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ĕĚħĚĩāĒĚħĞĨ Čī ù ĤþĕĚħijÿŤ ĩ Ĥęİ ţ ĢĨ Ğ ėİ Ęī ĕ ĜĤċį Ĝ ęijċā ĕĚħijÿŤĩĴēţĐċīĐēİŤĂĻĭþķċŤĎĚþøţĤĶĢŤijøīċûĞĩĘijĒĜĬĻęĐĴĒĜþ ĤĨ Đ ęīĻ þ ĶĢĄţ Ģ ĜĩęĒĚħøĩĚČţ Ĥ ĒĚħĞĨ Čī ğ ĩġČĚŧ ù ĤþāĩČī ķĎęĐĨļĐ ijĚīĻĘČŤĐùĭļĐĤęţĩþijĜĮĤĐĜĩþķĘţġİŤÿħĘĬēİŤĚİŤijĢĺĐĘĩø ĐĨøĶĐġĢĚĨćĤijĘĚīøĩijĘĮĻĤĒś ĕ ğ 2470 øţĤĐijøīċėĩĞħ ijğĚĠćøī ÿ ČøČŀĻ ĩ ûĚĨļ þ ĶĢĄţ ù ĤþĵĜøijĜĺ ø ĐŤ Ĥ ę ĎĚþijĒū Đ ĕĚħĚĩāĵĤĚġùĤþāĩęĢĄī þ ēİ Ť ĵ ċċijċţ Đ Đţ ĩ ĎĭĻþ ĴĜħùęĨ Đ ùĨĐĴùĺþĎįţĘijĎĎŀĩþĩĐĢĐĨøûİţĢĐĭĻþ ĴĜŤĞÿĩøĐĨļĐøĺķċŤĎĚþ ijÿĚīĄĕĚħāĐĘŧĶĐĒĚħijĎğġĞīČijĂĤĚŧĴĜĐċŧ ČţĤĘĩĶĐĒś ĕ ğ 2489 ijĘĮĻĤĕĚħāĐĘŧķċŤ 18 ĕĚĚĠĩ ĕĚħāĐĘāĬĕøĺČŤĤþĒĚħġđÿįċĢĨøijĢĤęţĩþĐţĩġħijĎĮĤĐĶÿ ijĐĮĻĤþÿĩøġĘijċĺÿĕĚħijāĠćĩďīĚĩāēİŤĎĚþijĒūĐĎĬĻĚĨøęīĻþùĤþ ĕĚħĤþûŧ ûĮĤĕĚħijÿŤĩĤęİţĢĨĞĤĩĐĨĐĎĘĢīċĜķċŤġĞĚĚûČ ĜþĵċęķĘţûĩċĔũĐ ġĘijċĺÿĕĚħĤĐįāĩďīĚĩāijÿŤĩĖşĩĢĐįţĘ ĐŤĤęÿĭþČŤĤþijġċĺÿùĭļĐûĚĤþĚĩāđĨĜĜĨþøŧijĒūĐĕĚħijÿŤĩĴēţĐ ċīĐĕĚħĤþûŧĎĬĻ 9 ĴĢţþĚĩāĞþğŧÿĨøĚĬ ĕĚħĤþûŧĎĚþûĚĤþ ĚĩāęŧęĩĞĐĩĐùŤĩĘğČĞĚĚĠĎĬĻ 20 ĘĩčĭþğČĞĚĚĠĎĬĻ 21 ĴĜŤĞøĺĎĚþijĒūĐĕĚħijÿŤĩĴēţĐċīĐĎĬûĻ ĚĤþĚĩāęŧęĩĞĐĩĐĎĬġĻ ċį ĶĐĒĚħĞĨČīğĩġČĚŧùĤþĒĚħijĎğķĎęĴĜħùĤþĵĜø ĶĐĒś ĕ ğ 2554 ĕĚħijÿŤĩĤęİţĢĨĞĎĚþijÿĚīĄĕĚħāĐĘĩęį ûĚđijÿĺċĚĤđĕĚħāĐĘĕĚĚĠĩ ĂĭĻþčĮĤøĨĐĞţĩĘĬûĞĩĘġŀĩûĨĄ ĘĩøČĩĘûČīûĞĩĘijāĮĻĤùĤþûĐķĎęĂĭĻþijĒūĐāĩĞĕįĎď ĴĜħĐĬĻ ûĮ Ĥ ijĚĮĻ Ĥ þĚĩĞĕĚħĚĩāĒĚħĞĨ Čī Č ĜĤċijÿĺ ċ ĚĤđ ĕĚħāĐĘøĩĜùĤþĕĚħijÿŤĩĤęİţĢĨĞĕĚħĤþûŧĐĨļĐ

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2'>H C (7 /& 6 9'7, 7 :`/= C B* A*5A*I, *7 : #|-| 2554 @&<`2 ( (2 (7 'L 65 : (5'5@,*7 7(@/,'(7 'L 2 #(52 L G'7, 7 ,H7(6 7* 2 /&@ G #(5(7 9 : 7 ,9 2@(: 'A0H 26 ). C - ,((. :` 19 63 : A*5'7, 7 ,H7(6 7* 2 /&@ G #(5 6 (#(( 939 B(39 B A0H :` H = C - ,((. :` 20 62 : (6 7* 2 #(5@ I72'>H06,%>&9#*2 =*'@ (2 *=&/2 - ,((. <2 - ,((. :` 20 A*5- ,((. :` 21 A*5 ( @ G 0 ;` C (( 7#(5(7 7 9 : :` (2 (7 'L '7, 7 7& :`&: 6 ; D,I C (5,6 9-7/ (L #(5(7 , -L 6 (: 6a &:#(5@ I7A!H 9 6a /9a @ I7#(52 L / 7 7 ;a @&<`2 #|-| 2325 A*5'7, 7 ; \ = 6 :a 6 D I 231 : A*I, M7 , A*I,(6 7* 2 #(5@ I72'>0H ,6 %>&9#*2 =*'@ G@ G /7&C /9 2 27'=#(5(7 , -L 6 (: @*' :@ :', ;` @(<` 2 A :a &9 C H 5@ 9 ;a D I H7'F @*'

