MURAT ŞAHİNLER içimde bir his var
Söyleşi Leyla Gediz & Misal Adnan Yıldız
.JTBM "EOBO : ME [ ɗTUFSTFO L TB CJS HJSJʰ ZBQBM N 4UàEZP [JZBSFUMF SJNJ[EFO CVHàOF LBEBS TFSHJ TàSFDJ OBT M HFMJʰUJ POV BOMBUBM Ny /F EFS TJO -FZMB -FZMB (FEJ[ )Pʰ HFMEJOJ[ ɗLJ NF LBO EB HF[EJʓJOJ[J WBSTBZ ZPSVN WF BZO [BNBOEB HJSJʰUFLJ L SN [ PEB Z EB BUMBNBE ʓ O [ "TM OEB CBʰUB CJ[ PSBZ CV BMBO JÎJOEF HÚSEàL BNB TFSHJ BÎ ME LUBO TPOSB CFO PSBZ OF SFEFZTF àÎàODà CJS NFLBO HJCJ PLV NBZB CBʰMBE N #FMLJ ZBO UBSBG EB P BOMBNEB JLJZF BZS MBCJMJS NF[[BOJOF WF BMU LBU HJCJ "TM OEB CJ[JN 1JMPU UB NJNBSJ PMBSBL CV NFLBO JÎJOEF EB IB FWWFM ÎBM ʰN ʰM ʓ N [ ZBOJ CÚZMF CJS EFOFZJNJNJ[ ZPLUV #V NFLBOB CJ[ JML LF[ CFʰ HàO ÚODF 1B[BSUFTJ HàOà HJSEJL BNB TFSHJ à[FSJOEF ÎB M ʰNBZB CJSLBÎ BZ ÚODFTJOEFO CBʰMB E L IBUUB "EOBO JÎJO TàSFÎ ÎPL EBIB ÚODFTJOEFO CBʰM ZPS .JTBM "EOBO : ME [ :B[EBO CFSJ -FZMB (FEJ[ BZ ÚODFTJOEFO CBʰM ZPS .VSBU JLJNJ[ EF ZBLMBʰ L TFOFEJS UBO ZPSV[ F LBEBS CFMLJ EBIB ZBL OEBO EB UBLJQ FEJZPSEVL LFOEJTJ EBIB BLUJG PMBSBL ɗTUBOCVM EB TFSHJMFS BÎ ZPSEV 0 UBSJIUFO TPOSB CFMLJ CJ[ LFOEJ IBZBU N [ O I [ OB
LBQ ME L CFMLJ CJSB[ .VSBU LFOEJOJ QJZBTBEBO ÎFLUJ WF CJS TàSFEJS PSUBMBS EB ZPLUV .JTBM "EOBO : ME [ 0 BTM OEB AJ[JO MJZEJN EJZPS WF EBIB HFOJʰ [BNBOEB ÎBM ʰ ZPSVN EJZPS -FZMB (FEJ[ &WFU FMCFUUF LFOEJTJ ÎPL EBIB Hà[FM JGBEF FEJZPS CVOV BNB CJ [JN JÎJOy "TM OEB CV "EOBO O ZBQ NBT HFSFLFO CJS HJSJʰ ÎàOLà .VSBU O ZFOJ JʰMFSJOJ JML HÚSFO BUÚMZFTJOJ [JZB SFU FEJQ IFZFDBOMBO Q EBIB TPOSB EB CBOB HFMJQ i-FZMB .VSBU O SFTJNMFSJ OJ HÚSNFO MB[ Nw EJZFO P 'BLBU CJS OJ EBLJLB HBMJCB JML ÚODF LFOEJNJ[J UB O UNBM Z [ CFO -FZMB (FEJ[ ,FOEJ SFTJN QSBUJʓJNJ TàSEàSàZPSVN SFTJN TFSHJMFSJ BÎ ZPSVN BNB HFÎUJʓJNJ[ Z M JÎFSJTJOEF LàSBUÚSZFM CB[ HJSJʰJN MFSJN EF PMEV ½[FMMJLMF HFOÎ TBOBUÎ MBS O JʰMFSJOJ CJS BSBZB HFUJSNFL LPOV TVOEB CB[ EFOFZJNMFSJN PMEV TV OVNMBS N PMEV )BUUB "EOBO MB EB CV WFTJMFZMF UBO ʰU L (ÚLÎFO $BCBEBO O JʰMFSJ à[FSJOF IBSBSFUMJ CJS TPICFU CJ[J CVMVʰUVSEV #FZOJNJ[ PSUBLU 0 [B NBOEBO CFSJ EF SFTNF CFSBCFS CBLBS PMEVL 'BLBU CJS TàSFEJS .VSBU HJCJ CFO EF LàSBUÚSMàL NFʰHBMFTJOJ HFOJʰ [BNBOB UFTMJN FUNJʰUJN CJSB[ LàT NàʰUàN EJZFMJN "NB "EOBO .VSBU O SFTJNMFSJ ÎPL Hà[FM CJS TFSHJ
PMTB TFO CJS TFSHJ ZBQTBO CJ[ CJS TFSHJ ZBQTBL CV TFSHJZJ ʰVSEB N ZBQTBL CVS EB N ZBQTBL ZBOJ CFOJ CÚZMF TFO EF BS U L CJS TFSHJ ZBQTBO EJZF EJZF TJMLFMFEJ "EOBO O BLUBS N ÎPʓV [BNBO CBOB ZF UJZPS ÎàOLà CFO POVO [FWLJOF T LÎB LB U M ZPSVN ÎPL JOBO ZPSVN .VSBU B BUÚM U ZF [JZBSFUJOEF CVMVONBEBO ÚODF EF ÎàOLà CFOEFO ÚODF LFOEJTJ [JZBSFU FU NJʰUJ .VSBU CFOTF BSLBT OEBO ZBOJ P 4UVUUHBSU B HFSJ EÚOEàLUFO TPOSB "EOBO : ME [ ,VFOTUMFSIBVT 4UVUUHBSU O TFOF EJS QSPHSBN O ZBQ ZPS LàSBUÚSMàʓàOà ZBQ ZPS ZÚOFUJZPS PSBZ BSUJTUJL BOMBN EB ZÚOFUJZPS HFSJ 4UVUUHBSU B JʰJOJO CB ʰ OB EÚONàʰUà CFO LFOEJ BUÚMZF [JZB SFUJNJ UFLJM ZBQU N #VOEBO EB CBITF EFCJMJSJ[ CV CJS EF[BWBOUBK HJCJ PLVOB CJMJS ÎàOLà CJ[ JLJ LàSBUÚSà[ WF BZO CV MVʰNBMBS ZBQNBE L BZO LPOVʰNBMBS EB ZFS BMNBE L %BIB TPOSBT OEB CV EVSVN LJNJ [BNBO CJS EJ[J TPSVO LJNJ [BNBOTB BWBOUBK ZBSBUU i#FOJN [JZB SFUJN FTOBT OEB ʰV LPOVʰVMNBN ʰU w i#VOV CBOB TÚZMFNFNJʰUJOw HJCJ FLTJL WF BSU MBS N [ UPQBSMBNBN [ HFSFLUJ 'BLBU ZJOF .VSBU JML LF[ [JZBSFU FUNF[ EFO ÚODF LFOEJ LFOEJNF ʰÚZMF EFEJN EFO ÎPL CàZàL CJS Zà[EFZMF CV TFSHJZJ ZBQB DBʓ N ZBQNBZ LBCVM FEFDFʓJN BNB ZJOF EF SFTJNMFSJ HÚSNFEFO LBSBS WFS NFZFZJN ±àOLà CJSB[ EB LPSLVZPSEVN TPOVÎUB SFTNJ HÚSNFEFO OFEFO CBITF EJZPSV[ OF LBEBS HàWFOTFN EFy
/FZTF CFO .VSBU O BUÚMZFTJOF HJSEJN .VSBU HÚSEàN POVO P FOFSKJTJ JÎFSJ EF JʰMFS FW HFOFM IBM IBZBU E ʰBS EBO WVSBO HàOFʰ NBTBO O à[FSJOF Z ʓ M LJUBQMBS LFEJMFS EFSLFO CFO EBIB P EBLJLB CV Jʰ [BUFO ZBQ M ZPS EB OBT M ZBQ MBDBL NPEVOB HFÎUJN .VSBU EB ÎPL HàMEà CBOB )BLJLBUFO BGBDBO CJS ÎPDVL HJCJ CJSEFO ÎPL IFZFDBOMBO E Ny 0OMBS O FWJOEF NJTBĕSQFSWFS MJʓJOEF T DBLM ʓ OEB CBʰLB CJS ʰFZ WBS E IFS ʰFZ ÚZMF CBʰMBE y ,FOEJNJ ÎPDVL HJCJ IJTTFUUJN CFO J[JOMJZNJʰJN HJCJ IJTTFUUJN WF CÚZMF TBOLJ EJMFEJʓJN DF IFS UBSBG LBS ʰU SBCJMJSNJʰJN SBĘB S JOEJSJQ LJUBQMBS EBʓ UBCJMJSNJʰJN HJCJ CV Ú[HàSMàʓà IJTTFUUJN WF CV CFOJ ÎPL NVUMV FUUJ )FN CV CBOB J OBO MNB[ CàZàL CJS EFST PMEV ÎàOLà CJSJTJ CFOJN BUÚMZFNF CV ʰFLJMEF EBMTB i"Z EVS POV FMMFNFw i"Z EàʰFDFL BNBO P ÚZMF LPONB[w ZBOJ CFO CJS DPOUSPM GSFBL JN IFSIBMEF BTMB IJÎLJNTFZF IFMF CFOJN HJCJ CJSJOF CÚZMF UBIBN NàM HÚTUFSNFN "NB .VSBU OBT MTB CFOJN P FOFSKJ WF IBSFLFUMJMJʓJNEFO IPʰMBOE C SBLU CFOJ TFZSFUNFZF CBʰ MBE #ÚZMF V[VO V[VO BOMBU ZPSVN BNB CV TFSHJ ʰV BO CJSF CJS HÚSEàʓà Oà[ FTFSMFSJO CJSÎPʓVOV CFOEFO ÚODF "EOBO [BUFO UFTQJU FUNJʰ #FO EF HJEJQ GPUPʓSBĘBS O ÎFLUJN ɮV LPOUSBQMBL MBS à[FSJOF HFSJMJ UVWBMMFS .VSBU O IBMJ IB[ SEB à[FSJOEF ÎBM ʰU ʓ JʰMFSJO
CB[ MBS ZE #FO EF HÚSEàN IFQTJOJ WF NFTFMB CVOMBS PMEVLMBS HJCJ LPZBS [ TFSHJZF EJZF EàʰàOFSFL IFNFO GPUPHSBĘ BS O ÎFLUJN "EOBO B ZPMMBE Nw
BUÚMZFTJOEF CVOMBS O JLJ NJTMJ SFTJN PMEVʓV IBMEF POMBS O EB JÎFSJTJOEFO ÎPL UJUJ[ CJS FMFNF ZBQU L :JOF ZBO UBSBęB CJSCJSJ à[FSJOF EBZBM EVSBO SFTJNMFS HÚSàZPSTVOV[ CVSBEB UFST ÎFWSJMNJʰ CJS SFTJN WBS #VOMBS O IFQ TJ BUÚMZFOJO JÎJOEF CJ[J OBT M LBSʰ MB E MBSTB CJ[ P T DBLM ʓ P TàSFDJ BZOFO HBMFSJ JÎFSJTJOF UBʰ NBL JTUFEJL Ú[FUMF CBʰUBO CFSJ EàʰàODFNJ[ CVZEV 4BO S N TFSHJOJO CV EFOMJ FOTUBMBTZPOB ZBL O EVSNBT CV LBZH N [EBO LBZ OBLMBO ZPS 3FTNJ CJS TàSFÎ PMBSBL BM H MBNB BS[VNV[EBO CJS UJDBSJ OFTOF H PMBSBL NFUBMBʰNBT OB EVS EFNFL JTUF ZJʰJNJ[EFOy
