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- Bret Harte

. 'Once m o re I see the rocking ma~ts.

That scrape the sky. , .

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SOUVENIR PROGRAM

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Seventh Annual Sangerfest

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Pacific Coast Norwegian Singers' Association SEPTEMBER 2,3,4, 5, 1910

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Under the Auspices of the Norden Singing Society, Eureka, California .......

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Pacific Coast Norwegian Singers' Association

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GRAND OFFICERS

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ENGE BRE T SE:\, President, . Eureka. Cal. C. W . WIDN ESS, First Vice Pres., E ureka, Cal. K. AN DERS EN , Second Vice P res., San Francisco A. H A LLI NG, Corresponding Secretary, Eureka, Cal.

H O LDEK THOMASS EN , Asst. Cor. Sec., E ureka.

T. GUN DERSEN , Reco rding Sec., E ureka, Cal. G. M. GREGER SEN , Treasurer, Eureka, CaL O. LIE N, Marshal, Stanwood, ,,,rash.

CARLO A. SPERA 1'1, Mus. Direc., Decorah , Iowa.

LIST OF SOCIETIES

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l\o rdtmendenes Sangforening, T acoma.

Norc\m<endenes Sangforening, Stanwood . ~ ordm<t!ndenes Sangforening, Silvana.

Sa ngfo reningen Norden, Ballard. \ 'ikin g NIandskor, A berdeen.

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IDAH Nordmrendenes Sa ngiorening. P otlach.

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OREGON l\ on lm,endenes Sangfo rening . Portla nd.

Sangfo reningen Lrerken, Astoria.

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W ASI IINGT O'\i N ordmrendenes Sangforening , Spokane.

Norclmrendenes Sangforening, Everett.

Nordm<endenes Sangforening, Seattle.

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CALIFOR NIA

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N orc1m~elldenes

Sang forening. San Francisco.

:\orclen Singing Societ)f, Eureka.

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FRED ENGEBRETSEN

President

A. HALLING Corresponding Secretary

G. M. GREGERSE=-< Treasurer

K . ANDERSEN

Second Vice-President

C. W. WIDNESS F irst Vice-Presiclent

CARLO A. SPERATI, Musical Director

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T HOi\IAS~ E),1'

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T . GUNDERSRN Recording Secretary

Secretary

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LIE),1' l\larsh a l

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FestivalCommittees EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE H. \\1". H A l\ SEN, President FRE D E :-J GEBRE TSE:-J . V ice P resident HOLBEK T HO ~L\S S E N, Cor. Secretary )J . C. QUI ST, Recording Secretary J. R. P E DERSON, Treasurer.

C. \\. \Vidn ess E inar Thomson A. R . Abraham sen

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HOLB E K THO MAS SE!\ , Chairm an E inar Thomson Fred Engebretsen REFRESHMENT COMMITTEE

;\. C. Q UIST, Chairman C. W. \iVidness A . R. Abraham sen DECORATION COMMITTEE

FINANCE COMMITTEE F RED E )JGEB RE TS El\ . Chairman R. Pederson A. R. Abrahamsen

C. YV. W ID l\ E SS. Chairman H olbek Thomassen T. Gundersen Con Christian sen Fred Herman sen Rudolph Han sen Einar Thomson A. Anderson

MUSIC AND PROGRAM COMMITTEE H O L BE K T HOMA SSEN, Chairman C. \Y . Widn ess Fred· En gebretsen HOTEL COMMITTEE J. R. PEDE RSON , Chairman )J . C. Qui st H olbek Thomassen

PARADE COMMITTEE

C. \tv . W I D:--J ESS. Chairman ;\. HALLI NG, Secretary Carl Chri stiansen F red H erman sen F red E ngebretsen BANQUET COMMITTEE

TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE FRED E NG E BRETSE N, Chairman E in ar Thomson :-J . C. Quist

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PRESS COMMITTEE

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.-\. R. .-\ BR.-\H :\ ~l SE :-J, Chairman Einar Thomson J. R. Pederson

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Engebretsen

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EXECCTlVE

Thomassen

CO~L\ITTTEE

Wirlness

Perlerson

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Reception Committees

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H. Thomassen H. \V. Hansen N . C. Quist T. Gundersen Pederson O. Karlsen A. Halling

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Rev. P. llorup F. Erlandsen H. Larsen Fred Hermansen Con Christiansen Carl Christiansen "-\. Anclersen

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W. \\"idness E. Thom son Rnd. I-Iansen .-\. Quarnhei1l1 c\. R..-\brahal11sen Fred Eng'ebretsen

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LADIES' RECEPTION COMMITTEE ~IRS. P. HOR l" P, President :'IIRS. J. R. l'EDERSO)J. Secretary 'Miss Valborg Christensen }'[ rs. J. Overgaard ~Hiss Dagny Christensen Mrs. G. rvI. Gregersen 1\trs. O. Aune ~fr~. A. C. Larsen 1\1rs. Haakon Hansen

Miss Selma )Jilsen

i\Iiss ~linnie )Jilsen

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.\liss H. Isaacksen Gertie Holm }liss Mabel Thoresen 1\Iiss Sophie Jacob sen l\Iiss Hazel Johnsen ~liss Camilla Jensen }Iiss Anna Klel11J1letsen ~Iiss Alice Tennesen ~riss Laila Berry 1\lrs. Harold Han sen i\ f r;:;. Fred Engebretsen l\I rs. P eter Jensen ~Iiss

~Iiss ~Iarie ~riss ~Iiss

~J rs. ~I r5. ~I rs. ~Irs. ~I rs.

