As we delve into the wonderful, mysterious and terrifying world of science fiction for this edition, you may start to notice that the university has some things in common with our favourite works in this genre. You can feed your Stranger Thingsinspired diet by grabbing some waffles at Pure. You can pretend to be one of those really hot scientists from 3 Body Problem by popping into Scienza for the afternoon. Or if virtual reality is more up your alley, delve into the world of Sword Art Online by checking out UP’s new VR labs. Unfortunately, the similarities do not end there. Where many works of science fiction explore the possibilities of autocratic or evil governments, current university policies may feel eerily comparable.
While this certainly does not mean that UP administrators are dressing in Capital couture (yet), they do seem intent on keeping peace by any means necessary. In April, UP shut down multiple events including a Rise Mzansi meeting and an SLSJ debate. Reportedly, this was done because of a mandate given by the executive of the university: “no political campaigning allowed on campus”. Shutting down political discussions on campus during an election year, in an age where young people are extremely apathetic about voting and politics, feels questionable at best.
This also comes during a year when a TSC is in power instead of the usual SRC. TSC positions come with limited powers compared to what a normal SRC would have. The ability to host student forums also (apparently) falls outside of their scope of powers. In addition to this, the DSA building has also shut its doors to the public. Where any student could just walk into the building and knock on the door of anyone in student governance a year ago, this is no longer possible.
Many students have felt the fact that the student leaders are not what they were before. To give another metric of the difference from 2023 to 2024, one need only look at the UP SRC’s own Instagram page. Last year from 1 January to 1 May, the SRC shared approximately 87 posts. This year, in the exact same time frame, the TSC has made exactly 12 posts. The difference does not only lie in quantity, though. Much of
the content shared by the 2023 SRC was diverse and sometimes even critical of the university: photos from protest actions, information about NSFAS, or just general events marketing and SRC updates. While the TSC does share the occasional post of importance, overall their social media presence is the equivalent of a slice of gluten-free bread – bland, unsatisfactory and totally not fooling anyone.
So, is the TSC a group of competent individuals who really want to help students but have been silenced by the university? Or are they completely obtuse? Unfortunately, no one seems to know. This is especially disappointing because, even though these candidates did not technically win the SRC elections, a lot of students still came out to support and vote for them. Their inability to do seemingly anything at all (except for filming a slightly awkward TikTok one time) is extremely disappointing. A little note for the homies in the TSC: if you can’t remember the passwords to your official emails – you can tell someone, babe.
Now, it is by no means a new thing for student representatives to be useless little rats, but at least previous SRC members were entertaining in their ineptitude. To be completely fair, most students have no idea what the SRC is, and they really could not care less about politics on campus. Protests on campus are annoying, inconvenient and feel completely unnecessary or even unsafe to many members of the student body. For others though, this is not the case. Funding is difficult to obtain, NSFAS is unreliable, student accommodation is sub-par and registration is incredibly frustrating. For these students, an SRC who is willing to take the fight to UP may be their only way of being heard and having their problems taken seriously. If you were to ask a student in 2024 what the TSC is, though, they would probably think it was some kind of sexually transmitted infection and not a group which is meant to be protecting their best interests.
Okay, let’s give the TSC a little break. Back to lambasting UP! The university claims to “produce socially impactful research to find solutions for the world’s most pressing issues”. This is completely fair. I mean, it’s not like the silencing of political dialogue has ever been a
pressing issue in the world. Especially not in South Africa, of all places! You silly goose, why would you ever think that?
This is not to say that the university is a force for evil, of course. After all, the university has a reputation to protect (at any cost). They just want to protect the peace (by force). After all, rules (the values enshrined in the Constitution) are meant to be broken! To bring it back to the realm of science fiction: we all know that when you see a powerful governmental structure in a movie that is actively shutting down political discourse and silencing the voices of those who are not in power – they are usually the good guys!
The article “Ultimate Frisbee: The disc is on the rise” in Issue 4 contained an error regarding the results of the Ultimate Frisbee Mixed league. The first and second places were switched, and the correct placement is as follows: Morula Legae x House Khutso x Commercii placed first and OP Village placed second.
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On 16 April, the University of Pretoria inaugurated a new immersive technology lab. The lab is the latest edition of the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment, and Information Technology (EBIT). Located in the Information Technology building, the new lab is a testament to the faculty’s strive to include advanced technology in its research initiatives and curriculum.
Since 2013, EBIT has been a trailblazer in the realm of virtual reality and immersive technology. It was in this year that EBIT acquired early VR headsets, enabling students to immerse themselves in the latest technological innovations and paving the way for the university’s future in this field.
With this newest addition, UP now houses four distinct immersive reality labs. The other three are the following: the Virtual Reality Centre, which fosters interdisciplinary collaboration among engineers and planners; the Digital Capacity Lab, which aims to equip students with the skills to adapt to the evolving real-world working environment; and the User Experience Lab, specialising in usability and user experience evaluation. While these labs primarily catered to Honours and Master’s students, the new Immersive Technology Lab broadens access to this technology, focusing on educating staff and students about its potential.
PDBY spoke to Annique Smith, a researcher in the Exxaro Chair in XR Technology. She indicated that as virtual reality has become more accessible, the university found it essential to upgrade access to VR technology so that students could familiarise themselves with its usage before entering the workforce.
The lab boasts three cubicles with high-powered computers and VR headsets for programming and visualisation. It also has two free-standing headsets for gaming. The lab is open from 09:00 to 14:00 on weekdays and can be booked via the QR code below. The lab
staff encourage students from all faculties with an interest in this technology to make use of this exciting new addition to campus.
As the boundaries of virtual reality and immersive technology continue to expand, the University of Pretoria aims to equip students and staff with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate this dynamic landscape effectively. The launch of the Immersive Technology Lab symbolises the university’s dedication to pushing the boundaries of innovation and preparing the leaders of tomorrow for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
Scan the QR code to make a booking at the VR lab:
During the week of 22 April, multiple events on the Hatfield campus were cancelled or postponed. This includes an event from Students for Law and Social Justice (SLSJ) and Rise Mzansi. Following an investigation from PDBY, it was discovered that UP specifically clamped down on these events in an effort to prevent any political campaigns from taking place on campus.
SLSJ Tuks had arranged a debate for 24 April. The idea behind this event was to help students decide whom to vote for by finding out more about party manifestos and rhetoric from student leaders themselves. However, on this date, SLSJ announced on their Instagram page that the event was postponed “due to unforeseen circumstances beyond [their] control”. They continued, explaining that they were addressing the situation and would arrange a new date as soon as possible.
PDBY reached out to SLSJ’s Head of Transformation, Tirelo Masilo, to explain why the debate was postponed. She stated, “Everything was planned out with facilities: I had booked a room for the day, and I just needed to send in an application to the events committee. However, the events committee declined the application for the event and reasoned [that] the refusal [was] due to a mandate given by the executive of the university, namely ‘no political campaigning allowed on campus’.” Masilo continued, “We’re equally disappointed in the university’s reluctance to have this discussion, since it is important [given] the upcoming elections. Furthermore, it was said that UP Faculty of Political Sciences held a similarly sanctioned forum, and UP hosted the exact same thing that we wanted to do.”
Similarly, Rise Mzansi had arranged a discussion with their national leader, Songezo Zibi, which was set to take place on 26 April. This meeting was promoted as a discussion related to the importance of youth voices in politics, what freedom means in the South African context, and the question “does my vote matter?”. This event was also cancelled soon before it was set to take place. Ricardo Teixeira, Rise Mzansi field organiser for Ward 56 (which includes the university) and one of the event’s organisers, explained, “The university doesn’t want any political discussion of any [sort] before the elections or ever, I guess.... Unless it’s a UP event. ‘Political campaigning is not allowed on campus’, they said.”
PDBY asked Rikus Delport, UP’s Director of the Department of Institutional Advancement, for comment on why these events had been shut down. “Given the proliferation of political parties in the run up to the 2024 elections, a decision has been taken proactively to restrict the hosting of political gatherings on our campuses to protect the continuity of our academic programmes, [to] prevent any potential disruptions to our educational activities, and to ensure an environment conducive to teaching and learning. While we recognise the importance of political discourse and engagement, it is important that our primary focus remains on providing our students with the best possible educational experience.”
Since July 2023, the Merensky 2 Library has been undergoing a reconstruction which has limited access and space. Despite spending countless hours studying there every day, many students have no idea what the reason for the construction is. In an effort to find out, PDBY conducted an interview with the deputy director of Information Resources, Access and Operations, Modisa Khosie. He shed light on the ongoing construction, its purpose, and the estimated timeline of the project.
Khosie described his role in the Department of Library Services as overseeing the general spaces, their upkeep, and the maintenance of the library as a whole. Khosie revealed that the construction project is a fire regulation upgrade, aimed at ensuring compliance with the latest fire and safety regulations. He emphasised the importance of providing safe, compliant spaces for students and staff. Regarding his role in the construction project, Khosie explained that he sat in during the regular meetings with contractors and project managers so that he could monitor the progress closely. The project primarily involves installing fire curtains to enclose previously open areas between floors, ensuring that each level is self-contained in the occurrence of a fire.
Additionally, the modifications include replacing glass staircases with fire-rated drywalling and upgrading emergency exits to meet the compliance standards. New exit points and refuge areas have been added, along with ventilators to alleviate smoke in the case of a fire. Khosie clarified that the initiative stemmed from the facilities division at the University of Pretoria, which was prompted by municipal regulations and insurance requirements. He explained that ensuring compliance with fire regulations was not only a legal requirement but also essential for the well-being of students and staff.
The original completion date was pushed back, and the latest deadline of 31 March was not achieved. Challenges such as continuous library occupancy and logistical hurdles have delayed the progress, but Khosie is hopeful that the project will be completed soon. He stated that despite the challenges they have faced, they are committed to completing the project as soon as possible, while also ensuring the highest standards of safety. As for the timeline, Khosie indicated that the installation of the fire curtain in the current closed off space on the main floor (level 3) is crucial before determining the project’s completion date.
While no fire incidents have occurred during Khosie’s time at the university, he stressed the importance of precautionary measures due to the building’s old age and consistently high occupancy. Contrary to students’ perceptions of the renovation, Khosie clarified that the current focus is solely on fire regulation compliance. However, he hinted at possible future renovation plans to enhance the library’s functionality and aesthetics.
It is no secret that South Africa is a country with widespread economic inequality between the rich and poor. This inequality has contributed to the unequal access to resources and opportunities amongst learners from the basic education sector. Learners from different socio-economic backgrounds often experience differences in terms of access to quality education and resources. This has hindered many learners across the country from realising their full potential and thriving in their studies. To bridge the gap caused by educational inequality, the University of Pretoria has combined all of its pre-university activities (which were conducted across different academic sectors in the past) into a singular, distinct programme called the University of Pretoria Pre-University Academy (UP-PUA).
UP-PUA is an academic programme directed at talented learners and students with great potential from different socioeconomic classes. The aim of the programme is to empower these learners. It is the only programme of its kind being run by a tertiary institute in South Africa.
On 5 April, PDBY sat down with UP-PUA’s programme manager and senior researcher, Dr Moneoang Leshota, to find out more about the initiative.
Q: What is UP-PUA?
A: UP-PUA is a pre-university academy. It is an enrichment programme for Grade 8 through to Grade 12 in the STEM subjects. We look at science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, as well as English.
Q: What is the purpose of UP-PUA?
A: It was started as part of the community engagement initiatives of UP. It was part of UP’s efforts to give back [to the community]. The pre-university programme started at [the] Mamelodi campus, which has been designated as an anchor strategy campus for [UP]. [The] Mamelodi campus actively works on community engagement initiatives, and there are many other facets of this anchor strategy; [among] them was educational empowerment of Grade 8 to Grade 10 learners.
Although the pre-university programme originated at Mamelodi [for Grades 8 to 10], it was later broadened to include Grade 11 to Grade 12. This broadening resulted in the establishment of the UP-PUA, a programme focused on empowering learners through education. In 2022, the Groenkloof programme started, where Grades 10 through to 12 were admitted into the pre-university programme.
We [were] interested in this group of learners for two main reasons. Firstly, we wanted learners to be able to [have] access [to] the university. Initially, UP’s pre-university programme was [put in place] to improve access to tertiary institutions for learners from the Mamelodi area. But because of the basic education system, we felt that learners, particularly those from quintiles 1 to 3 whose schools have limited resources, lacked considerable access to the university. We observed that UP didn’t have many learners from these lower quintile groups. To help and guarantee that these learners [could] gain access to the university and tertiary institutions, UP-PUA expanded the area of focus from Mamelodi to other areas in the City of Tshwane, such as Tshwane North and West. Additionally, the [accessibility change] is about ensuring that learners can transition from Grade 8 to Grade 12, and then [further] transition into their undergraduate studies.
[Secondly], the UP-PUA was established to increase the chances of success of learners from quintiles 1 to 3 and quintiles 4 to 5 once they commence their [tertiary] studies. The university administration highlighted that the number of learners, particularly in the STEM subjects, who fail to graduate or simply drop out mid-studies was just too high. To increase their chances of success during their studies, UP-PUA trains learners on how to succeed in university. We recognise that some learners may be admitted into UP or other tertiary institutions without our help, but those who are enrolled in the pre-university programme will be far more prepared to excel in university, as we equip them with tools and skills [needed] to succeed at university.
