15 02 02 progr doc arq eng

2014-2015

PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO

ARQUITECTURA

Doctorado en Arquitectura Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción ARCHITECTURE

S IDA D

ER

2014-2015

S IDA D D

D

E

E

S EV I LL

S EV I LL

u

ARQUITECTURA Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN

ARQUITECTURA Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO

S IDA D D

E S EV I LL

ARQUITECTURA Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN

u

IDA

S EV I LL

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO

E

2014-2015

ER

S D ER Doctorado en Arquitectura Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción D

u IV

IV

UN

UN

A

PHD PROGRAMME

ER

IV

UN

IV

UN

u

A

PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO

ARQUITECTURA

A INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO ARQUITECTURA Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN

A

ARCHITECTURE

PHD PROGRAMME

2014-2015

PHD PROGRAMME

2014-2015

ARCHITECTURE

u

S EV I LL

A

S EV I LL

UN

E

E

UN

S IDA D

IV

ER

D

IV

S IDA D

D

u ER

A

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO

ARQUITECTURA Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN

ARQUITECTURA Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN

IV

UN

Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO ARQUITECTURA Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN

S EV I LL

S EV I LL

UN

S IDA D E

E

IV

D

u

Doctorado en ArquitecturaE R

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO ARQUITECTURA Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN

Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción A

S IDA D

D

u ER

A

PHD PROGRAMME IN ARCHITECTURE Teaching Material 2014-2015

Academic Committee of the PHD Programme: Juan José Sendra Salas, president Narciso Jesús Vázquez Carretero, member Paloma Pineda Palomo, registrar María Dolores Robador González, member José Morales Sánchez, member Antonio Ampliato Briones, member Carlos García Vázquez, member Antonio Jaramillo Morilla, member Teófilo Zamarreño García, member Ana Rosa Diánez Martínez, member Victoriano Sáinz Gutiérrez, member Antonio Tejedor Cabrera, member

PHD Programme in Architecture www.doctoradoarquitectura.us.es © Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura Universidad de Sevilla 2014

Avda. Reina Mercedes, 2 41012 SEVILLA Phone: (+34) 954 556 501 Fax: (+34) 954 556 534 Email: directoretsa@us.es www.etsa.us.es

© Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción (IUACC) 2014 Universidad de Sevilla

Avda. Reina Mercedes, 2 41012 SEVILLA Phone: (+34) 954 551 630 Fax: (+34) 954 557 024 Email: iuccsecret@us.es www.iucc.us.es

© Design: Amanda Martín-Mariscal + Recolectores Urbanos Playout: Amanda Martín-Mariscal + Recolectores Urbanos ISBN: 978-84-6971794-3 Depósito Legal: 32-2015 All rights reserved.

The reproduction, distribution, public communication, and transformation of any part of this document, by any means, without the written permission of the Secretary of Publications of the University of Seville (Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla) is strictly prohibited.

Letter from the directors of the Higher Technical School of Architecture (ETSA) and the Institute of Architecture and Building Science (IUACC) of the University of Seville The University of Seville’s PhD Programme in Architecture adapted to the European Higher Education Area at the beginning of the 2012-13 academic year. Following a year of training experience for PhD students in this new programme, we are attempting to give a greater dissemination with this publication, both internally, that is, for teachers of the programme and enrolled students, and externally, mainly for those who hope to form part of it.

The publication has two different parts: The first part which makes a general presentation of the programme and how it has been designed, describing objectives and competencies, areas of research and training activities, material and human resources, actions for internationalisation, monitoring and assessment; and the second more extensive part which, for each of the thirteen areas of research in which the training project is set out, presents contents and methodologies, challenges and current strategies, projects, results of research and recently presented PhD theses (last three years) and lastly, references, both in terms of national and international groups, magazines and dissemination channels of the results along this area of research.

Our initial aim is to update this publication at the beginning of each academic year, especially regarding projects, results of research and doctorate theses, in a way that it facilitates the monitoring of the progress of the training programme and the evaluation of the gradual achievement of the formulated objectives.

In accordance with the programme’s Internationalisation Plan, this publication is both in Spanish and English, with the aim of facilitating greater knowledge and international dissemination, which would help attract foreign students.

We would like to show our appreciation to the University of Seville for the funding of this publication via its Own Teaching Plan.

In Seville, 10th of October 2014 Narciso Vázquez Carretero, Director of the Higher Technical College of Architecture Juan José Sendra, Director of the University Institute of Architecture and Building Science University of Seville

CONTENTS

General presentation of the PhD Programme .......................................................................... 9

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AREA LT1: Design, construction, building commissioning, and maintenance .................................. 29 LT2: Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning ...... 41 LT3: City, territory and landscape ........................................................................................................................ 63 LT4: Contemporary housing and habitat ...................................................................................................... 75 LT5: Advanced architecture ..................................................................................................................................... 85

SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREA LE1: Geotechnics and earthquake engineering .................................................................................... 109 LE2: Structures in building and civil engineering ................................................................................ 121 LE3: Building materials and technologies. Sustainable building ............................................. 131 LE4: Environmental conditioning, energy efficiency and ICT in building .......................... 145 LE5: Analysis and communication of architecture .......................................................................... 161 LE6: History of architecture and architectural theory: cultural studies, social management and creative city ................................................................................................ 171

LE7: Tourism and sustainability: architecture and infrastructures ...................................... 181 LE8: Architecture in the Contemporary Reality .................................................................................... 193

GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE PHD PROGRAMME [Programme coordinador: Juan JosĂŠ Sendra]

The PhD Programme in Architecture is one of the programmes offered by the University of Seville (International Doctoral School), in accordance with the Royal Decree 99/2011 which regulates the official Doctorate studies in Spain within the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Its purpose is to be a visible national and international reference for training researchers in architecture (and other related careers) in a total of 13 areas of research, 5 cross-disciplinary and 8 specific. It boasts of the participation of teachers from 10 knowledge areas, gathering all of the PhD training capacity from the investigation groups of the Higher Technical School of Architecture (ETSA), the University Institute of Architecture and Building Science (IUACC) and the Higher Technical School of Building Engineering (ETSIE).

The objectives of this PhD Program are to provide excellence in Doctoral education, and to become a national and international model for training young researchers who are studying Architecture and other similar disciplines. We set these goals taking into account our experience, having already been awarded the quality commendation by the Ministry of Education for a previous, less dynamic PhD Program. With that in mind, we are putting forward the following course of action: 1. To define a set of ambitious goals to be achieved. To this end, we have established a series of aptitudes and abilities that the students in the Program will be expected to acquire. We have therefore deemed it necessary to offer additional educational activities to complement the Doctoral Thesis work to be carried out.

2. The designing of an Internationalisation Plan, the objective of which would not only be to encourage students within this Program to study in excellence-related research centers abroad, but also to invite students from other countries to spend a short period of time in our Program, or to enrol full time. Likewise, this plan aims to encourage research groups associated with this Program to participate in competitive international projects and to publish their findings.

9

PhD Programme in Architecture 3. To encourage companies with R&D Departments and Technology Centers working in similar areas of research so as to participate in, and collaborate with, this PhD Program. These companies would be linked mainly with the building, energy, and environment-based sectors, and would primarily be those which are selected agents for the Andalusian Knowledge System. This would help to finance the Program and to disseminate research findings, while we will also establish the appropriate cooperation agreements in order to facilitate such collaboration.

4. To foster, stimulate, and perform the task of disseminating both the research findings generated, as well as the Doctoral Studies’ activities themselves.

5. To facilitate this PhD Program’s access to the infrastructure needed to ensure the transfer of technology and knowledge.

6. To set up advisory committees to help the Program achieve the greatest social repercussion possible through its research and production.

Organisational structure The PhD programme establishes its training along the following areas of research: CROSS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AREA LT1 Design, construction, building commissioning, and maintenance LT2 Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning LT3 City, territory and landscape LT4 Contemporary housing and habitat LT5 Advanced architecture SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREA LE1 Geotechnics and earthquake engineering LE2 Structures in building and civil engineering LE3 Building materials and technologies. Sustainable building LE4 Environmental conditioning, energy efficiency and ICT in building LE5 Analysis and communication of Architecture LE6 History of architecture and architectural theory: cultural studies, social 0 management and creative city LE7 Tourism and sustainability: architecture and infrastructures LE8 Architecture in the Contemporary Reality

10

0

General presentation Available human resources are organised into training teams by areas of knowledge:

Team 1

Team 2

Continuum Mechanics/ Geotechnical Engineering

Cross-disciplinary research area (LT1, LT2, LT3, LT4, LT5)

Architectural Constructions

Cross-disciplinary research area (LT1, LT2, LT3, LT4, LT5)

LE1. Geotechnics and earthquake engineering LE2. Structures in building and civil engineering LE3. Building materials and technologies. Sustainable building LE4. Environmental conditioning, energy efficiency and ICT in building

Team 3

Team 4

Architectural Rendering / Engineering Drawing

Cross-disciplinary research area (LT1, LT2, LT3, LT4, LT5)

Architectural Composition

Cross-disciplinary research area (LT1, LT2, LT3, LT4, LT5)

LE5. Analysis and communication of Architecture LE6. History of architecture and architectural theory: cultural studies, social management and creative city LE6. History of architecture and architectural theory: cultural studies, social management and creative city LE7. Tourism and sustainability: architecture and infrastructures

Team 5

Architectural Design / Urban Planning

Cross-disciplinary research area (LT1, LT2, LT3, LT4, LT5) LE7. Tourism and sustainability: architecture and infrastructures LE8. Architecture in the contemporary reality

Team 6

Applied Physics / Applied Mathematics

Cross-disciplinary research area (LT1, LT2, LT3, LT4, LT5) LE2. Structures in building and civil engineering LE4. Environmental conditioning, energy efficiency and ICT in building

11

PhD Programme in Architecture The Academic Committee is responsible for the design and monitoring of the PhD programme. Its composition is as follows: 1. Juan José Sendra Salas.

Director of the Institute of Architecture and Building Science, President.

2. Narciso Jesús Vázquez Carretero.

Director of the School of Architecture, Member.

3. Paloma Pineda Palomo.

Deputy Director of Research at the School of Architecture, Registrar.

4. María Dolores Robador González.

Secretary at Institute of Architecture and Building Science, Member.

5. Antonio Tejedor Cabrera.

Director of the International Curriculum of Architecture, Member.

6. José Morales Sánchez, Member.

7. Antonio Ampliato Briones, Member.

8. Carlos García Vázquez, Member.

9. Antonio Jaramillo Morilla, Member.

10. Teófilo Zamarreño García, Member.

11. Ana Rosa Diánez Martínez, Member.

12. Victoriano Sáinz Gutiérrez, Member.

The offer of places in the 2013-14 and 2014-15 courses stood at 36 and 48, respectively.

The course is given in Spanish and English.

Team 1. Structures in building and civil engineering De Justo Moscardó, Enrique Delgado Trujillo, Antonio Duran Neyra, Percy Gil Martí, Miguel Ángel Jaramillo Morilla, Antonio Pineda Palomo, Paloma Sánchez Sánchez, José Vázquez Carretero, Narciso-J

12

General presentation Team 2. Architectural Constructions Acosta García, Ignacio Alejandre Sánchez, Javier Blasco López, Javier Barrios Padura, Ángela Fernández Naranjo, Juan Ant. Galán Marín, Carmen Gómez De Cozar, Juan Carlos Gómez De Terreros, Mª Gracia Graciani García, Amparo León Rodríguez, Ángel Luís Llatas Oliver, Carmen Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn Martín Del Río, Juan Jesús Mercader Moyano, Pilar Navarro Casas, Jaime Olivares Santiago, Manuel Rivera Gómez, Carlos Alberto Robador González, M. Dolores Rodríguez Liñán, Carmen Rubio De Hita, Paloma Sendra Salas, Juan José Suárez Medina, Rafael Tabales Rodríguez, M. Ángel Team 3. Architectural Rendering / Engineering Drawing Ampliato Briones, Antonio Arévalo Rodríguez, Federico De Manuel Jerez, Esteban Gámiz Gordo, Antonio Gentil Baldrich, José María Parra Bañón, José Joaquín Pinto Puerto, Francisco Team 4. Architectural Composition Aladro Prieto, José Manuel Almodovar Melendo, J. Manuel

13

PhD Programme in Architecture Cabeza Lainez, José María García Vázquez, Carlos Gabriel González De Canales Ruiz, F. José González Martínez, Placido Guerra De Hoyos, Carmen Loren Méndez, María Del Mar Marín Fidalgo, Ana Perez De Lama, José Pérez Escolano, Víctor Pérez Humanes, Mariano Pico Valimaña, Ramón Sánchez-Montañés, Benito Sobrino Simal, Vicente Julián Tapia Martín, Carlos Team 5. Architectural Design / Urban Planning Añón Abajas, Rosa Barrionuevo Ferrer, Antonio Diañez Rubio, Pablo Fernández Valderrama, Luz Gómez Díaz, Francisco Montero Fernández, Curro Morales Sánchez, José Sáinz Gutiérrez, Victoriano Sánchez Fuentes, Domingo Tejedor Cabrera, Antonio Terrados Cepeda F. Javier Vigil Escalera, Manuel Team 6. Applied Physics / Applied Mathematics Bellver Cebreros, Consuelo Delgado Sánchez, Juan Manuel Dianez Martínez, Ana Rosa Fernández Nieto, Enrique Galindo Del Pozo, Miguel Girón Borrero, Sara Nieves Pavón, Francisco J Zamarreño García, Teófilo

14

General presentation

Objectives & competencies The objectives of this Program are based on the three generic and fundamental notions that define its conceptual stance with regard to Architecture as a social activity: 1. Integration, a fundamental principle of architectural thought and a necessary source of perspective in any specialized research. It will be incorporated into the spectrum of the Program’s compulsory educational activities.

2. Interdisciplinarity, or the permeability of the disciplinary limits of Architecture, allowing for the incorporation and integration of a wide range of knowledge and experiences.

3. An ethical stance on the natural and social environment, on which the architect acts as an agent of transformation; as such, this Program adopts the general principles of sustainability, equality, and justice.

The Programme’s objectives are: OB-01 – To educate new Doctors in Architecture who are highly qualified in any one of this discipline’s facets, and who will enrich and advance architectural knowledge.

OB-02 – To encourage new Doctors to adopt a comprehensive and integrationist perspective on architectural research, and take advantage of the opportunity to pursue interdisciplinary projects and experiences whenever possible.

OB-03 – To encourage new Doctors to take an ethical stance on the natural and social environment, guided by the general principles of sustainability, equality, and justice.

OB-04 – To contribute to the qualitative improvement and optimization of all social activity related to Architecture: teaching, research, production, and management.

OB-05 – To foster innovation and experimentation that responds to the architectural problems which are at the core of contemporary society.

OB-06 – To produce Doctoral Theses of the highest quality, developed through a serious and rigorous approach that will be key in making the Program an international reference in the field of architectural research.

0B-07 - To provide PhD students with the methodological tools and cross-disciplinary, specific education that they will need in order to perform their research.

15

PhD Programme in Architecture OB-08 - To provide PhD students with the most complete and up-to-date information on the international panorama of architectural research.

OB-09 – To achieve a high level, as well as internationalisation, by encouraging PhD students to spend time at foreign research centres, by collaborating with other international institutions and projects, by extending invitations to visiting professors, and by seeking the enrolment of international students.

OB-10 – To foster the relationships and professional interaction among PhD students and the principle social, economic, and cultural agents of architectural creation.

OB-11 – To provide Program participants with access to the most suitable sources of funding, as well as, to the extent possible, access to the infrastructures required to perform research and complete their Doctoral Theses.

OB-12 – To contribute to the total or partial dissemination of the research performed while in the Program by participating in conferences and publishing in specialist journals and magazines.

From these objectives, the following competencies are established, which must be acquired by all students of the programme: CORE COMPENTENCIES CC11 – A systematic understanding of a field of study, as well as the mastery of the research skills and methods pertaining to that field.

CC12 – The ability to devise, design or produce, implement, and adopt a substantive undertaking in research or via a creative process.

CC13 – The ability to use original research to help expand the horizons of our knowledge.

CC14 – The ability to perform critical analyses that evaluate and synthesise complex new ideas.

CC15 – The capacity to communicate with the academic and scientific communities, as well as with society in general, about the student concerned’s area of study, as the case may be, using the conventional languages and methods of the international scientific community.

16

General presentation CC16 – The ability to foster scientific, technological, social, artistic, and cultural progress within the academic and professional framework of a knowledge-based society.

PERSONAL SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES CA01 - The ability to deal with situations in which little specific information is provided.

CA02 - The ability to identify the key issues that must be addressed in order to solve a complex problem.

CA03 - The ability to design, create, develop, and carry out innovative and original projects in the student concerned-’s area of research, as the case may be.

CA04 - The ability to work, both individually and in a team, in an international and cross-disciplinary setting.

CA05 – The ability to assimilate knowledge, tackle complex subjects, and make judgments based on limited information.

CA06 – The ability to critique and defend academic work.

FURTHER COMPETENCIES CE01 – To foster innovation in the field of Architecture within the broader context of contemporary culture and global social and economic trends.

CE02 – To use internationally recognised architectural research, with a specific focus on each student’s selected area of study, to identify and assess the boundaries of architectural knowledge.

CE03 – To develop and use advanced research methods and techniques in the field of Architecture, while demonstrating proper procedural understanding and efficient planning for timing and execution.

CE04 – To seek out pertinent texts and research from around the world in order to establish a comprehensive outlook on Architecture that is firmly grounded in academic study.

CE05 – To outline and develop research projects using a cross-curricular perspective with regard to integration in Architecture.

17

PhD Programme in Architecture

Applicant Profiles The recommended profiles for entry are: • • • • • • • • • •

Architecture Engineering Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Ecology, Environmental Sciences Art History, Archaeology Fine Arts Geography Philosophy Social Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology Audiovisual Communication Law and Economics

The access requirements are: 1. Hold a University Degree from either Spain or from another European Higher Education Area member country that was obtained under prior University regulations, and which grants access to Postgraduate Studies in accordance with article 16 of Royal Decree 1393/2007 of 29 October; and have earned a minimum of 300 ECTScredits – at least 60 of which at Master’s Degree level – during the span of their Undergraduate and Postgraduate Studies.

2. Hold a Spanish Graduate Degree (Graduado or Graduada in Spanish) consisting of at least 300 ECTS-credits, in accordance with European Union law. Such students will be required to take additional Courses unless, in the process of earning their Degree, they received credits for research that are academically equivalent to Master’s Degree research credits.

3. Hold a Degree from an institution abroad, which does not need to be officially homologated in Spain, subject to verification by the University of Seville that the Degree concerned is academically equivalent to an official Spanish Master’s Degree and grants access to Doctorate Studies in the country of issue. The verification process is in no way to be considered an official recognition of a Degree, nor does it serve any purpose other than that of admission into the University of Seville PhD Program.

4. Hold a PhD that was issued under previous Spanish university regulations.

18

General presentation Regarding the first requirement, the Decision of the Vice-Chancellorship of the University of Seville must be taken into account, which establishes equivalents for credits and valuation of Master level for the official Spanish university degrees obtained, in accordance with university acts prior to those regulated by Royal Decree 1393/2007, of 29 October, for the purposes of to PhD programmes regulated by Royal Decree 99/2011, or decisions from vice-chancellorships of other similar universities.

Admissions Criteria in Cases in which Applicants Outnumber Available Spots: • Academic Record multiplied by the Degree Suitability Coefficient: 35%: (Undergraduate Degree or equivalent, weighted as a function of the Degree’s assigned percentage value: 25%; Master’s Degree or equivalent: 10%).

• At least three months of Master’s Studies completed abroad, as well as language skills (preferably English): 15% • CV: 25% • Cover letter and interview with the Admissions Committee: 25% Degree Suitability Coefficient: If the student holds a Graduate and/or Master’s Degree in Architecture, or ,alternatively, if the student holds one of the other Degrees listed in the recommended Applicant Profile, as long as he or she additionally holds one of the five Master’s Degrees currently offered by the University of Seville School of Architecture (together with Degrees still to be confirmed), or one of the two Degrees offered by the former School of Technical Architecture (together with Degrees still to be confirmed): 1.00 Other Degrees listed in the recommended Applicant Profile: 0.80 These Degree Suitability Coefficients (1.00 and 0.80) are applied to the academic score which appears on the student’s transcript, as specified in the Admissions Requirements.

The University of Seville’s Regulations on Commitment and Continuance: The University of Seville’s regulations on commitment and continuance offer students the possibility to change their time-based commitment (full-time or part-time), while also recognizing a student’s right to sick leave and temporary withdrawal.

19

PhD Programme in Architecture

Courses and educational activities AF1 – PERSPECTIVES ON INTEGRATION IN ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL KNOWLEDGE (Compulsory: 24 hours of classroom instruction + 48 hours of individual study)

This Course is requirement for all PhD in Architecture students, regardless of their area of research. It teaches the methods that will be necessary for successfully completing the Program’s general and cross-curricular objectives, especially OB01, OB02, OB04, and OB05. This Course in particular will be necessary for achieving competency CE05: the acquisition of a cross-curricular perspective on architectural integration.

AF2 – GENERAL METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH (I) (Compulsory: 12 hours of classroom instruction + 24 hours of individual study).

Methodology Course; requirement for all PhD in Architecture students, regardless of their area of research. It is designed to teach fundamental research methods and skills, and is especially focused on achieving objectives OB07, OB11, and OB12.

AF3 – GENERAL METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH (II) (Elective: 12 hours of classroom instruction + 24 hours of individual study).

Methodology Course; open to all PhD in Architecture students regardless of their area of research. It is designed to teach fundamental research methods and skills, and is especially focused on achieving objectives OB07, OB11, and OB12.

AF4 – CONCEPTS AND METHODS FOR SPECIALIZED ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH (Elective: 24 hours of classroom instruction + 48 hours of individual study).

Specialised Course; open to all PhD in Architecture students with a specific area of research. The Course focuses on this research area’s specific requirements and objectives, and is designed for the achievement of Program objectives OB01, OB05, and OB08.

AF5 – ACADEMIC MOBILITY (Elective) This includes all the Program’s planned academic mobility activities that relate to AF2, AF3, AF4, and the Internationalisation Plan. It is designed not only to help achieve the same Program objectives as AF3 and AF4, but also to meet objectives OB06 and OB09.

20

General presentation

Doctoral Activities Document (DAD) The Doctoral Activities Document (which will henceforth be referred to as DAD) is a personalised record of the PhD student’s academic activities (educational, specific, mobility, etc.) which is regularly revised by the Advisor and Thesis Director, and is evaluated by the PhD Program’s Academic Committee.

Once the DAD is approved by the Thesis Director and Academic Committee, it is the PhD Committee that must ultimately issue a report on whether the student may or may not register for the following Academic Year, and will thereupon enable registration for students with an approved DAD. A favourable ruling is a requirement to continue studying within the PhD Program.

Research plan (PI) Before the end of the first year, PhD students will be expected to develop a Research Plan that sets down the Thesis’s methodology, objectives, required resources, and timeframe. The Research Plan may be improved and further specified over the course of the Doctoral Studies, and it must be approved by the student’s Advisor and Thesis Director.

Contents of the Research Plan, as approved by the PhD in Architecture Academic Committee 1. Title 2. Abstract (maximum of 300 words) 3. Definition of the scope and objectives 4. State of the art, including the names of leading domestic and international research groups 5. Methodology 6. Proposed research stages and task scheduling 7. Plan for disseminating the results of the Doctoral research, including a list of the principle publications and conferences that habitually disseminate findings from the PhD student’s particular area of research.

The first four points correspond to Phase 1 of the first-year educational activities, and the final three correspond to Phase 2.

Document Length: The contents of Phase 1 may be no longer than 5,000 words.

The contents of Phase 2 may be no longer than 5,000 words.

21

PhD Programme in Architecture

Internationalisation Plan The four primary objectives involved are: 1. To facilitate academic mobility for students (by defining the activities, selection criteria, and procedural organisation).

2. To ensure the participation of international experts (through Thesis co-direction, report drafting, participation in monitoring committees and Doctoral examination boards, etc.).

3. To recruit students from abroad to enrol in the PhD Program or to participate as visiting students.

4. The co-supervision and co-direction of Doctoral Theses.

The Internationalisation Plan has proposed a series of measures, strategies, and expectations that will serve to accomplish these goals. These measures include signing Doctoral Studies Agreements with universities in other countries, establishing English Language Proficiency requirements for students, organising seminars on internationalisation, appointing an Advisory Committee of International Experts, and launching a marketing campaign (both on-line and off-line). The strategies include identifying geographic areas and universities which are strategically valuable to the Program, as well as identifying their principal areas of research. Lastly, the Plan provides both a monitoring system which establishes a time-frame for achieving objectives and a quality assurance system which gauges and ensures the evolution of the Plan.

International advisory committee LT1: Design, Construction, Facility Planning, and Maintenance Ioanni Delsante - UniversitĂ Degli Studi Di Pavia (Italia) LT2: Heritage, Restoration, and Obsolescence in Architecture and Urban Planning Alberto Ferlenga - Istituto Universitario Di Architettura Di Venezia (Italia) LT3: City, Territory, and Landscape Isabel Arteaga - Universidad De Los Andes (Colombia) LT4: Contemporary Housing and Habitat Roberto Bottazzi - Royal College Of Art (Reino Unido) LT5: Advanced Architecture Guya Bertelli - Politecnico Di Milano (Italia) LE1: Geotechnics and Earthquake Engineering Paulo Sousa Cruz - Universidade Do Minho (Portugal)

22

General presentation LE2: Structures in Building and Civil Engineering Paulo Sousa Cruz - Universidade Do Minho (Portugal) LE3: Building Materials and Technology. Sustainable Building Mariana Correia - Escola Superior Gallaecia (Portugal) LE4: Enviromental Conditioning, Energy Efficiency, and ICT in Building Francesco Martellotta - Politecnico Di Bari (Italia) LE5: Architectural Analysis and Communication Luca Basso Peressut - Politecnico Di Milano (Italia) LE6: History of Architecture and Architectural Theory: Cultural Studies, Social Management, and Creative City Ana Tostoes - Instituto Superior Técnico De Lisboa (Portugal) LE7: Tourism and Sustainability: Architecture and Infrastructures Daniel González Moreno - Universidad De Guadalajara (México) LE8: Architecture in the Contemporary Reality Luca Molinari - Seconda Università Degli Studi Di Napoli (Italia)

System for Monitoring PhD students The Academic Committee will use the following system for evaluating a PhD student’s Doctoral Thesis progress: • An annual progress report issued by the student. Students must submit an academic report describing and evaluating the progress of the research project, and must likewise submit their Doctoral Activities Document. Both documents must have the approval of the advisor and director(s) before they are submitted.

• An annual progress report on the PhD student’s academic performance and research development, issued by the thesis director(s).

• An annual report on the PhD student’s educational activities, issued by the advisor and based on the annual report produced by the professors in charge of the said activities.

As far as the First-Year Evaluation is concerned, the Research Plan must be submitted for approval.

Beginning with the Second-Year Evaluation, the student must submit an updated and, if necessary, revised Research Plan. The student must also show the progress achieved towards completing the Plan from the beginning of the Program until the moment of evaluation.

23

PhD Programme in Architecture For the Final-Year Evaluation, the student is required to submit all the reports stipulated in the document concerned, prior to defending the Doctoral Thesis.

If deemed appropriate, the Academic Committee may summon the Advisor and the Thesis Director and/or PhD student before the Report is issued in order to clarify the aspects to be evaluated.

Evaluation Report The Academic Committee will issue an Annual Doctoral Evaluation Report (IEAD in its Spanish acronym), which assesses the following points: • Completion of educational activities, and, in particular, the acquiring of the corresponding competencies.

• Preparation, development, and modification (if necessary) of the PhD student’s Research Plan.

• Development of the aforementioned competencies, with possible grades of “low,” “medium,” or “high.”

• When applicable, the adequate fulfilment of the established process for Doctoral Thesis submission, and the consequent authorisation of the Thesis Defence.

The conclusion of the Report will indicate whether the evaluation is favourable, favourable with comments, or unfavourable. If the Academic Committee considers it appropriate, the Report may also contain comments on the development and improvement of the Research Plan, or, if applicable, the final composition of the Doctoral Thesis, or activities for the following academic year.

Doctoral Thesis The regulations governing the PhD thesis at the University of Seville can be consulted via the following link: http://www.doctorado.us.es/normativa/normativa-propia/nueva-normativa-reguladora-delregimen-de-tesis-doctoral

24

General presentation

Code of Good Practice The Code of Good Practice for directing a Doctoral Thesis consists of a series of recommendations on directing and supervising a Thesis as such, while it also highlights the commitments on scientific and technical practice that the Thesis Director(s), the Advisor, and the Student must agree upon. It is a collective self-regulation mechanism that aims to ensure fluidity, quality, transparency, and ethical behaviour during the Thesis process, as well as preventing potential disagreements among the Director(s), the Advisor, and the Student. http://www.doctorado.us.es/impresos/verificacion/CĂ“DIGO_BUENAS_PRACTICAS_web.pdf

25

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AREA

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AREA 1 (LT1) Design, Construction, Building Commissioning and Maintenance [Coordinator: Javier Terrados]

Contents and Methodology A.1. Overview of the Research Area.

If we were to take it at face value, the title “Design, Construction, Building Commissioning and Maintenance” may appear to be overly general, while interpreting the name as a mere summary of the stages of the architectural process would lead to excessive ambiguity. It would be more appropriate, then, to consider the contents of this area of research to be, above all, focused on the relationships between the different phases of the process. The subject of our studies would therefore be how each task along the architectural creation process connects to the others to form an integral system.

It is not easy to do this in an academic environment because it is practically impossible to replicate the complete architectural process, from the first sketch up to the postconstruction maintenance, in “laboratory conditions”. Perhaps the most feasible way to do this without physically recreating the architectural process would be through selected case studies from which to gather information on every one of the process’s facets and stages, in order to arrive at a conclusion.

There is, however, an intermediate approach to researching the material stages of the process and how they relate to one another that does not necessitate “a real client and a real place,”nor is, at the other end of the spectrum, mere theoretical speculation. We are referring to the use of prototypes, an option which would allow for the building of real works of architecture while staying within the means of the potential funding that a university research project like this one might receive.

This is precisely what we have been doing at the University of Seville School of Architecture over the past ten years. Models named “Arkit”, “Solarkit”, and “Patio 2.12” were designed and built to explore and analyse the complete process of creating a piece of architecture. In these cases, the main subjects being researched were sustainable living, prefabrication, and energy efficiency. A prototype of a single-family home was probably the only one which could be built as an academic model, though a considerable amount of funding was indeed required.

29

PhD Programme in Architecture The “Arkit” prototype was made thanks to a grant from the Junta de Andalucía’s Ministry of Public Works, while the other School of Architecture research projects came to fruition after being funded and selected to participate in the 2010 and 2012 Solar Decathlon international competitions, for which 20 university teams from around the world were invited to build experimental houses to be judged by an international jury.

The School of Architecture has yielded other research projects in which the creation and analysis of prototypes are essential. Such is the case of the work of the research group “OUT-Arquías” on the “design of models with biosynthetic materials used as building materials”, as well as various projects on producing “Biosynthetic Architecture”.

In these instances, the research takes is of a markedly cross-disciplinary nature, as it covers the different stages of the creation process of a work of architecture, from its gestation to the verification of materials.

Another of the School of Architecture´s research groups, “Tecnología Arquitectónica”, works on cross-disciplinary design and prototyping projects that focus on the construction and verification of folding rebar mesh structures for quick-assembly mobile architecture. Light and collapsible structural systems have also been created, and were prototyped and verified in buildings made by the research group “Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía”.

These are all special circumstances in which the complete process, from the sketchbook to the maintenance stage, can be perfectly monitored and analysed.

Whether the approach is theoretical or with the use of prototypes, we must raise the question as to what findings a thorough analysis of the entire process would be likely to produce. There are at least three possibilities which stand out as relevant within our current cultural context: first, there is the prospect of reconsidering, redefining, and reshuffling the relationships between the distinct agents involved in the creation of a work of architecture; second, we may achieve the development of traceability methods that can be used to find the keys to improving the architectural product; and third, we find concepts linked to the ecological footprint of the process, its embodied energy, and its lifecycle.

The School of Architecture’s research group “Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acustica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía” has significant experience in the analysis of embodied energy and life cycles, which are very closely tied into the possibility of recreating the complete architectural process within an academic environment.

30

LT1: Design, construction, building commissioning, and maintenance To sum up, research activity whose goal is to achieve the complete process of “producing architecture” from the sketchbook to the operational phase, while analysing the relationships between the techniques and agents involved, can offer us tools to redefine the role of architecture in the future.

A.2. Conceptual Justification.

A cross-disciplinary research is such as this one requires a coherent definition and foundation that justify its viability and relevance in the years to come. It should also include research areas and methods that are not present in other disciplines.

This is first and foremost a area of research that has arisen from academic work founded on the creation process of “architectural objects”, from the drawings all the way to the maintenance stage, within the framework what is feasible at the University of Seville.

First Premise: - To recuperate an old aspiration in the field of architecture: that the process of planning and executing a work of architecture, in some circumstances, is itself an act of research.

- To update Donald A. Schon’s ideas on the concepts of the “reflective practitioner” and “thinking in action.”

- To defend the specificity of “professional” knowledge, in contrast to the currently predominant “scientific” model.

Second Premise: - To make the most of The University of Seville School of Architecture’s unique “Arkit”, “Solarkit”, and “Patio 2.12” projects.

“The most intrinsic characteristic of artistic research is based on the continuous transgression of boundaries in order to generate novel, reflexive zones” Henk Slager en “Art and Method” “A key theme in the development of doctoral programs in art practice is that of critical reflection – the enigmatic figure of the reflexive practitioner may be said to stalk the doctoral art studio in search of the equally enigmatic trophy of methodological rigor.”

“Not: ‘How can we grade this?’ but ‘Wow, what the hell is this thing happening here, now?’ and finally ‘How can we change to meet this’” Mick Wilson en “Four Theses Attempting to Revise the Terms of a Debate”

31

PhD Programme in Architecture Third Premise: Models – of mainly Anglo-Saxon origin – that have been frequently used in the fields of art and design may be applied to architecture.

In his essay “The Three Configurations of Studio-Art PhDs”, Professor James Elkins establishes three models that set apart the research carried out at schools of art from the predominant scientific model used for doctoral research. These three models are transcribed and listed below, with references to “art” substituted by the word “architecture”, so as to illustrate a potential paradigm shift in the preferred model for producing doctoral thesesat our university.

Model 1: The doctoral thesis is research which informs the field of architecture -

Thesis Thesis Thesis Thesis Thesis

on on on on on

the history of architecture the theory or philosophy of architecture architectural criticism the economic or legal aspects of architecture the technological aspects of architecture

Model 2: The doctoral thesis is equivalent to a work of architecture - Architectural research and architectural production are combined to form a new field of study.

- Research and production are presented as independent fields.

Model 3: The doctoral thesis is itself a work of architecture, and vice versa.

- The thesis itself is to be understood as architecture, and so too architectural practices as theses.

- There is no research component. A work of architecture, together with its exhibition and supporting material, is the doctoral thesis.

The working hypothesis for the formulation of Cross-disciplinary Area 1 would be to consider it as specifically pertaining to Model 2, which states that a combination of architectural research and architectural production compose a new field of study.

A.3. Formulation of the area of research

32

LT1: Design, construction, building commissioning, and maintenance The area or research would be organized around projects that analyse most, if not all the stages of the process of creating a work of architecture.

The possible outcomes would be: - Finished models.

- Patented systems.

- Advances in research on architectural production processes and the changes they’ve undergone, including traceability tools, lifecycles, etc.

- Research on the agents involved in architectural production, as well as their new roles and contexts.

The 2020 Horizon research strategy establishes as its first course of action to “reduce energy consumption and the carbon footprint through intelligent and sustainable practices”. Analysing the embodied energy and carbon footprint of building a work of architecture is essential for achieving this goal. This analysis – which is necessary for taking on the challenge of minimizing energy use in the future and can be applied to the processes of prototyping and reproducing a full piece or architecture, from the initial designing phases up to its use, in “academic” conditions – may be one of the most genuine outcomes of the projects done in this research area.

How this research area fits into the PhD Program A Cross-disciplinary research area such as this one seeks to take an academic look at the inner workings of the process of creating a real piece of architecture, while focusing primarily on building prototypes and effectively incorporating elements from outside the university environment into the research work. Therefore, it must necessarily establish relationships with the PhD Program’s other research areas, each of which analyses a unique aspect of architecture.

Some of the PhD Program’s research areas, though, would be especially suited to Cross-disciplinary Research Area 1, “Design, Construction, Building Commissioning and Maintenance”, the most notable of which are: Cross-disciplinary Research Area LT4: “Contemporary Housing and Habitats”. The simulation of the complete architectural process frequently uses the scale and program of uses of the single-family home. As such, the consideration of the state of contemporary housing would be incorporated into the conceptual framework of Cross-disciplinary Research Area 1.

33

PhD Programme in Architecture - Cross-disciplinary Research Area LT5: “Advanced Architecture”. Constructions made in research processes similar to the one we propose have, through prototyping and participating in cutting-edge international architecture competitions, produced findings that aspire to establish themselves on the forefront of architectural experimentation – not only in terms of technology, but also in terms of typological, spatial, and material innovation.

- Specific Research Area LE5: “Building Materials and Tecnologies. Sustainable Building”.

The proposed analysis of the complete process of architectural creation by means of academic simulation must take into account both the need to incorporate the appropriate technology and materials at every stage, as well as the optimization of the parameters of sustainable building.

- Specific Research Area LE4: “Environmental Conditioning, Energy Efficiency and ICT in Building”. Energy efficiency has become a criterion that must be included in the evaluation of all stages of the process. To a lesser degree, we can single out the following research areas in the PhD Program which are more indirectly related, though still relevant: - Specific Research Area LE2: “Structures in Building and Civil Engineering”. Research on structural efficiency always goes hand in hand with the economic viability and sustainability of the proposed prototypes.

-Specific Research Area LE5: “Analysis and Communication of Architecture”. When research findings have the visibility of a working prototype, their analysis and public evaluation are particularly pertinent.

- Specific Research Area LE7: “Tourism and Sustainability: Architecture and Infrastructures. ”Our experience indicates that the findings of research carried out on light, prefabricated habitable prototypes, designed using the criteria of energy efficiency and sustainability, have awoken considerable interest in the tourism industry.

- Specific Research Area LE8: “Architecture in the Contemporary Reality.” An architectural production process whose traceability capability, energy efficiency, and sustainability can be analysed is one of the most important concerns of the modern era.

34

LT1: Design, construction, building commissioning, and maintenance

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LT1 C.1. Research projects on which we participate 1. Experimental actions of efficient construction systems in the Mediterranean residential sphere.

Main Researcher: F. Javier Terrados Cepeda.

Participating Universities: Universidad de Sevilla (Coordinating Investigator: F. Javier Terrados Cepeda), Universidad de Málaga (Coord: Alberto García Marín), Universidad de Jaén (Coord: Jorge Aguilera Tejero) y Universidad de Granada (Coord: Elisa Valero Ramos).

Project awarded in a competitive bid (Solar Decathlon Europe 2012). As a result of the project, we have the prototype “Patio 2.12” which won nine partial awards at the International Competition “Solar Decathlon Europe 2012”, including the Second Prize in the overall rating.

2. Construction systems for Low-Cost Efficient Housing with Renewable Energy (SIVER) Main Researcher: Jorge Aguilera Tejero (Universidad de Jaén) Participating Universities: Universidad de Sevilla (Coord: F. Javier Terrados Cepeda), Universidad de Málaga (Coord: Alberto García Marín) and Universidad de Jaén (Coord: Jorge Aguilera Tejero).

