Life Cycle Analysis of a Table Lamp by richard clarkson.
SUNNAN LED table lamp ! Lamp head, diameter: 3 " Gooseneck: 17 " Base diameter: 5 " ! Base: ABS plastic, Polycarbonate plastic Arm: Steel, Paint Lamp housing: Aluminum Reflector: Polycarbonate plastic Protective glass: Acrylic ! Price: $19.99 USD Brand: IKEA Target Audience: Students / Modern / Eco IKEA Shopper Cost Estimate: $7.00 USD Made in China More info: Link. ! (IKEA, 2012)
“Helps you save energy and reduce your environmental impact because it is powered by a solar panel that converts sunlight into electricity.� ! (IKEA, 2013)
The data shows that the additional manufacturing effects of the solar components are not worth the payoff of the respective advantages in utilization of solar power. ! !
The data shows that the additional manufacturing effects of the solar components are not worth the payoff of the respective advantages in utilization of solar power. ! !
-35% The solar component results in an overall 35% performance decrease. From 0.22 mPts per functional Unit to 0.34 mPts per functional unit.
“Helps you save energy and reduce your environmental impact because it is powered by a solar panel that converts sunlight into electricity.� ! (IKEA, 2013)
“Helps you save energy and reduce your environmental impact because it is powered by a solar panel that converts sunlight into electricity.� ! (IKEA, 2013)
But‌ !
Opportunities! ! Solar System! The goal of this Life cycle assessment was to Compare this lamp of traditional incandescent lamp alternatives, in order to find if in fact a solar lamp is more sustainable than a traditional one. The data indicates that the addition of the solar component is actually a detriment to the overall score. Usage testing & reviews also reinforce the inefficiency of the solar charging unit. ! Avoiding the use of NiHa batteries and metals would substantially reduce the level of carcinogens released in the Manufacturing stage. ! While the result was negative I still believe this lamp is a step in the right direction. There are amazing opportunities within the world of solar consumer products. The innovation of the removable charging unit is exciting and opens up new opportunities for an entire system of products. !
pip.
pip. ! The word "pip" commonly means a "spot" or a "speck", and perhaps that's why a domino's spots are called "pips". ! "Pip" has been used not only to denote the dots on dominoes, but also the dots on dice. ! Within the context of the game of dominoes, the word "pip" refers to the dots on either end of a domino tile. Each end of the tile contains a number, represented by an arrangement of pips.
pip. ! Modular lighting & charging system. Minimal use of materials that have a carcinogenic byproduct. As the technology for each particular section updates users simply purchase the respective new ‘plate’ rather than a whole new lamp. Reuse and recycling collection programs atIKEA distribution stores. Users receive a 20% discount on new, updated plates when they return the outdated version. ! !
81% The design recommendations for Pip result in an overall 81% performance increase. This is due to: !
Increased battery capacity & efficiency Increased solar cell efficiency Reduction in material usage – especially metals. Modular Recycling initiative.
pip.
pip. !
richard clarkson. life-cycles and flows – 2013
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appendix:
AMAZON, 2013. IKEA solar table lamp. http://www.amazon.com/Ikea-Solar-Table-Lamp-Sunnan/dp/B006O2FXEG#productDetails
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IKEA, 2012. Sunnan LED Table Lamp Assembly Instructions, Article Number 901.543.71
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IKEA, 2013. Website Cataloge Listing: http://www.ikea.com/us/en/catalog/products/90154371/
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IKEA, 2013. Brand Listing Webpage: http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/sunnan/sunnan.html
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US DOE, 2012. Life-Cycle Assessment of Energy and Environmental Impacts of LED Lighting Products: http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/ 2012_led_lca-pt2.pdf
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Image Sources:
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IKEA, 2013. Website Cataloge Listing: http://www.ikea.com/us/en/catalog/products/90154371/
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IKEA Solar-Powerd LED Desk Lamp by Ben. April 27 2009. http://www.likecool.com/IKEA_Solar-Powered_LED_Desk_Lamp--Lighting--Home.html
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http://tytuurzadzisz.pl/tag/nicolas-cortolezzis/
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IKEA, 2013. Brand Listing Webpage: http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/sunnan/sunnan.html
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Richard Clarkson Deconstruction Exercise
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Richard Clarkson Map
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Solar Energy Test
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LED Energy Draw Test
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LED Hack Test
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Process Flow Map - Done using Lovely Charts
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Life Cycle Inventory.