Q: What learners does the programme accommodate?
A: Learners from both the lower and upper quintiles write an admissions test and are admitted [into] the UP-PUA programme based on either their talent or potential. The reason for this approach is to maximise the talents of gifted learners and [to] unlock the potential of learners who show academic
promise but lack the conceptual knowledge or resources to perform exceptionally.
Q: Why is the programme specifically STEM focused?
A: The decision to create a STEM-focused programme was informed by two factors. The first being that learners who had taken up STEM subjects in high school were performing poorly at matric level. [This was] particularly [evident in] female learners and learners categorised as being from lower quintile schools. Another factor [was] that the university was complaining [about] seeing less learners enrolling in STEM-based courses, especially female students. The university found that it was lacking learners, [specifically] female learners and learners from historically disadvantaged communities, within the STEM sector.
These two factors are what made us develop a STEM-focused pre-university programme to ensure [that] we see more female learners and learners from lower quintile schools taking up and pursuing STEM subjects and careers. We are happy to say that since UP-PUA was established, we have seen a rise in female learners pursuing STEM. UP-PUA has recorded a substantial increase of female learners enrolled in the programme. At Mamelodi campus, we recorded a 77% increase for Grades 8 to 10. At Groenkloof campus, we recorded an 80% increase for Grades 10 to 12. So, we are succeeding at getting [female students] to pursue the STEM subjects.
But it must be noted that while the programme is [primarily] STEM focused, we do devote some time towards the [studying] of other subjects, such as accounting.
Q: What are the unique aspects of the programme curriculum?
A: We thought that instead of just talking about mathematics and science, let’s talk about robotics, scientific literacy, and cyber bullying amongst others. Together with the university, we are also looking at what things we need to be talking about in science that can improve scientific literacy and how we [can] bring in the arts. So, presently, we offer a broadened philosophical approach to the study of mathematics and science, and we will later [on] include the arts to establish a STEAM programme (science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics).
Q: Does the programme accept volunteers, and how can someone get involved with UP-PUA?
A: Presently, we only work with experts or people with a Master’s degree upwards to teach STEM subjects. So, we only work with Master’s and PhD holders. If we were to work with someone with just an Honours degree, there must be a case for that, for example, their professional experience. But we really try to work with experts in the STEM field.
We also use university students from certain subjects to help as subject tutors. Presently, we work with students from faculties such as EBIT and NAS. For example, in the past we have worked with JCP students from the Department of Engineering who tutor and mentor learners from Grades 11 to 12.
When it is necessary, we do communicate with other faculties within the university, and they advertise tutoring vacancies [on] our behalf.
Q: What are some of the challenges UP-PUA faces?
A: Remember, we are competing for the learners’ time with their regular school programmes and extracurricular commitments. Because of these competing demands on the learners’ time, we don’t get that much time with [them], since we only operate every Saturday and during the school holidays. Though the programme’s curriculum is good, we often must rethink what parts of the programme we can bring in to help the learners pass their matric and enter tertiary institutions in the limited time we see them.
Q: How do learners and parents find out about the programme?
A: When we started, we would send out communications to schools in various districts within the City of Tshwane through the Department of Basic Education. But now, we advertise the programme and spaces available on social media platforms and the university’s website. Our applications normally open [at the] end of [the year], so around November.
Since its establishment, UP-PUA has made several efforts to shatter the glass ceiling by providing quality education to learners in the greater Tshwane area, regardless of their socio-economic background and gender. We have already seen some evidence of the programme’s success, and one can only hope that UP-PUA will grow in leaps and bounds as the years go by.
The urban jungle of Pretoria, colloquially known as Hatfield, is infamous, from Burnett Street to Lynnwood. Hatfield is known for its night lights, the lovely blue skies in the summer, and dull, gloomy winter mornings. The urban student setting offers many fun activities and experiences to those who identify the concrete jungle as a home away from home. However, on 15 March, PDBY was alerted to a rise in petty criminal activity that has raised the attention of the South African Police Service (SAPS). PDBY conducted an interview with Sergeant MD Baloi from the SAPS station in Brooklyn to provide clarity regarding the matter.
According to Sergeant Baloi, a number of students from UP and surrounding tertiary institutions have been losing their valuables at the hands of opportunists that portray themselves as prophets. These opportunistic criminals have taken and continue to take advantage of the fact that Hatfield is a metropolitan area. In such a large area with a diverse demographic, it is easy for these seasoned criminals to find individuals to prey on.
These so called false prophets specifically focus on isolated, unsuspecting students who trust others easily. The criminals assume the role of a false prophet or a person that has a divine mission to save the youth of Hatfield. Sergeant Baloi stated that these individuals prey on kindness. They evoke sympathy from their victims and draw the individuals in by speaking about personal matters. By “opening up”, the false prophets encourage victims to let their guards down.
Furthermore, when asked to elaborate on the complexity of the matter at hand, Sergeant Baloi observed that the virtual, interactive platforms of today have left many vulnerable by blurring the lines between reality and the virtual world. E-hailing platforms like Uber have further blurred these lines for students in and around the Hatfield area, making it difficult to distinguish between a stranger in need of assistance and potential danger.
The false prophets in Hatfield are known to use triggering words and manipulative language to almost hypnotise victims and make them more susceptible to influence. The perpetrators of these crimes will then ask for a token of gratitude in return for their services, such as a bottle of water. While the victim goes to buy this token, they leave their valuable possessions such as phones, laptops, wallets and/or jewellery with the prophet. When the victims return, they find that they have been robbed. In other cases, false prophets offer a prayer to their victims and steal valuables while the victims’ eyes are closed.
Due to the complex nature of these crimes, it is difficult to apprehend these criminals. The crimes occur in isolated areas, and the victim has to present their case to the authorities, which carries a sense of embarrassment for the victim. In turn, this nudges them to internalise their loss, opting to stay anonymous and silent.
In closing, Sergeant Baloi said, “I humbly request [that] students have forums in communes, [as well as] WhatsApp groups [to] notify your housemates [of] where you are going [and] when you are coming back. [...] It’s not [so that] they [can] spy on you or anything. It’s just to [let] them know [of] your whereabouts so [that] they can be able to assist, should anything happen to you.”
On February 21, members of the TUKS staff, including security guards, rallied outside the Hatfield campus, decrying unfair wages, stagnant wage increases, and budget cuts. Although the immediate dispute has been settled, its repercussions persist, particularly among essential campus support groups.
Parking at and around the University of Pretoria (TUKS) is a perennial headache for students and faculty alike. However, beyond the frustration of finding a spot and facing fines lies a deeper, often overlooked issue: the challenges faced by the security guards tasked with managing these chaotic lots.
To shed light on this issue, members of the PDBY news team interviewed parking lot monitors around the main campus. These guards start their shifts as early as 5:00 AM and finish around 17:00. They acknowledged reserving certain spots for specific students but denied receiving monetary compensation for this service. Instead, the guards seek respect and favor students who treat them with kindness. They do not receive a consistent salary but rely on tips from the students whose cars they monitor.
The guards frequently encounter security threats and fear the consequences. They described instances of smashand-grabs and hijackings in which they chased down the criminals while waiting for assistance from campus security or the police. The guards also noted a recent decline in the availability of security services. Previously, they could rely on these services for assistance in times of danger or when suspicious of specific individuals.
Currently, however, the guards often experience prolonged wait times for police assistance, which can be attributed to prioritisation. They often do not feel safe and worry that the individuals they confront will return. One guard aptly stated, “I am one person; I don’t know if maybe they’re going to come back in a different car and shoot me.”
When asked about potential improvements to the current parking system, the guards suggested restricting access to the area, allowing cars to enter from one side and exit from another. Their decades of experience highlight the specific struggles faced by the guards, emphasizing the need for better security measures and support.
UP parking management states, “Due to the scarcity of parking, the Department of Security Services relies on the assistance of all personnel and students to manage parking and traffic flow effectively.”
University security notes, “Many of the campus’s security personnel were also part of the strike, which has left campus security vulnerable.” The University security stated that they aim to do their utmost to keep all UP staff, students and adjacent staff safe despite this.
As the university community deals with parking challenges, it’s essential to acknowledge and tackle the issues faced by those responsible for managing it. By fostering dialogue and implementing practical solutions, TUKS can work towards a safer, more equitable environment for all its members.
The Natural and Agricultural Sciences (NAS) Faculty has announced that it is implementing its innovative Zero Food Waste programme in an attempt to address the growing global food waste epidemic. The goal of this campaign is to transform people's attitudes and behaviours about food consumption and waste management. It is led by Prof. Lise Korsten and the Produce Quality and Safety Science Communication Team (PQSSCT).
In 2022, the UN Environment Programme reported, “An estimated 14 percent of the total food produced for human consumption is lost, while 17 per cent is wasted.” This means that 30 percent of food is lost or wasted globally, which can feed 1 billion people. Food waste poses ethical questions about universal access to food and puts a burden on the environment's resources.
foods and use older items first). By adopting thoughtful spending habits and sharing excess food, these strategies enable people to significantly impact the battle against food waste.
Visual: Kerri-Anne Swanepoel
NAS’s food waste programme has “five keys to reduce food waste”, which provide practical guidance for people to incorporate sustainable habits into their everyday lives. These include: sharing is caring (donate leftovers and share food with neighbours); put your food waste to use (use scraps for compost or stock/broths); love your leftovers (freeze or use them to make new meals); use only what you need (plan your meals and stick to your shopping lists); and store food wisely (know how to store different
"The Zero Food Waste initiative has a complex impact, as it addresses social responsibility and equitable access to resources in addition to addressing a pressing environmental issue," says Prof. Korsten. Using social media as its main means of communication, the PQSSCT must overcome the obstacle of digital noise to inform and engage the public. Their aim is to employ inventive tactics and captivating material to reach a wide range of viewers and motivate significant actions.
By continuing to engage and collaborate with the community, the NAS Faculty hopes to maintain the enthusiasm surrounding the Zero Food Waste effort in the future. Their goal is to establish a more appropriate and sustainable future for everyone by tackling challenges of food insecurity and fostering fair access to resources. They encourage people and communities to join the NAS Faculty's critical aim of reducing food waste as word of the project grows. We can eradicate food waste as a group and set the stage for future generations to live better, more sustainable lives. PDBY will provide updates on this innovative project.
On 10 April, PDBY spoke to the newly appointed member of the South African Law Reform Commission (SALRC), Dr Keneilwe Radebe. Dr Radebe is a lecturer for the Law Faculty at the University of Pretoria, with 13 years of experience to her name. She specialises in constitutional law and media law because she is passionate about people. She said, “I [give lectures on the Bill of Rights, which comes quite naturally to me.” She enjoys media law, as it can involve a lot of activism.
The SALRC is an independent body that conducts legal research on behalf of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. “Should there be an issue with regards to the law (for example, customary law), the commission may be requested to conduct [the relevant] research with the intention to best address it,” explained Dr Radebe. These requests are not limited to the minister of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development, as any other relevant stakeholder can make such requests too.
The legal research conducted under the SALRC is strictly independent, and there are different committees within the organisation, such as the working and advisory committees. In her new role as a commissioner, Dr Radebe will authorise the research being conducted. She may not be directly involved in the research side of the process, but she will provide people with the applicable guidance.
With this role added to her long list of responsibilities, Dr Radebe prioritises time management to ensure that she maintains discipline. When asked to provide two tips related to time management, she mentioned passion and patience: be patient with yourself and be passionate about doing tasks. “If you love something, you will make time for it,” she said. Appreciating where you are in your life makes you want to work smarter and harder to maintain it.
With her new role, Dr Radebe looks forward to being remembered as a commissioner who is passionate about the law and making it accessible to all. She advises students who aspire to be part of commissions like these that have a positive impact on the country to start small. Wherever you find yourself, try to do more than is expected of you, and expose yourself to the relevant opportunities in your areas of interest. She encourages students to capitalise on where they find themselves and to contribute wholeheartedly even with small tasks.
Dr Radebe said that before she was appointed as a commissioner, a thorough background check was conducted on her. For this reason, she warns students to be conscious of how they conduct themselves at all times. It is important to be respectful, especially on social media platforms, as this could work for or against an individual.
“I was rejected a lot of times,” Dr Radebe said. This has helped to build her independent and unique character, which is essential for a commissioner. She emphasised that though you will experience rejection and unpleasant seasons in life, you will benefit from hard work. As a final comment, Dr Rabede encouraged, “The students must know that it is possible, and [they should] remain humble and respectful in their career journey.”
Superheroes, special powers, space wars, strange life forms and numerous s-alliterations. Science fiction undoubtedly dominates pop culture. The craze of sci-fi shows, books and movies has been around in contemporary media for what feels like forever and seems to continue growing in popularity. Due to the accessibility of social media forums and special interest groups filled with science fiction patrons, the love of the genre is all over the internet. Whether you are a fan of sci-fi or not, the acclaim of books and movies like Dune, Star Wars and 3 Body Problem suggests that many are engaged and tuned in. How does sci-fi pull it off?
