BETTER CHOICES, HEALTHIER SPACES
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Index 1
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Introduction
Definition
Friendly Materials
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p.6 _ What is the origin of Friendly Materials? Research background and research framework What is the Friendly Materials assessment tool?
p.10 _ What do we analyze? _ • Friendly Materials Substance • Friendly Materials Product • Friendly Materials System • Friendly Materials Space
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Inspired by PMMT p.20 _ PMMT Team and achievements
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01 Studies indicate that 50% of the world population lives in modern cities (1) and that the inhabitants of modern cities spend almost 90% of their time indoors (2). It is also demonstrated that the pollution concentration indoors reaches levels up to 5 times higher than outdoors (3).
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Introduction Friendly Materials© is an analytical assessment methodology that allows evaluating and objectively compare how do building materials and building systems affect indoor areas and, therefore, the health of its occupants. Having in mind that we live in an era where subjects such as environmental concerns, energy efficiency and sustainability are on the front line of public and social debates, the indoor air quality seems to be frequently forgotten. Even though indoor air quality is not a new subject, once it doesn’t have inmmediat effects on human health, its importance and impact is frequently underestimated. Nonetheless, its negative effects may disturb the physical and mental health of building occupants, producing high stress levels, decreasing employee productivity and causing a general sense of discomfort. We acknowledge that some issues addressed here - such as non-toxic building materials or which chemical substances to avoid - are well developed in several other research studies and papers. Nonetheless, we’ve noticed a certain lack of objectivity due to the absence of measurable information. Thus, it was our aim to create a comparative evaluation system that embraces the wide range of building materials commonly used by the building industry.
Even though Friendly Materials was developed from a healthcare standpoint, it is intended for all building types that are frequently occupied (such as schools, office buildings, etc). We strongly believe that it is urgent to block the use of harmful building products that might contain chemical compounds unfavorable to human health. Besides, we stand for a precautionary principle and we advocate greater transparency. Hence it is our goal to study and assess building materials and to communicate our conclusions in such manner that is accessible for any kind of audience. It is our aim to raise awareness on non-toxic built environments, on healthy building design and to promote transparency within the building materials’ industry.
Friendly Materials© is a commitment to healthy buildings, to transparency of information and to corporate social responsibility. A healthy workplace improves the cognitive responsiveness by up to 200%.(4)
(1) The World Data Bank. 2015 (2) Report to Congress on indoor air quality, USA EPA - Environmental Protection Agency, 1989 (3) Principles for a toxic-free environment, ChemSec & AAMMA, 2007 (4) The Impact of Green Buildings on Cognitive Function, Harvard Universtity, 2016 5
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Definition A unique tool that acknowledges the healthiest building materials available on the market.
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What is the origin of Friendly MaterialsŠ? From the earliest architecture history until today, buiding materials have exponentially evolved.
PREHISTORY
ACIENT ERA
9000 bC
500 bC
ROMAN ERA and MIDDLE AGE 1 aC - 1500 aC
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1700 - 1800L
OIL ERA 1850
MODERN ERA 1900
TODAY
FUTURE
YEAR 0
Until the Middle Age, the available building materials were, for the most part, naturallyoccurring materials or simple combinations of natural elements (such as roman concrete, for example) Moreover, the buildings were designed in a way that favored permanent natural ventilation of all its rooms. By doing so, indoor air quality was a non-existing concept: the inside and the outside air were basically the same. Nonetheless, with the industrial revolution and latter with the appearance of oil-based materials, a new concern is born: energy savings. To this end, buildings are designed to be as airtigth as possible and, for the first time in history, we talk about indoor air quality.
Together with the technological evolution, the number of new materials doesn’t stop growing along with the complexity of its chemical composition and its raw ingredients. However, buildings remain airtight; therefore the air pollutants indoors are increasingly higher and more complex. For the first time in history we are talking about the Sick Building Syndrome, about Multiple Chemical Sensibility and about several other negative consequences related to the elements that define our built environment. At the same time, the new technologies are developing new materials with proven health benefits. Knowing this data and the reality we live today (90% of our time is spent indoors) we should ask a question: what do we want for our future buildings?
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Research background and framework FRIENDLY MATERIALSŠ is based on 3 key principles:
01. Building materials
02. Useful life period
Although there are other factors that affect the health of the built environment, this current system solely focus on building materials.
We analyze the effects that building materials have on human health throughout the useful life of a building; we exclude the previous activities (resource extracting and manufacturing) and the subsequent demolition and disposal process.
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03. Direct impact on human health The current methodology is uniquely focused on the direct impact of building materials on human health. We have discarded indirect impacts such as ecology or sustainabilty (not decreasing its relevance).