Project awarded in a competitive bid (Proyectos I+D 2011-2013 de la Agencia de Obra Pública de la Junta de Andalucía). On the basis of the results of the previous project, the aim of this project is to assess the different types of construction solutions for low cost housing, subsidised housing and sustainable tourist accommodation, which incorporate renewable energy and are executed using industrialised systems.

3. Design and development of active, sustainable and industrialisable enclosures.

Restoration and new construction (OPTIMAL ENCLOSURE) Participating Universities: Universidad de Sevilla (Main Researcher: F. Javier Terrados Cepeda), Universidad de Málaga (Main Researcher: Alberto García Marín) and Universidad de Jaén (Main Researcher: Jorge Aguilera Tejero). Participating companies: Ferrovial, Sierragres, Torinco, Solar Jiennense, Inerco Acústica e Yflow.

Project awarded in a competitive bid (Convocatoria 2013 del Programa Feder Interconecta Andalucía). Based on the results of the “Patio 2.12” project, the aim of this project is to develop new enclosure systems that are efficient, sustainable and suitable for light prefabrication and may contribute to the activation of the building market.

35

PhD Programme in Architecture 4. Design of prototypes of biosynthetic materials for use as building materials.

Main Researcher: Isabel González Díez. Universidad de Sevilla.

Project funded by the Fundación MAPFRE en el programa “Ayudas a la Investigación 2011”. Researchers: Carlos Tapia Martín, Emilio Galán Huertos y María Auxiliadora Vázquez González.

C.2. PhD theses.

1. Experimental forays into prefabricated housing. Furniture Kits. Author: F. Javier Terrados Cepeda. Universidad de Sevilla. Octubre 2011.

Directors: Pérez Arroyo, Salvador / Valero Ramos, Elisa.

This doctoral thesis embodies a theoretical-practice investigation carried out by the author that has made possible the construction of two prefabricated housing prototypes based on the system known as “Furniture Kit”, patented by the author.

Accordingly, this research has addressed an academic objective of which there are few precedents: the definition, construction and analysis of a type of light pre-fabricated dwelling specially designed for the geographical and cultural context of southern Spain, taking into account the fact that the housing market has so far not developed this technology in Spain. In order to flesh out a specific type of dwelling, the thesis has followed a path of analysis of the precedents of this type of housing in the scope of modern architecture. The genesis of the prefabrication system by “Furniture Kit” arises from this theoretical basis and has resulted in two prototypes: - The Arkit prototype, built in Cartaya (Huelva).

- The Solarkit prototype, built in Madrid, at the International Competition Solar Decathlon 2010.

2. Biosynthetic Architectures. The living, the non-living, and their hybridisation as a strategy for architectural action in the new century. Author: Eduardo Mayoral González. Mayo, 2012. Director: Carlos Tapia Martín.

This research explores the possibilities of redefining the existing design and production mechanisms based on the use of natural capital to increase manufactured capital. The alternative proposal involves the manipulation of living and non-living systems to redefine the relationship between humans and nonhumans in a new re-production environment where the evolution and generation of added value takes place through the crossing of different types of capital. This includes factors ranging from genetics, regenerative medicine, bio-art... and inserts them into the field of (architectural) design to explore these new ways of designing

36

LT1: Design, construction, building commissioning, and maintenance and producing. We experimented with two specific cases. In the first, we work with bioluminescent micro-organisms to design devices that emit light without consuming electricity, while the second used a 100% organic material that functions as a thermal insulator and has certain structural qualities.

C.3. Selection of 10 research publications.

1. Terrados, F.J. “Prefabricación ligera de viviendas. Nuevas premisas”. Secretariado de publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla, 2012. ISBN: 978-84-472-1475-4.

2. Terrados, F.J. et al. “Solar Decathlon Europe 2012. Improving Energy Efficient Buildings”, Intelligent Energy Europe Program, 2011. Chapter “Patio 2.12”, págs. 88-97.

ISBN: 978-84-695-8845-1.

3. Terrados, F.J. et al. (2012). “Solar Decathlon Europe 2010. Towards Energy Efficent Buildings”, Intelligent Energy Europe Program, 2011. Chapter “Solarkit”, pp. 168-177.

ISBN: 978-84-15302-02-5.

4. F. J. Terrados y D. Moreno (2014). “’Patio’ and ‘Botijo’: Energetic strategies’ architectural integration in ‘Patio 2.12’ prototype”, in “Energy and Buildings”, May 2014. ISSN: 0378-7788.

5. B. García-Domingo, M. Torres-Ramírez, J. de la Casa, J. Aguilera y F.J. Terrados. , “Design of the back-up system in Patio 2.12 photovoltaic installation” en “Energy and Buildings, May 2014. ISSN: 0378-7788.

6. F. J. Terrados, L. Baco Castro y D. Moreno. “Patio 2.12: Vivienda prefabricada, sostenible, autosuficiente y energéticamente eficiente. Participación en la Competición Solar Decathlon Europe 2012” in “Informes de la Construcción”, in press.

ISSN 1988-3234.

7. Terrados. F. J. “El Proyecto Arkit. La vivienda como kit de muebles”, in “Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura” 6, Sevilla 2012. ISSN 2171-6897, pp. 114-129.

8. García Martínez, Antonio; Navarro Casas, Jaime. “Life Cycle Assessments of Three Dwellings in Andalusia (Spain): the Significance of the Regional Context” in “Science future of Lithuania / Mokslas Lietuvos Ateitis. 2012. Vol. 4 (2), pp. 1-6.

37

PhD Programme in Architecture 9. González Díez, Isabel, Mayoral González, Eduardo, Vázquez González, Mª Auxiliadora, Ortiz Calderón, Pilar. “Diseño de prototipos de materiales biosintéticos para su uso como materiales de construcción” in “Seguridad y medio ambiente”. 2013. Vol. 132, pp. 1-18.

10. Mayoral González, Eduardo. “Growing Architecture Through Mycelium and Agricultural Waste” in “The International Journal of Sport and Society”. 2011. pp. 1-50.

References D1. National and international reference groups Three types of reference research groups are cited. The first are, at national level, linked to research activities based on the construction of housing prototypes.

In recent years this activity has mainly concerned the bids for the International Competition “Solar Decathlon”. The second block is formed of the groups (in Kent and Columbia) that submit research activities including the execution of prototypes of new sustainable materials for use in current architectural issues. The third block of these groups (Milano, Gothemborg and Chalmers) includes those that have become a point of reference for the researchers of the E.T.S.A. de Sevilla in the field of lifecycle analysis.

- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Grupo “Arquitectura Bioclimática en un entorno sostenible-ABIO”. Grupo “Técnicas Innovadoras y Sostenibles en la Edificación”.

- Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña. Grupo “GAT- Grupo de Arquitectura y Tecnología” “CRITT - Centro de Recerca y Transferencia de Tecnología”.

- Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera de Valencia. Grupo “TEC-ENE. Investigación y desarrollo de tecnologías en aplicaciones energéticas”.

- Instituto de Arquitectura Avanzada de Cataluña. Grupo “Casa Fab Lab”.

- Universidad del País Vasco Grupo “CAVIAR Calidad de Vida en la Arquitectura”.

- University of Kent The Centre for Architecture and Sustainable Environment.

- Columbia University Terreform ONE / Mitchell Joachim.

- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologie dell’Ambiente Costruito. BEST - Politecnico di Milano.

- Centre for Environment and Sustainability, GMV. University of Gothemborg / Chalmers.

- Division of Environmental Systems Analysis. Chalmers University of Technology.

38

LT1: Design, construction, building commissioning, and maintenance

D2. Reference journals and publications to disseminate the current research Currently, the most important reference journals for the dissemination of the research results of these bids are: “Energy and Buildings”, “Building and Environment”, “Informes de la Construcción” and “Arquitectura Viva”.

39

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AREA 2 (LT2) Heritage, Restoration, and Obsolescence in Architecture and Urban Planning [Coordinator: Antonio Tejedor]

Contents and Methodology A1. Introduction to the Research Area In order to introduce, in a concise fashion, the incredibly wide range of subjects, contributions, and research related to this area we have organized its contents into six main sections, in which we have also included information about methodology and the challenges that the Horizon 2020 European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation currently presents to the research area of Heritage, Restoration, and Obsolescence in Architecture and Urban Planning (PROAU in its Spanish acronym). We may or may not add more sections, depending on how much importance we might give to similar disciplines found in the vast field of heritage/ restoration/obsolescence. Our goal is to summarise the current state of heritage, in light of the European Union’s latest recommendations, the UNESCO World Heritage List, and the Andalusian government’s laws and regulations. Indeed, heritage has now spread into all aspects of human activity; all of man’s endeavours in nature and culture can be analysed, understood, and explained as heritage, which is to say as a part of the public sphere that humanity, a nation, a people, or any kind of community might interpret as belonging to its collective identity. The term “heritage” is in fact so all-inclusive that restoration and obsolescence are arguably contained within it – the former as a broad field of action aimed at safeguarding and preserving tangible and intangible heritage, and the latter as the different epistemic communities’ preliminary assessments and analyses of a site’s condition. Heritage is, together with sustainability, the new paradigm of advanced societies. Consequently, nature and the environment are clearly present in the latest studies on architectural and urban heritage.

41

PhD Programme in Architecture

A2. Main Contents The present challenges of this research area are represented through the following six themes, to which we have added several specific subthemes: 1. Current state and projection of historical heritage 2. The historic urban landscape 3. New heritage and social constructions 4. Cases studies: A cross-disciplinary approach 5. Material and technological development 6. The sustainable historic city and cultural tourism 1. Current state and projection of historical heritage Over the last 30 years, the boundaries of the concept of heritage have expanded in space, time, and classification. From a spatial perspective, heritage can be any place or object that represents a relevant piece of human legacy. From a temporal point of view, heritage can also encompass quite recent creations, such as 20th-century masterpieces of modernist architecture, including several buildings from the 1990s.

The classification of tangible heritage can range from a single object to a whole territory, as well as new kinds of sites like cultural landscapes, which can be manmade or natural, fossilized or living; intangible heritage includes areas such as ethnic heritage. Consequently, legislation on historic heritage undergoes revision every so often in order to incorporate new categories.

People’s perception of what heritage is has undergone significant advancement; consideration was first given to valuable objects that made up a country’s national treasure (Spain’s heritage first gained protected status under the enlightened absolutist rule of the late 18th century), and then to entire territories that served as the essential foundation for a staggering variety of man-made structures and systems. Over the last 30 years, an inclination towards a more anthropological perspective has highlighted more recent concepts such as participation, enjoyment, development, and sustainability. Cultural heritage related to sectors such as artisanal production, tourism, and mobility has become an essential economic resource for the development of social groups.

The Andalusian government updated its Historical Heritage Law in 2007, having been the first Spanish region to pass such regulations in 1991. The new law added categories such as Heritage Areas, vaguely defined as being equivalent to what in other countries are known as cultural landscapes(here geographers and environmentalists

42

LT2: Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning have appropriated the term “landscape”).According to the law, Heritage Areas (art. 26) are defined as “Territories and areas which constitute a diverse and complementary heritage site, consist of historic assets that are representative of human evolution, and whose usefulness, enjoyment, landscapes and environment make them valuable to society”.

1.a. From object to territory: Cultural landscapes.

1.b. Living heritage. An anthropological perspective: Participation and enjoyment.

2. The historic urban landscape Researchers can develop a theoretical framework for the dialogue on urban heritage, as well as put into practice new approaches and models for integrating contemporary architecture into historic cities.

2.a. Appropriation and layering of symbols. Impacts and indicators.

2.b. Contemporary architecture in the historic city: Theory and practice.

2.c. Good practice for the historic urban landscape: Architectural design and planning.

3. New heritage sites and social construction Association and innovation to promote stronger participation: community involvement for the safeguarding and development of new heritage sites.

We are putting aside other important issues related to cultural heritage such as governance and legal aspects. Neither concept falls under the specialization of architects and urban planners, though they still should be somewhat familiar.

3.a. Territorial and landscape heritage: Interregional dialogue for landscape conservation.

3.b. Rural landscapes with traditional architecture and locally-initiated conservation.

4. Case studies: A cross-disciplinary approach All kinds of specific typological studies are included: defensive architecture, sacred architecture, traditional dwellings, historic landscapes, historic gardens, historic sites, archaeological sites, monumental and archaeological ensembles, old cities, natural sites, etc.

4.1. Cultural landscapes at archaeological sites / Industrial heritage / Fortified sites / Sacred sites… Movable cultural property and museography.

43

PhD Programme in Architecture 4.2. Heritage territories and infrastructures.

4.3. Urban Heritage: Ties between Europe and Latin America.

5. Material and technological development 5.1. Sustainable restoration: Homes and neighbourhoods; gardens and public spaces.

5.2. Restoration of modern heritage: architecture, urban planning, and landscape planning in the 19th and 20th centuries (DOCOMOMO).

5.3. Effects of climate change on the physical preservation of architectural heritage.

Disaster risk reduction.

6. The sustainable historic city and cultural tourism 6.1. Energy and mobility (accessibility and fruition).

6.2. Obsolescence: economic and technological resources for the development of heritage.

6.3. Innovation and creativity: social and educational resources; sustainable cultural tourism.

The sustainability of immovable heritage necessitates at least these three areas of research, which will be carried out through programmes and seminars; the exchange of ideas and experiences between young people will be promoted in order to involve them in the conservation and preservation of heritage sites, foster intercultural learning and exchange, and develop new forms of participation.

Cultural tourism provides benefits beyond the conservation of heritage sites; it also favours sustainable development in local communities and improves visitors’ experiences.

How this research area fits into the PhD Programme Research Area LT2 may be the most cross-disciplinary of any in the PhD in Architecture Programme. Every research group at the School of Architecture and the Institute of Architecture and Building Science, without exception, includes heritage, restoration, and obsolescence among their research objectives. Likewise, all of the programme’s specific research areas take on architectural and urban heritage, restoration, and obsolescence.

44

LT2: Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LT2 C1. Research projects on which we participate 1. The Catedral de Sevilla and the Gothic. Architecture and City in the Spheres of Influence of the Catedral de Sevilla Funding Body: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Plan Nacional I+D+i (ref: HAR2012-35152) Main Researcher: Antonio Luis Ampliato Briones.

Starting date: 01/01/2013. Finishing date: 31/12/2015 2. A Digital Information Model for the Knowledge and Management of Cultural Heritage Real Estate Funding Body: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Plan Nacional I+D+i (ref: HAR2012-3457) Main Researcher: Francisco S. Pinto Puerto.

Starting date: 01/01/2013. Finishing date: 31/12/2015 3. National heritage landscapes and contemporary project: conservation, appreciation, recovery and use in the Mediterranean area Funding Body: Universidad de Sevilla. Plan Propio US (ref: PP2006-02-03) Main Researcher: Antonio Tejedor Cabrera Starting date Date: 01/01/2007. Finishing date Date: 31/12/2016 4. Architectural recovery of traditional waterproofing systems for roofs and walls with natural materials.

Funding Body: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Plan Nacional I+D+i (ref: BIA2009-12618) Main Researcher: María Dolores Robador González.

Starting date: 01/01/2010. Finishing date: 31/12/2013 5. Architectural recovery of traditional waterproofing systems for roofs and walls with natural materials.

Funding Body: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Plan Nacional I+D+i (ref: BIA2009-12618).

Main Researcher: María Dolores Robador González.

Starting date: 01/01/2010. Finishing date: 31/12/2012.

6. Updating of Old Waterproofing Materials in the Construction and Restoration of Facades of National Heritage Buildings and New Architecture.

45

PhD Programme in Architecture Funding Body: Proyecto de Excelencia. Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia (ref: TEP-6558) Main Researcher: María Dolores Robador González.

Starting date: 06/07/2011. Finishing date: 05/07/2015.

7. Art in the Real Alcazar de Sevilla: Study of the Paintings and of the Ceramics in the Patio del Yeso, Palacio Gótico, Palacio Mudéjar, Grutesco Gallery And Cenador de La Alcoba (11th – 17th Centuries).

Funding Body: European Union. CHARISMA. MOLAB. Cultural Heritage Advanced Research Infrastructures. Sinergy for a Multidisciplinary Approach to Conservation/ Restoration (ref: CHARISMA - FP7 n.228330).

Main Researcher: María Dolores Robador González.

Starting date: 21/03/2012. Finishing date: 21/03/2013.

8. The gardens of the Alcazar de Sevilla: history, architecture, culture and art from the Middle Ages to the XX century.

Main Researcher: Co-Director Ana Marín.

Duration: 2014-2015.

Research project that explores the relationship between architecture and gardens in the history of the Reales Alcázares de Sevilla; an example of great importance for Western architecture in different historical periods. The research group is formed of Spanish, Italian and American researchers of international renown.

9. Treatment and Recovery of National Heritage Buildings. Injection as a Method for the Consolidation of Masonry Structures.

Funding programme: Junta de Andalucía. Proyectos de Promoción General del Conocimiento y Proyectos Motrices e Innovación.

Main Researcher: M. Molina-Huelva.

Starting date: 30/01/2014. Finishing date: 29/01/2017.

This project aims to study a method for consolidating structures suitable for use in national heritage buildings, by injecting grout as a sustainable and economically efficient technique to recover and maintain historic national heritage buildings constructed using masonry.

10. Nazari Cities: Urban Structure, Defensive System and Water Supply.

Funding Body: Government of Spain. Plan Nacional I+D+i (ref: HAR2011-30293/ARTE).

Main Researcher: Antonio Orihuela Uzal.

Starting date: 01/01/2012. Finishing date: 31/12/2014.

46

LT2: Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning 11. The Residential Architecture of Al-Andalus: Typological Analysis, Urban and Sociological Context. Basis for National Heritage Intervention.

Funding Body: Government of Spain. Plan Nacional I+D+i (ref: HAR2011-29963/ARTE).

Main Researcher: Julio Navarro Palazón.

Starting date: 01/01/2012. Finishing date: 31/12/2014.

12. Effects induced by additives in coating mortars containing lime. Quality assessment for use in architectural national heritage and buildings. (ref: Código: MAT2012-34473).

Funding programme: Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad Main Researcher: Cultrone, Giuseppe Starting date: 01/01/2013. Finishing date: 31/12/2015.

13. Stratigraphic and Chronotype analysis of the Fortified Areas of the Alcázar de Sevilla. Procedures, Systems and Applications from the Construction Perspective.

Funding programme: Proyectos de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucía (ref: Código: P12-TEP-1843).

Main Researcher: Tabales Rodríguez, Miguel Angel Starting date: 30/01/2014. Finishing date: 29/01/2016.

14. Protected national heritage. The effectiveness of regulations and policies on cultural heritage.

Funding Body: Consejería De Economía, Innovación Y Ciencia, Junta De Andalucía.

Proyecto de Excelencia (ref: Sej-4728). Main Researcher: Luis Pérez-Prat Durban, Universidad Pablo de Olavide.

Starting date: 14/03/2011. Finishing date: 13/03/2014.

15. Restoration of monuments and developmentalism in Spain 1959 to 1975.

Funding Body: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Fondos Feder. Plan Nacional I+D+I (ref: Har2011-23918).

Main Researcher: María Del Pilar García Cuetos, Universidad de Oviedo.

Starting date: 01/01/2012. Finishing date: 31/12/2014.

16. The acoustics of the cathedrals: A scientific contribution for the recovery of cultural heritage.

Funding Body: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Plan Nacional I+D+i. (ref. BIA2010/20523) Main Researcher: Teófilo Zamarreño Starting date: 01/01/2011. Finishing date: 31/12/2013.

47

PhD Programme in Architecture The integrated management of Cultural Heritage has highlighted the need and importance of this interdisciplinary research. It is intended to characterise the acoustics of Andalusian Cathedrals (Cadiz, Cordoba, Granada, Jaen, Málaga y Sevilla) by means of the spatiotemporal distribution of energy, on the basis of the multidimensional record of responses to impulses in their interiors. The objectives were the following: implementation of a possible analytical model describing the acoustic field; producing a complete record with the major acoustic parameters of each cathedral and subspaces; conducting a historical investigation into the emergence and evolution of the architectural elements that have determined the acoustics of the space (chorus, pulpits, organs,...) and of the various events, and the ephemeral assemblies with different acoustic requirements (word, music).

Also, the creation of a computer model of each cathedral to simulate their acoustic field (auralisation).

C2. PhD theses.

1. Barrie Zafra, Teresa. Cataloguing of real estate forming part of the Spanish national heritage through its regulatory instruments. Analysis of its materialisation in the real estate catalogued as historic buildings of Córdoba.

Director: Pablo Diáñez Rubio. 05/03/2013.

2. Barros Matos, Joâo Manuel. From sea to land. First bastioned fortifications in the Portuguese expansion. Mazagán, Diu and Ceuta. Architectural study.

Director: Antonio Tejedor Cabrera. Codirector: Paulo Varela Gomes. November 2012.

3. Blasco López, Fco. Javier. Medieval Islamic plasterwork in the Real Alcázar de Sevilla: Historiographical review, methodology for characterisation, durability evaluation and preparation of an inventory.

Directors: Alejandre-Sanchez, Francisco Javier; Villegas Sánchez, Rosario. 19/12/2011.

4. Bueno López, Ana María. Sound in the religious architecture of M. Fisac following the Second Vatican Council. Proposals for acoustic restoration.

Directors: Ángel Luis León Rodríguez, Miguel Galindo del Pozo. Mars, 2014.

5. Daroca Bruño, José Luis. Mediterranean influences in the roofs of Le Corbusier.

From the Acropolis of Athens to Marseilles Unité d’Habitation.

Director: Víctor Pérez Escolano. December.2012.

48

LT2: Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning 6. Gonçalves Silva Braga, Alfredo Manuel. Constructions on raw earth in the Algarve.

Potential as an alternative and sustainable material.

Directors: María Dolores Robador González, Antonio Jaramillo Morilla. 29/05/2012.

7. Green, Patricia Elaine. Sustainable development in the conservation of the English Caribbean cultural Landscape. The Caribbean Vernacular and the Role of the Spanish Architec- tonic Heritage of the Islands of Jamaica and Trinidad.

Director: Mar Loren. October 2012.

8. Guardia-Olmedo, José Jesús. Constructive Study and Characterisation of the Materials that have made possible the architecture of the Castillo-Palacio de La Calahorra in the province of Granada (XVI century). Directors: Alejandre-Sanchez, Francisco Javier; Lamas-Fernández, Francisco Joaquín. 20/09/2013.

9. Gutiérrez Visuales, Alejo. Chuquicamata: the industrial heritage of a mining village in the Chilean desert. Director: Pablo Diáñez Rubio. 19/02/2012 UPO. 10. Linares Gómez del Pulgar, Mercedes. Balbino Marrón y Ranero, architect of the Duques de Montpensier (1848-1867). Sevilla, territory and city, architecture and landscape. Director Antonio Tejedor Cabrera, Antonio Luis Ampliato Briones. May 2014.

11. Molina Rozalem, Juan Francisco. Defensive architecture on the borders of the Reino de Sevilla during the late Middle Ages. Territorial establishment of the Moorish and Galician strips. Director: Federico Arévalo Rodríguez. April 2014.

12. Morales Conde, María Jesús. Study and Review of Non-Destructive Techniques (Thermography, Ultrasounds and Resistographs) Applied to the Inspection and Intervention of Wooden Slabs. Director: Carmen Rodríguez Liñán. 2012.

13. Muñoz Rodríguez, Rubén. The church of the Benedictine monastery of the Santísima Trinidad de Las Condes: Light as a generator of the modern liturgical space.

Director: Víctor Pérez Escolano. Mars 2014.

14. Pereda Feliz, Vladimir Enrique. Tracing new schemes: active study of the urban landscape and proposed national heritage measures for the generation of new infrastructure. Santiago de Chile. Director: Pablo Diáñez Rubio. 16/10/2012.

15. Pineda Palomo, Paloma. Nonlinear seismic characterization of ancient masonry structures. Application to the Andalusian medieval architectural heritage. Directors: Andrés Sáez Pérez, María Dolores Robador González, Miguel Ángel Gil Martí. 21/03/2012.

49

PhD Programme in Architecture 16. Plaza Morillo, Carlos. Architecture, commissioners and Spanish presence in Florencein theXVI century. CoDirectors: Ana Marín, Amedeo Beluzzi. June 2013.

17. Roda Fernandes, Samuel. Grist mill “Antonio José Gomes” first concrete building in Portugal. The revitalisation of obsolete spaces. Micro and macro difficulties of a technology. Directors: José Enrique López-Canti, Félix de la Iglesia, Carlos Tapia. 2014.

18. Rosas Bustos, Catherine. Management of traditional know-how as an active national heritage resource in the cultural and environmental functions of the territory.

Director: Pablo Diáñez Rubio. 5/03/2014.

19. Sendra Fernández, Pablo. Infrastructures for disorder: strategies for intervention in the public space in social housing neighbourhoods. The case of London.

Directors: Antonio Tejedor Cabrera, Carlos García Vázquez. Abril 2014.

C3. Selection of 10 research publications.

1. Arévalo Rodríguez, F. (2014). “Analysis of the towers built by the Council of Seville for the defense of the Moorish Band”. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica, EGA nº 24, Valencia, 2014, pp 164-175.

2. Blasco-Lopez, F.J,; Alejandre-Sanchez, F.J. (2013). The plasterwork of the Courtyard of the Sun of the Real Alcázar de Sevilla: Characterization test and chronology.

INFORMES DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN. 2013 Volumen: 65, Nº 530. pp. 175-182.

3. Blasco-Lopez, F.J; Alejandre-Sanchez, F.J. (2013). Porosity and surface hardness as indicators of the state of conservation of Mudéjar plasterwork in the Real Alcázar in Seville. Journal of Cultural heritage. 2013, Volumen: 14, Nº 2. pp. 169-173.

4. Durán, A.; Robador, M.D.; Pérez-Rodríguez, J.L.. (2012). Degradation Of Two Historical Buildings In Northern Spain By The Formation Of Oxalate And SulphateBased Compounds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE. 2012. VOLUMEN: 6. pp. 342-358. DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2010.551447. Impact: JCR [2012]: ICR 0,235. Q4 (49/56).

5. Gámiz Gordo, A. (2012). “J. F. Lewis’s original drawings of the Alhambra palaces (1832-33)”, EGA: revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica, nº 20, pp. 76-87, Valencia. 2012.

50

LT2: Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning 6. Garófano, I.; Robador, M.D.; Durán, A. (2013). Materials Characteristics of Roman and Arabic Mortars and Stuccoes from The Patio de Banderas in The Real Alcazar of Seville (Spain). ARCHAEOMETRY. 2013. DOI: 10.1111/ARCM.12041. Impact: JCR [2012]: ICR 1,287. Q3 (96/172) 7. Pérez Gálvez, F, Rubio de Hita, P, Ordoñez Martín, M, Morales Conde, MJ, Rodriguez Liñan, C. (2013). Sustainable Restoration of Traditional Building Systems in the Historical Centre of Sevilla (Spain). Energy and Buildings. 2013. Vol. 62. pp. 648-659.

8. Rodríguez Liñán, C, Morales Conde, MJ, Rubio de Hita, P, Pérez Gálvez, F. (2011).

Inspetion with non destructive techniques of a historic building: Oratorio San Felipe Neri (Cádiz). Informes de la construcción. 2011. Vol. 63. Núm. 521. pp. 13-22.

9. Suárez, R.; Alonso, A.; Sendra, J. J. (2014). Intangible cultural heritage: the sound of the Romanesque cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Journal of Cultural Heritage, pp. 1-5 (on line: 10/06/2014). DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2014.05.008). Impact: JCR [2013]: 1,111. MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY. Q3 (153/251).

10. Tejedor Cabrera, A.; Linares Gómez del Pulgar, M. (2012). “Il Centro Visitatori del Teatro Romano di Málaga. LA conformazione di un nuovo paesaggio urbano”. En LEONARDI, Mariagrazia. Il progetto della memoria. Casi e startegie di progettazione architettonica e ambientale per la valorizzazione del patrimônio storico monumentale.

Gangemi Editore. Roma 2012. pp. 164-175. ISBN. 978-88-492-2496-2.

References D1. National and international reference groups.

Currently, there are 21 research groups from the University of Seville linked to Architecture and Urban Planning, all of them presenting research interests and activities related to the issues of PROAU:

- HUMANITIES AND ARTISTIC CREATION (HUM): 11 groups - NATURAL RESOURCES, ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (RNM): 1 group - PRODUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES (TEP): 10 groups

51

PhD Programme in Architecture - HUMANITIES AND ARTISTIC CREATION (HUM) HUM411: La Casa y el Lugar. El Territorio de la Arquitectura.

Main Researcher: Antonio Barrionuevo Ferrer.

Areas of research: -Territorial and Urban Analysis; -Excavated Architectures; -The Architecture of Southern Houses; -The Architecture of the City and the Territory.

HUM632: Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura.

Main Researchr: Rosa Maria Añón Abajas.

Areas of research: -Critical Analysis of Architectural Heritage of Contemporary Interest; -Architecture and Construction. Project and Technique, from Genesis to the Realisation of the Project; -Architecture and Production. Testing for a New Urban Habitat. City, Housing, Landscape; -Architectural Design as a Tool for Integrated Knowledge of the City and the Territory.

HUM666: Ciudad, Arquitectura y Patrimonio Contemporáneos.

Main Researcher: Carlos Gabriel García Vázquez.

Areas of Research: -Coastal Development and Tourism; -Urban Obsolescence: Districs, Public Spaces and Productive Areas. Urban Change: -Latin America and East Asia; -Territorial Change: Rural Environment; -Transfers Spain-America-Africa; -National Heritage Theory and Practice: Historic Urban Landscapes; -Industrial Architecture: Inventory and Management Methods; -Contemporary Architecture; -Architecture of the Modern Age. HUM710: Cuidad, Paisaje y Territorio.

Main Research: Victoriano Sáinz.

Areas of Research: -Hispanic American urban planning; Understanding the Urban-Territorial Reality; Planning of the Urban-Territorial Reality and its Instruments; -Landscape and Environment.

52

LT2: Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning HUM711: Composite (Composición y Teoría de la Arquitectura) Main Researcher: José Enrique López-Canti Morales.

Areas of Research: -Development of a national heritage project as a Complex Theoretical Model to allow a transdisciplinary approach and coordinated intervention in the various scales of historical national heritage; -Definition and implementation of a new research framework.

HUM789: Nuevas Situaciones, Otras Arquitecturas.

Main Researcher: Pablo Diáñez Rubio.

Areas of Research: -Architecture of the Landscape; -Digital Homes and Environmental Intelligence; -Knowledge and Activation of Collective Appropriation Spaces; -Architectural Integration of Renewable Energy Sources; -Alternative Methodologies Applicable to Architectural Heritage; -New Architectural Programs in the Generic City.

HUM799: Estrategias de Conocimiento Patrimonial.

Main Researcher: Francisco Sebastián Pinto Puerto.

Aereas of Research: -Documentary and Epigraphic Analysis of Architecture; -Geometric and Graphic Analysis of Architecture; -Surveying and Analysis of Buildings; -Hermeneutics of Architectural Design; -Knowledge Strategies of National Heritage Architectures; -Infographic Models for Architectural Information Management; -Reading of the Construction Processes. Stratigraphic Analyses.

HUM810: Aula Digital de la Ciudad.

Main Researcher: Esteban de Manuel Jerez.

Areas of Research: -Research and Innovation for Teaching Architecture; -Architecture, City and Territory; -Production and Social Management of the Habitat.

HUM853: Out_arquías. Investigación en los Límites de la Arquitectura.

Main Researcher: Carlos Tapia Martín.

Areas of Research:

53

PhD Programme in Architecture -Architecture and Visual Culture. Based on the new statute and current state of Architecture, the research aims to study the new parameters of Architectural issues in today’s world: Identities, Rooms and Goods; -Dissolution: from the Subject to Architecture. Analysis of the need to conduct thorough research into certain operations of dissolution of the Subject and the Architectural Discipline. A task that is especially important at a time when the profession is rethinking its professional duties; -Symptoms of the Present and Architectural Action. If the statute of Architecture has organised the paths of modernity from a Logical-Regulatory perspective, recognising that it is past its sell-by-date entails accounting for the symptoms of our present, where it is no longer appropriate to think in terms of vectors of meaning or form, but rather in a Mingling of Interacting, Complex and Fluctuating Networks. It is necessary, therefore, to investigate the state of the present, for Architecture in particular, but mingled with Multiple Other Ways to Proceed in Cultural Matters.

HUM958: In-Gentes [Investigación en Generación de Territorios].

Main Researcher: Luz Fernández-Valderrama Aparicio.

Areas of Research: -Creativity and Research; -Architecture and Health; -Production Strategies of the Territory; -National Heritage and Sustainability Project; -New Public Spaces.

- NATURAL RESOURCES, ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (RNM) RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente.

Main Researcher: José María Cabeza Laínez.

Areas of Research: -Architectural Composition; -Architecture and Environment; -Culture and Technique in East Asia; -History of European Colonisation in Asia; -Environmental Technologies Applied to Building.

54

LT2: Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning - PRODUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES (TEP) TEP114: Tecnología Arquitectónica.

Main Researcher: José Sánchez Sánchez.

Areas of Research: -Light Structures; -Restoration and Optimal Use of National Heritage; -Computing applied to Architecture; -Structural Concrete for Singular Solutions.

TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía.

Main Researcher: Jaime Navarro Casas.

Areas of Research: -Optics; -Architectural Acoustics; -Natural Lighting in Architecture; -Architectural Restoration; -Sustainability and Energy Efficiency.

TEP141: Proyecto y Patrimonio.

Main Researcher: Francisco Javier Montero Fernández.

Areas of Research: -Cataloguing and National Heritage; -National Heritage and Production; -National Heritage and Review Concepts; -National Heritage, City and Territory; -Projects at the Intersection.

TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica.

Main Researcher: José Antonio Solis Burgos.

Areas of Research: -Security; -Coastline; -Historic Heritage; -Costs; Accessibility; -Sustainable Construction.

TEP198: Materiales y Construcción.

Main Researcher: Francisco Javier Alejandre Sanchez.

Areas of Research:

55

PhD Programme in Architecture -Study of Bituminous Materials in Construction; -Special Cements Applied in Oilfields; -Study and Characterisation of Traditional Masonry Materials; -Study and Characterisation of Cement, Lime and Gypsum Conglomerates; -Conservation of the Andalusian National Heritage; -Assessment and Possibilities for Action in Tiles; -Environmental Impact of Construction.

TEP205: Análisis y Evaluación de Sistemas Constructivos y Estructurales en la Arquitectura.

Main Researcher: Carmen Rodríguez Liñán.

Areas of Research: -Determination of resistant characteristics and deterioration status of wooden structures and masonry works using non-destructive techniques; -Constructive and Structural Analysis of Vaults and Masonry Works. Development of Space Frames of Struts for Architecture.

TEP206: Tecnología de los Materiales y Sistemas Constructivos: Caracterización, Mantenimiento, Restauración.

Main Researcher: Carmen Galán Marín.

Areas of Research: -Study and Constructive Analysis of Historic Buildings and Ancient Constructions; -Environmental and Sustainable Technologies; -New Materials and Construction Systems in Buildings.

TEP211: Construcción Patrimonial.

Main Researcher: Amparo Graciani García.

Areas of Research: -National Heritage Construction: Techniques, Elements and Systems; -Al-Andalus Construction; -Constructive Processes and Techniques in the Real Alcazar de Sevilla; -Regional Construction.

TEP241: Patrimonio Arquitectónico y Territorio: Metodologías Aplicadas a la Restauración y Rehabilitación.

Main Researcher: Francisco de Asís Granero Martín.

Areas of Research: -Historic Architectural National Heritage; -Analysis and Surveying of Urban Architecture and Spaces; -City: Urban Analysis, Regulation and Intervention Methodology;

56

LT2: Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning -Intervention Methodologies for Architectural Consolidation, Restoration and Refurbishment; -Architectural Graphic Theory and Thinking.

TEP939: Arquitectura para la Ciudad Creativa: Estructuras y Proyectos, Análisis y Registros.

Main Researcher: José Joaquín Parra Bañón.

Areas of Research: -Analysis, Documentation and Proposed Intervention in Historical National Heritage and Contemporary Architecture; -Projects, Systems and Structures for the Creative City.

TEP954: In-Fact.

Main Researcher: Marta Molina Huelva.

Areas of Research: -Sustainable Construction; -City. Urban Sustainability; -Spatial, Environmental and Functional Adaptation of Domestic and Urban Environments to Promote Active Ageing; -Resource Management in Architecture; -Restoration and Regeneration of Building and Urban Spaces; -Structural Assessment; -Restoration. Recycling of Building Materials. Management of Construction and Demolition Waste.

Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)/ Universidad de Valencia, Grupo de Investigación en Acústica Virtual UPV-UVEG (Coord. Alicia Giménez Pérez). Joint participation in a coordinated project, conference communications and writing of articles. Research stays of the UPV in US. Universidad Pública de Navarra, Acústica (Coord. Miguel Arana Burgui), participation in a coordinated project.

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Acústica Arquitectónica (Coord. César Díaz Sanchidrián), participation in scientific publications, attendance at courses.

Universidad de Sevilla TEP-130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía (coord. Jaime Navarro), group membership with many teachers from the line of research.

57

PhD Programme in Architecture Politecnico di Bari (Italia) Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ingegneria Civile e Architettura http://architettura.poliba.it/, contact with Francesco Martellottta, guest speaker from Sevilla for the ISRA 2007 international conference,participation in R&D project, stay by pre-doctoral students in its group. Joint publications.

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Architectural Acoustics, http://symphony.arch.rpi. edu/acoustics/faculty.html Ning Xiang http://symphony.arch.rpi.edu/~xiangn/. Guest speaker at ISRA 2007 conference in Sevilla. Editor of the journal JASA in the area of Architectural Acoustics.

Aachen University (Alemania) Institut für Technische Akustik (ITA) http://www. akustik.rwth-aachen.de/ Michäel Vorlander. Guest Teacher on Masters in Granada and Cadiz of Acoustic Engineering and at all the congresses of the Spanish Acoustic Association (SEA). http://www.akustik.rwth-aachen.de/ITA/Mitarbeiter/mvo Aalto University School of Science, (Finlandia). Department of Media Technology / Virtual Acoustic (Tapio Lokki). Guest Teacherat ISVA 2011 in Valencia.

Laboratorio para la investigación e intervención en el paisaje arquitectónico, patrimonial y cultural Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura. Universidad de Valladolid Coord: Darío F. Álvarez Álvarez.

Web: http://www.uva.es/labpap Areas of Research: -Research, intervention and recovery of cultural, national heritage and archaeological landscapes; -Development of a methodology for sustainable and accessible integration into architecture of the historical and contemporary cultural landscape.

Patrimonio de arte, arquitectura, ciencia, técnica, ingeniería e historia.

Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura. Universidad de Valladolid Coord: Eduardo González Fraile.

Areas of Research: -Restoration of the national heritage assets; -Specific Architectures: industrial, iron, brick, enclosures; -Non-catalogued national heritage.

Análisis e intervención en el patrimonio arquitectónico (aipa) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Escuela Superior de Arquitectura.

Main Researcher: Juan Monjo Carrió.

58

LT2: Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning Areas of Research: -Methodology of analysis and intervention in the Architectural National Heritage.

Management of scientific and technical knowledge for intervention in the Architectural National Heritage; Study of historical, cultural and functional values of National Heritage buildings or complete Knowledge of the building and its historical and constructive background, as well as data on the characteristics of its materials and construction elements or Research on non-destructive techniques for field diagnosis of building injuries; -Pathology of buildings or complete. Analysis of disease processes and diagnoses thereof or Proposals for intervention techniques necessary to ensure the durability of the building and its materials and elements or Project for the restoration and refurbishment of the building and its surroundings; -Maintenance and upkeep of buildings or Control and evaluation of conservation activities, as well as the necessary intervention for their restoration and refurbishment; -Construction history; -New materials and restoration techniques; -National Heritage Management or Proposals for functional use of the building or Studies on sustainability of National Heritage interventions.