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, sci-fi, short for science fiction, is a genre of fiction “in which the setting and story feature hypothetical scientific or technological advances, the existence of alien life, space or time travel, etc.”. Work from the 1600s is regarded as the first ever science fiction novel, however, many believe that it was popularised by Mary Shelley, who published Frankenstein in 1818. The genre has come very far since then and continues to captivate millions of people through interesting renditions of life, technology, space, and more.
Why do people watch sci-fi?
It explores the what-ifs Isaac Asimov defined science fiction as
“the branch of literature that deals with the response of human beings to changes in the level of science and technology”. Sci-fi delves into scenarios that push the boundaries of our understanding, and it challenges not only conventional thinking but our daily realities. In this way, sci-fi gives people an escape through which they can explore worlds that they could not access otherwise. In some, technology has advanced beyond our wildest dreams and is either a friend or a foe. In others, humanity makes attempts to connect with extraterrestrial civilizations and succeeds, either to their benefit or detriment. Sci-fi encourages audiences to contemplate our potential futures and the implications of our actions.
It addresses contemporary issues
Nobel laureate JM Coetzee’s novel Waiting for the Barbarians – set in nowhere, nowhen – follows a civilization and its overlords in racial, economic and political ruin. In a paper titled “Science Fiction in South Africa”, Deidre C Byrne classed Coetzee’s novel as a work of speculative fabulation because under all the sci-fi elements, it presented the real crisis of racial tension in SA. Thus, this genre can be used as a device to represent real-world issues, raise awareness for them, and suggest their solutions.
It helps audiences build community By fostering shared experiences and sparking lively discussions among fans, the sci-fi
community might be tighter than the BeyHives and the Swifties combined. Whether through online forums like 4chan and Reddit, fan conventions such as Botcon, or social media groups like Sci-fi Geeks on Facebook, sci-fi enthusiasts know how to build a community. The sci-fi subreddit alone has 4.2 million followers, and fans dissect plot twists, discuss their own book or movie ideas, and talk about future storylines.
It makes for an interesting watch It has to! Most sci-fi books are well over 600 pages with multiple books in a series, and their movies tend to reach the threehour mark. Sci-fi blends multiple genres in a captivating way. From romantic subplots to layered, inter-dimensional comedy and thrilling action, sci-fi offers a diverse range of storytelling that keeps viewers entertained.
In the world of science fiction, imagination knows no bounds. From thrilling adventures to mind-bending mysteries, from Batman to Rick and Morty and Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century, it keeps us hooked with its endless possibilities. Whether we are fans or sceptics, one thing is certain: sci-fi has a way of capturing our imagination and leaving us wanting more every time.
It is easy to dismiss conspiracy theories as beliefs held by members of the paranoid tin-hat society; however, they are always a fun topic to bring up in a dead conversation. Is the moon landing real? Are Beyoncé and Taylor Swift the matriarchs of the Illuminati? Where is the real Kate Middleton? Conspiracy theories might be ramblings of madness, but they might also reveal something about our society.
According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, a conspiracy theory is “a theory that explains an event or set of circumstances as the result of a secret plot by usually powerful conspirators”. Conspiracy theories are offered as dark explanations for certain happenings in the world. Theorists often view space as the final frontier, and many theories are launched from there, with matters such as the moon landing, UFOs, aliens, or even the shape of the earth coming into question.
The recent total solar eclipse of 8 April created a nova-like explosion of new theories. The biggest theory is that the American government would take totalitarian control over the population during the eclipse, which would be easy considering the large area that was in the viewable zone. States and counties had prepared for the eclipse accordingly by declaring a state of emergency to coordinate more resources in case of disaster. As conspiracy theorists often turn to predictions of world domination anytime a big event happens, these emergency declarations were enough to launch their theories into full flight.
Unfortunately, this is not the craziest-sounding theory for the event. Some claimed that the Large Hadron Collider at CERN (European Organisation for Nuclear Research) was going to open portals to other dimensions. Of course, the usual end-of-days and apocalypse predictions were also floating around. Alas, the theories of diabolical organisations seemed to not have panned out as anticipated. But the question remains, what makes people believe in such theories in the first place?
Reasons behind the beliefs
Shauna Bowes, a doctoral student in clinical psychology, led a study analysing research about the reasons that people are drawn in by conspiracy theories. In this study, which was published in Psychological Bulletin, Bowes and her colleagues state that “most surveyed participants all over the world endorse at least one conspiracy theory”. (The tin-foil hat society might be closer than you think.) Bowes and her colleagues identify three main motivations why people find conspiracy theories appealing.
Firstly, conspiracy theorists may be driven by a need to understand a world that is unpredictable, chaotic and filled with ambiguous events. For example, some people could not accept that Princess Di’s death was just the tragic result of a drunk driving accident, she must have been assassinated. Death cannot be so senseless.
Secondly, conspiracy theories allow people to feel secure and in control, especially when facing an existential threat. Conspiracy theorists appreciate this security because they tend to be more cynical and regard the world as dangerous, unstable and threatening. For instance, to combat fears about the threat of cancer, some believe that a cure-all already exists but that Big Pharma is hiding this to protect their profits on chemo and other forms of treatment. This makes the theorists feel more in control of a feared illness because we actually do have the means to overcome this easily.
Thirdly, people use conspiracy theories to feel better about themselves and the group they belong to. According to Bowes and her colleagues, “ascribing blame to an outgroup for societal ills may reinforce notions that one’s ingroup is blameless and superior”. Take the theory that Bill Gates and groups such as the UN created the Coronavirus
as a form of population control. This gives people villains to blame for all the deaths and trauma that occurred, and it paints the general population, including the theorists, as the good guys who have suffered unjustly. Bowes also indicates that conspiracy theories can boost individuals’ self-image because they see themselves as superior to others who are blind to the “truth”. Non-believers are automatically placed in a separate, inferior group.
The world of conspiracy theories is a deep web of interlinked ideas which can involve anything from world control and the Illuminati to portals and other dimensions. The conspiracy theorist’s universe is a strange place to explore, with double negatives, manipulated facts and wild goose chases that leave the observer stuck in a complicated maze leading to a desired narrative. But for some, this universe makes perfect sense and helps them to find meaning in chaos, provides them with safety and a sense of control, and makes them feel superior. Unfortunately, or perhaps fortunately, most of these theories have been proven wrong ten times over. But maybe, somewhere out there, one might potentially be true. If not in this universe, perhaps in a parallel one…
With elections right around the corner, new voters may find themselves feeling extremely nervous and stressed. What do I take with me? Where am I supposed to go? Can I just close my eyes and pick a person at random? What is a politics?!
There is no need to be concerned, though. Voting is much more straightforward than you think.
Before the day
Make use of the voting station finder on the IEC website if you are not sure where you should go to vote (https://maps.elections.org. za/vsfinder/). Most voting stations will be in schools, churches, community centres or even sometimes in adapted vehicles. Make sure you have the correct address for your voting station and be sure to go on time, as stations are open from 07:00 to 21:00.
On the day
Take your identity document, proof of registration (if you registered recently), and a pen (just to be safe) with you. Just be prepared for the fact that queues may be quite long and you may have to stand around for several hours.
Here are some ways to fight the queue blues:
● If even the thought of standing for a really long time already makes your calves cramp, think about taking a camping chair along with you. If you do not mind sitting on the floor, though, maybe just leave the white pants or miniskirts for another day.
● Bring a book, magazine or some airpods with you and ensure your phone is fully charged.
● If you are more extroverted, feel free to strike up a conversation with the people around you to pass the time.
● Take a drink and some snacks with you as some line-standing sustenance. Hey, you can even bring a flask with you if you feel like putting the “party” in party politics. Just make sure you can still stand up straight when it is finally time to make your mark.
Once you make it inside the voting station, you will need to present your valid identification document (green barcoded ID book, smart-card ID or temporary ID certificate) to an election official who will scan said document and give you a slip confirming that you are a registered voter. They will tell you where to go from there and when it is your turn to enter the station.
After this, you will proceed to the voters’ roll table where an election official will check for your name and identity number on the segment of the national common voters' roll for that voting district and cross out your name. The official will then mark your thumb nail with a special ink which cannot be washed off for a few days.
An election official will hand you a ballot paper. Make sure there is a stamp on the back of your ballot papers to verify that they were issued to you on that Election Day. You will be directed to a voting booth where you will cast your vote with an X. Only make one clear mark. If you make a mistake, call an election official and request a new ballot. Once you have voted, fold your ballot in half and throw it into the ballot box.
And just like that, congratulations, you just voted! Results should be out within a fairly short period, but you can view the live results from the IEC website or listen to the radio for updates as the votes are counted.
Visual: Nicole Hagemann Gabriella van Niekerk & Karla van DykFrom aliens to battle spaceships and intergalactic wars, the world of sci-fi is bound only by the imagination of its creators. According to an article by Amanda Pagan on the New York Public Library’s website, science fiction uses scientific fact and theory for the basis of its speculative plots. While the genre hinges on the fantastical, it still loosely finds inspiration from real life, whether it be about other-worldly politics or romance. Naturally, the queer community would also want to be represented in the genre. In line with this edition’s theme, PDBY wanted to dive into the world of queer identity in the imaginative world of sci-fi.
While it is easy for most cishet people to dismiss the importance of representation, it plays a very important role in combating certain stereotypes surrounding the community. In an article titled “Queer representation in media: The good, the bad and the ugly”, Tessa Kaur details the various forms of negative representation: vilification of queer characters; token representation, where a queer character does not play a significant role in the plot but is just added for the sake of inclusivity; queerbaiting, which means including queer scenes between characters without providing any kind of evidence to confirm or deny it. Kaur also details the dangers of idealistic representation, which is set up in a made-up world where queer people experience little to no discrimination, and sob stories, which refers to realistic depictions of queer trauma.
But what she neglects to mention is how the queer community has grown rapidly tired of the “coming-out story”. While the coming-out story provides important insight into the queer experience and how scary it can be, after the 55th coming-out story, it becomes increasingly clear that the media only cares about this one aspect of queer identity. But queer people, and by extension queer characters, are not only their sexualities. So let’s dive into some characters!
Willow Rosenberg
Let’s start off with something tame: the cult classic, Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The story follows Buffy Summers, a teenage vampire slayer who moves with her mother to Sunnydale, a town infested with vampires. At Sunnydale High, Buffy meets best friends Willow Rosenberg and Xander Harris, who join her on her messy journey of identity discovery, with a sprinkle of vampire slaying.
Buffy’s best friend Willow is a character beloved by the queer because of her own journey of sexual discovery. When the gang finally goes to college, Willow starts to take an interest in, you guessed it, witchcraft! Subtlety went a long way in the 90s. And innuendo was the foundation of any show that wanted to include Uber characters. Initially, Willow first comes off as being heterosexual but eventually comes out as a lesbian after she falls for quiet fellow witch Tara Maclay. Importantly, in one of the earlier seasons when the gang is still in high school, Willow comes face to face with a queer version of herself (talk about major foreshadowing!).
Willow’s story is significant because she only discovers her sexuality a bit later on in life. While Buffy does not hinge on Willow’s sexuality, the show still focuses on the complicated lives of queer people, including their love lives. Willow’s sexuality is important because it is not her main or most interesting characteristic, as she still experiences issues with addiction and grief.
Next up, something a bit more modern: the show Sense8. Sense8 follows the story of eight individuals, all in different parts of the modern world, who are psychically connected to one another. The eight individuals must band together to protect themselves from those who believe them to be a threat. Nomi Marks is one of the first
realistic and normal portrayals of a transgender character. Normal in the sense that her identity has absolutely no effect on the story as a whole. In a world where queer stories mostly focus on the coming-out experience, it is refreshing to see the portrayal of the normal day-to-day experiences of queer characters.
Nomi’s representation is also very similar to Willow’s, just in a more modern context. One of the most important aspects of the show is that all these characters come from different walks of life and live in different countries, ranging from Nairobi to San Francisco and Mumbai. They are all regular people that have next to nothing in common. Nomi’s life not being central to the storyline solidifies the normalcy of her life. It is simple, ordinary representation that normalises the queer community and the lives they live.
The Orville is a comedy-drama about a space crew who are navigating the universe 400 years in the future. The Moclans are a race of aliens who only consist of one gender, male. Aboard the Orville, one Moclan couple is present, Klyden and Bortus. The culture of their mono-gender society is so strong that when Klyden and Bortus have a female child, which is unheard of in Moclan society, Bortus initially wants to change their child’s gender through surgery. But he is eventually swayed into allowing his child to grow as she is. This eventually becomes an issue for Klyden, and the two eventually end up having marital problems.
The Orville portrays a major issue surrounding transgender surgeries by turning it on its head and placing the same issue in an alternate scenario. Not only does it normalise same-sex relationships but also shows the intricacies of these issues that we are facing today.
Because sci-fi is built on exploration and imagination, it provides an ideal opportunity to explore the representation of queer characters in a positive and empowering way, beyond the coming-out story. Though queer representation in sci-fi and other genres still has a long road ahead, it is always evolving, with characters like Willow, Nomi and the Moclans serving as encouraging possibilities. So, may sci-fi live long and prosper as the genre continues its epic journey into the beyond.
