The Blue Guidon The Newsletter of Andover and the Military
Spring 2020
The End Depends on the Beginning Henry L. Stimson (Class of 1883) One hundred-fifty years That afternoon, he was of American history came a newly enlisted seaman together in the form of second class in the Navy, 75-year-old Henry Stimson en route to becoming the and 18-year-old George youngest serving naval H.W. Bush at Andover’s aviator in the fleet. 1942 Commencement. The public service of The United States President George H.W. was at war. Pearl Harbor Bush ’42 is well known. had been attacked seven Stimson, no less months earlier. Stimson, a public figure in his President Roosevelt’s time, was one of those secretary of war, delivered Americans whose lifelong the Commencement non sibi spirit laid the address. Born in 1867 to detailed foundation of a Civil War veteran—and our modern American an Army veteran himself— security posture—a Stimson was the oldest foundation that would PA alumnus directly lead to Allied victory in involved in the war. Bush, World War II and had an who celebrated his 18th enormous influence on birthday on graduation the security structure day, would become a new employed by President recruit and one of the George H.W. Bush in the youngest members of the First Gulf War. armed services that very As Evan Thomas ’69 afternoon. and Walter Isaacson Stimson was also the wrote in their classic, longest serving member The Wise Men, Stimson of Andover’s Board of was one of the important Trustees, as well as board “private men,” defined president. as “men who avoided He called on the publicity but were graduating students to comfortable with public remain vigilant in their power, not as an end in studies and emphasized, itself but as a force for paraphrased Bush, that, prosperity, security, and “though America needed freedom…” fighting men, we would The foundation better serve our country Stimson implemented by getting more education consisted of principles before getting in uniform.” learned in his military The secretary’s advice service and executed by arrived too late. Bush Stimson with Headmaster Claude M. Fuess, 1942 his actions as secretary of would write, “I had already war under President Taft decided that college would have to wait.” But he (1911–1913) and, during the Second World War, didn’t wait: immediately after Commencement, under Presidents Roosevelt and Truman (1940– he journeyed to the recruiting station in Boston. 1945). Stimson’s civic values and approach Stimson continued on page 3
In Memoriam Phillips Academy Alumni Who Died Defending the Nation During World War II 1888
1932
1936
1938
1941
William C. Laird
Henry F. Chaney Jr.
Thomas K. Brown
Robert K. Barron
1906
John H. Richardson
Edward A. Dunlap 3d
Andrew M. Campbell
Charles S. Burns
Frank T. Leighton
William H. Robinson
James D. Emerson
John C. Cobb
Thomas Cochran 2d
1910
Abraham Sophian Jr.
Robert M. Flanders
Samuel R. Detwiler Jr.
Richard T. Crossman
Harry E. Dow
Waldron M. Ward Jr.
John W. Graham
Alonzo G. Hearne Jr.
Paul L. Davidson
1912
1933
George H.B. Green III
Vaughan Kendall
James R. Dicken
Carroll G. Riggs
Roger B. Martin
Roger W. Herrick
James E. Price II
Daniel R. Hanna III
Raymond E. Packard
James L. Israel
Frank McC. Reinhart
William R. MacDonald
Robert H. Wilds Jr.
George T. Land
Hovey Seymour
John B. Miller II
Richard G. Eaton
1915
Edwin D. Rattray 1917
Raymond B. Miles 1920
Alfred W. Paine
1934
Sherman Brayton Roderick S.G. Hall Henry T. Irwin Jr. Wells Lewis
1924
Walter H. Paige Jr.
Seymour C. Hammond
John A. Strauss
1925
1935
Albert W. Hawkes
Walter E. Bell
1926
Elmore Bostwick Jr.
Frederick R. Grace
Wirt R. Cates
Warner Marshall Jr.
Paul B. DeWitt
Layton Platt
Charles E. Leary
Willard Reed Jr.
Alexander A. McDonell Jr.