4POSB ʰVSBEBLJMFSJ HÚSEàN IFNFO ZBO ZBOB EVSVZPSMBSE y #FO QBSÎBMBS CJS MFʰUJSEJLÎF .VSBU EB IFZFDBOMB P ÎPL Hà[FM PMEV CV ÎPL Hà[FM PMEV EJZF IFS ʰFZF 0, WFSEJ #JS ʰFLJMEF CVOV EB EV WBSEB HFSJMJ UVWBMJ HÚTUFSFSFL SVMP ZBQ Q LBME SN ʰ BNB CVMEVʓVNV[EB CJS QBÎBW SBEBO GBSLT [E #JMNJZPSVN P OBT M PS UBZB Î LU OBT M BÎ ME GBLBU P JML EBLJLB MBS JÎFSJTJOEF CV SFTNJO EF ʰBTFTJOEFO CBʓ NT [ TFSHJMFOFDFʓJ ĕLSJ [JIOJNEF PMVʰNVʰUV CVOVO EB UFNTJMJ GPUPHSBG MBS O ÎFLJQ ZPMMBE N "EOBO B %FęFSMFS [BUFO NBTBMBSEB oLJ EFęFSMFSEFO EBIB ÎPL WBSE CJ[ FQFZDF FMFEJL T O SM CJS TVOVN ZBQU L /FGFT BMT O TFSHJNJ[ ÎPL LBMBCBM L PMNBT O JTUFEJL .VSBU O BUÚM
#JMJZPSTVOV[ CàUàO HÚSTFM TBOBUMBS JÎF SJTJOEF FO LPMBZ UàLFUJMFCJMJS PMBO FO LPMBZ BM O Q TBU MBCJMJS PMBO QJZBTB EFʓFSJ ÚMÎàMFOJ UBLJQ FEJMFOJ ZBU S N PMBSBL HÚ[ ÚOàOEF UVUVMBO SFTJN PMV ZPS #V EB SFTNJO BTM OEB CJS UV[Bʓ ÎàOLà P OPLUBEB SFTJN ÎPL UJDBSJMFʰF CJMJZPS P OPLUBEB SFTJN ÚMFCJMJZPS 3FT NJ CVOEBO LVSUBSNBL SFTNJ LBZOBʓ O EB TPSHVMBNBLMB NàNLàO #JS TFSHJ TBOBUÎ O O IBZBU OEB IFSIBOHJ CJS BOB UFLBCàM FEFS 4BOBUÎ O O ZPMDVMVʓVOV CJS CàUàO PMBSBL BMH MBNBL IJTTFUNFL ÎPL ÚOFNMJ .FTFMB LPOUSBQMBLMBSB HF SJMJ SFTJNMFS .VSBU ɮBIJOMFS JÎJO CJUNF NJʰ SFTJNMFSEJ #J[ EFEJL LJ GBSL FUNF[ ÎPL Hà[FMMFS #J[ POMBS CJUNFNJʰMJLMF SJZMF EF UBLEJS FEJZPSV[ CJ[JN JÎJO IFS IBMJZMF TàSFÎMFSJOJO IFS BʰBNBT OEB ÎPL EFʓFSMJMFS #JUNJʰ CJUNFNJʰy .VSBU EB CV ZBLMBʰ N N [B BZBL VZEVSEV WF P OVO EB WFSEJʓJ J[JOMFSMFy .VSBU O F CBUÎB FO CàZàL ÎBM ʰNBT N FOJOEF CJS PUPCJZPHSBĕ i4FOGPOJw %àʰàOàO DF NBOU LFO EF CJUNFTJ NàNLàO EFʓJM ÎàOLà BSBN [EB .VSBU LBZCFUNFEJL LJ POV #JZPHSBĕTJ OBT M CJUTJO %FNFL LJ EFWBN FEJZPS %PMBZ T ZMB P SFTJN CJMF ʰV BO ZBMO [ CJS BO O ZBʰ ZPS 0OV CVSBZB UBʰ E L .VSBU IBMB à[FSJOEF ÎBM ʰNBZB EFWBN FUUJ #V Ú[HàSMàʓà CJ[ EF POB WFSEJL FMCFU CJ[ EF POV CBʰLB UàSMà EBWSBONBZB [PSMBZBNB[E L ÎàOLà CV HBZSJ UBCJJ PMBDBLU #àUàO UBCJMJʓJZMF
SFTNJ SFTNJO TFSHJMFONFTJOJ POVO WBSM ʓ O LBCVM FUNFL POB CV Hà[FMMJL UF CBLNBLU CàUàO EFSEJNJ[
.JTBM "EOBO : ME [ #FO OJZF TFO CBʰ MB EFEJN CJMJZPS NVTVO "TM OEB CJS TBOBUÎ Z FO JZJ POV JZJ BOMBZBO CBʰLB CJS TBOBUÎ O O HÚ[àOEFO PLVZBCJMJSJ[ ZB EB HÚSFCJMJSJ[y ɗML PMBSBL TÚZMF NFN HFSFLFO ʰV BTM OEB CJ[ V[VO TPMVLMV EFʓFSMFOEJSJMNFTJ HFSFLFO CJS QSBUJʓF CBLNBO O WF POV TVONBO O TPSVNMVMVʓVOV BME L #VOB OBT M DàSFU FUUJL CJMNJZPSVN BNB CÚZMF CJS ʰFZF LBML ʰU L 6[VO TPMVLMV CFMLJ LP MBZ PLVOBNBZBO CJS QSBUJʓJ IFN TFS HJMFNF IFN EF LàSBUÚSZFM BOMBNEB CJSMJLUF ÎBM ʰNBZ JTUFEJL #FODF IFS TFSHJ CJS JIUJZBÎUBO EPʓVZPS #V CFOJN T L UFLSBS FUUJʓJN CJS MBG ,BWSBNTBM CJS HFSFLMJMJL PMVZPS CB[FO TPTZBM CJS JÎFSJL PMVZPS CB[FO QPMJUJL CJS HàEàN PMVZPS BNB TPOVOEB TFSHJEF CJS JIUJ ZBÎ IJTTFEJZPSTVO
#V TFSHJZJ CJS JIUJZBÎ PMBSBL JML HFÎFO ZB[ .VSBU O BUÚMZFTJOF UFTBEàGFO Eàʰ UàʓàN [BNBO IJTTFUUJN CV BSBEB .VSBU O BUÚMZFTJ EJZJODF HÚ[àOà[àO ÚOàOF TBEFDF CJS BUÚMZF EFʓJM ZBʰBO MBO WF ZBʰBZBO CJS ZFS HFUJSNFOJ[ HFSFL #JS BOMBNEB PSBT CJS FW JÎJOEF ZBʰBO MBO CJS ZFS IBZBUMB TUàEZPOVO JÎ JÎF HFÎUJʓJ CJS ZFS 0OVO JÎJO SFTJNMFS EF ZBWBʰ ZB WBʰ LFOEJMFSJOF P IBZBU O JÎJOEF ZFSMFS CVMNBZB ÎBM ʰ ZPSMBS #B[ SFTJNMFS EBIB HÚSàOàSMFS CB[ SFTJNMFS LJUBQMBS O BSB T OEBMBS SBĘBSEBMBS CVOVO HJCJ BSLBMBS EÚOàL Zà[MFSJ TJ[F CBL ZPS #JS UBOFTJ IFNFO CFOJN LBMCJNJ ÎBME A1POQPOMV EJZPSVN P SFTNF CFO #V ʰFZ HJCJ TJ[ POV CFʓFONFZFCJMJSTJOJ[ CVOV CFʓFOJS TJOJ[ CFMLJ CJS TBOBU UBSJIÎJTJ ZPL ZPL POVO CPZBT PMNBN ʰ EFS CJS CBʰLB V[NBO HFMJS CV ÎPL ʰÚZMF ZBQ MN ʰy #JMFNFN &EFCJZBU EB CÚZMF CJS ʰFZ ĕMN EF CÚZMF CJS ʰFZ #JS LJUBQ PLVSTVOV[ CB [FO P LBSBLUFS TJ[JO BLM O [EB LBM S #B[ LBSBLUFSMFS TJ[JOMF ZBʰBNBZB EFWBN F EFS #V FEFCJ CJS EFSJOMJLUFO HFMJS WF BOMBN HFUJSJS #V EB CJS BOMBNEB HàO DFMJO EF E ʰ OEB CVHàOàO EF E ʰ OEB EBIB .VSBU O EB EFEJʓJ HJCJ HFOJʰ [B NBOB ZBZ MBO CFODF EBIB FWSFOTFM CJS CPZVUV PMBO CJS CBʰLB JÎFSJʓF HFÎFS ɗ OBO O JOBONBZ O CFO P SFTNJ SàZBNEB HÚSEàʓàNà IBU SM ZPSVN ½ZMF CJS JMJʰ LJEFO TPOSB CFOJ ZBWBʰ ZBWBʰ P SFTJN MFSJ TBEFDF CFOJN .VSBU O IBZBU OEBLJ
EJʓFS JOTBOMBS O EFʓJM J[MFZJDJOJO EF HÚSNFTJ HFSFLUJʓJOF EBJS CJS JÎHàEà TBSE #FO SFTJNMFSJ IFSLFTJO HÚSNF TJOJ JTUFEJN %BIB EPʓSVTV CJS TFSHJZJ OFSFEF ZBQU ʓ O WF OF [BNBO ZBQU ʓ O EB ÎPL ÚOFNMJ ɗTUBOCVM EB HÚSàMNFTJ HFSFLUJʓJOJ EàʰàOEàN
:PLTB CFO ,àOTUMFSIBVT 4UVUUHBSU UB CJS TPMP IBZBM FEFCJMJSEJN BNB IBLJLBUFO POMBS O CVSBEB HÚSàMNFTJ HFSFLUJʓJOF ÎPL JLOB JEJN 4BEFDF ʰÚZ MF CJS TPSVNMVMVL WBSE Z M OEB TPO TPMP TFSHJTJOJ ZBQN ʰ .VSBU WF EBIB TPOSB ɗTUBOCVM EB CJS TFSHJ BÎ M NBN ʰU BNB LBSJZFSJOF CBLU ʓ O [ [BNBO 7JZBOB EB 1FLJO EF CJSÎPL ZFS EF NJNBSJ BOMBNEB QSPKFMFSMF LBNV TBM QSPKFMFSMF QSBUJʓJ EFWBN FEJZPS