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LCI analysis, Data calculated from Sustainable Minds Program.
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Derived from assumptions & information from: IKEA website and Amazon Listing See bibliography. EXCEL Link.
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Project: Solar,LED,Lamp Concept: Sunnan,LED,Lamp Methodology:SM,2013 Date: Oct,23,,2013 Created,by: Richard,Clarkson Total,Amount,of,Service,delivered,during,the,lifetime,of,the,product: 3,x,Lumen,Hours,per,12,Solar,Charging,Hours Item
Stage 0 1 1.1
1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.2 1.1.2 1.1.2.1 1.1.3 1.1.3.1 1.1.4 1.1.4.1 1.1.5 1.1.5.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3 1.3.1 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.6 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.7 1.7.1 1.8 1.8.1 1.8.2 1.9 1.9.1 1.9.2 1.1 1.10.1 1.10.2 2 3 3.1.1.1 3.1.1.2 3.1.1.3 3.1.1.4 3.1.1.5 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.1.7
Row,type Part,ID concept Manufacturing Life,cycle,stage Manufacturing Subassembly Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material,processing Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material,processing Manufacturing Material,processing Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material,processing Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material,processing Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material,processing Manufacturing Material,processing Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material,processing Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material,processing Manufacturing Material Manufacturing Part Manufacturing Material,processing Manufacturing Material Use Life,cycle,stage End,of,life Life,cycle,stage End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life End,of,life
Name Description Qty Sunnan,LED,Lamp
Material/process
Amount
Units Measurement,source Total,(mpts) Acidification,(mpts) Ecotoxicity,(mpts) Global,Warming,(mpts) Ozone,Depletion,(mpts) Eutrophication,(mpts) Fossil,fuel,depletion,(mpts) Respiratory,effects,(mpts) Carcinogenics,(mpts) Non,carcinogenics,(mpts) Smog,(mpts) CO2,Equivalent,(kgs) 0.337 0.0112 0.0148 0.0354 0.000331 0.00235 0.0199 0.0114 0.209 0.0272 0.00556 2.46
Solar,Unit Portable,Solar,Unit1 Casing 1 33 g Process Injection,molding,,plastics 33 g Estimate 0.000891 4.10E_05 Casing Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene,copolymer,,ABS 33 g Measurement 0.00266 5.28E_05 Battery 3 21.4 g Battery Battery,,NiMH,,rechargeable,,prismatic 21.4 g Measurement 0.114 0.00874 Solar,Cell Shayne,McQuade,&,Bosch_Solar_Cell_M_3BB_C3_1200_2012,5,29 1 3g Solar,Cell CZ,single,crystalline,silicon,,photovoltaics 3g Literature,or,similar,products 0.00546 0.000243 Battery,Contacts 1 8g Battery,Contacts Tin,,primary 8g Estimate 0.00636 0.000529 Part 1 4g Part Epoxy,resin,,liquid 4g Estimate 0.000761 2.32E_05 Packaging 1 17 g Process Thermoforming,,plastics 17 g Estimate 0.000302 1.44E_05 Process Extrusion,,film,,plastics 17 g Estimate 0.000194 8.99E_06 Packaging Polyethylene,,LDPE,,granulate 17 g Estimate 0.000869 1.74E_05 Printing,Ink 1 1g Printing,Ink Toner,,black,,powder 1g Estimate 0.000135 6.03E_06 Lamp,Body 1 111 g Process Injection,molding,,plastics 111 g Estimate 0.003 0.000138 Lamp,Body Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene,copolymer,,ABS111 g Estimate 0.00895 0.000178 Assembly,Screws Various,Sizes. 