Each year, when the university opens its doors to students, it also expects beings from beyond the stars. Students and faculty members alike prepare for an out-of-this-world experience unlike any other. Our UP campus is buzzing with excitement as we encounter a group of truly extraterrestrial visitors: alien exchange students from distant corners of the cosmos.
Picture this: you are cruising through the cosmos, exploring new galaxies, when suddenly, you stumble upon the vibrant blue planet known as Earth. Fascinated by its diverse cultures, stunning landscapes and intriguing academia, you decide to become an exchange student at the prestigious University of Pretoria. Sounds like a plot straight out of a sci-fi movie, right? Well, grab your ray guns and get ready to embark on the adventure of a lifetime!
Now, you may be wondering, “What does it take to become an alien exchange student at the University of Pretoria?” Fear not, aspiring cosmic scholars, for we have compiled a handy guide to help you navigate the application process:
Interstellar Visa: First things first, you will need to obtain a valid interstellar visa from your home planet’s embassy. This will allow you to travel far and wide across the galaxy. Be sure to check the visa requirements for Earth and submit all necessary documentation to avoid any delays you might encounter on your journey.
Language Proficiency: While English is the common language of the galaxy, it is always a good idea to brush up on your language skills before arriving on Earth. Whether you hail from the crystalline cities of Xandar (the regal seas of Zanzibar) or the swampy marshes of Dagobah (the colossal beauties of Switzerland), proficiency in English will ensure smooth communication with your human peers.
Academic Transcripts: Just like on your home planet, academic excellence is highly valued at the University of Pretoria. Be sure to submit your academic transcripts and provide proof of any extraterrestrial qualifications or achievements.
Cultural Adaptability: As you embark on your exchange journey, be prepared to embrace the diverse cultures and customs Earth has to offer, such as those found in South Africa. From sampling local delicacies (like biltong and boerewors) to participating in traditional South African dances, immersing yourself in the vibrant tapestry of diverse cultures Earth has to offer will enrich your exchange experience.
Sense of Adventure: Lastly, bring along your sense of adventure and curiosity as you set off on this cosmic journey. Whether you are exploring the sprawling campus of the University of Pretoria or embarking on weekend excursions to nearby attractions like the Cradle of Humankind, there is no shortage of exciting adventures to be had on Earth.
Applications for the University of Pretoria Alien Exchange Student programmes close on 30 September of the preceding academic year for Semester 1. For Semester 2, applications close on 31 March of the current academic year. UP is excited to welcome all prospective alien students and is sure that they will find this part of the galaxy welcoming.
The old adage goes: “Fear leads to anger, anger leads to hate, hate leads to suffering.” In the spirit of cooperation and understanding, our university has taken proactive measures to ensure a harmonious exchange between humans and aliens. Cultural sensitivity workshops, language immersion programmes and intergalactic friendship initiatives
have been implemented to facilitate meaningful interactions and foster mutual respect among all members of the campus community. By breaking down barriers and bridging the interstellar divide, we strive to create a campus environment where diversity is celebrated and unity prevails.
As the semester unfolds and friendships flourish across the cosmos, our university stands on the brink of a bright and promising future. With each passing day, we inch closer to a world where borders are blurred, differences are celebrated, and the stars themselves are our classroom. So as we take off on this intergalactic journey together, let us embrace the unknown with open minds and open hearts, for the universe is vast, and the possibilities are endless. Welcome, alien exchange students, to the adventure of a lifetime…
Tyler Perry poses the options in Don’t Look Up that “we can fuck or pray or…” as an asteroid makes its way to Earth, leaving viewers struck speechless. When the inevitable end is minutes away, what do you do? Behind the immersive special effects and otherworldly awe of science fiction (sci-fi) lies a specific aim: sci-fi positions viewers to think critically about the current state of the world. Sherryl Vint writes in her book on sci-fi genre theory, Science Fiction: A Guide for the Perplexed, that sci-fi is a “cultural mode” addressing the consequences of new science and technology. Vint highlights that despite the growing anxiety about an everchanging world, there is still a preoccupation with continuous technological evolution. The world is changing, and people are afraid, yet no one acts on this fear. This is where the sci-fi film comes into play, acting as a vehicle to move viewers into addressing this uncertainty.
Through the decades, apocalyptic sci-fi films have taken place in somewhat removed dystopias. As scary as an asteroid moving straight towards Earth in Armageddon was, it was okay because Bruce Willis was up in space blasting it to bits. And do not fret about zombie-like monsters plaguing New York City; Will Smith and his dog have everything under control. Sci-fi films never felt too close to home, and these scientific threats still remained fiction. However, sci-fi films have now become more direct. As seen in recent years with Covid, the growing strength of right-wing politics, and climate change, zombies and asteroids no longer hold the same fear factor as they once did. Life-altering threats to humanity are much closer to home You only need to watch some recent sci-fi films to see this.
Don’t Look Up (2021), directed by Adam McKay, merges old sci-fi conventions with the 21st-century way of life. As with many sci-fi films, an asteroid threatens life on Earth. What sets Don’t Look Up apart is its hair-raising portrayal of the similarities between the film and present day society. McKay uses multiple layers of satire to comment on the state of affairs in the modern world, such as bringing in famed actors like Meryl Streep to critique the current societal landscape. These well-known actors highlight serious issues through their performances, adding to the film's narrative. No one listens when two scientists try to warn the world of its impending doom – unless, of course, the message is delivered by a Hollywood star in a blockbuster film. McKay highlights how most people are so consumed by money, fame, and sensationalism that the idea of an asteroid heading for Earth becomes a hot topic to be milked for its apparent richness in resources. These ideas of exploitation, sensationalism and government control are not foreign to the history of humanity, definitely not as otherworldly as I Am Legend’s zombies. To a certain extent, this is comparable to our modern-day planet Earth.
The film ends with the asteroid colliding into Earth, followed by a montage of reactions by people across the globe. Then, the film focuses on the final meal Dr Mindy, the leading scientist, is having with his family and colleagues. They sit, eat and talk. All the while, people everywhere are running and screaming. Oceans and fire rage terror through cityscapes. McKay ties this all together with a calming but airy soundtrack piece. Through this chaotic doom, Dr Mindy has what can be seen as the most wholesome scene throughout the film. He states that they (referring to his family but also to
the greater world) had everything. The guests hold each other intimately with subtle glances across the table and gentle signs of affection. As the Earth comes to an end, this group of people make the decision to connect. You are struck by the finality of a scene that can only be described as overwhelmingly calm. Essentially, what saves them from suffering and possible sense of existentialism in the end is their ability to emotionally connect.
It is possible to draw similar caution from Sam Esmail’s Leave the World Behind (2023). This film, starring Julia Roberts and Ethan Hawke as Amanda and Clay Sandford, also showcases an apocalyptic end. The film follows the intertwining lives of two families as their environment is being attacked by unknown forces. Throughout the film, the cause of the catastrophic events is never clear; however, it is clear that if no one acts, terrible consequences will follow. The movie also drops subtle hints commenting on current cultural and political affairs. The Sandfords’ daughter, Rose, is an obsessive Friends fan, there are increasing racial tensions, and everyone gets extremely cranky when the internet cuts out – reflecting the personal and societal challenges faced by the characters in the film.
Again, Leave the World Behind does not have that congratulatory “they saved the day” ending. The film ends following the final actions of Rose, when she finds a bunker designed for an apocalypse and greedily indulges in its safety, instead of finding her family. She starts by chugging down cooldrink and eating excessively. In the bunker, Rose finds a DVD collection and watches the final episode of Friends “The Last One”. The film ends with Rose’s eyes glued to the television screen and the blaring sound of the Friends song. This ending is beyond absurd. As chaos ensues around her, Rose watches Friends. The ending has received heavy criticism, perhaps in shameful defence of the thought that entertainment and escapism, especially to younger generations, will be more appealing than survival in times of terror.
Through satire and popular culture references, sci-fi films have moved towards warning society about the damages that lack of connection, sensationalism and apathy can bring. The raw familiarity in newer sci-fi films begs for something to change in the current socio-political climate. Sci-fi is no longer an out-of-this-world phenomenon; it is here, sung in the opening lines of the Friends intro. This takes you back to Perry’s options about what you would do when the world is coming to an end. When doomsday arrives, how will you spend it?
Science fiction is a genre that delves deep into the realms of possibility and explores worlds in which scientific advancements shape the very fabric of existence. From reanimated corpses to interstellar travel and artificial intelligence, sci-fi paints a vivid picture of life as it would be, granted that some scientific premises were true. It can be difficult to navigate a vast universe filled with extraterrestrial life and technology. If you find yourself lost in the gripping reality of the science fiction universe, this crash course will simplify your journey. From the roots to the branches, science fiction has something for everyone.
The roots of science fiction trace back to the 19th century with Mary Shelley's seminal work, Frankenstein, which served as the genre's pioneering masterpiece. Frankenstein introduced the depiction of the mad scientist archetype, a trope that has since become a staple in science fiction and popular culture. Dr Victor Frankenstein's obsessive quest for knowledge and
the genre and inspire generations of writers and inventors. However, it was not until the advent of cinema in the early 20th century that sci-fi truly flourished. Films such as the iconic A Trip to the Moon attracted audiences with the use of creative narratives. The genre gained widespread recognition with ground-breaking films such as The Day the Earth Stood Still and the series The Twilight Zone, which captivated audiences with their blend of social commentary and imaginative storytelling.
But what truly defines sci-fi? For some, it is the exploration of hard science and technological innovation, as represented by Andy Weir's The Martian, which methodically details the challenges of surviving on Mars using real or near-future technology. Others prefer soft sci-fi, which delves into societal and interpersonal dynamics amidst fantastical settings.
The debate between "hard" and "soft" sci-fi continues to captivate fans and authors alike, with each side offering compelling arguments for their preferred approach. Regardless of classification, sci-fi remains a genre rich in diversity and boundless imagination.
For those looking to delve into the vast universe of sci-fi, there is no shortage of captivating works to explore. From classic novels like Isaac Asimov's Foundation series, to contemporary gems like NK Jemisin's The Broken Earth trilogy, there is something for every taste and interest. But let us not forget the cinematic wonders of sci-fi, with timeless classics like Blade Runner and modern masterpieces like Interstellar pushing the boundaries of visual storytelling.
In a world where the possibilities are only limited by imagination, science fiction continues to inspire and provoke thought. This genre invites audiences to ponder the mysteries of the cosmos and the boundless potential of human innovation. So, grab a book or fire up your streaming service of choice and embark on a journey to the far reaches of the imagination. The universe of sci-fi awaits, ready to charm all who dare to explore its infinite wonders!
Danielle Yeatman
Those living at the height of an empire are often the ones who experience the sorrow of its fall. When one gets lost in the bliss of a rise built on foundations that will one day be gone, the epic moment of removal is followed by a fatal plummet. Bloody and broken, one tries to rise again, fueled by nostalgia for the heights. Nostos, the Greek word for “return”, coupled with algos, translated to “suffering”, makes up nostalgia, the suffering caused by the persistent longing to return. Recollections of the early 2000s and its cinematic landscape are wrapped in nostalgia. Since then, the landscape of cinema has undergone significant transformation. Movie theatres and Videoramas have been replaced by laptop screens; weekly episodes have given way to streaming binges. To sustain a franchise through these unprecedented transformations is to sustain an empire through ever-changing citizens, laws, and politics.
Few would argue with the notion that Marvel Studios experienced the height of its empire during the early 2000s, built on the foundations of beloved characters. But in recent years, it seems that Marvel’s rise has come to an end. The gravity of recent decisions appears to be pulling Marvel towards the fall. With the support of its historical foundations now removed, fans are left wavering. It seems fans are moving away from Marvel’s gravitational pull, looking back nostalgically at Iron Man, Captain America, the Avengers, and other fallen soldiers who had become the heart of Marvel.
The foundation
Whether you love it or hate it, there is no escape from the force of the Marvel name. Only 16 years ago, Marvel Studios stumbled upon barren land, a world few travellers had explored before. At the same time, Detective Comics (better known as DC Comics) got to work. With comics in one hand and a video camera in the other, Marvel Studios created its empire, the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sending Iron Man (2008) out into the world. Iron Man was the first Marvel Comics superhero to come to life. It did not take long for the cynical, sarcastic, bad-boy-turned-good who saved the world in a high-tech suit to win the hearts of millions all over the world, earning a worldwide box office gross profit of $585.8 million.
The MCU basked in the glory of its creation. Iron Man became the foundational platform for securing the empire, allowing for the empire’s quick ascent into the cinematic world. Iron Man’s days of solitude quickly came to an end. During the same year as his film debut, MCU provided him with a little green buddy who has anger issues. Three years later, this feisty duo was introduced to a god of thunder with luscious hair and a separation anxiety-filled hammer – Thor took the empire to interplanetary heights. To provide some stability to this rowdy bunch, the MCU introduced Captain America as the rational and positive influence these heroes needed. These characters, and those introduced in their respective films, became the sturdy foundation of the MCU empire, the Avengers. In just 15 years, Marvel Studios’ 32 films grossed around $29 billion, making it more profitable than any other movie franchise in history.
