Canine Nutrition Guide
Disclaimer This Pet Nutrition Systems Breed Specific Diet program pamphlet has been written to provide information about feeding your canine pet companion a species specific, breed specific diet. Every effort has been made to make this program pamphlet as complete and accurate as possible. There may be mistakes in content, grammar or typography. The author apologizes for this and hopes that you receive the information as it was intended.
This program pamphlet discusses
canine veterinary nutrition and the use of whole food diets planning – not as a replacement for the advice of a doctor. The purpose of the pamphlet is to point you in the right direction for the selecting the best diet and food for your pet companion The author and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this pamphlet.
The pamphlet is an
introduction to a larger program and the author and publisher suggest that you contact Pet Nutrition Systems for further information regarding diet planning, selection of a recipe/formulation and the proper use of the recipe for the best results. You are solely responsible for the voluntary use of the information in this program pamphlet. If you do not wish to be bound by the above, please do not continue reading this document.
I would like to take a moment of your time to introduce you to PNS. We are an innovative, Green, Pet Nutrition Service company whom specialize in combining bio-nutritional science, zoology and the culinary arts. We offer three programs that will add immediate value to your pets over all health and wellness. Pet Nutrition Systems, through our website, kiosks and retail store partnerships offer you; Veterinary Prescriptive Nutrition service, Breed Specific Diets and custom individualized diet planning. All three are rooted in our core concept that optimum health begins and ends with proper nutrition. Our major benefit to you is that we are a nutrition service provider. We design diets to heal, grow, nourish and extend life span on an individual pet basis. We are not bound by 10- 14 generic formulations for all dogs to fit into, one type/style of food preparation and we can create a diet with food around your price point and pet companion’s needs. In 2011 9% of all pet owners made food for their pets and 22% bought frozen raw food. These numbers are project to double 2014. There is a shift in the market that has gained traction and it is a health-oriented movement. In the next 2 years more the 4 in 10 people are going to be feeding something other than kibble and cans. (written in 2012)
PET NUTRITIONAL HEALTH The most noted Studies regarding “nutrient – cell & gene interactions” have proved very valuable in teaching us how to meet our pets nutritional requirements. These studies also show us how each nutrient work and how they affect cells and genes. Internationally known veterinary nutritionists have been practicing these fundamentals of canine nutrition for over 25 years. The satisfying of these nutrient-cell & gene interactions is needed to obtain and maintain optimum health for any breed or mixture of breed. The results of these studies combined years of clinical experience have helped treat pet companions whom are not responding well to allopathic medical intervention or are not thriving on a “one formula fit all breeds” diet. Pet Nutrition Systems understands that the nutrientcell/gene interactions are so precise that if the nutrients aren’t supplied in the precise quantity, by the correct source and in the exact concentration the gene systems will not be activated. This means the gene systems involved in health maintenance, disease prevention and cellular rejuvenation are turned on by the correct amount of nutrients and turned off by the lack of enough nutrients. It is a precise science! Processed kibble, canned food and any one diet fits all dogs raw diet or formulation cannot and do not deliver all the nutrients in the right combinations for the unique individual requirements of your pet.
The sources of these nutrients are as important as their bioavailability and the concentration they are delivered. A great ingredient list and the cleanest USDA approved factory mean nothing without the correct formulation for your individual breed of pet. Without the correct formulation your pet(s) become vulnerable to allergies, immune deficiency illness or disease and a shortened life span.
CREATING THE BEST DIET FOR YOUR PET Our client s are assured that their pet’s body’s needs for sustain optimum health are being provided for. Pet Nutrition Systems helps you, help your pet to recover and regenerate muscle tissues, organs and maintain good cellular growth. Proper nutrition is the best way to empower your pet. The average pet food buyer is lead to believe that reading the ingredient list is the best way to determine what is the best food. Here are the four most important categories to judge your pet’s food by:
FORM How your pet’s food is made is equally as important as is the quality of ingredients used. The trend in modern RAW frozen pet food manufacturing is to have machines process water, meat and vegetables into a slurry that is forced into hotdog and sausage casings or formed into tubes to be cut into round medallions. This is not the
best way to assure the bioavailability of your pet’s meals. At PNS each ingredient is prepared independently and properly to provide the maximum bioavailability and optimum absorption of all nutrients in each formulation.
