Breast Cancer Online Campaign
#inktober_2020_is_pink
Table of Contents Definition of Breast Cancer .................................3 Breast Cancer Statistics .......................................5 Breast Cancer Risk Factors...................................7 Breast Cancer Signs and Symptoms....................9 Breast Cancer Self-examination..........................11 Breast Cancer early detection importance.........15
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ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي 4..................................................
إﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎت ﺣﻮل ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي 6....................................
ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي 8........................
ﻋﻼﻣﺎت وأﻋﺮاض ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي 10.................................
اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي 12................................... أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي 16........................
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Definition of Breast Cancer What is Breast Cancer, and how it forms? Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast. It's the second most common type overall, and the most common type among women. According to World Cancer Research Fund, there were over 2 million new cases worldwide in 2018. Breast cancer begins while some cells in breast begin to divide in a strange, fast, uncontrollable way, these cells begin to accumulate in a specific location making a lump called 'Tumor", which in turn begins to grow and spread. Cancer can spread in one or both breasts, it also can spread to another body parts like bones, liver and so on.
From when Breast Cancer begin? Most breast cancers begin in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple (ductal cancers). Some start in the glands that make breast milk (lobular cancers).
Formation of a lump in the breast is one of the symptoms of cancer, are all breast lumps malignant? It's important to know that most of masses form in breast are benign not malignant. But it's also important to know that some of benign breast lumps can increase woman's risk of getting breast cancer. Therefore, when a breast lump is present, it must be diagnoses to find out whether it is benign or malignant, if it turned out that its benign, it should be examined whether it may develop into a malignant tumor in the future or not.
Some people think that breast cancer affects women only, how true is this belief? Breast cancer affects men also, but it's rare, and the reason is due to the presence of breast tissues.
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ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ،وﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن؟ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻫﻮ إﺣﺪى وﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻧﻮاع اﻷورام اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺷﻴﻮﻋً ﺎ ﻛﻜﻞ، وأﻛﺜﺮ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن ﺷﻴﻮﻋً ﺎ ﻟﺪى اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ،ﻓﺤﺴﺐ إﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق
اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن ﻟﻌﺎم 2018ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 2ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺣﺎﻟﺔ
ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﺛﺪي ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ.
ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺪي اﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎم ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ،ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ وﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻓﺘﺒﺪأ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓ ُﺘ ﻜ ﱢﻮ ن ﻛﺘﻠﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ "اﻟﻮرم"،
واﻟﺬي ﺑﺪوره ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻤﻮ واﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎر ،وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻨﺘﺸﺮ اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن ً أﻳﻀ ﺎ أن ﻳﻨﺘﺸﺮ إﱃ أﺟﺰاء أﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﻦ أو ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ،وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ
ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻈﺎم واﻟﻜﺒﺪ ﻣﺜ ً ﻼ.
ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي؟ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺜﺪي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ إﱃ اﻟﺤﻠﻤﺔ.
وﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺪد اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ.
ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮات ﻋﲆ وﺟﻮد ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻹﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻬﺎ، ﻓﻬﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي؟ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﺟ ً ﺪ ا أن ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺪي ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﻤﻴﺪة
وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺧﺒﻴﺜﺔ )أي ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ( .ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﻴﺪة ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ إﺻﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺮأة ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ،ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ وﺟﻮد ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺪي ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻤﻴﺪة أم
ﺧﺒﻴﺜﺔ ،وإذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻤﻴﺪة ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻄﻮر إﱃ ورم ﺧﺒﻴﺚ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒ ً ﻼ أم ﻻ.
ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ أن ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻳﺼﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ،ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﺪى ﺻﺤﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد؟
ً أﻳﻀ ﺎ ،وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ أﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﺜﺪي ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ،وﻟﻜﻦ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻳﺼﻴﺐ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل
ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺎدر.
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Breast Cancer Statistics
Breast cancer is the most common cancer occurring in women, and the second most common cause of cancer-related death among women after lung cancer. Every year, over 2.1 million new cases are recorded. In 2018, Breast cancer-related
deaths
reached
627.0000,
representing about 15% of all cancer deaths among cancer.