The riveting adventures that the Avengers took part in culminated in 22 films. The Infinity Saga was broken down into key moments that took over a decade to bring together. At the height of its empire, Marvel assembled its foundations into a two-part series. Avengers: Infinity War saw Marvel’s finest come together to save the world from the latest galactic threat. Infinity War quickly became the Marvel empire’s greatest creation. With an 8.4 IMDb rating and $2.052 billion in hand, Marvel flew this rocketship straight to the end in Avengers: Endgame.
After the success of Infinity War, it was no surprise that audiences worldwide queued to see the finale. Filled with excitement and anticipation, audiences looked on as the story unfolded. Marvel’s tales of heroes and villains were, up until
that point, coated with the relief that good will always prevail. This is what audiences had come to anticipate, gathered in the cinema as they awaited Thanos’s defeat. For a whopping $2.798 billion, Marvel killed off two of its foundational characters, Iron Man and Black Widow. Left with shaky foundations, Marvel has developed various strategies to overcome the tumultuous reality over the last few years, but few have seemed to work. Iron Man foreshadowed this current downfall when he said, “Part of the journey is the end.”
instability
Looking back after the tsunami that was Avengers: Endgame, Marvel Studios and fans alike came to a grave realisation. In quick succession, Marvel had lost four of its biggest stars. Endgame saw the heroic deaths of Robert Downey Jr’s Iron Man and Scarlett Johansson’s Black Widow as well as the retirement of Chris Evans’s Captain America. While these fictional goodbyes were still in Marvel’s hands, it was not long after that the world was forced to say goodbye to Chadwick Boseman, the star in Black Panther. Boseman, who departed the world due to cancer, was set to become Marvel’s new foundation. Slated to star in Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, Boseman was Marvel’s plan for the future. Before Black Panther, with a box office of $1.346 billion in 2018, and Captain Marvel, $1.128 billion in 2019, not a single non-Iron Man or non-Spider Man MCU movie earned above $900 million. In 2019, Marvel’s empire stared into the abyss of the blank page as they realised their A-Team was gone.
Along with losing Iron Man, Captain America, and Black Panther, various other beloved heroes left the empire to see the world. Zoe Saldaña, the actress who brought life to the dark and fierce Gamora, announced her retirement from Guardians of the Galaxy. Shortly afterward, Tom Holland, our friendly neighbourhood Spider-Man, and Chris Hemsworth, the perfectly cast Thor, announced their plans to take a break from making movies. This left Marvel’s empire unstable at a critical time.
The raids
Marvel was forced to take on the three-fold raid without the foundation upon which it was built. The first raid will go down in Marvel history as “The Plague”, as the COVID-19 pandemic infiltrated cinemas and evicted Marvel’s life source: income. While Marvel was colluding with Disney, preparing its streaming strategy to defeat Covid, the second raid, “The Sanction”, was moving in.
A year into the pandemic and seemingly bored with all this lockdown business, China finally had time to think about the things that really matter in the world. After careful consideration, it settled on Marvel movies as the most pressing issue of the time, implementing a de facto ban on releasing any Marvel movies in Chinese theatres. While Chinese regulators never officially explained why the movies were banned, many believed it had something to do with the worsening trade wars between China and the United States, as well as President Xi Jinping’s nationalist policy and pet peeves with the Statue of Liberty. Paul Dergarabedian, a Comscore senior media analyst, explained this raid best when he said, “Marvel’s post-COVID earnings may represent the most striking example of the importance of China as a key movie market for the superhero genre.”
However, it has been over two years since “The Plague” withdrew its force and a little over a year since “The Sanction” unlocked its doors. How long can an empire blame its enemies for their past actions without acknowledging its own shortcomings?
Amid the two raids, the MCU empire signed a treaty with Disney, an empire that it believed would serve as a strong ally during such trying times. In 2021, Marvel premiered its Disney+ miniseries, which added to the storylines of the most beloved characters. This treaty started strong, with WandaVision providing Marvel with the monetary ammo it needed to see out the empire’s battles. However, as these releases drove over the speed limit and raced in one after the other, viewers began to feel bombarded with
copy-paste products. In the past five years, Marvel has released up to 20 projects, with another two dozen set to hit the screen by the end of this decade. It seems the empire is favouring quantity when replacing the foundations that it tore away.
Marvel lovers have started to criticise the repetitive formula of epic battles and a flood of new characters, plot threads, and timelines. The Eternals, featuring Marvel’s latest heroic entourage, was meant to launch a whole new universe of cosmically-minded storytelling. Yet even Angelina Jolie could not solidify the concept, and the film was so underwhelming that it is unclear if one will ever see those characters in a movie again (sadly including Harry Styles’s Starfox).
These allies, puzzled by their treaty’s ever-decreasing effectiveness, cannot solely blame superhero fatigue for the decreasing interest in the MCU. Sony’s animated Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse, which became Sony’s highest-grossing animated movie and the highest-grossing animated comic book movie ever, sold more tickets in the United States than Guardians of the Galaxy Volume 3 internationally. As the empire continued to descend, onlookers watched as the flood came their way. People seemed to be taking a closer look at the quality of the murky water, which was the direct result of underpayed visual effects artists.
Visual effects (VFX) artists have been the quintessential glue that has kept the MCU empire in one piece. When the concepts and characters fell short, the beauty of the visual effects and surroundings often softened the blow and made viewers more forgiving. In this light, it seems contradictory that Marvel pays their VFX artists 20% less than other movie studios. Marvel employees have reported working up to 16-hour shifts, skipping lunches and breaks to accomplish their tasks quickly. VFX artist Dhruv Govil, who previously worked on Guardians of the Galaxy and Spider-Man: Homecoming, took on the empire through Twitter (now known as X), launching a virtual strike. Govil spoke about his experience with the empire on Twitter: “Working on Marvel shows is what pushed me to leave the VFX industry. They are a horrible client, and I have seen way too many colleagues break down due to being overworked while Marvel tightens the purse strings.”
It seems incredibly counterproductive that when trying to rebuild its foundations, an empire chooses to smite the hand that created it. In September 2023, Marvel Studios VFX artists unanimously voted to unionise in response to the Disney+ workload piled into tight deadlines. Marvel itself can no longer ignore the issues with its quality control, and the latest episode of She-Hulk even explicitly critiques the tedious, ill-rendered CGI battles that have become a staple of the Marvel recipe.
It seems Marvel is learning from its miscalculated moves, as it will release only one film in 2024, Deadpool 3. Along with this, viewers will see a downturn in Disney+ television shows. Perhaps Marvel and Disney have realised that an increase in quantity decreases the value of the individual Marvel films and shows.
An empire is not built in a day. It takes years of hard work and innovation to establish itself. Similarly, an empire is not destroyed in a day – it takes dozens of misguided acts before it crumbles, leaving dust in the form of nostalgic films in its place. The mere notion of films taking place in the MCU is no longer enough. Many wonder whether audiences will care enough about another Blade film or the fourth attempt to turn the Fantastic Four into a franchise to solidify Marvel’s unstable empire. While Marvel may be undergoing a fall, it does not have to be its end. Restructuring foundations, investing time in planning and building materials, and considering the hands that lay down the bricks can go a long way. All that is left is to wait and see, to look nostalgically and optimistically on as the empire sways with the changing times.
Hello UP student, this is a safe place to shoot your shot at all those cute people you see around campus. Tell those people how you feel about them, hit on your crush or compliment a person on that outfit they were wearing the other day. Anything positive, really. Try to be as detailed and creative as possible with your description so it makes it easy for the person to identify themself. If both people agree, PDBY will arrange a meet up.
Do you think this is you?
Email: shootyourshot@pdby.co.za
To the guy in my PHY 114 class with the short hair (usually sitting in the first few rows). If I am not mistaken, you also have a macbook. You look like younger Chad Michael Murray. Just wanted to drop you a quick message to say that I think you’re absolutely adorable… it’s all just too cute to handle. Definitely my type ;)
To Kiara that’s studying first year law. In the bustling halls of our university, there’s a presence that radiates like a beacon of beauty and grace. Among the sea of faces yours stands out. I can get lost in your eyes that hold galaxies within and with each glance you captivate my soul. As I look at you in lecture halls my heart fills with hope that we can be together.
To the Sakura cosplayer who was at the Tuks Anime Society Picnic, I think you’re pretty cute and I’d love to get to know you since I never gave myself the chance to talk to you I’m the dude with the dreads
To the curlyhaired brunette in BSc. I love being your side-piece, but I want to be your main piece. Please let me be your little spoon.
To the guy in my GIS 310 class, Aser Moifo. I think you and I can make something special, I mean we both graduating soon, we can start a family together next?
To Cassavin, studying bcom informatics in my STK110 lecture, Your smile makes me weak in the knees. I think you deserve Everything good in life and I want to be the one to give it to you, all I need is the opportunity
To that one girl that’s trying to get into Actuarial Sciences in my WST 111 (Wednesday 16:30) class, yes you, with the goddess braids, I like you… like alottttt.
To the guy with the BMW motorbike who parks by Engineering 1. You were kind enough to let me try on your helmet but I embarrassed myself by not knowing how to put it on lol. Although we had a brief interaction, it truly made me smile. Like you said when we spoke, the helmet did sate my curiosity but now I’m curious about you. You seem really cool and I would love to get to know you better
To Mohale, you have the world’s softest lips and I miss them on my neck. Let me know when you’re down for another round. Xoxo
To the 5,10 stokey legged ginger I see in INL 110, I want you to ride me like the jockey you resemble I want to be your race horse at the Durban July, HMU you little Ginger Biscuit, xoxo marry me please
To the nerdy guy in computer engineering, your sarcastic comments always make my day. Computers aren’t the only things you’re turning on. think always so smart everytime just want your waist tle kiss. me.
To my WTW114 math tutor with the long dark hair AGAIN (part 2). I hope this message reaches you. I just had to express how much you amaze me every time we meet. Your ability to effortlessly tackle tough questions is truly impressive. Smart guys like you are exactly my type. Not only are you smart BUT You are SOOOOO CUTE! Whenever you say my name, my heart just melts. Honestly, when you’re teaching, I find it hard to focus on the work because all I can think about is you.
To the tall curly haired stallion Malachi Prigge, from APL 110, I always see you doing your economics work and I can’t help but stare at that gorgeous face and charming smile of yours.
To the 3 girls who sit at the front of my VDS 111 lecture, one with glasses, one with brown one with blond hair. You all caught my eye the moment you but I am waiting for you to come and take my heart completely.
Dear V, maybe one day we’ll get the timing right, and figure out how to be human and be good for each other... but for now I think I’m okay just liking the same shows. You’re dew on the fields of my heart, sunshine in the dead midwinter.
Thanks for the lift!
Ashania Chetty from my WTW 115 class... Last week you turned around and asked me for notes and I haven’t been able to get you out of my head... Give a guy a chance
To Collins, the engineering student. I am here to express my admiration for you. I have never spoken to you but I have seen you around multiple times. The first time I saw you, I heard your laugh from across the Aula grass lmao. You were with your friends and I was wondering what was so funny. Maybe sometime you can share some jokes with me during a nice coffee date?
To Euan, I saw you in the piazza in early March, I think you play soccer and you have braids and a goatee. You’re really cute and I think you were the reason I was crying when I was born.
To the beautiful brunette girl with round glasses and blonde highlights always sitting in the left back of my CHM171 class. Dr Saad can lecture theory as much as she wants but the only reason I come to class anyway is because of the chemistry between us <3.
Dear Sia (from my ENG 110 class), I think your answers in class are always so profound. You sound smart whenever you speak. And everytime I see you wear a crop top, I want to wrap my hands around waist and pull you in for a litkiss. I wish you would notice me. Make my dreams a reality?
To my husband (jordan)
To the guy with dark hair and thick eyebrows who comes to the monastery everyday in plakkies. I think your name is Ryan? You’re hotter than the chips at Monastery but I’m too scared to talk to you.
Dear Chris (2nd year Accounting Student with the brown curly hair and kind brown eyes)
Every time I come to uni I promise myself I will talk to you and introduce myself, but I chicken out when I see you. I might be delusional, but I sense you looking at me and I wish I had the guts to look back but I get so nervous that I just ignore you and don’t acknowledge you. I guess I just wanted to say that you’re really cute and I would love to get to know you?
Love - the girl who you keep looking at with the brown hair… xxx
To the tall engineering student I see walk in the Mining Study Centre (I found out your name is Sam, lol), I think you are really cute and handsome. And I don’t think I can talk about the things I want to do to you out loud, but just know you have a secret admirer and I would like to build up the courage to talk to you someday. I hope you do not have a girlfriend. If you do, I am willing to fight her for you! JK
To Joshua I think I’ve heard your friends calling you Dings. I sat behind you in STK 113 the other day. Your confidence and charisma always keeps me on my toes. The only reason I attend this lecture is to catch a glimpse of you and hear your voice. I purposefully make an effort to try and sit near you just so that you can gaze at you during the lecture. Xoxo
To the guy with the buzz that looks like Ronaldo that’s always near the law building. I enjoyed our hookup at the strip a few weeks ago. Round 2? I know you’re still thinking about me….