BALANCE No one nutrient can work by itself. It needs a least one other nutrient to help it perform its task. Too much of the complementing nutrient and it may cancel its effect and to little will not allow it to work. As stated before each breed of dog, each stage of life requires a different nutrient requirement. No two breeds or stage of life have the same nutritional requirement for any one nutrient. One breed may need a minimum of 60% lean meat protein and another 45% of a fatty protein source. When either the protein levels or the nutrient levels are out of balance there is a risk of that pet’s genetic systems malfunctioning. 0ver 95% of all frozen, Raw, canned and bagged pet food is out of balance.
POTENCY The most respect veterinary nutritionist all agree that the nutrient levels of each formulation must provide the maximum level of essential nutrition or the animal will have to get too many empty calories and run the risk of obesity. This is very common in today’s pet population.
FRESSNESS Once food is prepared it starts losing its potency, available nutrients and freshness. There are three ways in-which food loses its nutrient
value: Heat, Light and Air. When choosing frozen fish or meat would you rather that it be stored in a plastic bag where it could develop freezer burn or vacuum sealed? Would you prefer that your meals be dehydrated, freeze-dried, pelletized or non-processed whole food? PNS meals are protected by being vacuum-sealed, and wrapped in freezer butcher-block paper to shield the all food from air, light and variations in temperature. When comparing food of any type one must consider the following categories: Bioavailability of the product, Formulation, Quality of the Ingredients, Method of Processing and Freshness.
WHAT IS THE INDUSTRY STANDARD? AAFCO review of a pet food is strictly voluntary. Just because a product says "formulated to meet the minimum requirements & nutritional levels established by the AAFCO" does not mean its was approved by the AAFCO or that it underwent feeding trials. The same can be said for the claim of “Balance and Complete.� The AAFCO represents agricultural interests with products to sell - not the interests of pet owners, veterinarians or pets. Although your dog can survive on an all-meat diet with a small amount of vegetable and fruit added, this type of diet will not achieve or sustain optimum health.
Most breeds of dog were developed and have evolved eating along side of humans. For hundreds of years their DNA and genetic structure has been molded by the ancestral foods of their region of origin. What their body craves are the nutrients from the foods that they were fed for most of their breed’s development. Each individual breed of dog lived and thrived on what they were fed by those they lived with. Each breed development and evolved on a diet that was rich in nutrients provided by those regional vegetables, grains, fruits and land & water animal protein which were native to the region of their development. The theory that all dogs were wild and ate from fresh kills is false. The Chihuahua, Yorkie, Cocker Spaniel, Doberman, Irish Setter, etc were man made breeds developed over years by selective breeding and were not wild beast living on fresh kill. The herding, hunting, sporting, guarding and ornamental breeds were not wolf like in their eating habits. The definitive study on this was done in 1974 with revisions made in 1978, 1985 and 2001 called “The Nutritional Requirements of Dogs: For Growth and maintenance by the Nation Research Council. The 1985 revision made use of a number of multi breed research studies that led the committee to proclaim that different breeds of dogs have different nutritional requirements due to where and how the specific breeds evolved.
The National Research Council's report made use of the hundreds of Research studies from veterinary medicine Universities, dog food companies and independent laboratories. Many of these studies gave report to individual nutrients found to be essential in the canine diet, i.e.; vitamin A, calcium, copper, etc. With each research study that used two or more breeds it was shown that there were nutritional differences between each breed. In fact not one research study cited showed any two breeds to have the same nutritional requirements for any one nutrient.
This is why a “one formula fits all breeds� food is substandard, non-balanced and incomplete. Samples of specific research confirming breed specific nutritional Differences in dogs:
1. Specific testing showed that food energy requirements of Yorkshire Terriers are different from those of a Pomeranians per Kilogram of body weight.
2. Testing on the Golden Retriever showed that it required a higher amount of the essential amino acid Methionine than a Labrador per Kilogram of body weight.
3. Testing on the Irish Setter showed a different requirement for zinc than the amount required by an English Setter per Kilogram of body weight.
4. Testing to establish the requirements for vitamin A showed that the Poodle puppy, German Shepherd puppy, and Labrador puppy all had different reactions to the same dosage of this one nutrient.
5. Testing for vitamin D requirements showed that the Collie and the Great Dane both need from nine to ten times as much as the Fox Terrier per Kilogram of body weight.