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ėĩûĎĬĻ ĕĚħĚĩāĒĚħĞĨČī

ĞĕİĈķüĒėĤĎėĕ ėĦþþčõďɷ 2446 İĕīĸġ ċėûĴĈʀėĥĎõĦėİýęĨĕ ĒėĤčĦĕĦĔĨĴČĖİďʇč õėĕöĬčĞûöęĦčøėĨčċėʃ

ijÿŤĩĖşĩēİŤġþđijġþĬĻęĘijĚĬęđþţĩę @(<` 2 (7, 2 #(5 9 7A*5#(5&7( 7 2 #(5@ I72'>H06,%>&9#*2 =*'@ 6 ,H7 H 7 ;` @ <` 2 7 ( &7A*5&7 7 (5 6 6a 2 /6 & I - ,((. :` 20 :`A H7 6 &7 /&@ G @ I7$I 7&09 *2 =*@ 4 (5/> 9@&<`2,6 :` 1 & (7 & #|-| 2434 ( @ G #(5(7 B2(/#(52 L :`@ G C #(5(7 B2(/ 9 7A #(52 L 2 #(5 7 /&@ G #(5 =* 2&@ *I7@ I72'>H06, 6 /&@ G #(5 7 @ I7/,H7 ,6 7 #(5 (&(7 @ ,: H2 :` 5D I&: 7(#6 7(5 /7 7( /= 6a #(5/= %7# 2 (( 7@ I7 7'D&H :@*' 7( @/ /&(/(50,H7 @ I7 7' I,' 6 @2 ;` @ G #(5 7 9 C *I 9 7& (5@# : B (7 M7C0I #(5/= %7# 2 #(5B2(/ 9 7 :` (5/> 9&7D&HA G A( A H2'H7 D( G 7& @ I7 7'!>I0 9 G D&H/7&7( @/ /&(/ 6 /7&6 D I @,I @/:'A H 5 (7 6 & >**722 7 7 6 ( -6 9d ,7& (9 @ I7 7''=B( H7 G@/ /&(/(50,H7 6 @ H @ :', 6 @#:' A HA, ,

2 @ I7 7'/'7&A ,H7&7 @ H7 6a @2 7(@/ /&(/ 6 H7 I7, <2@ G @(<` 2 !9 (I 7'C0 H B A*5 7(@ G 2(9 6 (50,H7 (5@ -C *I@ :' C %>&9%7 @ :', 6 G(= A( 6 6a 7(@/ /&(/(50,H7 @ I7 7' (5@ -C *I@ :' ; A D&H&: 4 íòÿèāðċðĆēüêòÿùĈäăÓĆü ùðċãĒ×ċלāîŖāðúăãôüãćôċãÙþ ďðŚðĄäĀö ñ ïāñúôĀÖäŚüðāĎÙśæĀĔÖðĄČôÿ ďðŚðĄäĀö ñ ċלāèāñċôĒÐđ ñćöÐøĀäòăñ Ş ī ÓĘāèĘā

ĴČţČŤĐÿĐčĭþ ĕ ğ ijĚĮĻĤþĚĨøùĤþijÿŤĩĖşĩ ķĘţĶāţijĎĕĐīęĩę |

37

ĚĤđĐĨøĠĨČĚĎĬĻ 2 ĕ ğ 2483–2494

āţĞþijĞĜĩĴĢţþøĩĚijĒĜĬĻęĐĴĒĜþ

ėĦĖþīĸġĞĕĦþĨõ ĞIJĕĞėďĦĉĦďĬĕ ÿĪĸû ĒėĤİüʀĦġĖĭɿğĥěġĦčĥčċ ĕğĨĈęİďʇčďėĤČĦč İüʀĦēɻĦĔĭĕĨĒęġĈĬęĖİĈþ İďʇčėġûďėĤČĦč

7( 6 /9 C 2 0&H2&/6 ,7*'L@&<`2 I : 2475 :` 5'I7' (2 (6 ,&7#M7 6 :`@&<2 B* 7 L 6a '9` 7 D G'9` # ,H7@ G ,7& 9 :` > :`/= / (7&A!H '7'22 D 6`,B* I -,((. 1940 #|-| 2483–2492 B* 7 L 6a 2'>H0H7 22 D 7 9 5,6 @ : ' C I 2 6 @37 H7' =& 6 7,'9,C *I@&<2 &9, 9 C @'2(& : @#:' 400 9 B*@& ( C *I ,H7(5'5 7 (= @ #4 ; @ :' C0&H@ G D0 F @&<2 C /,9 @ 2(L A* L ; I2 @ (H (6 @ I& , A*5 M7 6 M7@ :'` ,H7A H H2 &7 @(9`&&: 7(\ /H, 2707(A*5 2 C I A*5 7'A G > 9 D&H C0I 7 92<` I7&D &7B '/5 , 2'H7 A H H2 A H I7@ :' 6 (5@ -2<` F C '=B( A*I, /,9 @ 2(L A* L G 6 ,H7 '6 @ G 9/= 2'>H&7 H2 @ 9 / (7&B* (6a :` 2 /&@ G #(5(7 : ( I7 (> C0&H&7 ,7'#(526 .(#(5@ I72'>H06,A*5/&@ G #(52 = 7 2 A( F GA H H,'/2 7( I7 H2 @ H7 6a 7'@ *22 B2| @ 2(7' 7(9 / :a @ G "(6` @ <a2/7' (: 27'=(7, 30 : 2#'#&72'>H/,9 @ 2(L A* L 6a A H/ (7&B* (6a :` 1 I7 2 @ 72'>H C *IF #(5 M70 6 @ 72'>H 6 %(('7A*5*> 7' /2 ;` 2H2 ,H7-9.'L 6a /2 #(52 L&7 7'@ 2(7' 7(9 / &7 ,7'#(526 .( :`# (5 M 7 0 6 ,9 * *H 7 ,6 7 A*5 7&@/ G I,'@,*7#(5@ I72'>H06,A*5#(52 = 7@/ G D ( #6 !H2 7& :` H7 F /H, /&@ G #(5#:` 7 6a ( -; .7 2'>H B( @(: ' (5 M7@&<2 @ : ,7 7'@ 2(7' 7(9 / M70 I 7 :` *I7' (> (5 M7 I7 #7#(5@ I72'>H06,A*5/&@ G #(5 2 = 7@/ G D ( 6 ('7 I7 ((@ :' @(< 2 I7 0(< 2D&H G ( ,H7' Ma 7 6a /7& H,' 6 H2(7 ( D$ 2 @*H :`0I2 C I0*6 7 A*I, M 7*6 (5 7.&7 6 A * M7@ G 27 7( /B&/( 7 7 =& :` *7'/, :` 6a C I@ G /B&/( 2 @ G B '@ #75 A*5@ (<` 2 <`& G 5 <`&D IA H :` D&H&:A2* 232*L@ H7 6a (> A*5*> -9.'L/ C 2H7 A& 7 : @ :`', 72 |