What is the Friendly Materials© assessment tool? In order to score the health level of a certain room, Friendly Materials© (FM©) comprises four interdependt assessment groups: FM© Substances, FM© Products, FM© Systems and FM© Spaces.
Each group has its own algorithm, which allows combining several parameters that present a direct influence on human health. Transparency criteria by the commercial brand and thirdparty certificates or labels are also taken into account. FM© SUBSTANCE: we have created a compilation of chemical substances identified in baseline red lists and that are commonly found in the building industry: the FM© Alert List. The acquired knowledge on the chemical composition of building materials, combined with other influence factors, allows for the evaluation of building products. FM© PRODUCT: We weigh technical data that provides information on eventual damage of building materials to human health, and through our algorithm we are able to score it. We assign a score for each assessed building product and rank it within its category.
FM© SUBSTANCE
FM© PRODUCT
The highest scoring porducts in each category will be given a GOLD, SILVER or BRONZE MEDAL We identify the healthiest building materials, in search for the best building systems. FM© SYSTEM: Once the products (building materials) are assessed, we have the ability to analyze building systems. We consider the score of each product that defines the building system and we weigh it with other influence factors. We combine the highest ranked building systems in search for optimal solutions and healthy indoor areas. FM© SPACE: The scores obtained by several products and their corresponding building systems, combined with other factors that have an influence on the quality of indoor environments, allow us to audit and assess indoor areas. We propose improvement actions on a case by case basis.
FM© SYSTEM
FM© SPACE
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Friendly Š Materials The commitment to research, progress and innovation are the core values that define PMMT and also one of the reasons that led us to develop Friendly MaterialsŠ: a tool that allows us to be more responsible decision-makers. As architects specialized in advanced healthcare buildings, it also allows us to prescribe building materials based on health criteria and not only on its aesthetics, cost and performance. Hence, we are able to achieve healthier spaces for everyone.
What do we analyze? Friendly Materials is an assessment tool intended to diverse agents of the building industry. Friendly Materials is also geared for public or private managing directors, to corporate headquarters and school managers, and to building contractors. We study and evaluate the health level of building materials, building systems and indoor areas. Based on our algorithms we are able to
FRIENDLY MATERIALS© SUBSTANCE • Improve our knowledge as architects. • Make better (and more responsible) choices when prescribing building materials. • Open source data base, available online for free
FOR US AND FOR EVERYONE.
FRIENDLY MATERIALS© PRODUCT •Analyze and assess the building materials found on todays market. • To publish an online healthy materials data base. Open source data base, available online for free. • Advise and guide building material companies to improve their products’ health level. FOR THE BUILDING MATERIALS’ INDUSTRY AND FOR EVERYONE.
propose improvement actions, that are adapted for each case. We raise awarness on non-toxic built environments and on healthy building design, as well as promoting transparency in the building products’ industry.
FRIENDLY MATERIALS© SYSTEM • Advise and guide contractors, project managers and architects for them to achieve healthier building systems. • For new or for existing buildings. Both construction or design stages.
FOR CONTRACTORS, ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS AND PROJECT MANAGERS.
FRIENDLY MATERIALS© SPACE • Audit existing indoor areas (of buildings such as schools, hospitals or hotels) and suggest the improvements needed. • Audit and improve indoor areas with high health demands.
FOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS, COMPANY MANAGERS AND PROPERTY OWNERS.
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FRIENDLY MATERIALSŠ
SUBSTANCE Friendly MaterialsŠ ALERT LIST A compilation of toxical chemical substances identified in baseline red lists and that are commonly found in building materials. CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
Polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb)
POTENTIALLY ADVERSE EFFECTS
- Endocrine disruptor - Neurotoxic effects - Probably carcinogenic
Cadmium
- Carcinogenic - Toxic to the environment
Hexachlorobenzene y pentachlorobenzene (HCB & PECB)
- Probably carcinogenic - Affects reproductive health
Hexavalente chromium (Cr VI)
- Carcinogenic - Skin irritant
IN WHICH BUILDING MATERIALS CAN THEY BE FOUND Paints and coatings: filler in old buildings; plastic painting Installations: plugs and ellectric equipment
Plastics: as pigment or stabilizer Installations: ellectronic devices and batteries
Paints and coatings: solvents Plastics: flame retardants Wood: fungicides
- Cements: concrete production; grout and mortar
Flooring: vynil flooring Plastics: plastic products, medical tubing, blood bags.
Phtalates (DEHP, DBP & BBP)
- Carcinogenic - Endocrine disruptor - Neurotoxic effects
Halogenated flame retardants (HBCD, PBDE, TBBPA...)
- Probably carcinogenic - Endocrine disruptor - Affects the immune system
Wood treatment: arsenic (CCA)
- Carcinogenic - Affects the immune system - Skin irritant
Wood: fungicide treatment and rot prevention tretaments.
