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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Τοις Εντευξομένοις Η΄ Concerns
Περί Επικοινωνίας. Ουδείς γαρBy στέργει άγγελον κακών επών. Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ΣΟΦΟΚΛΗΣ
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Του κ. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Technical University of Crete
Καθηγητού Σχολ. Νομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστ. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptκαι Μεταπτ. Προγραμμάτων Πανεπιστημίου Πάφος, 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BCΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, - 370 BC, Athens), Καθηγητού Επισκ. Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the Ομοτ. Καθηγητού ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ Π.Κ.Π.Ε., among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Ch. L. U. L. if Bruxelles, Ex. Int. acquisition of knowledge starts withExthe of the content of I.I.A.P., concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, not final, approach, theParis term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Τα as θέματα επικοινωνίας τουremoval Κοινού, των Sociology well), asτης the “refining” of a cityμετά area, the from this,Δημοσίων (in various Sociology as well), as(με the “refining” of a city area, removal this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement there artists, Σχέσεων δηλαδή, την ευρύτερη έννοια τον όρον),from και τα of θέματα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of τωνoperation Μέσων,of art Διαδικασιών και Τεχνικών, μέσω των οποίων αυτή the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the επιτυγχάνεται, δεν έχουν αποτελέσει στην Ελλάδα αντικείμενο whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). εκτενούς, ενδελεχούς και συστηματικής έρευνας και μελέτης, παρά την potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to σημαντική και ιδιάζουσα σημασία τους. The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Το γεγονός αυτό οφείλεται σε to σειρά λόγων, η are μηof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people buy property inόπως poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andτων thus old residents are συστηματική επαγγελματική κατοχύρωση συναφώς being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. απασχολουμένων, η μη ολοκληρωθείσα τεχνολογική εξέλιξη του A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included«εισβολή» inwere the recorded workτης of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the similar in other major συνόλου τουsame Τύπου, η while με καθυστέρηση Τηλεόρασης GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western ηcountries, by other στηνinΕλλάδα, αδιαφορία τον Researchers. ευρέος Κοινού για την κατάσταση των cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, η «καταγγελλομένη αναξιοπιστία» των Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Μέσων, η συνειδητή ή μη ενασχόληση με άλλα κοινωνικά θέματα κ.λ. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: H «πλήρης» ενασχόληση Ειδικών Ερευνητών, (ανεξαρτήτως της interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups επιστημονικής τους υποδομής και προέλευσης), με πτυχές του όλου to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ζητήματος, (π.χ.from με θέματα Μέσων των Δημοσίων Σχέσεων and time to travel the purlieus to downtown, where work place is,κ.λ.), lack ofέχει the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born οδηγήσει στην «παραγωγή» (ενίοτε) λίαν αξιόλογων καταγραφών καιin sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health,Μελετών, education, αλλά entertainment “atπλευράς, the heart of the city”, (possibly) συστηματικών εξ άλλης σημαντικά θέματα, Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where (συνιστώντα ενίοτε τμήμα της πεμπτουσίας τουcame όλου studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she back ζητήματος), to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and παραμένουν «ανέπαφα»,where «αδιερεύνητα», «άβατα», «αγνοούμενα». University informal College of London, she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Εάν κατάσταση αυτή προστεθεί η «απροθυμία» (ή η her work areστην characterized by a passion for justice. See also:και COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: «αδυναμία»;) του Νομοθέτου να προβεί στην λήψη των αναγκαίων G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
σχετικών μέτρων, (μέσω ενός πλέγματος νομοθετικών ρυθμίσεων
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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ορθολογικών, βιώσιμων, συστηματικών, λυσιτελών, τελεσφόρων), τότε το πράγμα προσλαμβάνει άλλες διαστάσεις, και, ενδεχομένως, οδηγεί στην δημιουργία συνθηκών ευχερούς, (υπό προϋποθέσεις), καταστρατήγησης των στόχων, των σκοπών και της αποστολής των Δημοσίων Σχέσεων και, βεβαίως, των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, μέσω των οποίων αυτές επιτελούν την αποστολή τους, όποτε δήποτε, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS υπό οίου δήποτε. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, H γνωστή συνταγματική επιταγή, επαναλαμβανόμενη By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS στερεοτύπως σε όλα τα τελευταία Συντάγματα της Χώρας [βλ.Architect άρθρο Student of the School of Architecture 14 του ισχύοντος Συντάγματος, όπως αυτό Technical αναθεωρήθηκε το Universityμε of Crete Ψήφισμα της 6ης Απριλίου 2001 της Ζ΄ Αναθεωρητικής Βουλής των 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptκαι τα προσόντα άσκησης Ελλήνων, (...Νόμος ορίζει τις προϋποθέσεις 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient Greek philosopher, τουANTISTHENIS, Δημοσιογραφικού Επαγγέλματος. Το ιδιοκτησιακό καθεστώς, η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the οικονομική κατάσταση και τα μέσα χρηματοδότησης των Μέσων among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Ενημέρωσης πρέπει ναstarts γίνωνται όπως νόμος of ορίζει...)], μη acquisition of knowledge with theγνωστά, the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term υλοποιηθείσα μέχρι τούδε, κάθε άλλοisinπαρά ως «εφαλτήριο», 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first,λειτουργεί if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 «προπομπός», «κατευθυντήριος οδηγία» και «ερέθισμα» για τον Κοινό gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Νομοθέτη να αναλάβει την ευθύνη διευθέτησης θεμάτων Επικοινωνίας Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, εν γένει, από μακρού λιμναζόντων οδηγούντων σε there κοινωνικές the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.