Sept 2024

The Future of Heat

Retrofit heat pump installations pose a challenge for contractors as one-sizefits-all approaches don’t cut it in the field.

INSIDE

n Back to basics: sizing heat pumps

n Water quality supplement

n Heat pump water heaters

n State of education in the skilled trades

FALL HEATING ISSUE

n Hot Seat

Introducing the Blue Pages

We’ve launched yet another new initiative for this issue—TheBluePages.Whenyouflipthroughthis edition, you’ll understand why we’ve called them this.Thiswatertreatmentspecificsupplementwill highlightwhatisgoingonintheindustryrelating back to the water your customers drink, bath, swim, and cook with. Like our technical training daysupplements,thissectionofthemagazinewill focus on technical specificarticles.

Our wonderful readers can anticipate more Blue Pages to come in the following year as the intent will be to publish them four times a year, startingwiththisoneinSeptember.Sincewehave started this initiative in the latter half of the year, we will be featuring one more Blue Pages in our November/Decemberissueofthisyear.Staytuned for that!

In this issue, we wanted to give a basic background information about the water treatment industry and all the good work and products it provides. This initiative began back when the Plumbing & HVAC team attended the Canadian Water Quality Association’s Mid-Point Spring Conference and AGM in May 2024.

There are some moments in my role as editor, when I am editing an article for the book, where it takes me back to my high school days and I remember a lesson from my biology or

math classes. There’s a reason my job focuses largely on creativity and writing rather than on understanding the nuances of the sciences. My brain is just not made for memorizing facts. But sometimes, in the very far depths of this brain of mine, a fun fact or tidbit of information makes its way through, and I have one of those “I totally knew that” moments.

When going through Robert Woodland’s, director of sales for North America at Luminor Environmental Inc., article on UV systems, he highlights how UV light can penetrate the cell waves of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. Once the DNA is damaged, they aren’t able to multiply and cause infection.

The complexities of this industry are not lost on me. But it is for sure lost on those who cling to the old mentality of the skilled trades. Are plumbers witches and wizards? The products they install are able to attack the smallestofcells.I kind of think so.

September 2024

Volume 34, Number 5 ISSN 1919-0395

Publisher Mark Vreugdenhil Cell: (416) 996-1031 mark@plumbingandhvac.ca

Editor Leah Den Hartogh Cell: (289) 830-1217 leah@plumbingandhvac.ca

National Sales Manager

Chris Luttrell Cell: (365) 662-4112 chris@plumbingandhvac.ca

Assistant Editor Francesco Lo Presti Cell: (647) 531-5697 francesco@plumbingandhvac.ca

Contributing Writers

Glenn Mellors, Greg Scrivener, Michael Ridler, Ron Coleman

Design and Production

Samantha Jackson production@plumbingandhvac.ca

All articles and photos by Plumbing & HVAC staff unless noted.

PLUMBING & HVAC Magazine is published seven times annually by Marked Business Media Inc. and is written for individuals who purchase/ specify/approve the selection of plumbing, piping, hot water heating, fire protection, warm air heating, air conditioning, ventilation, refrigera-

Postmaster: Send all address changes and circulation inquiries to: Plumbing & HVAC Magazine, 286 King Street W, Unit 203, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada L1J 2J9. Canadian Publications Mail Sales Product Agreement No. 43029513. Postage paid at Toronto, ON. Annual Subscription Canada: $40.00 plus applicable taxes, single copy $5.00 plus applicable taxes. Annual Subscription United States: $60.00 U.S. Annual Subscription foreign: $90.00 U.S. Copyright 2024. The contents of this magazine may not be reproduced in any manner without the prior written permission of the Publisher. A member of: • Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Heating • Mechanical Contractors Association of Canada • Ontario Plumbing Inspectors Association

• American Society of Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers • Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Institute of Canada • Refrigeration Service Engineers Society of Canada

Equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility standard aims to support apprentices in the skilled trades

By Leah Den Hartogh

A student from Conestoga College competes in the Ontario Skills Competition in the heating systems technician sector.

It will come as no surprise to anyone that there is a shortage of workers in the skilled trades. This issue has come up time and time again over the last decade. According to CSA Group, a standards development organization accredited in Canada and the United States, there are barriers that prevent many equitydeserving groups from accessing apprenticeship opportunities.

To address this issue, CSA Group recently developed a new standard on equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility (EDIA) in apprenticeship programs.

CSA Z301:24 was designed to assist organizations in addressing the low participation and retention rates of equitydeserving groups in the skilled trades and apprenticeships.

“One of the reasons why this standard was developed is because of the mass retirements and demographic changes that are occurring within many of the trades in Canada,” reports Kay

Continued on page "8"

"It is trying to address the need to change the workplace culture and to help with recruiting and retaining the traditionally underrepresented groups in order to meet the needs of the skilled trades."

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Penn, director of health and safety standards at CSA Group. “There’s this growing concern about skilled trade shortage. Another thing that we’re trying to address is that women are still drastically underrepresented in most trades. And then, to add to this, the apprenticeship journey is very complex. There’s no single path and the standard helps with that. It is trying to address the need to change the workplace culture and to help with recruiting and retaining the traditionally underrepresented groups in order to meet the needs of the skilled trades.”

The standard embeds what CSA Group refers to as the “building blocks” for establishing an EDIA program. The standard is not mandatory for those in the skilled trades; it would need to

Continued on page "11"

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n Industry News

Continued from page "8"

be adopted into regulation for it to become mandatory. It is a voluntary standard until government mandates it.

The national standard applies to any apprenticeship program in Canada across each and every trade. When asked how it will increase representation, Penn states, “It embeds equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility strategies throughout the whole apprenticeship journey. For example, it starts from the very early outreach activities… For employers, it looks at equity and fairness when they’re accessing applications, reducing selection biases, and retaining people by creating a workplace culture that reflects the different needs of a diverse workforce.”

One example given relates to women who may have caregiving responsibilities at home. This might look like flexibility around schedules to support the apprentice's responsibilities at home.

The standard was developed by in partnership with a technical committee, which had apprentices sitting on the membership. “We wanted to make sure that we heard from them first and foremost. What their needs were and how it was to be developed.”

One of the first barriers that the standard attempts to address is the general lack of awareness of the trades and helping apprentices simply get their foot in the door, in addition to helping find those connections for sponsorships. “Historically, a lot of individuals that enter careers in the trades come from families or communities that have experience and connections in this area. This could be difficult for individuals that are in underrepresented groups, such as new Canadians or women. Right at the beginning, there are barriers that the standard helps to address.”

Another barrier mentioned relates to accommodations in the workforce, specifically for disabilities or religious needs. This might look like making available facilities where an employee could wash for religious beliefs.

Lastly, there was concern over microaggressions and harassment in the workplace. It is important making sure there are steps in place to support the apprentice if some kind of incident were to occur.

A large concern that the committee heard relating to the female experience in the skilled trades is that women might not be assigned certain tasks because they are perceived as being too dirty or too heavy for the woman to complete the task. “Those are some of the gender challenges. I would say that those are some of the key barriers and challenges that we heard repeatedly while developing the standard,” shares Penn.

Vancouver votes to restore natural gas use in new homes

Vancouver has rolled back on its stance regarding natural gas. The city council voted six to five in favour of the return of natural gas to heating systems and domestic hot water usage in new homes. This vote, made on July 23, reverses legislation from 2022 requiring the installation of low-emission electronic units in new low-rise residential buildings.

“In a surprise move, Vancouver City Council vote last week reversed a controversial by-law that prohibited the use of natural gas for home heating in newly built homes,” reports the Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Institute of Canada (HRAI).

Despite being considered a climate leader, Vancouver is not on course to meet its 50 per cent carbon pollution reduction target by 2030. Natural gas accounts for 55 per cent of the carbon pollution in Vancouver.

After hearing a report from the city’s planning, urban design and sustainability department, Brian Montague, a Vancouver city councillor, proposed a motion that states, “In providing greater clarity about the City’s role in climate action, and to support other Council priorities such as housing affordability, the council resolves to allow natural gas for heating and hot water for new construction, including homes that fall within the missing middle housing framework given the rapid decarbonization of B.C.’s gas system such as provincially-stated RNG percentage targets (15 per cent by 2030), hydrogen gas blends, and the adoption of new technologies that would allow for greater choice and more resilient pathways to achieving the City’s desired emission reduction and decarbonization outcomes.”

Vancouver will have until Nov. 1 to prepare bylaw amendments for the council.

More information expected to come when council meets again in a few months.

New dual fuel heating/cooling rebate coming to B.C.

Homeowners in British Columbia interested in changing out their older gas heating system with a dual-fuel heat pump could receive up to $10,000 and $18,000 under a new rebate program offered by FortisBC.