~Irs. ~Irs. ~I rs.

Christensen .-\lice ;.,Jess Lina N ess ;.,J. C. Quist E. Thomson C. ;.,J . Jensen P. E. Petersen S. Siljan Osuf \;\Tick O. Karlsen Fred Erlandsen

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General Festival Program

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Singers' Headquarters, Humboldt Club, Third and G Streets

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Friday, September Second EVEKI~G

6 :00.

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Reception at Headquarters.

P residing Chairman , Fred Engebretsen (a) Address of \iVe\com e on behalf of City Mayor \Y. L. Lambert (b ) Selection N orden Singing Society (c) Address of We\come on behalf of Local H. \Y . Hansen Sing ers F . A. T omte, Portland ( d ) Respon se Th. F. Hamann (e ) Remarks Pro f. Carlo A. Sperati (f ) Remark s

Saturday, September Third 9 :00.

7 :00.

8 :30.

Sunday, September Fourth

R ehearsal Grand Chorn s at Occidental Pavilion

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Grand Concert at Ingomar Theatre EVE NING

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Social at Headquarters

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Monday, September Fifth MOR N ING

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General Business :Meeting at H eadquarters

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Excursion through City to Sequoia Park

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R ehearsal Grand Chorus at Ingomar Theatre

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AFTER:\OON

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Formation for Grand P arade at Headquarters Grand Concert at Occidental P avilion

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Danqnet at Headquarters

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W. L. LAMBERT 1\1ayor, City of Et: r cka

TH. F. HAlVIAN::-.!

Delegat路! of :>:orthwestern ?\orwegian

Si nger s' .'\ssociation

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Occidental Pavilion, Saturday, September Third, at 8:30 P. M. 1.

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Grand Concert

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::\'of\\'eg ian Dances. :\10. 2 and 3 Gricg Festival O rchestra Varde ( The Si g-nal Fire) - Johanll es Haarl"l ou ( naritone Solo by Mr. "'If agnu~ H an :,en ) U nited ~ ingers . '. . (a ) :\aar FJ o rdene 1.laaner - .·lIt/ ed PUlllsell ( b ) Carr y '\Ie Back to O ld V irg inia - J. Blalld :\ o rd11l <end enes San g fo renmg , Po rtlan(1

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J. O. B c n~ Director .: , :l

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O verture: H ung arian Lu sbpiel j{ cia-B ela Festival O rchestra On the Sea Dudley Buclz I

United Silwers

C. A, A rntz en ( a ) Studenters~ng ~ b ( Il! ~I v Old K entucky I-Tome Pastc'r S ' f .

L <e r k'en , "\ ,; t o na . ~ ang o rel11ngen E'a. ,.., '.'/ aII D /.I'· CC · t 0/ .

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U d.£' " n a rom p. a ravlata vcr I

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No nlm;enden es Sangforening , Spokan e

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So uvel11rs de be1l1l11 A/ tot ,\1 r , Olo f Bull -}{ or oss S yea 0 We(1'IS·11 "• ~ a t'lona I H yn111 ·).

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I ·' C,11II1[(1r ·v· ellller Jerg L- 't I S' . ' . 111 e( 1l1gers c: (' ') S· I ' S G, nc" ' 1-1-.

O. a , 0 vel '),s on')' ( b ) \'ugg~' i se ,.., Gric:~ (c ) Cloverfie ld / 1gatli c Grolldahl l.~, .\Ime, '\I aj a Gloe rsen H ui tfeldt 7, . \111l ~ Knutsdatter . . r. A , Reissip. er C, A lip;. PCtcrsc'lI, Direc tor :\ O f(I~11Ceden es Sang to re111ni5" T acoma I(), ( a ) Landk i enclin g (Land Si o'lning') G cor~ r S. Johllsoll , Di rect o r ) , T b " \ '01m(T S Ia~e't . (TI1e D,a ttl e 0 t' \ -0 Imer ) P. . leI ' ( bantone Solo by M r. h.r. U r s1I1 ). o0 .

7 else Lnited Sing-e r ~ an d O rchestra (b ) S~a: S pal~ gled Bann er Fin: '\'fJ :\ U T I~~ T x TElnll ss l o~ L l11ted S111g-ers and O rch estra

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CARLO A. SPERATI

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Accompanist

Director. in-Chie!

