Challenges of Participation

change constantly for improvement and efficiency. Buick et al. (2015) mention that adaptability to change is essential for high performance. They emphasize clarity and purpose alignment and integration, mutuality and motivation, adaptability and progress. The change culture means a smooth transition to new technology without major disruptions in policy and processes. It also needs assurance to the employees that there will not be any change in the jobs.

DemocRacy in Human ResouRce management in tHe Public sectoR Globalization has facilitated the transition to democracies in many parts of the world. It also increases demands for democratization in the area of public personnel policies. One of the other issues in public sector human resource management is the establishment of democracy. The problem of democracy is common in many of the countries of the global South. Moreover, government services are prestigious and powerful in developing countries. So, it is crucial that the countries of the global South develop a policy of inclusiveness and equality. Klingner (1996), for example, emphasizes the importance of democratization in public personnel management in Central American republics. The important values of democracy, openness, equality, accountability, participation, responsiveness, individual liberty, due process and justice, are vitally related to human resource management. In the developed countries, the challenge is how to balance between different democratic values. In term of human resource management, a particular value may conflict with other values.

PRoceDuRal Justice The establishment of procedural justice is one of the major functions of human resources management. Procedural justice can be defined as the degree to which decision making is viewed as just and fair (Colquitt 2001; Lind and Tyler 1988). Procedural justice can involve how decisions are made and how people are treated (Blader and Tyler 2003). Procedural justice can involve participation in the decision-making process, safeguards in voicing concerns, and opportunities for appeal (Leventhal 1980). Fairness and judgment are the mechanisms by which people switch their actions or psychological orientation from individual to group mode