#JS BOMBNEB BTM OEB .VSBU IFQ ÎBM ʰ ZPS DFCJOEF EFęFSMFSJOJ UBʰ ZPS ÎJ[JZPS SFTJNMFSJOJ EÚOàʰUàSàZPS #JUNJʰ CJS ʰFZ ZPL iJ[JOMJw EJZPS LFOEJOF BNB EVSNVʰ CJS ʰFZ ZPLUV 4FSHJ ZBQNBO O LFOEJ TPSHVMBOBCJMJSEJ TPMP OFEFO ZBQ MN ZPS P TPSHVMBOBCJMJSEJ 0 TPSVOVO EB DFWB P C LFOEJMJʓJOEFO CJ[ NBM[FNFZF CBL O DB HFMEJ 4UàEZPOVO NFSLF[JOEF N FOJOEF CJS SFTJN WBSE P SFTJN IFN CJS Nà[JLMF CFSBCFS àSFUJMNFTJ IFN TFSHJ MFONFTJ EàʰàOàMEàʓà ZBOJ CJSB[ EBIB IFZLFMMFʰNF ÚOFSNFMFSJZMF HFMEJʓJOEF [BUFO CBʰM CBʰ OB BZS CJS TFSHJ LPOV TVZEV )FS TFSHJ CJS EVSVNEBO EB JCB SFU PMVZPS WF P EVSVN TJ[F CB[ ʰBSUMBS EB HFUJSJZPS #J[JN ʰBSUMBS N [ ʰÚZMF HF MJʰUJ 1JMPU (BMFSJ ZF CFO CJS F NBJM BUU N WF CV F NBJMJO JÎFSJʓJ CV TFSHJOJO HFSFL MJMJʓJOF EBJSEJ WF CJ[ ÎPL OB[JL CJS POBZ BME L ɮBOT N [ JʰMFEJ JLJ NFLBO EB LVMMBONB ÚOFSJTJ HFMEJ POMBSEBO #J[ EF ÎPL IFZFDBOMBOE Ly #ÚZMFDF FMJNJ[EF JLJ BZS NFLBO PMEV ZBOZBOB JLJ NFLBO #JSJOEF NFUPEJL PMBSBL UFL CJS Jʰ à[F SJOEFO .VSBU O ZBLMBʰ N OB PEBLMBOB DBʓ N [ EJʓFSJOEF TPO EÚOFN JʰMFSF LBWSBNTBM LBZH MBSMB CBLBDBʓ N [ JLJ TFSHJ #ÚZMFDF .VSBU O ÎPL EJMMJ SFTJN QSBUJʓJOF LJ BTM OEB CJ[ CVOB AHSBNFS EFNFL JTUJZPSV[ 3FTNJOJO JÎJOEFLJ ÎPL EJMMJ FTUFUJʓJ BÎNBL JÎJO .VSBU O JʰMF SJOEF CJS SFTTBN SFTTBN HÚSNàZPSV[ NFTFMB CJS &LTQSFTZPOJTU HJCJ POVO CFMMJ
CJS UFLOJL à[FSJOEFO VTUBMBʰNBT O HÚSNàZPSV[ CVSBEB GBSLM SFTJNMFSJO GBSLM SFTJN EJMMFSJOJO CJSMJLUFMJʓJOJO LBWSBNTBM CJS CàUàOMàLUF BTM OEB U Q L CJS ĕMN ZÚOFUNFOJOJO ZB EB SPNBO ZB[BS O O LBSBLUFS HFMJʰUJSJS HJCJ IJLB ZF ZBSBU S HJCJ LVSEVʓV BOMBU ÚSHàMF SJOJ HÚSàZPSV[ 1JMPU UBLJ TFSHJOJO NFSLF[JOEF NBTB WBS #FO IFQ TÚZMà ZPSVN OPSNBMEF TFSHJMFSEF CàUàO Cà ZàL QSPEàLTJZPOMBS CJUFS CÚZMF TàTMà ʰFZMFS CJSB[ LFOBSEB TPOSBEBO IB[ SMB O S #J[JN JÎJO CV ÎPL UFNFM CJS ʰFZEJ -FZMB TUàEZP [JZBSFUJOEFO TPOSB EFG UFSJO JÎJOJ [BUFO CFMJSMFNJʰ JÎJOF OF HJSFDFL [BUFO ÎBM ʰN ʰU .BTB EB TFS HJOJO JML ZFSMFʰFO JʰMFSJOEFO CJSJEJS #J[ OF [BNBO OFSFZF OFZJ LPZBDBʓ N [ UBSU ʰNBL JTUFTFL T L ʰU ʓ N [ BO MBSEB NBTBO O CBʰ OEB UPQMBOE L #JS BOMBNEB CJS EàʰàONF NFSLF[JZEJ CJ [JN JÎJO $P 1JMPU JTF BTM OEB CJ[EFO PODF 1JMPU B HFMFO LBSEFʰ PMBSBL JTJN PMBSBL CJS ʰFZ ÚOFSJZPS [BUFO $P 1JMPU JTNJ EF CJS ʰFZ ÚOFSJZPS
#ÚZMF EàʰàOàODF BLM NB i14w CFO[FU NFTJ HFMEJ .FTFMB àOJWFSTJUFEF FLPOP NJ EFSTJ BM ST O LPOVOVO JÎFSJʓJOJ EBIB JZJ BOMBNBL JÎJO EFSTJO BTJTUBO O O WFS EJʓJ 14 F HJEFSTJO A1SPCMFN 4PMWJOH 4FTTJPO ĕLSJ CJ[F CJSB[ VZEV EàʰàOEàL LJ P SFTNJ CàZàL SFTNJ 4FOGPOJ ZJ CJS NFLBOB PEBLMBSTBL P SFTNJO JÎJOEFO CB[ FMFNBOMBS Î LBS Q POV .VSBU O LFOEJ PUPCJZPHSBĕTJZMF JMJʰLJMFOEJSJSTFL CV ZBLMBʰ N TPO EÚOFN JʰMFSF CBL ʰ N [ EB EFSJOMFʰUJSJS "TM OEB ʰVOV EB FLMFNFL MB[ N .VSBU ÎPL DÚNFSU CJS JOTBO #J[J ÎPL Ú[HàS C SBLU #J[F Hà WFOEJ 3FTTBNMBS O HFOFMJOF HÚSF EBIB DÚNFSU EJZFCJMJSJN CFO LFOEJ EFOFZJ NJNF HPSF LPOVʰVZPSVN -FZMB EB TÚZMFEJ ZBy #FMLJ EF SFTTBNMBS LBGBMB S OEB TPZVU CJS ÎFSÎFWFOJO JÎJOEF ZBʰ ZPSMBSy .VSBU CV LBM CB CJSB[ VZNV ZPSy
-FZMB (FEJ[ ,FUVNMBS N &WFU EBIB LFUVN PMEVLMBS O TÚZMFZFCJMJSJN BNB .VSBU O GBSL .VSBU ÚODFMJLMF LFOEJ TJOF LBSʰ DÚNFSU ,FOEJTJOF TVOEVʓV CJS Ú[HàSMàL BMBO JÎFSJTJOEF WBSPMV ZPS WF CV JNSFOJMFDFL CJS ʰFZ #VOV PUPCJZPHSBĕEF 4FOGPOJ EF HÚSàZPSV[ TJ[ EF GBSL FUNJʰTJOJ[EJS 4FOGPOJ CJS Nà[JʓF GPO PMVʰUVSNVZPS 4FOGPOJ OJO LFOEJTJ Nà[JL 0SBEB CJS OPUB EFęFSJ V[BO ZPS WF OPUB ÎJ[HJMFSJOJO à[FSJO EF LFOEJOF IFS UFMEFO ÎBMNB IBLL O WFSFO CJS SFTTBN O IBZBU OEBO SFT NJOEFO BOMBS ÚSOFLMFS WBS #V IFS NJ UFMEFO ÎBMBCJMNF Ú[HàSMàʓàOà LFOEJTJ OF WFSNFTJOJ CFO TPO EFSFDF JMIBN WFSJDJ CVMVZPSVN )BLJLBUFO CV UBSJG FUUJʓJO LFOEJOJ CJS J[N F CJS TUJMF NBILVN FEFOMFSEFO WF IBUUB LFOEJ ZBSBUU ʓ CJS UBS[B LFOEJOJ IBQTFEJQ CVOV QJZBTB EBZBUNBMBS ZMB J[BI F EFOMFSEFO ÎPL GBSLM ±PʓV CJMEJʓJNJ[ SFTTBN UFL CJS SFTNJO WBSZBTZPOMBS JMF àO LB[BO ZPS IFQ BZO ÎJ[HJEF Jʰ TBU ZPS WF CV ÎJ[HJTJ CJS JN[B IBMJOF HFMJZPS #V ʰFLJMEF QJZBTBEB LFOEJOF CJS ZFS CVMVZPS "EOBO : ME [ #JS HÚSTFM EPLV PMVʰV ZPS -FZMB (FEJ[ #VOV L SNBZ CBʰBSBO &LTQSFTZPOJTUMFSEFO CBITFUUJO 0ZTB LPTLPDB CJS 1JDBTTP WBS 4POSB ʰBIBOF
1IJMJQ (VTUPO ÚSOFʓJ WBS FO TFWEJʓJN TBOBUÎ MBSEBO CJSJTJ (FSÎFLUFO EF BO T [ O EFʓJʰUJSJZPS UFLOJʓJOJ WF ÎPL EBIB TFSCFTU ÎPL EBIB Ú[HàO CJS E ʰBWVSVNB T ÎSBNB ZBQ ZPS #V NàNLàO #BʰLB CJS ÚSOFLTF %BWJE )PDLOFZ "ODBL CFO HFOÎ L [LFO FUSBG NEB &SHJO ɗOBO MBS "EOBO ±PLFS MFSMF CàZàEàNy #V IPDBMBS O SFTJNMFSJOF CBL Q CBL Q IBZSFU FEFSEJN )FQ BZO ʰFZ IFQ BZO ʰFZ 3BINFUMJ ½NFS 6MVÎ UBO UVU EBy 0ZTB ,PNFU ÚZMF NJEJS "TMB %JʓFSMF SJOJO UBL M Q LBME ʓ CV UFLSBS BOMBZ ʰ CFMLJ CJS KFOFSBTZPOVO CFMLJ EF LBU L T [ NPEFSOJ[NJO CJS UVUVDVMVʓVEVS ÚZMF CJMF PMTB CFOJN JÎJO CV UBWS LBCVM FUNFL IFMF EF CFOJNTFNFL JNLBOT [ CJS ʰFZEJ .VSBU O BSBʰU SNBMBS O CVO DB TFWNFNJO OFEFOJ EF CV ½UF ZBOEBO CFOJN HJCJ ʰBOTM EB .VSBU #V JʰUFO JMMB QBSB LB[BOBZ N CVOVOMB ZBʰBZBZ N JM HJCJ CJS EFSEJ EF ZPL QJZBTB LBZH MBS O EBO V[BL UVUBCJMJZPS LFOEJOJ Ã[FSJOF CJ[F EJZPS LJ i&ZWBMMBI CFOJN CàUàO SFTJNMFSJN BZS UFMMFSEFO ÎBM ZPS GBLBU CFO ZJOF IFQTJOJ JTUFSTFN NFUSF F OJOEF CJS SFTJNEF CVMVʰUVSVSVN #FO CV QSPCMFNJ EF ÎÚ[FSJNw #V OPLUBEB CJ[JN JʰJNJ[ POVO BÎ T OEBO ÎÚ[àNMFO NJʰ CJS QSPCMFNJ ZFOJ CJS NFLBOEB WF UàN EJʓFS SFTJNMFSJOJ LBQTBZBDBL ʰFLJM EF ZFOJEFO FMF BMNBL ,BCBDB CJ[ POVO SFTJNMFSJOEFO OBT M CJS TFOGPOJ UàSFUF CJMJSJ[ WF CV TFOGPOJOJO EJMJ CVHàO OBT M