και However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also «κομματικές rising of landπαρεμβάσεις». prices (and theof «αγκυλώσεις», «πολιτικές δυσλειτουργίες», whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also ιδιαιτέρας rising of landδε prices (and the potential Εξ relative άλλου, πολλά συναφή θέματα, σημασίας, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the UKτου in early 1960s and it refers to παραμένουν πάντοτε, is δυστυχώς εκτός πεδίου τόσον της The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ενδελεχούς και συστηματικής έρευνας υπό μεμονωμένων the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in Ερευνητών, poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof όσον και upgrade των αντίστοιχων «λειτουργικών» νομοθετικών διοικητικών London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thusήold residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. παρεμβάσεων πρωτοβουλιών περαιτέρω ρυθμίσεις. being indirectlyκαι “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon isπρος included in the work of Sociologist Ruth των θεμάτων αυτής της κατηγορίας και AΜεταξύ description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the περιλαμβάνονται work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major τα ακόλουθα, περί των οποίων, πλην ελαχίστων περιπτώσεων, το cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has for its more εκδηλωθέν ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον είναιseveral μικρήςscholars έκτασηςand ή ανύπαρκτο: Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its των more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the α. H οριοθέτηση κατ’ αρχάς αυτής ταύτης της έννοιας comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification,των the following: Δημοσίων Σχέσεων και ιδίως ηof οριοθέτηση προσόντων και των interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups ιδιοτήτων, τα οποία πρέπει να διαθέτει ο Σύμβουλος Δημοσίων to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Σχέσεων. Εν προκειμένω η καταχρηστική χρήση αυτού του τίτλου υπό and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πλήθους «ασχέτων» είναι ιδιαζόντως υπερβολική. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,β.where she made her first studies. In 1932 she publishedτων an important study entitled: Το «ετερόκλητο» καθεστώς ιδιοκτησίας Μέσων Μαζικής services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Επικοινωνίας, (τα οποία Prague, καλούνται να car «υπηρετήσουν» τις Δημόσιες lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, London and New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 sheπερί published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Σχέσεις), οποίο οι ρυθμίσεις ποικίλλουν, απαιτουμένης, κατά to το another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying περίπτωση, ονομαστικοποίησης των μετοχών των ανωνύμων her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: εταιρειών ιδιοκτησίας των Μέσων, επιτρεπομένης ενίοτε της κατοχής Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aμετοχών variety ofποσοστού ways, in order to achieve the«πλαφόν» “assisted”,για “voluntary”, συγκεκριμένου τους επί(actually μέρους
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
μετόχους εταιρειών δραστηριοποιουμένων στον χώρο των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, απαγορευομένης της κατοχής, ενίοτε και υπό προϋποθέσεις, μετοχών εταιρειών δραστηριοποιουμένων στον τομέα των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας υπό προσώπων αναλαμβανόντων δημόσια έργα κ.ά.. Επί του τελευταίου σημείου διετυπώθη η άποψη κατά πόσον By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS είναι «ισχυρός» ο περιορισμός αυτής της μορφής, C. υπό το καθεστώς της Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, επιταγής του ισχύοντος εν Ελλάδι Συντάγματος περί της δυνατότητας By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect εκάστου «να διαδίδει ελευθέρως προφορικώς και εγγράφως τους Student of the School of Architecture στοχασμούς τον...». Εν πάση περιπτώσει, το Technical όλο θέμα πρέπειof «να University Crete κρατηθεί» προς περαιτέρω έρευνα, επί σκοπώ εναρμόνισης της 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept σχετικής κατάστασης προς τα ισχύοντα σε άλλες Χώρες, ιδίως της 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekτης philosopher, Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, δεδομένης παντοειδούς σημασίας του και the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among heritage he left us, he established a great the υπόANTISTHENIS, τοother φωςwise μάλιστα του εκδηλουμένου τεραστίου ενδιαφέροντος, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. (λόγω της ευχερούς πλέον μετακίνησης των διεθνών κεφαλαίων), των acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term πολυεθνικών επιχειρήσεων, πεδίου άλλων 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle”ανεξαρτήτως inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 δραστηριοτήτων, να «εμπλακούν» και στον τομέα των Μέσων Μαζικής gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Επικοινωνίας, είτε ως αποκλειστικοί ιδιοκτήτες, είτε ως ασκούντες Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, «δεσπόζουσα» επιρροή ως συνιδιοκτήτες των Μέσων, είτε, τέλος, ως the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences results also rising of land prices (and theof εμφανείςother χρηματοδότες υπό has, άλλες μορφές. whatever other consequences has, results also rising ofκαι landτης prices (and the potential relative speculation). γ. Το «μέγεθος» της Ιδιωτικής Ραδιοφωνίας Ιδιωτικής potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in theΔημοσιότητας, UK in early 1960sόσον and it refers to Τηλεόρασης, τόσον ωςis Μέσων γενικής και ως The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Μέσων Δημοσίων Σχέσεων. Το εν λόγωto θέμα είναι εκ των areas πλέον the then observed trend wealthy people buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof αμφιλεγομένων, διατυπωθεισών εν προκειμένω διαφόρων και London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ετεροκλήτων απόψεων, των μεν τασσομένων αναφανδόν υπέρ της being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Δημόσιας Ραδιοφωνίας και της Δημόσιας Τηλεόρασης των δε major υπέρ A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workκαι of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ελευθέρως ιδρυομένων άνευ κρατικών παρεμβάσεων, υπό την cities in Western countries, byκαι other Researchers. cities inπροηγουμένων Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue αναγκαίων has several scholarsΙδιωτικών and for itsσταθmore μορφή αδειών λειτουργίας, Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various μών Ραδιοφωνίας και Τηλεόρασης. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the of gentrification, the following: Πλην των ωςphenomenon άνω δύο «ακραίων» θέσεων η συναφής διεθνής interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups φιλολογία περί το θέμα προσθέτει άλλους τρόπους «μετριασμού» των to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money «παρενεργειών» της εφαρμογής της μίας ή της άλλης άποψης and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εμφανίζουσα σειρά λύσεων, ως ηRuth Δημοτική Ραδιοφωνία η Δημοτική 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruthκαι GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. InΡαδιοφωνία 1932 she published an η important study entitled: Τηλεόραση (N.2644/1998), η και Τηλεόραση, η services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ελεγχόμενη ιδιοκτησιακώς υπό υφισταμένων ήδη lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she cameσυγκροτημένων back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the σχημάτων, (π.χ. Εκκλησία, η the οποία, εξ άλλης πλευράς, συνιστά to another approach, is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ιδιαιτέρα μορφή «έννομης τάξης»), η ελεγχόμενη υπό νομίμως her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: λειτουργούντων αποκεντρωμένων και αυτοδιοικουμένων λειτουργιών Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτον variety of ways, order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, υπό “voluntary”, (actually Κράτους (π.χ.inΠανεπιστημίων), η ελεγχόμενη πληθυσμιακών ή
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άλλης υφής Μειονοτήτων κ.ά.. δ. Το πλαίσιο δραστηριότητας των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας ανεξαρτήτως των στόχων αξιοποίησής τους, (για σκοπούς Ειδησεογραφικούς, Διαφημιστικούς, Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.ά.), και το θέμα των επ’ αυτών ρυθμίσεων, εάν δηλαδή θα δεσπόζουν εν προκειμένω νομοθετικής ή διοικητικής υφής μέτρα κ.ά.. Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ε. Το θέμα του ελέγχου της By λειτουργίας και των οικονομικών των Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, ελέγχου ο οποίος πρέπει ναStudent, είναι By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αντικειμενικός, διαφανής, καθολικός, Student άνευ ofεξαιρέσεων δηλαδή, the School of Architecture αδιάβλητος, λυσιτελής και περί του οποίου άλλως τεUniversity υπάρχειof Crete και Technical σχετική συνταγματική πρόνοια. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Στην Ελλάδα με θέματα Ραδιοφωνίας και Τηλεόρασης, πέραν των 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, άλλων Νομοθετικών και Διοικητικών Αρχών, ασχολούνται και δύο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, established a great the Ανεξάρτητες Διοικητικές Αρχές: H he Εθνική Επιτροπή Τηλεπικοινωνιών among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. και Ταχυδρομείων και το Εθνικό Ραδιοτηλεόρασης. acquisition of knowledge starts with Συμβούλιο theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Μεταξύ τουurban σημαντικού έργου τωνif (in εν the λόγω Αρχώνtheσυγ1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, not final, approach, term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 καταλέγονται ο έλεγχος εφαρμογής υπό των Μέσων της κειμένης gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various νομοθεσίας, τόσον εκείνης της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, όσον και εκείνης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofπροέλευσης, social groups, of low-income and the placement of artists, Εθνικής ηusually πάταξη της πειρατίας των ερτζιανών, η τήρηση the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising ofτου landμεταδιδομένου prices (and theof των ορίων ισχύος των πομπών, η also ποιότητα whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Προγράμματος, η ανακριβής πληροφόρηση κ.ά. potential relative speculation). TheΣημειώνεται, term gentrification found at first in the in early 1960s and it refers to ότι isτο έργο των ενUK λόγω Αρχών καθίσταται The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor δυσχερές και εκ του γεγονότος, εντός Ελλάδος εκπέμπουν σήμαof the then observed trend wealthyότι people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are περισσότεροι των 1.500 σταθμών, μερικοί των οποίων London, upgrade them, stayραδιοφωνικών themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στερούνται νομιμοποιητικών εγγράφων. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth (και) αυτού τουinwere προβλήματος η Εθνική A Προς description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theαντιμετώπιση same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Επιτροπή Τηλεπικοινωνιών και Ταχυδρομείων εξεπόνισε και cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and λειτουργίας for its more εφαρμόζει προσφάτως ειδικά πιλοτικά προγράμματα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from σταθερών σταθμών ελέγχου ραδιοφωνικών συχνοτήτων κ.