According to the Ministry of Health in Palestine, breast cancer comes in the first place among other cancers occurring in females. Statistics done in 2018 points out that the total cancer incidence was 17.8% with a rate of 33.1 new cases per 100,000 females.
And according to American Cancer Society (ACS), 90% of people who receive a diagnosis of breast cancer will live for 5 years at least, including any type at any stage. And the survival rate for those who receive an early detection so the disease can be discovered in the early stages is 99%.
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إﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎت ﺣﻮل ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎت ّ أن ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻫﻮ أﻛﺜﺮ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻧﺘﺸﺎرا ً ﻟﺪى اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺳﻮاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ أو اﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ،وﻫﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺮﺋﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺐ ﻟﻠﻮﻓﺎة ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء. وﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎً ﺗُ ﻘ ّ ﺪ ر اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﻨﺤﻮ 1.2ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺣﺎﻟﺔ، وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 2018ﻛﺎن ﻋﺪد اﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﺑﺴﺒﺐ
ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻫﻮ 627.000اﻣﺮأة وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ 15
ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت ﺑﺴﺒﺐ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء.
وﺗﺸﻴﺮ وزارة اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﻴﻦ إﱃ أن ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻻوﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ
ﺗﺼﻴﺐ
اﻹﻧﺎث
ﻓﻲ
اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ،
وذﻟﻚ
ﺣﺴﺐ
اﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ,2018وﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎ 17.8
ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن وﺑﻤﻌﺪل ﺣﺪوث 33.1ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ 100.000ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺎث ،وﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺘﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺪول اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم واﻟﺪول
اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص.
وأﻳﻀﺎً وﺿﺤﺖ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ أن 90ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ
اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺤﺼﻠﻮن ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﺳﻴﻌﻴﺸﻮن ﻟﺨﻤﺲ ﺳﻨﻮات ﻋﲆ اﻷﻗﻞ ،وﻫﺬا ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ
أﻧﻮاع ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي وﻓﻲ أي ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻠﻪ ،وأﻳﻀﺎً
ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺸﻔﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮض ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ أول
ﻣﺮاﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﻞ إﱃ 99ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺌﺔ.
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Breast Cancer Risk Factors The exact cause of breast cancer is unclear, but there are factors that may affect your chances of getting breast cancer, but having one doesn't mean that you are guaranteed to get the disease. These factors can be divided into controllable and non-controllable:
Controllable Risk Factors Body weight: it is important to have a healthy diet and a regular exercise because obese people have higher risk to develop breast cancer. Breast implants: silicone breast implants make it harder to detect problems on regular mammograms Not to breastfeed: not breastfeeding may increase the risk of having breast cancer. Hormone treatments: using hormone-based prescription such as hormone replacement therapy for more than five years and taking certain types of birth control pills.
Non-controllable Risk Factors Age: studies show that after the age of 55 a majority of new breast cancer diagnoses come. Sex: being a women is a risk, although men get breast cancer but it is more common in women. Genetics: women who carry certain mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a higher chance of developing breast cancer. Also the chance increases if a person’s relative has or had breast cancer. Women who already had breast cancer: it is more likely for them to have it again than those who have no history of the disease. Reproductive factors: including having no children, having first child after 30, getting period before age 12 or entering menopause after age 55. Breast density: having dense breasts make a woman at higher risk of having breast cancer and also make it harder to see tumors during mammograms.
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ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي
اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻏﻴﺮ واﺿﺢ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا ،ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺆﺛﺮﻋﲆ ﻓﺮص
اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي .وﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻪ أن وﺟﻮد ﻋﺎﻣﻞ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮض .وﻳﻤﻜﻦ
ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ إﱃ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ وﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ
ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ
ﺪا ّ وزن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ :ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﺟ ً اﺗ ﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺎم ﻏﺬاﺋﻲ ﺻﺤﻲ وﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم ﻷن اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ً ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺪاﻧﺔ ﻫﻢ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي.