PMNBM #J[JN TPSVMBS N [ CVOMBSE .FTFMB CVHàO 4FOGPOJ EFZJODF JOTB O O BLM OB LJMJTF HJCJ ZàDF CBʓMBNMBS HFMJZPS 0ZTB CJ[ SFTNJO IJZFSBSʰJTJOJ EF PSUBEBO LBME SNBL JTUFEJL 5àN TBOBU EBMMBS JÎFSJTJOEF SFTNJ àTUàO UVUNBZ EB SFTTBN EFIB EJZFSFL BZ S NBZ EB BOMBNT [ IBUUB HàMàOÎ CVMEVL 3FTNJ CV LBCBL UBE WFSFO EàʰàODF MFSEFO T Z S Q EBIB LBWSBNTBM EBIB HàODFM CJS [FNJO JÎFSJTJOF ÎFLFCJMNFL WF EJʓFS TBOBU EBMMBS ZMB FʰJU CJS Eà[ MFNEF EBIB BZBLMBS ZFSF CBTBS EBIB IBZBUB ZBL O CJS ZFSEF UVUNBL JÎJO ÎB CBMBE L .VSBU LJʰJMJʓJ WF FW BUÚMZF ZBʰBOU T JMF UàN EàʰàODFMFSJNJ[JO LBSʰ M ʓ O CJ[F TVOEV .FLBOB HJSEJʓJ NJ[EF JTFy "TM OEB CJSB[ PZBMBE L 1JMPU V 1MBO à[FSJOEF ÎBM ʰBDBʓ [ EF EJL 0ZTB CVOV ZBQNBE L &MCFU LBGB N [EB CJS ʰFZMFS WBSE GBLBU IFSʰFZ N [ NFLBOB HJSEJʓJNJ[EF ʰFLJMMFOEJ /BT M LJ TBOBUÎ CJS UVWBM à[FSJOEF CB[FO BZMBSDB CB[FO Z MMBSDB ÎBM ʰ ZPS CJS TFSHJOJO EF LVSVMVN TàSFTJOF JIUJZBD WBS #J[JN CVOB JIUJZBD N [ WBSE #V CFʰ HàO CJS MàLTUà ,FOEJ UFDSàCFMF SJNEFO TÚZMFZFZJN HFOFMEF CJS TBOBU Î ZB HàO WFSJMJS (BMFSJZF HFM JʰJOJ BT #ÚZMF CJ[JN ZBQU ʓ N [ HJCJ V[VO V[BE ZB HàO HàO HàO UBSUNBL EFOFNFL ZFSMFʰUJSNFL PUVSUBOB LBEBSy ɗʰUF CV CàZàL CJS MàLTUà
"EOBO : ME [ "NB JʰUF .VSBU O HàODFM PMBOB NPEB PMBOB USFOE PMBOB I [M PMBOB LBSʰ LFOEJ TBOBUÎ UBWS ZMB ʰFLJM MFOFO EVSVʰV CFMLJ EPʓBM PMBSBL TFSHJ OJO NFUPEVOB EB TàSFDJOF EF TJOEJ ±àOLà IFS TFSHJOJO CJS NFUPEV WBS #FO IFS TFSHJZJ CÚZMF ZFSMFʰUJSNJZPSVN ZBOJ GBSLM QSPKFMFSEF CJS ÚODFMJL CJS UBLWJN CJS QMBO ZBQNBO HFSFLJZPS BNB CVSBEBLJ QMBO ÎPL CFMMJZEJ &MJNJ[F SF TJNMFSJ BM Q NFLBOEB EÚOFDFLUJL -FZMB (FEJ[ "ZOFO CFO EF POV BOMBU NBZB ÎBM ʰ ZPSVN #VSBEB CJS EJ[J PMBZ DFSFZBO FUUJ FQFZDF CJS ʰFZ ZBʰBOE &M DF CFU TFSHJ LFOEJMJʓJOEFO PSUBZB Î LNBE #J[ EF J[MFZJDJZF JQVÎMBS C SBLNBL JTUF EJL ½SOFʓJO ʰV UVWBMJO BMU OEB CB[ B L OU MBS WBS ʰBZFU P EJLLBUJ HÚTUFSEJOJ[ TF EVWBSEB MFLFMFS PMEVʓVOV HÚSNàʰ TàOà[EàS 4V BL U MN ʰ PSBEB 5VWBMJ EVWBSB HFSFCJMNFL JÎJO IBSDBE ʓ N [ FGPSVO FO BÎ L JQVDV CV :BʰBOBO TàSF DJ PMBCJMEJʓJOF QBZMBʰNBL JTUFEJL
"EOBO : ME [ 4àUVOB EBZBM EVSBOMBS OBT M HFSJMEJZTF EVWBSEBLJ EF BZO ZÚOUFNMF HFSJMEJ #JS BOMBNEB PSBEB UVWBM JÎJO UBIUB OFZTF CVSBEB NFLBO PMBSBL JʰMFEJ HBMFSJOJO ĕ[JLTFM ZBQ T CJS BIʰBQ HJCJ JTLFMF HJCJ JʰMFEJ -FZMB (FEJ[ 3FTNF EFTUFL PMEV FWFU "EOBO : ME [ 0CKFMFʰUJ NFLBOTBMMBʰ U SFTJNy .VSBU IFZLFM PLVEV SFTJN PLVNBE WF SFTNJOEF IFS [BNBO IFZ LFM NFTFMFTJ ÎPL TFSU CJS ʰFLJMEF DJEEJ CJS ʰFLJMEF OFU ZBOJ IFNFO PLVOVZPS #J[ CVHàO LFOEJ BSBN [EB EFEJL LJ CFMLJ .VSBU CV TFSHJEFO TPOSB IFZLF MF oBSB BSB ZBQU ʓ HJCJ HFSJ EÚOFCJMJS ZBLMBʰBCJMJS ÎàOLà TFSHJOJO HFOFMJOJ HF[EJʓJOJ[ [BNBO SFTNJO JÎJOEFLJ OFTOF PMNB EVSVNV IBMJ SFTNJO PCKF PMBSBL ĕ[JLTFM EVSVNV IFZLFMMF JMJʰ LJTJ FOTUFMBTZPOMBʰNBT SFTNJO CV HàO HàODFM CJS EJMMF UBSU ʰ MNBT O O HàO Hà UFL ZPMVy 3FTNJO OBT M FOTUBMBTZPO MBʰU ʓ O UBSU ʰBCJMNFLy#V HàODFMMF NPEFSO BSBT OEBLJ LÚQSà #J[JN V[ MBʰU ʓ N [ CJS CPZVU WBS SFTJNMF JMJʰ LJMJ PMBSBLy #FO J[MFZJDJ PMBSBL SFT NJ ÎPL TFWFSJN BNB SFTNJ TFWNFNJO EF LBWSBNTBM CJS OFEFOJ WBS ÎàOLà EF L SFTJN ÚZMF CJS BSLFPMPKJL CBL ʰ TBʓM ZPS LJy 3FTJN CVHàO CJ[F POVO JÎJ OF HJSFO UBSU ʰNBMBS O TBOBU UBSJITFM CJS V[BN PMVZPS LFOEJ JÎJOEF ZBOJ
UBSJITFMMFʰFCJMJZPS IFNFO SFGFSBOTMBS EJ[FCJMJZPSTVOy ±PL ÚOFNMJ -FZMB (FEJ[ #FO EF .VSBU O IFZLFMMF PMBO JMJʰLJTJOEFO ÎPL UJZBUSP JMF PMBO J MJʰLJTJOJO IBUUB TBIOF UBTBS N BMBO O EBLJ UFDSàCFMFSJOJO EFWMFU UJZBUSPMBS JÎJO ZBQN ʰ PMEVʓV Ú[FMMJLMF (PHPM VO JÎJO Z QJZFTMFSJ JÎJO HFSÎFLMFʰUJSEJʓJ TBIOF UB TBS NMBS O O J[MFSJOJ TàSEàN .VSBU O CV HFÎNJʰJ IFQ BLM N [EBZE ½[FMMJLMF EF L SN [ PEBEB CVOV IJTTFUUJL IFQJ NJ[ ÎàOLà PSBT LFOEJMJʓJOEFO CJS TBI OF BSLBT EVZHVTV VZBOE S ZPSEV Cà UàOàZMF UJZBUSP JMF JMJʰLJMJ
CJSB[ LPNJL BTM OEB ÎàOLà .VSBU JÎJO CV SFTJN CJUNJʰ CJS SFTJNEJ #JU NJʰ SFTNJ CJUNFNJʰ CJUNFNJʰMFSJ JTF CJUNJʰ HJCJ TFSHJMFNFNJ[ FTQSJMJ CJS LBSʰ UM L PMEV .VSBU O TJOFNBZMB LVSEVʓV JMJʰLJZJ EF 5BUJ WF 'BTTCJOEFS SFTJNMFSJ à[FSJOEFO ÚSOFLMFNFZF UBSJĘFNFZF ÎBM ʰU L &O ÎPL EB 4FOGP OJ OJO TJOFNBUPHSBĕL LVSHVTVOB T SU N [ ZBTMBE L UBCJJ Nà[JʓJZMF WT Eà ʰàOEàʓàOà[EF 4FSHJOJO CàUàOàOF EFWBN FEFO CJS QSPEàLTJZPO IJTTJ WFSNFL JTUFEJL ½ZMFEJS ZB TBIOF BS LBT OEB WFZB ĕMN TFUMFSJOEFy ɗʰUF P ZBʰBZBO EVZHVZV BUÚMZFEFO HBMFSJZF UBʰ NBL JTUFEJL "EOBO : ME [ ±àOLà .VSBU SFTJNMF SJOJ TàSFLMJ EFʓJʰUJSJZPS
"EOBO : ME [ ;BUFO 1JMPU PSBEB IFQ WJEFP HÚTUFSJZPS -FZMB (FEJ[ %VWBSMBS L SN [ LVNBʰMB LBQM y #ÚZMF PMVODB CJ[ EF .VSBU O ÎPL ĕHàSMà CàZàL UBCMPMBS OEBO CJSJTJ OJ TBIOF BSLBT OEB CPZBT EFWBN FEFO CJS EFLPS SFTNJ HJCJ UFʰIJS FUUJL #V EB
-FZMB (FEJ[ $P QJMPU VO BMU LBU HJSJʰJ OJ EàQFEà[ CJS GVBZF HJCJ EàʰàOEàL 0MVS ZB TJOFNB LBGFMFSJOEF UJZBUSP WF PQFSB MPCJMFSJOEF EVWBSMBSEB àOMà BLUÚS WF BLUSJTMFSJO GPUPʓSBĘBS ZFS BM S #J[ EF HBMFSJOJO HJSJʰJOJ CÚZMF BMH MBE L WF PSBZB .VSBU O LFOEJOJ ÎBM ʰU ʓ FTLJ[ MFSJOJ BTU L ɮVOV EB TÚZMFZFCJMJSJ[ .VSBU O SFTJNMFSJOEF LBISBNBOMBS O UàNà CJSFS BLUÚS TBOLJ )FQTJ CJSFS PZVODV IFQTJ EF QP[ LFTJZPS 7F FSLFL MJL UFNBT ÚOF Î L ZPS ±PL B[ LBE O SFTNFUNJʰ &SLFLMFSJ CJSCJSJOEFO GBSL M WàDVU EJMMFSJ EVSVʰMBS JÎ IBMMFSJ JMFy
"EOBO : ME [ "SLBT OEBLJ SFTNJ HÚTUF SFSFL #VOV BOMBUBDBLT O EJZF CFLMJZP SVN -FZMB (FEJ[ #FO NJ BOMBUBDBʓ N POV #FO P SFTNF JMIBN WFSFO ĕMNJO EFUBZ MBS OB ÎPL IBLJN EFʓJMJN BNB HÚSEàʓà Nà[ 'BTTCJOEFS JO A ɗTUBTZPO ɮFĕ OJO ,B S T ĕMNJOEFO ÎPL L TB CJS BO BOMBE ʓ N LBEBS ZMB #V BTLFSJ CJS LBSBLUFS àOJGPS NBM CJS NFNVS WF ĕMNEF ÎPL L TB HÚ [àLàZPS ĕMNJ J[MFNFEJN .FNVSVO ZB O OEBLJ EFWFLVʰV JTF EÚOàʰàNà TFN CPMJ[F FEJZPS WF NFNVSVO LBʰ HÚ[à PZOVZPS "Î LÎB CV NFNVS EFWFLVʰV OVO EVSVʰVOV UBLMJU FEJZPS WF CVOVOMB CJS EÚOàʰàNF IB[ S PMEVʓVOV HÚTUFSJZPS "TLFSJ CJS àOJGPSNB UBʰ ZPS BNB TBOLJ CJS EÚOàʰàN HFÎJSFDFL LJNMJL EFʓJʰUJSF DFLy "EOBO : ME [ #FO ĕMNJO ZFSMJ WFSTJ ZPOVOV IBU SMBS HJCJZJN ,BS T UBSB G OEBO BMEBU ME LÎB EBIB EB TFSUMFʰJQ EBIB EB GBʰJTUMFʰFO CJS ĕHàS #FO CV OV .VSBU MB LPOVʰBNBE N BNB IBU S MBE ʓ N LBEBS ZMB ZB 5àSLBO ɮPSBZ O ZB EB CBʰLB CJSJOJO PZOBE ʓ MFS TP OVOEB MBS CBʰ OEB 5àSLJZF EF ÎFLJM NJʰ CJS ĕMNEF 'BTTCJOEFS JO ĕMNJOEFO FQFZ NPUJG WBSy