ėĩûĎĬĻ ĕĚħĚĩāĒĚħĞĨČī

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H2B&@ *@(< 2A*5@ (<` 2 9 (,& 6a @ (<` 2 6 (@ (<` 2 ' LA H7 F 06 (5 2 2= ( L 2'H7 6a 2'H7 :a (,& 6a 06 M7,9 '=2: I,' 2 6a #(5@ I72'>0H ,6 A*5/&@ G #(52 = 7 ( / #(5 6'@(<` 2 ( ' L ,I '@ H 6 @,*7@/ G D D0 F (2 (6 , G 5 ( C I( @&2(L @ @ / @ L 6 C0 H #(5@ I72'>H06, 6 /&@ G #(52 = 7 ( !> #6 C *I 9 6 &7 /&@ G #(5@ . 7 6a ( @ (H (; & (9 6 ,H7 G ( @ G 2H2 B' ( '2&#(52 = 7 = 2'H7 A*5 ( I 2 >A* @/&2 /&@ G #(52 = 7 6a <2#(5/07' :`(6 / 9 2 #(52 L@*' :@ :', /&@ G 4 (&0*, 4 ( *H7, ; @(<` 2 :a ,H7 6a /2 #(52 L a6 @0&<2 "7A" / 9 / &(6 C (H 6 &7 B ( 6 A*5 6 &7 ,H7B ( #(5/07' 2 #(52 L@2 ( 2'7 @*H 6 @2 &7 ,H7@*H 6 2<` 7'@ 2(7' 7(9 / 6a @ G H 7 D&I a6 0 ;` 6 6a ; H 7 ' 2 ,7& 2 @(<` 2 :a />H #(5@ I72'>H06,A*5/&@ G #(52 = 7 I,' /&@ G #(5(7 : @2 G ( / 6 / = C0I#(5(7 B2(/ ( &: ,7&(>I ,I7 ,7 :`/= @ H7 :` 5 ( M7D I A*I, G ( M7C0I 2 #(5@ (@ G 6,2'H7 C 0*7'@(<` 2 :`#(52 L@2 B ( I,' @ H 7(/5/&A/ & L 7(2H7 0*7'F A , A*5 7( M7/, 6a /, !*D&IA*5/, (6 , ;` /2 2'H7 0*6

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/&@ G #(5(7 : ( C I :,9 2'>HA H `: C *IF #(5 M70 6 :` (5 6 @ H7 6a D&H (

22 /6 &C F @*' C ( 5&7@"I 7 G&7D I@ #75,6 @/7(L ;` #(5B2(/ 9 7 ( 2'>H#(I 2& 6 @#(75D&H I2 @/ G B( @(: ' @ H7 6a ĚĤđĐĨøĠĨČĚĎĬĻ ĕ ğ – āţĞþijĞĜĩĴĢţþøĩĚijĒĜĬĻęĐĴĒĜþ |

73

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ĎĚþijĚĬęĐċĐČĚĬ

ğęĥûõĦėİĞĈķüöĪĹčøėġû ėĦþĖʃöġûĒėĤİüʀĦġĖĭɿğĥě ġĦčĥčċĕğĨĈęijčďɷ 2478 ĒėĤĉĽĦğčĥõěĨęęɿĦ ěĥĆčĦijčþĦčİĕīġûġĥč ĞûĎİûĩĖĎöġûIJęÿĦččʃ õķĴĈʀİďʇčċĩĸďėĤċĥĎöġû øėġĎøėĥě

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,6 #= :` 17 &: 7 & #|-| 2486 @ G ,6 /M7 6 H2 (5,6 9-7/ (L 7( (: 2

(2 (6 ,&09 * 6` <2#(5@ I72'>H06,A*5/&@ G #(52 = 7D I ( @(9` & 7(@(: ' (: C 0I2 ( #(526 .( #(5 M70 6 ,9**H7,6 7 (> D,@ ( L a6 @ G 7' (H 7 @*G 7,A ,I 26* 7/ #(5@ I72'>H06, ( (= #(52 = 7C0I@/ G @ I7D @(: ' H2 @ G 2 LA( ;` 7(@(: ' 7(/2 G!H7 D 2'H7 (, @(G ,'9`

(>D,@ ( L@(9`& I I,' 7(/2 /&@ G 4 @ I7$I 7C0I ( 6 A B B$ C0I > H7 H2 @ G 26 6 A( H2D ; ( 06 @ H 7@/:' @ /9 :*5@/:' @&<`20& @,*7@(: ' @/ G 22 &7 74 |

ėĩûĎĬĻ ĕĚħĚĩāĒĚħĞĨČī

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A H2'H7 D( G 7& 2: /9 ,6 H2&7 #(5@ I72'>H06, G@/ G &7 @ I70I2 @(: ' (: B ' ( <2A *(9 @ &7 I,' @ G 2