1 14 g Process Turning,,steel 14 g Estimate 0.00533 3.15E_05 Assembly,Screws Steel,,converter,,low_alloyed 14 g Estimate 0.00238 2.16E_05 Goose_Neck 1 102 g Process Powder,coating,,steel 7 in2 Estimate 0.000522 3.76E_05 Process Wire,drawing,,steel 102 g Estimate 0.00659 2.08E_05 Goose_Neck Cast,iron 102 g Measurement 0.0519 0.000105 Instruction,Manual Assumed,Paper,Type 1 12 g Instruction,Manual Paper,,newsprint 12 g Estimate 0.000476 2.68E_05 Protective,Cover 1 3g Process Injection,molding,,plastics 3g Measurement 8.10E_05 3.73E_06 Protective,Cover Polycarbonate,,PC 3g Estimate 0.000433 9.62E_06 Bulb,Housing 1 29 g Process Powder,coating,,aluminum 10 cm2 Estimate 0.000309 2.07E_06 Bulb,Housing Aluminum,,cast,,semi_permanent,mold,(SPM)/kg,NREL,/US 29 g Measurement 0.00639 0.000375 Base,Weight 2 106 g Process Cold,impact,extrusion,,steel,,1,stroke 106 g Estimate 0.00472 0.00011 Base,Weight Cast,iron 106 g Estimate 0.108 0.000218
Incineration,,plastics,,mixture 1 Recycling 3 Landfill,,sanitary,,generic 1 Recycling 1 Recycling 1 Landfill,,polyethylene 1 Recycling 1 Incineration,,plastics,,mixture 1 Landfill,,steel 1 Landfill,,steel 1 Recycling Assumed,Recycling1
Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene,copolymer,,ABS 33 Battery,,NiMH,,rechargeable,,prismatic 21.4 CZ,single,crystalline,silicon,,photovoltaics 3 Tin,,primary 8 Epoxy,resin,,liquid 4 Polyethylene,,LDPE,,granulate 17 Toner,,black,,powder 1 Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene,copolymer,,ABS111 Steel,,converter,,low_alloyed 14 Cast,iron 102 Paper,,newsprint 12
g g g g g g g g g g g
0.000975 0 3.42E_07 0 0 1.57E_05 0 0.00328 2.75E_06 2.01E_05 0
2.84E_06 0 1.99E_08 0 0 2.36E_07 0 9.55E_06 1.06E_07 7.72E_07 0
3.86E_05 0.000157
0.000272 0.000612
1.27E_06 3.47E_09
1.33E_05 4.11E_05
0.00016 0.000917
3.00E_05 5.71E_05
0.000251 0.000755
5.41E_05 1.67E_05
2.99E_05 5.30E_05
0.0189 0.0425
0.0049
0.0195
0.000319
0.00118
0.01
0.00811
0.0479
0.00947
0.00343
1.36
0.000189
0.00183
2.02E_06
0.000128
0.00105
0.000176
0.0013
0.000336
0.000206
0.127
0.000229
0.000858
6.04E_07
9.22E_05
0.000346
0.00102
0.00256
0.000399
0.000325
0.0596
5.25E_05
0.000129
3.41E_10
1.99E_05
0.000142
3.94E_05
0.000247
6.78E_05
3.99E_05
0.00897
1.80E_05 1.25E_05 5.16E_05
8.63E_05 5.69E_05 0.000171
4.76E_08 3.25E_08 2.98E_10
4.34E_06 2.10E_06 3.52E_06
3.95E_05 2.15E_05 0.000367
1.09E_05 6.76E_06 1.46E_05
9.75E_05 6.51E_05 0.000221
2.04E_05 1.39E_05 4.86E_06
1.01E_05 5.92E_06 1.84E_05
0.00599 0.00395 0.0118
6.12E_06
3.40E_05
1.67E_08
1.52E_06
2.75E_05
4.58E_06
3.78E_05
1.25E_05
4.85E_06
0.00236
0.00013 0.000528
0.000915 0.00206
4.26E_06 1.17E_08
4.46E_05 0.000138
0.000538 0.00308
0.000101 0.000192
0.000845 0.00254
0.000182 5.60E_05
0.000101 0.000178
0.0635 0.143
0.000221 9.23E_05
0.000249 0.000153
1.74E_07 5.50E_08
3.60E_05 6.88E_06
0.000103 3.69E_05
7.26E_05 8.61E_05
0.0042 0.00184
0.000391 0.000117
3.07E_05 2.40E_05
0.0172 0.0106