-FZMB (FEJ[ %BIB GBʰJTUMFʰJZPS EJZPS TVO QFLJ BNB TBO S N CFO EBIB GPSNBM CBL ZPSVN LFOEJTJOF WF CV ÚZ LàEFO CBʓ NT [ PMBSBL POV TFWEJN WF LBCVMMFOEJN :BO OEBLJ IBZWBOMB WF IBZWBO O QP[VZMB JLJTJOJO BM ʰWFSJʰJy (FSJTJOJ ÎPL EB ÎÚ[NFL JTUFNJZPSVN ÎPL EB CJMNFL JTUFNJZPSVN BTM OEB "EOBO : ME [ %FęFSMFSEFO LPQVQ HJU UJʓJOEF FNJOJN GBSL FUNJʰTJOJ[EJS #PZVU JMJʰLJTJ PMVZPS .BTBEBO CJS BÎ HÚSàZPSTVO CJS EFęFS ZBQSBʓ HJCJ BÎ M ZPS -FZMB (FEJ[ &WFU POV CV Zà[EFO PSBZB ZFSMFʰUJSEJL BNB ZJOF ĕMNJO JÎFSJʓJZMF JMHJMJ LBSBLUFSF EBJS CV TBMPOEB CJ[EFO EBIB CJMHJMJ CJSJ WBSTB MàUGFOy
"EOBO : ME [ 'VMZB CVSBEB P LFTJO CJMJS 'VMZB &SEFNDJ .VSBU UBO EVZEVʓVNV BLUBSBZ N TJ[F "TM OEB CV ĕHàS JTUBT ZPO ʰFĕOJO ZBO OEBLJ LPOEàLUÚS ZBOJ ʰFĕO LFOEJTJ EFʓJM ɗTUBTZPO ʰFĕ FʰJ UB SBG OEBO TàSFLMJ BMEBU M ZPS WF EF CV J LJODJ LBSBLUFS ʰFĕO BMU OEB PMBO LBSBL UFS HJEFSFL EBIB EB GBʰJTUMFʰJZPS WF OF SFEFZTF NJMJUFS CJS IBMF HFMJZPS #FOJN BOMBE ʓ N 'BTTCJOEFS EFO ÚZMF CJS ʰFZ LJ CV GBʰJ[N ZB EB IBLJN PMNBL JLUJ EBS JOTBO O LBSBLUFSJ EFʓJM BNB CJS EV SVNVO PSUBZB HFUJSEJʓJ CJS ʰFZ :BOJ IF QJNJ[ CVOB EÚOàʰFCJMJSJ[ 0OV TÚZMà ZPS BTM OEB FSLFʓF EBJS JLUJEBS TJTUFN WF y "EOBO : ME [ #V BOFLEPU CJ[F ÎPL JZJ HFMEJ TFSHJZF CBLBSTBO [ SFTJNMFSJO BT M OEB .VSBU O LFOEJ LJNMJL BSBZ ʰ ZMB CJSFCJS CJS JMHJTJ ZPLy .VSBU O SFTJNMF SJ UPQMVNTBM DJOTJZFU CFEFOJO EÚOàʰàNà ZB EB T O GTBM ÎBU ʰNBO O FSLFLMJLMF JMJʰ LJTJ BOMBN OEB ZB EB LBNVTBM PMBO O EPMBʰBO O E ʰBS EB IBSFLFU FEFOJO ZB EB SPNBOUJ[F FEJMFOJO CàUàO CVOMBS O JÎJOEFLJ L S MNBZB CBL ZPSy :BOJ P BOMBNEB 5BOFS $FZMBO HJCJ EFʓJM UFN TJMJ CJS DJOTFM LJNMJL UBTWJSJOEFO CBITF EFNFZJ[ .VSBU LFOEJ LJʰJTFM DJOTFMMJL L S MNBT O SFTNFUNJZPS CJSB[ EBIB NBLSP CJSB[ EBIB UPQMVNTBM CJS QFST QFLUJęFO CBITFEJZPSV[ #JSB[ EBIB
FEFCJ CJS EFSJOMJLUFO CBITFEJZPSV[ 4BEFDF LFOEJOJO QFʰJOEF CJS LFOEJMJL UFO CBITFUNJZPSV[ TBEFDF LFOEJZMF JMJʰLJMJ CJS SFTJN JMJʰLJTJOEFO EF CBITFU NJZPSV[ )BUUB CV TFSHJZF QBSBMFM PMB SBL CFMLJ CBʰLB CJS ʰFZJ EJQOPU PMBSBL BUNBL MB[ N JMHJOÎUJS GFNJOJTUMFS BSU L LBE O WF LBE O DJOTFMMJʓJOJ BSBʰU SNBL UBO CJSB[ T L ME MBS MFSJO CBʰ OEBO CFSJ NBTLàMFOJUFOJO CV BMBOEB BSUBSBL ÎBM ʰ MBO CJS ʰFZ PMEVʓVOV HÚSàZPSTV OV[ &SLFL JNBK OEB CJS L S MNB ZPL NV .FEZB SFLMBN UFMFWJ[ZPO NPEB 4JOFLLBZE USBʰM $MBSL (BCMF [BUFO ÎPLUBO HJUUJ HJUUJ BNB ZFSJOF TBLBMM UàZMà UFTUFTUFSPO LVUMBNBT HJCJ #FSOIBSE 8JMMIFMN EFĕMFMFSJOEFLJ TPO .BSMCPSP ZB EB ) . SFLMBN OEB HÚSEàʓàOà[ EFʓJʰFO FSLFL JNBK O EàʰàOàOy #PM L MM 5FTUFTUFSPOVO EÚOàʰàNà #VOMBSB CV SFTJNMFSMF CFSBCFS CBLU ʓ O [ [BNBO ZBOJ E ʰBS ZB Î LBM N FNJOJN ZBOEBLJ FD[BOFOJO WJUSJOJOEF BT M EVSBO SFLMBNMBSEB ʰBNQVBO ZB EB 7JBHSB FSLFLMFS àTUTà[y &SLFL CFEFOJOJO àTU L TN HÚʓàTMFSJ BÎ LUB PMVODB LJNTF D OHBS Î LBSN ZPS BNB CB[FO BÎ LUB LBMN ʰ CJS LBE O NFNFTJ L ZBNFUJ LPQBS ZPS .VSBU ÎPL JZJ CJS TPTZBM HÚ[MFNDJy -FZMB (FEJ[ &WFU SFTNJO TFSHJ JÎFSJTJO EFLJ NFSLF[J LPOVNV ĕMNJO CBʓMBN O EBO ÚUFZF TPSVMBS TPSEVSVZPS #JS EÚOà
ʰàN WBS BNB JZJZF EPʓSV NV LÚUàZF EPʓSV NV POV CJMNJZPSV[ 'JMNEF LB SBLUFSJO EBIB GBʰJ[BO CJS ĕHàSF EÚOàʰ UàʓàOà TÚZMàZPSTVOV[ BODBL CFO ĕHàS àO EFWFLVʰVOV UBLMJU FUNFLMF CFSBCFS IBĕĘFEJʓJOJ IJTTFEJZPSVN "TLFSJ àOJ GPSNB HJZEJʓJ IBMEF BMU O O Î QMBL PMNB T Bʓ S CJS HàOEFNJO IBĕGF BM ONBT HJCJ 3FTJN CàUàO CV ÎFMJʰLJMFSJZMF POV BUÚMZFEF HÚSEàʓàN JML BOEBO CFSJ ZFS EF SVMP IBMEF CVMEVN POV CFOJ NFSBL UB C SBL ZPS ±PL UVIBG CJS SFTJN TFSHJ EFLJ CJSÎPL SFTJNEFO EF GBSLM :BMO [ LBMNBT O EJZF ZBO OB CJS BSLBEBʰ O BTU L BNB TUJM PMBSBL ZJOF EF ÎPL GBSLM EBIB ÎJ[HJTFM EBIB EFTFOF ZBL O #V JLJ
BSLBEBʰ CV TFCFQUFO WJUSJO JÎFSJTJO EFLJ OPU EFęFSMFSJOF ZBL O ZFSMFʰUJSEJL ɮBTFTJOEFO Î LBS Q LBʓ UMBʰU S Q BEFUB CJS ZBQSBL HJCJ EVWBSB BTU L EFęFSEFO UVWBMF 3FTNJO BOMBU T JÎJOEF ZFSBMBO EÚOàʰàNà CFO[FʰNFZJ CJSFS NFUBGPS PMBSBL ZFSMFʰUJSNFNJ[EF LVMMBOE L ½UF ZBOEBO EFWBN FEFDFL PMVSTBL NFTFMB $P QJMPU VO BTNB LBU OEB .VSBU O ÎPL EBIB FTLJ SFTJNMFSJOF ZFS WFSEJL "EOBO : ME [ 4FSHJEF FTLJ SFTJNMFS EF WBS EFEJL BNB FTLJ OF ZFOJ OF iHàODFM TBOBUw EJZPSV[ BNB CB[FO ÎBCVL UàLF UJMJZPS CV BOMBNEB OFSFEFZTF UJ Z MM L SFTJNMFS
-FZMB (FEJ[ .VSBU O EBIB GBOUBTUJL LPNQP[JTZPOMBS %BIB UFBUSBM NJ[BO TFOMFS GBOUBTUJL LVSHVMBS JÎFSJTJOEF PS UBÎBʓ ĕHàSMFSJ 'JHàSMFSJO LBSBOM LMB EBOT ɗMHJOÎ CJS ʰFZ CVOMBS EB ZBQN ʰ #FMLJ P T SBMBS EBIB LMBTJL EBIB Nà[F MJL SFTJNMFSMF LPOVʰNBL JTUFEJ POMBSB ZBL O EVSNBL JTUFEJ #V SFTJNMFSJ .V SBU O BUÚMZFTJOEF HÚSEàʓàNEF ʰVOV EàʰàOEàN CàZàL EàOZBMBS LVSNVʰ JÎ MFSJOEF WF à[FSJOF CJS EF SFTJNMFSJ CÚZMF LPDB LPDB ÎFSÎFWFMFS JÎJOEF #JS .VSBU B CJS SFTJNMFSF CBL ZPSVN .VSBU PSBZ HFÎNJʰ ÎPLUBO ɮJNEJ HFMNJʰ ,BSBLÚZ EF LJ BUÚMZFTJOJO QFODFSFTJOEFO W [ S W [ S JʰMFZFO NFZEBOB CBL ZPS WF BʰBʓ EB UB L MBO CFZB[ HÚNMFLMJMFSJ FTOBG SFTNF EJZPS )BSFLFU IBMJOEFMFS JMJʰLJ JÎJOEF MFS NFZEBO CJS UVWBM HJCJ EàʰàOàSTFL EVSNBLT [ O P UVWBMF HJSJQ Î L ZPSMBS WF .VSBU EB CJS OFWJ JTUBTZPO ʰFĕ BTM OEB LVMFEF EVSVZPS WF POMBS HÚ[MàZPS
