Centro de Lenguas Extranjeras Unidad Santo Tomás English Advanced III IA3A1516L-V Teacher: SANTIAGO AGUIRRE AVILÉS FINAL PROJECT TEAM 3
1st Publication November/December
Biography By Mixtli Martínez
Tesla’s Madness By Fabiola Ney
Stolen Invents made by Nikola Tesla By Alexandra Martínez
On the cover Nikola Tesla
The Current war: Edison vs Tesla
Staff writer Pedro Gómez Marbán Mario Alberto Ham Caballero Alexandra Itzel Martínez Baltazar Mixtli Fernanda Martínez Ortega José Carmen Melo Linares Fabiola Ney Rodríguez Gustavo Sánchez Sánchez Ernesto Salvador Zazueta Cruz
Editor
Pete Marbán
Carmen Melo
Inventions By Gustavo Sánchez
Ham
Fabz
Legacy By Carmen Melo & Pedro Marbán
Alex
Gustavo
Mixtli
Erenesto
Milza Lizeth González Villatoro
Creative Director Pedro Gómez Marbán
By Mario Ham & Ernesto Zazueta
Biography By Mixtli Martínez Nikola Tesla was born on July 10, 1856 in Smiljan, Lika, which was then part of the Austo-Hungarian Empire, region of Croatia. His father, Milutin Tesla was a Serbian Orthodox Priest and his mother Djuka Mandic was an inventor in her own right of household appliances.
In 1875, he went to Polytechnic School of Graz, Austria for a scholarship.
In 1861 he started the primary school at Smiljan, where he studied German, arithmetic and religion. In 1870, he travelled to Karlovac, Croatia, for go to the Real Gospic School, there he was influenced for his teacher of mathematics Martin Sekulic. Since he was kid, he showed talent with the mathematics. He graduated in 1873 and he back to his hometown.
In 1882, he entered to the Continental Edison Company in France to design and get better electric equipment. In June 1884, he travelled to New York City where he was hired to Thomas Edison to work in Edison Machine Works designing motors and generators, where he invented the induction motor and many devices whose operation was based in the used of rotating magnetic field.
During his first year he had the best ratings. At the final of his second year he lost the scholarship and left the school. He never graduated to university.
‘The present is theirs. The future for which I really worked, is mine!’ Nikola Tesla
‘The scientists of today THINK DEEPLY instead of CLEARLY.
One must BE SANE to think clearly, but one can THINK DEEPLY and BE QUITE INSANE’. Nikola Tesla
Tesla’s Madness By Fabiola Ney Of course, much like many other eccentric giga-geniuses and diabolical masterminds, Tesla was also completely insane. He was prone to nervous breakdowns, claimed to receive weird visions in the middle of the night, spoke to pigeons, and occasionally thought he was receiving electromagnetic signals from extraterrestrials on Mars. He was also obsessive-compulsive and hated round objects, human hair, jewelry, and anything that wasn't divisible by three. He was also asexual and celibate for his entire life. Basically, Nikola Tesla was the ultimate mad scientist, which is seriously awesome. Nikola Tesla was one of those super-genius bad asses whose intellect placed him dangerously on the precipice between "great scientific mind" and "utter madness". He held 700 patents at the time of his death, made groundbreaking discoveries in the fields of physics, robotics, steam turbine engineering,
and magnetism, and once melted one of his assistants' hands by overloading it with X-rays which isn't really scientific, but is still pretty cool. And honestly, if there were one man on this planet who was ever capable of single-handedly destroying the entire planet through his insane scientific discoveries, it was Tesla. That alone should qualify him as a pretty righteous badass.
Stolen Invents made by Nikola Tesla By Alexandra Martínez Tesla loved science but he looked at business with suspicion. This caused that many of his invents weren’t put under protection of patents and others were stolen without any kind of consideration. Here go eight things that Tesla discovered before anybody: Death’s Ray: A spectacular name for a spectacular thing. Death’s ray was a giant machinery which Tesla built for war endings. It hadn’t finished, even with the pressures that US government applied over Tesla. Advertising had defined as: A weapon of 60 million Volts able to kill around 300 km surrounded. AC current: This could be the most important Tesla’s discovery, the discussion that Tesla kept with Edison, is already known, and Tesla won when a current central was installed in the Niagara Falls. Since then, it is the method more used to commute the electricity where it is produced to where it is needed. Tesla coil: It is not very useful, but the teachers keep teaching it with didactic endings. It is based in the capacitor discharge that Lord Kelvin had discovered. It was created for transmit wirelessly energy. Mechanic Therapy is used in several areas of medicine and physiotherapy. Tesla discovered this machine accidentally, it increases the peristaltic moves in the digestive tract.