Paisaje cultural. Intervenciones contemporáneas en la ciudad y el territorio.

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Escuela Superior de Arquitectura.

Main Researcher: Juan Miguel Hernández León.

Web: gipaisajecultural.dpa-etsam.com.

E-mail: gi.pcultural@upm.es Areas of Research: -City: Complexity, Experience and Knowledge; -Monument Theory: -PGE.Lab Landscape and Large Scale Laboratory; -Project on the landscape and national heritage of the industrial age: -Historical process of Cultural Landscapes; -Civil engineering landscape and national heritage; Vivienda social, Habitabilidad básica y patrimonio urbano.

Main Researcher: Luis Moya Gonzalez.

E-mail: gi.vs@upm.es.

Areas of Research: -Urban and territorial planning; -Project and urban design; -Legal and organisational framework;

59

PhD Programme in Architecture -Urban sociology; -National Heritage and urban landscape; -Construction ecology and economy; -Bioclimatics; -Basic Habitability.

TECHNOHERITAGE Red de Ciencia y Tecnología para la Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural. The network currently consists of sixty-six groups from different areas of activity: the Supreme Council for Scientific Research (CSIC); various Spanish universities; cultural institutions, foundations and museums and private companies.

D2. Reference journals and publications to disseminate the current research.

1. Acta Acustica United With Acustica ISSN: 1610-1928, JCR 2012 0.714. 19/31 Acoustics.

2. Applied Acoustics ISSN: 0003-682X, JCR 2012 1.097, 16/31 Acoustics.

3. Archives of Acoustics ISSN: 0137-5075, JCR 2012 0.829, 18/31 Acoustics.

4. Building Acoustics ISSN: 1351010X, SJR 2012 0.495, Q2 Acoustics and Ultrasonics.

5. Building and Environment (B&E) ISSN: 0360-1323, JCR 2012 2.430, 6/57 Construction & Building Technology.

6. Construction and Building Materials. JCR [2013]: ICR 2,293. Q1 (7/57) 7. Energies. JCR (2012): 1,844. Q2 (38/81).

8. Energy and Buildings.

9. EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica.

10. Informes de la Construcción. JCR [2013]: 0,254. Q4 (52/58).

11. International Journal Of Architectural Heritage. JCR [2012]: ICR 0,235. Q4 (49/56).

12. Journal of Archaeological Science. JCR [2011]: ICR: 1,914. Q2.

13. Journal of Building Performance Simulation. JCR [2013]: 2,043. Q1 (8/58).

60

LT2: Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning 14. Journal of Cultural Heritage ISSN: 1296-2074, JCR 2012 1.176, 131/241. Materials Science, Multidisciplinary.

15. Journal of Heritage Science. DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) y Scopus.

16. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA) ISSN: 0001-4966, JCR 2012 1.646, 9/31 Acoustics.

17. Journal of Sound and Vibration (JSV) ISSN: 0022-460X, JCR 2012 1.613, 22/125 Engineering, Mechanical.

18. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES) ISSN: 1549-4950, JCR 2012 0.831, 39/90 Engineering, Multidisciplinary.

19. Journal of Building Performance Simulation (JBPS) ISSN: 1940-1493, JCR 2012 1.524, 12/57 Construction & Building Technology.

20. PH Revista del IAPH. On-line desde 2013, PH nº84 y PH INVESTIGACIÓN. IAPH. Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía. 1993.

21. PPA Proyecto Progreso Arquitectura. Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos.

22. Reales Sitios: Revista del Patrimonio Nacional.

23. World Heritage Papers, UNESCO.

61

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AREA 3 (LT3) City, Territory and Landscape [Coordinator: Victoriano Sáinz]

Contents and methodology A1. Introduction to the Research Area Generally speaking, this research area concentrates on the subjects of city, territory, and landscape. Due to the cross-disciplinary nature of these themes, we will pay special attention to cities and territories in the context of space and time, though without ignoring or undervaluing the other aspects of this topic. It is, in the end, a question of focusing, as research will always be cantered on the field of architecture.

Ever-accelerated social and economic changes have meant that the Fordist production system of an industrial society and territory has developed into its current Postfordist, service-oriented state. Consequently, new cityscapes that defy the traditional definition of “city” have appeared. This emergence of a new kind of metropolis – one which affects territories as a whole – exposes the pressing need to rethink how the contemporary city is built, keeping in mind that it must now be considered a “city-region”.

A2. Main contents A great deal of the research being done on contemporary urban planning has focused on analysing the transformations caused by the city’s “explosion” into territory, and there are now abundant studies published on the subject. It is imperative, however, to continue to put forth new concepts that might allow us to understandthe urbanterritorial processes that are currently underway, in order to test strategies for the developmentofplans and projects that aim to substantially improve the sustainability of the world’s urban areas. As such, we believe that some similar research areas should be incorporated into this one.

63

PhD Programme in Architecture One of the most important recent changes to this field is that the territory of networks has been replaced by a networked territory, in which each node serves as a crossing point and a switching point of multiple networks. It is the core of density in a giant flowing tangle which is the only concrete reality, but which also poses us the challenge of how to represent and imagine it.

With regard to this interpretation of the current relationship between city and territory, the fact that certain activities tend to be redistributed between the countless network nodes of interregional settlements modifies the traditional idea of the city as a spatially delimitated and compact urban system, and by extension the classic calculation procedures for urban growth. More specifically, the urban multiplier formula that was used with reasonable reliability for city centres and delimited urban systems must now be applied to the totality of the network. However, this creates serious problems for drawing up boundaries, especially when considering the irregular and overlapping nature of the networks. Likewise, the growth differences amongst the nodes evade the multiplier calculation formulain that they require an assessment of local resources and “environmental” conditions: quality of life, industrial relations, cultural climate, landscape, etc.

The network spatial organization – a description of emerging trends and the aim of territorial policies in post-industrial societies – also appears to adequately respond to the requirements of the self-organization model, which offers the most satisfactory interpretation of local development processes to date. Reticular structures necessarily assure a much greater level of territorial congruity than hierarchicalgravitational structures and polarized structures; in our case, a reticular system is freer, more flexible –and therefore less hierarchically structured – and more open to local creative action, and more susceptible to diversification through interaction with the environment.

The landscape, a place where physical and cultural worlds interweave, is a topic that deserves its own section. The fact that we no longer conceive the landscape as only static and enjoyable through contemplation, but also as the outcome of dynamic natural and man-made processes, requires us to link a territory’s architecture to the environment of the landscape – or, if you prefer, to move away from a morphological consideration of a landscape’s units to a more systemic vision. This is undoubtedly a specific research area that can help us who are inthe fields of architecture and urban planning to fill our perspective on the identity of places.

64

LT3: City, territory and landscape

A3. Methodology There are a variety of methodologies that might be used in this research area, each one with a specific set of objectives. It is important that the proposed methodology be firmly rooted in at least one of the disciplines of the fields of architecture and urban planning, so that findings be verifiable and represent meaningful advances in the proposed research topic. In as much as a doctoral thesis is associated with separately-funded specific research projects, its methodology should be considered within the defined framework of these projects.

A4. Current challenges and Horizon 2020 Several of the smart-city and smart-territory societal challenges posed by the European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation are associated with this research area, especially those that focus on mobility and transport (societal challenge 4.2.), and the environment and climate change (societal challenges 5.1, 5.2, and 5.4). It is also advisable to consult the NET4SOCIETY Socio-economic Sciences and Humanities call information because it clearly and precisely summarizes all the funding opportunities available to researchers in the 2014-2015 work programme.

How this research area fits into the PhD Programme As this is a cross-disciplinary research area, its contents are necessarily related with other cross-disciplinary and specific research areas in the PhD Programme in which the subjects of city, territory, and landscape are analysed from a particular perspective. These areas are: LT2. Heritage, Restoration, and Obsolescence in Architecture and Urban Planning. Urban obsolescence represents one of the most pressing problems for the contemporary city, and thus deserves its own cross-disciplinary research area that frames this issue within the context of restoring heritage sites.

LT4. Contemporary Housing and Habitats. The problem of housing in cities and urban planning is an extremely important issue in modern culture. The challenges presented by the new culture of living spaces fully justify it having its own cross-curricular research area.

65

PhD Programme in Architecture LE6. History of Architecture and Architectural Theory: Cultural Studies, Social Management, and Creative City. Architectural theory and urban theory are closely linked: culture, society, and creativity are keys to the interpretation of problems related to cities, territories, and landscapes. Moreover, historical studies are especially helpful for understanding how cities grow – not just in space, but also through time.

LE7. Tourism and Sustainability: Architecture and Infrastructures. The concepts encapsulated in this specific research area directly refer to territory and landscape, and as a result many of them share common ground with this cross-disciplinary research area.

LE8. Architecture in the Contemporary Reality. As has already been highlighted, contemporary reality is at the heart of the new problems facing cities and territories.

These questions require a diverse conceptualization of the processes that are now underway, which is why the contents of both research areas are so intertwined.

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LT3 C1. Research projects on which we participate.

1. The urban planning of non cities: from vulnerable clandestinity to sustainable visibility. Territorial and urban integration of illegall settlements on land which cannot be developed.

Funding Body: Agencia de Obra Pública de la Junta de Andalucía. Fondos Feder.

Contrato de servicios de Proyectos I+D+i de la Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía.

Starting date: 15/11/2013. Finishing date: 31/03/2015.

Main Researcher: Antonio Piñero Valverde.

Researchers: Daniel Antúnez Torres, Diego Morales Gómez de la Torre, José Mª.

Morillo Sánchez, Victoriano Sainz Gutiérrez.

Abstract: The topics to be addressed in the proposed research work are based on the need to provide solutions that are different from those implemented so far by urban planning to address the housing problem underlying these scenarios, characterised by a situation of illegality, legal uncertainty, technical insecurity of consolidated residential buildings and habitability problems. These are areas of socio-economic vulnerability have consequences, frequently irreversible, on the natural, productive and environmental values of the land that cannot be developed.

Their identification, containment, and appropriate urban planning treatment through innovative and differentiated legislation-management-intervention formulas

66

LT3: City, territory and landscape -according to the various characteristics displayed by the settlements- must become, today, one of the main priorities of the Andalusian authorities with jurisdiction over housing and town planning in the territory.

2. Environmental suitability studies of river areas in the area of Sevilla as new parts of the city and territory (2013).

Funding Body: Empresa de Transformación Agraria S. A. (TRAGSA). Contrato de servicios de Proyectos I+D+i de la Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadalquivir.

Starting date: 22/04/2013. Finishing date: 21/07/2013.

Main Researcher: Antonio Barrionuevo Ferrer.

Researchers: Nicolás Carvajal Ballell, Carlos Díaz-Recasens Montero de Espinosa, Thilo Gumbsch, Leandro del Moral Ituarte, Victoriano Sainz Gutiérrez.

Abstract: This recently completed Research Project has two objectives: ­a. The contribution of Seville of the New River Parks included in the General Land Use Plan of Sevilla to the structure of the city. ­b. In considering that the contemporary reality of the city involves its complete territorial extension, the research proceeds to establish its new public spaces by enabling geographic areas related to river channels.

3. Mobility, social diversity and sustainability: challenges of the European agenda for rural development.

Funding Body: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Plan Nacional I+D+I (ref: CSO2012-37540) Starting date: 01-01-2013. Finishing date: 31-12-2015.

Main Researcher: Jesús Oliva Serrano. Universidad de Navarra.

The project aims to perform a comparative analysis of the effects of mobility on rural areas in three situations: dispersed rurality, represented by the valleys of the Navarran Pyrenees; diffuse rurality, studied in the environments half way between rural and urban areas in the Portuguese region of Aveiro; and the contact strip between rural-urban, studied in the region of North Vega of the Guadalquivir. The project aims to bring together and methodologically compare the disciplines of sociology and architecture. Participants on the programme: Carmen Guerra, Carlos Tapia Martín, Mariano Pérez Humanes.

4. Econeighbourhood Versus Neighbourhood Restoration. Sustainably Obsolete Neighbourhood Improvement Project.

Funding Body: Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Economía, Innovación, ciencia y Empleo.

Starting date: 26/11/2013. Finishing date: 31/12/2015.

Main Manager: HABITEC. Main Researcher: María López de Asiaín.

67

PhD Programme in Architecture The project aims to generate a system or analysis protocol for urban realities that is easily usable and applicable to any area of Andalucía created between the years 1950-1970, whether or not it has been studied specifically; to detect signs of obsolescence and suggesting measures or interventions aimed at improving habitability and sustainability conditions.

5. Integrated Regeneration of Neighbourhoods in Valparaiso.

Funding Body: Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Proyectos de Cooperación sobre el terreno. Main Researcher: Luz Fernández-Valderrama.

Integrated Regeneration of neighbourhoods, centred on the Barrio Puerto of the city of Valparaiso, the founding neighbourhood of the city. The project is proposed as a continuation of previous actions undertaken in Cochabamba (Bolivia), also in the founding neighbourhood of the city, and aims to organise a research seminar bringing together researchers from Bolivia and Chile, from different fields (universities, research institutes and field agents of the actions), in order to extrapolate its results and devise new strategies. In parallel, a “national heritage education” action was devised, creating intergenerational actions connecting adults and students from institutes in Barrio Puerto by means of a series of workshops and actions intended to achieve understanding and self-construction of the national heritage of Valparaiso.

6. Reconstruction following the Earthquake/Tsunami in Southern Chile: Neighbourhood Regeneration.

Funding Body: Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Proyectos de Cooperación sobre el terreno.

Main Researcher: María Prieto Peinado.

The project reconstructs the process of putting into action the different phases of aid and reconstruction work undertaken since the 2010 earthquake event. The monitoring has enjoyed the collaboration of the researchers of the INVI, as well as the involvement of local actors, as is the case of the Neighbourhood Committees created for the occasion and the local NGOs providing advice and support to the victims.

7. Preparatory Action by the Network for the Comprehensive Restoration of Neighbourhoods in Historic Centres: Cochabamba-Valparaíso-Sevilla.

Funding Body: AECID (Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional y Desarrollo), Programa PCI (Programa de Cooperación Inter-universitaria). Universidad de Valparaiso (CHILE), Universidad Mayor de San Simón (BOLIVIA) y la Universidad de Málaga.

Duration: 2011-2013.

Main Researcher: Luz Fernández-Valderrama.

68

LT3: City, territory and landscape The project means the Starting date of the international network on the integrated regeneration of neighbourhoods, creating joint research between the directing universities: Universidad de Sevilla, Málaga (España), Valparaíso (Chile) and Universidad Mayor San Simón de Cochabamba (Bolivia). The project considers two lines of work, the first, the need to work in neighbourhoods that contain cultural spaces aimed at human and local development. The second objective will be to work on the RESEARCH-MANAGEMENT-ACTION line, acting on collaborative projects involving players from the world of research (universities), management (cultural and administrations) and local action.

8. History for Action: Restoration of Neighbourhoods through Values. Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Modalidad Cooperación sobre el terreno.

Main Researcher: Luz Fernández-Valderrama.

Duration: 2012-2013 The project aims to work in building neighbourhood identity through collaborative work between the Cooperation group ArTeS, the UMSS, the mARTadero and the residents of the neighbourhood of Villa Coronilla in Cochabamba.

9. Urbanização e mundializaçao: novos processos de produção do espaço urbano.

Main Researcher: Manoel Rodrigues Alves (IAU, Sao Carlos, Universidade Sao Paulo).

Funding Body: Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP). Convocatorias internacionales (Brasileña) de investigación (ref: NAPURB USP).

Starting date : 01-01-2013; Finishing date: 31-12-2015.

The main objective of the project is to establish a general theoretical framework for the transformations of the contemporary urban space and the impact of global culture on the lifestyles and the creation of context. As a secondary objective, there is the implementation of an interdisciplinary research network of researchers in geography, anthropology, sociology, architecture and city, and international planning with nodes in Brazil, Argentina, Portugal and Spain. Participants in the programme: Carmen Guerra, Carlos Tapia Martín, Mariano Pérez Humanes.

C2. PhD theses.

1. José Adolfo Herrera Martín (2011). Urban planning as a modeller of the urban layout. The city of Andújar. Director: Manuel Vigil-Escalera Pacheco. May 2011.

Abstract: The investigation presents a study of the urban growth in the Andalusian town of Andujar throughout the XX century, from a variety of sources (cartographic, photographic, etc.) among which urban planning documents are paramount, both the general plans and development planning (partial plans and

69

PhD Programme in Architecture special plans). On the basis of a thorough analysis of the plans, we proceed to an interpretation of the urban form and development strategies are proposed, noting those specific aspects that require particular attention in the new scenario outlined by the current economic crisis.

2. Ángel L. González Morales (2011). Socialised beauty. Project methodology for building/rediscovery of the identity structure at the scale of the new Netcity through the use of rural and natural areas. The case study of the Natural Park of the Bahía de Cádiz. Director: Domingo Sánchez Fuentes. November 2011.

Abstract: This research work is based on the current need to define new elements and structures which, from the perspective of architecture and territorial design, allow us, on the one hand, to work according to the current dimensions of the urban reality, i.e. the territorial scale of the city-region and, secondly, to seek new mechanisms and instruments of dialogue and relationship, integration and symbolic mediation, which, through creativity and responsibility, facilitate the creation and reinvention of old and new synergies existing in the territory. A Starting dateing idea is proposed to address the two requeriments described above, which constitutes the fundamental hypothesis and central focuses of the methodology developed: to find the origin and basis of these new terms and project tools, not in the urban environment, but rather outside the city, on the periphery, in certain natural-rural areas which possess the appropriate scale and capacity and the symbolic-affective potential to become the foundation of a process of adaptation, development and protection of the character and identity of a particular place.

3. Marina Marcuz (2012). Urban rivers and river cities: criteria for integrated urban planning. The example of Rome.

Directors: José León Vela y Victoriano Sainz Gutiérrez. October 2012.

Abstract: There is without doubt a mutual and continuous conditioning between a natural element, such as a river, and the city, construed as a place to perform the activities, expectations and desires of people. Human action has produced radical changes in the shape and image of both elements with important consequences, especially in the perception of the natural environment. Such changes, which have emerged in particular in the last hundred years, have produced and still produce that the citizen changes their perception about the river, more or less consciously, but real. This paper intends to shed light on the convergence and distance relationship between the river and the city, by extrapolating some general principles to a large part of river cities. Highlighting common issues of river cities and establishing a dialogue between operators in the sector is of paramount importance and

70

LT3: City, territory and landscape interest, heightened especially in the last decade when common study areas were founded between European cities. Particularly important is the identification of the characteristics and expressive potential of urban contexts to the north and south of the Tiber pass through Rome, definable as gateways to the city and identifiable, therefore, as symbolic places to which special attention must be paid in the development of the river-city relationship, anticipating the scenarios that are displayed along the course of the Tiber.

4. Garrido Castellano, Emilio. Where Architecture lives. The invisible landscape of the Bahía de Cádiz as a cognitive model of the project.

Director: Antonio Tejedor Cabrera. January 2012.

5. Rey Pérez, Julia. Burle Marx and their intervention in the cultural landscape of Copacabana. Documentation, analysis and protection of contemporary national heritage.

Director: Víctor Pérez Escolano. Co-director: José Joaquín Parra. November 2012.

C.3. Selection of 10 research publications.

1. M. Castrillo Romón, A. Matesanz Parellada, D. Sánchez Fuentes & A. Buitrago Sevilla, “¿Regeneración urbana? Reconstrucción y reconstrucción de un concepto incuestionado”, Papeles de Relaciones Ecosociales y Cambio Global, nº 126 (2014), pp. 129-139.

2. V. Sainz Gutiérrez & J. M. Lerdo de Tejada, “El Plan General de Ordenación Urbana de 1963 y sus repercusiones”, F. Díaz del Olmo & P. Almoguera Sallent (eds.), Sevilla, la ciudad y la riada del Tamarguillo (1961). Inundación y renovación urbana en Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 2014, pp. 215-246.

3. A. Ricardo da Costa, V. Sainz Gutiérrez & F. Brandão Alves, “Alvar Aalto and Michelangelo. The Emergence of Synthesis in Urban Design”, Urban Design International, vol. 13, nº 3 (2013), pp. 185-199.

4. D. Sánchez Fuentes, “The Regeneration of Litoral Space at Doñana”, en AA. VV., Doñana. Out of the City, Dipartimento di Architettura e Pianificazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milán 2012, pp. 71-79.

5. V. Sainz Gutiérrez, “Rethinking housing, reinventing the city. The transformation of the la Mina distrit of Barcelona.”, Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura, nº 5 (2012), pp. 108-127.

71

PhD Programme in Architecture 6. Millán Millán, P.M.; Fdez.Valderrama, L. (2014). Approach to the study of the processes of transformation of historic cities. The thematization. Revista EURE, Mayo 2014. INDEX: ISI Journal of Citation Reports AVERY_Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals.

References D.1. National and international reference groups.

1. Laboratorio INAMA, Escuela de Arquitectura, Marsella, Francia (coord.: Jean-Lucien Bonillo).

2. Resarch Group “Città e territorio: trasformazioni e progetti. La nuova questione urbana” del IUAV de Venecia, Italia (coord.: Stefano Munarin).

3. Research Group: Dpto. de Urbanismo, TU de Delft, Holanda (coord.: Machiel van Dorst).

4. Research Group: “Morfologías e dinâmicas do territorio”, Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Oporto, Portugal (coord.: Manuel Pinheiro Fernandes de Sá).

5. Laboratorio de Urbanismo de Barcelona (LUB) de la Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, España (coord.: Josep Parcerisa Bundó).

6. Grupo de Investigación de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Sostenibilidad de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, España (coord.: Mariano Vázquez Espí).

D.2. Reference journals and publications to disseminate the current research.

1. Environment and Planning A. JCR (2013) Q1 (18/76) 2. Environment and Urbanization. JCR (2013) Q1 (7/38) 3. European Urban and Regional Studies. JCR (2013) Q1 (9/38) 4. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. JCR (2013) Q1 (6/38) 5. Journal of Urban Design. SJR (2013) Q1 6. Landscape and Urban Planning. JCR (2013) Q1 (1/38) 7. Urban Studies. JCR (2013) Q2 (13/38) 8. European Planning Studies. JCR (2013) Q2 (17/38) 9. Journal of the American Planning Association. JCR (2013) Q2 (11/38) 10. Journal of Urban History. JCR (2013) Q4 (37/38) 11. Urban Design International. SJR (2013) Q2 12. Urban History. SJR (2013) Q2 13. Journal of Planning History. SJR (2013) Q2 14. Planning Theory. JCR (2013) Q2 (20/55) 15. Regional Studies. JCR (2013) Q2 (25/96) 16. Town Planning Review. SJR (2013) Q1 17. Urban Morphology. SJR (2013) Q3

72

LT3: City, territory and landscape Non-indexed Spanish journals: 1. Urban 2. Ciudades 3. Ciudad y Territorio. Estudios Territoriales 4. Bitรกcora Urbano Territorial 5. Revista Iberoamericana de Urbanismo

73

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AREA 4 (LT4) Contemporary Housing and Habitat [Coordinator: Francisco Montero Fernández]

Contents and methodology Any conversation about housing is a conversation about the future. Alison and Peter Smithson’s 1955 House of the Future raised questions that should make us reflect on the homes that we will design in the future; housing has exhausted its dimensional parameters, and architectural design should be understood as the result of a classification-based strategy. It would be absurd to keep thinking in terms of square meters and inflexible dimensional boundaries, as they offer an inadequate array of solutions and a prescribed approach to dealing with undefined spaces. It is unquestionably more useful to conceive from the field of architecture if it includes the factors of sustainability, ecology, and versatility.

The technological home has been established –comfort levels are set and attainable– but it should continue to be modified. It is a simple question of economics, although finding a solution is not an easy task. Because of this, the only possible methodology for the field of housing, apart from technological upgrading, is the implementation of informal design parameters (as opposed to a preconceived formal determination that follows strict guidelines). We think of homes in terms of habitability without considering their minimum or maximum size, nor do we determine their cost by means of a simple 3D model. A home’s habitability is determined by informal concepts that must return to the field of architecture

75

PhD Programme in Architecture Informal Parameters: • Heterogeneity and diversity, instead of homogeneity. The idea is to incorporate the important concepts of society and place into the design of the home; individuals should take a more active part in their surroundings, and gain awareness of their social value within the community. The relevant disciplines in this area of research, alongside architecture, are urban psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Research on lifestyles and the city should offer strategies to assure that by 2050 Europe will be living at the forefront of the boundaries of knowledge.

• The habitable home. Thinking on how housing should be guided by non-dimensional parameters; research will focus on how homes are currently inhabited and used, and how they might be in the future, based on new requirements born out of contemporary society’s capacity for mobility, logistics, and intercommunication.

• Simultaneity. Living spaces should be conceived under the concept of simultaneity.

The practice of precise and exact planning is outdated, as the functions of a home are as motley as the people who live there. An individual should be able to increase a home’s potential and use it in the way the he or she best sees fit.

Gradients: Instead of designing for private individuals, we need to aim our projects at the community as a whole. A home is not only a place to live, but also a private extension of our daily existence. We inhabit cities in which our homes are spatiotemporal fragments, and which are currently growing exponentially thanks to the logistics and diversity of communication. We can cover more space in less and less time. As a result, Contemporary Housing and Habitats presents convergent areas of research that stand in contrast to the divergent, opposing ones that were up until now in place. The gradients do not separate public and private spaces, but rather trace a pattern for the relationships between them. For this reason, a conversation about housing is also a conversation about the future.

The gradients of contemporary habitats should avoid segregation and establishing limits. The contemporary city is limitless, and tends to grow by exceeding the boundaries that had already been put in place at some previous time. While walls were what once represented a city’s limits, it is now ring roads, railway tracks and metro lines; in reality, the contemporary city should be seen as centrifugal, though we should also acknowledge a polycentric-centrifugal model whose elements of interaction are the spaces that connect the polycentric structures of a metropolitan area. Therefore,

76

LT4: Contemporary housing and habitat continuous public spaces will be a fundamental characteristic of a project, as a lack of continuity casts shadows that deteriorate the urban environment.

Designs for public spaces should reclaim the street as a habitable setting. We must defend the street as a space for pedestrians, not as the setting for a spectacle in which we all feel like tourists, and like human sustenance for a voracious consumer society. We need to adopt an active culture instead of a commercial one, and we need to offer a city without timetables one that is always alive. The only solution is to back contemporary urban planning projects that focus on public spaces instead of private ones. In this way, we can also offer informal strategies for public spaces.

Informal Strategies for Public Spaces: • The city-territory. The city is not antithetical to territory, but rather, as Massimo Cacciari defends, is territory. The homogenous, discontinuous, limit-based city is, by extension, obsolete.

• The measurement for the contemporary city is its thickness. We should not only measure a city’s outward and upward expansion, as it is thickness that determines that feasibility and sustainability of urban growth.

• The heterogeneous contemporary city. Diversity is an essential element of European society, and should not be considered in homogeneous terms, but as a distinguishing factor in global richness that should be considered as a mark of identity of European society.

• The continuous contemporary city – one avoiding separations and boundaries that set social groups, defined through political and administrative management, against each other. Where once it was religion, now it is economic and political issues that bring about these insurmountable differences, while the structural organizations exacerbate them.

• The self-feeding contemporary city. This is not a reference to a leisure activity, but rather to problems of supply, at a time when urban density is reaching new heights and food quality depends on non-sustainable factors such as extremely longdistance transportation and the use of chemical products that have public-health repercussions in cities.

77

PhD Programme in Architecture Present Challenges and Horizon 2020 On the other hand, if we take into account the state of research in Europe, the crossdisciplinary research area LT04: Contemporary Housing and Habitats should be in the Horizon 2020 European framework for research. The first framework of reference is outlined in the Joint Programming Initiative, whose ultimate goal is to tackle societal challenges that cannot be solved by any one European state. One initiative in particular, “Urban Europe – Global urban challenges, joint European solutions,” stands out for its relevance to Research Area 04. The fundamental idea is to offer an urban model as a basis for and recognition of Europe’s territorial structure in the medium-term future.

The four 2050 urban models outlined in the Urban Europe Joint Programming Initiative’s “Strategic Research Framework” document are: • Entrepreneurial City: Urban development will be Europe’s spearhead for maximizing its capability for creativity and innovation, and will serve as preparation for gaining access to emerging markets outside of Europe.

• Connected City: It is necessary to consider the development of research fields such as advanced transport infrastructures, smart logistics systems, and accessibility to communication systems, with the goal of converting cities into nodes of a polycentric network.

• Pioneer City: The confidence that innovators and inventors place in cities, as well as the creation of more innovative environments for the assessment and implementation of new technological solutions, will be what distinguish Europe as a global pioneer.

• The Liveable City: A city’s liveability will be based on public health and safety, and the goal is to guarantee an attractive living and working environment for everybody, as well as eliminate cities’ carbon footprint through compulsory environmental improvements.

These four models outlined in the European Strategic Research Framework are not isolated concepts, but rather are joined together in three significant research topics: (source: URBAN EUROPE. JOINT PROGRAMME INITIATIVE. STRATEGIC RESEARCH FRAMEWORK, Imprint: Media proprietor, publisher and owner: Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology, Radetzkystraße 2, 1030 Vienna Editors in chief: Hester Menninga, Peter Nijkamp, Margit Noll, Wolfgang Polt with additional contributions from the Urban Europe Management Board Layout:Raoul Krischanitz).

1. Urban trends, focusing on demographic, economic, and technological issues.

78

LT4: Contemporary housing and habitat 2.Urban Networks and Interconnectivity, defined in terms of mobility, logistics and territorial development, which are necessary for the creation of living cities with advanced infrastructures and technologies. This topic also explores the ever-greater interaction between public and private spaces.

3. Sociological Sustainability, which establishes ecological and societal priorities that must be put into place for Europe to achieve sustainable and balanced urban growth in the future.

The Joint Programme Initiative seeks to yield a wide variety of research that will serve to establish European urban areas as attractive spaces that are extremely apt for living and working. The initiative also hopes to place Europe on the forefront of urban growth in the future, a theme which is present in Cross-disciplinary Research Area LT04: Contemporary Housing and Habitats.

Research Area LT04, “Contemporary Housing & Habitats,” has the following national points of contact that are related to the specific areas of the Horizon 2020 strategy for research.

How this Research Area fits into the PhD Program Every one of the PhD Program’s research areas aims to offer a body or work that addresses the different derivatives of architecture as a field to study, with the goal of strengthening its participation in the academic world and in the Horizon 2020 Research Program. We will highlight the research areas whose contents are most tightly interconnected, because establishing cross-cutting ties will require professors and students alike to be aware of the work being produced in all of these disciplines.

The crosslinking is clear and inevitable, and should help PhD students to find connections between each area’s themes and professors. We do believe, however, that these relationships create benchmarks that will evolve over time; therefore, while we clarify the organizational structure of the PhD Program’s linked research areas, only a limited number of them are currently being offered: • LT2. Heritage, Restoration, and Obsolescence in Architecture and Urban Planning • LT3: City, Territory, and Landscape • LT4: Contemporary Housing and Habitat • LE4: Environmental Conditioning, Energy Efficiency and ICT in Building • LE6: History of Architecture and Architectural Theory: Cultural Studies, Social Management, and Creative City • LE8: Architecture in the Contemporary Reality

79

PhD Programme in Architecture

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LT4 C1. Research projects on which we participate.

1. Environmental analysis of traditional urban housing and bioclimatic design recommendations in Salvador de Bahía Funding Body: Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional (ref: A/024415/09.

Starting date: 01/02/2010. Finishing date: 31/01/2011.

Main Researcher: Almodóvar, J.M. It analyses, from an environmental perspective, the architectural typologies representative of the traditional architecture of Salvador de Bahía, whose historic centre known as the Pelourinho has been declared a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO. Using a multidisciplinary and integrating methodology, it complements the study of cultural aspects with objective data based on a scientific instrumentation.

Specifically, in situ measurements and computer simulations are performed to study the effect of climatic factors on the adaptation of European models to a new cultural context and natural environment in Brazil. Thus, objective and novel data are provided on the benefits of traditional designs in the light of the current evaluation.

The main objective is to environmentally retrain traditional models to make them more sustainable, while encouraging their cultural values and tourism potential.

2. Energy rehabilitation of the dilapidated façades of social housing by applying innovative national (DIT) and European technical approval (ETA) certified products.

Funding Body: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Gobierno de España). Plan NacionaL I+D+I (ref: BIA2012-39020-C02-01) Starting date: 01/01/2013. Finishing date: 31/12/2015.

Main Researcher: Oteiza, I. Researchers of University os Sevilla: Sendra, J.J, Domínguez-Amarillo, S., FernándezAguera, J., Escandón, R. This project arises from the energy inefficiency existing in the sprawling network of social housing built in Spain between 1940 and 1980, comprising more than 40% of the total area built since1900. Its implementation will focus on two cities that share the common feature of having experienced large-scale urban development during these four decades of the XX century, assuming two areas of study that are climatically and geographically distinct: Madrid and Sevilla. The project will evaluate the technical and energetic characteristics of each restoration system. Our Starting dateing hypothesis attempts to prove: the influence on energy demand of materials and innovative construction systems in housing enclosures; the need to provide energy efficient and innovative construction solutions; dissemination and transfer of the knowledge

80

LT4: Contemporary housing and habitat acquired, both for the manufacturers of these products and their subsequent implementation in R&D+i, and for the scientific community and the users themselves.

3. RCDs= +ECOeficiencia’. Waste Reduction in the Design and Construction of Houses in Andalusia.

Funding Body: Consejería de Vivienda y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía.

Subvenciones para la realización de actividades de investigación en materia de arquitectura y vivienda. (ref. SUBJA09-031).

Main Researcher: Carmen Llatas Oliver.

Duration: 2009-2012.

The aim of the project is to prevent Construction and Demolition Waste (CDWs) in housing construction projects in Andalusia, for which a software tool was designed to assist draughtsmen, with a set of measures and recommendations to minimise the production of CDWs. Promote sustainability in the construction sector in Andalucía. Specific objectives: 1 Estimate the types and quantities of CDWs that will be generated on site. 2 Introduce recommendations in the project design to minimise waste. 3 Prescribe recommendations in the processing of CDWs.4 Develop the CDWs Management Study document and the computer calculation tool.

C2. PhD theses.

1. Urban growth and ecology. New technologies applied to the management of transformation factors and agents in peri-urban areas. Author: Ismael Domínguez Sánchez de la Blanca. Director: José Manuel Almodóvar Melendo, 2013.

It studies the outskirts of the city, by considering it as an important source of disturbance and conflicts affecting its relationship with the territory. Addressing the implementation of systems sensitive to stimuli received by the environment. This sensitivity to the environment makes it possible to review the course of the overall planning and work with the city on the basis of the analysis and interrelatedness of the data obtained. The results are intended to prevent the dynamics of the infrastructure from impairing the growth of the city and its free relationship with the environment. Furthermore, it proposes conciliatory actions for the urban limit landscape in contact with the territory and a willingness to democratise the land, facilitating the access of citizens to equipment. In short, the thesis provides novel results on architecture and urban planning as regards the environment and sustainability.

2. Bizcocho Tocón, Nuria. Application of the Lifecycle Analysis to the management of construction waste. Director: Carmen Llatas Oliver. September 2014.

81

PhD Programme in Architecture

C3. Selection of 10 research publications 1. Almodóvar, J.M., Pinheiro, G., & Souza, S. (2011). Valores culturales y ecológicos de la arquitectura tradicional de Salvador, Brasil. Sevilla: Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, 322 p. ISBN: 978-84-615-0011-6.

2. Almodóvar, J.M., Domínguez, I. (2014). Catálogo de la Exposición: Technology and Environment: the Postwar House in Southern California. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla y Junta de Andalucía, 125 p. ISBN: 84-617-1689-2.

3. Sendra, j. j., domínguez, s. león, a., navarro, J. et al. (2011): Proyecto Efficacia.

Optimización energética de la vivienda colectiva. Sevilla: Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla, pp. 1-140. ISBN: 978-84-472-1376-4 Papers published in indexed journals 4. Almodóvar, J.M., Jiménez, J.R., & Domínguez I. (2014). “Similarities between R.M. Schindler House and Descriptions of Traditional Japanese Architecture” en Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. Volumen/páginas/editorial/año: vol13 (2014) nº1, 41-48. ISSN: 1346- 7581. Arts and Humanities Citation Index. JCR Science Edition (2013): 0,265, Construction & building technology, Q4 (51/58). SJR (2013): 0,237, Cultural Studies, Q1 (142/648).

5. Domínguez-Amarillo, S., Sendra, J. J., León, A.L., Esquivias, P. (2012). “Towards Energy Demand Reduction in Social Housing Buildings: Envelope System Optimization Strategies” en Energies 5 (7), pp 2263-2287. DOI: 10.3390/en5072263. JCR (2012): 1,844. Energy & Fuels, Q2 (38/81).

6. Millán Millán, P. M. / Fdez.Valderrama, L. “Approach to the study of the processes of transformation of historic cities. The thematization”. Revista EURE, Mayo 2014. Indexado en: ISI Journal of Citation Reports. AVERY_ Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals 7. Sendra, J. J.; Domínguez-Amarillo, S.; Bustamante, P.; León, A.L. (2013). “Energy intervention in the residential sector in the south of Spain: Current challenges”.

Informes de la Construcción, 65 (532), pp. 457-464. DOI: 10.3989/ic.13.074 JCR (2013): 0,254. Construction & Buiding Technology, Q4 (52/58).

8. Escandón, R.; Sendra, J. J.; Suárez, R. (2014). “Energy and climate simulation in the Upper Lawn Pavilion, an experimental laboratory in the architecture of the Smithsons”. Building Simulation, doi: 10.1007/s12273-014-0197-0. JCR [2013]: FI: 0.631.

Construction & Buiding Technology, Q3 (37/58).

82

LT4: Contemporary housing and habitat

References Journals: 1. CITY & COMUNITY: Edited By: Hilary Silver. Impact Factor: 0.778. ISI Journal Citation Reports 漏 Ranking: 2013: 24/38 (Urban Studies); 72/137 (Sociology). JCR: 1,095 / SJR: 0,035. ISSN: 1540-6040 Online 2. ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING. D, SOCIETY & SPACE. Edited By: London : Ed. Pion Limited. Impact Factor: JCR: 1,924 / SJR: 0,04. ISSN: 1472-3433 Printed 3. EURE. Edited By: Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales de la Pontificia Universidad Cat贸lica de Chile. Impact Factor: JCR: 0,297 / SJR: 0,029 ISSN: 0717-6236 Online. 0250-7161 Printed 4. HABITAT INTERNATIONAL. Edited By: Oxford; New York: Ed. Pergamon Press.

Impact Factor: JCR: 1,434 / SJR: 0,067. ISSN: 0197-3975 5. HOME CULTURES. The Journal of Architecture, Design and Domestic Space. Edited By: Bloomsbury Publishing. Impact Factor: SJR: 0,027. ISSN: 1740-6315. 1751-7427 Online.

6. HOUSING STUDIES. Edited By: Harlow, Essex: Ed. Longman, Impact Factor: JCR: 0,663 / SJR: 0,033. ISSN: 0267-3037 impreso. 1466-1810 electronic 7. HOUSING, THEORY, AND SOCIETY. Edited By: Oslo: Ed. Scandinavian University Press. Impact Factor: SJR: 0,03. ISSN: 1403-6096 impreso. 1651-2278 electronic 8. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE. Edited By: Washington American Society of Landscape Architects. Impact Factor: SJR: 0,025. ISSN: 0023-803 Printed.

83

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AREA 5 (LT5) Advanced Architecture [Coordinators: Luz Fernández-Valderrama and José Pérez de Lama.