"EOBO : ME [ 4PLBLUB HF[FOMFSJO FMJO EFLJ P UFMFGPOMBSEB BTM OEB TFSHJEFLJ CàUàO EJʓFS JNBKMBS O EPMBʰU ʓ O EB IBZBM FEFCJMJSJ[ .VSBU CVOV BUÚMZFTJ OJO QFODFSFTJOEFO ZBLBM ZPS CFODF
HÚSàZPSVN #VSBEB ÎFWSFTJOF ZVLBS EBO CBLBO EBIB GB[MB CJMFO ZB EB CJM EJʓJOJ TBOBO CJSJOJ HÚSàZPSVN 7F ZJ OF ʰJNEJ WF CVSBEB BZBLMBS ZFSF CB TBO CJSJOJ HÚSàZPSVN
-FZMB (FEJ[ &WFU BNB ʰVOV EB TÚZMF NFL MB[ N BTNB LBUMB JMHJMJy #VSBEB NF LJ SFTJNMFS WF BTNB LBUUBLJMFS BSBT O EB HFSÎFLUFO CàZàL GBSLM M LMBS WBS .VSBU 4FOGPOJ TJOEF CV GBSLM EJMMFSJO CàUàOàOà CJS BSBZB HFUJSJZPS 'BOUBTUJL [BNBOT [ EàOZBMBSEBO UBN EB ʰVSBEB JÎJOEFO HFÎUJʓJNJ[ CV BOB HFMNFTJ ÎPL HFOJʰ CJS ZFMQB[FEF EàʰàOEàʓàOà WF IFQ P TÚ[àOà FUUJʓJ iHFOJʰ [BNBOw LFOEJTJOF ZBʰBUU ʓ O O CJS JTQBU PMNBM #ÚZMFTJ CJS HFOJʰ [BNBO BMH T OEB .V SBU CJ[F FSLFLMJʓJO EF CJOCJS IBMJOJ WF SJZPS ɮVSBEB CJS ÎPDVL HÚSàZPSVN UBWBOBSBT OEB PZVO PZOVZPS %FSLFO CàZàL IàMZBMBS PMBO HFOÎ CJS BEBN
"EOBO : ME [ (BMJCB SFTNJO TBOBU TFW HJTJ JÎJO ʰÚZMF CJS HàDà WBS #àUàO CV SFTJNMFS CJS LJʰJOJO TPMPTVOEB CVMVʰV ZPS BNB CJS UBSBęBO EB LPOVʰUVLMBS N [ TBOBU O "#$ TJ HJCJ ,POVʰUVLÎB SFTJN CBʰLB LBOBMMBS EB BÎ ZPS -FZMB (FEJ[ ±PL TBNJNJ EFʓJM NJ JÎJOEF CVMVOEVʓV IFS EVSVNV P BO O CJMHJTJZMF IàMZBMBS ZMB BS[VTV WF ÚėF TJZMF OF ZBʰ ZPSTB POVO SFTNJOJ ZBQ U ʓ O EàʰàOàZPSVN "EOBO : ME [ ɗ[JOEFO CBITFEFSLFO .VSBU ʰÚZMF CJS ʰFZ EFEJ i#FO CàUàO UBSU ʰNBMBS UBLJQ FEJZPSVNyw #BOB CV ÎPL JMHJOÎ HFMEJ :BOJ LPQNBE N JÎJO EFZEJN TBEFDF TFSHJ ZBQNBE N EJZPS #PSJT (SPZT VO CV BOMBNEB CFMLJ UFLSBS EàʰàOàMNFTJ HFSFLFO CJS JGBEFTJ WBS CVHàO CJS ʰFZJO TBOBU PMNBT JÎJO TFSHJ MFOJS PMNBT ÎPL ÚOFNMJ EJZPS :BOJ TFS HJMFNFOJO LFOEJTJ TFSHJMFNF FZMFNJOJO LFOEJTJ ÎPL CFMJSHJO Ú[FMMJLMF TBOBU OF EJS TBOBU P NVEVS CV NVEVS OF TBOBU EJ U S FO TBOBU OFEJS TPSVMBS OB JMJʰLJO PMB SBL EàʰàOàODF 7F TFSHJMFS BSU L UFL CB ʰ OB LFOEJMFSJ TBOBU àSFUJZPSMBS 0 EB CJS
I [ HFUJSJZPS #BL ZPSVN TBOBUÎ MBS TFS HJEFO TFSHJZF Jʰ àSFUJZPS Jʰ àSFUNFLUFO LBT U QSPEàLTJZPO ZBQ ZPSMBS IFQJNJ[ EF CV I [MB HJEFO HFOÎ TBOBU O QFʰJOEF LPʰBS HJCJ PMEVL .VSBU O SFTJNMFSJOF CÚZMF CJS QFSTQFLUJęFO CBLU ʓ O [EB IFSIBOHJ CJS TFSHJZF IFSIBOHJ CJS UBSJIF IFSIBOHJ CJS HBMFSJZF IFSIBOHJ CJS QSPKF ZF Jʰ àSFUNF EFSEJ PMNBEBO Ú[HàS àSF àSFUJMNJʰ FTFSMFS HÚSàZPSVN :BOJ P Zà[EFO GPSNMBS OEB CPZVUMBS OEB JÎMFSJOEF TPO EFSFDF CBʓ NT [MBS )B ZBM HàÎMFSJZMF CBʓMBOU MBS ÎPL CBLJSy #FO CVSBEB TFSHJ ZBQBDBʓ N EÚSU EV WBS WBS ʰV LBEBS Jʰ àSFUNFN HFSFL UàSà IFTBQMBSB HJSJMNFEFO ZBQ MN ʰMBS 0 Zà[EFO ÎPL Ú[HàSMFS ½ZMF CBLU ʓ O EB CV CBOB CJ[F ÎPL JMIBN WFSEJ 4FS HJ JZJ NJ PMEV LÚUà Nà PMEV CJMNJZP SVN BNB CJS UFL ʰFZEFO FNJOJN TFS HJOJO TBNJNJ PMEVʓVOV CJMJZPSVN 1FLJ CJ[F TPSVOV[ WBS N -FZMB (FEJ[ &WFU TPSVMBS PMVSTB CFO EF ÎPL TFWJOFDFʓJN
4PSV ɮJNEJ TJ[ SFTJNMFSJ FMFEJʓJOJ[EFO CBITFUUJOJ[ WF CJS LPNQP[JTZPO PMVʰUVS EVʓVOV[EBO CBITFUUJOJ[ #VOV PMVʰUV SVSLFO CV TFSHJZJ BÎBSLFO ʰFZ EJZF Eà ʰàOàZPS NVTVOV[ CFO CFʓFOEJN CÚZMF PMTVO :BOJ JOTBOMBSB HÚSF NJ LFOEJOJ[F HÚSF NJ FNQBUJ LVSVZPS NVTVOV[ ZPL TB CJ[ CÚZMF CFʓFOEJL CÚZMF PMTVO NV EJZPSTVOV[ "EOBO : ME [ /BT M CJS GPUPʓSBGB CJMHJ TBZBS OEB 1IPUPTIPQ BÎ LLFO CBLBSLFO FLSBO OEB CJSUBL N HSJEMFS WBS LBSʰ OB CB[ DFUWFMMFS Î LBS 4BOBU O EB CJSUBL N DFUWFMMFSJ WBS #J[ DFUWFMMFSMF NF[VSBMBS DF MB ÎBM ʰU L #JS EJM CJS HSBNFS WBS #JS ʰFZ LPOVʰVSLFO CB[ SFGFSBOTMBS PSUBZB Î L ZPS 0 DFUWFMMFSMF CBLU ʓ O [BNBO ZBL O CJS BÎ HÚSàZPSTVO WF P BÎ Z PSUBZB LPZEVʓVOEB iCFO ZBQU N PMEVw EFNJ ZPSTVO OF IBEEJNJ[F iHBMJCB PMVZPSw EJZPSTVO 0 EB [BUFO CJSMJLUF àSFUJMFO CJS ʰFZ
-FZMB (FEJ[ %JʓFS UBSBęBO CBʰLB LBZ H MBS EB PMEV CJ[ POMBS LPOVʰNBZ EB TFWJZPSV[ B[ ÚODF SFTNJO UJDBSJ CPZV UVOEBO CBITFUUJL /F PMVSTB PMTVO CV SBT UJDBSJ CJS HBMFSJ .BMVN CFO EF Z MMBSDB HBMFSJMFS JMF ÎBM ʰU N #FOJN CJMEJʓJN SFTJN TFSHJMFOJSLFO WF TFÎJ MJSLFO QFL ÎPL LBZH HÚ[ ÚOàOEF CV MVOEVSVMVS 4BU MBCJMJS SFTJNMFSJO TFS HJMFONFTJOF ÚODFMJL WFSJMJS %PʓBM PMB SBL CVOMBS O IFQTJ CVSBEB EB BÎ LÎB UBSU ʰ ME LPOVʰVMEV #V OPLUBEB FO CàZàL BWBOUBK N [ 1JMPU VO TFSHJMFEJʓJ UBW SE #J[J TPOTV[ Ú[HàS C SBLU MBS "EOBO : ME [ 1FL EF HBMFSJEF ÎBM ʰ ZPSNVʰVN HJCJ IJTTFUNFEJN CFO BÎ L ÎBT -FZMB (FEJ[ #J[F i5JDBSJ LBZH MBS C SBL O VOVUVO 4J[ CVSBEB UBNBNJZMF ZBQNBL JTUFEJʓJOJ[ TFSHJZJ ZBQ O CJ[ EF CVOVO BSLBT OEB EVSBDBʓ [w EFEJ EF MFS #FO ʰPL HFÎJSEJN ÎàOLà CÚZMF CJS HBMFSJ CJMNJZPSVN (BMFSJ BE OB OFSF EFZTF CFO LBZH MBOE N %VSNBLT [ O i"NB PMNB[ LJw iɗZJ BNB CVOMBS [BUFO LPMFLTJZPOEBw iɮVSBZB JLJ SFTJN EBIB FLMFNFMJ NJZJ[w HJCJ ZFSTJ[ TPSV WF FO EJʰFMFSMF CPʓVʰUVN "EOBO : ME [ ±àOLà NFUPEJL LBSBS MBS WFSJZPSTVO WF CB[ NFUPEJL LBSBSMB S O JÎJOEF JʰMFSJOJO IFQTJ ZFSMFʰNJZPS
-FZMB (FEJ[ &WFU P EFOMJ LJ TPOVOEB FO Hà[FM SFTJNMFSEFO CJS UBOFTJOJ UFST TFSHJMFNFL HJCJ CJS LBSBS BME Ly i.B EFN TJ[ CJ[J CV LBEBS SBIBU C SBL ZPS TVOV[ CJ[ EF JʰJ IBLJLBUFO JMFSJ HÚUàSà Sà[w EFNJʰ PMEVL #FOJN JÎJO CàUàOàZMF CV PSUBN O J[JO WFSEJʓJ CJS KFTU PMEV #BʰLB CJS ZFSEF NFTFMB CFO LFOEJ TFSHJ MFSJNEF CÚZMF CJS KFTUF ZFS WFSFCJMNFZJ ÎPL JTUFSEJN GBLBU LPSLBS N CV DFTBSFUJ IJÎ CVMBNBE N /JIBZFU CV TFSHJEF ZB QBCJMEJʓJNJ[ JÎJO CVOEBO ÎPL HVSVS EVZVZPSVN )FN CV HBMFSJ BE OB IFN .VSBU BE OB IFN "EOBO BE OB ±àOLà IBLJLBUFO TFSHJOJO HÚCFʓJOEF EVSVZPS POV LPOVʰNBL MB[ N