CLIFFORD M, CHAPIN Concert Master

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Grand Concert

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Ove rture: "Franz Schubert" 5 upp e Festi va l O rchest ra 2. O la f T rygvason F. rl. R eissiger U nited Singers 3. (a) Fiska ren aat so nen sin Ei1'illd /Jal Jl es W cst 111 01/ ( b ) Chimes Nordmcendenes Sangforeni ng, Seattle R udolp h Mo ller, Director 4. Sonata O p. 8, fo r V iolin an d P iano, , Grieg M r. O lof Bull and NI r. Kr. U r sin .J .

E ruclefcerclen i Hardanger (A B ri dal Pa rty on the H a rcl ange rfj orcl) J( j er lllf U nited Sin gers 6. (a) Summer Chami1/ade (b ) The Message K r. Ursin M me. Maja Gloe rse n H uitfe ldt 7. (a) Tonernes F lug t Osca r B org (b ) O ld F olks at H ome Co le :\ o r d111;1~ncle n es Sangfo rening, San Francisco A. Ph ilstrolll.. Director 8. Pilg rim s Choru s Wag ner U nited Singers a nd O rchestra FI VB M I NUTES INT£RmSSlON

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D ances, No.2 and 3 Grieg Festi val O rchestra 10. The S ig nal Reso unds frolll A fa r - Du dley B Uell Uni ted Singers 11. (a) Den hvi de ro de Rose O. F. H agem an ( b ) A nni e La uri e Eme rso'll ;'oJo rd lll"ende nes Sang forening, Eve rett 1. W . Oycn, Director 12. Polonaise frolll Op. M ig non Th omas M me. lVJaj a Gloe r sen H uitfeldt 13. (a) Ossia n I. B eschll itt ( b ) L ike the vVoodlan d Roses Franz Mair No rden S ing ing' Society, E ureka 'H . Thomasse n, Director 14. (a) Roma nce from 2nd Conce rto . Wielliawski (b) Serenade D rdla ?Ii r. O lcif B ull l~ .

Den sto re IlVide Flok ( Th e G reat W hite l\IJulGr·i eg ti tu de) :-'Jl1le. ~Vraj a Gloer sen H lIit fc lt and U nited S ingers l (). (a) Landkj ending (Land S ig htin g) - Grieg (Baritone So lo, M r. Kr. D rsin ) ( h ) Sta r Spang led Bann er

U nited Singers and O rchestra

KR. URSIN

CARLO A. SPERATI

Accompanist

Director-in-Chief

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Program Notes "VARDE" (The Signal Fire.)

This poem by Per Side was a powerful agency in the national revival which was effected in Norway, the latter years of the Nineteenth Century. H e takes a well-known picturt> from Norway's past and applies it to Norway as it now is.

111 the night the husbandman hears a pounding on the door, and when he asks what it is all about, he is answered that the beacon is burning on the mountain top. This is a sigml, to the people, that an enemy is in the country and that every man must fight for home and country. All the men arm themselves with shield and axe, which a long time have hung unused upon the wall. As the beacons are lighted up through the country the people gather for the coming fray and are mustered for battle. Woe unto those who have dared to invade the country to harass it. Such will surely find out what it means that the beacons "are awake."

The Norsemen ha\;e always stood as one man, whe11 it was necessary to defend the fatherland.

This picture Sivle applies to the present Norway, ex­ pressing the hope that it may never be said of Norway that the country is without the beacon watchers. Even though the b{acons are not lighted from one end of the country to the other when the hour of distress is at hand, still the readiness to defend, and the love of country, live like a lighted beacon in the heart of every Norseman. This beacon, Sivle is certain, will shine clearer and brighter each year. And contemporary history shows that his hope was based on a thorough knowledge of the Norwegian people. Better proof of thi s cannot be adduced, than the practically unanimous approval of the acts of the government in 1905. Per Sivle knew the character of his people. The "Varde" burns, always, in the hearts of Norway's sons .

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OLOF BULL

Violinist

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LANDKJENDING.

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(Recognition o f Land) (Olaf Trygvasoll, in exile from earliest childhood, returns frolll Ireland, where he had been chris tened , back to l\orway to take charge of his kingdom and o,'erthrow the pagans,) A nd it was OI,IV Trygvason Sailing o'er the North Sea wide, Bearing hope to found a kin gdom Far on the other side, Yonder the dark cliffs appearing Like a battlement loom, their dark crests rearing.

Be Illy faith as yonder mountains, Root as deeply, shin e as purely; And as thesc my faith strive upward , On to Him, the AIl-Crcator.

And it was Olav Trygvason, Found he ne'er a spot of land­ Ee'n lik e the waves th c royal desire Shattered upon the st rand.

"Sec," cried the bard, upleaping, "Yonder snow covcred peaks o'e r cloud banks peepll1g,

Olav's prayer be ours to uttcr, As wc near the Throne of Merc,':

Hearts are swelling, sou ls arc yearlling­

God, to Thee a lon e be glory!