I saw you for the first time in my cos 132 lecture… Your long majestic hair and dashing looks captivated me SO much that I immediately declared you as my future husband. I SHALL NOT REST until you are mine. ps the girlfriend is NOT a deal breaker xxx of one brown and all have moment I saw one of
To my INF214 tutor Lieze, you are gorgeous. The Apple of my eye. Please leave your boys for me, an actual man. I can actually code.
Hey, to the cute guy I kissed at Jolly’s who’s apparently “too old for me”, very tall, dark hair, studies archeology I think and who’s name rhymes with “Commas”, and who I accidentally hit in the face when saying hello when I saw him a second time at Jolly’s, I’m shooting my shot here lol. #flyatUP
To Miss M, the lady in my engineering class.
I have had my eyes on you since 2023. And we have now been dating for a few months. This is not a “shoot your shot” but I just want to show you how much I love you. You are a very beautiful, intelligent and funny individual and you have inspired me to be the best version of myself. I pray that we continue to grow strong and that you also continue to blossom into the amazing woman that God has intended for you to be. I love you very much!
- Your boyfriend
Dino Rodriguez if you’ve got a girlfriend I’m jealous of her, but if you’re single it’s honestly worse. Because you’re so gorgeous it actually hurts!
Caeleb from BCM251. I sit behind you in class and long to run my hands through your curly hair. You are my dream man and I can’t stop thinking about you. Jirr I need you to be mine. I always see you drawing, do you want to recreate that scene from Titanic with me?
Dear Sia Your lovely personality and gorgeous eyes make me truly weak, your elegant dresses and unique sense of fashion is something I truly adore. I think about you all the time to the point where i can’t even concentrate in class anymore, I’ve never truly felt this about anyone else
To Realeboga Molabe, The girl of my dreams who studies BCom Accounting Science. I always catch a split second of your glance but I’d like to catch your gaze for a moment longer than glance. I really believe you are the woman for me
To the curly haired, tall and sexy man in my economics class. I can’t stop thinking about you and want to climb up your long legs to lock eyes with you, don’t forget what we nearly had and hit me up.
To the scruffy HC from the tower, I want you to lock me up like you were after that one night out
Fabio studying Bcom stats second year, I’m completely and utterly in love with you, I just want to make you mine. I think you’re the sexiest man alive and your curly brunette hair is adorable. Just come be mine you Italian stallion, I know you want to ;)
Welcome to the fascinating world of star signs. For centuries, human beings have often looked up to the stars to gain some insight and guidance in their lives. This practice seems to still live on, as these days everyone knows their sign and the general traits that are ascribed to them. It is not a rare sight to see Tuks students rummaging through the pages of PDBY to check out what strange advice the universe has for them this week. Within the realm of zodiac signs, many try to find answers on how the signs are determined and whether science and the universe were at fault for your Gemini ex cheating. In a world where technological advances are blurring the lines between science fact and science fiction, zodiac signs offer a perfect blend of the two. Zodiac signs use scientific knowledge about the stars position relative to the sun, moon, and planets, but people still question its scientific basis.
There exists a significant history where people have looked beyond the sky and into the stars to see plans for life and the future. Zodiac signs within astrology have formed part of many cultures that attempt to analyse the position of heavenly bodies. Eastern worlds like China would often use the sunspots and eclipses to determine whether their emperor was in a good or bad mood. The Babylonians in the Middle East stood by the belief that the stars and planets were an indication of where their God was in the sky. Additionally, the Egyptians had a great influence on the idea that patterns in the sky made up constellations, which ultimately led to the creation of what is known today as a zodiac sign.
The logic behind the creation of star signs was described by NASA as imagining “a straight line drawn from Earth through the Sun and out into space where the stars are”. This line then rotates as the Earth orbits the sun, pointing at certain stars throughout its orbit. The stars in front of or close to this line form the constellations known as the zodiac. The zodiac signs are determined by looking at the specific constellation pattern present
during one’s time of birth. For instance, if one was born between September 23 and October 22, the pattern of the stars in the sky during this time is known as the Libra constellation, and thus one’s zodiac sign would be Libra. It is believed that the Libra constellation resembles a scale and is thus a symbol of balance and justice. Following this, Libras are known for their good listening skills and impartiality.
However, the influence of a zodiac constellation on a person’s nature is regarded by many as simply a belief system and not scientific at all. Sociology Professor Nick Allum stated that numerous studies have debunked the legitimacy of zodiac signs correlating with personality. The only scientific part seems to do more with the movement of the heavenly bodies and less with the traits of the signs. Despite this, some people still believe in astrology as a scientific practice. An alternative perspective for the popular interest in zodiac signs could be the fact that it is neither rooted fully in science nor in fiction. It is science fiction. This perspective acknowledges the inherent nature of humans in using their existing knowledge to explain what they do not know. Zodiac signs in astrology hold a high value for many as they try to understand the unknown and live a life with hope and clarity.
Aquarius (20 January - 18 February)
The Aquarius constellation symbol is said to represent a “water bearer”, which is the translation of its Latin name. People born in this period are regarded as independent individuals who are creative and loyal. They are the attentive action-takers of the zodiac signs.
Gemini (21 May - 20 June)
The Gemini constellation is named after its two prominent twin stars: Castor and Pollux. People born at this time are believed to have a chameleon-like persona. They are versatile and can adapt to any situation. These individuals are inquisitive and have a love for intellectual conversations.
Libra (23 September - 22 October)
It is believed that the Libra constellation resembles a scale and is thus a symbol of balance and justice. As mentioned before, Libras
have excellent listening skills and can remain impartial. They tend to have a willingness to help others and are compassionate by nature.
Aries (21 March - 19 April)
The brightest star in the Aries constellation is called Hamal, which is Arabic for “sheep”, according to Britannica. The constellation is said to form the horns of a ram or goat. Individuals under this sign are regarded as being courageous and having a competitive nature. They are said to be analytic thinkers and are embracers of change.
Leo (23 July - 22 August)
The Leo constellation is the easiest one to spot in the sky, since its brightest star is the Al Geiba, which translates to “the lion’s mane”. Leo is represented by a lion and symbolises a bold, warm individual who is a natural leader. Leos are regarded as loyal and confident in who they are.
Sagittarius (22 November - 19 December)
The Sagittarius constellation resembles an archer drawing a bow, with its brightest star being the Epsilon Sagittarii. People with this zodiac sign are known for their honesty and passionate nature. They refuse to live by constraints and are natural rule breakers.
Taurus (20 April - 20 May)
The Taurus constellation comprises the Hyades star cluster, which aligns to form the head of a bull. The traits of a Taurus are believed to link to those of a bull: dependability, diligence, and stubbornness. The Taurus zodiac sign produces perfectionists that are wary of change.
Virgo (23 August - 22 September)
The Virgo constellation is one of the largest amongst the zodiacs. Its figure is aligned to form a stick figure, with the bright Spica star on one side and the Vindemiatrix star on the other. Virgos are regarded as loyal individuals who value practicality and logical thinking. They are wise, relaxed, and admire deep companionships.
Capricorn (22 December - 20 January)
Capricorns are represented by an animal that is a blend of a fish and a goat. Three bright stars form part of its constellation: Alpha-2 Capricorni, Beta Capricorni, and Omega Capricorni. The stars align to form a triangle and represent people who are practical and disciplined. Capricorns enjoy a disciplined life and are extremely responsible.
Pisces (19 February - 20 March)
Pisces are believed to be the dreamers of the zodiac community. With the Pisces constellation forming two fishes swimming in opposite directions, this is said to represent the zodiac being pulled between imagination and reality. Eta Piscium is the brightest star in the constellation, with the Circlet of Pisces being the most identifiable feature in the constellation. Pisces are believed to be sensitive, compassionate, and super creative.
Cancer (21 June - 22 July)
Cancers are represented by a crab, as the stars in their constellation form the rough shape of a sea creature. The prominent stars include Beta Cancri and Alpha Cancri. Individuals born in this period are known for their emotional nature and the value they place in strong relationships. Much like a crab, they have a dual function and can succeed in both the water and on shore. Cancers crave stability and are protective of their own wellbeing.
Scorpio (23 October - 21 November)
The Scorpio constellation is formed by several bright stars representing a scorpion. Some of these stars include Shaula, Lesath, and Antares, all contributing to the shape of the Scorpio constellation. Scorpios are said to be profound thinkers and are very passionate about what they do. Scorpio is Latin for “creature with the burning sting”, and many Scorpios are known for their sassy attitude and commanding spirit.
Science fiction, a realm where the boundaries of imagination are stretched beyond the stars, has captivated its audiences for generations. From the early works of visionary authors to the bustling subculture it has become today, the journey of science fiction is as fascinating as the worlds it creates. In the world we live in, one must find some sort of escape.
Science fiction’s roots delve deep into history, with its earliest examples found in the writings of ancient satirists such as Lucian. However, it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that the genre began to take shape, spurred on by the Industrial Revolution and the subsequent societal changes. Modern science fiction and its essential components originated with writers like HG Wells and Mary Shelley. These literary figures laid the groundwork for what would become a thriving literary genre that explores the themes of technological advancement, societal disruption, and the existential questions that accompany them.
Fast forward to the 21st century, and science fiction has now evolved far beyond its literary origins. The genre has become a cultural phenomenon, encompassing books, movies, television shows, video games, and more. The influence of science fiction can be seen in every aspect of popular culture, from blockbuster films to innovative technology. One of the most notable contributions to the world of science fiction is the annual Hugo Award. This award was named after Hugo Gernsback, often referred to as the father of science fiction. From inventing this genre in its literary form to predicting the invention of radar and television, Gernsback truly was a pioneer. The Hugo Award
celebrates the best of science fiction in literature, film, and art, and it honours the inventive minds that push past the boundaries of imagination.
When it comes to the most influential science fiction works, the list is as vast as the universe itself. From classic novels like Brave New World by Aldous Huxley to groundbreaking films like Blade Runner and Star Wars, science fiction has left a lasting mark on popular culture. These stories not only entertain but also provoke thought and inspire the latest ideas about the future of humanity.
For those looking to immerse themselves in the world of science fiction beyond the pages of a book or the screen of a movie theatre, there are countless opportunities to get involved. Clubs and groups exist in cities around the world, bringing together fans to discuss their favourite books, movies, and TV shows, as well as to participate in themed events and conventions. A quick Facebook search should do the trick. These clubs and groups provide a sense of community for enthusiasts, offering a space where they can share their passion with likeminded individuals, like the South African Science Fiction and Fantasy Club, more commonly known as SFFSA.
At its heart, science fiction transcends mere entertainment; it has become a vehicle for fostering genuine connections and embarking on exhilarating journeys of discovery. Whether you are a seasoned fan or just discovering the wonders of science fiction, joining a club or group can be a gateway to finding new friendships and endless adventures. Through discussions, events, and shared
experiences, members can delve deeper into the boundless realms of the imagination. Indeed, the allure of science fiction lies not only in its fantastical narratives but also in its ability to unite diverse individuals under a common passion.
As we continue to explore the uncharted territories of the human imagination, the journey of science fiction stands as a testament to our innate curiosity and our enduring quest for connection and adventure. From the visionary works of past authors to the vibrant community of fans and creators today, the journey of science fiction is one that promises to continue going fearlessly where no one has gone before.
When Mary Shelley penned down the words “It’s alive!” in her timeless novel Frankenstein, she was unaware of the cult classic she was breathing life into. The genre of science fiction (scifi) film enthusiasts obsess over today was brought to life when Victor Frankenstein played God by using science to create a gothic creature. Fast forward 200 years, and Shelley’s main themes live on in movie houses and bookstores.
The seed of this genre was planted by Shelley as she played with the idea of a creature being created through unorthodox scientific methods. These ideas only began to take root much later in the 20th century. Hugo Gernsback, an American publisher, popularised the world of sci-fi in his magazine Amazing Stories. This was the modern-day birth of Shelley’s whisperings. Known as the father of sci-fi, Gernsback opened the stage for sci-fi to be celebrated through the Hugo Awards. This award ceremony has been hosted annually since 1953 and honours
top sci-fi editors, writers, illustrators, films, and fanzines. The film industry jumped on the bandwagon in the mid-20th century as sci-fi sets popped up. Aliens, robots, time-travel machines, and spaceships were all getting a moment of limelight on planet Earth. From here on, it was lift-off. Sci-fi filtered out into all forms of media such as television, computer games, comics, collectors’ items, books, and websites.
Sci-fi is concerned with the impacts science and technology can have on society. As defined in the name, it deals with fiction that could be plausible as it is rooted in science. A little too much laboratory experimentation here and there could become catastrophically real if not practised with caution. The worlds created in sci-fi are either utopias or dystopias and are rooted in places familiar to viewers, making the scenario seem ever more real. These imagined worlds are brought to life with special effects that immerse viewers in a new reality, and the main themes include prophetic warnings, titanic disasters, strange voyages, and political agitation. Science is set up as the main cause of conflict, and tension is created through the characters’ responses to this. Often, the saving grace in sci-fi
is an emphasis on humanity. What distinct human attributes will overthrow the crushing effects of science and essentially save the day?