Text: José Morales Sánchez and Luz Fernández-Valderrama]

Contents and methodology A1. Presentation of the research area. Description of the advanced architecture area: Microintentions for a macroline via ten indications A. Emergency and the present The Advanced Architecture research area involves the research of emerging, current topics that link culture and mentality of our age to the world of architecture in general terms.

Moreover, it is called advanced due to the way in which the research is undertaken, via the risk involved in the work on the situation of knowledge linked to architecture projected towards the future.

Indication 1.

An advance is a particularly noteworthy group (of players, explorers or combatants).

It is also an innovative action. To advance is, in effect, to anticipate, but also to make progress. Propel, or project, forwards. Advanced architecture is necessarily projective: by being purposeful and anticipatory. Architecture with the capacity to connect with technological change (industry and technology), with cultural progress (thought and creation) and with scientific logic (research and development). Architecture which values exploration (the prospection is ambitious, the application is rigorous and precise, and the dissemination of those ideas is potentially more qualitative for being operative and complex. An action (architecture) that believes in the need to constantly feed the system with energy. An action (architecture) that works with exchange, relation, information and evolution.

A “reinforming” action (architecture) for being, precisely, “informational”. [MG]

85

PhD Programme in Architecture Advanced, architecture That which advances, which progresses. Travelling architects versus contemplative architects. Propositions versus positions. [FS] In the past, an advance used to suppose a certain risk of disconnection (the vanguard could lose contact with the rest of the army). For us, advance is to sweep along, drive on without wanting to leave anyone behind. [FP] Today it seems as though there is a new architecture on the horizon; more than in conventional iconography or the fixation of the object, it is an architecture positively involved in the avatar, in the event and the temporal and evolutionary dimension of processes. Architecture conscious of the future importance of exchange and information. Architecture that, however, wants to contemplate things related to the present, to daily life. Provide expression, joy and freshness to a new emerging daily routine and, therefore, dignity and encouragement to life. It is a path full of obstacles (vanity, vedette-like behaviour; including cynicism, pathos and avarice) but, nowadays, it only demands positive and optimistic realism, full of integrity, selfconfidence, joy and collaboration: between intuition and research; between intentions and stimuli; between relationships and events; just like nature itself reacting to the medium demanded. We can thus ask ourselves if this shared interest for these possibilities does not already define a precise framework - as was the case in the 1930s and 50s - which alludes to the overcoming of the traditional systems of disciplinary organisation and to the capacity to propose new spatial dispositions, as precise and effective as they are open and emotional. [MG, p. 73].

B. Places of complexity Research along this area originates from a reality that is heterogeneous and diverse, not uniform. A reality that traces and addresses in its wide relation the diversity of knowledge, and information that describes the reality. Anthropology, sociology, geography and politics cross research in this area.

Indication 2. Space-Time-Information Today we are aware of a radical change in our interpretation of space (and in the idea of order associated to it, associated to the recent comprehension of chaos theory and quantum physics: “space-time-information� has succeeded classic time and space (absolute) and modern space-time (relative), open to local and global action, which causes greater uncertainty (instability) in our understanding of the universe but which, at the same time, has permitted the introduction, definitively, of the influence of information that is combined and diversified, universal and individual (and the influence of its dynamic effects) in the spatial manifestation of processes. [MG, p. 582].

86

LT5: Advanced architecture C. Historical memory, interpretation From this area of research and the reading of history it is carried out via the synchronous and the diachronic, understanding historical knowledge as an open process and one that coincides with the profile of what we understand as the architectural project.

History not as a closed corpus, but as a group of knowledge that is deduced from a progressive interpretation, which buries its roots in contemporaneity.

Indication 3. Memory, history, interpretation and the architectural project “Memory is a very stupid dog: you throw it a stick and it brings you something else.”

(LORIGA, Ray, Tokyo ya no nos quiere, Tokyo Doesn’t Love Us Anymore, Barcelona : Plaza & Janés, 1999) [WM].

Short memory, Proustian memory. They are figures that appear to us by fundamentally seeing the incomplete and fragmented world that is everything associated with the city and its architecture. But it is also understood that further than realities, history is also fragmentary, unrepeatable: “That which cannot be twice”, just like the project.

Not working with the memory of will, that which turns back, is an effort to replace the irreplaceable. Without will and also without nostalgia.

Memory relies on the non-lineal character of time and its figures. It bases itself on the memory, distortion and redirection. Memory works with “that which become associated by bidding farewell”, it becomes tied to what it dispels, it acts on what it dilutes, and it dates back to new origins. [JM, p. 402].

D. Cultural heritage In this area of research culture is broadly speaking considered as a social construction.

Culture understood as an accumulation of actions that have shaped our physical and historical surroundings. Hereditary culture linked to geography, collective memory, and to what is referred to as the identities of peoples. The notion of heritage is researched via the collaboration of knowledge, in which an important role is played by geography, and material and human history. Heritage is conceived, from this research, as a space that is shared and in conjunction with the contemporary moment.

Indication 4. Heritage Nietzsche dissolves any possibility of time in the past: “And when my eye flees from the present to the past, it always finds the same thing: fragments and limbs and

87

PhD Programme in Architecture crass coincidences. But no men! The present and the bygone upon earth- ah! my friends- that is my most unbearable trouble.� Perhaps this also explains the tedium of Baudelaire when thinking of time: his slogan was kill it, make it disappear, a sentence driven by inebriation, opium and vice.

It is possible that this “not thinking about time� was due to the future always appearing under the sign of desperation, of nothing being promising. The only promise seemed to reside in hazarding towards emptiness; towards the origin. To do this, the best: construct oblivion, build forgetfulness. [JM, p. 462].

E. Domestic space and dwelling The advanced architecture area addresses research on the domestic space as a cultural place, in which mentalities and social demands are configured. Intimacy, comfort, strongly linked to technology enter into a relationship with space in which complicity, pacts and subjective affirmations occur between the subjects. The domestic space is researched as a concept that passes the threshold of privacy and extends towards the intermediate spaces of relationships between people, in which there is a crossover of private and collective desires.

Two of the most recurring topics in research in this area are undertaken from the notion of support and housing, as two physical conditions that change with mentalities, the economy and collective demands, strongly linked to landscapes.

In this research area, domestic space is tackled as a reflection of a changing society, strongly connected to the legacy of altered traditions. Intimate private space is investigated further than its physical reality, as a framework in which it is reflected from the world of mass-media, of consumption; which puts the sphere of memory and tradition offcentre. But at the same time, the domestic space is investigated as a physical reality that transcribes a long formal inertia, continuously affected by the desire of the subjects.

The domestic space constitutes the place that is most linked to the idea of body and anatomy and the place in which relationships with other subjects are reflected.

This area investigates the idea of typology and model as a continuous transit between cultures, to which it is a concept more connected to the idea of alteration and change than that of permanence.

In short, we understand the notion of housing and domestic space as strongly related to the notion of dwelling.

88

LT5: Advanced architecture Indication 5. Domestic space and dwelling Fostering the investigation of new devices and combined systems oriented towards offering, in this field, MORE for LESS. -

More More More More More More

benefits for lower costs. quality for fewer expendables. space for less compartmentalisation. space for less compartmentalisation. variation for fewer static states. heterogeneity for less repetition.

Housing more equipped and open capable of projecting the individual further than the medium, favouring necessary transfers.

-

From From From From From From From

the the the the the the the

respectable dwelling to the stimulating dwelling. standard dwelling to the personalised dwelling. traditional dwelling to the technological dwelling. mass-produced dwelling to the diversified dwelling. distribution dwelling to the landscape dwelling. typical dwelling to the multi dwelling. mechanical dwelling to the interactive dwelling.

All of these are indications of new concepts in the approach to the contemporary habitat: new concepts in the design of inhabited space (the residential cell and its interior landscape, but also in the definition of those new urban support systems, and thus of associated relational landscapes) destined to insure an effective and renewed relationship between housing, city and territory. [MG, p. 279].

F. Landscape, urban growth, mentality and obsolescence The concept of landscape is associated with that of the action and effect of looking; of the gaze. The awareness of the subject is constructed with this ingredient of looking and corresponds to the idea that our surroundings make us; the landscape of our cities, the presence of the natural medium, intermediate places, all construct what we understand as contemporary subjectivity. So, for example, in the notion of “terrain vague�, the mentality of contemporary subject and space is superimposed, understood as a lack, absence and loss.

89

PhD Programme in Architecture The advanced research area tackles what we understand as urban obsolescence, as a part of the sensation of loss and lack of a contemporary subject. It is therefore an idea that narrows the relationship between constructed materiality and memory.

Indication 6. Obsolescence, landscape and subjective awareness Sites of old factories, now in disuse, places which housed the most important infrastructures in times past, of now distinct economies; enclaves today the superposition of countless strata of communication and journeys. Places linked to great natural and economic disasters. In short, locations upon which a great part of our question marks about contemporary cities and landscapes are focused. Location of the uncertainty and, therefore, of the project. [JM, p. 579].

G. Technology and progress Research in the area of Advanced Architecture understands the notion of technology as an ending to the demands of culture. Culture, the present and technology drawn on the landscape of what we understand as progress. Progress is characteristic of a project action associated with desires and improvement in living. Technological advances are cultural advances. The notion of limit and progress under conditions configure the field of work for the area of advanced architecture.

Indication 7. Intelligent fabrication Repeat the variation. The objective of all intelligent manufacturing systems is to be able to produce pieces in a totally free manner in an industrialised way, that is, repeat the variation.

Advanced industrial systems, linked to the digital world, permit the production of pieces with absolute flexibility, in the case where the necessary machines for manufacturing them are configurable.

The architect’s drawing in digital format is what assimilates the machine that produces the pieces necessary to construct a complex surface or structure. [VG, p. 224].

H. Public space and dwelling Research in advanced architecture on the public space is approached as the place of the affirmation of territories, places for meeting, pacts, strategies, complicities and accentuation of identities.

90

LT5: Advanced architecture Public, contemporary space is a place where the private and collective spheres cross over, regulated in an area of freedom, with the clear will to compensate the presence of public powers. The public space is also understood as an intermediate place that crosses and serves as a threshold and encounter with the collective support of the home. It is also an expanded concept at the mercy of new technologies, via which the public space is interpreted as an information terminal. The public space itself constitutes an emerging and novel investigation, which is configured not just due to the physical sphere but also via the virtual sphere. The public space is the threshold of living, and one of the objectives of this area of advanced architecture is that of x-raying the journeys between these limits and thresholds of a moving society.

The public space, being the sum of territories for the collective and also private affirmation, is the place of behaviours via which the links are revealed between urban, natural and bodily forms.

This research area investigates urban phenomena as a changing, stimulated reality due to the meeting of people.

Indication 8. Public space All architecture constructs a system inscribed in a medium with which it carries out exchanges of energy, materials and information. In this new synesthetic condition referred to by Silvia Molina (“Espacio intermedio en V.V.A.A, Un nuevo marco para la creación, Intermediate Space, in Various Authors, A new framework for creation Madrid: ed. Universidad Complutense, 1997): “I’ll speak about space as a subject, as occurring and not as a fact: space as a process, where the relationship of its elements and with the spaces that surround it acquire their own dimension. When I speak about relation I speak about definition. Elements never accompany each other, they relate.

Nothing is next to something else without intervening in it, without modifying it, without redefining it”. A reactive space, then (open to stimuli and reactions), which encourages interventions more relational for being synesthetic: for being synthetic (globally) and synergetic (locally). [MG, p. 289].

I. Natures, ecology, progress and sustainability Ecology involves the balance and imbalance between heterogeneous and different agents. Sustainability is a concept associated with this idea of heterogeneity, and expanded to those of culture, nature, society, technology, etc.

The notion of progress in research from advanced architecture implies the notion of limit, as a border via which to establish a balance between objectives and risks. In this

91

PhD Programme in Architecture research area, we understand nature as a sphere of reflections subjected to diverse agents, multiple realities in which there is an overlapping of the natural and the artificial.

Indication 9. Nature (advanced), technology and nature (technonature) Interested in challenging the most primitive ideas that have taken shape from the growing interest in nature. Only a greater technical development and a critical cultural attention can put an end to the pillage that modern technology established in the land. The work of the architect should, in this context, exploit more intense ways of describing the contemporary idea of nature, understanding it as an eminently cultural construction. If so desired, produce a cosmogony and give it a physical form. As a working material, environmental awareness is interesting both due to us crossing it with its apparent opposite: the artificial nature of all real physical experience, and as a topic for creating new paradoxes and new questions. Ábalos & Herreros. [CO, p. 423].

J. Creativity and advanced architecture The value of architecture does not just reside in creating forms in space, rather in fostering relationships within it: it does not involve making designs official (or composing them) rather proposing (and preparing) reactions (actions and relationships): more qualitative when more potentially interactive. This alludes to a latent change in the very figure, of the architect, now non-formulable, just within the terms of a “producer of objects”, but in the terms of a “strategist of processes”. [MG, p. 536].

Our main mission as architects continues to reside in the disposition for articulating a purposeful mediation, amongst the forces of production and the conditions of those scenarios to which these refer: from this derives the capacity to PROJECT, that is, to KNOW, CONCEIVE and IMPLEMENT; to RELATE (explore, associate, deduce, implicate...) to PROPOSE (imagine, foresee, anticipate, invent) and to MAKE (construct, structure, organise, coordinate...). A mediation, then, destined to provide productive and cultural structures at each moment with a suitable spatial organisation capable of being in tune with the conditions of the global surroundings. [MG, p. 536].

Indication 10. Creativity If this architecture does not understand hierarchies or known worlds, if this thought needs articulation and particularity in order to continue from conjunction and connection, these architectures-thoughts are allied to chaos. They are not proposed from clichés and, of course, do not understand stereotypes. Everything appears new, novelty thought. Architecture of creation. Dispelling of determinations. Construction of novelty and not recognition. The important thing for this thought-architecture

92

LT5: Advanced architecture is to occur. This procedure has to construct its own tools for ascertaining reasons, contents. This project requires machines, devices for measuring its discoveries. The important thing is that there be something to tell, something unknown. [JM, p. 135].

A3. Associated methodology http://www.theberlage.nl/ http://www.iaac.net/ http://innovacion.masterproyectos.com/

A4. Present challenges and Horizon 2020 Present Challenges Horizon 2020 (H2020) is the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation for the 2014-2020 period, and the concepts of Innovation and Technology continuously occur within it. The clarification of both is important.

The Horizon 2020 programme is centred on three pillars: -­ Excellent Science, to reinforce the scientific excellence of the Union on a global scale, mainly via open topic initiatives and in general, in individual projects.

-­ Industrial Leadership, to accelerate the development of technologies, mainly: Information and Communications Technology (ICT), nanotechnology, advanced materials, biotechnology, advanced manufacture and transformation and space technology; to help innovating European SMEs to become leading companies in the world and to provide funding for risk in order to help research and innovation activities to reach the market.

-­ Societal Challenges, to provide a direct response to the political priorities and challenges identified in the Horizon 2020 strategy such as energy security, transport, climate change and resource efficiency, health and ageing, environmentally-friendly production methods and land management.

On presenting Horizon 2020, Máire Geoghegan-Quinn, Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science, has stated the following: “We need a new vision for European research and innovation in a dramatically changed economic environment. Horizon 2020 provides direct stimulus to the economy and secures our science and technology base and industrial competitiveness for the future, promising a smarter, more sustainable and more inclusive society”.

93

PhD Programme in Architecture The relationship and implication of this research area in Horizon 2020 appears evident to us, above all in the understanding of what innovation really is, and what it is producing in the field of architecture and vice-versa: how the architecture of today takes in new possibilities thanks to the challenges posed by society, and the incorporation of new production and building technologies.

There is an urgent need to generate research that has an impact on these central spheres of architectural production.

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LT5 C1. Research projects on which we participate.

1. Energytic: Technology, Information and Communication services for engaging social housing residents in energy and water efficiency (Programa CIP 2007/13: Unión Europea, ref. 270947).

Funding Body: Windinertia Tech S.L. EBT Starting date: 04/09/2011. Finishing date: 03/09/2014.

Main Researcher: Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo.

Researchers: Juan José Sendra, Jessica Fernández-Agüera, Rocío Escandón.

The project deals with the consequences which the introduction of certain ICTs had in reducing energy and water consumption in social housing neighbourhoods, primarily via meters that allowed household users using DTT terminals or a PC to consult their consumption at all times in real-time (electricity and water), and to compare it with their pair (unit of use with similar characteristics). It involved checking whether that knowledge led to a reduction in consumption.

2. Sustainability Observatory. Cochabamba 2020.

Funding programme: Proyecto de Investigación en Cooperación financiado por el IIA de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Ciencias del Hábitat y becas del Programa de Formación Solidaria de la US. Starting date: 01/12/2012. Finishing date: 31/12/2013.

Main Researcher: Marko Quiroga (UMSS) Abstract: In the context of the work being developed by the IIA. UMSS in the last two years, the 2020 Cochabamba project and the implementation of the Observatorio Urbano Territorial of all metropolitan areas of Cochabamba. The project developed certain promotion actions: A seminar on sustainability indicators of the district of Villa Coronilla and the workshop IN_OUT, developed together with

94

LT5: Advanced architecture the research group INGENTES at the University of Seville, has aimed to create the Dashboard of Urban Sustainability Indicators for Cochabamba that will have direct applicability within the OUT Observatory.

3. Healthy housing and environment: a model for the restoration of neighbourhoods, Cochabamba.

Funding programme: Proyecto de Investigación en Cooperación financiado por el Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Investigación en Cooperación.

Starting date: 01/06/2012. Finishing date: 31/12/2013.

Main Researcher: Carolina Ureta (Grupo de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla “Arquitectura, territorio y Salud”).

Abstract: This project, designed by researchers with an interdisciplinary approach (Architecture-Geography Human-Nursing), and by three Universities (Seville-MalagaHuelva), inherits methods and tools of the three disciplines (such as the use of qualitative surveys, the use of GIS or projective tools), in an attempt to generate a specific work methodology to design a model for Restoration of Neighbourhoods.

This will make possible to establish a dashboard of indicators for the design and evaluation of what we call “healthy housing and environments” at a later stage of this project. This project has facilitated a field study in which researchers from the Research Group TEP-238 INGENTES will work together in collaboration with researchers from the Research Institute of the Facultad de Arquitectura y Ciencias del Hábitat de la Universidad Mayor San Simón (RESEARCH),and local actors in the neighbourhood of Villa Coronilla(ACTION),with whom we will work by means of the mediation by the cultural managers (MANAGEMENT) of the project mARTadero, centre for development through art and culture.

4. History for Action: Restoration of Neighbourhoods through Values.

Funding programme: Proyecto de Investigación en Cooperación financiado por el Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Cooperación sobre el terreno.

Main Research: Luz Fernández-Valderrama Starting date: 31/10/2012. Finishing date: 31/06/2014 Abstract: The project aims to work in building neighbourhood identity through collaborative work between the Cooperation group ArTeS, the UMSS, the mARTadero and the residents of the neighbourhood of Villa Coronilla in Cochabamba.

This project aims to organise workshops for “social training”, creating collaborative actions to achieve the objectives set. As part of these actions, it holds a Signs and Symbols Workshop, in collaboration with the Design students from the Facultad de Arquitectura de la UMSS, and a Micro-Histories Workshop from the Neighbourhood.

95

PhD Programme in Architecture 5. Training and transfer in restoration and improvement of neighbourhoods: research, management, action.

Funding programme: Proyecto de Investigación en Cooperación financiado por el Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Formación y Transferencia.

Main Researcher: Luz Fernandez Valderrama Starting date: 31/10/2012. Finishing date: 31/12/2013.

Abstract: The desire to work collaboratively to develop multidimensional strategies that contribute to improve people’s lives through the improvement of their living environment, articulated under the project “Restoration or improvement of Neighbourhoods”, has led to the pooling of researchers from the universities of Sevilla and Malaga (Spain), Cochabamba (Bolivia) and Valparaiso (Chile) to work together on different consecutive actions. Finally, proposed as part of this project is the activation of a new line of work inLima, through the application made by teachers of the Universidad de Ingeniería of Lima, a city in which the Cultural Arenas y Esteras space is located, a cultural space of reference in cultural management. This action made it possible to expand the RED INTERNACIONAL DE BARRIOS, from the PCI, by incorporating a new neighbourhood (Villa el Salvador) and cultural space (Arenas y Esteras), as a new laboratory for working with art and creativity as a tool for social activism.

C2. PhD theses.

1. Biosynthetic Architectures. The living, the non-living, and their hybridisation as a strategy for architectural action in the new century. Author: Eduardo Mayoral González. Director: Carlos Tapia Martín. May, 2012.

This research explores the possibilities of redefining the existing design and production mechanisms based on the use of natural capital to increase manufactured capital. The alternative proposal involves the manipulation of living and non-living systems to redefine the relationship between humans and nonhumans in a new re-production environment where the evolution and generation of added value takes place through the crossing of different types of capital. This includes factors ranging from genetics, regenerative medicine, bio-art... and inserts them into the field of (architectural) design to explore these new ways of designing and producing. We experimented with two specific cases. In the first, we work with bioluminescent micro-organisms to design devices that emit light without consuming electricity, while the second used a 100% organic material that functions as a thermal insulator and has certain structural qualities.

96

LT5: Advanced architecture 2. Regarding the cultural conditioning factors for the generation of form. Analogies, growth, materiality and aporias in the ecologies space. Tesis Doctoral. Author: Pecoraio, Simona Director: Carlos Tapia Martín.

The thesis deals with the generation of the form, pointing to the deepening of its relations with the ecologies space and investigating the implications of biology and technology in architectural discipline. The aim is to provide a definition of ecological, as a category of architectural action, by promoting the hybridisation between different know-how and developing a methodological framework for understanding architectural production in the second half of the XX century. To do so, a series of interpretative tables are drafted that offer a discussion of the definitions of form and ecologies space, on the basis of a genealogical field -formed of D’Arcy Thompson, Christopher Alexander, Philip Steadman, Enric Miralles, Greg Lynn and Karl Chu-, treated as a philogenesis, in an attempt to establish deeper connections on a course of action in architecture, from the last part of the past century to today.

3. Projects on the margin. Author: María Prieto Peinado. Director: Luz FernándezValderrama, 2013.

Currently, the big city appears to have converted the condition of anonymity into destruction. A mixture of rejection and attraction invades us, where the inability to control produces the wear and tear of solidarity, and an increase in inequality, prompting us to demand the standardisation of cultures, or the homogenisation of different identities, for fear of losing our security. Others are excluded from the established social order. We try to show spatial processes in urban living relations in certain cases of exclusion; settlements, squats and homelessness, through the concrete study of several experiences in the city of Seville, such as “Los Perdigones”, and several cases of homeless people in Barcelona, with squatting in the “Forat”. In short, we seek clues for further reflection in the reformulation of the architectural project in the field of the production of public spaces, as well as in the definition of contemporary living, especially with respect to reflections on dwellings with their origins in marginality.

C3. Selection of 10 research publications.

1. Barrios-Padura, A., Molina-Huelva, M., y Díaz-Ortiz, M. (2014).

5TH European conference on energy efficiency and sustainability in architecture and planning. Lean architecture, lean urban planning. Employment of recycled plastic in buildings´ energy rehabilitation. A sustainability commitment. Donostia-San Sebastián: Universidad del Pais Vasco. 53-62.

97

PhD Programme in Architecture 2. Barrios Padura, A; Fernández Portero, C; Mariñas Luis, JC; y Márquez Aguilar, P. (2012) Calidad de vida de personas mayores en entornos arquitectónicos sostenibles.

Cuestiones previas al proyecto del hábitat. Sevilla: Recolectores urbanos. 338-342.

3. Guerra de Hoyos, Carmen. Habitar y Tecnología en la Vivienda Prefabricada Contemporánea. En: Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura. 2012. Vol. 6. Pag. 16-33 4. Tapia Martín, Carlos. Los soportes de intermediación. Algunas consideraciones teóricas alrededor de docencia, arquitectura y virtualidad. Revista Faro. 2011. N 13 5. González Galiana, Rafael (Coeditor), Guerra de Hoyos, Carmen (Coeditor), Pérez Humanes, Mariano (Coeditor), Tapia Martín, Carlos (Coeditor).

Pensamiento Hermenéutico en el abismo de la arquitectura, contratextos para Rafael González Sandino. - Madrid, España. Abada Editores. 2013. 272. ISBN 9788415289623 6. Almodóvar, J.M., Domínguez, I. (2014). Catálogo de la Exposición: Technology and Environment: The Postwar House in Southern California (íntegramente en español e inglés). Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla y Junta de Andalucía, 125 p. ISBN: 84-617-1689-2.

7. Almodóvar, J.M.; La Roche, P.; Jiménez, J.R.; Domínguez, I. (2012). Scientific Design of Skylights: The Case of an Office Building in Gelves, Seville. 28th International Pasive and Low Energy in Architecture Conference. Opportunities, Limits and Needs, 5.

8. Fernández-Valderrama Aparicio, Luz; Frutos Lozano, Manuel; Prieto Peinado, María; Ureta Muñoz, Carolina; Mendoza Muro, Salas; Martín-Mariscal, Amanda.

Arte Y Cultura, Historia Y Patrimonio: Herramientas De Dinamización Social.

Congreso: XII Conferencia Anual Internacional en Inteligencia Territorial “Innovación Social y nuevos modos de gobernanza para la transición socio-ecológica“.

Universidad de Huelva, 21 y 22 de noviembre 2013.

9. Fdez.Valderrama, Luz; Casado Martinez, Eva Luque, Antonio Herrero, Amanda Martín Mariscal.

Arquitecctura “part time”. Azioni e interazioni per lo Spazio Colletivo.

Ref. Revista/Libro: Reduce-Recycle- Reuse, Arti performative in spazi urbani.

10. Fernández-Valderrama Aparicio, Luz; Rovira Caballero, Ignacio.

Creatividad Social: El papel del arte y la creatividad como herramientas de dinamización social.

Congreso: VI Jornadas Arte y Ciudad (III Encuentros Internacionales) Facultad de Ciencias de la Información Universidad Complutense, Madrid. 1-3 de abril 2014.

98

LT5: Advanced architecture

References D1. National and international reference groups.

1. The Berlage Center for Advanced Studies in Architecture and Urban Design: http://www.theberlage.nl/ 2. Programa de Investigación de la Escuela de arquitectura de Delft: http://www.bk.tudelft.nl/ 3. Escuela de Arquitectura del Politécnico de Milán: http://www.dastu.polimi.it/index.php?id=44&L=a%253benv 4. IAAC (Institute of Advanced Architecture in Catalunya): http://www.iaac.net/ The Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia is a cutting edge education and research centre dedicated to the development of architecture capable of meeting the worldwide challenges regarding the construction of habitability in the early 21st century.

Based in the 22@ district of Barcelona, one of the world’s capitals of architecture and urbanism, IAAC is a platform for the exchange of knowledge with faculty and students from over 35 countries, including USA, China, India, Poland, Italy, Mexico and Sudan.

Students work simultaneously on multiple scales (city, building, manufacturing) and in different areas of expertise (ecology, energy, digital manufacturing, new technologies), pursuing their own lines of investigation towards the development of an integrated set of skills with which to act effectively in their home country or globally.

5. Research line L03 procesos de innovación tecnológica en arquitectura del MAAPETSAM: http://innovacion.masterproyectos.com/ The LAB3 will focus on the influence of new information and communication technologies in the process of architectural design. While many people feel that the new ICTs equip architects with new tools for improving current drafting methods, many others believe that the path of modern architecture is coming to an end and that the information society now demands new structures and other rules for performing an activity that is under review.

The extraordinary progress experienced in the processing and transmission of information and the incorporation of new ICTs into production processes facilitates improving the reading of the environment, increasing the number of indicators in the

99

PhD Programme in Architecture planning and development of projects, associating the project parameters with those of robotised production, or simply contracting the execution thereof through the network.

In addition, some foresee an imminent change in the perception of architecture, as in the Gestalt experiment in which the silhouette of a cup becomes two faces depending on how you look at it, a change which highlights a new paradigm that cannot be appreciated without a certain degree of training in architecture for the information society, which deactivates the categories of modern architecture still in force.

Other international teams we collaborated with: 6. Colleage of Environmental Design, Cal Poly Pomona, Los Angeles.

Relationship with IUACC researchers: Collaborating in the “Technology and Environment: the Postwar House in Southern California� exhibit in Los Angeles, Seville, and Madrid.

7. Facultade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Universidade Federal da Bahia.

9. Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia University, New York.

Related Postgraduate Courses: 1. Master in Advanced Architecture, del IAAC http://www.iaac.net/educational-programs/master-in-advanced-architecture-2 The Master in Advanced Architecture emerges as an innovative educational format that offers interdisciplinary skills and understanding through the researching of territorial, architectural and parametric design operations for the production of Selfsufficient Habitats. Proposing a dynamic, customized structure, the Institute gives students the opportunity to create single or multi-scalar Studio agendas based on their academic interests within the program. In this way, the IAAC puts together an experimental and learning environment for the training of architects with both theoretical and practical responses to the increasing complexity of contemporary urban environments, economic forces, information flows, fast-growing cities and massive energy consumption and waste production.

The Self-sufficiency Agenda - central to all research lines developed in IAAC establishes the responsibility for confronting the process of global urbanization from multi-scalar operations and through prototypes that promote environmental, economic and socialsustainability.

100

LT5: Advanced architecture Research Lines: Intelligent Cities Self Sufficient Buildings Digital Matter Design With Nature Advanced Interaction 2. Master en Proyectos ArquitectĂłnicos Avanzados, ETSA, UPM: http://masterproyectos.com/ “...the social need for a Research Master in Advanced Architectural Design Projects arises from the obvious requirement for continued research into new social and pedagogical demands that make possible new design strategies and construction technologies, based on achieving greater efficiency and competitivenessâ€?.

3. Master in Design for Work, Retail and Learning Environments: http://www.ie.edu/es/escuela-arquitectura-diseno/programas/post-grado/masterdiseno-espacio-trabajo-tiendas-educacion.

The Master in Design for Work, Retail and Learning Environments is an innovative post-professional programme that addresses the changes that are occurring in the field of business and educational spaces.

There are new realities in the way in which we work, shop and study: technology, increased competition, new forms of communication and cooperation, globalisation, sociological changes, sustainability ...are some of the factors to consider.

The Master in Design for Work, Retail and Learning Environments is designed to provide students with the skills and knowledge needed to address the new challenges that are emerging in the context of these 3 types of spaces that shape the future of our society.

Multidisciplinary perspective The programme offers a wide range of approaches to designing workspaces for students to expand their knowledge in these three key areas: The business/entrepreneurial approach: covers aspects related to corporate identity, branding and productivity.

101

PhD Programme in Architecture The technological approach: takes into account the latest advances in engineering, pre-fabricated design and digital environments.

The social approach: special attention is paid to the relational sciences and research techniques in order to experience design by construing the workspace as a social transformer..

Practical experience in design The Master integrates design goals, user needs and business culture through a series of Design Labs and Design Studios. It is a practice-oriented programme that allows students to apply their knowledge and strategies to real environments.

Sustainability and social responsibility The environmental and social impact is critical in each of the subjects of this Master’s degree. Students will learn how the design decisions they take are related to these issues and how they should consider both their responsibility and positive opportunities.

4. The Master of Science degree in Advanced Architectural Design. Columbia University: http://www.arch.columbia.edu/programs/architecture/adv-architectural-design-new-york Is a three-term program consisting of summer, autumn, and spring terms. The objective of the program is to provide outstanding young professionals who hold a Bachelor of Architecture or Master of Architecture degree the opportunity to enter into an intensive, postgraduate study that encourages critical thought in the context of design speculation. The program is viewed as a framework in which both academic and professional concerns are explored. Overall, the program emphasizes an experimental approach to research and architectural design rigorously grounded in multiple, complex realities. Specifically, the program seeks to: 1. Address the challenges and possibilities of global urbanization by exploring the city— and its architecture—in all its forms.

2. Engage in a complex definition of architecture, from the questioning of the program to the formulation of design strategies.

3. Produce architectural objects—both digital and physical—which reflect an open, critical engagement both with new and existing technologies.

102

LT5: Advanced architecture 4. Articulate architecture as a cultural practice that combines critical thought, design experimentation, and ethical responsibilities in an interdisciplinary milieu.

5. Activate a wide debate on the contemporary conditions that critically affect the course of the discipline and the profession.

The program brings together a set of required studios with elective courses that are shared with other programs in the School and that promote intellectual crossfertilization among disciplines. A required lecture course on the twentieth-century city and on contemporary architectural theory, exclusive to the program, provides grounding for disciplinary exploration in the studio. The advanced studios frequently utilize New York as a design laboratory—a global city that presents both unique challenges and unique opportunities. The program has long been a site for architects from around the globe to test concepts and confront changes that affect architecture and cities worldwide.

5. Máster Universitario en Arquitectura Avanzada, Paisaje, Urbanismo y Diseño. UPV: http://www.upv.es/titulaciones/MUAAPUD/info/813890normalc.html The Máster Universitario en Arquitectura Avanzada, Paisaje, Urbanismo y Diseño has the main aim of providing today’s architects, future graduates in architecture and other technicians who require it, a specialised complementary training that enables them to work professionally according to two basic principles: • The sustainability inherent to any proposal of an advanced nature that may arise today in the field of architecture, urban planning, territory, landscape and design, as well as all those technologies that make their materialisation possible.

• The efficient management of these proposals in all their phases, with an holistic approach based on the concept of project management that considers the issues from the conception of the idea to its final realisation.

In addition, given the multidisciplinary character of architecture and urban planning, and given the wide range of interventions covered, this Master arises to tackle four lines or areas of expertise: • • • •

Urban Planning, Territory and Landscape Architecture and Sustainable Habitat Interior Architecture Design and Micro-Architecture Advanced Technology in Architecture and Urban Planning

103

PhD Programme in Architecture 6. Máster Universitario en Técnicas Avanzadas en Proyectos Arquitectónicos de la Universidad Europea: http://madrid.universidadeuropea.es/estudios-universitarios/master-universitario-entecnicas-avanzadas-en-proyectos-arquitectonicos 7. Título de Postgrado Experto en Arquitectura Avanzada-MArch, de la Universidad Europea de Valencia: http://www.coaib.es/Escuela/cursos/ficha.aspx?ID=670&Coaib=N The post-graduate programme in Advanced Architecture provides career opportunities in Architecture for two specific types of people: newly-qualified graduates and professionals with work experience.

Currently, newly-qualified graduates have three possibilities: self-employment, salaried work for others or specialisation. The post-graduate course makes it possible to learn and master a working method and compare it with different systems and models of successful studies, so that they can apply this knowledge in their future career.

For professionals with work experience, the course makes it possible to find new career opportunities through a type of learning in which professional skills are trained in another manner in order to apply them to other business models in new ways.

8. Máster Universitario en Investigación y Formación Avanzada en Arquitectura.

Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura. Los retos del presente Y Del Futuro: http://etsa.usj.es/en/posgrados/m-ster-en-investigaci-n-y-formaci-n-avanzada-enarquitectura

D2. Reference journals and publications to disseminate the current research.

1. ARQ, Chile (http://www.edicionesarq.cl) 2. Architectural Theory Review.

3. Revista INVI (http://revistainvi.uchile.cl/) 4. Scripta Nova: revista electrónica de geografía y ciencias sociales 5. Perspecta: the Yale architectural journal 6. Regional studies 7. Lotus international : rivista trimestrale di architettura 8. Journal of asian architecture and building engineering 9. Housing, theory, and society

104

LT5: Advanced architecture 10. Habitat internacional 11. Future Anterior: Journal of Historic Preservation history, theory and criticism 12. European urban and regional studies 13. EURE. Revista latinoamericana de estudios urbano regionales 14. EGA: revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 15. Domus 16. Documentos de Arquitectura 17. Docomomo journal 18. DC: Revista de Crítica Arquitectónica 19. El Croquis de arquitectura y de diseño 20. City, culture and society 21. City & community 22. Casabella : rivista di architettura e urbanistica 23. AV: monografías de Arquitectura y Vivienda 24. Informes de la Construcción 25. Revista 180 26. Disegnare Idee Imagini 27. RA. Revista de Arquitectura 28. Arquitectura, COAM Madrid (http://www.revistaarquitectura.com) 29. Revista PPA, Proyecto, progreso, Arquitectura (http://proyectoprogresoarquitectura.wordpress.com) 30. Revista RITA Revista indexada de textos académicos) publicación semestral, iniciativa de redfundamentos S. L., que pretende convertirse en la revista asociada a las más importantes Escuelas de Arquitectura de España e Iberoamérica. (http://www.redfundamentos.com/) 31. Revista Márgenes. Espacio, Arte, Sociedad, de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Valparaíso (http://revistamargenes.weebly.com/)

105

SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREA

SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREA 1 (LE1) Geotechnics and Earthquake Engineering [Coordinator: Antonio Jaramillo]

Contents and methodology A1. Introduction to the Research Area The Earth, conceived not just as a support for the layout work, but also as a construction material, is an essential factor to consider in architectural and engineering work. A better conception of its behaviour permits certain companies to tackle the issue with greater security, and with more efficient, sustainable and creative solutions. The technological and digital advances currently being achieved provide multiple innovation paths for geotechnics as a discipline. It is because of this that the Specific Research Area 1 of the PhD in Architecture Programme entitled “Geotechnics and Earthquake Engineering� is committed to developing research projects that take into consideration the aforementioned factors.

The importance of the new developments proposed in this field of research resides in a number of factors, amongst which special mention should be made to the responsibility of technicians regarding damage to buildings with causes created by the ground. The need to develop efficient strategies that permit the creation of quality documentation relating to this factor is becoming increasingly pressing.

In turn, there are a number of natural disasters in which the soil appears as a factor to take into account: the existence of landslides and floods and even ground contamination are macroscopic phenomena that condition the destination of towns for years. Within the problem outlined this line of research pays particular attention to seismic movements.

109

PhD Programme in Architecture Following an earthquake, it is not possible to recover human life, architectural property or the cultural heritage within it. Therefore, it must be a challenge for researchers to develop new strategies that favour the conservation of life, housing, infrastructure, equipment, monuments and their content for future generations. The more time that goes by without an earthquake of a moderate or high magnitude being registered, the closer we are to one occurring.

Considering that seismic action is dynamic, the behaviour of existing structures in the presence of such actions leads to the estimation of the effect the action of an earthquake has on them, analysing the level of damage to be expected and the deterioration of the capacity of the original structure to withstand this type of force. Thus, the concern for damage to existing buildings and infrastructures has created a framework in which the technical inspection of these elements arises as a fundamental instrument that provides the necessary knowledge to intervene in their conservation and maintenance. This implies the necessary undertaking of in situ tests, especially non-destructive ones which characterise the state of the structure and determine the proposals for the most suitable action for its repair and strengthening.

From the point of view of design for the protection and restoration of structures both in terms of existing building and engineering exposed to this type of dynamic action, an in situ dynamic analysis of the structural rigidness is proposed, a method which allows constructive recommendations and specific solutions for interventions of repair and strengthening to be provided a priori, for the prediction of future damage. Furthermore, the study of the good structural behaviour of these types of structures allows us to advance and implement new design models applicable in newly built structures and infrastructures that take into account the existence of this type of action, thus adjusting to the existing seismic regulation.

In addition, it is necessary to add another more active dimension to the preventative one on which multiple research efforts are focused, related to the reparation of damage caused in foundations and containment structures. For this objective it is necessary to have a correct assessment of damages caused via the study of the causes and their origin (in the design, in the execution, changes in the environment, generalised problems). In turn the monitoring of damage evolution is needed, as well as the safety of the different elements that comprise the building. Along this area of research, the main studies should materialise themselves in the analysis of innovating solutions for repair and underpinning, which should include the corresponding controls and tests.