How
much
protein
does
my
dog
need?
!Protein
requirements vary from breed to breed and can vary greatly during the rapid growth stages and for elderly animals with compromised kidneys. As a general rule, the AVMA recommend the following levels of protein for the average dog.
Keep in mind that the protein level shown on the bag does not indicate the percentage of digestible protein, just the overall protein content. In quality foods, digestibility is between
70
and
80%.
In
lesser-quality
digestibility could drop to 60% or less.
foods,
the
DAILY RECOMMENDED ALLOWANCES FOR VITAMINS Function
Function
Daily Need
Daily Need
Signs of Deficiency
Signs of Deficiency
Function
Daily Need
Signs of Deficiency
Function
Daily Need
Signs of Deficiency
Australian Cattle Dog Breed Nutrient Requirement
Beagle Breed Specific Nutrient Requirements
The Goals of Nutrition Internet search for information regarding pet nutrition and there is an overwhelming amount of misleading information with very little facts or clinical studies supporting these claims. For the average pet owner it is nearly impossible to decipher the truth from fiction. Therapeutic bio-Nutrition is broadly defined as the use of nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, essential fatty acids, cofactors, enzymes, anti-oxidants, and phytonutrients, to support the body’s immune and healing systems, thereby altering the course and outcome of a disease process. It can be used as a preventative, or can be used as a therapy. It does not focus on food types, calories nor minimum daily requirements, but rather on metabolic and physiological effects of foods on the body’s healing and immune systems. Unlike drugs, nutritional products are not designed to address symptoms or diseases, they are designed to “feed” and “fuel” the cells of the body, using or calling upon the cells’ inherent ability to heal and achieve wellness. The goals of therapeutic nutrition fall within 3 broad categories, which directly help to enhance wellness. * The supply needs bio-nutrients to engage & support the genetic systems * The management of energy and body weight * The elimination of toxins
Dr. Selmer has affirmed that optimum nutrition helps slow the onset and progression of chronic disease because it restores balance and promotes healing by supporting the metabolic pathways that energize the healing system. In addition, it helps reduce the inflammation that predisposes an animal to disease. Its use, either alone or in combination with appropriate medication, contributes to the day-to-day wellness of the animal. “There are a lot of important factors in keeping a pet healthy, and many are interdependent,” says Richard Hill, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, professor of small animal internal medicine at the University of Florida in Gainesville. “Nutrition is very important in this respect, as it affects other aspects of overall health. For example, vaccinations are important to help prevent certain infectious diseases in pets. In order for vaccinations to be most effective, the pet needs to have a healthy immune system. Certain nutrients like vitamin C, vitamin E, lutein and taurine act as antioxidants and help reduce damage to the cells of the immune system, improving function. Thus, nutrition plays a role in disease prevention.” “Some therapeutic diets have a nutritional profile that would not be ideal for a healthy pet, but since they are only used under the supervision of veterinarian, misuse is not common.”
NUTRITIONAL TEAMWORK When inspecting each essential nutrient in a dog's diet, it is very important to look at the other nutrients they affect or that affect them. The nutrients that work together are the NUTRITIONAL TEAMS. We all recognize the teamwork between water and solid foods in the dog's diet. If either one is not present, we know the result will be death due to a lack of an essential part of the dog's diet. On the other hand, if we present any one part of the team in quantities that are too far out of proportion to the other parts, we can
have the same disastrous results. Balancing all the parts of a nutritional team is the most important factor for formulating a proper diet for any dog. The complete nutritional team for canine nutrition consists of solids and liquids. These can be broken down to include: protein, vitamins, minerals, trace minerals, enzymes, fiber, fatty acids, carbohydrates, bacteria, and water. Then each part of the complete nutritional team can be broken down into a team of its own. Science has proven that no two breeds have the same nutritional requirements for any one nutrient. To truly meet your pet Dachshund nutritional needs you must learn what the unique nutrient requirements of your breed are, (or mixture of breeds) Consider their individual needs, than learn how much of each of the 18 major nutrients groups are required and finally, discover which natural or organic whole food should be used to satisfy these needs. Each nutrient's job is to turn on a particular genetic system in your pet's body. This is called Nutrient - gene interaction. If the right amount of bio-available nutrients are supplied to the crucial genetic systems like the immune system they will work correctly, if not they are not turned on and too much will shut the system down. This is why a “one food fits all breeds� way of feeding is not optimal and may be detrimental to most dogs over all health. (Read: PNS Nutrient Team Work)