“Whether it’s the coldest winter morning or hottest summer afternoon, dual-fuel systems provide our customers with the certainty of a comfortable home while using energy efficiently to lower associated greenhouse gas emissions,” said Joe Mazza, vice president of resource supply and development at FortisBC.

A dual-fuel system provides whole-home heating and cooling with an electric heat pump and gas furnace. The system automatically switches between electric and gas systems at specific temperatures via a connected thermostat.

The program’s rebate value begins at $10,000 toward dual-fuel heating installations, with qualifying customers eligible for up to $18,000.

Eligible customers have to be planning to replace their existing gas furnace that is at least 10 years old with a qualifying dual-fuel system that meets a designated maximum switchover temperature; 5 C or lower on Vancouver Island and in the Lower Mainland, and 2 C or lower in Northern B.C. and the Southern Interior.

Additionally, customers must also use a Technical Safety BC licensed gas contractor who is an active member of the home performance contractor network to install their system with an invoice date on or after July 1.

Additional funds are also available for income-qualified, Indigenous, and Northern B.C. customers to make these systems more accessible for customers with unique circumstances and needs.

Customers living in and north of 100 Mile House who install a dual-fuel system can be eligible for an additional $3,000 top-up offer funded by the province for a maximum rebate of $13,000.

Low-income customers and Indigenous communities may be eligible for a rebate of $15,000. These customers living in northern communities can also access the top-up for a maximum rebate of $18,000.

Continued on page "13"

n Industry News

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New code changes in Alta for press-connect fittings

Changes have been made to the code in Alberta relating to press-connect fittings. A new STANDATA variance has been announced by the province on Aug. 26 that will allow ANSI LC-4/CSA 6.32 certified press-connect fittings to be used as an alternate joining method for new installations or repair of fuel gas distribution systems of a nominal pipe size (NPS) 2-1/2 to four.

“There have been numerous requests in Alberta to support new piping systems for gas installations to provide safe alternates for medium diameter natural gas and propane piping installations,” states the STANDATA.

CSA’s technical committee accepted a motion of change to CSA B149.1:20 natural gas and propane installation code, clause 6.9.2.

The accepted change will be included in CSA B149. 1:25. NPS 2-1/2 to four piping shall be either press-connect fittings certified to ANSI LC-4/CSA 6.32 or welded pipe joints. Piping greater than NPS four has to have welded pipe joints.

This variance applies to all gas installations in the province of Alberta.

Value of building permits declines in June

The total value of building permits in Canada decreased for the second

month in a row, falling 13.9 per cent to $9.9 billion in June. In May, the total fell 12.2 per cent to $11.7 billion, reports Statistics Canada.

Declines were seen in 11 of the 13 provinces and territories, with the residential and non-residential sectors experiencing decreases.

On the residential side, the total value of building permits declined 11.5 per cent to $6.5 billion in June. Nine of the 13 provinces and territories contributed to this decline in residential permits.

Substantial declines were also seen in multi-unit construction intentions, down 19.8 per cent. In this sector, British Columbia (down 31.1 per cent) and Ontario (down 25.7 per cent) saw the biggest declines, leading to the overall drop in multi-family dwelling permit values.

However, construction intentions in single-family homes increased four per cent to $2.6 billion in June. Canadian municipalities authorized 20,400 dwelling units in June, bringing the total over the last 12 months to 263,400 units.

The total value of non-residential building permits decreased 18.1 per cent to $3.5 billion. Both the industrial component (down 42.6 per cent) and the commercial component (down 15.6 per cent) recorded declines. However, the institutional component increased slightly, up one per cent.

Despite the declines seen in June, the total value of building permits in the second quarter was $34.6 billion, up 2.1 per cent from the first quarter ($33.9 billion).

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The Blue Pages

Water treatment systems have been installed in Canada for decades, but as new technology is introduced, it’s important to stay up to date on best practices.

INSIDE

n What is water treatment?

n UV protection

n Adding water treatment to your business plan

n Latest water quality products

Water purification systems remove contaminants from untreated water to produce safe drinking water.

What is Water Treatment?

Keeping up to date on the latest water quality treatment solutions will help ensure you leave your customers happy.

By Shelley Peters

Water treatment in Canada has been applied for decades. Even so, there are still too many improper installations, misapplied equipment, and sales being made when there isn’t a need for treatment.

The lack of knowledge surrounding private wells at the consumer level can be an issue for water quality experts. Consumers may have just purchased a home in the country and moved from the city and know nothing about dealing with a well and the possible contaminants or issues that may be lurking. Some believe all well water is fine; others are diligent in getting it tested for pathogens and bacteria, but forget about contaminants such as arsenic, lead, manganese, and uranium, to name a few. Health Canada and the provincial governments try very hard to help educate the consumer on well water and what is in

tap water, but typically that education comes down to the water treatment professional to test, select, install and service the equipment to ensure that the end-user doesn’t get sick. Thatwatertreatmentsupplierneedstohavethe education and credentials to properly assess the need for water treatment. The end-user needs to have confidence in the professional to put the right piece of equipment that is sized properly to meet the needs of the family or the business. Many businesses depend upon water treatment for their processes, or hospitals for ensuring water is safe for kidney dialysis or having pure water for electroplating. There are many different water treatment needs and processes

Continued on page “19”

Continued from page “17”

besides treating water in the home.

Better safer than sorry

Let’s take a stab at defining water treatment. As an umbrella term, water treatment can be defined as any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate and safe for a specific end-use. Water treatment means removing any of the contaminants previously mentioned or any undesirable components that might be found. This can be done, and should be done, at any level of the building market — residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional levels. Collectively, water treatment is the process that makes water more acceptable for an end-user, which may be used for drinking, cooking, bathing, or industrial processes.

The processes involved in treating water for drinking purposes may be solids separation using physical processes such as precipitation, settling and filtration; chemical processes such as ion exchange, disinfection and coagulation; or membrane filtration.

Water purification is the removal of contaminants from untreated water to produce drinking water that is safe enough for the most critical of its intended uses — usually for human consumption. Substances that are removed during the process of drinking water treatment include suspended solids, bacteria,

"Education comes down to the water treatment professional to test, select, install and service the equipment to ensure that the end-user doesn’t get sick."

algae, viruses, fungi, minerals like calcium, iron, manganese and sulfur, and other chemical pollutants.

The Guidelines for Canada Drinking Water Quality, which was published in August 2024 by Health Canada, establishes the health-based parameters for drinking water quality that are used by the provinces and territories to establish their own standards or objectives. These guidelines need to be the manual that anyone involved in providing water treatment has readily available to use as a reference and/or a learning tool. Find the resources that are out there and use them to elevate everyone’s knowledge.

Public drinking water systems use various methods of water treatment to provide safe drinking water for their communities. Water is treated differently in different communities depending on the quality of the water in that area.

Continued on page “21”

There is only so much safe water on the planet, so proper water treatment applications are critical.

Water Conditioning Webinar Training Series

Continued from page “19”

Every community water supplier must provide an annual report, sometimes called a consumer confidence report, to its customers. For some municipalities or small system communities, the water quality is excellent. It may never need to have any form of water treatment added, however, in some instances, the end-user might want to enhance their water. Maybe they don’t like the smell of chlorine or the musty smell, so water treatment could be applied to enhance their drinking water. Any time that water treatment is added, a proper water analysis should be completed. There are two types of tests — field tests that are performed in the home or business and laboratory testing that are performed by accredited labs. Obviously, these tests come at a cost which sometimes deters the end-user from getting the water testing, but time and again the saying, “better safe than sorry” will apply.

New players in the game

There have been some new contaminants that have been reported, like perand polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS), by Health Canada. There has been an increase in arsenic in the groundwaters of Atlantic Canada, as well as chromium showing up in water supplies and of course lead from aging infrastructure. All of these contaminants, as well as other aesthetic contaminants, make it necessary to

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have your water tested regularly and addressed by a professional when needed. There is only so much safe water that the planet has to work with (the same water that existed on the earth millions of years ago is still present today), so proper water treatment applications are critical.

If you currently offer water treatment in your business, or are thinking about it, ensure that you do your research and learn as much as possible. There have been too many installations where the drain isn’t properly installed, or the equipment is too small for the application, or no water test was completed, and the equipment installed just will not work. So, it is key to ensure that your business is doing it correctly and safely. One way to ensure that is to work with key companies that have experience providing water treatment options. That could be your municipality, a manufacturer, wholesaler or association. The more that everyone does it right, the more your business and industry will elevate.

Shelley Peters, is the executive director at the Canadian Water Quality Association. She has been in the water treatment business for 30 years and has held various roles over her tenure in the industry. Shelley can be reached at s.peters@cwqa.ca.