C0&H `; ( <a2&7 150 $(6 L 0*7'@ <2 H2 7 6a (> D,@ ( L 6 *> -9.'L G# 6 = ,6 #= A*5,6 27 9 'L D&H@ ' 7 6a /2 #(52 L (

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@ I7@ <2 @ H7 6a /&@ G #(52 = 7 G ( (6 M7@ 9 !>I&7^ 2 @/9(L <2 #, (> C B( @(: ' 6 @(: ' A*I, G (2 (6 , , (: ((@* @#* Die Fledermaus 2 B'36 L /@ (7/L ÂŒJohann StraussÂ? 6` @ G 7( A/ (: H2/7 7( 5 (6a A( C #(5 & :# 2 /&@ G @ I7$I 7%>&9#*2 =*'@ 5 6a #(5 &L 16 #((.7A*5 ( B B*H26*B I A B B$ ,6 0'= @ - 7* (9 / L & 7/ : 2486 (2 (6 , &09 *D I @/ G D ( #6 !H 2 7 27 7- %>@ 7B ' ( #6 :` B( A(& =*L&@ H @ ' (7, :a 7(A/ (: 2 *7 < @ *:`' @ G , 2@&(9 6 A J 12 9a B '&:@$( B 0L@*2(L @ G !>I@*H @ : 'B 6 (: 0 ;` C , <2 *9 #7(L 6 @*H 26*B I A B B$ !>I&: <`2@/:' B H 6

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75

Ä’Ä—ĤİßʀČĥĖĭɿÄ&#x;ļěĥČÄ?ÄĽÄ?Ä‹ Ä•Ä&#x;ĨĈę þęČÝ ĹęĤ ĞĕİĈġßÄ’Ä—ĤĥÄ?ďÞČþļÄŽ İøęĥĥÄ? IJĥ İÿĥÄ—ÄŚÄ– ÄˆÄŚÄ—ĨÄž øÄ—Ä­Ä?Ä—Ĥ߼ČĎʀČÄ? Ä‹ĊĸėʀČÄ?ÄŠɿČÄ–Ä—Ä­Ä?ÄłÄ?ĞěĨĉ İÿĥÄ—ĘƒÄąÄ™Ä?ÄˆĘƒ

ĎĚĨĕęŧġīĐġţĞĐĕĚħĘĢĩøĠĨČĚīęŧ

ěĥûęĈĦěĥęĖʃijčİöĉĈĬĞĨĉ õėĬûİċĒĕğĦčøė ċĩĸĉĥĹû öġûĞĽĦčĥõûĦčċėĥĒĖʃĞĨč ĞɿěčĒėĤĕğĦõĝĥĉėĨĖʃ ÿĪĸû ėĥĎĐĨĈþġĎõĦėĎėĨğĦė üĥĈõĦėğęĥõċėĥĒĖʃıęĤ ġĞĥûğĦėĨĕċėĥĒĖʃċĩĸİďʇč ċėĥĒĖʃĞĨčĞɿěčĒėĤĕğĦ õĝĥĉėĨĖʃ

C '= /& >( 7 7/9 9 (7 'L #(5&07 .6 (9 'L ( @ G @ I7A!H 9 7& 6, 26 .( A*5B '0*6 7( 6`,D A*I, <2,H7 = /9` @ G /& 6 9 2 #(5&07 .6 (9 'L C H, *7'- ,((. :` 19 D I&:0 H ,' 7 C0&H@ 9 ;a <2 (&#(5 *6 I7 :` ;` %7'0*6 D I *7'@ G /M7 6 7 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L @#<`2 M70 I 7 :` (9 07( 6 7(2/6 07(9 & (6 #'LA*5 (6 #'L/9 2<` F 26 @ G (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5 &07 .6 (9 'L 0 H ,' 7 6 *H7,@ G @ (<` 2 &<2/M 7 6 C 7(#6 7B ( /(I 7 #<a 7 H7 F 2 (5@ - A*5'6 @ G !>I* = (7'C0 H :`/= (7'0 ;` C (5 @-(. 9 D ' = ,6 :a 6 A H #|-| 2479 D I&#: (5(7 6 6 A9 ' (6 #'L/ 9 /H, #(52 L22 7 (6#'L/ 9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L2'H7 6 @ /M7 6 7 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L&:0 I 7 :` (9 07( 6 7( (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 ' L ;` D&H D I@ G #(5(7 (6 #'L/H, #(52 L 342 |

ėĩûĎĬĻ ġčĩđĨĐĕĚħĘĢĩøĠĨČĚīęŧ

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D />H2: (6 /&6' (6 #'L/9 C /H, #9@-. 6 *H7, :a @ 9 ;a @&<`2&: 7(@ *:`' A *

7( (2 7 (5 /& >( 7 7/9 9 (7 'L ;` #(5&07 .6 (9 'L ( @ G @ I7 (2 A!H 9 A*5 = /9` A!H 9 &7@ G (5 2 (5 7 9 D 'B '&:#(5&07 .6 (9 'L @ G (5&= B '2'>H C (5 @-(. 9 B* ;` &: 7(@ *<`2 D0,2'>H *2 C 7 0&7'A*I, /M7 6 7 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L <2@ G 9 9 = * B ' D&H C H/H, 0 ;` 2 /H, 7 (9 07( 2 #(5(7 ,6 0 H ,'(7 7( 0(< 2 (9 .6 @2 A H @ G 0 H , ' 7 :` &: *6 . 5@ #75 6 , ;` = *%7' 2 '6 D&H C (H @ I 7 C 6 : 6 /M7 6 7 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L D&H D I&:#6 5!> &6 C F :` 5 I2 @ 9 @!' (7'*5@2:' 6 :0(< 2(7'*5@2:' 7( M7@ 9 7 A H/7 7( 2'H7 D( G 7& C H, 0*7' : 0*6 F &7 :a 7 0 H ,' 7 D I 2 / 2 H2@/:' @(: ' (I 2 C 7(@ 9 @!' I2&>* ;` @ G :`/ C 2 /7 7( C0I (7 (7'D I 2 /M7 6 7 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L 6a /H, 0 ;` M 7D @ G H7C I H7' (5 M7,6 2 #(5 (&, -7 = , -L 6 6a / 7 6 #(5&07 .6 (9 'L D ' ; A H7