Wood treatment: creosote
- Carcinogenic - Respiratory irritant - Skin irritant
Wood: wood preservative, fungicide treatment and rot prevention treatments..
Wood treatment: pentachlorophenol (PCP)
- Probably carcinogenic - Endocrine disruptor - Skin irritant
Wood: fungicide treatment and rot prevention tretaments.
Insulation: EPS and XPS Paints and coatings Plastics:: household appliances
Reference red lists: REACH Annex XIV and XVII, SIN List, EPA Action Plan, Living Building Challenge, Greenspec, Transparency by Perkins+Will. Please find detailled information on each substance at www.friendlymaterials.com 12
www.friendlymaterials.com Friendly MaterialsŠ ALERT LIST A compilation of toxical chemical substances identified in baseline red lists and that are commonly found in building materials. CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
Alkylphenols (NP y NPE)
POTENTIALLY ADVERSE EFFECTS
- Affects reproductive health - Affects children development
- Probably carcinogenic - Endocrine disruptor - Neurotoxic effects
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA)
- Carcinogenic - Liver damage
- Carcinogenic - Toxic by inhalation - Skin irritant
Formaldehyde (added)
Bisphenol A (BPA)
- Endocrine disruptor - Affects reproductive health
- May cause lung irritation - Skin irritant - Probably affects reproductive health
Styrene
Chlorinated polyethylene
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins
Chloroprene (neoprene)
IN WHICH BUILDING MATERIALS CAN THEY BE FOUND Paints and coatings: phenol and epoxy resins,, adhesives and glues. Plastics: as plasticizers and spreaders, surfactants.
Florring and cladding: vynil Insulation: thermic insulation Plastics: medical equipment
Insulation: polyurethane foam Paints: hardener for epoxy resins, to prevent iron and steel corrosion.
Insulation: foams and binders for mineral wool. Paints: resins, varnishes and glues Wood: fiberboards and by-products
Paints and coatings: policarbonate, epoxy resins and adhesives, surface coatings.
Pipes and installations: plastic pipes. Insulation: thermal and acoustic, EPS and XPS, fiberglass.
Insulation: insulation sheets Plastics: synthetic rubber, plastic resins (PVC, PE or ABS)
- Carcinogenic
- Probably carcinogenic
- Probably carcinogenic - Headache, dizziness, and fatigue - Skin irritant
Paints and coatings: additives in paints and sealings Metallic components: cutting oils Flame retardants: additives
Flooring and cladding: sythetic rubber flooring, joint sealing and expansion joints and acoustic insulation.
Reference red lists: REACH Annex XIV and XVII, SIN List, EPA Action Plan, Living Building Challenge, Greenspec, Transparency by Perkins+Will. Please find detailled information on each substance at www.friendlymaterials.com 13
FRIENDLY MATERIALSŠ
PRODUCT FMŠ Product Algorithm Infocard The rating for each building material is detailed on Product Algorithm Infocards such the one shown bellow. The rating is based on a proprietary algorithm that combines several parameters that affect human health.
We weigh technical data that provide information on eventual damage of building materials to human health, and through our algorithm we are able to score building products.
XXXXXXXXX
The Product Algorithm Infocards are property of PMMT and the assessed commercial brands. For reasons of confidentiality all the references to commercial brands are struck through. Copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 14
www.friendlymaterials.com FM© Product Medals We assign a score for each assessed building product and rank it within its category.The highest scoring products in each category will be given a GOLD, SILVER or BRONZE MEDAL.
Whenever a product scores a medal or a score not less than 47 FMP (*) it will be published on the online healthy materials’ database www.friendlymaterials.com.
Once assigned, the medals become an instrument for disseminating the good health level of such product and may be used for marketing and advertising of the assessed
brands. The medals are grouped by categories. In such way, a product may only compete with its peers. Even though the absolute socre is /100FMP,
Copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 15
FRIENDLY MATERIALS©
SYSTEM
FM© System Algorithm Infocard Once the building materials are assessed, we have the ability to analyze building systems. We consider the score of each product that defines the building system and we weigh it with other influence factors.
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX
We combine the highest ranked building systems in search for optimal solutions and healthy indoor areas. The algortihm is adapted depending on whether we are assessing a flooring building system, a wall or a ceiling.
XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX
The System Algorithm Infocards are property of PMMT. For reasons of confidentiality all the references to commercial brands are struck through. Copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 16
FRIENDLY MATERIALSŠ
SPACE
FMŠ Space Algorithm Infocard The score assigned to each Space Algorithm Infocard is based on its own algorithm that takes into acount the score of the several building systems that make up the room, together with psycosocial comfort parameters and the suitability of that area to its function.