110

LE1: Geotechnics and earthquake engineering

A.2. Main contents The LE1 of The University of Seville PhD in Architecture Programme hereby develops research strategies aimed at promoting the study at different levels of the influence of ground characteristics in architectural buildings and civil works. In this sense, attention is given both to the analysis of pre-existing elements and the design of new paradigms in the field of geotechnical production: -­ Study of building pathologies originating in the ground: causes, evolution, importance.

Control and evaluation systems.

-­ Foundation underpinning solutions: surface underpinning, micropilots, injections, jetgrouting. Repair of containment structures and walls.

-­ Action and influence of the seismic action on new building and civil works projects.

Study on risk of disasters on constructed buildings and infrastructures.

-­ Analysis of action protocols for natural disasters deriving from the behaviour of the ground: landslides, earthquakes and floods. ­- Calculation of underground works.

-­ Sustainable use of resources provided by the ground via the application of geothermal energy to developed projects. ­- Environmentally-friendly containment structures.

A.3. Methodology For the development of the research proposed different working methods are considered: -­ Monitoring of pre-existing buildings and infrastructures for the control and assessment of their structural behaviour: settlement, collapses, distortions, structural rigidity.

-­ Carrying out of non-destructive tests on buildings constructed on a specific soil: laser level, accelerogram, thermal camera.

-­ Analysis of outside influence in pre-existences via the measuring of environmental vibrations.

111

PhD Programme in Architecture ­- Management and interpretation of the data obtained via monitoring and fieldwork.

-­ Numerical methods of calculation and creation of analytical models via specific computer programs.

-­ Use of alternative materials and techniques in the treatment and improvement of the ground and its topography.

-­ Use of Geographical Information Systems for the development of the environmental risk analysis.

-­ Creation of themed cartography and seismic microzonation maps for the study of building types.

A.4. Present challenges and Horizon 2020 Amongst the greatest concerns and challenges set out by the Europe 2020 strategy, the proposals from this area of research classify activities relating to innovation, the carrying out of pilot exercises, demonstrations, and test beds.

The research proposed in this area can be integrated in the fourth thematic priority of the societal challenges of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (challenge 4) related to “Smart, green and integrated transport”, and the fifth priority (challenge 5), associated with “Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials”.

How this Research Area fits into the PhD Programme This LE1 “Geotechnics and Earthquake Engineering” is linkable to other crossdisciplinary areas of the PhD in Architecture Programme via the following concepts: - LT1: Desing, Construction, Building Commissioning, and Maintenance. The nature of the ground could be a determining factor in the making of decisions that may be significant in any of the stages of the project.

- LT2: Heritage, Restoration, and Obsolescence in Architecture and Urban Planning.

Preventive conservation work on a building of cultural significance requires documentation relating to the main characteristics of the ground on which it is positioned. The need for intervention work on a building of cultural significance

112

LE1: Geotechnics and earthquake engineering implies its comprehensive documentation, with the possibility of the requirement of strengthening or underpinning works.

- LT3: City, Territory and Landscape. The environmental risks that certain territorial entities are submitted to may become critical in determining urban planning decisions relating to classification. In turn, the geological configuration of an environmental unit has a direct effect on its effect on the landscape. In addition to these cross-cutting areas, the LE1 area of research is strongly related to the following specific area, to which its professors also belong: - LE2. Structures in Building and Civil Engineering. The intrinsic relationship produced between the structural elements of a building with its foundation and containment elements is expressed in a group of common interactions with the adjacent ground.

The nature and magnitude of these can cause effects on the other adjoining elements and require specific studies depending on the case in question.

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LE1 C.1. Research projects on which we participate.

1. Seismic Standard. Prior analysis and restoration as a result of damage to existing buildings and infrastructures.

Funding Body: Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. Convocatoria contratos I+D+i. Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía 2012-2013.

Starting date: 15/11/2013. Finishing date: 30/06/2015.

Main Researcher: Antonio Jaramillo Morilla.

Researchers: José María Sánchez Langeber, Rocío Romero Hernández, Cristina Soriano Cuesta, Jonathan Ruiz Jaramillo, Emilio José Mascort Albea.

Abstract: The project has the following objectives: (1) Determining the degree of conservation of buildings and infrastructure, especially those of an economic nature. (2) Creating a specific inspection plan for buildings and infrastructures, which considers the realisation of specific non-destructive testing to provide information on their degree of conservation. (3) Establishing a safety index of the existing buildings and infrastructures with a view to dynamic actions. (4) Development of innovative solutions for structural reinforcement of existing structures with a view to dynamic actions in order to increase safety in case of earthquakes.

113

PhD Programme in Architecture (5) Implementation of a specific seismic regulation to be applied in the case of existing buildings and infrastructure to establish a clear procedure for the inspection, evaluation and strengthening of existing structures. This specific regulation may be a separate document or an appendix to the existing regulation NCSE-02.

2. Strength and sustainability of hollow pre-cast piles lengthened with a micropile, under horizontal and vertical loads. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (GGI3001DIP). Entidades financiadoras: Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. Programa: Convocatoria contratos I+D+i. Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía 2012¬2013.

Duration : 15/11/2013 a 31/12/2014.

Main Researcher: Percy Durand Neyra.

Researchers: Juan Diego Bauza Castelló, Enrique Justo Moscardo; Antonio Morales Esteban.

Abstract: Structures of all kinds should maintain their physical integrity in order to comply with the functions for which they were projected. It is therefore essential that they behave satisfactorily when faced with the stresses to which they are subjected throughout their life. These stresses consist of horizontal or vertical, static or dynamic, permanent or accidental loads. All these loads are transmitted from the structure to the foundations and from there to the ground. We propose a new large hollow pile with a micropile, which is considered unprecedented as regards pre-cast piles and may be related to the Construction and maintenance of transport infrastructures, and with the development of studies and research related to “sustainable construction”, as a strategic line defined by the PAIDI (Plan Andaluz de Investigación y Desarrollo e Innovación) in the sphere of competences of the Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda.

Site link: http://www.aopandalucia.es/inetfiles/agencia_innovacion_ estructura/2312014125434.pdf

C.2. PhD theses.

1. Cano Marín, Rubén Darío (2014). Analysis of the stability of concrete structures subject to differential movements. Director: Jaramillo Morilla, Antonio. September 2014.

2. Vázquez Boza, Manuel (2014). Volumetric behaviour of the blue marl of Guadalquivir in the case of suction changes. Directors: Durand Neyra, Percy; Justo Alpañés, José Luis. Jule 2014.

114

LE1: Geotechnics and earthquake engineering Abstract: The Blue Marl of the Guadalquivir’smost characteristic geotechnical property is a high degree of brittleness, an ability to break with very small deformations, and great changeability in the face of variations in humidity. In recent times, several geotechnical incidents have occurred, among which are the failure of the tailings dam Los Frailes, in Aznalcollar, which caused one of the biggest environmental disasters of the Península Ibérica. This fact has led to several questions: Has the Blue Marl of the Guadalquivir been properly characterised geotechnically? Are we able to predict its behaviour to changes in humidity? and if so, what is the process that initiates and produces the breaking of the material?

This PhD Thesis focuses on resolving and clarifying these three questions by relying on an extensive experimental campaign of laboratory testing.

3. Dávila Martín, José Miguel (2014). The use of expanded polystyrene in geotechnical works. Directors: Jaramillo Morilla, Antonio; Rodríguez Liñán, Carmen. Mars 2014.

4. Arozamena Cagigal, Pedro (2013). Behaviour of the ground during the construction works on Line 1 of Metro de Sevilla in the tunnel sections between screens and the underground stations. Directors: Jaramillo Morilla, Antonio; Oteo Mazo, Carlos. Mars 2013.

Abstract: This research presents an abacus with the values of the horizontal ballast coefficient for the calculation of screens in Sevilla. These values are extrapolated from the actual behaviour of the screens during construction, measured with inclinometers, during the various excavation stages. An initial preliminary analysis is performed using the Plaxis, Rido and Cype calculation programmes, and the ballast coefficient values of Chadeisson. The comparison and discussion of the results leads us to conclude that the usual calculations with Rido and Cype are not reliable for accurately predicting the actual behaviour of the screens. Therefore, a parametric analysis is performed by varying the ballast coefficient values, until those that best reproduce the measurements are achieved.

The results achieved are summarised in the form of an abacus so that what has been learned from experience can be applied in future work.

5. Ruiz Jaramillo, Jonathan (2012). Seismic behaviour of historic buildings. The Mudejar churches of Sevilla. Focus Abengoa Prize for the best doctoral thesis on a topic related to Sevilla. Director: Jaramillo Morilla, Antonio. December 2012.

Abstract: High intensity seismic events highlight the particular impact of these actions on the destruction of national heritage buildings. Mudejar architecture has been analysed from the standpoint of its structural behaviour in seismic events, in an attempt to verify the response of these buildings to earthquakes.

115

PhD Programme in Architecture It proposes a dynamic in situ analysis of the structural rigidity for the seismic design, protection and restoration of the existing structures. This method seeks to obtain knowledge of the building, which contributes to restoration works by proposing specific construction solutions according to the technical features of each building.

6. Crespo Díaz-Velarde, Luis José (2012). Study of the behaviour of piled slabs versus a strategic distribution of piles. Director: Jaramillo Morilla, Antonio. April 2012.

Abstract: Comparison of stress-strain behaviour between solid slabs and slabs lightened through EPS. 7.0 Elisa Maria Jesus Da Silva (2013). Consolidation of soft soils in the presence of band drains. Director: Percy Durand Neyra. October 2013.

Abstract: The consolidation of soft soil treated with vertical band-shaped drains is the central core of this thesis, which involved a good deal of research, balanced by theoretical and experimental aspects, but standing on a plateau of predominantly practical nature. The theoretical component is essential to understand the phenomena covered on the research study, which is manly oriented for the analysis of test results, monitoring data and numerical simulations. The experimental component is associated with the study and analysis of Dikes No.1 and No.3 of the Lebrija Pond, being this an interesting work case and worthy of a more in depth study, not only because these dikes are founded in soft soil improved with vertical band-shaped drains, but mostly because of the abundance and diversity of information available. This information includes the results of site investigation, field and laboratory tests, in order to characterize the soils foundation, as well as a significant quantity of monitoring data. In fact, these dikes are controlled since the beginning of their construction, in mid-2000.

C.3. Selection of 10 research publications.

1. Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Escrig-Pallares, J.F., Rodríguez-León, M.T. (2014). Reciprocal Tree-Like Fractal Structures. Nexus Network Journal vol. 16 nº 1, 135-150, doi: 10.1007/s00004-014-0182-z. JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 0.159. History & Philosophy of Science: Q4 (52/56).

2. Cano-Marín, R.D., Jaramillo-Morilla, A., Bernal-Serrano, F.J., Moreno-Rangel, D. (2014). Un estudio de caso: Rehabilitación singular de edificios de viviendas en la

116

LE1: Geotechnics and earthquake engineering barriada del Parque Alcosa, análisis de daños constructivos comunes y propuesta de intervención. Informes de la Construcción vol. 66 nº 534, 1-10, doi: 10.3989/ic.12.112 JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 0.254. Construction & Building Technology: Q4 (52/58).

3. Justo-Alpañés, J.L., Castro, D., Azañón-Hernandez, J.M., Saura-Martínez, J., DurandNeyra, P., et. al. (2013). Environmental and mechanical aspects of an anchored mesh for stabilisation of a cliff at La Alhambra. Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment (Print), 1-19, doi: 10.1007/s10064-013-0507-2.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 0.721. Engineering, Geological: Q3 (23/33).

4. Hattori-da Silva, G., Sáez-Pérez, A. (2013). Crack identification in magnetoelectroelastic materials using neural networks, self-organizing algorithms and boundary element method. Computers & structures vol. 125, 187-199, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2013.05.005.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 2.178. Engineering, Civil: Q1 (14/124).

5. Reyes, J., Morales-Esteban, A., Martínez-Álvarez, F. (2013). Neural networks to predict earthquakes in Chile. Applied soft computing vol. 13, 1314-1328, doi: 10.1016/j. asoc.2012.10.014 JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 2.679. Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications: Q1 (14/102).

6. Hattori-da Silva, G., Sáez-Pérez, A. (2013). Damage identification in multifield materials using neural networks. Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering vol. 21 nº 6, 929-944, doi: 10.1080/17415977.2013.792079.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor:0.800. Engineering, Multidisciplinary: Q3 (49/87).

7. Morales-Esteban, A., Justo-Alpañés, J.L., Martínez-Álvarez, F., Azañón-Hernandez, J.M. (2012). Probabilistic method to select calculation accelerograms based on uniforma seismic hazard acceleration response spectra. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering nº 43, 174-185, doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.07.003.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 1.302. Engineering, Geological: Q2 (14/33).

8. Escrig-Pallares, J.F., Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Ponce-Ortiz de Insagurbe, M. (2012).

Roofing a multifunctional outdoor court with four hypar fabric structure. Informes de la construcción vol. 64 nº 528, 437-444, doi: 10.3989/ic.11.124 JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 0.254. Construction & Building Technology: Q4 (52/58).

9. Pineda-Palomo, P., Robador-González, M.D., Gil-Marti, M.A., Pérez-Rodríguez, J.L. (2013). Characterization and repair measures of the medieval building materials of a

117

PhD Programme in Architecture Hispanic-Islamic construction. Construction and Building Materials nº 41, 612-633, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.12.034.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 2.265. Construction & Building Technology: Q1 (7/58).

10. Morales-Esteban, A., Martínez-Álvarez, F., Reyes, J. (2013). Earthquake prediction in seismogenic areas of the Iberian Peninsula based on computational intelligence.

Tectonophysics vol. 593, 121-134, doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.02.036 JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: Geochemistry & Geophysics: Q1 (18/80).

References D.1. National and international reference groups.

1. Universidad de Sevilla, Grupo TEP-018: Ingeniería del Terreno (main researcher: Antonio Jaramillo Morilla).

2. Universidad de Sevilla, Grupo TEP-107: Estructuras y Geotecnia (main researcher: Percy Durand Neyra).

3. Universidad de Granada, Grupo RNM-121: (main researcher: José Chacón Montero).

4. Università degli Studi dell´Aquila (Italia). Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile Architettura, Ambientale. Main Researcher: Gianfranco Totani

D.2. Reference journals and publications to disseminate the current research 1. Construction and Building Materials.

JCR [2013]: Construction & Building Technology: Q1 (7/58).

2. Tectonophysics. JCR [2013]: Geochemistry & Geophysics: Q1 (18/80).

3. Applied soft computing.

JCR [2013]: Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications: Q1 (14/102).

4. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor [FI]: 1.302. Engineering, Geological: Q2 (14/33).

5. Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor [FI]: 0.800. Engineering, Multidisciplinary: Q3 (49/87).

118

LE1: Geotechnics and earthquake engineering

6. Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor [FI]: 0.721. Engineering, Geological: Q3 (23/33).

7. Informes de la Construcci贸n.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor [FI]: 0.254. Construction & Building Technology: Q4 (52/58).

8. Nexus Network Journal.

JCR [2013]: History & Philosophy of Science: Q4 (52/56).

119

SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREA 2 (LE2) Structures in Building and Civil Engineering [Coordinators: Narciso Vรกzquez y Paloma Pineda]

Contents and methodology A1. Introduction to the Research Area The specific LE2 area of the PhD Program in Architecture of the University of Seville is focused on research into architectural and civil works structures. The developed research has the common nexus of innovation and development within in the structural field, with special emphasis on safety, sustainability, heritage preservation, new forms finding and the corroboration of the structure/foundation as inseparable part of architectural reality.

Amongst the competencies that the PhD student will acquire, attention should be drawn to the following: design techniques, calculation, assessment and structural verification; application and innovation of mathematical modelling techniques, computation and numerical simulation; application and innovation in analytical procedures; and application and innovation of experimental procedures.

The training in this area generates creates researchers and experts in the field of architectural and civil structures, in structural materials, building procedures, being primordial objectives both in the development of research into quality and in the technological and regulatory innovation in advanced professional practice.

A2. Main contents The main contents of the LE2 Research Area are as follows: - Geographical Information Systems.

- Partially Saturated Soils.

- Analysis of Composites in New Technological and Energy Structures in Architecture and Urban Planning.

- Architectural Composites and Technologies - Expansive Clays

121

PhD Programme in Architecture - Teaching Innovation in Structures - Reptation in Granular Materials - Seismic Hazard in Western Andalusia - Pilots on Elastic Soil - Development of a Finite Element Technique for Soils. ÂŹ - Embankments on Soft Ground - Light Structures.

- Restoration and Use of Heritage.

- IT Applied to Architecture.

- Structural Concrete for Singular Solutions.

- Nonlinear Structural Dynamics.

- Seismic characterisation of historical heritage structures.

- Experimental and numerical techniques for the restoration and strengthening of structures.

- Study of historical and singular structures.

A3. Methodology The research carried out in the LE2 area is supported by the application of various methods, amongst which the following are highlighted: - Development, implementation and application of analytical and numerical methods (Boundary Element Method, Finite Element Method, probabilistic and deterministic procedures), to the study, characterisation, strengthening, repair and design of structures and foundations.

- Development, standardisation and application of experimental methods (mechanical tests, non-destructive tests, dynamic tests, operational modal analysis).

- Using a combined qualitative-quantitative analysis to apply case studies and programme evaluation theory to the innovation of teaching structures.

A4. Present challenges and Horizon 2020 The main challenges of this Research Area at present are innovation in the application of analytical, numerical and experimental methods of the study, characterisation, strengthening, repair and design of structures and foundations, and the application of experimental, analytical and numerical methods in seismic engineering. The research developed in the LE2 line coincides with strategies and objectives defined in the three fundamental pillars of the 2020 Horizon programme: excellent science, industrial leadership and societal challenges.

122

LE2: Structures in building and civil engineering One of the main objectives defined within the Excellent Science section is to provide Europe with first class research infrastructures, to which all researchers have access.

Efforts are being made along this area regarding the development and consolidation of research infrastructures on a European-wide basis.

Regarding Industrial Leadership, the area of research coincides with the guidelines set out in the section Leadership in Enabling and Industrial Technologies, especially in matters relating to process of standardisation and certification in procedures of design, review and assessment of the safety of structures and foundations. In addition, area researchers have developed and are developing patents that, coinciding with the indications of the Horizon 2020 Programme, offer results for implementing in multiple sectors, industries and services.

The priority actions and strategies of the area coincide with the objectives defined in the fifth priority topic of the Societal Challenges: “Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials�, especially in matters concerning the determination of the levels of capacity for recovering Heritage via observations, monitoring and creating models and the achievement of a better understanding of the way in which communities perceive seismic risks and their reaction to these.

How this Research Area fits into PhD programme Given the multidisciplinary nature of its research, the LE2 area presents a direct link with the following cross-disciplinary and specific programme areas: LE1 Geotechnics and Earthquake Engineering: research into overall safety of foundations and structures, connected repair and strengthening techniques, integrated seismic hazard studies.

LE3 Building Materials and Technologies. Sustainable Building: numerical modelling and characterisation of structural materials, development of test techniques, analytical and experimental study of new strengthening materials, recovery of structural materials from architectural heritage.

LE6 History of Architecture and Architectural Theory: Cultural Studies, Social Management and Creative City, and LT2 Heritage, Restoration, and Obsolescence in Architecture and Urban Planning: study, assessment, consolidation and preservation of architectural heritage structures.

123

PhD Programme in Architecture LE8 Architecture in the Contemporary Reality, LT4 Contemporary Housing and Habitat: the structure as an integral part of the architectural project, search for new structural forms.

LT1 Design, Construction, Building Commissioning and Maintenance: development of procedures of standardisation and certification in the design, review and assessment of the safety of structures and foundations. Innovation in techniques of implementation and maintenance of structures and foundations.

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LE2 C1. Research projects on which we participate.

1.0 Dry closing of ore tailing dams.

Funding Body: Ministerio de Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Plan Nacional I+D (ref: BIA 2010-20377).

Starting date: 01/01/2011 Finishing date: 31/12/2014.

Main Researcher: Percy Durand.

Abstract: A mechanical model is presented that reproduces all the operations necessary for the dry closure of the Almagrera dam with a heightof 37.34 m. These operations entail the placement of other materials on the residues, their liquefaction and systems for accelerating settlement. Under Spanish law decommissioning operations must meet certain safety conditions. In order to calculate the safety coefficient, limit equilibrium and finite element methods have been used. After studying the measurements provided by the instrumentation placed and the testing performed, the mechanical model used for the decommissioning of the dam is checked and corrected. A conclusion is reached on the basis of the stability studies performed regarding the need to place a breakwater reinforcement on the dam wall downstream from the dam.

2.0The Grout Injectionas Strengthening Method of Masonry Structures.

Funding Body: Junta de Andalucía. Proyecto de Promoción General del Conocimiento y Proyectos Motrices e Innovación.

Starting date: 30/01/2014. Finishing date: 29/01/2017.

Main Researcher: Marta Molina Huelva.

124

LE2: Structures in building and civil engineering Abstract: The research project provides a study on consolidation of structures by means of grout injection. The method, whichis suitable for heritage buildings, is a technique both sustainable and economically efficient, that allowsto restore and maintain historicalmasonry buildings.

3.0Characterisation of the resistance and volume changes ofthe Guadalquivir blue marls: suction effects.

Funding Body: Junta de Andalucía. Proyecto de Excelencia. (ref: TEP 6632).

Starting date: 15/03/2011. Finishing date: 15/03/2015.

Main Researcher: Percy Durand.

Abstract: The tertiary overconsolidated clays that are characterised by a brittle and quick breakage, a medium to high plasticity index, andimportant plastic deformation, have caused many important geotechnical accidents and environmental disasters. The most important was the mudslide of Aznalcóllar,which caused the rupture of a tailings dam (Presa de los Frailes). In Spain these clays are concentrated in tertiary basins where in many cases they coincide with areas where there isa greater risk of expansiveness, cracking, etc. As there are no comprehensive studies to address the above features for brittle clays when major changes in suction occur, the research group TEP 107 proposes a model of resistant behaviour that includes a criterion of brittle fracture and fills a gap in the understanding of overconsolidated clays.

C2. PhD theses.

1.0 Structural analysis of the gates of the Sevilla Fair: sizing, experimental validation and optimisation. Author: Rodríguez León, María Teresa. Directors: José Félix Escrig Pallarés, José Sánchez Sánchez. June 2014 Abstract: The entrance gates of the Feria de Sevilla are a key element of the Seville holiday tradition. Their construction has also been modified over the years, having today become a tubular metal structure covered in brightly coloured wooden planks, braced by wires for stabilisation due to their considerable height.

From the structural point of view, this paper attempts to perform an analysis that is appropriate for such a construction, to facilitate its optimisation, which must obviously translate into a reduction of their economic budget. To validate the analysis model initially proposed, we have carried out a series of experimental tests which confirm the established preliminary hypotheses. However, the real interest of this study is not only a budgetary reduction in the execution of the Fair entrance gate, but rather it attempts to go further and draw a number of

125

PhD Programme in Architecture conclusions regarding the validation of the analysis model that may be applied to other structures of a similar nature, in particular reciprocal or networked structures, a field of application that today has been largely studied from a theoretical point of view, but where there are still large uncertainties when creating numerical models.

2.0The Volumetric Behaviour of Blue Marl in the Guadalquivir River in Response to Suction Changes. Author: Manuel Vázquez Boza. Defense date: July 2014.

Supervisors: Dr. José Luis de Justo Alpañés and Dr. Percy Durand Neyra.

Abstract: The most characteristic geotechnical properties of the blue marl in the Guadalquivir River are its high degree of fragility, its tendency to begin breaking down as a result of minor deformations, and its high level of alterability when exposed to changes in moisture levels. There have been several geotechnical accidents in recent times, though one stands out above the rest: the tailings dam failure at Los Frailes mine in Aznalcóllar, which became one of the Iberian Peninsula’s greatest environmental disasters. This event raises several questions: Are the geotechnical characteristics of the Guadalquivir River’s blue marl well known? Are we able to predict its behaviour when it is exposed to changes in moisture levels?

And if so, through what process does this material break down? This doctoral thesis focuses on addressing and resolving these three questions through extensive laboratory testing.

3.0Consolidation of soft soils in the presence of band drains. Author: Elisa Maria Jesus Da Silva. Director: Percy Durand Neyra. October 2013.

Abstract: The consolidation of soft soil treated with vertical band-shaped drains is the central core of this thesis, which involved a good deal of research, balanced by theoretical and experimental aspects, but standing on a plateau of predominantly practical nature. The theoretical component is essential to understand the phenomena covered on the research study, which is manly oriented for the analysis of test results, monitoring data and numerical simulations. The experimental component is associated with the study and analysis of Dikes No.1 and No.3 of the Lebrija Pond, being this an interesting work case and worthy of a more in depth study, not only because these dikes are founded in soft soil improved with vertical band-shaped drains, but mostly because of the abundance and diversity of information available. This information includes the results of site investigation, field and laboratory tests, in order to characterize the soils foundation, as well as a significant quantity of monitoring data. In fact, these dikes are controlled since the beginning of their construction, in mid-2000.

126

LE2: Structures in building and civil engineering 4. Design and Assessment of a Program to Learn Architectural Structures by means of PBL. Author: Enrique de Justo Moscardó. July 2013. Advisors: Antonio Delgado Trujillo y Víctor Álvarez Rojo.

Abstract: This research is a case study that analyses the design and implementation of a program to learn Architectural Structures by means of the method of problem-based learning. The main objective is to understand PBL process in all its complexity, including systematic evaluation of the program in all the phases, by qualitative and quantitative methods. The obtained results allow to establishimplications on the validity of PBL, as learning methodin technical disciplines. The results also provide useful information for the adaptation of PBL to thosesubjects, including an analysis of the main associate difficulties and of the mechanisms to overcome them.

C3. Selection of 10 research publications 1. Pérez de Lama, J., Lara, A. J., Vázquez, N.J. (2014). Yes, we are open! Fabricación digital, tecnologías y culturas libres. Editores: Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Sevilla. Universidad de Sevilla. Nº Páginas: 176.

ISBN 978-84-941838-2-9. Depósito Legal SE 428-2014.

2. Justo, J.L., Castro, D. , Azañón, J.M., Saura, J., Durand, P., Romero, E., VázquezCarretero, N.J., Morales-Esteban, A., Vázquez-Boza, M., Justo, E. (2014). Environmental and mechanical aspects of ananchored mesh for stabilisation of a cliff at la Alhambra. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 73: 667-685.

3. Justo, J.L., Azañón, J., Rodríguez-Peces, M., Vázquez, N.J., Justo, E. (2014).

Tectonic control in the development of slope instabilities: “Los Naranjos” landslide.

Environmental and Engineering Geoscience.

4. Vázquez-Boza, M., Durand, P. , Justo, J. L., Morales, A., Vázquez, y N.J. (2014).

Volumetric behaviour of the Guadalquivir blue marls subjected to drying and wetting cycles. Engineering Geology.

5. Rodríguez-León, M.T., Sánchez-Sánchez, J. (2014). Analysis of wind action on unique structures with application to Seville Fair Gateways. Engineering Structures.

76:138-146.

6. Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Escrig-Pallarés, F., Rodríguez-León, M.T. (2014). Reciprocal Tree-Like Fractal Structures. Nexus Network Journal Architecture and Mathematics.

127

PhD Programme in Architecture 7. Justo, J. L., García-Núñez, J. C., Vázquez-Boza, M., Justo, E., Durand, P. y Azañón, J.M. (2014). Design of raft foundations for high-rise buildings on jointed rock. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 47:1277-1290.

8. Pineda, P., Reddy, V. (2013). Managing Seismic Risk in Ancient Structures: Coupled Variables under Numerical and Experimental Approaches. Internationalnal Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering. 9:15-25.

9. Pineda, P., Robador, M.D., Rodríguez, J.L. (2013). Characterization and Repair Measures of the Medieval Building Materials of a Hispanic Islamic Construction.

Construction and Building Materials. 41: 612-633.

10. Pineda, P. (2014). Ancient materials and singular constructions: numerical, experimental and heritage strategies to preserve masonry structures in seismic areas. Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historic Structures. I. Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering (ACIE). ISSN: 2326-6139.

References D1. National and international reference groups.

National: 1. Sociedad Española de Mecánica del suelo. Miembros Sociedad Española de Mecánica de las Rocas. (Members) 2. Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas CEDEX. (Research projects) 3. Asociación Española de Ingeniería Sísmica 4. ACHE- Asociación Científico Técnica del Hormigón Estructural (Members, Conferences, Seminars) International: 5. Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil LNEC, Lisboa, Portugal. (Laboratory test) 6. Universidad del Algarve. (Codirection of Masters and PhD Thesis) 7. Laboratorio Central Ponts et Chausse. (Mobility) 8. Universidad de Santiago de Chile. (Joint Research earthquakes).

9. Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima Perú. (Joint Research on large dams) 10. Universidad de Osijek. Croacia. (Joint Research earthquakes)

128

LE2: Structures in building and civil engineering

D2. Reference journals and publications to disseminate the current research.

1. Structural Safety. JCR [2013]. Q1 (11/124) 2. Construction and Building Materials. JCR [2013]. Q1 (12/124) 3. Computers & Structures. JCR [2013]. Q1 (14/124) 4. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. JCR [2013]. Q1 (16/124) 5. Engineering Structures. JCR [2013]. Q1 (20/124) 6. Structural Control & Health Monitoring. JCR [2013]. Q1 (22/124) 7. Journal of Structural Engineering. JCR [2013]. Q1 (27/124) 8. Earthquakes and Structures. JCR [2013]. Q2 (47/124) 9. Earthquake Spectra. JCR [2013]. Q2 (57/124) 10. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. JCR [2013]. Q3 (80/124) 11. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice.

SJR [2013]. Q3 (52/57)

129

SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREA 3 (LE3) Building Materials and Technologies. Sustainable Building [Coordinators: ﾃ］gela Barrios and Miguel ﾃ］gel Tabales]

Contents and methodology Introduction to the Research Area, main contents and methodology Throughout human history architecture has been produced by utilizing the resources that nature put at its disposal, adapting itself to geographical and environmental conditioning factors with the aim of assuring the protection of its inhabitants, goods and necessities.

Building materials, originally employed as raw prime elements, underwent important industrial transformations in the sense that technology was developed to assure their adaptation and durability at the expense of negative impacts on the environment.

Building systems have undergone an extraordinary evolution, especially in the last century, as a consequence of the existence of new materials and the evolution of production systems, and to the extent that requirements demanded of buildings relating to liveability have been introduced into compulsory legislation, guaranteeing improvements in safety, comfort, and accessibility, and longer periods of useful life.

The specific L3 research area is developed in this field, in research into products, components, systems and building production, in the projection, implementation and maintenance of architecture, in new buildings as well as restoration and reform.

The group of researchers working in the area of Building Heritage have a wide trajectory in the study of old buildings and constructions and the conservation of architectural legacy, with relevant examples of intervention in the local, regional and national ambit. Interventions in archaeology and in the diagnosis and restoration of architecture in Andalusia are particularly worth mentioning, with relevant examples such as the archaeological site of Itﾃ｡lica, the Royal Alcﾃ｡zar and the Cathedral of Seville, the Mosque of Cordoba and the Cathedral of Cadiz.

131

PhD Programme in Architecture Nowadays they are the object of research for PhD projects and theses involving the professors who comprise the area of research, the traditional construction materials and systems employed in historical buildings, and the components of masonry, lime and plaster cladding, plating and tiling, and wooden structures of forgings and roofing, and the most current, cement, steel, glass and polymer based materials.

Research in the field of technologies and materials covers subjects from the characterisation, control, conservation and diagnosis of existing buildings and infrastructures to the design and development of new construction products and systems in architecture and civil works via technically and economically effective and viable technologies.

Present Challenges The challenges that we currently face in research into technologies and materials, from the University, technology centres and the construction industry are fundamentally related to sustainability, directing efforts towards a productive system that guarantees the following principles: - Minimising the impact on the environment, reducing the consumption of resources (primary materials, water and energy) and the generation of waste, limiting pollution in the manufacture, implementation and maintenance of products and systems.

- Favouring the quality of life of people, users and workers, preserving values, cultural wealth and diversity of communities, creating jobs and ensuring decent and well paid working conditions.

- Creating appropriate proposals from an economic point of view, management and funding formulas that allow actions to be undertaken with solvency.

- Promoting the production of durable buildings, limiting excessive costs and negative impacts on maintenance in the use phase.

- Working for the safety of agents who intervene in construction processes, users and maintenance personnel of buildings and infrastructures.

The ample collaboration between institutions, companies and producers is paramount for assuring the effectiveness of research and adapting the employment of human and economic resources.

132

LE3: Building materials and technologies. Sustainable building

Relation of the area with the Horizon 2020 strategy for research.

Research in the LE3 area of the PhD programme is integrated into the political priorities of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 strategy, specifically the societal challenges of: • Health, demographic change and well-being • Safe, clean and efficient energy • Action on climate, resource efficiency and raw materials.

The European Union proposes funding for research into “eco-innovation”, in materials and new technologies for production, in efficiency in the use of resources and raw materials, in favouring “the transition towards a green economy and society”, and in the tangible conservation and management of cultural heritage.

Research into energy consumption in buildings has an essential role to play when tackling the challenge of satisfying the safeness of the energy supply, while at the same time fighting climate change.

In the field of construction there is the need for development, in this sense, of technologies, systems, methods and products for the energy and acoustic reformation of existing buildings and appropriate projects in this area and in new ones, in a way that there is an improvement in their features (easily installed insulation systems, passive energy systems in façades, acoustic improvement systems), their flexibility, maintenance and disassembly, reaching a favourable final economic balance (cost of operation, subsequent savings in functioning, etc..) It is necessary to insist on the use of materials that are the most consistent with climatic deterioration due, essentially, to the using of raw materials and energy and adapt, in accordance with the Kyoto protocols, places of work, leisure and residence. This is essential especially in newly built constructions, buildings that become examples of sustainability and mark trends for the rest of society. This situation becomes even more relevant if we focus our attention on the case of our region, where the climate conditions are telling and relevant in the energy and hygrothermal behaviour of the building.

At the same time and above all with respect to the building stock, the interventions of reform in buildings have to be in line with the commitment to a 20% reduction in greenhouse gases by 2020 and the future milestone of a new 80-95% reduction by 2050.

The LE3 research area proposes synergies with other sectors, such as the telecommunications and ICT sectors, to provide European citizens with the widest choice of energy and technology sources that must be available in buildings.

133

PhD Programme in Architecture

How this Research Area fits into the PhD programme Specific Research Area 3, related to the field of Architectural Constructions and the disciplines of History of Construction, Technology of Materials and Environmental Sciences, fits directly into the cross-disciplinary research areas of the PhD programme: LT1. Planning, Building, Commissioning and Maintenance, and LT2. Heritage, Restoration, and Obsolescence in Architecture and Urban planning, and is directly linked to the following specific lines: - LE1. Geotechnics and Earthquake Engineering, in research into the construction of foundations and constructive elements of building and infrastructures.

- LE2. Structures in Building and Civil Engineering, in their design, production and maintenance in existing and new building works.

- LE4. Environmental Conditioning, Energy Efficiency, and ICT in Building, implementing improvements in building envelopes and installations.

- LE6. History of Architecture and Architectural Theory: Cultural Studies, Social Management and Creative City.

Furthermore, the specific LE3 area of research participates in the subject areas of the LT4 cross-disciplinary areas: Contemporary housing and habitat, and LT5: Advanced architecture, with collaborations between researchers who comprise these areas being highly recommended.

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LE3 C1. Research projects on which we participate.

1. Effects induced by additives in coating mortars containing lime. Quality assessment for use in architectural national heritage and buildings (ref: MAT2012-34473).

Funding programme: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Main Researcher: Giuseppe Cultrone.

Starting date: 01/01/2013. Finishing date: 31/12/2015.

2. Stratigraphic and Chronotype analysis of the Fortified Areas of the Alcázar de Sevilla. Procedures, Systems and Applications from the Construction Perspective (ref: P12-TEP-1843).

Funding programme: Junta de Andalucía. Proyectos de Excelencia.

Main Researcher: Tabales Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel.

Starting date: 30/01/2014. Finishing date: 29/01/2016.

134

LE3: Building materials and technologies. Sustainable building 3. (Re)storation+(Re)generation+(Re)programming. Recycling and sustainable management of the Andalusian housing market. Management of habitable environments based on criteria of active ageing, gender and urban habitability.

Funding programme: Contrato I+D Agencia de obra publica de la Junta de Andalucia.

Main Researcher: Barrios-Padura, Ángela.

Starting date: 15/11/2013. Finishing date: 31/12/2014.

4. New reinforcement technologies in composite materials (NUREMCO).

Funding programme: Contrato de investigación con la empresa VORSEVI, S.A.U. (INTERCONNECTA).

Main Researcher: Barrios-Padura, Ángela.

Starting date: 01/05/2013. Finishing date: 31/12/2014.

5. Treatment and Recovery of National Heritage Buildings. Injection as a Method for the Consolidation of Masonry Structures.

Funding programme: Junta de Andalucía. Proyectos de Promoción General del Conocimiento y Proyectos Motrices e Innovación Main Researcher: Molina-Huelva, M. Starting date: 30/01/2014. Finishing date: 29/01/2017..

6. Treatment and Recovery of National Heritage Buildings. Injection as a Method for the Consolidation of Masonry Structures (ref: BIA2009-12618).

7. Funding Body: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Secretaría de estado de investigación. Dirección general de investigación y gestión de plan nacional de I+D+i.

Subdirección general de proyectos de investigación. Plan Nacional I+D+i Main Researcher: María Dolores Robador González Starting date: 01/01/2010. Finishing date: 31/12/2012.

Updating of Old Waterproofing Materials in the Construction and Restoration of Facades of National Heritage Buildings and New Architecture. Referencia: TEP-6558 Funding Body: Proyecto de Excelencia. Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Economía, Innovación Y Ciencia. Secretaría General de Universidades, Investigación y Tecnología.

Modalidad Proyectos Motrices y de Innovación. Orden de 11 de diciembre de 2007.

Convocatoria 2010. Concesión julio 2011. Duration desde: 6 julio de 2011 hasta: 6 julio de 2015.

8. Art in the Real Alcázar de Sevilla: study of the paintings and of the ceramics in the Patio del Yeso, palacio gótico, palacio mudéjar, grutesco gallery and cenador de la alcoba (11th – 17th centuries)

135

PhD Programme in Architecture Funding Body: Unión Europea. CHARISMA. MOLAB. Cultural Heritage Advanced Research Infrastructures. Sinergy for a Multidisciplinary Approach to Conservation/ Restoration (ref: CHARISMA - FP7 n.228330).

9. Natural, Eco-efficient and Light Architectural Partitions Panel Code: (P12TEP-1988) Funding programme: Junta de Andalucía, Proyectos de Excelencia.

Main Researcher: Carmen Galán Marín.

Duration: 2014-2018.

10. PATIO: Design Transitional Architectures based on Objective Research.

Funding Body: Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía.

Programa: Proyecto de Excelencia, (ref. P11-TEP-7985).

Starting date: 26/03/2013. Finishing date: 01/09/2017.

Main Researcher: Servando Álvarez Domínguez.

Researcher: Eliseo Chacón Vera, Enrique D. Fernández Nieto, Carmen Galán Marín, Gladys Narbona Reina, Carlos Rivera Gómez, Juan Rojas Fernández, José Manuel Salmerón Lissén, Francisco J. Sánchez de la Flor.

C2. PhD theses.

1. Constructive Study and Characterisation of the Materials that have made possible the architecture of the Castillo-Palacio de La Calahorra in the province of Granada (XVI century). Author: Guardia-Olmedo, José Jesús; Director: Alejandre-Sanchez, Francisco Javier; Lamas-Fernández, Francisco Joaquin Universidad: Universidad Sevilla.

20/09/2013.