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Residential UV system

Viqua, Guelph, Ont., introduces its latest residential UV water treatment system to market. The Viqua Arros provides customers with streamlined installation thanks to its tidal chamber, which aligns the inlet and outlet ports on a single plane. The Viqua Arros is also equipped with a PolyProtect shield that blocks UV light, allowing the Arros to plumb directly to PEX and other polymer materials. The Viqua Aros also features a flow rate of 15 gpm and a connection size of 3/4-inches MNPT.

Viqua u www.viqua.com

Saltless whole home system

Water Depot, Barrie, Ont., unveils its Chloramax twin whole home system to customers. Explicitly designed for municipal water, the Chloramax reduces chlorine, chloramines and by-products without using salt, which maintains the natural minerals found in water. The Chloramax has a one-inch valve, a flow rate of 27 gpm, and is available with or without a back-washable control valve. The Chloramax is also available in upflow or downflow configurations.

Water Depot u www.waterdepot.com

High-capacity, water-softening resin

Aldex Chemical, Granby, Que., announces the debut of its C-800 water-softening resin, a high-capaci ty, gel-type cation resin manufactured without chlorinated solvents. The C-800 has very low TOC leakage and meets U.S. Food and Drug Administration requirements due to its low impact regarding colour, taste, and odour. The C-800 also features a softening capacity of 30,000 grains when regenerated with 15 lbs of NaCl per cubic ft. and 20,000 grains with six lbs of NaCl per cubic ft. Aldex u www.aldexchemical.com

Water filtration system

Halo Water Systems, Carlsbad, California, introduces the Halo 5 filtration system to the market. The Halo 5 filtration system filters and conditions influent water for the home, removing contaminants and chemicals to undetectable levels while addressing hard water issues. Utilizing Halo’s proprietary ION water conditioner, the Halo 5 transforms aggressive water into non-corrosive, mineral-friendly water, protecting plumbing, appliances, and fixtures from scale and corrosion.

Halo Water Systems u www.halowater.com

Reverse osmosis system

Novo Water, Regina, Sask., announces its newest tankless reverse osmosis system is available to customers. The Aqua Flo CRO-800UX6 utilizes a high-capacity reverse osmosis membrane allowing for better tasting water on demand. The Aqua Flo features high-efficiency of two purified: one drain, a leak alarm, integrated manifold design, filter life indicator lights, high flow rate and quick change disposable filter cartridges.

Novo Water u www.novowater.com

UV filter rack system

Luminor, Guelph, Ont., unveils its latest UV-filtered rack systems to market — the Blackcomb, Rainier, Everest, and Glacier UV/LED series. Featuring Luminor’s high-output 5.1 controller for dealer customization and branding, modular expandability, and protected repeat lamp sales, the rack systems provide an all-in-one system for whole-home water filtration and UV disinfection. Luminor’s rack systems also feature a one-piece filter head for a leak-free design, an integrated drain port for easy filter changes, and a universal mounting direction for left or right inlet access. Luminor u www.luminoruv.com

Blast away limescale

Clearwater Enviro Technologies, Inc., Acheson, Alta., introduces its ScaleBlaster electric water conditioner. It can be installed in one or more areas to be treated, depending on the installation. A signal cable is wrapped around the outside of the pipe and is connected to the enclosure. The unit produces a unique sound wave that alters the calcium molecules in the water, causing them to lose their “adhesive” properties. This removes existing limescale and keeps it from forming again. It requires no maintenance, salt, chemicals, or any filters to replace.

Clearwater Enviro Technologies u www.clearwaterenviro.com

New and improved water softener

Salt-sensing water softener

AO Smith, Fergus, Ont., introduces its line of water softeners. Salt sensing technology adapts to the water usage, which means less salt, water, and energy consumed. Self-cleaning pre-filters mean there will be no need to change the filter. Adding a water softener to the water treatment plan will help reduce scale buildup, water stains and spots, and extend the life of the appliances. It features a patented, single-use design with bypass design.

AO Smith u www.aosmith.com

EcoWater Systems, Woodbury, Minnesota, launches its new ESD2800 water softener. This latest model is now equipped with a larger one-inch valve on all 2800/2802 models. Key features of the ESD2800 model include a salt monitor, which alerts users to low salt levels, customizable regeneration, flow rate information that monitors water flow in real-time, daily gallon tracking to show how much water has been consumed, cycle duration indicator, and lastly, a valve position indicator to simplify maintenance checks. Incorporating patented AI technology, the ESD2800 adapts to individual water usage patterns, optimizing regeneration cycles and reducing operating costs.

EcoWater Systems u www.EcoWater.com

WATER EXPERTS IN THE MAKING

Addingwaterconditioningtoyourplumbingbusiness canhelpstabilizeincomeandincreaseyourbottomline.

By John Cardiff

Whenyouownasmalltomedium-sizedplumbingbusiness,growthisalwaysonyourmind.Particularlywhen itcomestoopportunitiesthathelpstabilizeyourincomeandmakeyoulessreliantonservicecallsasaprimary source of revenue. Offering water conditioning equipment is one of those revenue opportunities that can help. In addition to the equipment mark-up and installation fee, maintenance plans or scheduled service calls help grow revenue from within your existing customer base and provide additional year-round income security.

As a trusted water expert, you’re in a unique position to help your customers solve all their water problems. According to the Water Quality Association’s (WQA) 2023 consumer opinion study, lack of knowledge about water conditioning is one of the major deterrents for homeowners who don’t have water conditioning in their home. A simple discussion about the benefits of water conditioning for their home and health as part of a regular plumbing call can be a great way to build relationships with your customers and help them feel confident about making a purchase.

Continued on page “25”

Introducing water quality products to your customer doesn’t have to mean cold calling, it can be as simple as discussing the equipment at the end of regular calls or appointments.

If you aren’t already offering water conditioning as part of your product and service offering, there’s no better time than now to get started.

Training and testing

While your company already has a strong foundation in plumbing, water conditioning systems require specific knowledge and expertise. Training andcertification programs can help you install, maintain, and troubleshoot thesesystemseffectively Therearecomprehensivetrainingcoursesavailable thatcoverarangeofwaterconditioningtopics,includingwaterassessment basics, application and sizing, and drinking water contaminants.

These self-directed, online courses range in time commitment from 12 to 24 hours and give up to a year to complete the content and final exam. Talktoassociations,manufacturers,andyourlocalwholesalerforonlineor hands-on training opportunities.

Once you and your team feel confident about the basics of water conditioning, the critical first step in determining water conditioning requirementsiswatertesting.Whenconditioningisnecessary,thetestwill helpdeterminethetypeandsizeofequipmentthatwillberequired.Testing for hardness is easy and should be done even if there is already a softener in the home.

Small, inexpensive portable test kits take about one minute to get an accurate hardness test result. If the test shows a hardness of more than 3.5 grains per gallon, you have something to discuss with the homeowner. Either they need a softener, or their current one is not working and may need replacing.

Besides hardness, there are a variety of kits available for testing other common water problems right in the field. The most common tests are for problems associated with iron, manganese, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and tannins.

Many equipment suppliers offer free water testing for these and other common working water problems. If there are any concerns about the safetyorpotabilityofthewatersupply,itwouldbewiseforthehomeowner to get the water tested at a provincial or local health lab. Such tests are usually available for a small fee. These test results can be provided to your wholesaler who will work with an equipment supplier to recommend the right system.

Understanding your customer’s needs

Bothresidentialandcommercialwaterconditioningsolutionsaddressthree key areas — hard water, disinfectants, and harmful contaminants. Water softeners help prevent scale buildup on pipes, appliances, and fixtures; prevent spots on dishware, glasses, and shower doors; make laundry soft and bright; and give you softer, healthier skin and hair.

Filtration systems remove chlorine and chloramine used by municipalities to provide potable water to residents. Reverse osmosis units provide high-quality drinking water by removing contaminants, including PFAS, lead, microplastics, and chromium.

Even before you test the water, you can use municipal water reports to help understand the water composition in your community. This, along with what you see happening in the home, can be a great conversation starter about water conditioning options and benefits.

When looking for a supply chain partner, ask about the experience of the supplier’s field sales representatives, water testing services, system

certifications, commercial engineering capabilities, whether or not they charge for sales materials, the experience of their customer service teams, and the quality and reliability of their equipment. It’s also important to consider the ease of installation, maintenance, and customer satisfaction when selecting products.

There are some key products to highlight to your customers. Water softeners are ideal for areas with hard water; these systems reduce mineral

Continued on page “27”

"While your company already has a strong foundation in plumbing, water conditioning systems require specific knowledge and expertise. Training and certification programs can help you install, maintain, and troubleshoot these systems effectively."

Many equipment suppliers offer free water testing for common working water problems.