Influential individuals who have contributed to the genre include Mary Shelley and Hugo Gernsback, as well as writers such as HG Wells and Aldous Huxley. Shelley and Gernsback are the Victor Frankensteins of sci-fi. With Shelley’s thematic experimentation and Gernsback’s honorary celebrations, sci-fi was able to blossom into the film utopia it is today. This groundwork gave Wells the platform to radicalise the genre. He focused on aggressive satire and utopian political agendas, predicting technological destruction, and some of his notable works include The Invisible Man and The War of the Worlds. On the other hand, Huxley counteracted the utopias Wells wrote by using Brave New World. As a social satirist, Huxley commented on the dystopia the world had become after the catastrophe of the First World War. Brave New World placed fifth on the Modern Library ranking of the 100 Best English Novels of the 20th Century. Utopias and dystopias alike touched down on the world as radical change swept through the 20th and 21st centuries.
One of the earliest sci-fi novels is Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea: Exploration of the Unknown by Jules Verne, written in 1870. This novel follows the undersea adventures of the despotic Captain Nemo on the Nautilus. During this time, submarines were in the early stages of development, making this novel representative of vast utopian exploration. The novel inspired real-life scientists and explorers such as Ernest Shackleton and Jacques Cousteau to leap into deep-blue utopian waters. Shackleton led four expeditions to the Antarctic, and Cousteau co-invented the first underwater breathing apparatus, which led to the first underwater documentaries. Here, sci-fi paved the way for development and discovery.
A more dystopian world can be found in George Orwell’s 1984. Written in 1949 during the Cold War, Orwell zooms into a near-future Britain strangled by government monitoring. People are deprived of their individuality and freedom by a totalitarian party. One can only hope that Orwell does not serve as inspiration for developments in the same way Verne has.
A must-read in the sci-fi genre is, of course, The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams. Adams infuses the genre with humour through his satirical comments on the British space opera. He creates a parody with themes of rebellious technologies, time travel, galactic catastrophe, and cosmic bureaucracy.
Sci-fi made the greatest impact in film. James Cameron’s Terminator Two: Judgement Day stands as a sci-fi landmark in cinematic history. Cameron took immersive effects to a new level with heart-pounding action and gripping narration, which captured audiences worldwide. The film also birthed Arnold Schwarzenegger as the ultimate action hero. Following this was Jurassic Park, directed by Steven Spielberg. Here, prehistoric life was unveiled – in the flesh. The science used to clone dinosaur cells to create an amusement park goes dangerously wrong, and the storybook giants of childhood wreak very real havoc on visitors.
You cannot forget the timelessness of Keanu Reeves in The Matrix. This film explores the consequences of human bodies becoming obsolete while their minds are trapped in a simulated reality. The groundbreaking world of The Matrix blended visionary sensations through its use of martial arts choreography, bold visual effects, and gripping philosophical and existential themes.
Lastly, George Lucas’ unforgettable Star Wars: Episode IV: A New Hope can easily be seen as one of the most influential franchises in motion picture history. This space opera is set in a faraway galaxy, following the life of Luke Skywalker. His journey is set in motion when he needs to help save Princess Leia from the infamous Darth Vader during an interplanetary war. This is no doubt a cult classic.
Sci-fi also joined forces with animation in The Iron Giant and Ghost in the Shell. The Iron Giant centres on human attributes, bringing together a young boy and a benign alien in the form of a robot. Their friendship is one of innocence, sacrifice, and selflessness as the robot navigates his destiny. Mamoru Oshii’s Ghost in the Shell carries much more explicit themes, such as extreme violence and connections to tech porn. It follows the journey of a cyborg federal agent contemplating her own existence and how her life might change if she were to live according to more human attributes.
Television also explored the world of sci-fi through the Star Trek series created by Gene Roddenberry in the 1960s. This series takes place in the 23rd century and shows the journey of the USS Enterprise crew as they discover new civilisations in space. This is enabled by new technological advances that have been introduced to Earth by an advanced alien people called the Vulans. Although the series was cancelled because it received poor ratings, it has remained one of the most recognisable sci-fi brands in television history with its devoted Trekkie fans. Star Trek is sci-fi to the core with its aliens, immersive effects, and fictional world.
The world of sci-fi is even greater than the immersive utopias and dystopias it has created. This genre continues to influence multiple forms of modern media, and its legacy lives on in the characters of those such as Frankenstein, Darth Vader, and Captain Kirk. As every Star Wars fanatic states, “May the force be with you” as you delve into the rollercoaster utopia that is science fiction.
Stranger Things is a popular Netflix series following the lives of Eleven, Mike, and the gang as they navigate the supernatural world, trying to make sense of several inexplicable occurrences. The show includes classic elements of sci-fi genres, including a parallel dimension, coined the Upside-Down, and horrifying monsters known as Demogorgons. The series is praised for its fun, adventurous storyline and oh-so-delicious staple food: eggo waffles. With a diet consisting of 90% waffles, the gang is fuelled up for intense duels with the Demogorgons, this breakfast staple is sure to get you ready to ace those semester tests! These copycat eggo waffles are super yummy, light, and 100% Demogorgon-free (hopefully).
• 3 room-temperature eggs
• ½ cup of sour cream (Greek yoghurt works too)
• ¼ cup of granulated sugar
¼ cup of melted butter
1 teaspoon of vanilla extract
• ¾ cup of all-purpose flour
• ½ teaspoon of baking powder
Preheat a waffle machine while getting the batter ready. Whisk up the eggs, sour cream, sugar, butter, and vanilla extract in a large bowl.
Naudette Mukoni
This week, PDBY caught up with a BSc Real Estate student, Will Gillatt, who has really stepped up the on-campus fashion game! His love for street style, with a dab of sophistication, sees him cultivating some cool yet organic fashion looks.
Gillatt grabs his styling inspiration from the likes of Tyler the Creator and the contemporary minimalist brand About Blank on social media. Gillatt’s natural ability to incorporate different fashion genres into one cohesive look allows him to create ensembles that are ultimately unmatched and captivating. He prefers garments that are simple yet versatile and looks to places like Uniq, Baseline, and thrift stores to fulfil his wishes. Keeping it simple with a touch of flare is his go-to, which allows him to stay true to himself while still giving off an effortlessly cool vibe.
Gillatt is pictured below confidently wearing a pink button-up flannel with some cargo material jorts. He kept the rose theme prevalent by adding a red cap and opting for some pink shoes to tie the whole outfit together. His attention to detail and knack for effortlessly blending the shades of red and pink created a cool, clean, and Pinterest-worthy look.
Gillatt loves to try recent trends but always adds a personal touch to create an outfit that is authentic and personal. His head-on approach to styling and ability to create harmonious outfits are talents and skills many wish they could master.
Instagram:
Next up is Emily Wang, an International Honours student in Clothing Retail Management. This week’s style icon has mastered the art of blending various styles and ideas to create several looks that are timeless and captivating.
Having lived in Shanghai, Wang loves to incorporate elements of the city’s street styles into her outfits while still adding her own unique flair. She prefers a more feminine style but is never afraid to dabble in other fashion genres. In shopping, Wang looks to Lusi Zhao and Jennie Kim to help guide her choices, but her commitment to combating overconsumption sees her resorting to her own closet. She is attracted to pieces that are comfortable yet versatile, and she believes a pair of tailored black pleated trousers ticks both boxes.
Her outfit this week was a perfectly balanced campus outfit that incorporated a white coquette-style dress and some gorgeous black high-heeled boots. Paired with a black leather jacket with silver accents, the contrast between the dainty dress and the grungestyle accessories created a super cute, balanced look that stood as the perfect testament to the love of mixing and matching.
Her “try everything at least once” mindset has decorated her with years of experience in violin, classical ballet, and piano. Wang has also captained her softball team and travelled to Switzerland to represent North America in singing. It is obvious that her creative experiences have bled into her style, showing us what fashion looks like through her lens. With an enthusiasm for styling and a gogetter mindset, Wang is sure to have a big influence in the dynamic world of fashion!
Instagram and TikTok: @emilywangxo
Capricorn (December 22 - January 19):
Life may be changing faster than you can manage but release your inhibitions + feel the rain on your skin.
Aquarius (January 20 - February 18):
Sometimes growing up can mean going back to the past. Maybe something you left behind may be worth revisiting.
Pisces (February 19 - March 20):
Life is not as lonely as it may feel. Your friends love you.
Aries (March 21 - April 19):
Breaking the rules can be really fun (but maybe don’t be so obvious about it).
Taurus (April 20 - May 20):
A little bit of escapism is great; you can run away from your problems for a bit. Just make sure it doesn’t end up with your friends fishing your head out of a toilet bowl.
ALIAS BEN TEN DUNE FIREFLY FRINGE GIFTED HAVEN IMPERFECTS IZOMBIE LOKI MANIFEST MATRIX
SAMURAI JACK SEE SILO STAR WARS TERRA NOVA THE LISTENER THE MIST TITANS WALL E X FILES X MEN ZOO
Gemini (May 21 - June 20):
Go out and have a feral night for the plot – you need a little joy and excitement in your life.
Cancer (June 21 - July 22):
Buy some crystals and try some manifestations. Life might start getting better.
Leo (July 23 - August 22):
You’ve been awfully quiet – is everything okay at home?
Virgo (August 23 - September 22):
It is time to go out, smell the roses and realise that you are not the main character in everyone’s story.
Libra (September 23 - October 22):
This isn’t a buffet. Stop overloading your plate.
Scorpio (October 23 - November 21):
Don’t ditch your creative outlets because you think you’re too busy. It makes you grumpy.
Sagittarius (November 22 - December 21):
Go listen to The Tortured Poets Department. We have a feeling you’ll really resonate with the line “I cry a lot but I am so productive”.
Across
1. Raccoon-ish
Guardian of the Galaxy
7. Alternate dimension in Stranger Things
10. If there's something strange in your neighbourhood, who you gonna call?
12. The end of the world
15. The Mandalorian’s little green friend
18. Blue teenage mutant ninja turtle
19. Sci-fi subgenre powered by steam and cogs
20. Megamind’s archnemesis
2. Time machine/spacecraft in Doctor Who
3. Ben Ten’s cousin
4. Actress who plays Chani in Dune
5. Insect that is sure to survive any apocalypse
6. Hunger Games prequel The Ballad of ____ and Snakes
8. Lilo’s best friend
9. Solve the anagram for this Marvel superhero: FOX OR PRESS
11. Marshmallow-y robot in Big Hero 6
13. Human with robot body parts
14. Transport from one place to another without physically moving in the space between the two
16. Pink Powerpuff girl
17. Black Panther’s home country
Sandiswe Msibi & Micaela Wathen
We are all guilty of procrastinating when it comes to establishing a gym habit. Our attempt at “new year, new me” continues to fall through. Whether this is due to the temptation of Netflix and chill, the comfort of our beds, or the overwhelming workload of varsity life. There always seems to be something standing in the way of our fitness goals, especially with winter rolling in swiftly. But there is truly only one thing standing in the way – you.
So, here is why you should finally sign up for that gym membership you have been putting off for ages:
1. Tomorrow never comes:
We all keep saying, “I will start tomorrow.” However, tomorrow often turns into next week, then next month, and before you know it, next year. This challenge of merely starting can be linked to activating or initiating energy. In chemistry, initiating energy is the amount of energy required from reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. On a psychological level, it is merely the mental energy required to start something. This means that if there are many perceived mental barriers between where an individual is (lying in bed) at the current moment and where they want to be (the gym), it will be harder to start. So, sign the gym contract. Pack your gym bag the night before. Plan to walk or drive past the gym on your way home after classes. Or even start in your room with three exercises. This way your mind has less opportunities to perceive barriers between you and your fitness goals.
2. Preparing for your ‘hot girl’ summer:
This year, winter is rolling in faster than usual. It can be easy to take that as a sign to abandon all plans to get physically active and merely hibernate. However, we all have an aspirational dream body. It is easy to slip into the aesthetic idealisation of what it means to have your dream body. But what about your functional dream body? Do you aspire to run in the Comrades next year? Maybe you have always wanted to go on a rock climbing journey? Are you recovering from a surgery and trying to get back on your feet? Or maybe you simply want to climb the stairs of Thuto without feeling winded when you get to the top. This focus on being physically stronger or more flexible to cope with your daily activity is just as important as looking good in the mirror. Whatever your
goals might be, it is at your discretion to put in the effort to make those dreams a reality. So slip on your most oversized hoodie, your fuzziest pair of socks and get down to the gym. Remember, being a “hot girl” can mean whatever you want it to mean.
3. De-stress and feel your best: Academic responsibilities can cause a lot of stress, especially in the second quarter. However, the gym is not just about lifting weights, it is also a great way to blow off steam and clear your mind. According to an article by the Mayo Clinic, exercising releases endorphins, which are the feel good neurotransmitters in one’s brain that stimulate positive feelings. The same article also stated that because exercising demands so much focus, it detracts your attention from your life’s stressors, alleviating your mind from the negative impacts thereof. So next time you are feeling overwhelmed, lace up those sneakers and sweat it out.
4. Make some gym buddies: The gym is not just a place to work out – it is also a great place to meet new people. The mutual support of a gym buddy spotting you or high-fiving you after setting a new personal best is motivating. Who knows, you might even find your soulmate while you are there. Note, we said might, so do not come for PDBY if you do not, but you will more than likely find a community willing to support you on your fitness journey.