ﻏﺮﺳﺎت اﻟﺜﺪي :ﻏﺮﺳﺎت اﻟﺜﺪي اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮر اﻟﺜﺪي
اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ.
ﻋﺪم اﻹرﺿﺎع :إن ﻋﺪم اﻹرﺿﺎع ﻗﺪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي. اﻟﻌﻼﺟﺎت اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﻴﺔ :واﻟﺬي ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﺻﻔﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻌﻼج ﺑﺎﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت
اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺳﻨﻮات ،وﺗﻨﺎول أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺒﻮب ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ.
ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ :ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت أﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻦ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ واﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻦ ،ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﻻت ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي
اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة.
اﻟﺠﻨﺲ :ﻛﻮﻧﻚ اﻣﺮأة ﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺮ ،ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﻳﺼﺎﺑﻮن ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي إﻻ أﻧﻪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋً ﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ
اﻟﻨﺴﺎء.
ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ
اﻟﻮراﺛﺔ :اﻟﻨﺴﺎء اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ ﻳﺤﻤﻠﻦ ﻃﻔﺮات ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻴﻨﺎت ""BRCA1 & BRCA 2 ً أﻳﻀ ﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن إﺣﺪى أﻗﺮﺑﺎء اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺼﺎ ﺑًﺎ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي. ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺰداد اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ
اﻟﻨﺴﺎء اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي :ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ﻳﺼﺎﺑﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ
ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺮض.
ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻹﻧﺠﺎب :ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﺪم إﻧﺠﺎب اﻷﻃﻔﺎل أوإﻧﺠﺎب اﻟﻄﻔﻞ اﻷول ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻦ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﻦ ،واﻟﺪورة
اﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ أو دﺧﻮل ﺳﻦ اﻟﻴﺄس ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻦ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ واﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻦ.
ً إﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﻌﱢ ﺐ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺜﺪي :وﺟﻮد ﺛﺪي ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺮأة أﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ،
ﻣﻦ رؤﻳﺔ اﻷورام أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺜﺪي ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ.
8
Breast Cancer Signs and Symptoms Breast cancer can have different symptoms for different people, most don’t notice any sign at all. Breast cancer manifests itself in many ways: A lump in breast or underarm which is exist for a while: this is the most common symptom of breast cancer and it is often the first symptom, usually painless. Pain: Often, lumps don’t hurt but some of them cause prickly feeling.
Existent of flat or indented area on breast. Breast changes in size or shape.
Swelling in armpit or near collarbone: it may be start before feeling a lump. A marble-like area under skin feels unlike from any other part of either breast.
Inversion in nipple: Inverted nipples may be present at birth, but new nipple inversion is of concern. Unusual nipple discharge: either clear or bloody.
9
ﻋﻼﻣﺎت وأﻋﺮاض ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ أﻋﺮاض ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻵﺧﺮ وﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ أﻳﺎً ﻣﻨﻬﺎ.
وﻣﻦ أﺷﻬﺮ أﻋﺮاض ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي:
ﻇﻬﻮر أو اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺪي أو اﻹﺑﻂ ﻻ ﺗﺨﺘﻔﻲ: ﻫﻲ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرا ً ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻋﺮاض ،وﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ﺗﻜﻮن أوﻟﻬﻢ ﻇﻬﻮرا ً وﻣﻦ دون أﻟﻢ.
اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻢ :ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﺘﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻤﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ
ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي ﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺷﺎﺋﻚ أو وﺧﺰ.
ﻣﺴﻄ ﺢ أو ﻣﺴ ّﻨ ﻦ. ﻇﻬﻮر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﺪي ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ّ ﺗﻐﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ أو ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺜﺪي.
اﻧﺘﻔﺎخ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻹﺑﻂ أو ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﻋﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻮة ﻗﺪ ﻳﺒﺪأ
اﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎخ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ.
ﺗﺼﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺪي ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼف ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ.
ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺤﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻘﻠﻮﺑﺔ أو ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺳﺔ :ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺣﺎﻻت ﺑﺤﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﻘﻠﻮﺑﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﺆﺧﺮا ً ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺪﻋﻮ ﻟﻠﻘﻠﻖ. إﻓﺮازات ﺣﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺜﺪي ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺄﻟﻮﻓﺔ :ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﺎء
أو ﺻﺎﻓﻴﺔ.
10
Breast Cancer Self-examination Breast self-examination , or regularly examining your breasts on your own, can be an important way to find a breast cancer early, that increases the chance of successful treatment. The importance of breast self-examination is that every woman knows the nature of the shape and texture of her breast. If she feels a sudden and abnormal change, immediately she should go to the doctor. A self-examination should be done once a month, and the best time to do a self-exam is 3 to 5 days after your period ends. There are 5 steps to do a breast self-exam :
Begin by looking at your breasts in the mirror with your shoulders straight and your arms on your hips. Here's what you should look for: Breasts that are their usual size, shape, and color Breasts that are evenly shaped without visible distortion or swelling
If you see any of the following changes, bring them to your doctor's attention: Dimpling, puckering, or bulging of the skin A nipple that has changed position or an inverted nipple (pushed inward instead of sticking out) Redness, soreness, rash, or swelling
Now, raise your arms and look for the same changes.
While you're at the mirror, look for any signs of fluid coming out of one or both nipples (this could be a watery, milky, or yellow fluid or blood).
11
اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﺜﺪي وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﺮأة ﻋﲆ اﻻﻃﻤﺌﻨﺎن و ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻣﺒﻜﺮا اﻟﺬي ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻧﺠﺎح اﻟﻌﻼج و اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻪ ,ﻫﻮ أداة ﻣﺮﻳﺤﺔ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ وﻓﻲ أي
ﻋﻤﺮ .ﻧﻮﺻﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﺑﺈﺟﺮاء ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت ذاﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺜﺪي ﺑﺸﻜﻞ روﺗﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ إﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺘﻬﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن
اﻟﺜﺪي .
وﻧﺮى أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﺜﺪي ﻓﻲ أن ﺗﺘﻌﺮف ﻛﻞ ﺳﻴﺪة ﻋﲆ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺷﻜﻞ وﻣﻠﻤﺲ ﺛﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻻن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺜﺪي ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺪة ﻻﺧﺮى وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ إﻛﺘﺸﺎف أي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ او ﻣﻠﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺪي ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺬﻫﺎب إﱃ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ
وإﺳﺘﺸﺎرﺗﻪ ﻓﻮرا .
ﻗﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﻴﺪﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﺜﺪي ﻣﺮة ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎ و اﻓﻀﻞ وﻗﺖ ﻟﺘﻘﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎء اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﺑـ 3 ﻟـ 5أﻳﺎم ،ﻷن اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺜﻘﻞ اﻟﺜﺪي وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻼﺷﻰ
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻬﺎ .ﻫﻨﺎك 5ﺧﻄﻮات ﻟﻠﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺮأة ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺛﺪﻳﻬﺎ و اﻟﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻋﻦ اي ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺗﺼﻴﺒﻬﺎ :
ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻷوﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﱃ اﻟﺜﺪي ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﺮآة ،وﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﻔﻴﻦ
ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﻦ ،واﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ ،ﺛﻢ ﺗﺄﺧﺬي اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر: اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺷﻜﻞ ،وﺣﺠﻢ ،وﻟﻮن اﻟﺜﺪي وأﻧﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﻢ أو وﺿﻌﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎد.
اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺗﺸﻮه ﻣﺮﺋﻲ أو ﺗﻮرم.
وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ،ﻳُﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﺰﻳﺎرة اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ: اﻧﺘﻔﺎخ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ،ﺗﻮرﻣﻪ ،ﺗﺠﻌﺪه ،أو وﺟﻮد ﻏﻤﺎزات ﺑﻪ.