C A H/M7 6 A H :a 7 (7 , -L2<` F 2: 0*7'(7 , -L ;` C \ = 6 D I(6 @ :a'0,6 :` 6 /(( 7 (5&7 A!H 9 @ <2 6a 0& &>* H7 2 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L 6a (,& 6 A*I,@ G M7 , D&H I2' A H 7( M7 , 07 6,@* :`A H 2 @ G @(<` 2 '7 /H, 0 ;` 2 (6 #'L/9 6 *H7,2'>H C (> 7(* = C (9 .6 H7 F ;` 9 &>* H7D I H7' (6 #'L/9 /H, 6 *H7, 9 @ G &>* H7 (5&7 /2 A/ *I7 7 C #|-| 2553 A H2: /H, ;` &:&>* H7&7 ,H72'>H C (> :` 9 (5&7 8,300 D(H C (= @ #&07 ( A*5 (5&7 33,000 D(H 2 (= @ #&07 ( B '&:,9 :2'>H0*7',9 : :`27 C I (5@&9 &>* H7 :` 9 6 *H7,D I 7 I2&>* 7( (5@&9 (6a 0 ;` @ #75 :` 9 /H, :`2'>H C (= @ #4 9 @ G &>* H7@ <2 0 ;` *I7 *I7 7 7& (7 7C I2 *7 /H, /M7 6 7 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L a6 6 ; &>* H7 2 (6 #'L/9 6 *H7, 7& I = ;` M7 , A*I,D&H ; 0 ;` C /7& 2 6,@* I7 I D&H,H7 5C I,9 : (5@&9 A C G 7& /M7 6 7 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L G&: 7 526 6 @ ,H7@ G !>I* = (7'C0 H :`/= (7'0 ;` C (5 @-(. 9 D ' 6 6a 7( M7@ 9 7( 2 7 0 H ,' 7 ; /H !*D&H I2' H2(5 @-(. 9 D 'B '(,& A*5 C 7 *6 6 7(!6 !, 6a C @ 9 , A*5* 2 @-(. 9 D ' G&:29 9 #*@ G 2'H7 &7 H2/M7 6 7 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L I,' @(<` 2 (7, 2 /M7 6 7 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L a6 /H, 0 ;` @ G @(<` 2 (7, @ :`', 6 #(5&07 .6 (9 'L A*52: /H, @ G @(<` 2 (7, 7(@ *:`' A * 2 (5@ -D ' 7 (5@ -/6 &@ . ( ((& : ` 7M *6 #6 7 ;` > : 7 &072M7 7 C '= *H727 7 9 & &7@ G (5 @-(. 9 @ 9 C '= B* 7%9,6 L B '@&<`2 (6a :`/M7 6 7 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L H2 6a ;a @&<`2 ,H7 70 : :`A*I, (6 #'L/9 C 7( >A* 2 /M7 6 7 ĎĚĨĕęŧġīĐġţĞĐĕĚħĘĢĩøĠĨČĚīęŧ |

343

D I/5/&@#9`& ;a &7@(<` 2'F *2 H, (;` - ,((. H2 0 I 7 6a ;` /'7&@ 9 7( @ *:`' A * 7 (5 2 /& >( 7 7/9 9 (7 'L@ G (5 2 (5 7 9 D '26 &:#(5 &07 .6 (9 'L@ G (5&=

Ä ĹŁÄžÞĴÄšø (7 7 2 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L@ 9 ;a C H, /2 -,((.(50,H7 #|-| 2433–2452 C H, *7'- ,((. :` 19 /'7&'6 @ G (5@ -/6 &@ . ( ((& ;` (2 C (5 2 /& >( 7 7/9 9 (7 'L #(5&07 .6 (9 'L ( @ G 6a @ I7A!H 9 A*5@ I7 :,9 B '0*6 7(A*I, A!H 9 6a 0& C (7 27 7 6 (@ G 2 #(52 L A*5(7'D I 6a 0& 7 %7.: 27 ( G <2@ G @ 9 (7'D I0*, *H7,2: 2'H7 G <2 = /9`

@ G (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L / 7 7( L 6 *H7,@ *:`' A * D 2'H7 &7 C H, (;` 0*6 2 - ,((. :` 19 ;`

/'7& M7 7( I7 6 B#I 5@*&7 ;a ,H7@ 9&&7 6a 7(/H 22 D&I : = A*5 :`/M7 6 <2 I7, &: M7 , &7 2#'#&7 7 : 2 C I@#<`2@ G !>I I7A*5A(