1927
Gerard G. Cameron Frederick S. Roe 1928
John Creighton Jr.
Nixon Lee Jr.
Frederick J. Shepard III
Joseph E. Otis III
David McG. Mersereau
Parker C. Snell
Charles C. Parker
Leonard F. Paine
1939
Herbert E. Stilwell
Howard B. Pfaelzer
Edward S. Bentley Jr.
Ralph N. Sulis
Walter H. Richardson
William B. Cole
1942
Robin Scully
Sheldon R. Coons Jr.
William A. Adams Jr.
Cyrus R. Taylor
Theodore C. Corwin Jr.
Benjamin G. Calder
Robert T. Thompson
Philip C. Dryden
James B. DeJarnette
1937
Ainsworth B. Jones
John W. Gault Jr.
Edward P. Cunningham
Edward A. Marshall
Lawrence C. Goodhue Jr.
Willard B. Eddy Jr.
Walter C. Wicker Jr.
James R. Gorman
Richard P. Howard
Robert T. Wilson Jr.
Talbot M. Malcolm Jr.
Raymond E. Keeney
1940
James P. Markham
Malcolm G. Main
Eugene P.C. Constantin III
David F. Reilly
Edmund Ocumpaugh IV
William T. Dargan
Peter W. Sommer
Robert O. Potter
Norman H. Eaton
John H. Thompson
Philip Williams Jr.
Nathaniel D. Gamage
Gerard N. Twomey
William W. Reiter
Roger C. Kiley
1943
Henry B. Stimson Jr.
George C. Nicoll
John C. Book
John G. Mersereau Frederick J. Murphy Jr. Kevin G. Rafferty
George W. Papen Jr.
David W. Brown
1929
Edward P. Poynter
Calvin Burrows
John DeWitt
William D. Rees
Jesse R. Clarke 3d
1930
Donald F. Snell
Pierre B.R. Cournand
Roger D. Brown
James S. Hills
Harold K. Hughes Jr.
John D.P. McChesney
1931
Richard T. Chapin James R. Gillie James R. Griswold Charles O. Jenkins Jr. Leonard W. Parker
Raymer Schmid This issue of The Blue Guidon is dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II in September 1945. In particular, we honor 142 alumni who lost their lives during the war. We also highlight the remarkable contributions of Henry Stimson (Class of 1883) and Richard Sutherland (Class of 1911), just two among the more than 3,300 alumni who participated in the war effort. To learn the wartime stories of many of these brave and selfless alumni, please read Leonard F. James’s Phillips Academy, Andover in World War II (www.pa59ers.com/library/James/ww2TC.html). Additionally, the fall 2011 issue of Andover magazine (www.andover.edu/alumni/andover-magazine) is replete with recollections of the war written by Andover and Abbot alumni.
Frederick A. Stearns 1944
Edward C. Woodruff II 1946
Kennedy M. Smith
Lucius T. Wing Robert M. Tuller Jr. ’82, P’22, ’23, editor
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Harold J. Sheridan Jr.