NUTRIENT TEAMWORK Protein team: Protein consists of building blocks called amino acids. It is the balance of ten specific amino acids that give dietary protein its bionutritive value. The ten essential amino acids are; Valine, Leucine, Isoeucine, Threonine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Histidine, Argine, and Lysine. All ten of these must be present within
the protein for a dog to receive any use of the protein at all. Other amino acids that are considered non essential amino acids are; Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glysine, Proline, Serine and Tyrosine. The non-essential amino acids can be produced by the dog (in vivo) and therefore are not required in the dog's bulk food intake. The essential amino acids are the ones that must be in their food. Vitamin team: There are three types of vitamins required for proper canine nutrition: The water soluble vitamins of B-1, B-2, B-6, B-12, niacin or niacinamide, biotin, folic acid, d-calcium pantothenate, and para amino benzoic acid; The fat soluble vitamins of A, D, and E; and those vitamins like C and K that can be produced by the dog (in vivo) and therefore are not required in the dog's bulk food intake. I also include the nutrients of choline and inositol within the B complex vitamin team. These two nutrients are not considered vitamins. However, they work directly with the water soluble B vitamins and are so closely related that I place them in the same team. Mineral team: The minerals essential for canine nutrition consist of Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium, Manganese, Iron, Copper, Iodine, Selenium, and Zinc. The common practice of adding one team member (Calcium) to a dog's diet by pet owners often produces the best example of the danger of imbalancing a nutritional team. This practice provides quantities of calcium that are too far out of proportion to the other team members. There have been many studies done that show adding calcium without the proper balance of the rest of its team mates can deform the skeletal structure in puppies. These studies are those most often used by nutritionists working for dog food companies to show the dangers of supplementing their "balanced" all- breed dog food. This team is also directly linked to the vitamins that are fat soluble and the balance between these two teams is extremely important.
Trace mineral team: This team is directly related to both the mineral and vitamin teams. The trace mineral team consists of; Cobalt, Molybdenum, Copper, Fluorine, Iron, Arsenic, Magnesium, Zinc, Chromium, and Manganese. As you can see, many trace minerals appear to be the same as those listed as minerals. The main difference between those with the same name but found in a different category is their molecular configuration. Due to the unique molecular configuration of trace minerals they are very fragile. For example; the simple stone grinding process of wheat flour can cause from 70% to 90% of the natural trace mineral Iron to be destroyed. However, the same process would have little effect on the mineral form of Iron. Enzyme team: The enzyme team consists of Lypase, Amylase, and Trypsin. The dog's Pancreas secretes these enzymes into the intestines where they perform their team functions. Enzymes, like the nonessential amino acids of proteins that are produced by the dog in vivo, are not required in a healthy dog's bulk food intake. However, when supplemental enzymes are required, it is very important that they are manufactured in such a manner as to be released in the proper place within the dog's digestive system. The pancreas secretes its digestive enzymes into the digestive system when the food has already been exposed to several other digestive processes. By the time the food is exposed to the enzymes, the teeth have torn the food into smaller size, the acids and bacteria of the digestive system have started their work on the food, and so forth. Enzymes have very specific duties to perform, and as with all digestive functions, there is a proper time and place for each specific function. When supplemental enzymes are introduced into the digestive process in the wrong place, they can interfere with the functions of individual nutrients or other nutritional teams.