7 C /6 & #7 9 'L `; '7' 6, ;a @(<` 2'F (= @ #&07 (@ *:`' 7 @&<2 0*, 26 7&A H @ :' / @ G @&<2 H726 ,=H ,7' !* :`@ 9 /H, 0 ;` 7 7(@ *:`' A * :a <2 7( & 7 & /H A*5 :`2'>H27-6'D I'I7' 7 7 Ma 7 <2A&H aM 7@ I7#(5'7A*5*M7 *2 :`@ <`2& H2 6 D @ G 7 C 6 0,6 H7 F &:@&<2 C0&H@ 9 ;a @ G M7 , &7 C #<a :` B ' (2 @0&<2 : = A*5B( @*<`2' (,& ; *M7 Ma 7 :`@ G @/I 7 I7 I7, 7(@ *:`' A * 7 @-(. 9 :a @#9`&-6 '%7#C 7(07(7'D I 2 7 7( ;a @ G 26 &7 A H G H2C0I@ 9 \ 070*7' I7 A*5 I2 &: B ( 7( H7 F @#9`& ;a @ G M7 , &7 ;` 7 (7 7( I2 &: H7C I H7' I,'@ H 6 *M7 6 A( <2 7( I 2 6 (5@ - ;` (5@ -@#<`2 I7 2 /'7& H2'F D 2'>H C I 7( (2 2 &072M 7 7 C '= *H727 7 9 & :*5 (5@ - 5 :`/'7&@2 G > = 7&2'H7 (= A( *M7 6 H2D <2 ,7& I2 7((5 /7 7( > B% /&6'C0&H@#<`2(2 (6 7(@ 9 B 2 @-(. 9 C0&H@ 9 #7 9 'L 6a A H H7@(< 2 D ; @ (< 2 H7'B (@* H2&7 <2 M7 , (5 7 ( ;` '7' 6, ;a C @&<2 0*, A*5@&<2 H7 6 0,6 M7C0I I2 7( :`2'>H27-6' A*5(5 /= 7%9 7* :` : a; C 5@ :', 6 (5 (7 7('6 *6 . 52 = (6 .L 9'&@ G 2'H7 '9` 7( (, (,&@ 9 D I a; 2'>H 6 = 7 I2 9` A*5@ I7%7.: 7'27 ( ;` 06 /H, A H @ 9 %7.: M7 , &7 D,I@2 H7C I H7'0*6 2'H7 0 ;` 2 7 7( <2 7( H7'@ 9 @ :a'0,6 A*5 H7C I H7' H7 F 2 #(5 (&, -7 = , -L H7C I H7' 6 *H7,/> ;a @(<` 2'F @ <` 2 7 M7 , #(5 (&, -7 = , -L :`@#9`& ;a @&<`2#(5 7 /&@ G #(5 =* 2&@ *I7@ I72'>H06, 344 |

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@/ G /,(( C #|-| 2453 ( &:#(5(7 B2(/ #(5(7 9 7 A*5#(5(7 6 7 @ G M7 , &7 M7C0I I2 C I H7'@ 9 @ G M7 , &7 ;a @(<` 2'F C 7(/(I 7 ,6 A*5 M70 6 C0&HF >A*,6 @ H7 (5 2 #(5(7 #9 : H7 F (,& ; 7(@/ G D -; .7'6

H7 (5@ - 2 #(5 (&, -7 = , -L ĒĚĨđġİţĚħđđøĩĚijþīĐĶĢĘţ A( 6 @0*H7 :a H2C0I@ 9 7(@ *:`' (> A ,9 : (9 07((7 7(A!H 9 7( @ *:'` A * 6 *H7,@(9`& 7 7( 9(> 7 7(@ 9 C #|-| 2433 ;` &: 7( 6 a (5 (,

7( *6 ;a &7@ G (6a A( M 7,9 :/&6'C0&H C 7( 6 M7 (5&7 A*5 M7 6 :&7 C I (,& ; @ *:`' D @ G %7.: B ' ( A 7(@ G %7.: 27 (A 6a @ 9& !* <2 (7'D I 2 7 (7 7(@#9`&/> ;a 2'H7 H 7 <` 5*; 7 15 *I7 7 C #|-| 2435 @ G 50 *I7 7 C #|-| 2448 I,' 7( (6 7( (9 07((7 7(A!H 9 @ G (> A /&6'C0&H :a @2 7(C I H7' :` @ :`',@ <` 2 6 #(5 (&, -7 = , -L ; A' 22 D 2'>H C 7( >A* 2 (&#(5 *6 I7

:` /6 6 (5 (, #(5 *6 &07/& 6 9 <`2 (& 6 *H7, ;` 7& 6,26 .(0&7' ; *6 I7 #(5A H (( & &7 7 <`20 H ,' 7 B (7 ;` &:0 I 7 :` 6 7(@ 9 :` 6 D,I C I H7'@ G 7(/H, #(52 L 2 #(5&07 .6 (9 'L (7'D I(I2'*5 15 2 7 7( 5D I(6 7( 6 /((D C0I (&#(5 *6 I7 :` @&<`2 (7'D I(,& 2 7 7(@#9`& ;a M7 , @ 9 :` D I(6 7( 6 /(( 2 (&#(5 *6 I7

:` G@#9`& ;a @ H 6 @ H @ :', 6 M7 , @ I7# 6 7 A*5 9 ((& H7 F I,' (7'D I 6 *H7,@#9`& ;a 7 1|5 *I7 7 C #|-| 2435 @ G 6|1 *I7 7 C #|-| 2445 A*5 8|7 *I7 7 C #|-| 2455 C #|-| 2438 (&#(5 *6 I7 :`&:@ I7# 6 7 26 C /:` 2 (6 !9 2 7 I7 (7'D I (7'(6 H7C I H7' 2 #(5(7 ,6 7(@ 9 A*50*6 (6 #'L @&<`2 ; H, *7' -,((. 1910 2453–2462 M7 , @ I7# 6 7 6 *H7,D I@#9`& ;a @ G ,H7 200 B '&: 2 @#9`& ;a /7& 2 (6 !9 2 7 H2/(I 7 6 : A*5 7 (9 07(/H, *7

C H , A( (7'D I 2 (&#(5 *6 I 7 :` M7 D @ G H 7 C I H 7 '/H , #(52 L 2

#(5 (&, -7 = , -L H7C I H7'C 7( M7(= (6 .7,6 A*5 H7C I H7'C 7(@/ G -; .7 H2 H7 (5@ - 2 #(5 (&, -7 = , -L@ G 0*6 A H@&<`2(7'D I 6 *H7,@#9`& ;a G &:@ 9 @0*<2 H7' 7 H7C I H7' 6 *H7, A*5(> A 7(C I H7'@ 9 @0*<2 6 *H7, :a @2

:`@ G (7 7 2 (6 #'L/9 /H, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L C \ = 6

ĎĚĨĕęŧġīĐġţĞĐĕĚħĘĢĩøĠĨČĚīęŧ |

345

øąĢĘĩęĢĘīĻĐĕĚħđĚĘijċāĩĐįėĩĕ

7& 9A*I, #(5&07 .6 (9 'L0(< 2#(5(7 9 : 7 !>I@ G (5&= 2 (5@ - 5 D I(6 7( I 2 7 7( M726 (7'A*5 7( >0&9` B ' 0&7'0&9` #(5 (& @ 7 = %7# 5 :`@ <a 207 2 0&7' 6 *H7,&6 &: ,7& *I7' *; 6 A H 7( M 7D C I (9 6a A H7 6 D C A H*5(7 27 7 6 ( C (5@ -D ' : 0&9` #(5 (&@ 7 = %7# ,: M7 , ;a 2'H7 &7 C H, -,((. :`!H7 &7 ;`