λ.the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theτης phenomenon of λογοκρισίας gentrification,επί the following: στ. Το θέμα «έμμεσης» του καθ’ οίον δήποτε interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof toαπό a trend of a new of social groups τρόπον μεταδιδομένου «υλικού» τα Μέσα Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money είτε αυτό είναι Ειδησεογραφικής υφής, είτε Διαφημιστικής, είτε and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.ά.Sociologist 1.of The term from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,ζ.where she made her firstπηγής studies.των In 1932 she published και an important study entitled: Το πρόβλημα της πληροφοριών της δυνατότητας services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for πρόσβασης πηγή όλων των τυχόν ενδιαφερομένων, lower living cost στην of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. Inαυτής 1950 she teacher in the «αποκλειομένης» της επιλεκτικής παροχής της δυνατότητας to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying κατά το δοκούν στον «συνιστώντα» ή «ελέγχοντα» την πηγή. Επί her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part ή of the urban web, in 10th edit.πτυχή Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μέρους του θέματος συνιστά και η2009. παρεχομένη μη δυνατότητα Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aελέγχου variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, στοιχείων δημοσκοπήσεων, βάσει των (actually οποίων
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
ανακοινώνονται «θέσεις» της Κοινής Γνώμης κ.λ. η. H προστασία της ιδιωτικής ζωής των Προσωπικοτήτων και των απλών Πολιτών, έναντι του «αδηφάγου» ενδιαφέροντος των Μέσων και των Καταναλωτών των υπηρεσιών τους να υπεισέρχονται στα «άδυτα των αδύτων» της ζωής Προσώπων, ευρισκομένων μονίμως ή προσκαίρως στο προσκήνιο της επικαιρότητας, για διαφόρους Mr.γεγονός, George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS λόγους, σημαντικούς ή μη, παράByτο ότιC.πολλές φορές είναι Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αρκετοί εκείνοι, οι οποίοι μέσω «Συμβούλων» Δημοσίων Σχέσεων By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect διαχέουν οι ίδιοι πληροφορίες ιδιαιτέρως προσωπικής υφής, για Student of the School of Architecture διάφορους λόγους (διαφημιστικούς κ.ά.). Technical University of Crete θ. Τα προσόντα των Στελεχών του χώρου της Δημοσιότητας εν 1. Introductory Defining theοconcept γένει, ο τρόπος approach: εκπαίδευσής τους, τρόπος επιλογής τους από τα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek Μέσα, οι συνθήκεςtheεργασίας τους,philosopher, ενίοτε ιδιαζόντως επικίνδυνες, -ο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us, he established(444 a σε great the αριθμός τωνwise δολοφονηθέντων Δημοσιογράφων διάφορες Χώρες among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. είναι δηλωτικός του φαινομένου: σε the 99 content κατά την τελευταία acquisition of knowledge starts with theανήλθαν of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term επταετία, η1 (and «θωράκισή» τους έναντι πιθανών επιρροών κατά Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the την term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 άσκηση των καθηκόντων τους, πέραν των ορίων των ρυθμίσεων των gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Κωδίκων Επαγγελματικής Δεοντολογίας των οικείων Επαγγελματικών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of Εξουσία low-income and thethis placement of artists, Ενώσεων, η of σχέση τους μεrestaurants, την the operation art galleries, etc. κ.ά.. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,ταresults also rising of land prices theof Ειδικώτερον, σε σχέση με θέματα του Προσωπικού των(and Μέσων whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of landοργάνου prices (and the potential relative Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας και ιδίως του Τύπου, βασικού των potential relative speculation). The termΣχέσεων gentrification is found at first inσημειώνεται the UK in early 1960s it refers to Δημοσίων εξ άλλης πλευράς, εδώ, ότιand η τρέχουσα The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor κατάσταση εμφανίζεται παγκοσμίως όλωςtoετερόκλητη. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof Σε επίπεδο πολλών Χωρών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης λόγω του London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μεγάλου ανταγωνισμού, ιδίως στον χώρο του Τύπου, (ΙNTERNET, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth έκδοση διανεμόμενων δωρεάν, εκδόσεις, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the δικτυακές work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at εφημερίδων the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major μείωση εσόδων εκ διαφημίσεων κ.ά.), οι απολύσεις Στελεχών cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more (Δημοσιογράφων, Τεχνικών κ.ά.)Researchers. τείνουν να λάβουν ενδημική μορφή. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the H κατάσταση στην αντίπερα όχθη τον Ατλαντικού είναιvarious πλέον comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: σύνθετη: οι ofκυκλοφορίες πολλών εφημερίδων, βασικών Μέσων interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups Δημοσίων Σχέσεων, παραμένουν κατά την τελευταία πενταετία to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money σταθερές και τα έσοδα εκ διαφημίσεων αυξάνουν, αλλά εντείνονται οι and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the απολύσεις Δημοσιογράφων. 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Hwhere she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: συνήθης ερμηνεία του φαινομένου των απολύσεων είναι η services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for αυτή: οι Μέτοχοι των Εκδοτικών Εταιρειών, εισηγμένων κατά κανόνα lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the στα οικεία τοπικά Χρηματιστήρια, μη δυνάμενοι ναtobecame συμπιέσουν τα to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying άλλα στοιχεία κόστους, (τιμές χάρτου, αμοιβές διανεμητών, her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partτης of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ασφαλιστικές εισφορές κ.ά.), επιλέγουν την οδό μείωσης του Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΣτελεχιακού variety of ways, in order ενίοτε to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Δυναμικού, και προληπτικώς, πράγμα, το οποίο, εξ