1.66E_05 0.000254 0.00188
0.000112 0.000188 0.000804
1.99E_07 1.77E_07 3.47E_07
4.83E_06 8.21E_06 3.22E_05
9.16E_05 5.66E_05 0.000225
9.32E_06 2.69E_05 0.000291
0.000209 0.00593 0.0436
3.05E_05 9.28E_05 0.00484
1.00E_05 1.69E_05 0.000107
0.00779 0.013 0.0558
2.06E_05
0.000139
7.29E_08
1.16E_05
4.59E_05
1.97E_05
0.000151
4.24E_05
1.87E_05
0.00964
3.51E_06 2.59E_05
2.47E_05 0.000112
1.15E_07 1.48E_10
1.21E_06 4.54E_06
1.45E_05 8.52E_05
2.73E_06 1.73E_05
2.28E_05 0.000123
4.91E_06 4.60E_05
2.72E_06 1.03E_05
0.00172 0.00775
1.16E_05 0.000673
2.03E_05 0.00214
2.40E_08 3.91E_07
9.57E_07 0.000258
1.55E_05 0.000953
1.77E_06 0.000199
0.000251 0.00122
4.82E_06 0.000333
1.80E_06 0.000234
0.00141 0.149
0.000257 0.0039
0.00101 0.00167
1.09E_06 7.21E_07
0.000131 6.70E_05
0.000639 0.000468
8.32E_05 0.000605
0.00199 0.0907
0.000412 0.0101
8.55E_05 0.000223
0.07 0.116
0.000237 0 6.81E_09 0 0 2.69E_07 0 0.000797 6.69E_08 4.87E_07 0
0.000374 0 7.98E_08 0 0 9.36E_06 0 0.00126 5.11E_07 3.73E_06 0
7.32E_09 0 1.17E_10 0 0 3.51E_09 0 2.46E_08 1.98E_09 1.44E_08 0
2.07E_06 0 1.40E_08 0 0 8.42E_07 0 6.95E_06 7.94E_08 5.79E_07 0
3.87E_06 0 6.44E_08 0 0 1.58E_06 0 1.30E_05 8.29E_07 6.04E_06 0
1.55E_06 0 2.69E_08 0 0 2.81E_07 0 5.22E_06 1.22E_07 8.92E_07 0
0.000322 0 7.39E_08 0 0 2.32E_06 0 0.00108 6.83E_07 4.98E_06 0
2.61E_05 0 1.14E_08 0 0 3.20E_07 0 8.78E_05 1.04E_07 7.57E_07 0
5.79E_06 0 4.52E_08 0 0 5.07E_07 0 1.95E_05 2.50E_07 1.82E_06 0
0.0259 0 5.53E_06 0 0 0.000649 0 0.0873 3.55E_05 0.000258 0
Project: Solar,LED,Lamp Concept: Sunnan,LED,Lamp Methodology:SM,2013 Date: Oct,23,,2013 Created,by: Richard,Clarkson Total,Amount,of,Service,delivered,during,the,lifetime,of,the,product: 3,x,Lumen,Hours,per,12,Solar,Charging,Hours Item
Stage Row,type Part,ID Name Description Qty Material/process Amount Units Measurement,source Total,(mpts) Acidification,(mpts) Ecotoxicity,(mpts) Global,Warming,(mpts) Ozone,Depletion,(mpts) Eutrophication,(mpts) Fossil,fuel,depletion,(mpts) Respiratory,effects,(mpts) Carcinogenics,(mpts) Non,carcinogenics,(mpts) Smog,(mpts) CO2,Equivalent,(kgs) 0 concept Sunnan,LED,Lamp 0.337 0.0112 0.0148 0.0354 0.000331 0.00235 0.0199 0.0114 0.209 0.0272 0.00556 2.46 1 Manufacturing Life,cycle,stage 1.1 Manufacturing Subassembly Solar,Unit Portable,Solar,Unit1 1.1.1 Manufacturing Part Casing 1 33 g 1.1.1.1 Manufacturing Process 33 g3 g Estimate 0.000891 0.0189 3.1.8 End,of,life Material,processing End,of,life Incineration,,plastics,,mixture Injection,molding,,plastics 1 Polycarbonate,,PC 8.86E_05 4.10E_05 2.58E_07 3.86E_05 2.15E_05 0.000272 3.40E_05 1.27E_06 6.66E_10 1.33E_05 1.88E_07 0.00016 3.52E_07 3.00E_05 1.41E_07 0.000251 2.93E_05 5.41E_05 2.37E_06 2.99E_05 5.27E_07 0.00236 1.1.1.2 Manufacturing Material Casing Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene,copolymer,,ABS 33 g Measurement 0.00266 5.28E_05 0.000157 0.000612 3.47E_09 4.11E_05 0.000917 5.71E_05 0.000755 1.67E_05 5.30E_05 0.0425 3.1.9 End,of,life End,of,life Landfill,,aluminum 1 Aluminum,,cast,,semi_permanent,mold,(SPM)/kg,NREL,/US 29 g 2.29E_05 9.93E_07 7.65E_07 4.31E_06 8.31E_09 3.96E_07 3.94E_06 7.16E_07 9.10E_06 1.33E_06 1.31E_06 0.000299 1.1.2 Manufacturing Part Battery 3 21.4 g 3.1.10 