TBOMBS UVWBMJ ÎJ[JQ BSLBT O GBMBO ÎFWJS EJMFS 0 PSBEB UFL CBʰ OB CJS Jʰ EFʓJM #àUàO TFSHJ LVSHVTV JÎJOEF TBOBUÎ O O LBWSBNTBM CJS KFTUJ PMBSBL PLVONBM ½ZMF CBLU ʓ O [BNBO EB IFN .VSBU O QTJLPMPKJL BOMBNEB TBOBUÎ BVSBT O ZBOT UBO CJS ZBO WBS CJS UBSBęBO EB SFTNF EBJS ÎPL ĕ[JLTFM CJS ʰFZJ ÚOF Î LBS ZPS -FZMB (FEJ[ ±PL CPZVUMV CJS KFTU HFS ÎFLUFO #J[J EF ÎPL ZàLTFMUUJ ±àOLà V[VO UBSU ʰNBMBS TPOVOEB CJSEFO CJSF PSUBZB Î LBO CJS ÎÚ[àN PMEV "EOBO : ME [ 0 V[VO UBSU ʰNBMBS CFO IFNFO Ú[FUMFZFZJN CJSB[ -FZMB (FEJ[ #V SFTJN CV TBMPOEB IFS ZFSEF EPMBʰU PMNBE
"EOBO : ME [ 0OB ʰÚZMF CBLNBL MB[ N 0 CJS Jʰ EFʓJM LFOEJ CBʰ OB POVO NFLBO QMBO OEB LàOZFTJOF CBLBSTBO PSBEB TB EFDF CJMHJ PMBSBL SFTNJO LFOEJTJOJ WFSJ ZPSV[ 0 ʰBTFZMF CFSBCFS FOTUBMBTZPOMB ʰ Q Jʰ IBMJOF HFMNJZPS ;BUFO MBSEB JO
"EOBO : ME [ 4FSHJOJO CJS NFUPEV WBS #V TFSHJ ZBQNB NFUPEV JÎJOEF TFSHJZF HJSFDFL JʰMFS JÎJOEF JLJ UBOFTJ UBNBNMBON ʰ CJS USJMPKJ EF WBS FMJNJ[ EF 5SJMPKJEFO CJSJ GBSL OEBZTBO [ P L SN [ PEBEB %JʓFSJ EF CV oBSLBT EÚOàL #JS UBOFTJ EF EBIB ZBQ MNBN ʰ UVWBMJ IB[ SMBON ʰ WF CJS PCKFZMF CFSB CFS EF JMJʰLJMFOEJSJMJZPS #ÚZMF CJS Tà SFÎUF CFO SFTNJO JÎJOJ PLVEVʓVNEB JTUFS JTUFNF[ SFTNJO JÎJOEFLJ BOMBU Z NFLBOMB EVSVNMB IBSFLFUMF JMJʰLJMFO EJSNFZF ÎBM ʰU ʓ NEB IBMB BSLBT OEB
Z N P SFTNF EPʓSV CJS QP[JTZPO CVM EVN WF BSBN [EBLJ UBSU ʰNB PSBEB BSU L JZJDF EFSJOMFʰUJ ±àOLà -FZMB GPSNBMJTU LBZH MBSMB WF SFTNF JMJʰLJO CJS ZBLMBʰ NMB JZJ CJS TVOVN ZBQNBL JTUJ ZPS 3FTTBN HÚ[àZMF BSU L TBOUJNMFSEFO CBITFEJZPSV[ #VSBT HFSÎFLUFO CJMHJTB CB ZBS FLSBO HJCJ PMEV #FZB[ CJS CPʰMVL CJMHJTBZBS FLSBO HJCJ CJ[ BSU L VÎVZP SV[ CVSBEB .VSBU O .BUSJY JOJ HÚS NàʰTàOà[EàS CJSB[ QPTU .BUSJY CJS LBGBEBZ [ &MJNJ[EF HF[JZPSV[ SFTJNMFS MF 0 OPLUBEB -FZMB ÎPL DJEEJ CJS ʰFLJM EF CJSUBL N NJNBSJ VOTVSMBSEBO EPMB Z CV QP[JTZPOEBO NVUMV PMNBE ʓ OEBO CBITFUUJ 3FTJN EBIB ÚODF ÎFʰJUMJ ZFSMFS EF CBL ME ʓ NFLBO O JÎJOF CJS EBIB HJSEJ .VSBU EB V[VO CJS TàSF LFOEJ LFO EJOF CJ[JNMF QBZMBʰNBEBO CVOV ±BS ʰBNCB HàOà TPOSBEBO QBZMBʰU CàZàL CPZVUMBSMB LàÎàL CPZVUMBS BSBT OEB CJS NFLBO JÎ WF E ʰ JMJʰLJTJ EF LVSNVʰ ZBOJ CJ[ QBSBMFM FWSFOMFSEF CJS TàSF EPMBʰ N ʰ [ ½ZMF CJS BOE LJ CV KFTU IFQJNJ[J CBʓMBE ɗLJTJ BSBT OEBLJ EFOHFZJ CVMEV 5FL ʰBIJEJ UFL EÚLàNBOUBTZPOV EB CFOJN P KFTUJO 5BSU ʰNBO O CJS OPLUB T OEB P SFTNJO CVSBEBLJ WBSM ʓ OEBO T FNJOEJL IFQJNJ[ BNB SFTNJ IFN CPZVU PMBSBL IFN EF EJʓFS SFTJNMFSMF JMJʰLJ TJOEFO WF TàSFÎUFO EPMBZ UBN ZFSJOEF HÚSFNJZPSEVL 'J[JLTFM PMBSBL CVSBEB PMNBT MB[ N BNB Zà[FZJOEFLJ IJLBZF OJO TFSHJ LVSHVTV JMF JMJʰLJTJOEFO EPMBZ
UBN EB EFʓJM CV UVIBG IJTTJO JÎHàEàTFM PMBSBL GBSL OEBZE L :BMO [ SFTNJO Zà[FZJOEFLJ IJLBZFOJO EJʓFS BOMBU TBM LVSHVMBSMB ÎBU ʰBDBʓ OEB OF PMBDBL CJMFNJZPSEVL Ú[FMMJLMF HÚSTFM CBMBOT ÎPL ZàLTFL Bʓ S CJS ʰFZEFO CBITFEJ ZPSTVOV[ LPDBNBO CJS SFTJN #VSBEB LJ FSLFLMFSJO BSBT OEBLJ P QP[MBNB CBL ʰ P NBUFNBUJʓJ LFTFDFLUJ CBʰLB CJS HFPNFUSJ Î LBSBDBLU #JS BOEB SF TJN UFST ÎFWSJMEJ %BIB LBSBSM CJS UB W SMB POMBS EJʓFS SFTNJO ʰBTFTJZMF CV SFTNJ JZJDF ALJMJUMFEJMFS EJZPSVN ÎàO Là CFO CV UFST ÎFWSJMFO SFTNJO àTUàOF LPOBO ʰBTFZJ EF ÚOFNMJ CVMVZPSVN ±àOLà CJS SFTNJO BSLBT O ÎFWJSFDFL TJO BNB HFMJS J[MFZJDJ EF UFST ÎFWJSJS NFTFMB CFO J[MFZJDJ PMTBN ZBQBS N CJS CBLBS N CV IBMJ ʰBTF JMF CJSMJLUF CBʰLB CJS ʰFZ LJMJUMJ HJCJ -FZMB (FEJ[ ±PL L ʰL SU D HFSÎFLUFO .FSBL O LFOEJTJ IBSJLB CJS ÚʓF LBOM DBOM CVSBEB PMNBT y #FO TBOBU O FO ÎPL NFSBLUBO LBZOBLMBOE ʓ O Eàʰà OàSàN CàUàO P BSBʰU SNBO O TBOBUB EBJS IFS ʰFZJO NFSBLUBO UàSFEJʓJOJ CJS ÎPDVL HJCJ LFʰGFUNFOJO CJS ʰFZJ CBʰLB CJS ʰFZJO ZBO OEB HÚSNFOJO CJS ÚZMF CJS EF CÚZMF CBLNBO O IB[[ ZMB JMJʰLJMFOEJSJSJN 4FSHJ JÎFSJTJOEF CV KFTUJO ZBOT NBMBS O CFO CBʰLB ZFSMFS EF EF HÚSàZPSVN .FTFMB CBʰLB CJS SFTNJ EF ZBS N HJ[MFEJL
(J[MFNF LFOEJ BMBO OB ÎFLJMNF "EOBO O EB EFEJʓJ HJCJ .VSBU O BVSBT OEB WBSE 5BUJ CJS ZÚOFUNFO PMBCJMJS BNB TPOVÎUB CV SFTNJ EF CJS PUPQPSUSF HJCJ PLVZPSV[ ÎàOLà .VSBU B CFO[JZPS .VSBU O EB CÚZMF CJS ʰBQLBT WF QBSEFTàTà WBS 5JQ WF UBW S PMBSBL CFO[JZPS #VOB LBU MBCJ MJSTJOJ[ LBU MNBZBCJMJSTJOJ[ BNB FʓFS SFTJNEFLJ CJS ĕHàS T SU EÚOàL WBS PMB CJMJZPSTB SFTNJO CàUàOà CVOV OJZF ZB QBNBT O #JS BEBN CJSJOF LàTàZPSTB CJS SFTJN TFSHJZF OJZF LàTNFTJO #FMLJ EF L [H O CJ[F #JS TBOBUÎ EB SFTNJOF LàTFS (ÚSNFL JTUFNF[ PMNBE ZTB SFT NJ (ÚSNFL JTUFNF[TJO POV UFST ÎFWJS JSTJO .VSBU O LFOEJ SFTNJ JMF CJS EFSEJ PMEVʓVOV JNB FUNJZPSVN 5FSTJOF CJ[ TFSHJZJ ZFSMFʰUJSJSLFO CJ[JN JLJNJ[JO P SFTJNMF CJS EFSEJNJ[ PMEV 7F OJIBZFU TFSHJEF ÚZMF ÎPL GBSLM BÎ WBS LJ CJS UV WBMF EF UPQZFLVO BSLBT OEBO CBLBM N EFEJL ÎàOLà SFTJN CJS PCKF BZO [B NBOEB TBEFDF JNBKEBO PMVʰNVZPS #VOVO CJS TUSàLUàSà CJS JTLFMFUJ BSLB T OEB .VSBU O JN[BT WBS 3FTJNMFSJ CV ʰFLJMEF OFTOFMMJLMFSJ WF UàN FWSF MFSJZMF CJS CàUàO PMBSBL PLVNB UBSBG UBS Z N :BMO [ CV TFSHJEF WF CJS LFSF ZF NBITVT PMNBL à[FSF T SU EÚOàL TFSHJMFOEJʓJ ʰV BO CV SFTNJO ÚNSàO EFO CJS LBSF EJZF EàʰàOàZPSVN
4PSV #V TFSHJZJ OFEFO WF OBT M ZBQ U ʓ O [ BOMBUU O [ 6[VO V[VO LPOVʰ UVOV[ CVOVO à[FSJOEF ,àSBUÚS PMNBL BZO [BNBOEB JZJ LPOVʰNB ZFUFOFʓJOF EF TBIJQ PMNBL BOMBN OB N HFMJZPS "EOBO : ME [ ,àSBUÚSMàL JLOB LBCJMJ ZFUJOJ JÎJOEF CFMMJ CJS Zà[EF PMBSBL JT UFZFO CJS NFTMFL ,POVʰNBL EB P JL OBO O JÎJOEF ÚOFNMJ CJS CFDFSJ -FZMB (FEJ[ #FODF EF BOUFOMFSJO B[ D L BÎ LTB HÚSTFM JMJʰLJMFS LVSBCJMJZPS TBO [JIOJOEF àʰFONFZJQ P JMJʰLJMFSJ LFMJNFMFSF EF EÚLFDFLTJO ±àOLà CV ÚZMF CJS ʰFZ LJ BTM OEB IFQJNJ[ HÚSà ZPSV[ "EOBO : ME [ )FQJNJ[ HÚSàZPSV[ WF IFQJNJ[ POB ĕ[JLTFM PMBSBL UFQLJ EF WFSJZPSV[