Be, my faith , as yonder mountains,

Root as deeply, sh in e as purcly;

And as these my soul st ri,'c upw a rd, On to Him, th e A ll-Creator,

On to God, On to God' -Bjornstj crne Bj o rnsoll,

Chorus:

And it was Olav Trygvason, Suddenly he scemed to sight Towering temples, domes and spires, Gl ist'ning in virgin white.

Then vow'c1 the king, undaun ted ,

\iVith his foll()wers to trcad that land elKhantcd.

O nward he wcnt; the ru shing streams Heralded the com ing spr',ng; Swayed in the stormy wind,

The for est was strangely murmuring, Sounds as of church bells chiming,

Anel then spoke the king, spoke as though dreaming: Solo: Here thc spot to jound our kingdom,

Hell! These temple walls defy thee!

Hearts are swelling, sou ls are yearning.

God, to Thee alone be glory!

VOLMERSLAGET.

l. The Danes, under Valdemar 1l (Se ier) , jou rn ey to E sto nia to Christianize the people.

H . They go to rest; are surpri sed and attacked by thc heathcn. The Battlc of Volmer, A D. 1219, is fought. The Danl's fl ee. .

IlI. Their courage is revi"cd hy th e king, and by the sup " rnatural appearance fr0111 the heaven s of a reel flag with a white cross, whieh became the Danish nation al emblcm'·Dallllcbrog."

JV. "Dannebrog-flag of all flags 1"

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------­ Brief Historical Sketch of the Pacific Coast Norwegian Singers' Association

Tha t the Norw egians are a lllusie lovin g people, is clea rly de mons trate d by th e n um be r of g reat co mposers prod uced I G · . .1('Jer uI'I, 0 1e 0 .1sen, Sven(I­ a mong t IlCIll: . . sue 1 men as n eg' . se n a nd SlIldlllg have lo ng ago ta ken th eir places am o ng th e wo rld's great lllll sicia ns.

In almos t eve rv city o r town in Ko rw av can be found . I S' . ·S · · . .' or ga lll ze( III gill g' oCletl c5.. will ch colltn\) ute much toward s kee pin g th e hi g h sta ndard of pa triotism anti love for their co untry. E ve ry body ta kes pa rt, an d people of a ll ·c1 asses ha \'c th eir sin g ing societi es. There is, fo r in sta ncc. th e so­ . . I . .

I (S tll( Iellte rn e, S a ng fo' re nlllg · ), Clctv 0 1 t le ullI ve rsIt v stU t ent s ~ . . ~ the merchant s ( H andcl sta nd ens), th c llleCha lll CS ( Ha<Indyc r ke rnes) , t he wo rkin gmen (A rbi edcrs<I mfund et ), and so on. Thcn th ere a re <I g rea t many mi xed cho irs in conn ecti on with th e diffe rent churches a nc! tCllllJe ranCe societ ies .

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a nd e vcn a numbe r of child r en's SlIlg lll g societies have been

o ~g;]l.li zed . ~Ian y of these s in ~ ing soc iet i c~ ar: u.nited in

di st rIct aSSOC ia tion s, ami Sangerl e, t, o r singin g lesuva ls a re

held C\'e r v vea r in different In rt s of th e cO llnt rv

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le . . weg Ian sons a nt ( a ug 1 e~s w 10 la \' e ellll­ g ra ted to thiS co unt ry ha ve broug ht With th em thiS g rea t

love io r so ng a nd Illu ~ ic, ,as a t reasure t~ be che ri~ h ed and

malll talll ed. T hey have lo r yea rs had slIl gln g societies on

the P ac ific Coast. and in 1902. thro ugh th e eff o rt s of ~Ir .

F . l\. T onne, of P ortl a nd , th e P acific Coas t Norwegian Sa n­ g~ rfo rbul1d wa s o rga ni zed at . S eattl ~, wi th the f~lI owin g

office r s: J ohn No rman , E ve rett. Pres ident ; A. }. Ihuland ,

Sea ttle, Secretary ; Dr. O. A. Loe. Seattle, T r eas ure r, and

P ro i. Ca rlo A. S pera ti, l'vlusica l Directo r. The fir st San-

gerfest was held at E verett, vVashin gton, in A ug ust, 1903,

a nd me t with g rea t s uccess .

Th e seco nd annual Sange riest was held in Seattl e in

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of s.inge rs g r ea tly in c reased. T he press r efe rre~ to th e San­ g;c,~les~ as th e g r ea test mu sica l eve nt e\'e r held 111 th e city of Se,L le.tl' I I S ange r f es t was Ile Id a t P o r tl an tI, 0 regon, T ttllC lL f( a nnu a .4.u g ust, 1905, during th e Lewis a nd Cla rk e Exposition. The ex pos iti on had gat hered to Po rtl and a la rge number o f peo ple. and the sin ger s had a n oppo rtuni ty to present the :\o rs e mu sic to a mos t representati ve a ud ience whieh th ev , .