End,of,life End,of,life Landfill,,steel 2 Cast,iron 106 g 4.17E_05 1.60E_06 1.01E_06 7.74E_06 2.99E_08 1.20E_06 1.26E_05 1.85E_06 1.03E_05 1.57E_06 3.79E_06 0.000537 1.1.2.1 Manufacturing Material Battery Battery,,NiMH,,rechargeable,,prismatic 21.4 g Measurement 0.114 0.00874 0.0049 0.0195 0.000319 0.00118 0.01 0.00811 0.0479 0.00947 0.00343 1.36 4 Transportation Life,cycle,stage 1.1.3 Manufacturing Part Solar,Cell Shayne,McQuade,&,Bosch_Solar_Cell_M_3BB_C3_1200_2012,5,29 1 3 g 4.1 Transportation Transportation,_,Assembled,product 1.1.3.1 Manufacturing Material Solar,Cell CZ,single,crystalline,silicon,,photovoltaics 3 g milesLiterature,or,similar,products 0.00546 0.0013 0.000336 0.127 4.1.1 Transportation Transportation,_,Assembled,product 1 Freighter,,oceanic 7900 Estimate 0.0021 0.000243 0.000255 0.000189 3.94E_05 0.00183 0.000432 2.02E_06 6.28E_07 0.000128 9.09E_05 0.00105 0.000347 0.000176 0.000174 0.000368 6.78E_05 0.000206 0.000322 0.03 1.1.4 Manufacturing Part Battery,Contacts 1 1 Truck,,20_28t 880 g miles Estimate 4.1.2 Transportation Transportation,_,Assembled,product 0.000395 1.53E_05 1.33E_05 7.84E_05 1.65E_07 1.11E_05 7.39E_05 1.22E_05 0.000133 1.99E_05 3.76E_05 0.00544 1.1.4.1 Manufacturing Material Battery,Contacts Tin,,primary 8g Estimate 0.00636 0.000529 0.000229 0.000858 6.04E_07 9.22E_05 0.000346 0.00102 0.00256 0.000399 0.000325 0.0596 1.1.5 Manufacturing Part Part 1 4g Data,values,contained,in,this,spreadsheet,are,based,on,intermediate,calculations,from,within,the,Sustainable,Minds,Software.,Values,are,for,informative,purposes,only.,Modifications,to,contained,data,values,may,invalidate,the,results. 1.1.5.1 Manufacturing Material Part Epoxy,resin,,liquid 4g Estimate 0.000761 2.32E_05 5.25E_05 0.000129 3.41E_10 1.99E_05 0.000142 3.94E_05 0.000247 6.78E_05 3.99E_05 0.00897 1.2 Manufacturing Part Packaging 1 17 g 1.2.1 Manufacturing Material,processing Process Thermoforming,,plastics 17 g Estimate 0.000302 1.44E_05 1.80E_05 8.63E_05 4.76E_08 4.34E_06 3.95E_05 1.09E_05 9.75E_05 2.04E_05 1.01E_05 0.00599 1.2.2 Manufacturing Material,processing Process Extrusion,,film,,plastics 17 g Estimate 0.000194 8.99E_06 1.25E_05 5.69E_05 3.25E_08 2.10E_06 2.15E_05 6.76E_06 6.51E_05 1.39E_05 5.92E_06 0.00395 1.2.3 Manufacturing Material Packaging Polyethylene,,LDPE,,granulate 17 g Estimate 0.000869 1.74E_05 5.16E_05 0.000171 2.98E_10 3.52E_06 0.000367 1.46E_05 0.000221 4.86E_06 1.84E_05 0.0118 1.3 Manufacturing Part Printing,Ink 1 1g 1.3.1 Manufacturing Material Printing,Ink Toner,,black,,powder 1g Estimate 0.000135 6.03E_06 6.12E_06 3.40E_05 1.67E_08 1.52E_06 2.75E_05 4.58E_06 3.78E_05 1.25E_05 4.85E_06 0.00236 1.4 Manufacturing Part Lamp,Body 1 111 g 1.4.1 Manufacturing Material,processing Process Injection,molding,,plastics 111 g Estimate 0.003 0.000138 0.00013 0.000915 4.26E_06 4.46E_05 0.000538 0.000101 0.000845 0.000182 0.000101 0.0635 1.4.2 Manufacturing Material Lamp,Body Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene,copolymer,,ABS111 g Estimate 0.00895 0.000178 0.000528 0.00206 1.17E_08 0.000138 0.00308 0.000192 0.00254 5.60E_05 0.000178 0.143 1.5 Manufacturing Part Assembly,Screws Various,Sizes. 