2. Medieval Islamic tradition plasterwork of the Real Alcázar de Seville: Historiographical review, methodology for the characterisation, durability evaluation and preparation of an inventory. Author: Blasco López, Fco. Javier. Directors: Alejandre-Sanchez, Francisco Javier; Villegas Sánchez, Rosario. 19/12/2011.

3. Application of the Lifecycle Analysis to the management of construction waste.

Author: Bizcocho Tocón, Nuria. Director: Carmen Llatas Oliver. September 2014.

4. Nonlinear seismic characterization of ancient masonry structures. Application to the Andalusian medieval architectural heritage. Author: Paloma Pineda Palomo.

Directors: Andrés Sáez Pérez, María Dolores Robador González and M. Ángel Gil Martí. 21/03/2012.

136

LE3: Building materials and technologies. Sustainable building 5. Constructions on raw earth in the Algarve. Potential as an alternative and sustainable material. Author: Alfredo Manuel Gonçalves Silva Braga. Directors: María Dolores Robador González and Antonio Jaramillo Morilla. 29/05/2012.

6. Study and Review of Non-Destructive Techniques (Thermography, Ultrasounds and Resistographs) Applied to the Inspection and Intervention of Wooden Slabs.

Author: Morales Conde, María Jesús. Director: Carmen Rodríguez Liñán. 2012.

C3. Selection of 10 research publications 1. J. A., y Morón, E. (2014). Estimation of Portland cement mortar compressive strength using microcores. Influence of shape and size. Construction and Building Materials, 55, 359-364 2. Blasco-López, F. J.; y Alejandre- Sánchez, F. J. (2013). The plasterwork of the Courtyard of the Sun of the Real Alcázar de Sevilla: Characterization test and chronology. Informes de la construcción, 65(530), 175-182.

3. Barrios Padura, A., Barrios Sevilla, J. y García Navarro, J. (2012). Settlement Predictions, Bearing Capacity and Safety Factor of Subsoil of Seville’s Giralda.

International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 6(6), 626-647.

4. Llatas, C. (2011). A model for quantifying construction waste in projects according to the European waste list. Waste Management, 31, 1261–1276.

5. Pineda, P., Robador, M.D., Y Pérez-Rodríguez, J.L. (2013). Characterization and repair measures of the medieval building materials of a hispanic-islamic construction.

Construction and building materials, 41, 612-633.

6. Robador, M.D., Arroyo, F., y Pérez-Rodríguez, J.L. (2014). Study and restoration of the Seville city hall façade. Construction and building materials, 53, 370-380.

7. Rodríguez Liñán, C., Morales Conde, M.J., Rubio de Hita, P., y Pérez Gálvez, F. (2013) Inspection of Wooden Structures of Protected Building: the Case of the Church of Ntra Sra de los Dolores (Isla Cristina, Huelva). International Journal of Architectural Heritage: Conservation, Analysis and Restoration.

8. Pérez Gálvez, F., Rubio de Hita, P., Ordoñez Martín, M., Morales Conde, M.J., y Rodriguez Liñán, C. (2013) Sustainable Restoration of Traditional Building Systems in the Historical Centre of Sevilla (Spain). Energy and Buildings, 62, 648-659.

137

PhD Programme in Architecture 9. Galan Marin, Carmen, Rivera Gomez, Carlos Alberto, Bradley, Fiona: The Mechanical Properties and Molecular Bonding Characteristics of Clay-Based Natural Composites Reinforced with Animal Fibres. Journal of biobased materials and bioenergy. 2013.

Vol. 7. Núm. 1. Pag. 143-151.

10. Rojas Fernandez, Juan Manuel, Galan Marin, Carmen, Fernández Nieto, Enrique Domingo: Parametric Study of Thermodynamics in the Mediterranean Courtyard as a Tool for the Design of Eco-Efficient Buildings. Energies. 2012. Vol. 5. Núm. 7.

Pag. 2381-2403.

References D1. National and international reference groups.

D.1.1.- NATIONAL A CORUÑA SICOR. Sistemas Construtivos e Rehabilitación.

Main Researcher: José Benito Rodríguez Cheda.

ALICANTE Materiales y Sistemas Constructivos de la Edificación” (MSCE).

Main Researcher: Juan Carlos Pérez Sánchez.

Restauración arquitectónica. GIRAUA-CICOP. Main Researcher: Miguel Louis Cereceda.

BARCELONA REARQ. Rehabilitació i Restauració Arquitectónica.

Main Researcher: José Luis González Moreno-Navarro, César Díaz Gómez Lita (Laboratori d’Innovació i Tecnologia de l’Arquitectura). J. Avellaneda i Díaz Grande.

CORDOBA Fundación CIAC. Centro de Innovación Andaluz para la Construcción Sostenible.

Main Researcher: Blas González.

GRANADA Grupo de Investigación RNM 179. Mineralogía y Geoquímica de los Ambientes Sedimentario y Metamórfico. Main Researcher: Miguel Ortega Huertas. Research Studies with Eduardo Sebastián Pardo.

138

LE3: Building materials and technologies. Sustainable building CSIC. Escuela de Estudios Árabes. Research Studies with Antonio Almagro Gorbea, Julio Navarro Palazón.

HUELVA HUM591: Historia del Arte y Patrimonio. Main Researcher: Mª del Valle Gómez de Terreros.

SEVILLA TEP143: Termotecnia. Main Researcher: Servando Álvarez.

TEP131: Elasticidad y Resistencia de Materiales. Main Researcher: Federico Paris.

HUM712: Los Almohades: su Patrimonio Histórico en Andalucía Occidental.

Main Researcher: Magdalena Valor.

MADRID Análisis e intervención en el patrimonio arquitectónico (AIPA). Main Researcher: J. Monjo.

Técnicas innovadoras y sostenibles en edificación (TISE). Main Researcher:Josep M. Adell.

Arquitectura bioclimática en un entorno sostenible (ABIO). Main Researcher: Javier Neila.

GIAU+S. Grupo de investigación en arquitectura, urbanismo y sostenibilidad.

Main Researcher: Mariano E. Vázquez Espi. con Margarita Luxán García de Diego.

Teoría y restauración de construcciones históricas. Main Researcher: José C. Palacios.

Sostenibilidad en la construcción y en la industria. Main Researcher: Justo García Navarro Patrimonio, paisaje, documentación gráfica y construcción agroforestal.

Main Researcher: Ignacio Cañas.

Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (IETcc). CSIC. Área de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales.

LOEMCO. Laboratorio oficial para ensayos de materiales de Construcción Main Researcher: David Revuelta.

PTC. Plataforma Tecnológica Española de la Carretera. ACCIONA. TECNALIA. OVIEDO Reconstrucción y restauración en España. Main Researcher: María del Pilar García Cuetos VALENCIA Investigación, restauración y difusión del patrimonio. Camila Mileto ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Pedro Serna Ros. Durabilidad de materiales y construcciones en ingeniería y arquitectura.

Main Researcher: Miguel Ángel Climent. Research with Eva García Alcocer.

VALLADOLID Documentación, análisis y representación del patrimonio arquitectónico.

Patrimonio de Arte, Arquitectura, Ciencia, Técnica, Ingeniería e Historia.

139

PhD Programme in Architecture 2.- INTERNATIONAL EUROPA ITALIA UNIVERSIDAD ROMA SAPIENZA Architecture and construction - space and society. Giuseppe Strappa.

Architecture, innovation, sustainability. Luciano De Licio.

POLITECNICO DI MILANO Architectural heritage and landscape preservation and management. Maurizio Boriani; architectural design and construction of the city. Angelo Torricelli; Daniele Vitale Material behavior and durability of r/c and p/c structures. Luigi Cedolin; Structural damage assessment and rehabilitation. Ronca Paola; PORTUGAL UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE. Instituto Superior de Engenharia (ISE) UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA Instituto de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Ciências da Construção.

UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction (CTAC). Paulo Pereira ISISE Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering. Paulo B. Lourenço IPC. RG2 - Engineering design & Technologies with polymers and composites. Olga S. Carneiro UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO. Centro de Estudos da Construção. CEC. M. Matos Fernandes; Vasco Peixoto de Freitas BARCELOS Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development. Barcelos. Rogério Amoêda, Sérgio Lira.

GRAN BRETAÑA “Architecture, Construction and Energy Futures”, Dpt. of Architecture, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. Fiona Bradley, Michael Angus.

140

LE3: Building materials and technologies. Sustainable building BELGICA Sint-Lucas School of Architecture, Associated Faculty of Architecture, KULeven.

Yves Schoonjans – Kris Scheerlinck SUECIA Dpt. of Architecture, Chalmers University of Technology. Saddek Rehal – Ana Betancour GRECIA School of Architecture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Constantin Spiridonides – Maria Voyatzaki AMERICA ARGENTINA Universidad de Buenos Aires. Grupo de Materiales Compuestos Granulares.

Responsable: Luis Fernández Luco.

F. de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Belgrano. Alfonso Corona, Libertad Vigo.

BOLIVIA Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Víctor Hugo Limpias, Verónica Melgar.

BRASIL Programa de Pos-graduação em Urbanismo, F. de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Denise Pinheiro, Rachel Courtinho.

CHILE F. de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios Urbanos, Pontificia U. Católica de Chile.

Margarita Greene, Fernando Pérez, Pilar Urrejola.

COLOMBIA Maestría en Arquitectura, U. Nacional de Colombia. Fernando Arias, Rodrigo Cortés COSTA RICA E. de Arquitectura, U. Veritas. Juan Carlos Sanabria, Adrián Aguilar CUBA Dirección de Extensión Universitaria, Instituto Superior Politécnico José Antonio Echeverría. Ada Portero, Dania González.

141

PhD Programme in Architecture ECUADOR F. de Arquitectura y Diseño, U. Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil. Ricardo Pozo, Claudia Peralta.

GUATEMALA F. de Arquitectura, U. de San Carlos de Guatemala. Karim Lucsett Chew, Carlos Valladares.

PANAMÁ F. de Arquitectura, U. de Panamá. José Acosta, Ricardo Ortega PARAGUAY F. de Arquitectura, U. Nacional de Asunción. Cesar Diarte, Claudia Fleitas PERÚ F. de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Pontificia U. Católica del Perú. F. Cooper, M.Flores.

VENEZUELA Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad Central de Venezuela. Ana María Marín, Alessandro Famiglietti.

D.2.- Reference journals and publications to disseminate the current research.

1. Advanced Composite MaterialsCement & Concrete Composites 2. Cement and Concrete Research 3. Construction and Building Materials.

4. Construction History: Journal of the Construction History Society 5. Energy and Buildings 6. European Urban and Regional Studies 7. Géotechnique 8. Informes de la construcción 9. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 10. International Journal of Polymer Science 11. Journal of archaeological science 12. Journal of of biobased materials and bioenergy 13. Journal of Composites for Construction 14. Journal of Cultural Heritage 15. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 16. Journal of heritage science 17. Journal of Housing and The Built Environment 18. Journal of Materials In Civil Engineering

142

LE3: Building materials and technologies. Sustainable building 19. Journal of Materials Science & Technology 20. Journal of Materials Science 21. Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22. Materials and Structures 23. Materiales de Construcci贸n 24. Polymer Composites 25. Revista de la Construcci贸n 26. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 27. Studies in Conservation 28. Waste Management

143

SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREA 4 (LE4) Environmental Conditioning, Energy Efficiency and ICT in Building [Coordinators: Sara Girón and Rafael Suárez]

Contents and methodology A1. Introduction to the Research Area Buildings, conceived as places in which human beings develop their different activities in comfortable conditions, represent a significant percentage of the overall energy consumption both in the national and international sphere. In the European Union they account for 40% of total consumption. Within this percentage, if we consider the different elements that consume energy in buildings (thermal conditioning, light conditioning and different facilities for carrying out diverse activities), the relative weight for each one varies depending on the type of use given to the building, the period of use and its energy conditions.

In today’s society, there is an important aspect which can be referred to as environmental awareness, according to which, people recognize that scientific knowledge has contributed to a profound reorganization of technique, with great improvement in living conditions and material progress, which, however, has generated a number of serious problems with the natural environment. Thus concern for aspects, such as quality of life and environmental degradation, arises. In this context, and mainly from the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, sustainable development has become known as the set of actions inspired by the intention of reconciling the commercial dimension with the respect for social and environmental integration, thereby striving towards a system that allows production to preserve nature, by regulating territories and allowing integrated development.

The energy conditions of buildings set out their response to the requirements of humans for constant thermal, light and acoustic comfort, making it necessary to consume more energy to obtain these comfort states.

145

PhD Programme in Architecture The energy consumption of buildings can be defined as the relationship between their energy demands and the energy efficiency of their facilities. The demand for energy thus depends on both their internal and external loads. Therefore, appropriate design in new buildings in accordance with a climatic adaptation, a suitable choice of its thermal envelope if it involves a new building, or the restoration of the existing building stock to improve its energy behaviour, must produce a reduction in the energy demand and, thus, they have a particular importance in terms of reducing energy consumption in building. Within this building stock, the residential sector has the greatest impact as it accounts for 85% of the constructed stock, against the remaining 15% which corresponds to the tertiary sector.

As well as the improvement in the energy performance of the facilities and equipment in buildings, the use of energy originating from renewable sources in the building sector will produce an increase in energy efficiency, to which it forms an important part of the measures necessary to reduce the energy dependence of the European Union and the emission of greenhouse gases.

When we talk about energy consumption linked to building activity, we must take into account the consumption associated with the implementation of the building and that which derives from its removal or transformation, once it no longer has a useful life for the purpose it was originally constructed. To the different stages of the construction we can add the so-called global building cycle, which includes everything from the extraction of the materials that will be necessary for construction, their processing, transport and implementation, which permits the building to be constructed, up to its maintenance in suitable operation conditions, its removal and its systems when it is considered that it no longer presents a commodity.

In the management of new buildings, focused on the improvement of energy consumption both in buildings and their installations, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) plays an essential role. The interrelationships between the different installations and the dependency regarding the behaviour of the building can today be used to obtain their best behaviour in terms of energy consumption via the use of the aforementioned ICT. The research into new construction materials could contribute to the required ambient quality and a better energy use of resources. The possibilities offered by artificial materials (metamaterials) as building materials are many: specifically, and within the field of lighting, they provide perfect lenses, solar radiation catchment systems for generating electricity and they form the basis of latest-generation illumination, with an energy efficiency far superior to that of any other known device. Furthermore,

146

LE4: Environmental conditioning, energy efficiency and ICT in building acoustic metamaterials have an important role to play in noise control and reduction, although still in a selective manner, given the wide spectrum of acoustic frequencies.

In the case of optics, in the last decade the design of metamaterials capable of guiding and controlling electromagnetic radiation has been revealed as a beneficial field in theoretical and applied research. The extension of its methodology to other fields in science, such as acoustics, thermodynamics and even quantum mechanics presents it to us as a plausible tool.

A2. Main contents In this context, in relation to the LE4 of The University of Seville PhD in Architecture Programme, theories, practices and technical principles of buildings are analysed to promote ambient quality and the improvement of energy efficiency in buildings, with the objective of contributing to more sustainable construction. Amongst these we draw particular attention to the following: - Environmental conditioning in building, in its hygrothermic, acoustic, and lighting aspects and facets relating to interior air quality.

- Energy in building: demand and energy efficiency, use of renewable energies (thermal and photovoltaic solar energy, cogeneration, etc.), building energy efficiency certification, ICT for climate control and energy efficiency.

- Action on climate and the environment, recycling of construction and demolition waste. Efficiency in the use of resources and raw materials.

- Acoustics of classic performance spaces (Roman and Greek), or cultural spaces, with an environmental and heritage value (immaterial).

- Aspects of sound perception and use of virtual reality and auralization techniques for the valuation of perceived sound quality.

- Design, development and integration of installations and systems in buildings, both basic (hydrosanitary, electrical...) and advanced HVAC systems, communications, security, ICT, etc.).

A.3. Methodology For the development of the research different working methods are applied: - Monitoring of test cells for research into building, ambience and energy.

- Monitoring of different types of buildings in real usage conditions for tracking of their ambient behaviour: acoustics, lighting, hygrothermals and air quality, and energy and water consumption.

147

PhD Programme in Architecture - Standardised acoustic measurements with different software and signals in open and enclosed spaces.

- Processing of audible signals captured in situ with different types of microphones - Simulations of energy models via pre-calibrated validity programmes contrasted by the scientific community (acoustics, lighting, thermals, air quality).

- Virtual reality and auralization.

- Lifecycle analysis.

A.4. Present Challenges and Horizon 2020 The time of apparently abundant and cheap resources of the 20th century is coming to an end. The capacity of the economy to adapt itself and be more resistant to climate change, efficient resources and the ability to remain competitive all depend on the high levels of eco-innovation in building. Research along this area must have the objective of training via the development of technological options and strategies that drive competitiveness and job creation in European economies, whilst achieving environmental quality, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and energy efficiency.

Research proposed for this area is mainly integrated in the third thematic priority of the societal challenges of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme. Safe, sustainable and clean energy, and in priority 5 (challenge 5): Action on climate change and efficiency in the use of resources and raw materials.

Likewise, it is in other European initiatives for Horizon 2020, such as “Cultural heritage and climate change� as a key factor in European identity, especially research focused on the valuation of immaterial heritage, as can be the case for that focused on historical-acoustic aspects of heritage buildings (classic theatres, cathedrals, etc.).

How this Research Area fits into the PhD programme LE4: Environmental Conditioning, Energy Efficiency, and ICT in Building is strongly related to other programme areas in which researchers of the PhD in Architecture Programme participate, especially the following cross-disciplinary research areas: LT1: Planning, Building, Commissioning and Maintenance. The main relationship with this area occurs through research focused on the Lifecycle Analysis of buildings, especially those orientated towards the analysis of ambient and energy aspects. Additionally, research focused on the design, construction and monitoring of ambient variables and

148

LE4: Environmental conditioning, energy efficiency and ICT in building energy parameters of prototypes understood as proposals for buildings that we have denominated eco-innovation.

LT2. Heritage, Restoration, and Obsolescence in Architecture and Urban Planning, as energy reform of building stock and heritage buildings supposes an alternative to the current crisis in the construction sector, and its proposals are designed to minimise damaging effects on the environment. Furthermore, relations with this area are produced in research that highlights ambient values in buildings of great hereditary value, understood as immaterial heritage, especially acoustics.

LT4: Contemporary Housing and Habitats. The majority of the building stock corresponds to housing use. A large part of the research developed along this area is focused on its application to housing, especially multi-family dwellings, as can be demonstrated by strategies centred on the construction of near-zero energy buildings or the energy reform of residential buildings. Also, the improvement in energy efficiency and the introduction of ICT into dwellings could be strongly related to what may become to be the contemporary habitat (efficient and intelligent).

In addition to these cross-disciplinary research areas, the LE4 has a strong connection to the following specific research area: LE3. Building Materials and Technology. Sustainable Building. The search for new materials and innovative solutions mainly in building envelopes, and the eco-efficiency in management of CDW one of the main priorities in design and building of sustainable buildings, above all in the valuation of ambient and energy aspects.

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LE4 C.1. Research projects on which we participate.

1. The acoustics of the cathedrals: A scientific contribution for the recovery of cultural heritage.

Funding Body: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci贸n. Plan Nacional I+D+i (ref. BIA2010/20523).

Main Researcher: Te贸filo Zamarre帽o Garc铆a.

Starting date: 01/01/2011. Finishing date: 31/12/2013.

Abstact: The integrated management of Cultural Heritage has highlighted the need and importance of this interdisciplinary research. It is intended to characterise

149

PhD Programme in Architecture the acoustics of Andalusian Cathedrals (Cadiz, Cordoba, Granada, Jaen, Malaga y Sevilla) by means of the spatiotemporal distribution of energy, on the basis of the multidimensional record of responses to impulses in their interiors. The objectives were the following: implementation of a possible analytical model describing the acoustic field; producing a complete record with the major acoustic parameters of each cathedral and subspaces; conducting a historical investigation into the emergence and evolution of the architectural elements that have determined the acoustics of the space (chorus, pulpits, organs,...) and of the various events, and the ephemeral assemblies with different acoustic requirements (word, music).

Also, the creation of a computer model of each cathedral to simulate their acoustic field (auralisation).

Site link: http://institucional.us.es/acuscate/ 2. -CDWs= +ECOefficiency. Waste Reduction in the Design and Construction of Houses in Andalusia.

Funding Body: Consejería de Vivienda y Ordenación del Territorio de la Junta de Andalucía. Programme: Grants for conducting research in architecture and housing. (ref. SUBJA09-031).

Starting date: 02/12/2009. Finishing date: 03/12/2012.

Main Researcher: Carmen Llatas Oliver.

Researchers: Ricardo Huete Fuertes, José Antonio López Martínez, Sara Girón Borrero, Enrique Soler Arias, Marco Sánchez Burgos, Nuria Bizcocho Tocón, Silvia López Alonso, Laura Carolina Ramírez de Segreto.

Abstract: Construction and demolition waste have preferential treatment in most EU member states. Prevention has been a top priority in waste management policy: only where the generation of waste is inevitable should recycling and reuse be encouraged. The aim of the project is to prevent Construction and Demolition Waste (CDWs) in housing construction projects in Andalusia, for which purpose a software tool was designed to assist draughtsmen, with a set of recommendations to minimise the production of CDWs and encourage sustainability in the Construction sector in Andalucía. Specific objectives: Estimate types and quantities of CDWs to be generated on site; introduce recommendations into the project design to minimise waste; prescribe recommendations in the processing of CDWs; prepare the document on the Study of the Management of CDWs and the computer calculation tool.

Site link: http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/fomentoyvivienda/portal-web/web/areas/ vivienda/texto/d44aba8d-7c19-11e2-b0f6-877399b3c564 3. TIGRIS: Total Integrated Grid Intelligent System. Subproyecto 4: Smart Cities.

Funding Body: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Gobierno de España), CDTI, Unión Europea, Agencia IDEA (Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía), Sodinur S.L. Feder-Interconnecta (ref. ITC-20131002).

150

LE4: Environmental conditioning, energy efficiency and ICT in building Starting date: 10/10/2013. Finishing date: 28/02/2015.

Main Researcher: Juan José Sendra Salas.

Researchers: Samuel Domínguez Amarillo, Ángel Luis León Rodríguez, Pedro Bustamante Rojas, Jésica Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Rocío Escandón Ramírez, Miguel Ángel Campano Laborda.

Abstract: Study of the state of the art concerning energy optimisation measures in offices. Identification and simulation of the energy efficiency measures that can be applied in the energy rehabilitation of offices to predict outcomes. Preparation of a list of recommendations on the integration of the different elements developed, in a real environment. Supervision of the monitoring of the testing model proposed in the project for the validation of the results in a real environment and analysis of the results.

4. Tecnocai-Acciona. Efficient and intelligent technologies aimed at health and comfort in indoor environments.

Funding Body: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. CENIT (C.P.1168, 0010).

Starting date: 01/01/2011. Finishing date: 01/01/2012.

Main Researcher: Jaime Navarro Casas.

Researchers: Paula Esquivias Fernández, Carmen M. Muñoz González.

Abstract: Natural lighting conditions in office buildings were analysed under different typological hypotheses, both from the point of view of lighting and energy consumption and from the point of view of their influence on the behaviour and health of the occupants. Dynamic metric criteria were implemented and simulation programmes were used that resulted in design guidelines for these types of buildings. Some results of this research have been published in the article: Climatebased daylighting analysis for the effects of location, orientation and obstruction, in the journal Lighting Research and Technology (LR+T).

5. REFAVIV: Energy rehabilitation of the dilapidated façades of social housing by applying innovative national (DIT) and European technical approval (ETA) certified products (DITE).

Funding Body: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Gobierno de España). Plan Nacional I+D+i (ref. BIA2012-39020-C02-01).

Starting date: 01/01/2013. Finishing date: 31/12/2015 Main Reearcher: Ignacio Oteiza San José.

Researchers: Juan José Sendra Salas, Juan Monjo Carrió, Julián Salas Serrano, Samuel Domínguez Amarillo, Jésica Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Antonio Blázquez Morales, Carmen Alonso Ruiz-Rivas, Fernando Martín Consuegra.

Abstract: This project aims to provide a response to the energy inefficiency of the large market of social housing built in Spain between 1940 and 1980. The project’s main objective is to establish emerging solutions in the field of construction for the

151

PhD Programme in Architecture energy rehabilitation of these buildings. The project will evaluate the technical and energy characteristics of each restoration system studied and the viability of each solution proposed. We will assess the influence on energy demand of innovative construction materials and systems in housing enclosures; the need to provide economically sustainable and energy efficient building solutions, and disseminate and transfer the knowledge acquired. To do so, two case studies will be undertaken in climatically distinct areas which share the common feature of having experienced large-scale urban development in the period between the 40sand 80sof the XX century: Madrid and Seville.

6. Aqua-Riba. Sustainable Water Cycle Management Systems in Comprehensive NeighbourhoodRestoration in Andalusia.

Funding Body: Agencia de Obra Pública de la Junta de Andalucía. Fondos Feder.

Contrato de servicios de Proyectos I+D+i de la Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía.

Starting date: 15/11/2013. Finishing date: 30/06/2015.

Main Researcher: Leandro del Moral Ituarte Researchers: Jaime Navarro Casas, Julián Lebrato Martínez, Ana Prieto Thomas, Laura Pozo Morales, Jaime Morell Sastre, Ángela Lara García, Manuel López Peña.

Abstract: The project aims to contextualise the conceptual, methodological and instrumental approaches that enable the effective integration of the principles of sustainable water management in the architectural and urban restoration projects carried out inAndalusia. Compatibility between the ecological function of the water cycle and the satisfaction of social needs in the living space are therefore the cornerstone of this research. Incorporating innovative and flexible technologies for the management of the urban water cycle will allow the decentralisation of a significant part of these processes, reduce their environmental burdens, increase their resilience and enhance their adaptive management against hydrological risks. The project is therefore a pioneering project in the systematisation of technological and constructive solutions which, with a comprehensive understanding of the water cycle, will improve management efficiency in the design and configuration of living spaces.

Site link: http://www.aopandalucia.es/innovacion/principal.asp?alias=AQUARIBA&zona=convocatoria_2012-2014&t=0 7. MBP: Intervention in obsolete residential areas. Best Practices Manual.

Funding Body: Agencia de Obra Pública de la Junta de Andalucía. Fondos Feder.

Programa: Contrato de servicios de Proyectos I+D+i de la Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía (ref. G-GI3001/IDIH).

Starting date: 15/11/2013. Finishing date: 30/06/2015.

Main Researcher: Carlos García Vázquez.

Researchers: Víctor Pérez Escolano, Juan José Sendra Salas, Ángel Luis León

152

LE4: Environmental conditioning, energy efficiency and ICT in building Rodríguez, Ramón Pico Valimaña, Jesús León Rodríguez, Plácido González Martínez, Elisa Valero Ramos, María Carrascal Pérez, Alfonso Guajardo-Fajardo Cruz, Jesica Fernández-Agüero Escudero, Pablo Sendra Fernández, Rocío Escandón Ramírez, Monserrat Solano Rojo, Isabel Díaz Almela.

Abstract: The project is a response to one of the main challenges faced by government agencies: the obsolescence of the residential areas built in the second half of the XX century. Architectural, urban and social issues are highlighted. The main objective is to establish a benchmark of quality standards that will serve for the evaluation, management, intervention and monitoring of residential areas which have entered into obsolescence. The following will receive special attention: analysis (urban, architectural, energy, environmental, social, national heritage, economic, functional, etc.), architectural and social diagnosis, determination of actions and lines of action, proposals for architectural and social intervention, management and citizen participation, economic study and commitment of the agents involved. The main result of the project will be to create a Decalogue of Good Practices, based on an applied methodology and on technical solutions that incorporate social, cultural and national heritage questions.

8. ENERGYTIC: Technology, Information and Communication services for engaging social housing residents in energy and water efficiency.

Funding Body: European Union and Windinertia Tech S.L. EBT. Programme CIP 2007/13: European Union (ref. 270947).

Starting date: 04/09/2011. Finishing date: 03/09/2014.

Main Researcher: Samuel Domínguez Amarillo.

Researchers: Juan José Sendra Salas, Jaime Navarro Casas, Pedro Bustamante Rojas, Angel Luis León Rodríguez, Jéssica Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Rocío Escandón Ramírez.

Abstract: EnergyTic is a project that implements themost innovative ICT solutionsavailable in two different countries, France andSpain, with a common goal: to provide users with an intuitive and easy to use system, enabling them to control and significantly reduce consumption of energy and water. This system will be implemented in 1700 households (1000in France and 700 inSpain). It will consist of providing real time information of the consumption of energy and water (information of the suppliers of water and energy), and presenting it to users through alerts and easy to understand graphical information. This information is displayed in various formats: on home devices or digital TV. During the pilot phase of the project, the results are used to optimise the design of the system. For each proposal, the technical, social and economic benefits will be identified, depending on their level of contribution to achieving the project objectives.

153

PhD Programme in Architecture 9. Recovery and promotion of the intangible cultural heritage of Andalusian cathedrals using an acoustic assessment of their ephemeral architecture.

Funded Body: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. International Reference Projects “Campus de excelencia internacional en Patrimonio, PATRIMONIUN-10” (ref. 2014/731).

Starting date: 24/10/2014. Finishing date: 23/10/2015.

Main Researcher: Rafael Suárez Medina.

Researchers: Juan José Sendra Salas, Sara Girón Borrero, Angel Luis León Rodríguez, Salvador Luna Ramírez, Miguel Galindo del Pozo, Javier Marín López, Pedro Bustamante Rojas, Alicia Alonso Carrillo, Lidia Álvarez Morales, Alicia Giménez Pérez, Francesco Martellotta.

Abstract: This project aims to recover sound, one of the lost or forgotten intangible heritage values, and to contribute to its becoming a factor for cultural stimulus. The general objective of the project is to “know, recover, conserve, assess and promote the intangible heritage value of sound in cathedrals within significant cultural or temporary liturgical configuration, as well as to study acoustic sensation in these spaces”. This clearly innovative approach incorporates contemporary values both in the application of new technologies and in focusing on cathedral acoustics, past and present, by recreating the sounds from past times which were associated to temporary liturgical, social and cultural events held there. The future possibilities of research projects in cathedrals are also studied through temporary architectures, so that sound becomes part of the intangible heritage of cathedrals.

10. Celda: Energy and environmental rehabilitation of subsidised housing in Andalusia: Assessment using test cells.

Funding Body: Agencia de Obra Pública de la Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda. Junta de Andalucía. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). Programme: Contrato de servicios de Proyectos I+D+i de la Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía. Expediente G-GI3003/IDI0.

Starting date: 01/10/2014. Finishing date: 30/10/2015.

Main Researcher: Ángel Luis León Rodríguez.

Researchers: José Sendra Salas, Jaime Navarro Casas, Rafael Suárez Medina, David Moreno Rangel, Samuel Domínguez Amarillo, Pedro Bustamante Rojas, Miguel Ángel Campano Laborda, Jessica Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Alicia Alonso Carrillo.

Abstract: The main aim of this project is the optimisation of construction solutions of vertical envelopes (including cavities) for a multidisciplinary, transversal restoration of social housing, simultaneously assessing aspects of energy efficiency and saving, as well as of those of environmental climatisation (hygrothermal, lighting, acoustic and indoor air quality). The use of measurement test cells provides reliable and contrasted results for the environmental, energy

154

LE4: Environmental conditioning, energy efficiency and ICT in building and physical-construction variables for each location, as well as their evolution over time, depending on orientation and construction solutions used for envelopes.

This allows façades (wall and glazing) to be optimised for use in building restoration processes, by contrasting all the information and experience compiled by this research group in earlier research projects described in this article on energy simulation and building monitoring.

C.2. PhD theses.

1. Acosta García, Ignacio J. (2012) Zenith lighting in architecture. Skylight design criteria.

Directors: Jaime Navarro Casas, Juan José Sendra Salas. June 2012.

Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the performance of different models of skylights, by studying the natural lighting inside a room. Each form of skylight produces a different lighting on the floor and walls of a room. This research focuses on determining what forms and proportions are best suited to generating a uniform lighting on the walls. Of the different forms of skylights studied, we present the tests of vertical skylights, analysed under the most adverse sky conditions, that is, cloudy skies. After comparing different models of vertical skylights, it is concluded that the optimal height/width ratio of the windows is equivalent to4/3, whatever the form, in the case of cloudy skies. It is also concluded that curved skylights allow an increase of 5% over rectangular shapes.

2. Bueno López, Ana María. (2014). Sound in the religious architecture of M. Fisac following the Second Vatican Council. Proposals for acoustic restoration.

Directors: Ángel Luis León Rodríguez, Miguel Galindo del Pozo. Mars 2014.

Abstract: After describing the architectural history of the Christian church, from its origins to the mid XX century,its relationship with the liturgical tradition and acoustic considerations,we analyse the main aspects of the liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council and its impact on the Architectural project of churches. The architectural considerations and career of Miguel Fisac constitute the preamble to the study of his religious interventions. This empirical study describes the objectives and the rationale for the sample (the six post-council churches), continuing with the description of the research method, which seeks: a) the sound analysis and assessment of each church, based on in situ measurements; b) the development of a computer model that reproduces the sound field with sufficient accuracy and reliability; c) the drafting of acoustic restoration proposals on the basis of the computer model; d) the analysis and overall sound assessment of the sample.

155

PhD Programme in Architecture

C.3. Selection of 10 research publications 1. Álvarez-Morales, L., Zamarreño, T., Girón, S. y Galindo, M. (2014). A methodology for the study of the acoustic environment of Catholic cathedrals: application to the Cathedral of Malaga. Building and Environment, 72, 102-115, doi: 10.1016/j. buildenv.2013.10.015.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 2.700. Construction & Building Technology: Q1 (5/58).

2. Giménez, A., Cibrián, R. M., Cerdá, S., Girón, S. y Zamarreño, T. (2014). Mismatches between objective parameters and measured perception assessment in room acoustics: a holistic approach. Building & Environment, 74, 119-131, doi: 10.1016/j. buildenv. 2013.12.022.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 2.700. Construction & Building Technology: Q1 (5/58).

3. Alonso, A., Sendra, J. J., Suárez, R. y Zamarreño, T. (2014). Acoustic evaluation of the cathedral of Seville as a concert hall and proposals for improving the acoustic quality perceived by listeners. Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 7(5), 360378, doi: 10.1080/19401493.2013.848937.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 2.043. Construction & Building Technology: Q1 (8/58).

4. Campano, M. A., Acosta, I., Fernández-Aguera, J. y Sendra, J. J. (2014). Towards finding the optimal location of a ventilation inlet in a roof monitor skylight, using visual and thermal performance criteria, for dwellings in a Mediterranean climate.

Journal of Building Performance Simulation. doi: 10.1080/19401493.2014.913683.

JCR [2013]: Factor de Impacto [FI]: 2.043. Construction & Building Technology: Q1 (8/58).

5. Acosta, I.; Navarro, J.; Sendra, J. J. (2014). Predictive method of the sky component in a courtyard under overcast sky conditions. Solar Energy, 89, 89-99, doi: 10.1016/j. solener. 2012.12.009).

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 3.541. Energy & Fuels: Q1 (19/82).

6. Acosta, I., Navarro, J. y Sendra, J. J. (2013).Towards an analysis of the performance of lightwell skylights under overcast sky conditions. Energy and Buildings, 64, 10-16, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.04.009.

JCR [2013]: Factor de Impacto [FI]: 2.465. Construction & Building Technology: Q1 (6/58).

7. Acosta, I.; Navarro, J. y Sendra, J. J. (2013). Daylighting design with lightscoop skylights: Towards an optimization of shape under overcast sky conditions. Energy and Buildings, 60, 232-238, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.01.006.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 2.465. Construction & Building Technology: Q1 (6/58).

8. Acosta, I.; Navarro, J., Sendra, J. J. y Esquivias, P. (2012). Daylighting design with lightscoop skylights: Towards an optimization of proportion and spacing

156

LE4: Environmental conditioning, energy efficiency and ICT in building under overcast sky conditions. Energy and Buildings, 49, 394-401, doi: 10.1016/j. enbuild.2012.02.038.

JCR [2013]: Impact Factor: 2.465. Construction & Building Technology: Q1 (6/58).

9. Domínguez, S., Sendra, J. J., León, A.L., Esquivias, P. (2012). Towards Energy Demand Reduction in Social Housing Buildings: Envelope System Optimization Strategies. Energies 5 (7), 2263-2287, doi:10.3390/en5072263.

JCR [2012]: Impact Factor: 1.844. Construction & Building Technology: Q2 (38/81).

10. Acosta, I.; Navarro, J.; Sendra, J.J. (2011). Towards an Analysis of Daylighting Simulation Software. Energies, 4 (7) 1010-1024, doi:10.3390/en4071010. JCR [2011]: Impact Factor: 1.865. Construction & Building Technology: Q2 (35/81).

References D.1. National and international reference groups.

Acoustics: 1. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)/ Universidad de Valencia, Grupo de Investigación en Acústica Virtual: UPV-UVEG (coord. Alicia Giménez).

2. Universidad Pública de Navarra, Acústica (coord. Miguel Arana).

3. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Acústica Arquitectónica (coord. César Díaz).

4. Universidad de Sevilla, Grupo TEP-130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía (coord. Jaime Navarro).

5. Politecnico di Bari (Italia) Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ingegneria Civile e Architettura. Main Researcher: Francesco Martellotta.

6. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (USA), Architectural Acoustics. Main Researcher: Ning Xiang.

7. Aachen University (Alemania), Institut für Technische Akustik. Main Researcher: Michäel Vorlander.

8. Aalto University School of Science (Finlandia). Department of Media Technology, Virtual Acoustic. Main Researcher: Tapio Lokki.

Lighting and optics 1. Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña. Grupo AIEM: Arquitectura, Energía y Medio Ambiente.

2. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas.

3. Universidad de Sevilla, Grupo TEP-130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía.

157

PhD Programme in Architecture 4. CEI: Comité Español de la Iluminación.

5. Loughborough University (UK), Civil and Building Engineering. Main Researcher: John Mardaljevic.

6. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Suiza), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Architecture, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Performance-Integrated Design. Main Researcher: Marilyne Andersen.

7. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA), Department of Architecture, Building Technology Program, Sustainable Design Lab. Main Researcher: Christoph Reinhart.

8. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (USA), Lighting Research Center.

Main Researcher: Russell Leslie.

Energy efficiency and TIC 1. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Grupo ABIO: Arquitectura bioclimática en un entorno sostenible; TISE: Técnicas innovadoras y sostenibles en la edificación; GIAU+S: Grupo de Investigación en Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Sostenibilidad.

2. Universidad del País Vasco. Grupo ENEDI (Energética en la Edificación) 3. Universidad de Valladolid. Laboratorio de ventilación HS3 4. Universidad de Zaragoza. Cátedra Zaragoza Vivienda 5. Universidad de Sevilla. TEP-143: Termotecnia y TEP-130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía.

6. CENER: Centro de Energías Renovables, Departamento de Energética Edificatoria.

7. CIEMAT: Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas.

Energías renovables y ahorro energético 8. Green Building Council España.

GTR: Grupo de Trabajo sobre Rehabilitación 9. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (USA), Environmental Energy Technologies Division. Main Researcher: Ashok J. Gadgil.

10. Aalborg University (Dinamarca), Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering. Main Researcher: Per H. Nielsen.

11. Danish Building Research Institute (Dinamarca). Main Researcher: Birgitte Munch.

12. Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (Portugal), Núcleo de Acústica, Iluminação, Componentes e instalações. Main Researcher: Joao Viegas.

13. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (Holanda), Departament of the Built Environment. Eindhoven. Main Researcher: H. L. Schellen 14. TU München (Alemania). Institute of Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Design and Building. Main Researcher: Werner Lang 15. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Grecia), Physics Department, Section Applied Physics - Group Building Environmental Studies.

