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The Weather
Sheet Number: 2011032
Introduction 1 Question: What is Weather? The air that surrounds the earth is called its atmosphere, the actual state of this atmosphere at any given time or place is called the weather. The Weather that surrounds us everyday is very important, as it effects our lives greatly. It can affect the way we think, the things we do and even the way we dress. Have you ever noticed that when it is pouring rain, we feel a little depressed and when the sun shines, we feel a lot better?. This can be the psychological affect that the weather has on some of us.
The weather can vary from place to place. However, when it is monitored over a certain area for a period of time, the results are described as the areas climate. We have all heard of sunny Spain, because much of the time the sun shines in Spain. It therefore can be describe as having a warm climate. Life on earth is dependant on the different kinds of weather we experience. Weather changes are not accidental, many different factors work together to create them.
The Seasons 5 Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter are the seasons on our planet. Many places on earth experience all four 4 seasons throughout the course of the year. The Summer is usually defined by warm weather and a great degree of sunshine In the Autumn the weather is cooler and the trees loose their leaves. In the Winter the weather is colder with plenty of rain and snow. In the Spring, the weather starts to warm up, the flowers begin to bloom and the trees send out new leaves.
The seasonal changes have a great affect on all living things. Some birds and animals migrate to avoid the winter conditions, returning when the milder spring conditions return.
Wind When the sun heats up the earth, it causes air to move from one point to the next, this air movement is known as wind. Instruments known as “Anemometers” are used to measure wind speed and wind vanes are used to determine the direction in which the wind is blowing. Wind can also be helpful in the pollination process, carrying the small pollen grains from one plant to another to create new seeds. This is how plants reproduce. There are also many sports that depend on the wind, such as sailing and wind surfing surfing. Hurricanes In Australia, they are called “Cyclones”, in Asia, they are known as “Typhoons”. We refer to them most commonly as “Hurricanes "and they cause an incredible amount of damage and destruction. The Hurricane storm is caused by heavy rainfall and extremely high winds, usually stretching hundreds of kilometres across. Hurricanes usually start over tropical oceans when warm air rises over the seas. The wind from surrounding areas rushes in
9 Wind can also be used to produce
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increases in speed to begin the fierce storm. Once the hurricane has been formed, it can last for days or even weeks before it dies down. Special centres all over the world continually watch for developing storms using satellite imaging helping. Rainbows Sunlight is made up of seven different colours, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. When the light from the sun shines through the water droplets in the air, the light is bent causing each of the seven colours to bend by different amounts.
Heavy rainfall and flooding 4 disrupt our everyday lives but at the same time it is very important for the water cycle. It allows the water in the atmosphere to return to our seas and oceans, replenishing the earth’s reserves of fresh water.
Snow 7 Snow is made up of large ice crystals which are created when water drops come together or join with smaller ice crystals and then freeze. If you look at snowflakes under a microscope you would see a beautiful variety of different designs. Generally they are built on a hexagonal pattern. Here are some of the names given to those designs. 1/ Needle 2/ Star 3/ Column 4/ Dendrite 5/ Plate
Heavy falls of snow cover land 8 and houses giving the appearance of a large white blanket spread over the countryside.
Tornadoes
10 Tornadoes are extremely violent
11 In 1974, a record-breaking 148
14 this process produces a rainbow.
15 that form when hot air rises up
electricity, this is usually done with the use of wind turbines found on wind farms. So even though it can be a bit of a nuisance when the wind is blowing, it really is important for a lot of different things. Hailstones: Hailstones are made of chunks of ice when water droplets are blown into cold areas of the atmosphere by strong wind currents. They then freeze and fall as hailstones.
13 To replace the rising air which
Rain 3 The weather droplets that create clouds, merge and become heavy and eventually fall as rain. Lighter clouds produce smaller drops that fall as mist or what we commonly call drizzle. Heavy rain falling for long period of time can cause quite a bit of flooding on the land. This happens because the rain builds up too quickly before it can drain away. Flooding also happens when rain causes sea levels to rise and burst out over the land.
17 2/ The Celsius Scale. ( used by most 18 3/ Low Level Clouds These types of clouds are usually countries to measure air temperature ) formed below 2,000m and are made 3/ The Fahrenheit Scale. ( Used by the mainly of water drops. United states to measure air Temperature temperature ) In order to measure temperature, we Scale Conversion: need a scale to measure it with. In the Celsius to Fahrenheit f=(1.8 x c )+32 same way as when you want to Fahrenheit to Celcius c=0.56x(f-32 ) measure how tall you are, you would use feet or metres as your scale. When we want to measure temperature, we use “Degrees” and The Beaufort Scale there are three scales of temperature measurement in use today. 1/ The Kelvin Scale. ( used by scientists )
tubes of wind that can suck up any object that gets in their way. Objects such as cars, trees and even people can get drawn up into the funnel shape of the tornado, only to be thrown out onto the surrounding area. A Tornado can start to form in very humid conditions when warm air and cold air come together to form a huge storm cloud. The air then starts to spin and forms into a funnel shape that gradually descends to ground level. These devastating tornadoes or “twisters” as they are sometimes
Fog: The basic cause of fog is the cooling of warm damp air. Fog forms when invisible water vapour condenses into tiny droplets of water. Particles of dust in the air attract the water and if the air cools down, fog will be formed. Fog will clear if the sun heats up the air enough or the wind changes direction, blowing the fog away or mixing the layers of air. Clouds A cloud is a collection of millions of small water droplets or ice-crystals
Beaufort Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
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tornadoes struck eleven of the united states within a sixteen hour period. The U.S can experience over seven hundred twisters a year. Tornadoes fascinate many people causing them to follow them in an attempt to capture them on film. These people are known as “Storm Chasers”.
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through the atmosphere. The water vapour in it cools and turns the whole collection into a cloud. There are many different types of clouds. They can be broken down into three main groups. 1/High Level Clouds These are formed high up in our atmosphere, usually above 6,000m and are made of ice crystals because of the high level at which they develop. 2/ Medium Level Clouds These are formed about 3,000m up in our skies, and mainly consists of ice and water droplets.
Wind Speed km/h -2 3-5 6-11 2-19 20-29 30-38 39-51 52-61 62-74 75-86 87-101 102-120 120+
Description calm light air light breeze gentle breeze moderate fresh breeze strong breeze near gale gale strong gale storm violent storm hurricane
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