1 14 g 1.5.1 Manufacturing Material,processing Process Turning,,steel 14 g Estimate 0.00533 3.15E_05 0.000221 0.000249 1.74E_07 3.60E_05 0.000103 7.26E_05 0.0042 0.000391 3.07E_05 0.0172 1.5.2 Manufacturing Material Assembly,Screws Steel,,converter,,low_alloyed 14 g Estimate 0.00238 2.16E_05 9.23E_05 0.000153 5.50E_08 6.88E_06 3.69E_05 8.61E_05 0.00184 0.000117 2.40E_05 0.0106 1.6 Manufacturing Part Goose_Neck 1 102 g 1.6.1 Manufacturing Material,processing Process Powder,coating,,steel 7 in2 Estimate 0.000522 3.76E_05 1.66E_05 0.000112 1.99E_07 4.83E_06 9.16E_05 9.32E_06 0.000209 3.05E_05 1.00E_05 0.00779 1.6.2 Manufacturing Material,processing Process Wire,drawing,,steel 102 g Estimate 0.00659 2.08E_05 0.000254 0.000188 1.77E_07 8.21E_06 5.66E_05 2.69E_05 0.00593 9.28E_05 1.69E_05 0.013 1.6.3 Manufacturing Material Goose_Neck Cast,iron 102 g Measurement 0.0519 0.000105 0.00188 0.000804 3.47E_07 3.22E_05 0.000225 0.000291 0.0436 0.00484 0.000107 0.0558 1.7 Manufacturing Part Instruction,Manual Assumed,Paper,Type 1 12 g 1.7.1 Manufacturing Material Instruction,Manual Paper,,newsprint 12 g Estimate 0.000476 2.68E_05 2.06E_05 0.000139 7.29E_08 1.16E_05 4.59E_05 1.97E_05 0.000151 4.24E_05 1.87E_05 0.00964 1.8 Manufacturing Part Protective,Cover 1 3g 1.8.1 Manufacturing Material,processing Process Injection,molding,,plastics 3g Measurement 8.10E_05 3.73E_06 3.51E_06 2.47E_05 1.15E_07 1.21E_06 1.45E_05 2.73E_06 2.28E_05 4.91E_06 2.72E_06 0.00172 1.8.2 Manufacturing Material Protective,Cover Polycarbonate,,PC 3g Estimate 0.000433 9.62E_06 2.59E_05 0.000112 1.48E_10 4.54E_06 8.52E_05 1.73E_05 0.000123 4.60E_05 1.03E_05 0.00775 1.9 Manufacturing Part Bulb,Housing 1 29 g 1.9.1 Manufacturing Material,processing Process Powder,coating,,aluminum 10 cm2 Estimate 0.000309 2.07E_06 1.16E_05 2.03E_05 2.40E_08 9.57E_07 1.55E_05 1.77E_06 0.000251 4.82E_06 1.80E_06 0.00141 1.9.2 Manufacturing Material Bulb,Housing Aluminum,,cast,,semi_permanent,mold,(SPM)/kg,NREL,/US 29 g Measurement 0.00639 0.000375 0.000673 0.00214 3.91E_07 0.000258 0.000953 0.000199 0.00122 0.000333 0.000234 0.149 1.1 Manufacturing Part Base,Weight 2 106 g 1.10.1 Manufacturing Material,processing Process Cold,impact,extrusion,,steel,,1,stroke 106 g Estimate 0.00472 0.00011 0.000257 0.00101 1.09E_06 0.000131 0.000639 8.32E_05 0.00199 0.000412 8.55E_05 0.07 1.10.2 Manufacturing Material Base,Weight Cast,iron 106 g Estimate 0.108 0.000218 0.0039 0.00167 7.21E_07 6.70E_05 0.000468 0.000605 0.0907 0.0101 0.000223 0.116 2 Use Life,cycle,stage 3 End,of,life Life,cycle,stage 3.1.1.1 End,of,life End,of,life Incineration,,plastics,,mixture 1 Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene,copolymer,,ABS 33 g 0.000975 2.84E_06 0.000237 0.000374 7.32E_09 2.07E_06 3.87E_06 1.55E_06 0.000322 2.61E_05 5.79E_06 0.0259 3.1.1.2 End,of,life End,of,life Recycling 3 Battery,,NiMH,,rechargeable,,prismatic 21.4 g 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1.1.3 End,of,life End,of,life Landfill,,sanitary,,generic 1 CZ,single,crystalline,silicon,,photovoltaics 3g 3.42E_07 1.99E_08 6.81E_09 7.98E_08 1.17E_10 1.40E_08 6.44E_08 2.69E_08 7.39E_08 1.14E_08 4.52E_08 5.53E_06 3.1.1.4 End,of,life End,of,life Recycling 1 Tin,,primary 8g 