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quality of social services concerns many families. Immigration and threats to national identity can be important too. When asked to name the three most important problems facing the country, only 16% of Britons mention corruption and 23% of the French. Spain was exceptional because protest parties have made fighting corruption a major theme: 66% said it was a major problem there. When people cast their vote, they make a holistic judgment about the alternatives on the ballot before marking their preference for a party or candidate that they view positively or that they view as the lesser evil.
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