1' 1 In . a vc r" creeI'It a II ( I( ) e mann e r. . The fou'rth and the fi fth annual Sa nge rfes ts were held a t Tacoma , \ Vas h. , a nd Asto ri a, O re., respecti ve ly, and were hot h ve ry slIccessful affai rs, mark ed wi th a steady g row th in thf e nUlllb er of slIl s as I\' ell as the lIl ereased excellence l· .1 gc rI' () t le mUSIc rene e re( .

The sixth San ge rfes t was held Augu st, 1909, in conn cc­ li on with .:\orw.ay Day a t the A}aska- Y ukOl~- P ac ifi c E xpos i­ li on, a nd It ec lI psed th e olher Sa nge rfcsts III se.veral wa ys , "Is peCi all y as to at tcn«)IOO<Ince a t Ithet cotnlce rt s. O !lt ' Norwa y IDa)t' peo p e 0 le CXpOS I IOn. or a )O U t le re were ove r 4O, 15,000 mo rc t han th e no rm al number, and t hQusand s of th em weTc prese nt at the , cOl~ c~rts given at t he g rea t na t ural a m­ phlthca t re on the ex pos ition g rounds. ...\ t the bu siness meeting, E ureka, Califo rni a, was selected as ~h e place fo r th e ho lding of the sevent h Sangeriest. and the follo wing offic e rs were elected: Fred E ngebretsen,' E ureka, Cal., P res ident ; C. "IV. vVidn ess, E ureka , Cal. , F irst Vi ce P;cside:lt ; K. :'\nd cr sc n, .~an yran cisco, SecOl.ld Vice P~es!~ den!. ,\. H allllllf, E urek.l , C d. , Cor respondlllg Sec reta r)· , T . Gund e rse n. E ureka , Ca l., Rcconhng Sec.rd ary,; . G. M. G ~'egerse n, E ureka , Cal., Trea s l~re r; .0. Lien, Stanwood, VV;~~ h ~. ~''lar,sh a.1 ., P rc:> f., Carl? !\. :;;pera tl: I?ecora h, I O\~:l , \~~S re-elected M U; ICdl Directo r III Chi ef. L.lte r th e offic els dec ­ ted H o lhek 1 homassen, E ureka , Cal., Asst. Cor. S ecre tary. r\nd no w we ex tend to you all a most hearty welc ome to our Se n~ nth Sa ngerics t, th e li rs t held in Califo rni a. \Ve lcolll e to our State an d we lc ome to our Ci ty. May our Sa nge rfor­ bund grow in strengt h and unity , a nd ma y the high sta nda rd

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~IOU.F.R

Dir(-ctor

NORDMJENDENES SANGFORENING Seattle, Washington

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Eureka and Humboldt County, California

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T he Xo r wcgia n S ing ing Societies oi th e Pacific Coas t, ha,-ing wi sely decided to hold their se venth a nnual Sa ng-c r­ i est in th e Cit y of E ur eka, Cali fo rnia , so me space will be g i v t~ n he re to a revi e w o f the cha rm s a nd deli g hts of thi s att racti ,-c li tt le city a nd its silrroundings. pa rtly wi t h th e idea oi a iding o ur ,-isito rs in their na lural desire to see wha t th erc may be in the wa y of attrac t ions, na tural a nd arti fic ia l. and pa rtly that t hey may ca rry awa y wi th t he m S0111e data to a id their recoll ection o f t hose poin ts of inte rest t hat ma y co me un de r their ken wh ile he re, a nd t hu s help them to reta in ma ny it e111s of in tc rest a nd info rm at io n that wo ul d ot he r wise be iorgott en with t he laps e oi ti me_ A nd to beg in a t t he beginn ing, so me li ttl e fo rma l desc ription of this City a nd its sur rou nd ings will fi rst he sd out.

Eure ka is a city o f 12.000 in ha bita nts, delightfull y located on th e eas te rn shor e o f H um bold t Ba y, alo ng t he cha ll1w ls of whi ch its wa te r front ex tend s fo r S0111e fo ur mil es_ T he site of the city is pec ul ia rl y fa vo rable. ri sing by a gentl e in­ cline fr0111 the sho res of t hc bay unt il it reaches its hig hes t po r tion. so me 115 feet o f alt it ude. hut nowhe re hav ing a ny precipito Ll s in cl in es, so t ha t pract ica lly all of its a rea of fi ve a nd one ha lf squa re miles may be desc r ibed as !e,-d la nd ; a lt houg h its slope is su ffic ient in a ll parts fo r i(lea l d rainage, a nd the cle' -ation is g reat enoug h to ma ke it a ve ry sig ht ly cit y_ Thi, idea l situat ion adds very mu ch to th e appea ra nce o f t he city, a;; a ll t he pro min ent buildings a rc full y set out in relief ; and seen fro m rh e sea . eit he r by day o r by nig ht, the eye is cha r mcd by the attracti,-e pa no ra mic effect o f th e vi ew.