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1.1.5 End,of,life End,of,life Recycling 1 Epoxy,resin,,liquid 4g 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1.2 End,of,life End,of,life Landfill,,polyethylene 1 Polyethylene,,LDPE,,granulate 17 g 1.57E_05 2.36E_07 2.69E_07 9.36E_06 3.51E_09 8.42E_07 1.58E_06 2.81E_07 2.32E_06 3.20E_07 5.07E_07 0.000649 3.1.3 End,of,life End,of,life Recycling 1 Toner,,black,,powder 1g 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1.4 End,of,life End,of,life Incineration,,plastics,,mixture 1 Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene,copolymer,,ABS111 g 0.00328 9.55E_06 0.000797 0.00126 2.46E_08 6.95E_06 1.30E_05 5.22E_06 0.00108 8.78E_05 1.95E_05 0.0873 3.1.5 End,of,life End,of,life Landfill,,steel 1 Steel,,converter,,low_alloyed 14 g 2.75E_06 1.06E_07 6.69E_08 5.11E_07 1.98E_09 7.94E_08 8.29E_07 1.22E_07 6.83E_07 1.04E_07 2.50E_07 3.55E_05 3.1.6 End,of,life End,of,life Landfill,,steel 1 Cast,iron 102 g 2.01E_05 7.72E_07 4.87E_07 3.73E_06 1.44E_08 5.79E_07 6.04E_06 8.92E_07 4.98E_06 7.57E_07 1.82E_06 0.000258 3.1.7 End,of,life End,of,life Recycling Assumed,Recycling1 Paper,,newsprint 12 g 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Process & Material Breakdown:
Fig 11
20
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Fig 11
Stakeholder Analysis: Raw Materials Extraction
Material Processing
Assembly
Brand
Consumer
Mining Companies -Goals: Maintain Business with customers (tier 2 factories), Controlling costs.
Steel Mill -Goals: Maintain Business with customers (tier 1 factories), controlling costs.
Electric Component Assembly -Goals: Maintain Business with customers (IKEA), controlling costs.
IKEA Franchise -Maintain Brand Image & Quality, Controlling Costs, Maximizing distribution efficiency, maintaining labor force moral, Expanding customer base.
IKEA Purchasing Consumer - Low Cost, Low maintenance, relative ease of assembly, transportation costs, energy usage, environmental impact, light efficiency, future associated costs
Local Communities - Labor Opportunities, Safe environment
Aluminum Processor -Goals: Maintain Business with customers (tier 1 factories), controlling Costs. Local Communities - Labor Opportunities, Safe environment
Main Lamp Assembly -Goals: Maintain Business with customers (IKEA), controlling costs. Chinese Local Government -Labor Opportunities, Safe environment, Economic Growth, Taxes Chinese National Government -Unemployment, Maintaining Trade Relationships, Safe environment, Economic Growth, Taxes
Nicolas Cortolezzis - Designer relationship with IKEA, Personal Design image, Product efficiency & quality, Portfolio UNICEF - Financial Income from Donations, efficiency of Donations to Help, IKEA Brooklyn - Maximizing distribution efficiency, maintaining labor force moral, Expanding customer base.
Electric Companies -Goals: Maintain Business with customers, controlling costs. Domestic Freight Companies -Goals: Maintain Business with customers (IKEA & Factory Tiers), controlling costs.
Battery Suppliers - Future Sales, Controlling Costs Landfill Services - Controlling Costs, Maintaining Inflow, Land distribution
Hacking the Solar Unit & LED components to make a handheld light.