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
8
άλλης πλευράς, κατά την άποψη των Ενώσεων των Δημοσιογράφων, «συνεφέλκεται εκπτώσεις επί των τομέων περιεχομένου, ποιότητας και αντικειμενικότητας». ι. H αντικειμενικότητα των διαχεομένων πληροφοριών, είτε πρόκειται περί ειδήσεων, είτε περί μηνυμάτων Δημοσίων Σχέσεων, είτε περί Διαφημιστικών μηνυμάτων κ.ά. By Mr. George-Sp. C.μεταξύ ATHANASOPOULOS ια. Οι συνθήκες του εν γένει ανταγωνισμού των Μέσων Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, οι οποίες τείνουν συνεχώς να καταστούν By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κυριολεκτικώς αδυσώπητες και εξοντωτικές, ιδία μετά την έξαρση του Student of the School of Architecture φαινομένου της «περιφερειοποίησης» των Μέσων, ιδίως του Τύπου. Technical University of Crete Υπενθυμίζεται, ότι οι νέες συνθήκες λειτουργίας των Μέσων 1. Introductory approach: the concept Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας καιDefining ιδίως εκείνες περί Τύπου, χαρακτηριζόμενες 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theανταγωνισμού, ancient Greek philosopher, από την ένταση του την ψηφιοποίηση της διαδικασίας ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left us, he established a great the παραγωγής, τις heritage δικτυακές εκδόσεις κ.ά., οδηγούν σε επείγουσες among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. αναζητήσεις προσεγγίσεων. acquisition ofνέων knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Έτσι,therefore, δεν πρέπει να θεωρηθεί τοif γεγονός, ότι προσφάτως 1 (and Based, on this “principle”τυχαίο inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Επίτροπος της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, υπεύθυνος για τα συναφή gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (inθέματα various επεδίωξε, μέσω ενός «Brainstorming», με την συμμετοχή Εκδοτών εκ Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income thethis placement of artists, Χωρών της Δυτικής Ευρώπης, να andδιατυπωθούν προτάσεις the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising of land prices (and theof αντιμετώπισης των νέων συνθηκών και also προκλήσεων. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, προβλήματα results also rising land prices (and the potential relative Επισημαίνεται, ότι τα νέα είναιofενίοτε ιδιάζουσας potential relative speculation). The term is found at first the UK in παγκόσμια early 1960s andδιάσταση. it refers to υφής και gentrification σύνθετα, τείνοντα να inλάβουν The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Ενδεικτικώς αναφέρεται εδώ σχετική πρωτοβουλία τηςof the then observed trend wealthy peopleπρόσφατη to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are Διεθνούς Ομοσπονδίας Ποδοσφαίρου (FIFA), ηthere οποία να θέσει London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes andεπεδίωξε thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. νέους όρους για την κάλυψη των αγώνων ποδοσφαίρου μέσω being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth δικτυακών εφημερίδων, περιλαμβάνοντες του A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work περιορισμό of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theεκδόσεων same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major αριθμού των countries, φωτογραφιών, οι οποίες θα παρουσιάζονται σε cities in Western by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for τους its more ηλεκτρονικές εκδόσεις των εφημερίδων, η τυχόν μετάδοσή να Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various πραγματοποιείται δύο ώρες μετά την λήξη των αγώνων κ.ά. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, Είναι αυτονόητο, ότι ενέργειες αυτής the τηςfollowing: μορφής, κατά την interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups άποψη των Εκδοτών εφημερίδων, περιορίζουν την ελεύθερη to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κυκλοφορία και διάχυση των πληροφοριών, οδηγούν σε μειώσεις and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κυκλοφοριών κ.ά. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,ιβ. where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: H ευθύνη των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας έναντι της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Κοινωνίας, η οποία απασχολεί πλέον όχιcar μόνον επί μέρους Πολίτες ή lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. sheto became teacher in the Ενώσεις Πολιτών, αλλά σχηματισμούς, όπωςInη 1950 Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, επί to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying μέρους Κράτη κ.ά.. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCoτο depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Υπενθυμίζεται εδώ, ότι Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο απασχοληθέν Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aπρο variety of χρόνου ways, in με order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually τινός σχετική Έκθεση της Επιτροπής Πολιτικών και