F ir st settled in th e ea rl y fifti es, E ureka has prog ressed slo wly a nd steadily th rough the va rious stages fr o m a lu m ­ be r ing Yillage to a country tow n o f mo re o r less pretentions,

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a nd has no w adva nced to t he position o f t he la rges t city in Ca lifo rni a no rth of Sac ra mento. wi th a sea co mm c rce ra nkin g a\)o' -e th ;!t o f pla ces man y t imes its size, a mI wit h met ro­ poli ;a n co nvcni ences a nd adj lI nets, such a s street ra il ways. elc'c tr ic: po wer an d li g ht ing plan ts, cl ubs, t heat r<.'s , and a ho ut a ll "Ja t goes to rend er modern life enj oya ble. I n one respect only docs it fa ll s ho rt o f t he full com p le ment o f modern con­ ,-c niel;ccs. a nd t hat is t hc lac k of ra ilr oad conn cct ion wi th th e Olm ide_ T hi s one lack g ives it a uni que pos iti on am ong th e va r io us cit ics of our count ry. as it is cla imed,-a nd the cla im is be li eved to be well fo un ded.-t ha t E ure ka is the largest city in the Uni ted S ta tes wit hout ra il co nnection wit h the co un t ry at la rge_ H a ppil y th is so me what . doubtfu l title to di st in ct ion will soon be tak en a way fro m us. fo r wo rk is now being acti'- ely prosec uted in closing th e gap in the rail way hdwee n E ure ka an d Sa n F ranci sco, a nd in two, or at mos t, th ree yea rs. th e iro n ho rse wi ll wa ke the echoes o f t he moun­ ta in ca no ns as it pu ff s its way along the throug h ro ute fr o m Sa n F ra nci,co _ T a king up th e subj ect o f clima tc an d health cond iti ons, the cla im is made tha t E ureka has the most e ven tempc ra­ tu rc of a ny city in t hi s count ry _ A nd th is cla im secms to he estab lished by the reco rds _ T he a nnua l mean da il y ra nge of , he th e rmomete r is bll t 9.8 degrees, thc a bsolute max imum is 85 deg rees. a nd th e a bsolut e mi ni mum , 20 deg rees ; while Lhe l1 ~u a l ra nge of temp erature is hetw een 27 a nd 77 deg rees.

T ak in g tIlt' present yea r, 1910, th e hi ghest tempe ra tur e reco rd­ ed is 74 deg rees ( in ~Iay ) , a nd th e lo west 29 deg rccs (in J a n _ a nd Feb_) _ T o sho w th e uSlI al feat ures of its mi dsum­ me r clima tc. the reco rd fo r th e tw o 111onths, Jun e a nd July, 1910, sho ws a s the hig hest tempe rat ure, 63 deg rees, a nd lowest,

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r'.~6' .~: ~',~~=-,,:,:~~~~~::~~~~~~:~oldt·.~~~~~:::~,~~:~:~.~l: ::,:, of the state, no point can surpass th e summer and fall records of Eureka. \Vhen the completion of the railway to Sa n Fran­ ci sco. and th e State Highway to th e uppe r Sacram ent o V a lley is achieved, Eureka and Humholdt County \\'ilI bc known th e Coast over, as the coole"t and pleasantest ~ecti() n of all the Pacilie Coast for a summ e r outing. The annual rainfall he re is quite heavy, reaching on an anrage nea rly 47 inches ; but it is so well distributed that the earth a nd \'egetation is ne\'e r parched in SUll1mer, whil e the rainfall is seld om excess i\'c e\;lCn in winter. The dist ributi on is as nearly ideal as can he found 0 11 earth. Snow seldom fall s in Eureka, and nC\' cr li es on the gro und over one day, while th e fro sts of the late fall and early winter a rc just suffici en t to rende r the air crisp amI bracing a nd add a s nap and vim to the constant en joyment of nr·a rly id ea l wea th er conditions. The rema rkably el' cn temperature of E ure ka, and its vcry cool SU lllmc r climatt, a rc n0 doubt du e t~ ,the mod ifyin.g influence o ~ the ref reshin g breezes o f the P acific: frolll which ocea n It IS separa te d hy the .waters o f J -l ulllbolc1t Bay, and the narrow and low ';<I n(l pcnll1sul<ls which serve to sepa ra te th e hay from th e ocean.

In all r es pects th e clima te of E ur eka is most hea lthful ; m<l­ la rial fevers arc unknown , and most of the ordimll'Y coma­ gious disea ses seelll here to lose their virulence. and a re easil y s tamped out and controlled. The loca tion and conditions oi Eureka all lend a hand to kee Jl it in this healthy conditi on.

The gentle and continuou s slope of its site frolll th e bay shores furnish es just sufficient fall for adequa te drainage. The: soil throughout the city is sandy, drying out quickly after a rainfall. and there a re no stagnant ponds nor swamps any­ where within th e city limits. The wate r s upply is good in

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mai{i ng Eureka what it is, namely, one of the heal th iest cities on the globe. .