WATER TREATMENT EXPERTS

Have you noticed some staining or scale build-up appearing on your bathroom fixtures? Is your tap water cloudy? Do you have a cottage or rural property and wonder if the water is safe for drinking? Did you know that 85% of Canadian households have hard water?

A residential water treatment system can solve all these problems, and more:

•reduce hardness, turbidity, colours, taste and odour in water

•reduce chemicals used in municipal water treatment

•create potable water that is safe for drinking

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Continued from page “25”

content, and extend the lifespan of plumbing systems and appliances. Whole-house filtration systems filter all the water entering the home, addressing issues like sediment, chlorine, chloramines and odours. Pointof-use filtration is installed at specific locations, like kitchen sinks, to provide clean drinking water. Lastly, there are reverse osmosis systems that offer comprehensive filtration, making them a top choice for customers concerned with contaminants and healthy drinking water.

Ready, set, sell!

Once you’re confident in your knowledge and have chosen a supplier, you’re ready to start talking to your customers about water conditioning. Many homeowners are unaware of the benefits of water conditioning systems or may not even realize they have water quality issues.

Introducing water conditioning to your customers doesn’t have to mean cold calling or hard sell tactics. Ending regular calls or appointments with a discussion about water conditioning or providing product brochures can be a very effective marketing approach. Offering a free water test while you’re in the home can also help a homeowner understand how a water conditioning system can address their needs and improve their home’s water quality.

Another effective way to introduce water conditioning products is by bundling them with your existing products and services. For example, when

performing a water heater installation or a major plumbing repair, you can suggest a water conditioning system that enhances the overall performance and longevity of the customer’s plumbing or appliance. Offering package deals or discounts when customers purchase a water conditioning system along with other services can also encourage sales.

Adding residential water conditioning products to your plumbing business is a smart move that can diversify your services, increase revenue, and enhance customer satisfaction. By choosing the right products, investing in training, educating your customers, and effectively marketing your new offerings, you can position your business as a trusted provider of comprehensive water quality solutions. With careful planning and execution, this expansion can lead to significant growth and success in the long term.

John Cardiff , has been in the water treatment industry for 42 years, starting with Water Conditioning Canada ltd., now known as Canature WaterGroup (CWG). He is the executive vice president of sales and business development for North America. John can be reached at john.cardiff@ canaturewg.com.

Front Line of Defence

UV systems offer a low environmental impact as a water treatment option, which in today’s political and cultural landscape is an attractive bonus.

By Robert Woodland

Water is essential for life, yet ensuring its safety for consumption is a global challenge. With increasing concerns about waterborne pathogens, chemical contaminants, and the overall quality of drinking water, various methods of disinfection have been developed over the years. One of the most effective and increasingly popular methods is ultraviolet (UV) water disinfection.

UV water disinfection is a method that uses ultraviolet light, at a germicidal wavelength of 254 nanometers, to inactivate microorganisms in water, making it safe for drinking. Unlike chemical disinfectants like chlorine, UV disinfection relies on physical processes to neutralize harmful pathogens. At this wavelength, UV light penetrates the cell walls of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, disrupting their DNA and preventing them from reproducing. Once their DNA is damaged, these microorganisms are unable to multiply and cause infection, effectively rendering them harmless.

The UV disinfection process is simple yet highly effective as water passes through a chamber where it is exposed to UV light. The exposure time is typically very short, ranging from just a few seconds to a few minutes, depending on the flow rate and the intensity of the UV light.

UV water disinfection presents an attractive method to areas where other methods may not be feasible or desirable.

Advantages and challenges

The advantage behind the installation of a UV lies in its effectiveness against a wide range of pathogens, many of which are resistant to chemical disinfectants like chlorine. In addition, UV systems have a low environmental impact, which in today’s political

UV disinfection is commonly used in residential systems, especially in rural areas on well water.

and cultural landscape is an attractive bonus. UV systems are also relatively low maintenance. The main requirement is the periodic replacement of the UV lamp, which typically lasts about a year. There are no ongoing chemical costs or complex maintenance procedures. While UV disinfection is a powerful tool for ensuring safe drinking water, it is not without its challenges. The effectiveness of UV disinfection can be impacted by the quality of the water being treated. Turbidity (cloudiness) or high levels of suspended particles can shield microorganisms from UV light, reducing the system's effectiveness. In such cases, pre-filtration is necessary to ensure the water is clear enough for UV treatment.

Although UV systems are cost-effective in the long run, the initial installation cost can be slightly higher compared to other methods like chlorination. However, the ease of maintenance and not having to deal with chemicals is a plus.

The effectiveness of UV disinfection can be impacted by the quality of the water being treated. It can be ideal to include UV systems with some type of filter to get rid of any particles.

The importance of testing

For households relying on private wells as their primary source of drinking water,regularwatertestingiscrucial.Unlikemunicipalwatersystems,which aremonitoredandtreatedbylocalauthorities,theresponsibilityfor ensuring the safety of well water falls entirely on the homeowner. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Health Canada recommend testing well water atleastonceayear,especiallyforcontaminantslike coliformbacteria,nitrates,andotherpotentialhazards.

Testingisimportantbecausethequalityofwellwatercanvarysignificantly over time. Several factors can affectthis,includingseasonalchanges,rainfall patterns, nearby agricultural activities, and the integrity of the well structure itself.Forexample,heavyrainscancauserunoffthatintroducescontaminants intothegroundwater,whileadryspellmightconcentratecertainmineralsor pollutants.Eventheageandconditionofthewellcanplayarole,asolderwells maydevelopcracksorcorrosionthatallowcontaminantstoenter.

When contamination is detected in a well, one common method of disinfection is chlorination. Thisprocessinvolvesaddinga chlorinesolution tothewelltokillbacteriaandotherpathogens.

Toprovidecontinuousprotectionagainstmicrobialcontaminationinwell water, installing a UV disinfection system is highly recommended. Unlike chlorination, which only treats water at the time of application, a UV system providesongoingdisinfectioneverytimewaterpassesthroughit.Thisensures that the homeowner is always protected from harmful microorganisms, regardless of changes in water quality. UV disinfection is a chemical-free process, meaning it doesn’t introduce any substances into your water. This eliminates the risk of chemical residues or by-products and preserves the naturaltasteandqualityofyourwater.

UV systems are highly effective at inactivating bacteria, viruses, and protozoa,includingthosethatareresistanttochlorine.

www.plumbingandhvac.ca

Aging infrastructure

Municipal water systems play a crucial role in providing safe drinking water to millions of households. However, many of these systems are aging and face significant challenges in maintaining water quality. Across North America and other parts of the world, municipal water infrastructure is often decades old, with pipes and treatment facilities dating back over a century. This aging infrastructure is prone to leaks, breaks, and contamination, which can compromise water safety.

One of the most visible signs of these challenges is the increasing frequency of boil water advisories. These advisories, issued when there is a potential risk of contamination in the water supply, are a direct consequence of failing infrastructure. These advisories can last from a few hours to several days, during which residents are instructed to boil their water before using it for drinking, cooking, or brushing their teeth. While these advisories are a necessary precaution, they highlight the vulnerabilities in the municipal water supply system.

Given the challenges with municipal water, many consumers are taking matters into their own hands by improving the quality of the water in their homes. One common approach is de-chlorination, where homeowners use filtration systems to remove chlorine from their tap water. Chlorine is widely used in municipal water treatment as a disinfectant, but it can leave an unpleasant taste and odour, which some people find objectionable.

However, while de-chlorination improves the taste and smell of water, it also removes the residual disinfectant protection that chlorine provides. This creates a new set of risks, as any microorganisms that might enter the water after it leaves the municipal treatment plant are no longer being neutralized by chlorine. Without this defence, homeowners could unknowingly expose their families to harmful bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens.

Best of both worlds

As municipal water systems continue to age and face challenges, homeowners are increasingly looking for ways to ensure the safety and quality of their drinking water. While de-chlorination is a popular choice for improving taste, it leaves water vulnerable to contamination.

By integrating a UV disinfection system into their home water treatment setup, consumers can enjoy the best of both worlds: clean, great-tasting water that is free from harmful chemicals and pathogens. This combination provides a comprehensive approach to water safety, giving families the confidence that their water is as safe as it is refreshing. Is it time to change how you think about the water you use and drink each day?

Robert Woodland, is the director of sales for North America at Luminor Environmental Inc. He is also the director of the Canadian Water Quality Association. Robert can be reached at rwoodland@ luminoruv.com.

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n Heating Products

Heat pump compressor

Danfoss, Oakville, Ont., announces the release of its Bock HGX56

CO2 T six-cylinder semi-hermetic recipro cating compressor for large-capacity heat pumps. The compressor achieves water temperatures up to 90 C and offers an efficient alternative to ammonia and synthetic refrigerants. The HGX56 CO2 T reduces cost, system complexity, and the number of compressors required for large industrial heat pumps, refrigeration, and district heating systems.