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Εσωτερικών Υποθέσεων, διεπίστωσε, ότι στα σημερινά Κράτη το δικαίωμα της πληροφόρησης εν γένει το ασκούν Κοινωνικές Ομάδες και Επιχειρήσεις από την σκοπιά συνήθως της πολιτικής τους τοποθέτησης. Οι εν λόγω Φορείς, όμως, είναι αναγκαίο να αντικατοπτρίζουν την πολυμέρεια της Κοινωνίας, προς την οποία απευθύνονται και να προάγουν ένα πραγματικό διάλογο μεταξύ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Μέσων και Κοινωνίας. Παραλλήλως, ετονίσθη, ότι πρέπει να Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, συνδυασθούν αρμονικώς η ελευθερία έκφρασης και ηofελευθερία επιBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect χειρηματικής δράσης και να διασφαλισθείStudent το δικαίωμα των Πολιτών να of the School of Architecture διαδίδουν ελευθέρως τις σκέψεις των. Πέραν Technical αυτών, το Ευρωπαϊκό University of Crete Κοινοβούλιο, υιοθέτησε προσφάτως «Έκθεση σχετικά με τα Κρατικά 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ραδιοτηλεοπτικά Μέσα στην ψηφιακή εποχή: το μέλλον του διττού 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, συστήματος». ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage left us, he established a great the Επισημαίνεται, ότι he στο νέο ψηφιακό περιβάλλον η δωρεάν among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. δημόσια προσφορά των δικτύων αποτελεί the πρόβλημα πολλά acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition content of για concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term εμπορικά 1 (and urban Based, σήματα. therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1αυτών, Πέραν τα gentrification) θέματα Μέσων Μαζικής gentrification (and urban indicated (in thefrom areaΕπικοινωνίας of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a των cityisarea, the removal this, (in various ανεξαρτήτως των στόχων, τους οποίους κατά περίπτωση υπηρετούν Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, (Ειδησεογραφίας, Διαφήμισης, Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.ά.), απησχόλησαν the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, also rising land prices Ένωσης (and theof και κατά other το παρελθόν εκ νέου το results Κοινοβούλιο της of Ευρωπαϊκής whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising land prices (andόχι the potential προς τηνrelative κατεύθυνση θέσπισης νέων ρυθμίσεων καιofπροσεγγίσεων, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is foundσημασίας at first in theτους, UK in αλλά early 1960s it refers to μόνον λόγω της σύνολης και and λόγω των The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor παρατηρούμενων συναφών ραγδαίων αλλαγών σε εθνικό, διεθνές καιof the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are παγκόσμιο επίπεδο. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Σχετικώς Έκθεση του Ευρωπαϊκού being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of αναφέρεται this phenomenonΕιδική is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Κοινοβουλίου στην οποία, πέραν σειράς καταγραφόμενων σημαντικών A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major διαπιστώσεων, (όπωςbyπ.χ. η διαπίστωση, ότι τα τηλεοπτικά cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has scholarsτου and πράγματος, for its more προγράμματα, περιλαμβάνοντα, ως εκseveral της φύσεως Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from εμφανή ή αφανή μηνύματα Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.λ., the τα οποία comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the of Ε.Ε. gentrification, the following: εισάγονται από τιςphenomenon Η.Π.Α. στην ανέρχονται σε ποσοστό έως και interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: social groups In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new 70% των μεταδιδόμενων προγραμμάτων, ενώ τα of τηλεοπτικά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money προγράμματα ευρωπαϊκής προέλευσης τα οποία εισάγονται στις Η.Π.Α. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the μετά1.of βίας ανέρχονται ποσοστό του1912-1940. μεταδιδόμενου στις Η.Π.Α. The term from σε Sociologist Ruth1% GLASS, Ruth search GLASS was born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for better Berlin, where she made herκ.ά.), first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: τηλεοπτικού υλικού διατυπώνονται και κρίσιμες επισημάνσεις, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for όπως: lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacherαπό in the - Είναι αναγκαία μίαregarding νέα πολιτική «επιθετικού χαρακτήρα» to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying πλευράς Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης προς την κατεύθυνση της εξασφάλισης her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: της βιωσιμότητας τηςfor ευρωπαϊκής βιομηχανίας οπτικοακουστικών Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aμέσων varietyκαι of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, υλικού, δεδομένου τον γεγονότος, ότι ο εν γένει(actually κύκλος
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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εργασιών του τομέα των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας υπερβαίνει κατ’ έτος το ποσό των 400.000.000.000 ΕΥΡΩ εντός της Ε.Ε. - Είναι αναγκαία η εξασφάλιση και η διατήρηση της πολυμορφίας των διαφόρων πολιτισμικών παραδόσεων και των επί μέρους εθνικών γλωσσών εντός της Ε.Ε., πράγμα το οποίο πρέπει να υποστηριχθεί και μέσω Προγραμμάτων Προβολής. By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS - Είναι αναγκαία η εφαρμογή πολιτικώνC. στήριξης της δυHarvard University, Graduate School of Design, νατότητας ανταγωνισμού της βιομηχανίας οπτικοακουστικών Student, μέσων By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect και υλικού ως παράγοντος οικονομικής ανάπτυξης, αλλά εξ ίσου Student of the School of Architecture αναγκαία εμφανίζεται η δι’ αυτής αναπαραγωγή τηςUniversity πολιτιστικής Technical of Crete ταυτότητας της Ευρωπαϊκής Ηπείρου, η οποία φαλκιδεύεται 1. Introductoryεκ approach: theκαι concept ποικιλοτρόπως πολλώνDefining πλευρών ιδίως από πλευράς Η.Π.Α., και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, μέσω Προγραμμάτων Δημοσίων Σχέσεων, (π.χ. Ιδρυμάτων χορήγησης ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the υποτροφιών σε νέους Επιστήμονες κ.ά.). among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. - Είναιof αναγκαία η ρύθμιση των θεμάτων των μεταδιδόμενων acquisition knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term διαφημίσεων, οι οποίες συνιστούν αληθή και ifουσιαστικό αιμοδότη 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, theτων term urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, ιδίως εκείνων ιδιωτικής ιδιοκτησίας και gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various εντός του χώρου της Ε.