ﺗﻐﻴﺮ وﺿﻊ ﺣﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺜﺪي أو ﺗﻘﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻧﺪﻓﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎرج.
اﺣﻤﺮار اﻟﺜﺪي ،ﺗﻮرﻣﻪ ،أو ﻇﻬﻮر ﻃﻔﺢ ﺟﻠﺪي ،واﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻊ.
رﻓﻊ اﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻷﻋﲆ واﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ واﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ.
أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮآة ،ﻳُﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك أي ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺨﺮوج ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﻦ ،وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ،أو ﻟﺒﻦ ،أو ﺳﺎﺋﻞ
أﺻﻔﺮ اﻟﻠﻮن ،أو دم.
11
Next, feel your breasts while lying down, using your right hand to feel your left breast and then your left hand to feel your right breast.
Use a firm, smooth touch with the first few finger pads of your hand, keeping the fingers flat and together. Use a circular motion, about the size of a quarter. Cover the entire breast from top to bottom, side to side from your collarbone to the top of your abdomen, and from your armpit to your cleavage. Follow a pattern to be sure that you cover the whole breast. You can begin at the nipple, moving in larger and larger circles until you reach the outer edge of the breast. You can also move your fingers up and down vertically, in rows, as if you were mowing a lawn. This upand-down approach seems to work best for most women.
Finally, feel your breasts while you are standing or sitting. Many women find that the easiest way to feel their breasts is when their skin is wet and slippery, so they like to do this step in the shower.
Cover
your
entire
breast,
using
the
same
hand
movements described in step 4.
My lady , If you feel any unusual mass during the selfexamination, do not feel afraid, and go to the doctor to verify the cause, taking into account that not every mass indicates breast cancer.
13
اﻟﻨﻮم ﻋﲆ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ وﺗﺤﺴﺲ اﻟﺜﺪي ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ
ﻟﻠﺜﺪي اﻷﻳﺴﺮ ،واﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻴﺴﺮى ﻟﻠﺜﺪي اﻷﻳﻤﻦ.
اﺗﺒﺎع ﻟﻤﺴﺔ ﻧﺎﻋﻤﺔ ودﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﲆ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ داﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻴﺪ ،وﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ ﺗﺴﻄﺢ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ وﺗﻤﺎﺷﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻌً ﺎ.
ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺜﺪي ﻛﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻼه ﻷﺳﻔﻠﻪ ،واﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﺑﻄﻴﻦ واﺗﺒﺎع ﻧﻤﻂ ﺗﺘﺄﻛﺪي ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺪي ﻛﻠﻪ.
ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺒﺪء ﺑﺤﺮﻛﺔ داﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺜﺪي وﺗﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ً أﻳﻀﺎ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ إﱃ ﻓﻮق وﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻘﻲ ورأﺳﻲ ،وﻧﺠﺤﺖ ﻫﺬه ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﺪي .وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء.
ﺗﺤﺴﺲ اﻟﺜﺪي أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻠﻮس أو اﻻﺳﺘﺤﻤﺎم ،ﺣﻴﺚ وﺟﺪت
ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء أن اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻳﻜﻮن أﺳﻬﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻠﺪ
ﻣﺒﻠﻼ ،وﻳﺘﻢ اﺗﺒﺎع ﻧﻔﺲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ.
وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺄي ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻻ
ﺗﺸﻌﺮي ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻮف ،وﻻ ﺗﺘﺮددي ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ، ﻣﻊ اﻷﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر أﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ ﺗﺪل ﻋﲆ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي.
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Breast Cancer early detection importance Why regular breast cancer screening is so important? Breast cancer is sometimes found after symptoms appear, but many women with breast cancer have no symptoms, so the earlier breast cancer is found, the easier it is to treat, and that's because the breast cancer begins in the milk ducts, but when diagnosis is delayed the cancer spreads outside the breast through lymph vessels or blood vessels and then to the other organs like brain, liver, lungs. Thus, knowing the breast cancer size, its extent and its early detection is the first key in the treatment of breast cancer which increase the proportion of breast cancers identified at an early stage, allowing for more effective treatment to be used and reducing the risks of death from breast cancer.