Danfoss u www.danfoss.com

Infrared heater

Reznor, O’Fallon, Missouri, introduces the Model VZ.

The new gas-fired radiant heater offers design flexibility with a wide range of bur ner sizes (40,000 to 200,000 BTUh), tube lengths (10 to 60 ft.), and layout options (straight, U-tube or L-shaped). The heater also features a positive-pressure, single-stage burner and fully automatic direct-spark electronic ignition control. Model VZ radiant heaters are approved for indoor spaces like assembly lines, loading docks, airplane hangars, exhibition halls, transportation terminals, and other locations.

Reznor u www.reznorhvac.com

Electric fireplace

Napoleon, Barrie, Ont., introduces its Astound built-in electric fireplace for the residential market. The Astound features voice control activation, a Wi-Fi enabled app, and 13 standard ember bed and top light colour options, which include upgraded orange and yellow flame colours with spark technology to mimic a real fire. The Astound also features an Eco and Boost mode.

Napoleon u www.napoleon.com

Expanded press fitting options

BMI Canada, Boisbriand, Que, adds to its BMI press gas fittings and now carries both BMI copper press and BMI carbon press gas fittings that are available in sizes from 1/2-inch to two-inches. The carbon press gas HNBR fittings are designed for gas distribution systems, and provide an optimal solution for all-natural gas and LPG connection needs. The carbon press EPDM fittings are designed for general plumbing installations, and are ideal for hydronic heating and other non-potable plumbing applications. The copper press fittings are ideal for joining copper pipe without the need for soldering BMI u www.bmicanada.com

Air-to-water heat pump

Johnson Controls, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, launches its new air-towater heat pump for the Canadian market. The York YMAE is available in a 575-volt model and features variable-speed electronic vapour injection (EVI) scroll technology to significantly expand heating capacities. Available in two- and four-pipe configurations, the YMAE 575 V can deliver 60 C water in heating capacities up to 443 MBH while in heating-only mode and 546 MBH during simultaneous heating and cooling using recovered energy. The YMAE 575 V also utilizes the low-GWP refrigerant R-454B. York u www.york.com

Heat exchanger for air handlers

Systemair, Lenexa, Kansas, expands its Geniox line of air handlers by introducing the Eco heat exchanger. The new heat exchanger allows designers and installers to choose an upsized heat recovery module without increasing the unit size. While maintaining the core features of the Geniox air handling units, the Eco introduces a new middle module and reduced pressure drops. Systemair u www.systemair.net

Our HVAC products have been designed on a foundation of excellence, with a selection of advanced Gas Furnaces, Central Air Conditioners, Central Heat Pumps, Air Handlers, and Thermostats. Each one of our HVAC products incorporates the latest cutting-edge and energy-efficient technologies to help your customers enjoy each day in total comfort while optimizing their energy use.

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RETROFITTING AIR-TO-AIR HEAT PUMPS

Air-to-air heat pumps are the most common air sourced heat pumps and are being adopted more in the home.

By Francesco Lo Presti

An air-source heat pump (ASHP) takes the available heat from the air and transfers it between the outdoor unit to the indoor unit, or vice versa, depending on the season. During the winter months, the heat pump will take heat from the outside air and use it to heat the building inside. In the summer, this process is reversed, and the heat pump will take the heat from inside the building and release it outside.

As this technology grows in popularity, it is important to understand how best to size and apply this equipment when on the job site. Each home will

require its own solution and a “one size fits all” approach just won’t cut it in the field. And when it comes to retrofitting a heat pump into a home, it gets even more complicated. “Some homes may have an existing duct system, and the homeowner may still want to use it. Maybe the homeowner is looking to abandon their ductwork for a zoned solution, or maybe they would like to have a combination of both,” explains Chris Mottinger, Midwest regional sales

Continued on page “37”

A manual J calculation can help prevent the drastic oversizing of a unit, which can potentially lead to cooling issues by short cycling or running only at a low speed and having airflow issues on long runs.

Photo provided by Affordable Home Comfort

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n Heating

Continued from page “37” managerforFujitsu.

Theinitialconversationbetweenthecontractorandhomeownerwillhelp determinethebestsolutionforthehome.

Once the heat pump is selected, the next step is determining the load requirements.“Thismeansthatacontractormustconsiderthelength,width, height,dimensions,andorientationofthehome,alongwiththeinsulationand windows. From there, you must complete a manual J calculation,” explains Paul Davis, general manager of Mak Mechanical. “A manual J calculation considers all the above factors to determine the home’s heating and cooling load requirements. This includes the percentage of glass per square footage of a home. If there is a high percentage of glass in a home, thenahigherloadwillbeneeded,andyoucannolongerusestandardsizing”

Thelocationofthehomeisalsoanimportantfactorwhendetermining the required efficiencyof theheatpump.“Ata certainpointor location,a heat pump will become non-efficient.Forexample,a heatpumpcan’tgrasp as much heat out of the air when it’s located further north,” explains Davis. Thegeologicallocationandweatherconditionswillbeaddedtotheheatloss calculations, and “You want to make sure you’re staying within an efficiency rating of around 90 per cent,” shares Alex McIntosh, sales manager of Mak Mechanical.

Proceed with caution

All relevant information needs to be gathered prior to conducting a load

calculation. “In the event that information is hard to determine, it is best to proceed with caution and estimate for the worst-case scenario,” explains Mottinger.

Thiscalculationistheessentialstartingpointforanyretrofitjobbecause “heatpumpshavealowerheatingcapacitythanmanyolderinstalledfurnaces; meaning, it’s important to know the heating capacity truly needed for a home,” says Tom Zinn, a contractor with Affordable Comfort Heating and Cooling. “A manual J calculation can help prevent the drastic oversizing of a unit,whichcan potentially lead to cooling issues by short cycling or running onlyatalowspeedandhavingairflowissuesonlongruns”

Without a manual J load calculation, there isn’t a proper way to correctly determine that the system will meet the building or home’s requirements. Withoutit,thenthecontractorisjustguessing,saysMottinger.Thiscanleadto comfortissues,overorundersizing,andreducedsystemefficiency

Ductwork

One common challenge for retrofittedheatpumpsisductwork.Shouldthe contractor utilize the existing ducts to install a ducted system or is it best to installaductlesssystem?

Thefirststepistotalkwiththehomeowners.“Forexample,doesthehome have hot and cold spots? Are they not getting airflowtotheupstairs?Isthere good ductwork to the main floor?Thesearepartof thatinitialchecklistto

Continued on page “39”

The needs and wants of a customer will help determine which air source heat pump solution is the best for them. Photo provided by Fujitsu

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n Heating

determine the best option for the home,” explains McIntosh.

If the existing ductwork is going to be reused, “It is important to inspect the duct system for leakage, especially in an unconditioned space. After it is inspected, a static pressure calculation should be done to ensure the equipment has a fan capable of delivering capacity at determined airflow through the existing ductwork,” explains Mottinger.

A contractor can use a ductulator, an online tool, to calculate and size the air distribution system. “By using a ductulator, a quick check can be done on both the supply and return main trunks to determine the largest equipment that should be run through that ductwork,” explains Zinn. It is also important to remember that “often older systems have small ductwork which can limit equipment sizing. Too small of duct for the equipment can lead to air movement noise, whistling, and poor air distribution throughout the home.”

Future-proof

A contractor should account for future work that might need to be completed down the road when planning out the retrofit. Building materials, windows, and the tightness of the building envelope will all need to be taken into consideration during the planning stage. “You are hoping that the original house was sized correctly. But to play it safe, you will probably have to oversize a unit for about 15 per cent to compensate,” says Davis. “We always recommend

doing a proper heat loss calculation, but if a homeowner is looking to save the costs of that, you can include the original equipment size and the ductwork size into the duct size calculation.”

Down the road, the homeowner might want to get some kind of addition to the home which could affect sizing requirements for the heat pump. Access to the ductwork will need to be available in this case to determine if the system can handle the extra square footage. “Then you would do all the calculations based on the equipment, ductwork, sizing, and length of runs to determine whether a second system will be needed,” explains Davis. “Typically, you don’t want to exceed 50 per cent more than the original availability from the original equipment.”

If a home utilizes a multizone system, the contractor can connect indoor capacity greater than what is available from the outdoor unit. The same can be done when connecting indoor unit capacity below what is available from the outdoor unit. “If the future renovation’s load requirement can be figured into the initial selection, you can size and select equipment to be added to the system later if the initial installation and future installation are both allowable combinations by the manufacturer.”