Eureka is pret tily laid out in blocks 240 feet square, with strc:ets 60 feet in width, some half doze n being 75 feet wide. in th e downtown or business sec tion, the streets are paved wit h bitumen, which is an idea l st reet coveriug in this climate.

In the residence section the streets a re g rad ed and coated wit h gr:I\'el a nd cr ushed roc k, which answers the purpose admirahly where the traffic is not excessive. The sidewalks a re lw eh-c feet in width, and a re of concrete in the business secti on, a nd to some ex tent in the residence district. Otherwise th c.\- a rc of wood. There are over three miles of bitumi nous p,l\rcment ; eig ht mil es of concrete sid ewa lks; and over fifty miles of gra'd ed streets.

The city has an excellent voluntee r lire department COl1lpri sing some 275 members in ei g ht sepa rat e companies. The eq l1 ipment is up to ,date, com~lrisillg 3 steam fire eng!nes, 2 trucks. hose ca rts, Gamewell hre alarm, etc. The polIce de~Jart~n e l1t cO lllprises eight men on active d uty. The. post office 15 ·)t the second class, With 12 empl oyes, and receIpt s closely appro ximate $30-,000 annually. The telephone system is fi rst cla,;s, and on A ug ust 1, 1910, there were in usc in the ci ty 2.1 83 te lep hon es, which is one for each 50 inh a bitants. There arc fnurteen church organizations with fift een chu rch bll i1c1 ings ; ten public school buildings. with some fifty teachers and 2,200 pupils; a private business college, a nd a prepa ra tory sc hool : se\'e n private hospitals ; three thea tres and one public pav ilion.

The city is well sllpplied with sub sta ntial public buildings, th e principal of which are the COllnty Court HOllse, of brick

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Eureka and Humboldt County---Continued and granite, which cost $200,000; the County Jail, of rein­ for.:ed concrete, cost $8O,()(X); County Hospital, wood, cost $50,000. The City Hall, bnilt of brick with sandstone trim­ mings, is a spacious, modern building, erected at a cost of $1 25,()(X). The Carnegie Public Library, a pleasing and sub­ stantial building of brick and terra cotta, cost approximately $40,()(X). The new Federal Building, rapidly approaching completion. is a handsome and substantial structure of brick and stone, and with its site will cost $140,000.

Eureka is especially proud of its Sequoia Park, whieh co mprises some forty acres of natural redwood forest, with \'arious drives and walks, an animal park, lake, etc. Here throughout the summer season, parties of friends meet and have picnic luncheons and dinners, and divert themselves in various ways. The splendid redwood growth which consti­ tutes the bulk of the park grounds lends itself ideally to the purpose, and nowhere can more picturesque natural surrOl1n­ dings be found.

E ureka is the entrepot and distributing ctnter for a ter­ ritory comprising upwards of 3,500 square miles. This region is rich in natural resources, in mal1 Y items of which it sta nds un surpassed. First in impo rta nce is its timber, in wh ich it stands in a class by itself. It is the heart and center of t he Redwood belt, of which timber there is still standing some 450,()(X) acres. This timber carries the heaviest stand per acre of any known timber, and the commonly accepted estimate of lOO,(X)() feet per acre is under, rather than over, the actual timber yield. Many tracts of Humboldt County Redwood will equal or exceed 200,()(X) feet per acre. This timber is rapidly appreciating in value, and choice tracts readily bring from $200 to $400 per acre. In addition to redwood, this COllnty is

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abundantly supplied with Oregon pine, red fir, spruce.. tan bark oak, and otller varieties of woods.

J\ext in importance to lumber, dairying is a principal industry of this county. The heavy alluI·ial bottom lands of 1011·t[ Eel River and Mad River, and the reclaimed marsh land s around Humboldt Bay, are es pecially suitable for dairy farms, as the feed is green all the year round, and no feeding of stock is necessary. Creameries and condensed milk plants have reached a practical working stage in Humboldt, and their output to the ex tent of about 6,(X)(),()(X) pounds (in additi on to local consumption), and of a value of from one and a fourth to pne and a half million of dollars, is the second item in im­ pOl·tance amongst the annual exports of the county. There is 11(. month in the year when fresh butter is not shipped from Humboldt to the markets of San Francisco, and condensed mi lk and cream, cheese, and casein, serve to swell the output of dairy products.

Tn the hilly region back from the coast, stockraising is the principa l industry; and li vestock of all kinds, wool, moha ir, meats, pelts, and hides, lard, tallow, and similar products, add their tribu te to the annual shipments from the county.

T he bott om and bench la nds along the upper reaches of the strea ms arc most excellent for fruit' production, and ap­ ples, pears, plums, prunes, peaches. cherries, and all classes of sma il fruit s a re grown in abundance. Owing to the di stanc e fr om market, and the present lack of cheap t ra nsportation facil ities, the canning of fruit has not yet been much devel­ oped here; but large quantities of apples are shipped from Eureka, the annual average closely approximating 100,000 boxes.