M7C0I!>I 06 &7/ C 0&7' 6 *H7, :`&7 A*5 ,7&2H2 D0,26 &:*6 . 5 @ #75 H2 7( M 7 0&7' 6 *H7,D C I C 7 :` D&H@0&75/& éè ĎèöĀèæĄē 5 çĀèöāÓð í ÷ 2552 êòÿÙāÙèðāòöðäĀöÐĀèæĄēčòÖíñāéāô÷ăòăòāÙÚąēÖ íòÿéāæùðċãĒ×íòÿċלāüñĈŚúĀöêòÿæĀéòĀÐøāíòÿüāÐāòêòÿÙöòüñĈŚ ċðĆēüÓĘāèąÖåąÖÓöāð×ÖòĀÐ ïĀÐãĄÚąēÖÙāöďæñðĄĎúśíòÿéòðöÖ÷āèćöÖ÷ŞčãñæĀēöďêČôśö èĀÐöăÙāÐāòæāÖÐÝúðāñéāÖÓè×ąÖ ÐôŚāööŚāÐÝúðāñúðăēèíòÿéòðċãÙāèćïāíÚąēÖúśāððăĎúśðĄÐāòôéúôĈŚãĈúðăēèíòÿéāæùðċãĒ× íòÿċלāüñĈŚúĀöċêŢèÐÝúðāñæĄēċúðāÿùðČôśöĎèßāèÿïāíùÿæśüèÑüÖêòÿÙāðäăĎèùĀÖÓðďæñ 374 |

ėĩûĎĬĻ ġčĩđĨĐĕĚħĘĢĩøĠĨČĚīęŧ

.6 (9 'L/'7&/&6'B (7 &:/ 7 526 /> /H ;` @ (: ' @ :' D I'7 6 @ I7!>I (2 ( 2<` C 86 7( :`/7&6 &2 > .6 (9 'L/'7& <2@ G B .(I 7'A( &7 ; - ,((. :` 19 A*5 7& ,7&@ <`2 6a 7 /6 & ,6 ((& -7/ 7 7(2 (&/6` /2 A*5 ((&@ : '& (5@# : 7,D '/H, C0 H C \ = 6 G'6 ,7&@ 7(##(5 &07 .6 (9 'LA*5#(5 (&, -7 = , -L2'>H C @ <a2 *; 7& (9 A*I, ,7&A H7

/M7 6 (5 7(0 ;` (50,H7 (5@ -D ''= :a A*5 (5@ -C (5 2 (7 7 9 D 'C I (6 ((& > 2<` F <2C (5@ - 6 *H7, 6a 7(A/ ,7& 9 D C @ 9 2'7 C0I@ G /7 7( (6 @ G /9` > 0&7' 0(< 22'H7 I 2' G D I(6 7('2&(6 2'H7 D&H@ G&C 6 C (5@ -D ' (5&,* 0&7'27 7&7 (7 112 (5 =D,I,H7 !>I C 0&9` (5&7 >0&9` 0(< 2A/ ,7&27 7 &7 (I 7'#(5&07 .6 (9 'L #(5(7 9 : (6 7'7 0(< 2 !>I/M7@(G (7 7(A #(52 L I2 (5,7 B . M7 = 6a A H/7& : ; /9 0I7 : 0&7' 0&9` #(5 (&@ 7 = %7# 6 *H7,@ G 0&7' :`0 6 :`/= A*5@ H7 :`!H7 &7 &: 7( M 7 &7C I H2' (6a :`/= C (( 7 0&7'*6 . 5@ :', 6 :a C B* \ = 6 &:@#:' D&H :` : 0*6 &7 :a(50,H7 H, :`@ 9 ,7&,=H ,7' 7 7(@&<2 2'H7 (= A( :`@ 9 7( @ :' 6 ;a @(<` 2 0&7'0&9` #(5 (&@ 7 = %7# H2 0 I 7 :a ,7& 9 6`,D &:2'>H,H7@#:' 7(,9 7( L 0&7' 6 *H7, G27 <2@ G 7(0&9` #(5 (&@ 7 = %7# A*I, 2'H7 D( G 7& M7 , : :`#=H /> ;a D I ; ,7&/ C &7'6 0&7' :`&:2'>H ;`

@#:' 0 ;` -,((. H2 0 I 7 6a >@0&<2 5D&H&: 7( M 7&7C I2: H2D A*I, A*5 M7C0I @(<` 2 :a @ G (5@ G :`&: 7(B I@ :' 6 &7 :`/= (5@ G 0 ;` C \ = 6 B ' 6`,D A*I, "H 7' :`/ 6 / = 0&7' :a C0I@0 =!*,H7\ 07D&H D I2'>H `: 6, 0&7' @2 A H2'>H `: 6, = * :` D&H'; <20*6 7( ;` M 7 0&7' 6 *H7,D C I@#<`2@0 =!* A2 A" /H, "H 7' ( I7&&2 ,H7 :` @ G 0&7' :/` < &7 7 '= /& >( 7 7/9 9(7 'L ;` D&H/2 *I2 6 0*6 (5 7 9 D '

ĎĬĻĘĩĶĐĒĚħijĎğķĎę I A 2 0&7'0&9` #(5 (&@ 7 = %7#C /'7& 6a 2'>H C 0&7' (7/7& , #|-| 2348 ;` (, (,&A*5 M7(5 ;a 7 0&7'/&6' (= -(: 2'= '7 7&&7 (7 7 2 #(5D2' 7(27 70*, 6a (5 =B .D,I 6 H2D :a