It’s essential to have all this information in the early stages so you can size the equipment for that home. “If a significant upgrade is planned, you may downsize equipment knowing it’ll be the right size once the renovation is completed. This would only be done when the upgrade is a certainty,” says Zinn.

Air-to-air is the most common air source heat pump. Photo provided by Fujitsu

Continued from page “37”

The Products you Need:

Incorporating practical hands-on training alongside traditional classroom education is one way to bridge this education gap in the skilled trades.

The Education Gap in Skilled Trades

Itwillrequireamultifacetedapproachtofixtheeducationgap,including improvingapprenticeshipprograms.

By Michael Ridler

Thereappearstobeaneducationgapintheskilledtrades;particularlywhendiscussingthedisconnectbetweenclassroomlearning andthepracticaldemandsofthejob.Thisremainsamultifacetedissuethatrequiresacomprehensiveapproachfortheindustryto succeed.

In the firstpartofmyexplorationintothestateoftheskilledtradesinCanada,wediscussedthecriticalroletheseprofessions play in our economy and the pressing challenges they face, including workforce shortages, an aging demographic, and a persistent skills gap. To read this article, Changing the Dialogue: Making the Trades Accessible, visit the Plumbing & HVAC magazine website.

Continued on page “43”

n Workforce Development

Continued from page “41”

Therearemanygreatnewprogramsavailableforprospectivetradespeople. It is important that industry stakeholders and colleges look at the next evolutionofskilledtradesworkersasstudentsfirstandcustomerssecond.

One of the primary concerns is that trade education often lags behind industry needs, particularly with rapidly evolving technologies. Jason Grieb, partner/owner of Waterloo Energy Products, notes that many training programs have not been updated in decades, which hinders the preparation of apprentices for real-world challenges. Incorporating live firelabs and practical hands-on training alongside traditional classroom education can bridge this gapeffectively

Even worse, in some cases, if the college has a great program, getting into the program tends to be on the difficultside.Forthosewhoarecompleting their apprenticeship, they are forced to travel long distances and taking time awayfromworkandfamiliesisasignificanthurdle.

There is concern within the industry that trade education often lags behind the industry’s needs.

Knowledge is power

Recently, I conducted a survey on my social media channels and, based on therespondents,thereisabeliefthatthecurrenteducationallandscapeforthe tradesismarkedbysignificantchallenges.

Many respondents emphasize the importance of early exposure to the trades. As Brandon Farr, president of Farr Mechanical, shares, “Students should be educated on these paths and options. Academics are important, but it’s not for everyone. Show off the success of tradespeople. Have fun with it and be creative. Passion is formed from this and with passion comes knowledge. Knowledgeispower”

Fortunately, it feels that the high schools are really beginning to figure i t out. Just as my son was graduating from high school, his high school co-op teacher reached out to me to speak to the classes to share some insights and answer questions on what a career in the skilled trades might look like. That would have been incredibly helpful for me. I remember the stigma and sting ofnotbeing“smartenough”foruniversity.

A great example of high schools embracing the community happened at E.L. Crossley Secondary School in Pelham, Ont. The high school partnered with a local HVAC company, Marty’s Heating, to bring meaningful tools and resources into the school. Marty’s Heating was recently invited to share knowledge with students and install equipment in the school so they could learn about hydronics. I was proud to support this endeavour and hope that we will be able to do many more of these over the comingyears.

Reducing barriers

Apprenticeships are unanimously seen as essential for the skilled trades. Enhancing these programs by reducing bureaucratic barriers and increasing financial incentives can make them more attractive and accessible.

Derrick MacIsaac, HVAC manager at Consult Mechanical, highlights the importance of easing the apprentice-to-journeyman ratio restrictions to allow more apprentices to gain hands-on experience. This is a common theme that we have been hearing for a very long time. With the advent of technology,weare going to see an evolution in how technicians get trained. The work is still hard, but the calculations and troubleshooting are getting easier for those who adopt the technology For example, at the 2024 AHR Expo in Chicago, Illinois, Taco Comfort Solutions had Dave Holdorf, residential trainer – eastern region at Taco Comfort Solutions, demonstrating how a technician could learn how to take apart a pump and repair it without ever going to the job site. Virtual reality (VR) is a big deal in gaming, and, with the advent of large language models, the trade schools of the future will adopt this VR technology giving the opportunity for apprentices to get theory and certification while still getting a variation on field training. VR will not only level the playing field when it comes to education, but it will allow students to experience more complexHVACsystemsinatrulyriskfreeandsafeenvironment.

Hands-on training is irreplaceable, however leveraging technology and online learning platforms to supplement traditional methods is also critical. Henry Soto, general manager at A&B Mechanical, advocates for the use of technology to keep apprentices up to date with industry standards and practices. “The apprenticeship is key. This is a great program. It combines theory and practice at the same time, making it very powerful.”

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n Workforce Development

"Just as my son was graduating from high school, his high school co-op teacher reached out to me to speak to the classes to share some insights and answer questions on what a career in the skilled trades might look like."

There is an education gap in the skilled trades, especially when it comes to the disconnect between classroom learning and practical demands.

Continued from page “43”

Money talks

Financial incentives for employers who invest in training apprentices can significantly boost apprenticeship opportunities. Rob Kwiczak, owner of RNJ Mechanical Inc., mentions wage subsidy programs as a successful method to encouragemoreemployerstotakeonapprentices.

One of the most important roles that we have as individuals in the HVAC industry is to remove barriers and labels in all forms. The trades are for everyone,anditisimportantwedon'tputlabelsorlimitsonwhatcanbedone andbywho.Theconceptthatonly“mencandothework”isaswrongtodayas itwasinthe1980s.WhenmymotherstartedherHVACcompanyinthe80s, she must have missed that memo. I truly look forward to when my daughter comesofageandchoosesherownpath,andIhopeshetoowillchoosetojoin thetradesjustasIhave.

The need for ongoing education and upskilling remains paramount.

Michael Hamoen from Radiant Ready Inc. suggests creating online certification programs and using tools like Zoom for continuous education to keep tradespeople current with industry trends. This idea truly resonateswithme.Virtualtraininginsmallblocksisagreatwaytoupskill.

As we continue this series, your feedback and experiences are invaluable. I invite you to engage with us by sharing your insights and perspectives. Together,wecanshapeabrighterfuturefortheskilledtradesinCanada.

Michael Ridler, is the general manager at Eden Energy Equipment. He started out working for a Ont-based HVAC company and now focuses on providing field support and technical training to contractors, engineers, and builders on heat pumps, boilers, and all things hydronics. He can be reached at edenenergymike@gmail.com.

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Side-stream solutions are very common for commercial applications. Choosing one that provides magnetic, non-magnetic, air venting, and potfeeder options makes servicing quick and easy.

THE CLEAN-UP CREW

An air, dirt, and

particle

separator can help lengthen the system's lifespan by removing impurities that could lead to catastrophic failure.

By Leah Den Hartogh

Eachcomponentwithinahydronicsystemhasaveryspecificreason foritsinstallation.Likeaverycomplexpuzzle,everysinglepiecehas tofittogetherjustright.

Theroleoftheairanddirtseparators,andmagneticfiltersis to remove any and all impurities that might be circulating through a system’s closed loops. In commercial applications, these tend to be combination separators, whereas in residential applications, they couldbebrokendownintoseparatecomponents.

Whenitcomestoairseparation,theproductistypicallyinstalled at the hottest point within the system and the lowest pressure. This iswhereairbubbleswillform.Butfordirtandmagneticseparation, youjusthavetopickthemostexpensivethingwithinthesystemand protectthatcomponent.“Thatmightbetheheatexchangerofaheat pumporaboiler,oritcouldbeabigcommercialcirculator.Putthe magnetic and dirt separator upstream of that,” explains Max Rohr, directorofmarketingandeducationatCaleffi.

Another element to keep in mind is the expansion tank. “It’s commonfortheexpansiontankandtheseparatortobeinstalledin a similar location as kind of the air management system,” explains Chris Kerback, Americas product line manager at Bell & Gossett’s Engineered Specialties Group. “The expansion tank is generally going to be located right at the pump. The pump suction, which is known as the point of no pressure change, is the ideallocation.”

Air within a closed-loop hydronic system might sound like it wouldn’t be too bad, but there are several problems that might occur.To function properly, the system must have the air removed, or else there could be flow stoppages in portions of the system due to air binding, excess noise due to water cascading in piping that contains air, or internal corrosion of components due to dissolved oxygen in thewater.