Fishing is an important industry in Hu mboldt. Salmon,

Eureka and Humboldt County---Cbncluded

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halibut. rock cod, and m ost exccllent c rabs, are caught and shipped to San Francisco and Portland market s to the extent of from 3,000,000 to 4,OOO,<XJ0 pounds annually, 1\S a huntin g and fi shing r eso rt, this section is particulal'­ Iy fa\'ored. 'W ell watered by streams running st rong the year r o um!. trout, s teel-head , and sa lmon furni sh amp le s port for the angle r ; while t he hill s a nd mountains abo und in dcer, rab­ bits, grou se, quai!. and othe r game. During the winter, wild ducks, gecse, a nd brant furni sh most attractive shooting .

Situated on the o nly land-l ocked harbor in Ca lifo rnia north of San Francisco, Eureka is necessarily a comm erc ial cellte r of importance. 1'\\'0 r egular lincs of freight a nd pa ssengcr steame rs cOnnect her with San Francisco, and one with Port­ lan d, O regon. Fiftee n to t ,,' enty stcam schoon e rs car ry luml~e r to l he \'ari o us Pacific Coast ports. An equal number of sa iling ves5(' b is cngaged in the same trade. From thirty to fifty .:ar­ goes of r edwood lumber arc annually dcspatched to foreign POrtS, From 350 to 400 million s of fe et of lumbcr products arc shippcd annua lly, of a \'a lue of from scyc n to ninc mill io n~ of dolla rs.

In 1909, 878 steam n ;ssels ancl 45 sa ilin g \'essels c ntcrl'd H umbo lrit Bay, and 879 steam \'essels and 41 sa iling: \'(:sst' l~ departed therefrom; making a to tal of 923 arri\'al s and 920 de­ pa r t ures, with an incoming tonnagc of 549.087 ;Iet tons, and outgoi ng, S45,7&<l ton s, Th e passengers arriving and dcparting: aggregated 34,000. The \'alu e of all expo rts for that year wa s $9,125,760, and the impo rt s doubtless closely approx imated th ese ligures. So that the total trade of th e po rt was in ex­ cess of $17,500.000 for the yea r 1909. Of the lumber cxpo rts, some 42,000,000 feet. of a va lu e of nea rly $1 ,000,000 wa s ship­ ped to fo reign and off-sho r e ports.

There are ele\'en lines o f local railroad conn ecting the

sun-ounding country with Eurcka, with an aggregate mil eage of about 200 miles. Thrcc of these r oads do a regular fr eig h t and passenger bu s iness.

The remainder are logging and lumberi ng road s chiefly.

The s hip-building inter es ts of Humholdt Co ullty ha\'e long been most important, a nd from the yard s of the H , D. Bendix­ se n S hipbuilding Co. there ha\'(;, he en launched upward s o f 150 vessels o f all classes, many of which sti ll na\'igate the wa, c rs of th e Pacific. and all are a credit to the builders and to I-lumholdt Count\:. .

The financial intere sts of Eureka are ablv looked after b\' three cOlllme rcial and two savings banks, ',vith a comhin c~1 capita l and .surplus of o \'er $1 ,OOO,()(X) and combined deposits in exccss o f $5,000,000.

Outs id e of Eureka th e re are banks at Arcata. Ferndale.

Fortuna. Scotia and Loleta. . .

Space demands that thi s article be brought to a close ; hut in conclusion it may be said that HUlllboldt is an unde\'el­ oped e mpire of great natural resourc es, but lacking in · modern tran s po rtation facilitie s, and the con scq uent opportun iti es fo r de\·clopment. This will soon be remedied ; fo r the ~orth \\' es ­ te rn Pacilic Railroad is acti\'e!y constructing its lin c o Ye r th e 100 mile gap now separating its northern a nd southe rn ·di­ \·isi o ns . A nd within two, or at most, three yea r s, its t ra ins will be making r egular run s betwecn San F ra ncisco a nd Eure ka, ca rry ing the produ cts of Humboldt, a nd g reatly in­ creas ing the trade and travel to and from this sectio n, ,-\n<l still another \'ital a nd im po rtant project.-the H um­ boldt and Eastern railroad from E ureka to Reddil\f{ o r R ed Bl uff,-i s heing gradually work ed into shape for aClual con­ !,t ructio n work. \-\lith these two r oads comp le ted , Humbo ldt \\'ill he wcll supp li ed with direct and modern transpo rtati on , and will enter upon a n era of progress and de\' elopment of which o nly the boldest of its citizens has dared to dream.

The time is rapidly approaching when these dreams shall beeo mc r ea lizati o n. Do you wi sh to share in this develop­ m e nt ? Then comc to Humboldt and take it part in its awak­ e nin g .

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