Main Researcher: Matheos Santamouris.

158

LE4: Environmental conditioning, energy efficiency and ICT in building

D.2. Reference journals and publications to disseminate the current research 1. Building and Environment. JCR [2013]. Q1 (5/58) 2. Energy and Buildings. JCR [2013]. Q1 (6/58) 3. Journal of Building Performance Simulation. JCR [2013]. Q1 (8/58).

4. Lighting Research and Technology. Q1 (14/58).

5. Building Research and Information. JCR [2013]. Q2 (19/58) 6. Leukos. JCR [2013]. Q3 (35/58).

7. Informes de la Construcci贸n. JCR [2013]. Q4 (52/58).

8. Energy. JCR [2013]. Q1 (13/82).

9. Solar Energy. JCR [2013]. Q1 (19/82) 10. Renewable Energy. JCR [2013]. Q2 (23/82).

11. Energies. JCR [2013]. Q3 (43/82).

12. Journal of Sound and Vibration. JCR [2013]. Q1 (7/29).

13. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, JCR [2013]. Q2 (9/29).

14. Applied Acoustics. JCR [2013]. Q3 (16/29).

15. Acta Acustica united with Acustica. JCR [2013]. Q3 (19/29).

16. Archives of Acoustics. JCR [2013]. Q3 (20/29).

17. Optics Express. JCR [2013]. Q1 (6/82).

18. Optics Communications. JCR [2013]. Q2 (34/82).

19. Waste Management. JCR [2013]. Q1 (10/44).

20. Waste Management and Research. JCR [2013]. Q2 (32/44).

159

SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREA 5 (LE5) Analysis and Communication of Architecture [Coordinator: Antonio GĂĄmiz]

Contents and methodology The “Analysis and Communication of Architecture� research area focuses on two points: on the one hand, knowledge on the manner in which architecture is produced in time, and on the other hand, the various ways in which this knowledge can be expressed and transferred. Neither pole is either successive or independent, rather, on the contrary, both poles are simultaneous and appear intermingled. It is not about generating knowledge and then finding the best way to communicate it. Rather, it involves focusing the analysis/communication duality as a single process, in which the form and the function are dynamic and interrelated entities, and the development or evolution of one side implies, given this permanent interdependence, the development or evolution of the other.

Our task, therefore, is to research architecture and, at the same time, its expression.

Or, in other words, to research into the expression of architectural knowledge understood as an essential element in the production of such knowledge.

Any area of research in architecture must be based on the principle that the goal of architecture is always, firstly or lastly, to transform reality (a reality or environment that for some reason is unsatisfactory, which needs to be fit for purpose, which is possible to domesticate via architectural actions), and it must be considered that when there is greater, or deeper, or more intense knowledge regarding the reality that is the object of transformation through architecture, there will be more possibilities of success in the intervention: that is, both project and works will be improved.

The analysis focuses on knowing reality both methodologically and objectively with the purpose of intervening and transforming it.

161

PhD Programme in Architecture Communication focuses on informing and documenting the transformation processes (of containing them): not the medium or the act of communication but the process of communication.

The analysis is what binds, the thread that puts the whole process in contact, the communication vessel that links the desire to intervene architecturally, which is what activates the process of architecture, with the destruction and disappearance of the constructed fabric, which is where the process ends.

This area of research is concerned with the analysis of architecture independently of what said architecture may be, because it is interested in all architecture. That is, independently of: ­ - Where it appears or how it materialises, both in practice and in theory, in a still or a moving image, in a drawing or in space. ­- The historical moment, the time in which it has been produced. ­- Its location, of the place and circumstances in which it has been proposed, its dimensions, both of the city and the building. ­- Its state and cataloguing, of the architectural heritage and vernacular, of the ruin and the structure whilst it is being built.

The analysis in this line of work does not abandon any of its possibilities: graphic analysis is no more than one of its methods. There are other options, other versions, and other methods for contemporary analysis.

Analysis and communication define an extensive field of research, of forms, methods and interests to research from. They also take in a wide range of employment possibilities, in which construction is just one more option.

This “generalist” area of PhD research is concerned with the analysis, with the conflictive matter of the communication of architecture. It is about what to say and how to say it, what to deal with and how to deal with it.

That is to say, it is interested in the documentation and registration of pre-existing architecture and in the conception and proposal of the architecture that we want to exist: in heritage, in its widest concept, and in the project: in history and critique.

It addresses them from the hypotheses of analysis and from the conventions of communication: form the most cutting edge methodology for the analysis and communication of architecture.

162

LE5: Analysis and communication of architecture It is evident that one of the core topics of architecture, regarding public activity, is that of communication: of expression in its widest sense and in every direction. Expressing oneself with the intention of establishing communication, a certain dialogue. It is not, therefore, just making oneself known (which is often confused with exhibition); it is also knowing, understanding, comprehending what happens outside of it: interpreting reality to be able to intervene in it and transform it in the most effective way possible.

Communicate, therefore, as a synonym of the verb say eloquently, with eloquence, and as a synonym of listen, observe and other verbs that are related to analytical knowledge of reality.

Despite appearing as a contradiction in this so-called information age, a serious problem of cultured architecture at present is communication, because it often has serious difficulties in making itself known, further than the anecdotal, in society, and because there the information is often unheard or misinterpreted, as demonstrated by the mistaken or erroneous responses that it gives.

It also has problems of internal communication: the transmission of ideas within the architecture collective is not very effective either. This does not refer only to communication between academics and or teachers, but to the communication in any direction between all actors who participate in the architectural process, and which includes construction firms and politicians, urban planners and geographers, installation experts and component manufactures, lighting technicians and metal workers, architects and clients, whether they be public or private, speculators or sponsors.

The communication, for example, of construction orders or structural ideas will still have to be developed and perfected according to the new requirements and the most recent technologies: it is necessary to revise and rethink how expression of structure in architecture has to be, both in the analysis of pre-existing architecture, in the case of wanting to structurally intervene in it not from an engineering but from an architectural point of view, and in the analysis of architecture yet to come, in the case of the new buildings project.

We have some serious, linguistic and semantic problems of expression and this area of research attempts to address them: the analysis and diagnosis of this pathology and application of curative measures; putting into practice methods that alleviate deficiencies; responding to some uncertainties and postulating some answers.

One of the reasons for difficulties in communication is not having anything new to say, or apathy and indifference to what is said.

163

PhD Programme in Architecture One of the causes of the lack of communication in architecture is the deterioration of language: of general languages and architectural language in particular: it has to do, therefore, with a lack of culture, with ignorance of meaning, with dysgraphia, the loss of terms, with the lack of resources to give architecture a voice.

Architecture is stuttering: in communication terms, it is infantile. In an age of abundance of communications media, communication is clumsy, it has shortcomings.

A deep analysis, for example, of the periodical publications dedicated to architecture, be they printed or digital, would reveal that neither the drawing nor the text nor the image, as they are used, are capable of transmitting messages: scarcely any noisy information on the appearance of things. Photography, cinema, advertising, often stay on the strictest surface, and hardly scratch the clumsy euphemism that is the skin of architecture.

Contemporary architecture, in order to communicate, as well as resorting to traditional media and support, although useful, although not completely obsolete, perhaps more valid and necessary than ever, has the obligation to use the most current: the drawing in all its definitions and instrumentalizations, by hand or machine; the model and its possibilities for foreseeing the behaviour of the forms in light; photography recording the material moments and passing of time; cinema incorporating movement to space.

Knowledge and skill in the use of new forms and other communication media will also open a wealth of employment possibilities: advertising and the field of publishing, design and critique, to mention a few productive sectors, will form part of the horizon of architecture.

How this Research Area fits into the PhD programme We understand that the analysis and communication of architecture should have a clear cross-cutting and interdisciplinary focus. We are interested in knowledge that goes beyond a structuring in specialised compartments and quasi-ÂŹmonopolies, putting forward the need to promote a permanently open sensitivity in many interconnected directions. We thus understand research in this area as a suitable process for setting up as a place of operative convergences between various fields of knowledge, between various registries of experience, encouraging the possibility of integrated and flexible knowledge of architecture.

The analysis of architecture is the analysis of a cultural form and, as such, it needs to address a complex stratigraphy of values that goes from great universal currents

164

LE5: Analysis and communication of architecture to the small casuistry of phenomena rooted in specific surroundings or contexts. The consideration of spatial, temporal, and in the last instance historical distance, between the observer and the object of study, takes us to contemporary hermeneutic approaches, with their consideration of this object as a “document�, that is to say, as a portal to some systems of meaning whose internal structures seem far away to us, where we are situated in a system of different meanings, measuring a distance of observation of which we should be methodologically aware.

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LE5 C1. Research projects on which we participate.

1. A Digital Information Model for the Knowledge and Management of Cultural Heritage Real Estate.

Funding Body: Government of Spain. Proyecto I+D+I (ref: Har2012-34571).

Main Researcher: Francisco Pinto Puerto.

Abstract: The main purpose of this research project is to develop a digital model of those properties considered to be Cultural Heritage (CH), construed as an open and continuously updated system which collects and makes possible the threedimensional visualisation of both their strict physical reality and all the information necessary to understand it and, therefore, for appropriate decision-making in relation thereto. In this sense, the CH must be construed as a complex reality that is a product of its evolution over time, with a great variety of records, whose proper decoding is an urgent and indispensable process for the appropriate knowledge and preservation thereof. This model was conceived within a scientific environment that maintains an ongoing debate, where research on buildings is combined with the problem of digital models. This database, instrument, device or machine would consist of lines, surfaces and parametric elements, both full and empty, graphics, texts, illustrations, signs..., enabling a relating of the objects, actions and visible parts thereof with information, ideas, conjectures and assumptions.

2. The Catedral de Sevilla and the Gothic. Architecture and City in the Spheres of Influence of the Catedral de Sevilla.

Funding Body: Government of Spain. Proyecto I+D+I (ref: Har2012-35152).

Main Researcher: Antonio Luis Ampliato Briones.

Abstract: The project aims to present a systematic, formal and constructive characterisation of such architecture, as well as a tight interpretation of its nature

165

PhD Programme in Architecture in the historical context that made it possible. In line with these objectives, the work is approached from an interdisciplinary methodological approach, in which professionals from different areas of study (architects, archaeologists and art historians) collaborate to build a rich and diverse analysis, aimed at expanding the knowledge accumulated on the subject, both with regard to the materiality of the masonry analysed and its historical and architectural interpretation.

C2. PhD theses.

1. Las Quintas as a structuring system of the territory in Portugal. The case of the Quinta do Senor da Serra: Architectural and Territorial Analysis. Author: Rui Miguel Marques dos Santos Rodrigues. Director: Francisco Pinto Puerto. 2011.

2. The image construction projectof modern architecture. 1925-1939. Andalucía.

Margaret Michaelis. Author: Francisco Javier López Rivera. Director: José Joaquín Parra Bañón. 14/12/2012.

3. Architecture and illness in the work of Thomas Bernhard. Author: Juan Antonio Espinosa. Director: José Joaquín Parra Bañón. 20/01/2014.

4. The Iglesia of Santa María La Blanca of Sevilla. Analysis, documentation and intervention in the architectural national heritage. Author: Óscar Gil Delgado. Director: José Joaquín Parra Bañón. 24/06/2014.

5. Balbino Marrón y Ranero, architect of the Duques de Montpensier (1848-1867).

Sevilla, territory and city, architecture and landscape. Author: Mercedes Linares Gómez del Pulgar (2014). Directors: Antonio Luis Ampliato Briones y Antonio Tejedor Cabrera. 2014.

6. Space and structure in the transition to the Cordovan Renaissance. Tradition and innovation in the architecture ofHernán Ruiz el Viejo. Author: Pilar Gimena Córdoba (2014) Director: Antonio Luis Ampliato Briones. 2014.

7. Defensive architecture on the borders of the Reino de Sevilla during the late Middle Ages. Territorial establishment of the Moorish and Galician strips. Author: Juan Francisco Molina Rozalem. Director: Federico Arévalo Rodríguez. 2014.

166

LE5: Analysis and communication of architecture

C3. Selection of 10 research publications.

Books: 1. Gentil Baldrich, José María (2011). Sobre la supuesta perspectiva antigua (y algunas consecuencias modernas). Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla/Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción, 2011. 329 pp. ISBN- 978-84-472-1402-0 2. Ampliato Briones, Antonio Luis (2011). La Giralda Renacentista. Ayuntamiento de Sevilla - ICAS, Sevilla, 2011. 131 pp. ISBN: 978-84-92417-46-9.

3. Parra Bañón, José Joaquín (2009). Arquitecturas terminales. Teoría y práctica de la destrucción, IUACC-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 2009. 262 pp.

ISBN 978-84-472-1204-0.

Journals: 4. Gentil Baldrich, José María (2013). “La prospettiva: un buco nella tavoletta”.

Disegnare idee immagini, n° 46. Roma, 2013. ISBN: 978-88-492-2672-0, ISSN-IT 1123-9247. pp. 22-29.

5. Pinto Puerto, Francisco (2013). “Contributions to the building analysis of old constructions: The chapel of La Antigua at San Miguel, Morón (1538)”, Revista Informes de la Construcción. Vol. 65, 530, abril-junio 2013, pp. 163-174, ISSN: 0020-0883 e ISSN: 1988-3234. (doi: 10.3989/ic.12.048).

6. Pinto Puerto, Francisco y Guerrero Vega, José María (2013). “Imagen y modelo en la investigación del patrimonio arquitectónico”, Revista VAR (Virtual Archaeology Review), Volumen 4, Número 8. Mayo 2013, ISSN: 1989-9947, pp. 135-139.

7. Ampliato Briones, Antonio Luis (2012): “Notes on the origin of line”, Revista EGA nº 19, págs. 60-67. Asoc. Española de Departamentos Universitarios de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. Valencia, 2012. ISBN: 84-604-5250-6. ISSN: 1133-6137.

8. Gámiz Gordo, Antonio y García Ortega, Antonio J. (2012): “La primera colección de vistas de la Mezquita- Catedral de Córdoba en el Voyage de Laborde (1812)”, Archivo Español de Arte, vol. 85, nº 338, p. 105- 124, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. ISSN (printed): 0004-0428. ISSN (electronic): 1988-8511.

167

PhD Programme in Architecture 9. Arévalo Rodríguez, Federico (2012). “Analysis of documents and architectural surveys as a research, methodology for lost architecture: the Bastion of San Felipe and the Dock of “La Riza” on the Guadalquivir river mouth”. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica, EGA nº 20, Valencia, 2012, pp 134-143. ISSN: 1133-6137.

10. García Ortega, Antonio J. y Gámiz Gordo, Antonio (2010): “La ciudad de Córdoba en su primer plano: un dibujo esquemático de 1752”, Archivo Español de Arte, vol. 83, nº 329, 2010, p. 23-40, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.

ISSN (printed): 0004-0428. ISSN (electronic): 1988-8511.

References D.1. National and international reference groups.

As regards the construction of 3D digital models, la Escuela de estudios árabes (CSIC, Granada) (http://www.eea.csic.es). In relation to metric capturing, the group of the Universidad de Valladolid LFA-DAVAP, (http://157.88.193.21/~lfadavap/), Laboratori de Fotogrametria Terrestre (Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña), Grupo de Fotogrametría y Teledetección cercanas (Universidad de Vigo). Regarding BIM applications, we highlight the research at the Universidad de Gantes, published at the International Congress on Construction History (PAUWELS et al 2009). At national level, SEAV (Sociedad Española de Arqueología Virtual) which sponsors the congress ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0, (http://www. arqueologiavirtual.com). At regional level, el Centro de Documentación y Estudios del Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico has also been working since 2007on developing a methodology to promote the exchange of knowledge of 3D and national heritage in a scientific framework.(http://www.juntadeandalucia. es/cultura/ iaph) y Territory, Landscape and Heritage Chair (UPV/EHU); http:// www. catedraunesco.eu/ Built Heritage Research Group, BHRG (Basque Country University); Grupo de Investigación en Patrimonio Construido, GPAC (UPVEHU). http://www.ehu.es/gpac/portal/HUM-104: “Laboratorio de Arqueología y Arquitectura de la Ciudad” TEP-939: “Arquitectura para la ciudad creativa. Estructuras y proyectos, análisis y registros”.

TEP-214: “Expregráfica”.

HUM-810: “ADICI – Aula digital de la ciudad”.

HUM-799: “ECP – Estrategias de conocimiento patrimonial”.

168

LE5: Analysis and communication of architecture

D.2. Reference journals and publications to disseminate the current research - EGA. Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica. http://ojs.upv.es/index.php/EGA. - Disegnare idee immagini. Roma.

- Revista Arqueología de la Arquitectura. CSIC. http://arqarqt.revistas.csic.es/index.php/arqarqt - Revista Archivo Español de Arte, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.

- Revista Digital VAR Virtual Archaeology Review,

http://varjournal.es/inicio.html - Revista PH. http://www.iaph.es/web/canales/publicaciones/revista-ph/

169

SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREA 6 (LE6) History of Architecture and Architectural Theory: Cultural Studies, Social Management and Creative City [Coordinator: Carmen Guerra]

Contents and methodology Specific Research Area 6 takes the testimony of the general transformation of the field of thought and general reflection on architecture that occurred in the second half of the 20th century, to respond to the challenges that contemporaneity poses to research. Therefore, researchers of this area are working from the review and reassessment of methodologies and contents in the fields of knowledge of History of the Theory of Architecture towards new channels in socio-cultural management.

Considering the reorientation towards the theoretical and the new focuses that structuralism provides to our area of knowledge, and the methodological renewal of poststructuralism, we should point out that research is moving closer towards a greater cross-disciplinarity, something that permits new horizons to be covered for research that are briefly stated in the descriptors of the cultural studies, social management and creative city area. For architecture, this theoretical and methodological explosion is going to mean an opening up to new fields of experimentation and word and the generation of a disseminated territory in which the limits of architectural discipline have practically been erased, as the environments for action are already crossdisciplinary.

This allows us to work on the recognition of a problematic environment such as the relationship of humans with space in all its scales, in which everything from artistic thought and practice, to socio-spatial, economic-productive, ideological, mathematical, philosophical, and of course architectural spaces are situated.

171

PhD Programme in Architecture The methodologies are extremely varied, from the traditional ones from the field of humanistic knowledge of history and theory of architecture to those that reach us from other fields of knowledge that reveal themselves as useful for new research interests. Amongst the first ones it is worth mentioning the enormous effort made in basic research, for the upgrading and regeneration of historical studies, and amongst the second group I would like to fundamentally underline the revolution of the theoretical tools of architectural knowledge from hermeneutics and deconstruction, to the importation of methodologies from human sciences such as sociology, anthropology, and human geography.

The main challenge for our researchers is to integrate the growing complexity of the new fields of study, and the dialogue of the working methodologies of architecture with those of other disciplines, in a way that innovative and profound research into the matters that are most important to our society can be addressed.

From our experience we have noted the enormous regeneration of the history and theory of architecture, but also of architecture itself, which comes via these new fields, but not for the constitution of a new science of architecture as a vindication of disciplinary autonomy, but rather to open architecture up to the wide field of spatial knowledge, even of the new spaces that surround us. What especially characterises our discipline will be the capacity for confluence of material and sensitive aspects with theoretical and technical ones. This is one of the most interesting perspectives that are opened up to research from this area of research.

Perhaps for this transformation of the field of knowledge that has taken place within the last decades, this area of research responds quite faithfully to the proposals for topics from the Horizon 2020 project. Specifically, it can easily be incorporated into the social challenges section in the following sections: 1. Health, demographic change and well-being 5. Action on climate, resource efficiency and raw materials.

6. Europe in a changing world: Inclusive, innovating and reflexive societies 7. Safe societies: Protecting the freedom and security of Europe and its citizens

How this Research Area fits into the PhD programme The LE6 area, for its particular evolution over the last few years, has a double role in the development of research in this PhD programme. On the one hand it provides basic non-orientated research to a series of cross-disciplinary and specific areas such

172

LE6: History of architecture and architectural theory: cultural studies, social management and creative city as LT1 Planning, Building, Commissioning and Maintenance, LT5 Advanced Architecture, and LE5 Analysis and Communication of Architecture.

On the other hand, its methodological renewal allows the deeper understanding and opening of some of the topic areas of the following areas of research: LT2 Heritage, Restoration, and Obsolescence in Architecture and Urban planning, LT3 City, Territory, and Landscape, LT4 Contemporary Housing and Habitats, LE7 Tourism and Sustainability: Architecture and Infrastructures, and LE8 Architecture in the Contemporary Reality.

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LE6 C1. Research projects on which we participate.

1. Title: Transition Island Communities: Empowering Localities to Act (TrisCo) Main Researcher: Madelyn Marrero Meléndez Funding Body: European Union (ref: TRISCO-REF. BC. 1.1.1).

Starting date: 01/07/2009. Finishing date: 30/09/2012 2. Title: Emerging Concepts in Complex Systems. Applications in Urban Environments and in Cultural Complexity.

Main Researcher: Joaquín Borrego Díaz.

Funding Body: Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresas, Proyectos de Excelencia (ref: P10-TIC-6064).

Starting date: 15/03/2011. Finishing date: 15/03/2015 3. Title: Urbanização e mundializaçao: novos processos de produção do espaço urbano.

Main Researcher: Manoel Rodrigues Alves (IAU, Sao Carlos, Universidade Sao Paulo) Funding Body: Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Convocatorias internacionales (Brasileña) de investigación (ref: NAPURB USP).

Starting date: 01/01/2013. Finishing date: 31/12/2015.

Researchers: Carmen Guerra, Carlos Tapia Martín, Mariano Pérez Humanes 4. Title: Mobility, social diversity and sustainability: challenges of the European agenda for rural development.

Main Researcher: Jesús Oliva Serrano. Universidad de Navarra Funding Body: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Plan Nacional I+D+i (ref: CSO2012-37540) Starting date: 01/01/2013. Finishing date: 31/12/2015.

Researchers: Carmen Guerra, Carlos Tapia Martín, Mariano Pérez Humanes

173

PhD Programme in Architecture 5. Title: Nazari Cities: Urban Structure, Defensive System and Water Supply.

Main Researcher: Antonio Orihuela Uzal.

Funding Body: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Plan Nacional I+D+i (ref: HAR2011-30293/ARTE).

Starting date: 01/01/2012. Finishing date: 31/12/2014.

6. Title: The residential architecture of al-Andalus: typological analysis, urban and sociological context. Basis for National Heritage Intervention.

Main Researcher: Julio Navarro Palazón.

Funding Body: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Plan Nacional I+D+I (ref: HAR2011-29963/ARTE).

Starting date: 01/01/2012. Finishing date: 31/12/2014.

7. Title: Neighbourhoods in transition.

Main Resarcher: de Manuel Jerez, Esteban.

Funding Body: Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda (ref: GGI3000IDIO S).

Duration: 2013-2015.

8. Title: Urban (un)edges. Sustainable politics, project and management in peripheral cities.

Main Researcher: Scelotto, Salvador.

Funding Body: CYTED, Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo.

Duration: 2011-2015.

9. Title: Changing Cities around the Times.

Main Researcher: Marín Cots, Pedro.

Funding Body: European Union MED Programme. Proyecto CAT MED (ref: 1G-MED08-48-CAT).

Duration: 2009-2012.

C2. PhD theses.

1. One thousand feet. Architecture and aviation: from the fascination with machines to the experience of height (2011). Author: Ramón Pico Valimaña. Director: Víctor Pérez Escolano.

2. Quintas asa System to Structure the Territory in Portugal. The Case of the Quinta Do Señor da Serra. Architectural and Territorial Analysis (2011). Author: Rui Miguel Marques dos Santos Rodrigues. Director: Francisco Pinto Puerto.

174

LE6: History of architecture and architectural theory: cultural studies, social management and creative city 3. Burle Marx and their intervention in the cultural landscape of Copacabana.

Documentation, analysis and protection of contemporary national heritage (2012).

Author: Julia Rey Pérez. Directors: Víctor Pérez Escolano, José Joaquín Parra Bañón.

4. Mediterranean influences in the roofs of Le Corbusier. From the Acropolis of Athens to Marseilles Unité d’Habitation (2012). Author: Daroca Bruño, José Luis.

Director: Víctor Pérez Escolano.

5. Biosynthetic Architectures. The living, the non-living, and their hybridisation as a strategy for architectural action in the new century. Author: Eduardo Mayoral González (2012). Director: Carlos Tapia Martín.

Abstract: This research explores the possibilities of redefining the existing design and production mechanisms based on the use of natural capital to increase manufactured capital. The alternative proposal involves the manipulation of living and non-living systems to redefine the relationship between humans and nonhumans in a new re-production environment where the evolution and generation of added value takes place through the crossing of different types of capital. This includes factors ranging from genetics, regenerative medicine, bio-art... and inserts them into the field of (architectural) design to explore these new ways of designing and producing. We experimented with two specific cases. In the first, we work with bioluminescent micro-organisms to design devices that emit light without consuming electricity, while the second used a 100% organic material that functions as a thermal insulator and has certain structural qualities.

6. Participatory design in housing restoration programmes. Tesis Doctoral (2012).

Author: López Medina, José María. Director: Esteban de Manuel jerez 7. Regarding the cultural conditioning factors for the generation of form. Analogies, growth, materiality and aporias in the ecologies space. Author: Pecoraio, Simona.

Director: Carlos Tapia Martín.

Abstract: The thesis deals with the generation of the form, pointing to the deepening of its relations with the ecologies space and investigating the implications of biology and technology in architectural discipline. The aim is to provide a definition of ecological, as a category of architectural action, by promoting the hybridisation between different know-how and developing a methodological framework for understanding architectural production in the second half of the XX century. To do so, a series of interpretative tables are drafted that offer a discussion of the definitions of form and ecologies space, on the basis of a genealogical field -formed of D’Arcy Thompson, Christopher Alexander, Philip Steadman, Enric Miralles, Greg Lynn and Karl Chu-, treated as a philogenesis, in an attempt to establish deeper connections on a course of action in architecture, from the last part of the past century to today.

175

PhD Programme in Architecture 8. Architecture, commissionersand Spanish presence in Florence in the XVI century (2013). Author: Carlos Plaza. Director: Ana Marín Fidalgo.

9. Urban growth and ecology. New technologies applied to the management of transformation factors and agents in peri-urban areas (2013). Author: Ismael Domínguez Sánchez de la Blanca Director: José Manuel Almodóvar Melendo.

Abstract: It studies the outskirts of the city, by considering it as an important source of disturbance and conflicts affecting its relationship with the territory.

Addressing the implementation of systems sensitive to stimuli received by the environment. This sensitivity to the environment makes it possible to review the course of the overall planning and work with the city on the basis of the analysis and interrelatedness of the data obtained. The results are intended to prevent the dynamics of the infrastructure from impairing the growth of the city and its free relationship with the environment. Furthermore, it proposes conciliatory actions for the urban limit landscape in contact with the territory and a willingness to democratise the land, facilitating the access of citizens to equipment. In short, the thesis provides novel results on architecture and urban planning as regards the environment and sustainability.

10. Grist mill “Antonio José Gomes”: first concrete building in Portugal. The revitalisation of obsolete spaces. Micro and macro difficulties of a technology. Micro and macro difficulties of a technology (2014). Author: Roda Fernandes, Samuel Directors: José Enrique López-Canti, Félix de la Iglesia, Carlos Tapia.

Abstract: The objectives of this study are to raise awareness of an activity and its evolution over time, and the vicissitudes of an important part of the classified national heritage buildings inPortugal. In this case a building is presented, as well as its projects (which are also an important part of the cultural heritage), its relationship with the place and the evolution or involution to which it has been subject. At present, the number of operations motivated by political or community will, with proven value in these ephemeral forms of civilisation, are already numerous, with the majority being of such great quality that the hardest thing is to remain inactive, whatever the reason. Any civilisation that shows respect, should know and be able to respond Responsibly to the demographic, economic and social changes in a globalised world.

11. Defensive architecture on the borders of the Reino de Sevilla during the late Middle Ages. Territorial establishment of the Moorish and Galician strips (2014).

Author: Juan Francisco Molina Rozalem. Director: Federico Arévalo Rodríguez.

176

LE6: History of architecture and architectural theory: cultural studies, social management and creative city

C3. Selection of 10 research publications.

1. Marín Fidalgo, A. M.(2011). El Jardín y Palacio del Crucero del Alcázar de Sevilla y el Jardín del Patio de las Doncellas. Temas de Estética y Arte. Vol. XXV. Pag. 82-93 2. Gámiz Gordo, A. / García Ortega, A. (2012) J.: “La primera colección de vistas de la Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba en el Voyage de Laborde (1812)”, Archivo Español de Arte, vol. 85, nº 338, p. 105-124, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.

3. Ampliato Briones, A. (2012). Notes on the origin of line. EGA. Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica. Núm. 19. Pag. 60-67 4. Loren Méndez, M.(2012).Technology, materials and space: Processes of modernization of spanish post-civil war architecture. High School, Málaga. Architect: Miguel Fisac. Informe de la Construcción. Vol. 64. Núm. 526. Pag. 167-177 5. González de Canales Ruiz, F., Álvarez Lombardero, N. Puentes, M. (2013).

Contextualizando lo Digital. Una reflexión a propósito del Taller Politics of fabrication Laboratory desarrollado entre la Architectural Associatiosn y la Universidad Católica del Valparaíso. Revista 180. Núm. 32 Pag. 30-35 6. Gentil Baldrich, J. (2013). La prospettiva: ¿un buco nella tavoletta¿ (Perspective: `a hole in a small piece of wood’ ). En: Disegnare. Idee immagini. Núm. 46. Pag. 22-29 7. Pinto Puerto, F., Guerrero Vega, J.M. (2013). Imagen y modelo en la investigación del patrimonio histórico. Virtual Archaeology Review. Vol. 4. Núm. 8. Pag. 135-139 8. Pérez Escolano, V. (2013). Architecture and politics in Spain through the Boletin de la Direccion General de Arquitectura (1946-1957). RA. Revista de arquitectura. Núm.

15. Pag. 35-46 9. Sobrino Simal, J., Larive López, E. (2013). A Laboratory for reaactivating industrial áreas in Seville: Sevlab-Team Project. TICCIH bulletin. 2013. Vol. IST QUARTER. Núm. 59. Pag. 8 10. Almodóvar Melendo, J., Jiménez Verdejo, J., Domínguez Sánchez de la Blanca, I. (2014). Similarities Between R.M. Schindler House and Descriptions of Traditional Japanese Architecture. Journal of Asian architecture and building engineering. Vol. 13.

Núm. 1. Pag. 41-48

177

PhD Programme in Architecture

References This is a research line which, focusing on a very specific content and therefore covering a reasonably limited repertoire of references, has experienced a true explosion towards transdisciplinarity. If in terms of advancing knowledge this development translates into a veritable explosion of innovative content, as far as references are concerned, it greatly hinders locating effective references since it spreads and expands them in an endless diversity.

This is why we have preferred to compile an extract of those publications which, in the tradition of this field of knowledge, still have updated content that is attractive enough to continue to endow the line with a certain structure, leaving the more scattered references for the various researchers in specific issues of the subject.

1. Architectural Theory Review.

2. Revista INVI 3. Scripta Nova: revista electrónica de geografía y ciencias sociales 4. Perspecta: the Yale architectural journal 5. PH: Boletín del Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico 6. Regional studies 7. Lotus international: rivista trimestrale di architettura 8. Journal of urban history 9. Journal of the American Society of Architectural Historians 10. Journal of the American Society of Architectural Historians 11. Journal of cultural heritage 12. Journal of contemporary ethnography 13. Journal of asian architecture and building engineering 14. International journal of architectural heritage 15. Housing, theory, and society 16. Habitat internacional 17. Future Anterior: Journal of Historic Preservation history, theory and criticism 18. European urban and regional studies 19. EURE. Revista latinoamericana de estudios urbano regionales 20. EGA: revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 21. Domus 22. Documentos de Arquitectura 23. Docomomo journal 24. DC: Revista de Crítica Arquitectónica 25. El Croquis de arquitectura y de diseño 26. City, culture and society 27. City & community

178

LE6: History of architecture and architectural theory: cultural studies, social management and creative city 28. Casabella: rivista di architettura e urbanistica 29. AV: monografías de Arquitectura y Vivienda 30. Temas de Estética y Arte 31. Archivo Español de Arte 32. Informes de la Construcción 33. Revista 180 34. Disegnare Idee Imagini 35. Virtual Archaeology review 36. RA. Revista de Arquitectura 37. TICCIH Bulletin

179

SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREA 7 (LE7) Tourism and Sustainability: Architecture and Infrastructures [Coordinator: Mar Loren]

Contents and methodology The phenomenon of urban transformation linked to coastal tourism: The processes of territorial and architectural transformation of the coast constitute the most representative theme within the framework of this research area linked to tourism; these touristic territories are mostly located on the coast. Its accelerated transformation represents a contemporary urban phenomenon of critical importance, both at European and international level.

The main demand of efficient accessibility and its link to the definition of the modern society makes roads a key element in the shaping of these territories, equipped for rest and escape, converted into a support for a competitive offer regarding speed of arrival, node connection, maximisation of services, etc. This infrastructural emphasis is pervasive in research focused on the definition of this urban phenomenon.

The modern right to rest turns an elitist activity into a phenomenon of masses; the exponentially growing demand also makes it one of the objectives of speculation and corruption. The rising demand for water, lighting and telecommunications services gives rise to an imbalance between resources and growth, drastically transforming large swathes of previously rural territory. The pressure exerted on the territory becomes unsustainable. The focus of on sustainability, already very present in architecture research work, becomes critical here.

The analysis and interpretation of this territorial transformation, its specificity in the framework of contemporary urban phenomena and strategies for its regeneration constitute fields of study in this research area. Its complexity and above all its negative connotations as a support for speculation led to a lack of interest in this

181

PhD Programme in Architecture research area until the end of the 20th century. We can therefore consider it to be an emerging area.

From the methodological perspective, we can affirm that there is a tendency for interdisciplinary research, where studies from history, theory and urban sociology are combined. Furthermore, research based on a planning approach plays a special role.

In this sense, studies are integrated both with specific research areas LE6 “History of Architecture and Architectural Theory: Cultural Studies, Social Management and Creative City” and LT3 “City, Territory, and Landscape”.

Given its complexity, there is a methodological predominance which combines cartographic characterisations of territory, field work, and statistic and economic studies. In addition, given the pressing need for regeneration, intervention strategies integrate project-based methodologies, which work equally on the various territorial, urban and architectural scales, necessarily linking them to specific research area LE8 “Architecture in the Contemporary Reality.” This area linked to cartographic characterisation is naturally complemented by a document and archive-based line (maps, orthophotos, drawings and photographs), which in some cases could be instrumental but in others is the main line of study.

From the perspective of the object of study, the Mediterranean Arc is the clearest reference in terms of the touristic interpretation of its coasts, and we find here the beginning of the mass touristic phenomenon as we understand it today, as well as different levels of consolidation. This acquires a greater degree of consolidation in countries such as Spain, Italy and France. Further, the globalisation of tourism makes it necessary to incorporate comparative studies; starting from a case study, they later offer their contextualisation in a greater scenario.

The historical and iconographic dimension of tourism: A truly contemporary phenomenon located on the coast and well shaped by strong infrastructures, tourism also has an important place in historical research. Travel as a premise for tourism has always had a need to be documented, to relate the travel experience. Travel as a personal experience of discovery belongs to the elites who feel the need to transmit it; drawings, paintings and engravings become as important as the texts that accompany them. There is a prolific line in this direction, in which we can also find a link to specific research area LE5 “Architectural Analysis and Communication”, with the participation of the Graphic Expression department, and an interdisciplinary condition with Literature and Art studies. In this historical dimension, studies that have been grounded on an analysis of iconography occupy a central

182

LE7: Tourism and sustainability: architecture and infrastructures role. Studies relating to, tourism advertising, traveller stories and even the visual formalisation of tourist policies constitute a field of research which reflects on the construction of an image.

The production of travellers is also directly linked to the more monumental architectural heritage. The enormous production of drawings and texts on historical sites such as La Alhambra is sufficient proof. In this sense there is a clear connection with heritagebased research both in the study of the cities and monument sites on which there is already pressure at a global level as well as design strategies for their protection.

Heritage in spaces for tourism. Territory, city and architecture: The graphic and literary production made available by travellers offers an approximation both to the urban scene (the historical city) and to its architects.

Cities that have inherited a large number of monuments will be the focus of trips and with this the documentation of travellers. Here we can glimpse the origin of tourism in historical centres. The territorial scale that it transcended the city itself attempted to show travel to us as itinerary, as an experience that linked different places, different landscapes. Tourism democratises travel and converts it into a right, in a social conquest of contemporaneity. The pressure now exerted by mass tourism on these spots opens up a channel of heritage research that deals with sustainability in terms of their protection against the tourism phenomenon, their accessibility and the definition of their infrastructure.

This involves investigating the regulation criteria, and also actions for their adaptation. Project-based strategies as well as studies on sustainability have an important role to play in this specific area, which establishes a meeting point with cross-disciplinary research area LT2 “Heritage, restoration and obsolescence in architecture and urban planning” and specific research area LE8 “Architecture in the Contemporary Reality”.

Today we can no longer speak of City and Heritage and avoid their touristic dimension. The city as a touristic product constitutes a field of research that works both on the analysis of process such as thematisation, excessive outsourcing resulting from the insertion of uses for tourism, and in the very definition of heritage values.

In addition, the promotion of the heritage of contemporary touristic architecture constitutes an emerging and crucial field in heritage-based tourism research.

Mass tourism, and rest as a right acquired in the 1960s and 70s is formalised in modern architecture, though disconnected from the rigours of production that is

183

PhD Programme in Architecture more committed to the construction of housing and social infrastructure. A field of experimentation away from the attentive gaze of academic and professional centres, it is only at the end of the 20th century when its study, cataloguing and protection starts to become generalised.

Present Challenges: Together with the aforementioned aspects, the coast as a tourist space par excellence linked to the sun and beach model is currently receiving the pressure of a growing and consolidated population. In Andalusia, for example, the urbanised area of the coast increased by 472% from 1956 to 2009, occupying practically 30% of the region’s coastline. Now over 35% of its population is concentrated there, an unstoppable trend that is predicted to grow at European and International levels, making it crucial, as we have already stated, to study its logic in all its complexity in a critical and interdisciplinary manner. The coastal regions where the phenomena began are now at a stage of consolidation as a permanently inhabited conurbation. Planned as a response to touristic demand, in general they lack the infrastructures and services of an urban region. With the challenge of understanding their logics, we can add the need for their necessary regeneration as a consolidated, permanently inhabited territory.

The concept of tourism itself has become diversified, with a change in the dynamics of the same reasons that make us visit and travel around a place.

The challenge of comprehending these new fields of action in tourism, and their relationship with the transformation of the region and its architecture constitutes one of the challenges of this area of research. Moreover, studies on recycling of obsolete touristic regions opens up the field of study into the recycling of their touristic definition. Investigating the new touristic phenomena and concepts is a challenge for architecture.

Relation of this research area with the Horizon 2020 strategy for research: In the definition of Challenge 6 “Europe in a changing world – Inclusive, innovative and reflective societies” there would be a need to understand the complexity and acceleration of the contemporary phenomena of territorial transformation linked to tourism and its consequences, and its historical definition, with specific reference to Humanities research. Likewise, the challenge specifies migratory flows as an area of work, a process that especially affects coasts.

184

LE7: Tourism and sustainability: architecture and infrastructures The research area would be defined within societal challenge 4 “Smart, green and integrated transport”, specifically in its general area focused on a “Better Mobility”.

The identification given to the touristic coastal regions with their infrastructural efficiency, their consideration as a response to a demand has been put ahead of accessibility and speed. Mobility studies grounded in the minimum consumption of resources, respect for the environment and, above all, in their consideration as a social service to citizens, have been put back. Lastly, the Horizon 2020 programme specifies that arts and humanities are a fundamental source of creativity for the application of new technologies.