Continued on page “49”

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n Hydronics

Continued from page “47”

When there are too many metal particles found in the water, it is going to comeoutverydarkorevenblackincolour.Theremightevenbeblackmetal flakes or shearing cynics if there’s corrosion occurring and there are high levels of oxygen in the system. However, there are times when no physical symptomsoccur,“Wemightlookatclearwaterandthinkit’sfine,butwecan’t seepHlevels,inhibitorlevels,degradingglycol,orevensometimesmagnetite duetohowsmallitis.That’swhyI’mveryadamantonallcontractorstesting the system’s water, even if they think it looks clear,” explains Antonia Aldridge, North American marketing manager and Canadian sales manager at Adey “Whywaitforthecorrosiontooccur?Atestisalsoagreat way of showing the end user what their water conditions are and what the potentialeffectsare”

These pH imbalances cannot be fixed using a magnetic filter. If there’s an imbalance, which could occur due to factors like degrading glycol and galvanic reactions, this is when inhibitors with buffering agents will help balance the pH levels. “The filters themselves are about capture, but water chemistryisjustasimportant.”

Centrifugal vs. coalescing

There are a couple of different styles of separators that are pretty popular in the market today — centrifugal and coalescing styles. In a centrifugalstyle separator, the nozzles will be offset to one side of the body (they’ll kind of be inatangentialconfiguration).Theinletnozzlewillbelocatedonthetop ofthebody and the outlet nozzle will be located at the bottom. As the fluid comes intotheseparator,itstartstocirculateandgodown.

“If you think about that old carnival ride, the Graviton, it will spin around, and people would get pushed to the outside. It operates similarly The heavier fluid that has less air entrained in it will kind of get pushed to the outside and the air bubbles will kind of combine in the center of the unit,” explains Kerback. “The bubbles will combine with one another and then eventually flow to the top. The sediment will kind of get thrown to the outside and then eventually filter down to the bottom where it can be removed via blow down valve or something like that, and then the fluid will leave via the discharge nozzle”

A coalescing style separator is slightly different. The nozzles are going to berightinlinewithoneanotheratthecenterofthetank.Thismeansthat the fluid is passing directly through the separator. “As the fluid passes through the media, it helps to break the surface tension of the fluid itself. The bubbles will stick to that medium, and again, they’ll combine with one another and then eventuallyflowtothetopwherethey’reremovedviaanair vent or something like that. Similarly, the sediment gets pulled out of the solution that filters and falls to the bottom of the tank, where again, it’s removedbyablowdownvalve,"explainsKerback.

Maintenance plan

Likemostcomponentswithinahydronicsystem,thereneedstobesome kindofmaintenanceplan.Itdependsonthesystemitselfintermsof frequency.

“My recommendation with a new system is to go to the dirt separator and take a bucket and blow it down, which means that you take the magnet out,soall the magnetic debris falls to the bottom,” shares Rohr. “Then you open up Continued on page “51”

Air,

dirt, and particle separation is more likely to occur all in one product when in commercial applications.

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n Hydronics

Continued from page “49”

the ball valve that goes into the bucket and you see what you have. You might find a welding glove, which we found once.”

This check will help determine if there is a problem within the system. If this check was completed on the first day and the contractor was to come back a week later and the scenario was the same, there is something inside the system, water quality wise, that is continuing to cause a dead sea inside the system.

At a minimum, air, dirt, and particle separators, and magnetic filters should be checked once a year, but it will depend on how dirty the system is. Building this check into a building maintenance schedule is ideal. Regardless of the age of the system, an air and dirt separator should be added to remove as much oxygen and non-magnetic debris as possible, but a "magnetic filter should always be added to capture any magnetite. Why wait for oxygen to cause corrosion in the system and debris to build up? This causes instant heat transfer issues, efficiency losses, and is a threat to component life. Testing is the first and foremost step in identifying the condition of system water and provides the contractor with a way of showing the end-user the condition of the system water and impact," explains Aldridge.

Some manufacturers create these separators without the need to disassemble any components. Instead, all the contractor would have to do is remove the magnet, open the ball valve, and then close it. No dismantling is required.

Another approach to maintenance in a new system would be to increase the number of checks in the beginning. “When you first get the system up and running again, you probably want to do regular checks fairly frequently until you get to a point where you’re sure there’s no sediment blowing down,” explains Kerback. “If it’s a retrofit, you might want to do it more regularly just because the system might be old.”

Older systems are more likely to have magnetic particles floating around the system and regular testing is important to ensure the system runs smoothly.

SWITCHING WITH AIR TO WATER HEAT PUMPS

Understanding Heat Pump Water Heaters

In a world focused on energy efficiency and climate change, heat pump water heaters are becoming increasingly popular for domestic hot water heating.

By Glenn Mellors

Heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) are an increasingly popular option for heating water in residential and commercial buildings due to their energy efficiency and environmental benefits. Unlike traditional water heaters that generate heat directly through electrical resistance or combustion, heat pump water heaters transfer heat from the surrounding air to the water, making it a more energy-efficient alternative.

A heat pump water heater operates on the same principle as a refrigerator, but in reverse. Instead of cooling the air inside a compartment, it extracts heat from the surrounding air and uses it to heat water in a storage tank.

The heat absorption takes place within the unit itself. Usually located on top of the water storage tank, there is a fan that pulls in air from the surrounding environment. This air passes over an evaporator coil filled with a refrigerant, a fluid that absorbs heat from the air, and evaporates into a gas. This refrigerant gas is then compressed by the compressor, which increases its temperature. The hot gas flows through the condenser coil wrapped around or within the water tank.

As the hot refrigerant gas passes through the condenser, it transfers its heat to the water in the tank, warming it up. This results in the releasing of heat before the refrigerant cools back down and returns to a liquid state. The refrigerant is then cycled back to the evaporator to repeat the process. This

cycle continues until the water in the tank reaches the desired temperature.

Advantages

It makes sense in today’s world that heat pump technology has found its way into other parts of the mechanical room. This time, it’s within the world of domestic hot water heating. Heat pump water heaters are significantly more energy-efficient than conventional electric or gas water heaters. They use about 50 to 70 per cent less energy to produce the same amount of hot water because it moves heat rather than generating it directly.

Due to its overall reduced energy consumption, heat pump water heaters result in lower greenhouse gas emissions produced within the home or building. This makes it an environmentally friendly option, especially when paired with renewable energy sources like solar or wind power.

Although the initial cost of a heat pump water heater is higher than that of traditional models, the energy savings over time can offset the initial investment. Many users find that their energy bills decrease significantly after switching to a heat pump water heater.

In addition, heat pump water heaters have the advantage that it can be

Continued on page “55”

Heat pump water heaters are significantly more energyefficient than conventional water heaters.

Heat pump water heaters require regular maintenance like any other domestic hot water heating system.

Continued from page “53”

installed in various settings, such as basements, garages, or utility rooms — provided there is sufficient air space and a temperature range that the unit can efficiently draw from.

Limitations

The initial cost of purchasing and installing a heat pump water heater can be higher than that of traditional water heaters. However, this is often offset by long-term energy savings. Heat pump water heaters perform best in warm or moderate climates where the ambient air temperature is higher. In colder climates, they may need to work harder, potentially reducing its efficiency. Some models come with backup resistance heating elements to maintain performance in colder conditions.

There are some space constraints associated with conventional water heaters because it needs adequate airflow to function properly. It typically needs to be installed in areas with at least 1,000 cubic ft. of air space around them.

Effectiveness

The overall effectiveness of heat pump water heaters largely depends on factors such as climate, installation location, and usage patterns. In optimal conditions, heat pump water heaters are highly effective and can provide significant energy savings compared to traditional water heaters. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that a family of four could save approximately $300 per year on energy costs by switching to a heat pump water heater.

Additionally, many modern heat pump water heaters come with smart controls, allowing users to adjust settings and monitor energy usage, further enhancing their effectiveness.

Another benefit to heat pump water heaters is that they require less maintenance than traditional water heaters, but regular upkeep is still important to ensure they operate efficiently and have a long lifespan.

When it comes to regular maintenance on heat pump water heaters, there are a few key areas to upkeep. This includes regular air filter cleaning or replacement. The filter can usually be accessed by removing a panel on the unit. Depending on the model, you can either clean the filter with water and mild soap or replace it if it is a disposable type. Dirty filters can reduce efficiency and cause the unit to work harder, leading to increased energy consumption.

Cleaning the condenser coil is another important aspect of regular maintenance. It's not much different than cleaning an air conditioner coil, use a soft brush or a vacuum with a brush attachment to gently remove dust and dirt from the coil. Keeping the coil clean ensures optimal heat transfer and efficiency.

Next is the flushing of the tank; drain a few gallons of water from the tank using the drain valve at the bottom. This process helps flush out sediment. For a more thorough cleaning, the tank can be fully drained and then refilled. Flushing the tank helps to remove these deposits, which can improve the heater's efficiency and extend its lifespan.

To test the pressure relief valve, lift the valve's lever to release some water, then let it snap back into place. If water continues to flow after releasing the

Continued on page “57”

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"Due to its overall reduced energy consumption, heat pump water heaters result in lower greenhouse gas emissions produced within the home or building."