So there you have it, fellow procrastinators, no more excuses. Sign up at your nearest gym (cough cough – TuksGym) or set a home programme, grab your water bottle and get moving. Your future self waits for only one man – and that man is you.
Sandiswe Msibi
Winter is upon us, bringing with it the much-anticipated University Sport South Africa (USSA) tournaments. All over the nation student-athletes are gearing up to participate in a range of exciting sports competitions, from basketball 3x3 to badminton, squash, volleyball, hockey, and rugby 15s.
Basketball 3x3 on Home
Ground
The basketball 3x3 tournament requires a special notice, as this set of the competition will be taking place on our very own campus. This announcement came on the heels of UP-Tuks athletes’ remarkable success in the previous USSA competition across various sporting codes.
Impressive Performance at the Summer Edition
In December 2023, UP-Tuks athletes closed out the year with an impressive five USSA Championships titles. Notably, the TuksRoadRunning contingent dominated the USSA Cross Country
four gold, two silver, and three bronze.
The momentum continued across various sports disciplines, with the TuksFootball Women’s and Men’s teams emerging victorious
in their respective competitions. Cricket also witnessed UP-Tuks’ dominance as the cricket team claimed the coveted title of USSA Champions by defeating Northwest University in a thrilling final held in Cape Town.
The basketball court saw stellar performances from the TuksBasketball Women’s team, securing victory in the USSA 3x3 Basketball tournament. Meanwhile, their male counterparts finished third. In water polo, the UP teams displayed commendable resilience and skills. The TuksWaterpolo Women’s team achieved an admirable runner-up position, while the men’s team secured a third-place finish.
So, with these incredible results UP has set a personal bar for the upcoming USSA Championships in a number of sporting codes. As they prepare to participate in this year’s championships, we root for their continued success and look forward to witnessing positive results.
In a time where technology continues to push boundaries of what is possible, a new frontier in athleticism is emerging – the Exoskeleton Olympics.
The original development of this technology was for military and medical purposes. In the present, exoskeletons have undergone a remarkable evolution, whereby they have started making their mark in the world of sports. What began as bulky, inconvenient devices designed to assist soldiers and aid individuals with mobility impairments has evolved into sleek suits engineered to enhance human performance in athletic endeavours.
Advancements in exoskeleton designs have paved a way for the new era of athleticism. Engineers, along with researchers, have harnessed cutting-edge materials, biomechanics, and robotics to create exoskeletons that add on to human strength, endurance, and agility.
From lightweight carbon fibre frames to advanced sensor systems, these technological miracles of invention now enable athletes to push their physical limits like never before.
Athletes equipped with these mechanical suits can achieve extraordinary feats that were once deemed impossible. For example, the sprinting power reaches new levels of speed, towering obstacles are overcome with more ease than before, and weights are not as difficult to lift. On top of that, athletes surpass their previous limitations and redefine the boundaries of
A fatal accident had paralysed Adam Gorlitsky from the waist down due to a spinal injury, taking away his chance of ever walking again. After making the decision to use the “Rewalk Robotic Exoskeleton”, Gorlitsky broke the Guinness World Record for exoskeleton marathon walking. His story is one of those that highlight the importance of this technology in
As exoskeletons continue to evolve and multiply, the boundaries of what athletes can achieve will continue to expand. By harnessing the power of exoskeletons, athletes are overcoming limitations, pushing the limits of human performance, and inspiring future generations to reach new heights in the world of sports.
TUKS’ Swimming Team repreSenTS SoUTh africa aT 13Th african gameS
The key contributor during the competition was Catherine van Rensburg, a swimmer from UP’s very own watery depths. She won five individual medals, which was the most in the South African team. Talk about making a splash. Van Rensburg won a gold medal in the 400 m freestyle, 400 m individual medley, 800 m freestyle and 1500 m freestyle respectively, and a bronze in the 200m freestyle. Some of us cannot even run the said distances, and here she was swimming it with ease.
This display of athleticism from the South African team was impressive and inspiring. But even more amazing is having the privilege to share the grounds with a victor like Van Rensburg. We are extremely proud of her and have high hopes for her swimming career.
Virtual reality (VR) technology has risen above its origins as a mere gaming novelty, embarking on a transformative journey that has reshaped various industries. From the time it was invented, VR has evolved into a mega-technological tool with applications that go far beyond entertainment.
The inception of VR gaming dates back to the late 20th century when pioneering engineers, along with gaming developers, envisioned a new frontier in interactive entertainment. According to Andi Cross from Forbes, the first VR invention was created as early as 1968. Early versions of VR technology were basic and marked by bulky headsets and limited immersion of the main features. However, these infancy days laid the foundation for future innovations that we see and experience today, igniting a spark of creativity that would drive VR into the mainstream in no time.
The journey of VR gaming is accompanied by important milestones and technological breakthroughs that have revolutionised the technology. From the introduction of early prototypes to the development of sophisticated VR headsets, each advancement has pushed the boundaries of immersion and realism. Key milestones include the release of the Oculus Rift in 2016. These are the famous virtual goggles built with headphones and technology that allows the users to connect them to their computer. These glasses gave birth to a new era of consumer-grade VR experiences and the subsequent appreciation of VR content across gaming platforms.
One of the most compelling aspects of VR gaming is its ability to transport players into immersive virtual worlds. Developers have elevated this technology to create captivating experiences that blur the lines between reality and fiction. Today, some people who engage with the tool find themselves screaming for their lives while being "chased" by enemies. Or punching the air with the thought that they are in a real boxing match. Can we also talk about the graphics? They look too real these days. From exploring fantastical landscapes to engaging in adrenaline-pumping adventures, VR gaming now offers an unparalleled level of immersion that traditional gaming platforms cannot match.
Gone are the days of passive entertainment; VR gaming
invites players to become active participants in their own adventures. Fingers are no longer the only body parts required to game – the whole body comes to the party with this technology. This level of immersion fosters deeper engagement and emotional investment. It results in memorable gaming experiences, and trauma from the "monsters'' of course, that linger long after the headset is removed.
While VR continues to captivate the gaming audience worldwide, the impact of technology extends far beyond the realm of entertainment. Industries ranging from healthcare and education
to architecture and engineering have embraced the technology as a powerful tool for training, simulation and visualisation. For instance, medical students can now perform virtual surgeries, architects can design immersive building prototypes, and educators can create interactive learning experiences. The potential applications of VR is limited only by our imagination.
As VR continues to evolve and mature, its impact on various industries like those mentioned will only grow stronger, ushering in a new time of immersive experiences and endless possibilities. Technology never runs out of ideas.
After a long season in the Varsity Shield, UP-Tuks took on Varsity College on 26 April at home. This final would determine if they would make history as the only team to lift both the Varsity Cup and Varsity Shield trophies. This final was said to be a battle of Goliaths versus Davids: the fallen Varsity Cup champions, UP-Tuks, against the newcomers to the tournament, Varsity College.
The Tuks Titans (UP’s cheerleading squad) and the mascots from all the Shield teams opened the game with a vibrant ceremony. The Varsity Shield boasted all its bells and whistles, ensuring to be remembered as a tournament That Rocks despite being the little brother to the grand Varsity Cup.
The game kicked off with both sides eager to lift the trophy and the fans buzzing all around the stadium. UP-Tuks captain Ethan Berger scored the first try in the fifth minute of the match to open a Tuks-dominant first half. Varsity College played a fast game throughout. When the ball was in their possession, they were able to make speedy hand-offs and impressive dashes to gain territory in UP-Tuks’ half. However, the men in white were stronger in their defence and able to turn over possession frequently. The Stripe Generation pulled ahead in the first half by playing a physical game, scoring five tries and backing them with a few conversions. UP-Tuks overpowered the visitors in the scrums and were consistently able to get the ball over their scoring line after winning their lineouts. But Varsity College stuck to their blitz plays and, after a tough push, were able to score just before halftime, leaving the board at 38-7 to UP-Tuks.
At halftime the stadium burst into vibe central. A performance by the Tuks Titans was preceded by iconic segments such as building a Steers burger, a mini Suzuki race and the FNB dance off. The halftime break also gave the fans in the stands an opportunity to replenish their refreshments and stretch their legs. But many supporters remained planted in their seats, too engrossed in the final outcome and too nervous to lose their seats to other excited fans.
The second half was significantly more contested than the first. However, UP-Tuks remained the scoring side with a beautiful run by Bayanda Ngubane followed by another from Cayno February in the early minutes of the second half. Many of the plays from UP-Tuks’ side in the second half came as a mix of physical prowess and brilliant blitz runs such as that of Ambesa Zenzile in the 49th minute. Our home team sported both their agility and strength on the field with powerful defence and carries. Despite this, the Varsity College players were able to gain more ground this half. Varsity College’s Benjamin Field notably scored an 80-metre try to give the men in blue more points on the board. This would also be the visitors’ secondlast try of the game. The last one was scored by Michael Horak on a sneaky interception in the 73rd minute. In the final minutes, the visitors were outmuscled by UP-Tuks, who ultimately scored 15 tries to become the Varsity Shield champions. With an impressive score of 95-21, the Stripe Generation ploughed their way to victory.
Many will say it was a given that the Stripe Generation would come out of this tournament on top, but the victory was not simply handed to them. UP-Tuks are undefeated in the Shield and have made history in this tournament. After UP-Tuks’ victory in the semi-final, PDBY asked Bayanda Ngubane what he would attribute this season’s success to. He responded, “The pain we felt last year when we got relegated was the drive for us. [We wanted] to make sure we prepare ourselves well to be able to show the other institutions that we do not belong in this competition.” So, the season has come to an end, and the Stripe Generation have returned to their rightful place as contenders in the Varsity Cup.
Christiaan Steenekamp & Micaela Wathen
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to insert yourself into your favourite sci-fi universe? Into the barren wastelands of Fallout and Mad Max, or the futuristic cities in Ghost in the Shell and Arcane, or even the lonely vacuum of space in Interstellar? There is a vast number of universes you could enter, but there is a common theme among them: survival. The people in these realms are constantly fighting for their lives, whether it is Luke duelling Vader in Return of the Jedi, or the scientists attempting to outrun their Jurassic creations. Survival is the sport of the age across the many light years and galaxies of the sci-fi world. As a member of the sci-fi sphere, there are two main approaches to the sport of survival. Fight or flight.
Fight
There are multiple forms of combat in sci-fi media. The hand-to-hand close combat in Dune is taken from a real martial art known as eskrima. This weapon-based fighting style makes use of quick jabs to open up the opponent’s defence. It draws inspiration from many other martial arts like capoeira, judo and Filipino martial arts (kuntaw and silat).
Star Wars’s lightsaber duels are some of the most iconic standoffs in cinematic history. The duelling in this mammoth franchise comes in seven forms that all have different focuses. These forms are Shii-Cho, Masashi, Soresu, Ataru, Shien/ Djem So, Niman and Juyo. Each bears resemblance to original
sword-fighting styles such as fencing, longsword fighting and Japanese martial arts, just to name a few.
In terms of long-distance combat, the use of a gun or blaster is most common. The clone troopers from Star Wars, the fighter spaceships in Ender’s Game and the Men in Black agents all make use of some super advanced blaster technology to take down oncoming threats.
These are all skilled areas of fight which draw from ancient and current fighting techniques in the real world. They have been amped up and adjusted to suit the futuristic concepts of what humans imagine technology to look like in the year 5000. Therefore, they require some level of training or practice. But when born into a world where hypervigilance or battling for freedom and justice is the norm, it makes sense. Without a capability to strike back in the sci-fi realm you are on the losing team in the game of survival. If you cannot fight, you are left with one option to ensure survival. Run.
The truth is that not every individual is going to be a strong combatant. And not every enemy will be overcome through combat. Some of us would stand better chances by running for our lives and letting the big bad in the world just tire itself out chasing us. The chase is a combination of running distances. It is simultaneously about the mastery of sprints, running full speed over short distances, and long distance running, which
entails maintaining a consistent speed over a long period of time. Think of the quick dashes across the kitchen floor in Jurassic Park to evade raptors versus the long hauls across an engineered trap in The Maze Runner.
Only running, however, is not enough. Some level of parkour or free running ability is also required to move around obstacles as quickly as possible. So in many regards it is highly valuable to have some form of training in parkour, gymnastics or callisthenics – which focuses on flexibility, agility and balance. Just think of how the Grounders manoeuvre around the Undercity in Arcane
The thrill of sci-fi is rooted in the high stakes it maintains for its characters and its audience. The danger of AI that is no longer under human control, the uncertainty of a predatory alien life form, even the competition between human beings are all major points of conflict in sci-fi. These points give rise to the need for survival, which is played out like a game. In the Hunger Games, the people of the Capitol watch tributes kill each other like gladiators in a high-tech colosseum. In many ways, sci-fi media models this by making survival a sport for the viewer. We root for our favourite characters, who act as our teams of choice. And their victory is often determined by those two main approaches: to face it and fight or to drop it all and run. If you were inserted into this survival sport, which would you choose, and would you emerge victorious?
Micaela Wathen Visual: Nothando Mhaule