Conference Proceedings Living landscapes | Full papers Section 2 | by Planum n. 27 vol. 2/2013

2. Right to housing/Diritto all’abitare edited by !"#$%&"'())*+%,-'$%."%/"01"$+%2$33$1*)$%!(44"

Introduction

The progressive weakening of traditional physical, social and organizational structures - and of the urban tissue itself - usually leads to poor control of the city system. One of the primary consequences of this phenomenon is the inability for the city to ensure a constant and equal access to the identifying aspects of citizenship to the totality of the urban population: such as accommodations, resources, services, spaces, constitutional rights, education, and social and political participation.

The speed of the progressive mutation, which interests the contemporary city, has thus created a state of widespread urban insecurity, which starts at a housing level and then grows quickly through all the aspects of the urban population’s life. Rapidly it invests with uncertainty and fear the ability for the individuals to recognize themselves in the urban environment and within community in which they live. An insecurity that ends up inhibiting in the population the possibility to imagine a future in their own urban space.

The “solution” to the housing problem - and thus, also, to any other above mentioned consequences – is culpably expected to come from the dynamism of the real estate market; which is instead precisely set within an economic cycle that continually marginalizes wide segments of the population, entire ethnic groups, and countless individuals.

As a consequence, the inability to give answers to the different needs of the population - outside of restricted economic systems - has generated a variety of social, independent, grassroots practices of self-organization which claim their presence within the urban sphere, and their active role as social agents able to generate various and alternative social practices. From community housing, to co-housing, from co-op housing, to co-working, to various forms of collective squatting, all of them become opportunities for coexistence beyond the barriers of an urban environment which is otherwise predominantly individualistic and fragmented.

These practices are affirmed as a right to live the city in its various (housing, working and aggregative) forms; on the one hand as a way to overcome pressing economic difficulties which were already present before the current crisis, and on the other as a way -looking with renewed confidence to the dynamics of relationships - to rediscover a sense of Sharing or, as it was called in the recent past, of “good neighborliness”.

In this perspective, “the right to the city” of Lefebvre became the starting point to develop a reflection of a more specific right: the right to housing.

In fact, the papers of this session decline, in first instance, the right to housing substantially as the right to live and to share the public spaces of the city. For Pizzo to talk about the right to the city becomes the occasion for a critical reading of essays

by Lefebvre (1968) and by Harvey (2008). In this context Belingardi pays specific attention to the right to place in its multiple possibilities of social interaction and social fruition. From Sampieri the social relation, in terms of “shared territory”, it is treated as planning plot and as strategic action in processes for urban renewal. The active presence of citizenship in the recomposition of urban space, in the paper by Selli, implies the need for a rethinking of the professional role of architects; role that, in the paper by Rosada, is in the process of evolution with the access to new digital technologies and the spread of open source software.

If the right to the city is a prerequisite to “the right to inhabiting”, research on access to the house show the issues of greatest in-depth thematic.

The theme of social housing was developed in the public policies of European Union member states with different approaches and dissimilar solution, but generally, as illustrated by Caruso, the social housing has been interpreted as the main public response to “housing needs”. The concept of social housing is more elaborate in the reflection proposed by Capelli, where the theme of the house has broken down in terms of house for vulnerable social groups and “sociology of housing”. Down in the national context, Maggio (in his essay) offers a detailed and critical framework that characterizes the politics of social housing in Italy. The public institutions, in fact, have difficulty in giving an effective and comprehensive answer to housing needs in the various forms that urban reality present, as the case of informal employment of ‘Ex-hospital Luzzi (Florence), told by Marcetti and Tosi Cambini. Finally, Pecoriello investigates the potentiality about the experiences of self-help and self-construction as an alternative answer to “emergency housing”.

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Atti della XV Conferenza Nazionale SIU SocietĂ Italiana degli Urbanisti Pescara, 10-11 maggio 2012

Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Urbanistica che cambia. Rischi e valori

by Planum. The Journal of Urbanism ISSN 1723-0993 | n. 27, vol. 2/2013