Continued from page “55”

lever, or if the valve doesn’t release water when the lever is lifted, the valve may need to be replaced.

Like any tank-type water heater, the anode rods need to be inspected. In heat pump water heaters, the anode rod is typically located at the top of the tank. It can be removed and inspected for wear. If the rod is significantly corroded, it should be replaced.

The condensate drain should be regularly checked. This means checking the drain line for clogs and cleaning it if necessary. Some models may have a built-in condensate pump that also needs periodic inspection.

Routine maintenance of a heat pump water heater is simple and can greatly enhance its efficiency and lifespan. By staying on top of this, homeowners can ensure their heat pump water heater continues to operate smoothly.

Glenn Mellors was born into a plumbing family and started in the industry in 1973. He entered the HVAC side of the business in the 80s, working in wholesale, and then joined Lennox in 1992. In 2008 he joined the ClimateCare Co-operative Corporation, an Ontario contractor group, where he is director of training and implementation. Glenn can be reached at gmellors@climatecare.com.

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One opportunity for heat pump water heaters is within the retrofit market.

Funding given to HVAC/R association to help identify knowledge gap for existing technicians

New funding has been awarded to the Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Institute of Canada (HRAI) by the Environment and Climate (ECCC) and Natural Resources Canada. The funding is geared and filling the skills and knowledge gap for existing HVAC technicians who want tobecomemoreproficientintheinstallationandservicing residentialheatpumps.

The announcement was made at Canco ClimateCare in Newmarket, Ont. Dabrusin, parliamentary secretary to the minister of environment and change, on behalf of Steven Guilbeault, minister of environment and made the announcement alongside Tony Van Bynen, member Newmarket—Aurora. In addition, a mixture of trades press and local media was present.

A tour of the Canco ClimateCare facility was offered by Nancy principal of Canco ClimateCare, and Bob McKeraghan, president of Canco ClimateCare, to everyone in attendance, where we were able to see the storage and training rooms. Everyone was given a brief training presentation on the various types of heat pumps that are common in Ontario, including electric-only, hybrid, andminisplitvariations. programisstillwithinitsfirstfewstagesandislookingfor toreachoutforcomment.

From left to right: Kevin MacDonald, service technician at Canco ClimateCare, Dalton Gowan, gas technician at Canco ClimateCare, Nancy McKeraghan, principal at Canco Climate Care, Julie Dabrusin, parliamentary secretary to the minister of environment and climate change, Tony Van Bynen, member of parliament for Newmarket—Aurora, Bob McKeraghan, president of Canco ClimateCare, and Martin Luymes, vice president of government and stakeholder relations, pose for a photo at Canco ClimateCare following the announcement of new funding for HRAI.

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n People & Places

People

Aqua-Tech Sales and Marketing Inc. announces the promotion of Grant Erickson to vice president of sales and marketing. Erickson first joined the team from the University of Toronto in 1999, where he embarked on a career of professional technical engineered sales in the GTA. He will be working alongside Chris Neilson, vice president of operations. Both will be reporting to Darryl Singleton, president of Aqua-Tech.

HeatLink announces that Jimmy Fey joins the team mas its new Eastern regional sales manager. With over 18 years of experience in the plumbing, industrial, and PVF markets, Fey has previously worked for companies such as Fastenal, Emerson Corp. – Ridgid, and Grupo Tigre.

Paul Nick joins the Rinnai America Corp. team as its new vice president of product and marketing. The newly created position will lead the organization’s product management and ma rketing teams. Nick joins Rinnai with over 25 years of experience in marketing

and product leadership. He spent over 10 years with Polaris, in a variety of positions, and most recently held the position of vice president of offroad products and partnerships with the parts, garments, and accessories divisions. Prior to his work at Polaris, Nick held leadership positions at Taraget.com and Kohler Company.

Daikin Applied announces the appointment of two new executives to its leadership team — Jeff Shusta joins the team as its vice president of corporate development, and Ashish Srivastava has been named vice president of digital and information technology. Shusta brings more than 20 years of experience in mergers and acquisitions, integrations, and business strategy and management. Srivastava is a senior executive with over 22 years of experience leading digital transformation and IT for companies. He will lead Daikin’s digital and technology strategy and guide IT operations.

Armstrong Fluid Technology shares that Anish Suthesh Arul has been promoted to regional manager for North America. In his new role, he will manage both the U.S. and Canadian regional sales enhancement centers. Arul has been with Armstrong for five years, most recently as an

Napoleon acquires the required assets to produce the Ecosmart line-up of products from NV Ecovision Sales. Inc. This strategic move brings together the combined knowledge and technological expertise of both companies in hydronic air handlers under the Napoleon brand. This technology complements Napoleon’s growing range of cold climate heat pumps and the EQHub smart control system. The acquisition was completed in July 2024.

applications engineer specializing in project management.

Nidec/U.S. Motors has promoted two long-time staffers to senior roles. Cory Kniepp is now director of strategic planning and marketing operations, and Patrick Hogg is senior marketing director of industrial OEMs and distribution. In his new role, Kniepp will support growth initiatives, collaborating with senior management in shaping business strategy and conducting data analysis. Kniepp joined Nidec in 2017 as market manager. Hogg will continue to lead the company’s industrial pumping, distribution, and general industry markets, along with a stronger focus on business development for these and other growing markets in the industrial segment. He has been with Nidec for over 16 years.

Trevor Hart joins the Barclay Sales team as its technical sales representative for the Northern Alberta region. Hart began his apprenticeship in 2003, working on high-rise apartments in downtown Calgary, specializing in drain, waste, and vent systems.

ThermOmegaTech announces the expansion of its manufacturing facility in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. This expansion will add 23,000 sq. ft. to the existing 37,000 sq. ft. and incorporate new manufacturing, research and development, and office space, resulting in 60,000 sq. ft. total. The new space includes specialized areas for aerospace and defense engineering and manufacturing equipment and sections for prototyping, testing, and quality inspection.

Grant Erickson

Jimmy Fey

Paul Nick

Jeff Shusta

Patrick Hogg

Trevor Hart

Ashish Srivastava

Cory Kniepp

n Coming Events

Trenchless industry heads North

It’s been five years since No-Dig North made its journey up to Canada but the three-day conference is returning in full swing with plenty of educational opportunities and networking events.

From Oct. 28 to 30, No-Dig North is expected to bring together municipalities, contractors, consulting engineers, public utilities, industrial facilities, and damage prevention professionals to network and learn new techniques for improving trenchless infrastructure. Held at the Niagara Falls Convention Centre, around 1,000 guests are expected to attend the conference with access to over 130 exhibitors. The conference will also provide a series of “Good Practice” courses. Starting on Oct. 28 at 7 a.m., courses will run throughout the day. Some of the featured courses will cover topics such as introduction to rehabilitation, horizontal directional drilling, cured-in-place piping, introduction to new installations, microtunnels, inspection and condition assessment, new installations and slip lining, and new installations and rehab technology.

On Oct. 29, a keynote presentation will be given by Marcello Gruosso, COO of Niagara Parks Commission. The presentation will be followed up by the Canadian project of the year award ceremony. Breakfast is a ticketed event and must be purchased prior to.

The exhibitor hall will have specific times for attendees to walk around and see the latest

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No-Dig North was last held in 2019 and saw over 800 guests attend over the three-days.

trenchless technology. On Oct. 28, the hall will be open from 5:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m.; on Oct. 29, the exhibitor hall will be open 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.; and on Oct. 30, the hall will be open from 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. There are lunch and coffee breaks scheduled throughout the day.

To wrap up the second day of the conference, a Niagara Falls power station reception will be held from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. This networking event is extra and not covered under regular registration. The price of the ticket, which is priced at $100, will include transportation, a tour, and light canapés. A cash bar will be available at the event.

The No-Dig North conference is hosted by the North American Society for Trenchless Technology (NASTT). The society has regional chapters across Canada, the United States, and

Mexico. The last No-Dig North conference was held in 2019; over 800 guests attended.

CALENDAR

Sept. 22 - 24:

HRAI 2024 AGM & Conference, Fairmont Vancouver, B.C. For more information, please visit www.hrai.ca.

Sept. 24 - 25: Canadian Hydronics Conference 2024, River Cree Casino, Enoch, Alta. For more information, please visit www.ciph.com.

Oct. 28 – 30:

No-Dig North 2024, Niagara Falls Convention Centre, Niagara Fall, Ont. For more information, please visit www.nodignorth.ca.

Nov. 27 – 30: MCAC Annual National Conference 2024:

Omni Barton Creek Resort and Spa, Austin, Texas. For more information, please visit www.mcac.ca.

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