86 ùåāèÿèĄĔÓĆüùåāèÿùððćäăċæöòāÙ ÚąēÖùñāðòĀéüăæçăíôðā×āÐÑüð ÚąēÖďãśòĀéüăæçăíôðā×āÐ üăèċãĄñüĄÐÙĀĔèúèąēÖ ùåāèÿĎÐôśċÓĄñÖÐĀèèĄĔüā×íéďãśĎèêòÿċæ÷ ċÙŚè ץè üăèċãĄñ ČôÿéāÖêòÿċæ÷Ďè ČåéċüċÙĄñäÿöĀèüüÐċØĄñÖĎäś ČäŚĎèæĄēèĄĔëĈśċÑĄñèèŚā×ÿúðāñåąÖċלāÓòüÖèÓòĎèñćčòê ī éòòâāçăÐāò

0&7'0&9` #(5 (&@ 7 = %7#

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375

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#(5@ I72'>H06, H7 C0I* B . X / 7 F 0 ;` <2 C0I^ 2(9 @(< 2 Q C0I 6 7 6 0> 6 &<2 6 : @/:' Q C0I , I,'*, 0 6 RU UP : Q C0I M7D,I@ <2 0 ;` A*I,@27 6,* 0 I7 I7 Q C0I D0& 6 =(5 > A*I,@27 6,* @ D#(H Q C0I D0& ,: > Q C0I D0&*70 ;` Q C0I%7 6 L D,I Q 87 C - ,((. :` 19 #(5&07 .6 (9 'L D ' ( &:#(5(7 2M7 7 A*5@ 'C I#(5(7 2M7 7 * 27 7 =& 6 !>I,9#7 .L ,9 7( L #(52 L@ G @,*7'7, 7 I,' I207 :`27 @(: ' D I,H7@ G 7(0&9` #(5 (&@ 7 = %7#88, 89 @&<`2#(5 7 /&@ G #(5 =* 2&@ *I7@ I7 2'>H06, (2 (7 'L #|-| 2411–2453 ( (,&-> 'LA*5 (6 @ *:`' (5 '= 9 ((& D 'C0I@ G A /&6'C0&H #(52 L ( 22 #(5(7 M70 :`(,&@27 7(0&9` (5&7 7( *= (5 & A*5 7(0&9` #(5 (&@ 7 = %7#@ I7@ G 0&7'@ :', 6 0&7'C0&H :a H7 5D I(6 29 9 #*&7 7 7(@/ G (5#7/'=B( C #|-| 2440 @&<`2 @/ G @'<2 /&@ G #(5 6 (#(( 9@'2(&6 #(52 L/= I7' <2D @ 2(L ,9*@3*L& :` 2 :`@ 2(L *9 7 M7 , :0&9` #(5 (&@ 7 = %7# :`&: 7($I 2 (I 2 C 6 (,(( 9 @'2(&6 /&6' 6a 90 D&H H7@ G D D I `: (5@ G 6 *H7, 5@*G *2 #(5@ (#(5 (( 87 Óâÿèăäă÷āùäòŞ, êòÿðöôÐÝúðāñòĀÙÐāôæĄēúèąēÖ ×ćô÷ĀÐòāÙ 1166 íăðíŞäāðØéĀéúôöÖäòāùāð ãöÖ, ċôŚð 2, ÐòćÖċæíþ ðúāöăæñāôĀñçòòð÷āùäòŞ čòÖíăðíŞċòĆüèČÐśöÐāòíăðíŞ, 2529 88 Craig J. Reynolds, “Sedition in Thai History: A Nineteenth-Century Poem and its Critics,” in, Manas Chitakasem and Andrew Turton, eds., Thai Constructions of Knowledge, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1991, pp. 28–31. Ąē ôŚāöåąÖèĄÓĔ üĆ ÐòâĄÑüÖúôöÖíĀáèíÖ÷ŞïÐĀ ãĄ æăð ùćÑñāÖÓŞ ëĈêś òÿíĀèçŞċòĆüē Öèăòā÷úèüÖÓāñ 89 ÐòâĄæÐ ĎèÙŚöÖäśèòĀÙÐāôæĄē 5 èăòā÷ãĀÖÐôŚāöċôŚāåąÖÐāòäăãäāðċלāíòÿñāðúăèæò÷ĀÐãăėçĘāòÖ ċíĒÖ ċíĒÜÐćô ďê

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/2 (5@ - M70 B . 6 *H7,D,I :` 7( M7 = D&H@ 9 8 : 92,93 :`A H7 7 (5@ C (5 2 (7 7 9 D 'C I (6 ((& > M 7 , &7 C '= 6a < 2 0&7' 6 *H 7 , (7 ;a @#<`2 I 2 #(5 (&, -7 = , -L C , ,I7 ,H7 A*5&: 7(@#9`& M7,H7 27 7 &7 (I7' ;` &: ,7& M7 ,& 7 0&7'* D I,' (,& ; ' @*9 I2' @,I B . 6 a 0& 94 (|-| 127] &7 (7 98 !>I C 2 27 A/ ,7&27 7 &7 (I 7' 0(< 20&9` (5&7 H2/&@ G #(5@ I72'>H06, G : /&@ G #(5&@0.: G : & = (7 =&7( G : H2 91 òĀßéāôďæñ, aíòÿòāÙÐĘāúèãôĀÐøâÿúðăēèêòÿðāæãśöñÐāòíĈãúòĆüċÑĄñèåśüñÓĘ āċæĒ×üüÐ čÕøâāÐāò òĀäèčÐùăèæòŞ÷Ð 118,” Ďè êòÿÙćðÐÝúðāñêòÿ×Ęā÷Ð, ċôŚð 17, ò ÷ 118ī19, è 20ī21 92 The New York Times, 18 December 1910. ē čæøèĄ Ĕ ðĄÓöāðċêŢèďêďãśöāŚ ×ÿċÐĄñē öÑśüÖÐĀéÐāòòöðüĘāèā×êÐÓòüÖùĈ÷Ś èĈ ñŞÐôāÖČôÿÐāò 93 Ðāòċíăð

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