How this Research Area fits into the PhD programme Specific Research Area 7 is directly linked to the following disciplines: • Architectural Composition – Architectural History, Theory and Composition – whose researcher-professors comprise Team 4 of this PhD programme.

• Architectural and Urban Projects, areas of knowledge whose professors comprise Team 5.

Link to other areas of research of the Programme.

As we have indicated in chapter A, the contents and methodology linked to this specific research area currently have links to the following other research areas in the programme: Specific Research Area LE6 “History of Architecture and Architectural Theory: Cultural Studies, Social Management, and the Creative City”; Cross-disciplinary Research Area LT3 “Cities, Territories and Landscapes”; and Specific Research Area LE8 “Architecture in the Contemporary Reality”.

There are, moreover, encounters with areas of knowledge that, although not specifically contained in LE7, participate in it. This is the case for the Specific Research Area LE5 “Architectural Analysis and Communication”, specifically in the field of study developed in section A.1.2. Historical and iconographic dimension of tourism.

Lastly, the pressing need to highlight these regions and their protection against the loss of values, precisely a consequence of their condition of tourist regions, cities and architecture, clearly incorporates Cross-disciplinary Research Area LT2 “Heritage,

185

PhD Programme in Architecture Restoration, and Obsolescence in Architecture and Urban Planning”. Although we consider this heritage dimension to be present in all of the proposed fields of study, we have explained it in detail in section A.1.3. Heritage in spaces for tourism. Territory, city and architecture.

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LE7 As already noted above and in contrast to well-established lines of research, the specific area of research “Tourism and sustainability. Architecture and infrastructures” is an emerging area.

C.1. Research projects on which we participate.

Along with the areas of study -history and theory, architectural design and urban planning- studies around tourist areas, we can state that the studies lean towards a strong interdisciplinarity.

1. The corridor of the N-340 motorwayas a historical axis of the Andalusian coast: characterisation methodologies and strategies contributing to its national heritage status and sustainable regeneration.

Main Researcher: Mar Loren, Universidad de Sevilla.

Funding Body: Agencia de Obra Pública, Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía. Convocatoria de Proyectos I+D+i (ref: G-GI3001/IDIS).

Duration: 2013-2015.

Abstract: In the framework of the R&D+i research projects, called by the Agencia de Obra Pública, Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía, the Universidad de Sevilla, has been awarded the project“. The N-340 corridoras an historical axis of the Andalusian coast: characterisation methodologies and strategies contributing to its national heritage status and sustainable regeneration”, with its lead researcher being Mar Loren and several researchers such asDaniel Pinzón and Ana B. Quesada, IUACC members. The research addresses the infrastructure of the former N-340 road as an historical axis of the Andalusian coastline, taking the Costa del Sol as a significant case study. From this perspective, the project aims to establish the criteria and priority areas for action to promote the cohesion of the area around the decisive role of the N-340, and the actions necessary for its sustainable regeneration based on its national heritage status.

186

LE7: Tourism and sustainability: architecture and infrastructures 2. Sustainability Observatory. Cochabamba 2020.

Funding programme: Proyecto de Investigaci贸n en Cooperaci贸n financiado por el IIA de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Ciencias del H谩bitat y becas del Programa de Formaci贸n Solidaria de la US. Starting dateing date: 01/12/2012. Finishing date: 31/12/2013 Main Researcher: Marko Quiroga (UMSS).

Abstract: In the context of the work being developed by the IIA. UMSS in the last two years, the 2020 Cochabamba project and the implementation of the Observatorio Urbano Territorial of all metropolitan areas of Cochabamba. The project developed certain promotion actions: A seminar on sustainability indicators of the district of Villa Coronilla and the workshop IN_OUT, developed together with the research group INGENTES at the University of Seville, has aimed to create the Dashboard of Urban Sustainability Indicators for Cochabamba that will have direct applicability within the OUT Observatory.

C.2. PhD theses.

1. Sustainable development in the conservation of the English Caribbean cultural landscape: The Caribbean Vernacular and the Role of the Spanish Architectonic Heritage of the Islands of Jamaica and Trinidad. Author: Patricia Elaine Green.

Director: Mar Loren. September 2012.

Abstract: This thesis reviews the architectonic heritage from Spanish colonization of English Caribbean territories, and the legacy produced prior to English and other European conquests from Spain. Investigation commences with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus to the Caribbean. Using the examples of the Spanish period on the island of Jamaica that ended 1655, and on the island of Trinidad until 1797 when both became English colonies, the research seeks to define their architectonic environment, as well as how this may represent the wider NonHispanic Caribbean. The thesis hopes to break the silence about the physical environment of prior Spanish settlements of the English Caribbean, in order to demonstrate potential linkages between Non-Hispanic and Hispanic regions of the Americas. It promotes the conservation of this heritage, and its integration into wider discourse presenting it for engagement at various levels of sustainable development in the Caribbean, including for cultural tourism.

187

PhD Programme in Architecture

C3. Selection of 10 research publications 1. Almodóvar Melendo, J.M., Pinheiro Klüppel, G., Souza Araujo S. (2011). Valores culturales y ecológicos de la arquitectura tradicional de Salvador, Brasil. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla y Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo.

2. Gámiz Gordo, A. (2012). J. F. Lewis’s original drawings of the Alhambra palaces (1832-33). EGA. Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 20: 76-87.

3. Loren, M., Quesada A. (2014). Reimagining the Mediterranean city of Malaga. From the ephemeral industrial dream to the construction of a touristic territory. Visibile Invisibile: percepire la città tra descrizioni e omissioni. Roma: Scrimm Edizioni.

4. Loren, M., Pinzón, D. (2014). Ideation process of Rudofsky’s house, Frigiliana.

Heritage value of its graphic documentation. Revista EGA Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica 24: 162-173. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ega.2014.2182 5. Millán Millán, P., Fernández-Valderrama (2014). L. Approach to the study of the processes of transformation of historic cities. The thematization. Revista EURE. 6. Quesada Arce, A.B. (2012, 19-22 Junio). The heritage of tourist territory. From winter resort to Costa del Sol, (1860-1955). Influences of painting and literary currents in the spaces of leisure and the transformation of landscapes. EN III International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development. Heritage 2012.

Oporto: 1.423-1.434.

7. Rubio Díaz, A., Fernandez-Valderrama L., Martin-Mariscal A., Millán-Millán, P. (2014). Una relectura acerca de las herramientas y los procesos del proyecto en las actuaciones del turismo en las riberas del Mediterráneo en el siglo XXI. REDAMED. Monográfico Actuaciones y procesos urbanísticos en las riberas del Mediterráneo en los inicios del siglo XXI. 8. Sánchez-Montañés Macías, B. (2009). Fundamentos arquitectónicos para un turismo sostenible, arte-facto c.c.c.

9. VV.AA. Loren, M. (Coord) (2014). Costagrafías. El litoral turístico como sistema de diferencias. La Costa del Sol, Sevilla: Secretariado de Publicaciones, Universidad de Sevilla.

188

LE7: Tourism and sustainability: architecture and infrastructures

References D.1. National and international reference groups.

Within the IUACC, there is a continuous production in relation to this specific line of research: - The Research Group HUM-666 Ciudad, Arquitectura y Patrimonio Contemporáneos, led by Carlos García Vázquez, has developed a specific research line on Coastal development and tourism, since 2005, focused on understanding the transformation logic of the coast as a tourist territory based on architectural history and theory.

-The research group in-gentes HUM-958 Investigación en Generación de Territorios led by Luz Fernandez-Valderrama, works specifically on the subject of Architecture and tourism. This research line, in turn, feeds on the group’s connections with the Fundación Rizoma, which has been working for years on the Costa del Sol. The IUACC has had an ongoing relationship with the research group of the Universidad de Granada HUM-813 Arquitectura y cultura contemporáneas, led by Juan Calatrava.

Specifically, Rafael de Lacour has worked intensely on the line “Architecture and tourism, landscape and coastline” and has collaborated with the group HUM-666. Also linked to the Universidad de Granada, the research group RNM-357 Laboratorio de Urbanismo y Ordenación del Territorio, has developed a line of work around the coastal territory and city, in this case more closely linked to urban planning, being particularly noteworthy the work of Rafael Reinoso Bellido. - The group HUM-064 HATUPASO at the Universidad de Málaga focuses specifically on issues of “habitability, tourism, national heritage and sustainability”. They are led by Carlos Rosa and Ricard Pié and thus are also linked to the UPC. - At the Universidad de Valencia the Research Group led by Vicente Mas Llorens focuses both on Cataloguing tourist architectures and on design strategies for regeneration, focusing on his studies in the Mediterranean area.

In contrast to these groups that are linked to schools of architecture, the Laboratori Multidisciplinar de Recerca en Turisme (LMRT) is located in the Departamento de Geografía, Historia e Historia del Arte de la Universidad de Gerona. José Antonio Donaire, a reference researcher in the field, was its founder and has worked in the tourist management of national heritage cities, land management and tourist areas, as well as on the concept of cultural tourism.

189

PhD Programme in Architecture Research groups at international level Internationally, we can identify the following groups, laboratories, and groups of researchers working on tourism research lines.

The Tourism Studies Working Group was established as an interdisciplinary group focusing on tourism. Linked in particular to the University of California at Berkeley, it includes six more universities from Northern California.

The Equipe Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Sur le Tourisme (l’EIREST) is within the Institut de recherche et d’études supérieures du tourisme (IREST) en Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne.

The Laboratory ESO-ANGERS “Espace Société” brings together researchers from the Universities of Angers alongwith three further French universities. It works from a transdisciplinary perspective on regional development, as well as from the point of view of analysis and social geography in general, being particularly productive in tourism.

At the Centre de la Méditerranée moderne et contemporaine, en la Université SophiaAntipolis in Nicethe object of study is the Mediterranean area, and particularly, its consideration as a tourist territory.

The Tourism Lab at the School of Tourism at Bournemouth University, with studies focusing on management strategies and information technologies applied to tourism.

The Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Tourisme Territoires Sociétés (LIToTeS), led by Anya Diekmann, covers the research activities of the l’Institut de Gestion de l’Environnement et d’Aménagement du Territoire (IGEAT), within the Department of the Facultad de Ciencias de l’Université Libre of Bruxelles, works on the production of tourist territory and its national heritage dimension.

D.2. Reference journals and publications to disseminate the current research The approach of this line is interdisciplinary and, therefore, together with very specific publications on tourism that accommodate it, its dissemination is manifold, addressing the historical and theoretical investigations of the transformations of the territory and the landscape, Infrastructure, Sustainability, Architecture and National Heritage, i.e., the most specific investigations in the Mediterraneanarea.

190

LE7: Tourism and sustainability: architecture and infrastructures 1. Annals of Tourism Research. JCR 2.795. Q1 2/38 2. Tourism Management. JCR 2.377. Q1 15/96 U.St. Q1 5/38 Tourism 3. European Urban and Regional Research JCR 1,542. Q1 9/38 U.St 4. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research JCR 1,625. Q1 6/38 U.St; Q1 12/55 P&Dev. 5. Cities JCR 1,836. Q1 4/38 U.St; 6. Journal of Transport Geography. JCR 2,214. Q1 5/29 Tr; Q1 8/76 G. 7. Coastal Management. JCR 1,013. Q3 64/96 8. Cultural Geographies. JCR 1,244. Q2 30/76 G. Q3 51/96 E.St. 9. Landscape and Urban Planning JCR 2,606. Q1 1/38 U.St. Q1 E. St. 10. Architecture Theory Review. Arts and Humanities Index.

11. Mediterranean Historical Review. Arts and Humanities Index.

191

SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREA 8 (LE8) Architecture in the Contemporary Reality [Coordinator: Antonio Barrionuevo]

Contents and methodology Today, architectural design has become a research activity immersed in the study of contemporary reality. A challenge for 21st-century professionals that opens new perspectives in the current scene, in which reality is observed, analysed, grounded and determined from the perspectives of very diverse disciplinary fields.

“Architecture in the Contemporary Reality” has been defined by architectural production which has been extended to disciplines such as philosophy, sociology, historiography, geography, biology, ecology, agriculture, botany, industry, tourism, engineering, urban planning, art, etc. Nowadays, the ultimate definition of Architecture is shaped by a combination of criteria from all of them.

Architecture is both art and technique at the service of society, and at the same time, a personal artistic expression of its creators. This social function of architecture is essential; it’s what justifies it in the first place. And it’s this social angle of Architecture that keeps it, or should keep it, at the margin of the dangerous selfabsorption that frequently troubles other artistic or technical forms of expressions.

And this is what turns it into something necessary, useful and vital.

We only have two paths to accomplish the successful creation of our home in the world: the path of science and the path of art. They are apparently very different, almost averse, but ultimately not. In architecture we can say indistinctively “art or technique” on the basis of the original meaning of both terms, because if currently they are seen as completely different fields, in Greek times they maintained the inseparable condition that is still retained in architecture. Art is that which brings us together with our desires and our passions. Science is something else – in it, imagination also plays a part, like in the arts, but it is reason that prevails.

193

PhD Programme in Architecture Research on the Architecture Project, and today’s understanding of it, should prepare us, as it always has, to confront the multi-faceted vision of “Contemporary Reality” with harmony and unity. To achieve this we need to be in tune with the times, and we must reflect about the way we live, finding strong criteria without which we risk becoming irrational.

Theory, Project and Critique in Architecture.

Opposed to the popular saying “theory opposes reality”, we should rather think that there is no reality without theory, as no authentic theory exists that doesn’t originate a specific reality.

Architectural theory in its anticipatory condition of reality creates hypotheses (either creative or interpretive) making possible the creation of its own architectural reality.

On the other hand, historical critique must draw upon the interpretation of already defined architecture.

Architecture, Technique and Art. ...”As we understand it, it is the theory’s role, to suppose and propose the conditions which make possible the constitution of a determined reality. In such a way that no architectural theory can be considered authentic without productive conditions in which architecture arises as work.”... ...”Architecture supposes arché and téchne.” Arché represents privilege and authority.

According to this, it is the “first” amongst other techniques and arts, not by order of appearance, but by hierarchical importance that corresponds to its condition of ars magna, a literal Latin translation of architecture.”...

(José Ricardo Morales, Arquitectónica. Sobre la Idea y el sentido de la arquitectura)

A1. Priority research in Specific Research Area 8 Despite being a specific line in the Department of Architectural Projects of the Seville’s School of Architecture, by its own nature, this research line acquires a crossdisciplinary dimension involving all of the fields that study anthropomorphic events of the environment, especially those related to sustainability and ecology. Therefore, it should develop all research work in a wide range of architecture fields.

194

LE8: Architecture in the Contemporary Reality Fundamental topics: Architecture and City: - Reforms in historical and peripheral neighbourhoods.

- Reclassification of obsolete architecture - Culture of Living: Domestic and Residential Architecture - Organising and Creation of Public Space Architecture and Territory: - Metropolitan park systems - Fluvial and Maritime Spaces, urban and territorial - Actions in Natural Space - Architecture of transport. Mobility Networks - Architecture and Industry

How this Research Area fits into the PhD programme Within the Architecture PhD Teaching Programme there is a coexistence between transversal and specific lines, amongst these we find the Specific Research Area 8 “Architecture in the Contemporary Reality�. Its nature, both general and specific, takes in the complexity of an architectural project, combining very different focuses and interests of contemporary society. It is connected to the following PhD programme areas: LT2. Heritage, Restoration, and Obsolescence in Architecture and Urban Planning.

LT3: Cities, Territories and Landscapes.

LT4. Contemporary Housing and Habitats.

LT5. Advanced Architecture.

LE5. Architectural Analysis and Communication LE6. History of Architecture and Architectural Theory: Cultural Studies, Social Management, and the Creative City LE7. Tourism and Sustainability: Architecture and Infrastructures.

Results of the last 3 years of the teachers seconded to LE8 C1. Research projects on which we participate.

1. Experimental actions of efficient construction systems in the Mediterranean residential sphere.

195

PhD Programme in Architecture Main Researcher: F. Javier Terrados Cepeda.

Participating Universities: Universidad de Sevilla (Coord.: F. Javier Terrados Cepeda), Universidad de Málaga (Coord: Alberto García Marín), Universidad de Jaén (Coord: Jorge Aguilera Tejero) y Universidad de Granada (Coord: Elisa Valero Ramos).

Project awarded in a competitive bid (Solar Decathlon Europe 2012). Private-public joint financing with liquid contributions of € 240,081.44 andmaterial, equipment and labour contributions of € 744,101, providedby 55 private companies in the construction sector, through 52 agreements signed with the Fundación Investigación Universidad de Sevilla. Project awarded in a competitive bid (Solar Decathlon Europe 2012). As a result of the project, we have the prototype “Patio 2.12” which won nine partial awards at the International Competition “Solar Decathlon Europe 2012”, including the Second Prize in the overall rating.

2. Construction systems for Low-Cost Efficient Housing with Renewable Energy (SIVER).

Main Researcher: Jorge Aguilera Tejero (Universidad de Jaén) Participating Universities: Universidad de Sevilla (Coord: F. Javier Terrados Cepeda), Universidad de Málaga (Coord.: Alberto García Marín) y Universidad de Jaén (Coord.: Jorge Aguilera Tejero).

Project awarded in a competitive bid (Proyectos I+D 2011-2013 de la Agencia de Obra Pública de la Junta de Andalucía). On the basis of the results of the previous project, the aim of this project is to assess the different types of construction solutions for low cost housing, subsidised housing and sustainable tourist accommodation, which incorporate renewable energy and are executed using industrialised systems.

3. Design and development of active, sustainable and industrialisable enclosures.

Restoration and new construction (OPTIMAL ENCLOSURE).

Participating Universities: Universidad de Sevilla (Main Researcher: F. Javier Terrados Cepeda), Universidad de Málaga (Main Researcher: Alberto García Marín) y Universidad de Jaén (Main Researcher: Jorge Aguilera Tejero). Participating companies: Ferrovial, Sierragres, Torinco, Solar Jiennense, Inerco Acústica e Yflow.

Project awarded in a competitive bid (Convocatoria 2013 del Programa Feder Interconecta Andalucía). Based on the results of the “Patio 2.12” project, the aim of this project is to develop new enclosure systems that are efficient, sustainable and suitable for light prefabrication and may contribute to the activation of the building market.

4. Analysis study and proposals for the architectural, urban and construction restoration of the “southern sector” of the city of Córdoba.

Main Researcher: Antonio Barrionuevo Ferrer.

Funding Body: Convenio VIMCORSA (Viviendas Municipales de Córdoba, S.A.).

196

LE8: Architecture in the Contemporary Reality Abstract: The purpose of this study is to conduct research in the comprehensive architectural and urban restoration of the Cordoba’s Southern Sector, one of the areas of growth of the city since the 60s. Firstly, the necessary work will be conducted to secure knowledge of the urban sector as regards both its historical and sociological reality and its architectural reality, by gathering all the existing information and putting together new knowledge from the field studies to be performed. After analysing the information obtained, we shall conduct a diagnosis as fine-tuned as possible regarding the current social, living, and construction characteristics of the sector, as a prior step to establishing global guidelines to guide the restoration process. Finally, we shall identify the various homogeneous areas within the sector, by performing specific projects for the recovery of both a selection of its most significant urban spaces and of the different types of housing blocks, adapting them to the new requirements.

5. Environmental suitability studies of river areas in the area of Sevilla as new public places of the city and territory.

Main Researcher: Antonio Barrionuevo Ferrer.

Funding Body: Convenio FIUS – TRAGSA Contrato: TSA0046496-19131668.

Abstract: This recently completed Research Project has two objectives: a. The contribution to the structure of the city of Sevilla of the New River Parks included in the General Land Use Plan of Sevilla. b. In considering that the contemporary reality of the city involves its complete territorialextension, the research proceeds to establish its new public spaces by enabling geographic areas related to river channels.

6. Econeighbourhood Versus Neighbourhood Restoration. Sustainably Obsolete Neighbourhood Improvement Project.

Funding Body: Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Economía, Innovación, ciencia y Empleo).

Main Manager: HABITEC. Main Researcher: María López de Asiaín.

Starting date: 26/11/2013. Finishing date: 31/12/2015.

Abstract: The project aims to generate a system or analysis protocol for urban realities that is easily usable and applicable to any area of Andalucía created between the years 1950-1970, whether or not it has been studied specifically; to detect signs of obsolescence and suggesting measures or interventions aimed at improving habitability and sustainability conditions.

197

PhD Programme in Architecture 7. Integrated Regeneration of Neighbourhoods in Valparaiso.

Funding Body: Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Proyectos de Cooperación sobre el terreno.

Main Researcher: Luz Fernández-Valderrama.

Abstract: Integrated Regeneration of neighbourhoods, centred on the Barrio Puerto of the city of Valparaiso, the founding neighbourhood of the city. The project is proposed as a continuation of previous actions undertaken in Cochabamba (Bolivia), also in the founding neighbourhood of the city, and aims to organise a research seminar bringing together researchers from Bolivia and Chile, from different fields (universities, research institutes and field agents of the actions), in order to extrapolate its results and devise new strategies. In parallel, a “national heritage education” action was devised, creating intergenerational actions connecting adults and students from institutes in Barrio Puerto by means of a series of workshops and actions intended to achieve understanding and self-construction of the national heritage of Valparaiso.

8. Reconstruction following the Earthquake/Tsunami in Southern Chile: Neighbourhood Regeneration.

Funding Body: Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Proyectos de Cooperación sobre el terreno.

Main Researcher: María Prieto Peinado Abstract: Proyecto de colaboración con el INVI de la Universidad de Chile, en los trabajos de Reconstrucción de determinadas localizaciones: Constitución, Curicó, Cauquenes, Llico y Talca. The project reconstructs the process of putting into action the different phases of aid and reconstruction work undertaken since the 2010 earthquake event. The monitoring has enjoyed the collaboration of the researchers of the INVI, as well as the involvement of local actors, as is the case of the Neighbourhood Committees created for the occasion and the local NGOs providing advice and support to the victims.

9. Preparatory Action by the Network for the Comprehensive Restoration of Neighbourhoods in Historic Centres: Cochabamba-Valparaíso-Sevilla.

Funding Body: AECID (Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional y Desarrollo), Programa PCI (Programa de Cooperación Inter-universitaria). Universidad de Valparaiso (CHILE), Universidad Mayor de San Simón (BOLIVIA) y la Universidad de Málaga.

Main Researcher: Luz Fernández-Valderrama.

Duration: 2011-2013.

198

LE8: Architecture in the Contemporary Reality Abstract: The project means the Starting date of the international network on the integrated regeneration of neighbourhoods, creating joint research between the directing universities: Universidad de Sevilla, Málaga (España), Valparaíso (Chile) and Universidad Mayor San Simón de Cochabamba (Bolivia). The project considers two lines of work, the first, the need to work in neighbourhoods that contain cultural spaces aimed at human and local development. The second objective will be to work on the RESEARCH-MANAGEMENT-ACTION line, acting on collaborative projects involving players from the world of research (universities), management (cultural and administrations) and local action.

10. Healthy housing and environment: a model for the restoration of neighbourhoods, Cochabamba.

Funding programme: Proyecto de Investigación en Cooperación financiado por el Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Investigación en Cooperación.

Starting date: 01/06/2012. Finishing date: 31/12/2013.

Main Researcher Carolina Ureta.

Abstract: This project, designed by researchers with an interdisciplinary approach (Architecture-Geography Human-Nursing), and by three Universities (Seville-MalagaHuelva), inherits methods and tools of the three disciplines (such as the use of qualitative surveys, the use of GIS or projective tools), in an attempt to generate a specific work methodology to design a model for Restoration of Neighbourhoods.

This will make possible to establish a dashboard of indicators for the design and evaluation of what we call “healthy housing and environments” at a later stage of this project. This project has facilitated a field study in which researchers from the Research Group TEP-238 INGENTES will work together in collaboration with researchers from the Research Institute of the Facultad de Arquitectura y Ciencias del Hábitat de la Universidad Mayor San Simón (RESEARCH), and local actors in the neighbourhood of Villa Coronilla(ACTION), with whom we will work by means of the mediation by the cultural managers (MANAGEMENT) of the project mARTadero, centre for development through art and culture.

11. History for Action: Restoration of Neighbourhoods through Values.

Funding programme: Proyecto de Investigación en Cooperación financiado por el Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Cooperación sobre el terreno.

Main Researcher: Luz Fernández-Valderrama.

Starting date: 31/10/2012. Finishing date: 31/06/2014.

Abstract: The project aims to work in building neighbourhood identity through collaborative work between the Cooperation group ArTeS, the UMSS, the

199

PhD Programme in Architecture mARTadero and the residents of the neighbourhood of Villa Coronilla in Cochabamba.

This project aims to organise workshops for “social training”, creating collaborative actions to achieve the objectives set. As part of these actions, it holds a Signs and Symbols Workshop, in collaboration with the Design students from the Facultad de Arquitectura de la UMSS, and a Micro-Histories Workshop from the Neighbourhood.

12. Training and transfer in restoration and improvement of neighbourhoods: research, management, action.

Funding programme: Proyecto de Investigación en Cooperación financiado por el Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Formación y Transferencia.

Main Researcher: Luz Fernández-Valderrama.

Starting date: 31/10/2012. Finishing date: 31/12/2013.

Abstract: The desire to work collaboratively to develop multidimensional strategies that contribute to improve people’s lives through the improvement of their living environment, articulated under the project “Restoration or improvement of Neighbourhoods”, has led to the pooling of researchers from the universities of Sevilla and Malaga (Spain), Cochabamba (Bolivia) and Valparaiso (Chile) to work together on different consecutive actions. Finally, proposed as part of this project is the activation of a new line of work inLima, through the application made by teachers of the Universidad de Ingeniería of Lima, a city in which the Cultural Arenas y Esteras space is located, a cultural space of reference in cultural management. This action made it possible to expand the RED INTERNACIONAL DE BARRIOS, from the PCI, by incorporating a new neighbourhood (Villa el Salvador) and cultural space (Arenas y Esteras), as a new laboratory for working with art and creativity as a tool for social activism.

13. The urban planning of non cities: from vulnerable clandestinity to sustainable visibility. Territorial and urban integration of illegall settlements on land which cannot be developed.

Funding Body: Agencia de Obra Pública de la Junta de Andalucía. Fondos Feder.

Programa: Contrato de servicios de Proyectos I+D+i de la Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía.

Starting date: 15/11/2013. Finishing date: 31/03/2015.

Main Researcher: Antonio Piñero Valverde.

Researchres: Daniel Antúnez Torres, Diego Morales Gómez de la Torre, José Mª.

Morillo Sánchez, Victoriano Sainz Gutiérrez.

Abstract: The topics to be addressed in the proposed research work are based on the need to provide solutions that are different from those implemented so

200

LE8: Architecture in the Contemporary Reality far by urban planning to address the housing problem underlying these scenarios, characterised by a situation of illegality, legal uncertainty, technical insecurity of consolidated residential buildings and habitability problems. These are areas of socio-economic vulnerability have consequences, frequently irreversible, on the natural, productive and environmental values of the land that cannot be developed.

Their identification, containment, and appropriate urban planning treatment through innovative and differentiated legislation-management-intervention formulas -according to the various characteristics displayed by the settlements- must become, today, one of the main priorities of the Andalusian authorities with jurisdiction over housing and town planning in the territory.

14. Development of a training programme in planning, local urban development and basic habitability for strengthening the skills of local technicians in Nicaragua.

Funding: Proyecto de Investigación en Cooperación financiado por el Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Modalidad Proyectos de Cooperación sobre el Terreno.

Main Researcher: Domingo Sánchez Fuentes.

Abstract: It focuses on the development of a Training Programme for strengthening the technical skills of the technicians of the 153 municipalities in Nicaragua, adapting to the needs identified through the methodology established in this project, arising at the request of the AACID, the INVUR, the UNI and the Alcaldía de Managua. The contents will be defined based on the problems identified and the lack of training in planning, local urban development and basic habitability of the local technicians, mainly in two basic issues: the sustainable territorial and urban planning of the Nicaraguan municipalities and the sustainable regulation of spontaneous and informal human settlements.

15. Participatory methodology for the social regeneration of spontaneous and informal Nicaraguan settlements. Implementation in the neighbourhood of Perfecto Gutiérrez in San Rafael del Sur. Funding Body: Proyecto de Investigación en Cooperación financiado por el Plan Propio de Cooperación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Modalidad Proyectos de Cooperación sobre el Terreno.

Main Researcher: Domingo Sánchez Fuentes.

Abstract: The project aims to build a methodology for the social regeneration of neighbourhoods that will serve as a pilot project for the implementation of new strategies in the regeneration of spontaneous and informal settlements and to build a model that the Nicaraguan government can use in all regeneration processes developed by INVUR in the country, with the aim of comprehensively increasing the

201

PhD Programme in Architecture degree of habitability and promoting the social regeneration of the settlements.

Besides designing this intervention methodology and its application in the case of the neighbourhood of Perfecto Gutierrezis great contribution to the Training Programme that we are designing with the Government and the Nicaraguan university, which aims to improve the skills of their technicians. It will allow them to note the positive impact that this conduct creates within the social fabric. Participation on PhD theses recently presented orunder execution at our School that are in some way related to this line.

C2. PhD theses.

1. Chuquicamata: the industrial heritage of a mining village in the Chilean desert.

Author. Alejo Gutierrez Viñuales (Chile). 19/02/2012. Director: Pablo Diañez Rubio.

2. Tracing new schemes: active study of the urban landscape and proposed national heritage measures for the generation of new infrastructure. Santiago de Chile.

Author: Vladimir Enrique Pereda Feliú (Chile) 16/10/2012. Directors: Pablo Diañez Rubio, José Ramón Moreno Pérez.

3. Cataloguing of real estate forming part of the Spanish national heritage through its regulatory instruments. Analysis of its materialisation in the properties catalogued as historic buildings of Cordoba. Author: Teresa Barrie Zafra. 05/03/2013.

Directors: Maria Lourdes Royo Naranjo, Pablo Diañez Rubio.

4. Management of traditional know-how as an active national heritage resource in the cultural and environmental functions of the territory. Author: Catherine Rosas Bustos (Chile). 05/03/2014. Director: Pablo Diañez Rubio.

5. Projects on the margin. Author: María Prieto. Director: Luz Fernández Valderrama.

International Rank Thesis, international advisers: Carlos Lara Aspeé (Universidad de Valparaíso) and Paola Jirón (Universidad de Chile e INVI). 25/01/2013.

6. Architecture in science fiction movies.The functions of architecture in the representation of the future. Author: Juan Antonio Cabezas Garrido. Director: Francisco Montero Fernández. 2014.

Abstract: When a viewer sees a film, so begins the interaction of virtual elements, the elements of the cinematographic language, with their real-life counterparts.

It is at this moment that architecture comes into play as a participant in the cinematographic product, where a feedback process emerges between the real architecture and the architecture in the film, as there is mutual influence. The cinema,

202

LE8: Architecture in the Contemporary Reality in this process, returns a modified version of reality, from which it once again takes its elements for a subsequent transformation. Comparing the scale in architectural representation with that in cinematographic representation makes us wonder to what extent the representation of architecture in film becomes a counterpart to the architectural process, but which rather than being constructed in reality, does so between the projection and the mind of the viewer, in a form of “collaborative construction”. We must wonder whether real architecture is not a similar process, being only a whole together with the experience of those who inhabit it.

7. Socialised beauty. Project methodology for building/rediscovery of the identity structure at the scale of the new Netcity through the use of rural and natural areas. The case study of the Natural Park of the Bahía de Cádiz. (2011). Author: Ángel González Morales. Director: Domingo Sánchez Fuentes.

Abstract: This research work is based on the current need to define new elements and structures which, from the perspective of architecture and territorial design, allow us, on the one hand, to work according to the current dimensions of the urban reality, i.e. the territorial scale of the city-region and, secondly, to seek new mechanisms and instruments of dialogue and relationship, integration and symbolic mediation, which, through creativity and responsibility, facilitate the creation and reinvention of old and new synergies existing in the territory. A Starting dateing idea is proposed to address the two requeriments described above, which constitutes the fundamental hypothesis and central focuses of the methodology developed: to find the origin and basis of these new terms and project tools, not in the urban environment, but rather outside the city, on the periphery, in certain natural-rural areas which possess the appropriate scale and capacity and the symbolic-affective potential to become the foundation of a process of adaptation, development and protection of the character and identity of a particular place.

8. Urban rivers and river cities: criteria for integrated urban planning. The example of Rome. (2012). Author: Marina Marcuz. Directors: José León Vela y Victoriano Sainz Gutiérrez.

Abstract: There is without doubt a mutual and continuous conditioning between a natural element, such as a river, and the city, construed as a place to perform the activities, expectations and desires of people. Human action has produced radical changes in the shape and image of both elements with important consequences, especially in the perception of the natural environment. Such changes, which have emerged in particular in the last hundred years, have produced and still produce that the citizen changes their perception about the river, more or less consciously, but real.

203

PhD Programme in Architecture This paper intends to shed light on the convergence and distance relationship between the river and the city, by extrapolating some general principles to a large part of river cities. Highlighting common issues of river cities and establishing a dialogue between operators in the sector is of paramount importance and interest, heightened especially in the last decade when common study areas were founded between European cities. Particularly important is the identification of the characteristics and expressive potential of urban contexts to the north and south of the Tiber pass through Rome, definable as gateways to the city and identifiable, therefore, as symbolic places to which special attention must be paid in the development of the river-city relationship, anticipating the scenarios that are displayed along the course of the Tiber.

9. Where Architecture lives. The invisible landscape of the Bahía de Cádiz as a cognitive model of the project. Author: Emilio Garrido Castellano. Director: Antonio Tejedor Cabrera. January 2012.

10. Infrastructures for disorder: strategies for intervention in the public space in social housing neighbourhoods. The case of London. Author: Pablo Sendra Fernández. Directors Antonio Tejedor Cabrera and Carlos García Vázquez. April 2014.

C3. Selection of 10 research publications Books: 1. Terrados, F.J. “Prefabricación ligera de viviendas. Nuevas premisas”. Secretariado de publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla, 2012. ISBN: 978-84-472-1475-4.

Chapters Books: 2. D. Sánchez Fuentes, “The Regeneration of Litoral Space at Doñana”, en AA. VV., Doñana. Out of the City, Dipartimento di Architettura e Pianificazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milán 2012, pp. 71-79.

3. V. Sainz Gutiérrez & J. M. Lerdo de Tejada, “El Plan General de Ordenación Urbana de 1963 y sus repercusiones”, en F. Díaz del Olmo & P. Almoguera Sallent (eds.), Sevilla, la ciudad y la riada del Tamarguillo (1961). Inundación y renovación urbana en Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 2014, pp. 215-246.

4. M. Castrillo Romón, A. Matesanz Parellada, D. Sánchez Fuentes & A. Buitrago Sevilla, “¿Regeneración urbana? Reconstrucción y reconstrucción de un concepto incuestionado”, Papeles de Relaciones Ecosociales y Cambio Global, nº 126 (2014), pp. 129-139.

204

LE8: Architecture in the Contemporary Reality Scientific papers: 5. V. Sainz Gutiérrez, “Rethinking housing, reinventing the city. The transformation of the la Mina distrit of Barcelona.”, Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura, nº 5 (2012), pp.

108-127.

6. A. Ricardo da Costa, V. Sainz Gutiérrez & F. Brandão Alves, “Alvar Aalto and Michelangelo. The Emergence of Synthesis in Urban Design”, Urban Design International, vol. 13, nº 3 (2013), pp. 185-199.

7. F. J Terrados y D. Moreno. “’Patio’ and ‘Botijo’: Energetic strategies’ architectural integration in ‘Patio 2.12’ prototype”, “Energy and Buildings”, Mayo 2014.

ISSN: 0378-7788.

8. B. García-Domingo, M. Torres-Ramírez, J. de la Casa, J. Aguilera y F.J. Terrados., “Design of the back-up system in Patio 2.12 photovoltaic installation” in “Energy and Buildings, Mayo 2014. ISSN: 0378-7788.

9. F. J. Terrados, L. Baco Castro y D. Moreno. “Patio 2.12: Vivienda prefabricada, sostenible, autosuficiente y energéticamente eficiente. Participación en la Competición Solar Decathlon Europe 2012” in “Informes de la Construcción”, journals ISSN 1988-3234.

10. Terrados. F. J. “Project Arkit. The home as a furniture kit”, “Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura” nº6, Sevilla 2012. ISSN 2171-6897. Págs. 114-129.

References D1. National and international reference groups.

Grupo de Investigación HUM 411: La Casa y el Lugar: Territorio de la Arquitectura.

Main Researcher: Antonio Barrionuevo Ferrer.

Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Sevilla.

Grupo de Investigación HUM-710: Cuidad, Paisaje y Territorio.

Main Researcher: Pendiente de nombramiento Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Sevilla.

205

PhD Programme in Architecture Laboratorio del Paisaje Cultural Main Researcher: Joaquin Sabaté Bel DUOT (Departamento de Urbanismo y Ordenación del Territorio) UPC, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña.

Aqua Metropolis Osaka.

Main Researcher: Koichi Kana.

Department of Urban Engineering.

Osaka City University Graduate School.

Osaka. Japan Laboratorio INAMA de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Marsella (Francia).

Grupo “Città e territorio: trasformazioni e progetti” del IUAV de Venecia (Italia).

Grupo de Investigación del Depto. de Urbanismo de la TU de Delft (Holanda).

CEAU de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Oporto (Portugal).

Laboratorio de Urbanismo de Barcelona de la Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña (España).

Grupo de Investigación de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Sostenibilidad de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (España).

HUM- 700. Patrimonio y Desarrollo Urbano Territorial en Andalucía.

Main Researcher: María Teresa Pérez Cano Departamento: Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio. Universidad de Sevilla.

Domingo Sánchez Fuentes forma parte de este grupo de investigación Grupo de Investigación en Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Sostenibilidad.

Main Researcher: Agustín Hernández Aja Departamento: Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Domingo Sánchez Fuentes forma parte del equipo que desarrolla el proyecto de investigación del Plan Nacional I+D+i 2008-2011 “ESTRATEGIA PARA EL DISEÑO Y EVALUACIÓN DE PLANES Y PROGRAMAS DE REGENERACIÓN URBANA INTEGRADA. LA INTERVENCIÓN EN LAS PERIFERIAS ESPAÑOLAS A TRAVÉS DE LAS ÁREAS DE REHABILITACIÓN INTEGRAL Y EL PROGRAMA URBAN”

D2. Reference journals and publications to disseminate the current research Journal interested in Architecture in the Contemporary Reality 1. Eure (Santiago).

2. INVI - Revista del Instituto de la Vivienda. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Chile.

206

LE8: Architecture in the Contemporary Reality 3. Arquitectura. Revista de Arquitectura.

Centro de Investigaciones Facultad de Arquitectura.

Universidad Católica de Colombia.

4. URBAN. Revista del Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del territorio.

5. Ciudad y Territorio. Estudios territoriales.

6. Arquitectura. Madrid 7. Arquitectura Viva.

8. Documentos de Arquitectura.

9. El Croquis.

10. Quaderns d’arquitecture i urbanisme.

Journals in spanish: 11. Urban 12. Ciudades 13. Ciudad y territorio. estudios territoriales 14. Bitácora urbano territorial 15. Revista iberoamericana de urbanismo Anglo journals indexed: 16. Environment and planning A y D 17. Environment and urbanization 18. European urban and regional studies 19. International journal of urban and regional research 20. Journal of the American Planning Association 21. Landscape and urban planning 22. Urban studies 23. European planning studies 24. Journal of urban design 25. Journal of urban history 26. Urban design international 27. Urban history 28. Journal of planning history 29. Planning theory 30. Regional studies 31. Town planning review 32. Urban morphology

207