Fiber team: The fiber team is one of those teams that is often overlooked. However, the work it performs plays a major function in canine nutrition. Fiber is responsible for slowing the food's movement throughout the digestive system, thus allowing each part of that system the time to perform its function properly. Also fiber and bacteria join in the dogs gut to produce vitamin K. One important thing to consider with fiber is how it differs by source. A wild carnivore may add fiber to its diet by eating the bark of a tree or grasses such as wheat or oats. The major differences here would be that tree bark will not swell in the gut like oats. Oats can swell up to ten times in size when they come into contact with a canine's gastric juices. Note: swelling of fiber can cause a problem if there are large quantities of this fiber from the wrong source in the dog's dietary intake. The swelling can produce a bulk within the intestine, which can impact the system. On the other hand, some sources of fiber that do not swell, like that from tree bark, may not allow the proper growth of bacteria in a dog's gut for that dog's in vivo production of vitamin K. It is very important to match the fiber source in the dietary intake of a dog with sources found in the breed's native environment. Fatty acid team: There are three fatty acids a dog must have to be able to produce the arachidonic acids that its body requires. The three fatty acids are: Oleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, and Linoleic Acid. All three are found together in any natural source containing what is called the AlphaLinolenate family. The classic symptom of a fatty acid deficiency is a dry and brittle coat. The breeds that produce skin oils also will require a different balance of this team than those breeds that do not produce skin oils. The fatty acid team should not be confused with "fat", which is more a source of nutritional carbohydrates. However, some types of animal fats do contain both carbohydrates and small amounts of the fatty acids. Vegetables and grains such as wheat bran, corn, linseed, or soy beans normally contain the highest concentrations of the AlphaLinolenate family.
Carbohydrate team: Carbohydrate requirements change at very specific times in a dog's life cycle and in times of stress or work. Canines cannot "carbohydrate stack" (store carbohydrates for energy) as humans can, but they turn carbohydrates from the dietary intake into instant energy. Puppies and geriatric dogs should receive much of their energy from high carbohydrate food rather than from high protein food. Dogs convert high carbohydrate food into energy in a short time after ingesting it. They will need to be fed more often during the day to maintain proper energy levels. Also, in the time of lactation, the bitch will turn some carbohydrates into a very special form of milk sugars for her puppies' energy requirements. Producing energy from dietary carbohydrates can be much easier on the dog's body than the process of producing energy from protein. Protein must be stored in muscle tissue and then withdrawn for conversion into energy. Bacteria team: Like fiber, bacteria is a part of canine nutrition too often taken for granted. A wild carnivore will often bury its kill, after eating the guts (high in bacteria content), to let the carcass rot prior to eating it. This rotting is nothing more than allowing bacteria to break down the muscle tissue to make it more digestible. The bacteria team also works very closely with the fiber team within the digestive system to develop and grow cultures. These cultures in turn produce vitamin K in the dog's gut. New research is now being done with bacteria to study its role in canine nutrition, and its importance is becoming more defined. Note: Bacteria is found throughout the dog's digestive system. Bacteria in the mouth should not be removed by chemicals so that the dog will have sweet smelling breath. This is a human's cultural hang-up, and one that can cause dietary distress in canines by removing a very essential nutritional part from a dog's digestive process. There are dangers in breaking down nutritional teams of solid food and liquids into their component parts and in turn further breaking down each of these components. One danger is that a person doing research in the field of nutrition can become too focused on a specific
nutrient and disregard how that one nutrient interacts with other nutrients. For example; we all know that it takes calcium to build heathy bones. Knowing this one fact and taking it out of context can lead to problems. Adding lots of calcium to a puppy's food, without the other nutrients calcium interacts with for building bones, can be counter productive. Another danger occurs when the researcher is looking for a specific result. When the researcher achieves his goal, he does not carry on to see what other areas have been effected. The best example of this would be the research on a product to change the elasticity of the muscles holding the hip joint together, thus changing the occurrence of hip dysplasia. Such a product has been researched and is available. However, that product also damages an otherwise healthy dog's liver and kidney. When considering the field of canine nutrition and formulating a proper diet for your dog, I feel that a holistic view must be taken.
INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONS OF VITAMINS & MINERALS Vitamin A Important for healthy skin, hair, eyes, and normal bone growth. Vitamin B-1 Essential in the metabolism of carbohydrates and protein. Deficiency causes heart and nerve disease. Vitamin B-2 Essential for normal growth, healthy skin and hair. It has been used as a natural aid in coping with stress. Vitamin B-6 Essential for normal blood, nerves and growth, and metabolism of protein. Vitamin B-12 Important in the development and maintenance of normal blood cells.