Ε. Επισημαίνεται εν προκειμένω, ότι ενίοτε Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, πληροφορίες του χώρου των Δημοσίων Σχέσεων δημοσιοποιούνται the operation ofεκ art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of landδιαφημιστικών prices (and theof ευρέως ήother μη υπό των Μέσων (και) αναλόγως των whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, αναφέρονται. results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative δαπανών, εκείνων στους οποίους potential relative speculation). The- term first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Είναιgentrification αναγκαίαis found η at επανεξέταση προς ρεαλιστικώτερες The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor προσεγγίσεις του θέματος των δικαιωμάτων πνευματικής the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in ιδιοκτησίας poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof των διαφόρων Δημιουργών, η πάταξη της πειρατίας London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andπάσης thus oldμορφής residentsεν are being indirectly “squeezed”. γένει κ.ά. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Κοινοβουλίου και ηis Επιτροπή της Ένωσης AΠέραν description of this phenomenon included inwere the Ευρωπαϊκής work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theτου same period, while similar situations recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major υπέβαλε προ τινός στο Συμβούλιο κείμενο Οδηγίας για την «Τηλεόραση cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issueτων has severalτης scholars andμε forβάση its more χωρίς σύνορα», εντός 25 Χωρών Μελών Ένωσης, και Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various σχετικές υποδείξεις του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theκατ’ following: Υπενθυμίζεται, ότι το τελευταίο εκφράζει αυτάς ουσιώδεις interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense,για theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ενστάσεις την συνεχιζόμενη υπερσυγκέντρωση Μέσων Μαζικής to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Επικοινωνίας από άτομα ή επιχειρηματικούς Ομίλους, επιθυμεί and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the βελτίωση όρων προώθησης ευρωπαϊκών τηλεοπτικών 1.of The termτων from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: συμπαραγωγών κ.ά. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Αναλυτικώς: lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding city planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the Τοshe Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο ζήτησε απόIn την Επιτροπή την λήψη to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying μέτρων σε διάφορους τομείς, όπως: her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: H προαγωγή της ευρωπαϊκής οπτικοακουστικής βιομηχανίας, η Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aενίσχυση variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Ανεξάρτητων Ευρωπαίων Παραγωγών κ.ά.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
H ενίσχυση του Προγράμματος της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης MED1A για την στήριξη της παραγωγής και διανομής τηλεοπτικών προγραμμάτων ευρωπαϊκής προέλευσης, προκειμένου οι Παραγωγοί τους να αντιμετωπίσουν ευχερώς τον εισαγόμενο από τις Η.Π.Α. ανταγωνισμό. Επειδή η οπτικοακουστική βιομηχανία υπό καθεστώς Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS πλουραλισμού συνιστά αφ’ ενόςByπαράγοντα οικονομικής ανάπτυξης, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, λόγω των δημιουργούμενων θέσεων απασχόλησης και αφ’ Student, ετέρου By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect παράγοντα πολιτιστικής ανέλιξης καιStudent εμπέδωσης δημοκρατικών of the School of Architecture θεσμών, πρέπει να ενισχυθεί στο μεγαλύτερο εφικτό επίπεδο. Technical University of Crete H επιδίωξη δημιουργίας συνθηκών συγκρότησης τόσον ενός 1. Introductory approach: οπτικοακουστικού Defining the concept τομέα, όσον και ενός ανεξάρτητου δημόσιου 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekεξασφαλιζόμενης philosopher, ιδιωτικού εμπορικού τομέα, με παρεμβάσεις ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ρυθμιστικού χαρακτήρα της μεταξύ των ισορροπίας. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. H εξασφάλιση τηςstarts ποιότητας προγραμμάτων. acquisition of knowledge with theτων the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term O therefore, διαχωρισμός κυρίως isinπρογράμματος, διαφημιστικών 1 (and urban Based, on this “principle” a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 μηνυμάτων και μηνυμάτων Δημοσίων Σχέσεων. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various H υπαγωγή των νέων μορφών Τηλεόρασης μέσω δικτύων ADSL, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, INTERNET καιart μεταφερόμενων τηλεφώνων, στους αυτούς κανόνες the operation of galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results also rising of land prices (and theof λειτουργίας με consequences την «παραδοσιακή» Τηλεόραση. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, των results risingΚρατών of land prices the potential relative H ενίσχυση των Πολιτικών επίalso μέρους Μελών(and κατά potential relative speculation). term gentrification is foundΜαζικής at first in the UK in early 1960s andΆτομα it refers to τηςTheσυγκέντρωσης Μέσων Επικοινωνίας από ή The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Ομίλους, δεδομένου, ότι αυτή συνιστά απειλή για τους δημοκρατικούς the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof θεσμούς, την πολιτιστική πολυφωνία, την there καταχρηστική μετάδοση London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μηνυμάτων των Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.ά. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth θέμα τηςphenomenon οικονομικής ενίσχυσης Μαζικής Aιγ. description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere theτων workΜέσων of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at Το the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Επικοινωνίας τουbyΚράτους, είτε ευθέως, είτε εμμέσως με την cities in Western παρά countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several for its more μορφή παροχής υπηρεσιών στα Μέσα από scholars ΚρατικέςandΥπηρεσίες ή Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Δημόσιες Επιχειρήσεις, με εκπτώσεις επί των ισχυόντων για άλλους comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: χρήστες τιμολογίων κ.