Stimson continued from page 1
to military organization anticipated the volunteer military in the 1970s and the establishment of combatant commands under Goldwater-Nichols in the 1980s. These principles included: • Preparedness: It was essential to maintain well-trained, professional military services prepared for operational deployment and able to fight at once, as well as, if necessary, expand indefinitely by enrolling American citizens in the event of conflict or national emergency. • Civilian Control: It was essential that our forces operate under civilian control. • Integration of Command: Our forces should be organized in a manner that corresponds with their probable tactical deployment in the event of emergency. Former House Speaker Tip O’Neill stated that, “All politics is local.” The Stimson Corollary might be, “All policy is personal and based on experience.” Stimson was exceedingly fond of his time at Andover. He would write: “The courses…were taught with extreme thoroughness. To me it opened a new world of effort and competition [and] a new world of democracy and companionship with boys from all portions of the United States...a large percentage working their own way in whole or in part….” He felt that Andover was a school that “represented the ideals of character and education believed in by the founders of our country.” Andover, he said, set the stage for his military and public service, including: U.S. attorney under President Theodore Roosevelt, secretary of war under Presidents Taft and Franklin Roosevelt, secretary of state under Hoover, and governorgeneral of the Philippines under President Coolidge. An outdoorsman dating back to his days as a student, he was twice a volunteer for military service. First, at age 30, Stimson enlisted and served for nine years in the National Guard following the 1898 American declaration of war against
These photos of Secretary of War Henry Stimson were taken in North Africa during his visit to the Mediterranean Theater for briefings in early July 1944. The Allied Command was in the midst of final planning for the August 15 invasion of southern France by American, British, and Free French forces. The highly successful operation established support and operational links with D-Day invasion forces already advancing eastward from northern France, accelerating the demise of Nazi forces in France and leading to the liberation of Paris 10 days later on August 25. Provided courtesy of Andover Archives & Special Collections, the photos are from a booklet created by the American commander, Lt. Gen. Jacob Devers, and presented to Stimson at the conclusion of his visit.
Spain (1898–1907). Then, nearing age 50, he was commissioned in the Army Reserve in World War I (1917–1919). The latter experience included extensive professional preparation for duty as a tactical staff officer, followed by nine months in France, including service as an artillery battalion commander. He left active duty as a colonel but would ultimately serve in the reserve as a brigadier general. Confirmed as President Taft’s secretary of war in 1911, Stimson found an Army “slowly awakening from a slumber of nearly 50 years… only briefly disturbed by the absurd confusion of the Spanish war.” He felt “confronted by the vast inertia of somnolent inbreeding.” A predecessor, Elihu Root, had established the Army General Staff and the Army War College. It fell to Stimson a half dozen years later, however, to establish the position of Army chief of staff reporting to the president and the secretary of war—with a command system organized along functional, not administrative, lines. A true democrat, Stimson felt extensive and multi-service disdain for careerism at the expense of performance. He expressed contempt for those who thought of the Army “as a small and select club” and who “regarded military skills as a sacerdotal secret imparted only at West Point.” Later, in World War II, in the midst of a battle over roles and missions, with the Navy resisting the use of Army aviation bombers and their newly developed radar sets in operations at sea against German U-boats, Stimson complained that the admiralty “seemed to retire from the realm of logic into a dim religious world in which Neptune was God, Mahan his prophet, and the United States Navy the only true Church.” As a serviceman, Stimson learned, “that the strength and spirit of America was not confined to any group or class…It was my greatest lesson in American democracy.”
—James Longley ’70
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ALUMNI CURRENTLY ON ACTIVE DUTY
The Essential Man: Richard K. Sutherland
Japanese delegates discuss surrender document with Lieutenant General Richard Sutherland aboard the USS Missouri.