Vitamin D Needed to assimilate the calcium and phosphorous in the development of normal teeth and bones. Vitamin E Protects against effects of oxidized or unstable fats in diet. It is important for reproduction and helps the body use Vitamin A. Niacinamide Helps to maintain the integrity of mouth tissue and the nervous system and is essential in converting food to energy. Biotin Present as a member of the B Complex in nature and is associated with normal growth, healthy skin and hair. Folic Acid A hematopoietic vitamin, used for normal blood, growth and health of the fetus. d-Calcium Pantothenate Required for the formation of certain hormones and nerve-regulating substances and to maintain the proper level of blood sugars. Para Amino Benzoic Acid Helps the body use proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It is important in the body's rejection of infection. Selenium Interacts with Vitamin E and is associated with normal liver, muscle, and reproductive function. Lecithin Significant constituent of nervous tissue and brain substance. It also breaks down cholesterol and prevents fatty infiltration of the heart and liver. Calcium Essential for formation of normal teeth and bones and is important in the transmission of nerve impulses, and muscle contraction. Copper Works within the digestive system for normal iron use and maintenance of normal bones and hair.
Iodine Necessary for normal thyroid function and works with protein to form thyroxines in the thyroid gland. Iron Important to the transfer of oxygen in blood and muscles and is essential to the development and maintenance of normal red blood cells. Magnesium Necessary for normal tooth and bone formation and is important to cellular energy transfer and normal muscle and heart function. Manganese Assists magnesium and other minerals in the formation of normal teeth and bones. Potassium Necessary for normal body growth, fluid balance, and muscle contraction. Zinc Essential constituent of insulin and is necessary for normal growth and healthy skin and hair. Note: Please do not take the information in this one chapter out of the context of the book. Remember that each of these nutrients is a team member and should be provided in balance with the other team nutrients as outlined in the chapter on "Nutritional Teamwork." Science has proven that no two breeds have the same nutritional requirements for any one nutrient. To truly meet your pet Dachshund nutritional needs you must learn what the unique nutrient requirements of your breed are, (or mixture of breeds) Consider their individual needs, than learn how much of each of the 18 major nutrients groups are required and finally, discover which natural or organic whole food should be used to satisfy these needs. Each nutrient's job is to turn on a particular genetic system in your pet's body. This is called Nutrient - gene interaction. If the right amount of bioavailable nutrients are supplied to the crucial genetic systems like the immune system they will work correctly, if not they are not turned on and to much will shut the system down. This is why a one food fits all breeds is detrimental to most dogs health.
Nutritional Factors and the Immune System An optimum nutritional state is very important in managing a variety of inherited and other metabolic diseases as well as for a healthy immune system. Examples where nutritional management is important in inherited disorders include: adding ingredients to the diet to make it more alkaline for Miniature Schnauzers with calcium oxalate bladder or kidney stones; use of the vitamin A derivative in Cocker Spaniels and other breeds with idiopathic seborrhea of the skin; management with drugs and/or diet of diseases such as diabetes mellitus and the copper-storage disease prevalent in breeds like the Wheaton Terrier, West Highland White Terrier, and German Pinscher; wheat-sensitive in Irish Setters; and treatment of vitamin B-12 deficiency in Giant Schnauzers. Nutritional factors that play an important role in immune function include zinc, selenium and vitamin E, vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine), and linoleic acid. Deficiency of these compounds impairs both circulating as well as cell-mediated immunity. The requirement for essential nutrients increases during periods of rapid growth or reproduction and also may increase in geriatric individuals, because immune function and the bioavailability of these nutrients generally wane with aging. Genetic differences between breeds and the individuals within those breeds lead to quantitative variations in dietary requirements for energy, nutrients and overall health. Genetic defects may result in inborn errors of metabolism that affect one or more pathways involving nutrients or their
metabolites. Many inborn errors of metabolism are fatal, whereas others may show significant clinical improvement with nutritional management. Minimal and maximal nutrient requirements that can be important in this regard include vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium, vitamin A, copper and vitamin B-12. Similarly, a wide variation occurs in the energy needs of dogs depending on their breed, age, sex and size. Breeders quickly learn to adjust the caloric intake of their animals depending on the optimal requirements of each individual. When correcting a general physical or dietary deficiency one must give particular attention to form, balance, potency and Freshness for optimum health and measured results. Holistic veterinarians insist that the key to disease prevention is found in a diet rich from living enzymes, antioxidants, amino acids and a good source of organic protein. NOW you can be a proactive Pet Parent and more reactive to canine disease and illness through the proper use of nutrition via your our Pet Nutrition Systems website or Kiosk Center.
Pet
Nutrition Systems will help you make the correct change to a more natural diet individually designed for your pet’s breed, mixture of breeds, special health needs and meets their unique nutritional requirements.