ά., ανεξαρτήτως των ρυθμίσεων για την interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups δημοσίευση ή μετάδοση διαφημίσεων, σημαντικότατης πηγής εσόδων to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money για όλα τα Μέσα Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, η οποία (δημοσίευση ή and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the μετάδοση) ρυθμίζεται υπό Κωδίκων 1.of The term from(συνήθως...) Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside townΔεοντολογίας. centres, Berlin,Σε where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: σχέση με την οικονομική κατάσταση των Μέσων Μαζικής services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Επικοινωνίας εδώ όλως μερικά lower living cost αναφέρονται of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London andενδεικτικώς Neweasier York she came back toπρόσφατα London, in According 1943 sheγια published regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher της in the στοιχεία τις studies τηλεοπτικές επιχειρήσεις σεdue Χώρες Μέλη to another approach, the phenomenon is tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, όπως αυτά καταγράφονται στην έκδοση her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theέτους depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Yearbook του παρελθόντος του Ευρωπαϊκού Οπτικοακουστικού Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΠαρατηρητηρίου: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252111 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification - Τα έσοδα των τηλεοπτικών επιχειρήσεων των Χωρών Μελών Concerns έχουν αυξηθεί κατά την τελευταία πενταετία, παρά τις περί του
αντιθέτου δυσοίωνες προβλέψεις σε ποσοστό 4,4% εν σχέσει με την By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS προηγουμένη πενταετία.. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, - Ποσοστό 90% των συνολικών εσόδων της τηλεοπτικής By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect βιομηχανίας των Χωρών Μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης προέρχεται Student of the School of Architecture από ανταποδοτικά τέλη, διαφημίσεις και συνδρομές. Το υπόλοιπο Technical University of Crete ποσοστό εσόδων 10% συγκροτούν έσοδα εκ πωλήσεων τηλεοπτικών 1. Introductory μισθώσεις approach: Defining the concept προγραμμάτων, εξοπλισμού κ.ά. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientτης Greek philosopher, - O ρυθμός ανάπτυξης εν γένει τηλεοπτικής αγοράς εντός των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established aείναι great the Χωρών Μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (444 ανομοιογενής, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. προηγουμένης εν προκειμένω της Γαλλίας,theενώ ενof concepts. σχέσει με acquisition of knowledge starts with the content Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term πραγματοποιηθέντα κατά διάφορες χρονικές περιόδους έσοδα 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 προηγείται η Μεγάλη Βρεταννία και ακολουθούν η Γερμανία, η Ιταλία, gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various η Ισπανία κ.ά. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Πέραν αυτών για τηνetc.διαμόρφωση πληρέστερης και the operation ofόλων art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results alsoτης rising of land prices (and theof ευκρινέστερης εικόνας επί του θέματος συλλογής, αξιολόγησης, whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). διάχυσης δωρεάν ή μη των has, πληροφοριών εν γένει, είναι αναγκαία potential relative speculation). The term αναφορά gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ενδεικτική στοisINTERNET. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Όπως είναι trend γνωστόν, το INTERNET έχει δημιουργηθεί στιςof the then observed wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής περί τα and τέληthus τουold έτους 1960 London, upgrade them,της stayΒόρειας themselves sometimes there residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. υπό Eρευνητών, οι οποίοι ανεζήτουν τρόπους σύνδεσης ηλεκτρονικών being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth υπολογιστών εγκατεστημένων σε διάφορες κυρίως των A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theπόλεις, work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών, τον «ακαδημαϊκό» χαρακτήρα του cities in Western countries,με byπροέχοντα other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more πράγματος. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the Η χρήση του συστήματος λόγω των πολλαπλών δυνατοτήτων, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: εφαρμογών και πλεονεκτημάτων του έχει γενικευθεί από των αρχών interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: a sense,1990 theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, aδυνατή trend of aηnew of τουIn έτους και είναι isσήμερα πρόσβαση σ’social αυτόgroups από to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money περισσότερες των 150 Χωρών, ενώ οι χρήστες του συστήματος and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ανέρχονται πλέον σε Sociologist δισεκατομμύρια, παρά το Ruth θρυλούμενο, ότιin 1.of The termat comes from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 shetrivial published an important study entitled: αποτελεί μία μη προβλέψιμη μηχανή (non machine). services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Τέλος, εκφράζεται ευχή όπως, ούτως εχόντων των πραγμάτων, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva,ηPrague, London and Neweasier York she came back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. εφεξής In 1950 she teacher in the τα ΜέσαsheΜαζικής Επικοινωνίας αποτελέσαν «συνεκτικό» κρίκο to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying των Ανθρωπίνων Κοινωνιών εν πνεύματι Δημοκρατίας, κατανόησης her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και ειρηνικής συνύπαρξης. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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