The radio: Probably the biggest theft that someone made to Tesla. It is said that Guglielmo Marconi was the inventor of this artifact, but actually, Nikola Tesla was the one who created the radio, and Marconi the one who played better, about 17 Tesla’s patents. Then Marconi was allied with Edison, and 1901 transmitted the letter S in Morse code.
I don’t care that
they STOLE my idea. I care that
they DON’T HAVE any of their OWN.
Nikola Tesla
The Current war: Edison vs Tesla By Mario Ham & Ernesto Zazueta Delve into a battle of wills between two brilliant minds: Eccentric genius Nikola Tesla enters a rivalry with Thomas Edison that will forever change the world. Edison is one of the world’s most prolific and wellknown inventors, developing the phonograph, the motion picture camera and the commercially viable electric lightbulb. With backing from some of the world’s wealthiest financiers, he sets out to one-up his invention by building an electric empire, using the power of direct current. But when his former assistant Tesla advocates for the use of a different kind of electric current, the two inventors go to war to determine who will power the world’s future. Starting in the late 1880s, Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla were embroiled in a battle now known as the War of the Currents. Edison developed direct current – current that runs continually in a single direction, like in a battery or a
fuel cell. During the early years of electricity, direct current (shorthanded as DC) was the standard in the U.S. But there was one problem. Direct current is not easily converted to higher or lower voltages and it was very difficult to transmit over distances without a significant loss of energy, and the inventor turned to a 28-year-old Serbian mathematician and engineer whom he’d recently hired at Edison Machine Works to help solve the problem. Nikola Tesla claimed that Edison
Edison, ‘The Business Man’
VS Tesla, ‘The Genius one’
Our greatest
weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to
succed is always to try
just one more time. Thomas A. Edison
even offered him significant compensation if he could design a more practical form of power transmission. Tesla accepted the challenge. With a background in mathematics that his inventor boss did not have, he set out to redesign Edison’s DC generators. The future of electric distribution, Tesla told Edison, was in alternating current—where highvoltage energy could be transmitted over long distances using lower current—miles beyond generating plants, allowing a much more efficient delivery system. Edison
dismissed Tesla’s ideas as “splendid” but “utterly impractical.” Tesla was crushed and claimed that Edison not only refused to consider AC power, but also declined to compensate him properly for his work. Tesla left Edison in 1885 and set out to raise capital on his own for Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing, even digging ditches for the Edison Company to pay his bills in the interim, until the industrialist George Westinghouse at Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, a believer in AC power, bought some of Tesla’s patents and set about commercializing the system so as to take electric light to something more than an urban luxury service. While Tesla’s ideas and ambitions might be brushed aside, Westinghouse had both ambition and capital, and Edison immediately recognized the threat to his business. Tesla believed that alternating current (or AC) was the solution to this problem. Alternating current reverses direction a certain number of times per second -- 60 in
Ever there’s a the U.S. -- and can be converted to different voltages relatively easily using a transformer. Edison, not wanting to lose the royalties he was earning from his direct current patents, began a campaign to discredit alternating current. He spread misinformation saying that alternating current was more dangerous, even going so far as to publicly electrocute stray animals using alternating current to prove his point. The Chicago World’s Fair -- also known as the World’s Columbian Exposition -- took place in 1893, at the height of the Current War. General Electric bid to electrify the fair using Edison’s direct current for $554,000, but lost to George Westinghouse, who said he could power the fair for only $399,000 using Tesla’s alternating current. That same year, the Niagara Falls Power Company decided to award Westinghouse -- who had licensed Tesla’s polyphase AC induction motor patent -- the contract to generate power from Niagara Falls. Although some doubted that the falls could power all
of Buffalo, New York, Tesla was convinced it could power not only Buffalo, but also the entire Eastern United States On Nov. 16, 1896, Buffalo was lit up by the alternating current from Niagara Falls. By this time General Electric had decided to jump on the alternating current train, too. It would appear that alternating current had all but obliterated direct current, but in recent years direct current has seen a bit of a renaissance. Today our electricity is still predominantly powered by alternating current, but
way to do it
BETTER. Find It! Thomas A. Edison
Einstein was once asked how it felt to be THE
SMARTEST MAN alive. Einstein’s reply was ‘I don’t know, you’ll have to ask Nikola Tesla’.
computers, LEDs, solar cells and electric vehicles all run on DC power. And methods are now available for converting direct current to higher and lower voltages. Since direct current is more stable, companies are
finding ways of using high voltage direct current (HVDC) to transport electricity long distances with less electricity loss. So it appears the War of the Currents may not be over yet. But instead of continuing in a heated AC vs. DC battle, it looks like the two currents will end up working parallel to each other in a sort of hybrid armistice.