Joseph Kacergis ’19 Jack O’Neil ’19 Nicholas Isenhower ’18
For Brigadier General Richard Sutherland (Class of 1911), stationed with American forces in Manila, World War II began in December 1941, the day it began for the United States, with simultaneous Japanese attacks on the Philippines and Pearl Harbor. It ended on the war’s final day, in September 1945, with Japan’s surrender. Throughout, Sutherland served as chief of staff to Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Allied Commander in the southwest Pacific. Ultimately promoted to lieutenant general, it was Sutherland who planned, organized, and executed the Allied war effort in MacArthur’s name, from doomed holding action in 1941 to victory in 1945. He was MacArthur’s essential man—deputy commander, tactician, negotiator, workaholic manager, hatchet man. The subordinate with the brass to tell MacArthur no. The one who made MacArthur’s other generals toe the mark. By 1944, Sutherland and MacArthur could not stand each other. Sutherland wanted out. MacArthur refused. He could not press on without Sutherland. Leonard James, author of Phillips Academy, Andover in World War II, described Richard Sutherland as “Andover’s most distinguished alumnus in the armed forces” during World War II. Yet Sutherland remains hidden midst the dazzle of MacArthur’s Olympian persona. Japan’s conquest of the Philippines (functionally a U.S. protectorate) was a humiliating defeat. The plan to defend the Philippines posited defeat. It assumed a combined U.S.-Filipino force could do no more than hold out as long as possible, which the joint command did. The result: 123,000 troops killed or captured. MacArthur escaped to Australia, suffering further defeats until the tide turned. Operation Cartwheel, developed under Sutherland in 1942, produced a long and difficult but successful island-hopping return to the Philippines in late 1944. By then, Sutherland was coordinating plans for invasion of Japan. Neither he nor MacArthur knew—until a few days beforehand— of the atomic bomb, which would end Japanese resistance in August 1945. MacArthur oversaw Japan’s surrender on September 2nd. The terms had been negotiated by Sutherland. MacArthur presided aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, with Sutherland as master of ceremonies. There were two copies of the Instrument of Surrender: one for the Allies, one for the Japanese. The Japanese set hand to both, followed by representatives of nine Allied powers. The Canadian representative mistakenly signed his name below, rather than above, the proper line, and other Allied signatories followed his lead. The Japanese were disconcerted; this would not do. Sutherland stepped forward, crossed out mismatched printed names of Allied nations, wrote in the correct names, and initialed his changes. It was General Sutherland’s final act, saving the day as he had done so many times before. —David Chase, Faculty Emeritus
Joseph Simourian ’18 Larson Tolo ’18 David Tsai ’18 Annette Bell ’16 Benjamin Bolduc ’16 AnnaMaria Dear ’16 Anirudh Murali ’16 Nicholas Forti ’15 Eden Livingston ’15 Renee LaMarche ’14 Thomas Mullen ’14 Alexandra Bell ’13 Taylor Perkins ’12 Christopher Kent ’11 Lyra Silverwolf ’11 Adrian Lehnen ’10 Ansley White ’10 Jake Bean ’08 Hanson Causbie ’08 Jess Choi ’08 Eamon Hegarty ’08 Walker Washburn ’08 Lauren Johnson ’07 Helal Syed ’07 Connor Flynn ’06 Jenn Bales ’04 Steve Draheim ’04 Matt Fram ’04 Nick Ksiazek ’03 Cat Reppert ’02 Eric Chase ’01 Gil Barndollar ’00 Jarreau Jones ’00 Matthew Sullivan ’00 Hunter Washburn ’00 Grancis Santana ’99 Ali Ghaffari ’98 Luis Gonzalez ’97 Michelle Kalas ’97 Jesse Ehrenfeld ’96 Rush Taylor ’96 Kenny Weiner ’96 Randy Allen ’95 Rebecca Calder ‘94 Matthew Macarah ’93 Ryan Shann ’93 Craig Der Ananian ’91 Kenneth Jambor ’91 Eric Hawn ’89 Rob Patrick ’88 Graeme Henderson ’83, P’14 Kazimierz Kotlow ’83 Douglas Creedon ’79
THE BLUE GUIDON
The Newsletter of Andover and the Military Vol. 8, No. 2 Published biannually by the Office of Academy Resources, Phillips Academy
EDITOR
Robert Tuller ’82, P’22, ’23
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
George Rider ’51, P’86, GP’22
HISTORIAN
David Chase, Faculty Emeritus
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE James Donnelly ’82, Chair Christine Balling ’86 Tom Beaton ’73 Livy Coe ’04 Laurie Coffey ’95 Karl Novick ’07
Robert Patrick ’88 George Rider ’51, P’86, GP’22 Rush Taylor ’96 Robert Tuller ’82, P’22, ’23 Don Way ’63 Kenny Weiner ’96
This list, based on data we receive from alumni, may be incomplete. If you know of someone who should be added, please email Mary Corcoran at mcorcoran@andover.edu.