"EOBO : ME [ "NB JʰUF .VSBU O HàODFM PMBOB NPEB PMBOB USFOE PMBOB I [M PMBOB LBSʰ LFOEJ TBOBUÎ UBWS ZMB ʰFLJM MFOFO EVSVʰV CFMLJ EPʓBM PMBSBL TFSHJ OJO NFUPEVOB EB TàSFDJOF EF TJOEJ ±àOLà IFS TFSHJOJO CJS NFUPEV WBS #FO IFS TFSHJZJ CÚZMF ZFSMFʰUJSNJZPSVN ZBOJ GBSLM QSPKFMFSEF CJS ÚODFMJL CJS UBLWJN CJS QMBO ZBQNBO HFSFLJZPS BNB CVSBEBLJ QMBO ÎPL CFMMJZEJ &MJNJ[F SF TJNMFSJ BM Q NFLBOEB EÚOFDFLUJL -FZMB (FEJ[ "ZOFO CFO EF POV BOMBU NBZB ÎBM ʰ ZPSVN #VSBEB CJS EJ[J PMBZ DFSFZBO FUUJ FQFZDF CJS ʰFZ ZBʰBOE &M DF CFU TFSHJ LFOEJMJʓJOEFO PSUBZB Î LNBE #J[ EF J[MFZJDJZF JQVÎMBS C SBLNBL JTUF EJL ½SOFʓJO ʰV UVWBMJO BMU OEB CB[ B L OU MBS WBS ʰBZFU P EJLLBUJ HÚTUFSEJOJ[ TF EVWBSEB MFLFMFS PMEVʓVOV HÚSNàʰ TàOà[EàS 4V BL U MN ʰ PSBEB 5VWBMJ EVWBSB HFSFCJMNFL JÎJO IBSDBE ʓ N [ FGPSVO FO BÎ L JQVDV CV :BʰBOBO TàSF DJ PMBCJMEJʓJOF QBZMBʰNBL JTUFEJL
OFPO ʰ LMBS ZBOT O EBOT FEFMJN TP ZVOBM N CàUàO Î MH OM LMBS PMTVO IB WBJĕʰFLMFS BU MT O BNB SFTJN PMVODB CJS NVIBGB[BLBSM L WBS -FZMB (FEJ[ )FS ʰFZ HÚ[ IJ[BT OEB BT MT O "EOBO : ME [ #V EB CJS JLJZà[MàMàL %JʓFS BMBOEB CàUàO IFS ʰFZ TFSCFTU 3FTJN HFMJODF PMBZB CàZàL CJS NV IBGB[BLBSM L ÎÚLàZPS -FZMB (FEJ[ #J[ F[CFSEFO CJS SFTJN
"EOBO : ME [ "TLFSEFO USBWFTUJZF "SB EBLJ GBSL EàʰàO -FZMB (FEJ[ .VSBU IFQTJOJ UBO N ʰ #J[ EF CV [FOHJOMJʓF ZFUJʰNFZF .VSBU UBO ÚʓSFONFZF ÎBM ʰU L "EOBO : ME [ #FMLJ ʰVOV TÚZMFZFCJMJS TJO 4FO ʰÚZMF EFNJʰUJO L [ ZPSVN TJO CJFOBMMFSEF CàZàL TFSHJMFSEF àÎ CFʰ SFTJN WBS POMBS EB ʰÚZMF BT MN ʰ HJCJ EBIB ÎPL SFTNF CBL MT O SFTJN CàZàL TFSHJMFSEF EBIB ÎPL JʰMFOJMTJO HJCJ :BOJ CFMLJ EF LàSBUÚSZFM BOMBNEB CFO LFOEJ LVʰBʓ NEBO CFOJN LBEBS SFTJN
NFSBLM T UBO N ZPSVN 0 BOMBNEB EB SFTJN ÎBM ʰNBL JÎJO CFMLJ IJÎ EF GF OB PMNBZBO CJS BM ʰU SNB PMNVʰUVS -FZMB (FEJ[ .VSBU .VSBU O SFTNJ UBWS EPTUMVʓV CJ[MFS JÎJO ÎPL EFʓFSMJ CJ[F CV JNLBO TVOEVʓV JÎJO CJS GB[MB ±àOLà CJ[ EF UBN ʰV T SBMBS SFTJN EPTZBT O O ZFOJEFO BÎ MNBT HFSFLUJʓJ OJ EàʰàOàZPSV[ (àODFM TBOBUUB SFT NJO ZFSJ IBMB ÎPL UBSU ʰNBM )BUUB BZ S LBUFHPSJMFSEF UVUVMVZPS "EOBO : ME [ %àO HFMFO UFQLJMFSEFO EF ʰVOV TÚZMFZFCJMJSJN (àODFM TBOBU EFEJʓJO BMBOEB BU LPʰUVS CJ[J ʰBʰ SU
4PSV )FS UBCMPOVO TBOBUÎ JÎJO UBʰ E ʓ BOMBNMBS à[FSJOEFO LPOVʰVZPS NVTV OV[ EBIB TPOSB LFOEJ BOMBN O [ LBU Q N TFSHJMJZPSTVOV[ ZPLTB TBOBUÎ POV TJ[F NJ C SBL ZPS 5BUJ EF .VSBU HÚSà ZPSVN EFEJOJ[ P TJ[JO LBUU ʓ O [ BOMBN N :PLTB .VSBU EB BZO BOMBN LBU ZPS NV ZBOJ IFS FTFS à[FSJOEFO UFL UFL PS UBL CJS BOMBN N Î LBS M ZPS -FZMB (FEJ[ #VSBEB .VSBU O POBZ WFS NFEJʓJ IJÎCJS ʰFZ ZBQ MNBE .VSBU CV SBEBLJ CàUàO TàSFDF LBU ME WF UàN LBSBS MBSEB P EB FULJMJ WF NVUMV PMEV ,FOEJTJ JMF ZFOJ LPOVʰUVL WF ZJOF TÚZMFEJ i,FO EJ JʰJNF EBIB ÚODF IJÎ HÚSNFEJʓJN BL M NB HFMNFZFO ʰFLJMMFSEF CBLNBN TBʓMBE O [ ÎPL NVUMVZVNw EFEJ #VOV LFOEJTJ TÚZMFEJ #J[ EF ÎPL NVUMVZV[ UBCJJ
"EOBO : ME [ -FZMB HFÎFO HàO TÚZMF NJʰUJ SFTJNEF LVʰBL à[FSJOEFO LVSV MBO CJS TBOBU UBSJIJ BMH T WBS EJZF ZBOJ NPEFSO VTUBMBS WF HàODFM TBOBUÎ MBS BNB CJS LÚQSà ZPL ,FOEJ UBSJIJNJ[F EF UBN PUVSUBNBE ʓ N [ JÎJO CJS CBʓ MBOU ZPL .VSBU CV BOMBNEB JZJ CJS QPUBOTJZFM ÎàOLà IFN CJMJZPS BLBEF NJOJO UBSJIJOEFO SFTNJO EFʓFSJOEFO POMBS OPU EFęFSMFSJOEFO BOFLEPUMBS EBO EPʓSV BOBMJ[MFSJ WBS #JS UBSBęBO EB SFTNJZMF HàODFM CJS CPZVU ZBLBMB OBCJMJZPS -FZMB (FEJ[ &WFUy #JMNFL CJMNF NFL NFTFMFTJ EF JMHJOÎ .FTFMB CFO LFOEJ BE NB ɗTUBTZPO ɮFĕOJO ,BS T OEB IJLBZFZF IBLJN PMNBE ʓ N TÚZMFEJN BNB CJS ZBOEBO UBN EB CV TBZFEF JʰJO TVOVNVOB Ú[HàO CJS CB L ʰ HFUJSFCJMEJN )JLBZFZF VZBS N VZNB[ N EJZF EàʰàONFEJN "LM N ĕLSJN CV UVIBG SFTNJ PMBʓBOEBO GBSL M TFSHJMFNFLUFZEJ #JS LF[ LBGBZ UBL Q SFTNJ NFSLF[F PUVSUUVLUBO TPOSB HÚS EàN LJ TFÎUJʓJN Jʰ TFSHJOJO PSUB ZF SJOEF CJS LBUBMJ[ÚS HÚSFWJ HÚSàZPS 5àN JÎFSJʓJ CJSCJSJOF CBʓMBZBO CBʰ EÚOEàSàDà CJS ZBQ UB EÚOàʰFCJMJZPS "EOBO : ME [ 4FSHJ PMNBZB CBʰMBE ʓ O EB CJSB[ JʰMFSEFO BZS M ZPS TBOBUÎ CV .VSBU UB ZPʓVO PMEV ÎàOLà V[VO TàSF EJS POMBSMB ZBʰ ZPS 0 WF ÎFWSFTJ
#V TFSHJZJ CJ[ ZBQBSLFO DJEEJ CJS iEF BUUBDINFOUw QSPCMFNJ ZBʰBE "ZS MBNBE ZBOJ FMJOEFO CB[ SFTJNMFS Î L NBE 0OMBS ÎPDVLMBS HJCJZEJ ÎPL CBʓ M EB POMBSB POMBSMB CFSBCFS ZBʰ ZPS #V SFTJNMFS EàO ZBQ M Q CVHàO TFSHJMFONF EJʓJ JÎJO CV SFTJNMFSJO CJS ZBʰBOU MBS EJ PMNBZB CBʰMBE 0OMBS CJSJMFSJZMF JMJʰLJ MFOEJ CJSJMFSJZMF BO MBS PMVʰUV 0 Zà[EFO EF [BUFO CVSBEB CVMVʰNBMB S CFOJ ÎPL FULJMJZPS ÎàOLà POMBS O JÎJO EFLJ ZBʰBON ʰM ʓ HÚSàZPSVN 4BEFDF SFTTBN O LBUU ʓ BOMBN ZB EB LàSBUÚSàO EBZBUU ʓ PLVNB PMNBE #V BTM OEB CJS HSVQ JOTBO O POB JOBONBT POVOMB CF SBCFS ZBʰBNBT EB PMEV #FMLJ TBNJNJ ZFU EFEJʓJNJ[ ʰFZ P ʰFČBĘ L
0 Zà[EFO CVSBEB ZBLBMBE L -FZMB CBʰLB UàSMà CBL ZPS -FZMB TBOBUÎ Là SBUÚS PMEVʓV JÎJO EF CFMMJ TPSVNMVMVL MBSEBO NVBG BNB CFO EBIB LàSBUÚS LàSBUÚS PMEVʓVN JÎJO Z M CJMHJTJ UFL OJL CJMHJTJ EFUBZMBS ĕMNJO SFGFSBOT POMBS EBIB DJEEJ EPTZBMBSMB UBLJQ FU NFL [PSVOEBZ N BNB [BUFO CFOJN CV TFSHJEF -FZMB ZMB CFSBCFS CV TàSFDJ HFSÎFLMFʰUJSNFL JTUFNFNJO UFNFM OF EFOJ .VSBU BOMBNBL JÎJO -FZMB O O HÚ[àOF NVIUBÎU N
.VSBU ɮBIJOMFS iJÎJNEF CJS IJT WBSw
,POVʰNBD MBS -FZMB (FEJ[ .JTBM "EOBO : ME [ :BZ OB )B[ SMBZBO "[SB 5à[àOPʓMV 5BTBS N /VSTBÎ 4BSHPO 1ɗ-05 WF $0 1ɗ-05 UBO TFSHJ HÚSàOUàMFSJ 3 EWBO #BZSBLPʓMV
ª
4 SBTFMWJMFS $BEEFTJ /P " #FZPʓMV *TUBOCVM QJMPUHBMFSJ DPN