The scores recommended as optimal are different depending on the room type and its function. The infocard is a visual overview, as it only reflects about 80% of the influence factors considered to score the room.
The Space Algorithm Infocards are property of PMMT and the assessed companies or institutions.. For reasons of confidentiality all the references to commercial brands are struck through. Copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 17
FRIENDLY MATERIALSŠ
SPACE
FMŠ Space Medals All of the assessed rooms will obtain a recognition medal with its score.
With such recognition, the audited company or institution is showing its committement to its workers and clients, achieving a high level of corporate social responsability. We propose improvement actions, adapted on a case-by-case basis.
Copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 18
www.friendlymaterials.com Recognition panel The audited companies or institutions will also receive an explanatory panel, which promotes healthy building design and non-toxic built environments.
Such panel is fully costumizable according to the client’s needs.
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Inspired by PMMT Team and achievements
The team PMMT Forward Thinking Healthcare Architecture is a team of architects with extensive experience in advanced healthcare architecture. We pay special attention to the bonds established between architecture, economy, universal accessibility and healthy environments, acquiring an important commitment to our clients and society. We have adopted a working standard that is developed between local needs and a networked world. Our work methodology is based on the transversality condition of the working process, with protocols arisen from the integration of industrial systems and its portability features.
At PMMT we promote creativity, innovation and research has essential tools for architecture optimization, progress and improvement. We strategically integrate all the involved players as an inherent part of the design process.
www.pmmtarq.com
linkedin.com/company/pmmt-arquitectura
@PMMT_ARQ
facebook.com/pmmtarquitectura/
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Achievements Healthcare Architecture • Hospitals built in 3 continents. • 25 years of experience in the healthcare sector with more than 2.500.000 m2 of designed buildings. • Private and public clients. • 26 awarded competitive bids over the last 10 years for both national and international competions.
I+D+i • 20% of our staff exclusively dedicated to research and innovation. • More than 10 research projects developed, with copyrights an own patents. • I+D+i collaborations with several companies and entities.
Consultancy • 3D functional plans. • Universal accessibility: Clear Code consultancy. • Consultancy on healthy workplace: Friendly Materials. • Healthcare networks and hospital masterplans.
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UIA FRIENDLY AND INCLUSIVE SPACES AWARD 2017, CON CLEAR CODE ARCHITECTURE
X BIENNAL ALEJANDRO DE LA SOTA MOSTRA D’ARQUITECTURA DE TARRAGONA 2017. MERCADO DE CREIXELL, ESPAÑA
PALMARES ARCHITECTURE ALUMINIUM TECHNAL, EDICIÓN 2015
PREMIOS BEYOND BUILDING BARCELONA CONSTRUMAT 2015. TR HOUSE. BARCELONA, ESPAÑA.
PREMIO FAD 2014 DE ARQUITECTURA INTERNACIONAL
PREMIO “ARCHDAILY BEST BUILDING OF THE WORLD” 2014
MOSTRA D’ARQUITECTURA INTERNACIONAL CATALANA. 1A EDIFICIÓ HOSPITAL EN PUYO, ECUADOR.
MOSTRA D’ARQUITECTURA INTERNACIONAL CATALANA. 2A EDIFICIÓ. TR-HOUSE, SPAIN.
EUROPAN 7
PREMIO DE ARQUITECTURA ESPAÑOLA INTERNACIONAL 2017, HOSPITAL DE MENONGUE, ANGOLA CSCAE
FRAGILE
Q 02 Mención
LM253 Barcelona
6 kg. 97x180x7cm. Fundació Mies van der Rohe Av. Marquès de Comillas, s/n Parc de Montjuïc 08038 Barcelona
PREMIO IX BIAU, BIENAL IBEROAMERICANA DE ARQUITECTURA Y URBANISMO, ROSARIO 2014.
PREMIOS EUROPAN 7. UNIDADES ECOLÓGICAS DE HIDRIDACIÓN DE USOS. CAN SOLÉ - BARCELONA (ESPAÑA)
PREMIOS ASCER, ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA DE FABRICANTES DE AZULEJOS Y PAVIMENTOS CERÁMICOS. FINALISTA. 2014. TR HOUSE. BARCELONA, ESPAÑA.
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WANT TO KNOW MORE? www.friendlymaterials.com PMMT BARCELONA _ C/PAMPLONA NÚM. 96-104, LOCAL 2 08018 BARCELONA T. (+34) 932 055 376 WWW.PMMTARQ.COM
PMMT MADRID _ SANTA CRUZ DE MARCENADO NÚM. 1, ESCALERA B, 4 IZQUIERDA 28015 MADRID T. (+34) 649 574 127 WWW.PMMTARQ.COM