There are steps you can take to detect breast cancer early when it is most treatable:
Mammography It is an x-ray imaging method used to examine the breast for the early detection of breast cancer, it is the best early detection method for reducing the number of deaths associated with breast cancer, It has been shown to reduce breast cancer mortality by approximately 20%, it is generally not undertaken in patients under 40 years of age (as age is the largest risk factor for breast cancer), however women older than 40 should have mammograms every two years. On the other side women with other risk factors such as a strong family history, gene anomalies or previous breast cancer may have mammograms at an earlier age or be monitored more closely.
Clinical Breast Exam (CBE) It is an examination of both breasts performed by a trained health professional, The woman will not normally have noticed any breast changes before the examination. The examination is focused on detecting changes to the breasts, such as skin changes, nipple discharge, or changes in size or shape, it is an effective method of early detection of breast cancer especially for women less than 40 years old, who do not have regular mammograms, clinical breast examination may be useful, In contrast to women who are over 40 years old where the clinical examination is a complement, not a substituent for mammography.
Breast self-examination (BSE) It is a technique which allows an individual to examine breast tissue for any physical or visual changes, It is often used as an early detection method for breast cancer, It should be done at least once each month beginning at age 18, anf If you notice anything unusual, tell your doctor, in many cases, those changes aren’t cancer, but you need to see your doctor to find out.
Early detection of breast cancer gives women a better chance to get better and get back to their normal lives, so you have to not neglect it and be sure to keep up the date step by step to have a safe life.
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أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻣﻬﻢ؟
ﻳﺘﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي أﺣﻴﺎﻧًﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻇﻬﻮر اﻷﻋﺮاض ،وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﺎت ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ أﻋﺮاض ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ،ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﺮض أﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻼﺟﻪ واﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أﺳﻬﻞ ،وذﻟﻚ ﻷن ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻳﺒﺪأ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻨﻮات اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺄﺧﺮ اﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ إﱃ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوﻳﺔ أو اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ إﱃ اﻻﻋﻀﺎء اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ واﻟﻜﺒﺪ واﻟﺮﺋﺔ ،وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي وﻣﺪى اﻧﺘﺸﺎره واﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻷول ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ،اﻟﺬي ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺜﺪي اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻼج أﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﻮﻓﺎة.
ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﺪة ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺗﺨﺎذﻫﺎ ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻣﺒﻜ ًﺮ ا ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻼج:
اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ )اﻟﻤﺎﻣﻮﺟﺮام(
وﻫﻮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺜﺪي ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺜﺪي ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ،وﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ،ﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ أﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ،%20وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﺠﻤﻪ ﺻﻐﻴ ًﺮا وﺳﻬﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ دون ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺜﺪي ،ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺟﺮاؤه ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻞ أﻋﻤﺎرﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ 40ﻋﺎﻣً ﺎ ) ﺣﻴﺚ أن اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻫﻮ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي( وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻨﺼﺢ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء اﻋﺘﺒﺎ ًرا ﻣﻦ ﺳﻦ ال 40ﺑﺈﺟﺮاء اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻴﻦ )ورﺑﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ذﻟﻚ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺧﻄﺮ أﺧﺮى ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي أو ﺗﺸﻮﻫﺎت ﺟﻴﻨﻴﺔ أو ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﺛﺪي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ(.
اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮي ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ
ﻫﻮ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻛﻼ اﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺺ ،اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﲆ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻚ ﻓﻲ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﻚ وﻣﺪى ﺻﺤﺘﻬﺎ ،ﻋﺎدة ﻻ ﺗﻼﺣﻆ اﻟﻤﺮأة أي ﺗﻐﻴﺮات ﻳﻔﻲ ﺛﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ، ﻳﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻋﲆ اﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﻦ ،ﻛﺘﻐﻴﺮات ﺟﻠﺪﻳﺔ أو ﺗﻐﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ أو ً ﻓﻌﺎﻻ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ،اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮي ﻟﻠﺜﺪي ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺴﺎء اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ إﺻﺎﺑﺘﻬﻦ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ واﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﻦ ﻋﻦ 40ﻋﺎﻣً ﺎ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺈﺟﺮاء اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻬﻦ ،أﻣﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ أﻋﻤﺎرﻫﻦ ﻋﻦ 40ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ً ً ﺑﺪﻳﻼ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻣﻮﺟﺮام. ﻣﻜﻤﻼ وﻟﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮي
اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ اﻟﺸﻬﺮي
ً ﺑﺤﺜﺎ ﻋﻦ أي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺟﺴﺪﻳﺔ أو ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻓﺤﺺ دوري ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻔﺮد ﺑﻜﺸﻒ أﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﺜﺪي وﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻠﻤﺲ واﻟﻨﻈﺮ ،وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي وﻳﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﺈﺟﺮاﺋﻪ ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﺪ ًءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ال 18ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﻮق ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ أو اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ ،وﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ إذا ﻻﺣﻈﺖ أي ﺷﻲء ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدي أﺧﺒﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻚ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻﺣﻈﺖ ،ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻚ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ذﻟﻚ.
اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪي ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪك ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﻮدة اﱃ
ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻋﺪم اﻫﻤﺎﻟﻪ واﻟﺤﺮص ﻋﲆ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺧﻄﻮة ﺑﺨﻄﻮة ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ،ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺠﻲ ِ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﺣﻴﺎة آﻣﻨﺔ.
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The Small Working Group (SWG) Noor AlWhaidi
Baraa Alhendawi
Feras Zaqout
Manar Al Khodari
Yara Abushab
Rawan El-ijla
Amal AbuSultan
Nagham Mezied
Aseel Nawas
Yara Ashour
Ibrahim Abu Elaish
Farah Miqdad
Huda A. Alwadeya
Aleen Abu Nahla
ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻮر اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪي ﻓﺮاس زﻗﻮت
ﺑﺮاء اﻟﻬﻨﺪاوي ﻣﻨﺎر اﻟﺨﻀﺮي
ﻳﺎرا أﺑﻮ ﺷﺎب
روان اﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ
أﻣﻞ أﺑﻮ ﺳﻠﻄﺎن
ﻧﻐﻢ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ
أﺳﻴﻞ ﻧﻮاس
ﻳﺎرا ﻋﺎﺷﻮر
إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﻴﺶ
ﻓﺮح ﻣﻘﺪاد
ﻫﺪى اﻟﻮادﻳﻪ
أﻟﻴﻦ أﺑﻮ ﻧﺤﻠﺔ
Breast Cancer Online Campaign To the powerful, beautiful, and courageous half of the society, thank you for light and beauty you add to this world day after day. Please, always remember that an early detection of breast cancer can save your lives, and spare the tears and heartbreak of your loved ones. We hope that with the information presented in this booklet, we have provided the basics to help you stay healthy and aware enough to know when to seek help or consult a doctor. Your lives mean a lot to us! ٌ ّ ﺣﻴﺎة أﻧﺘﻦ ﻟﻨﺎ ،إﱃ اﻟﻘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺎت ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎت اﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ و اﻟﺠﻤﺎل ً ﻓﺸﻜﺮا،و أﻣﻞ ّ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن.ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ أﻧﺘﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻠُﻨﺎ.ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ و ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﻢ ﻷﺣﺒﺎﺑﻚ اﻟﺜﺪي ﻗﺎدر ﻋﲆ إﻧﻘﺎذ ِ أﻣﻞ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﻜ ُﺘ ّﻴ ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻬﺎ أن
ﺻﺤﺘﻚ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪك ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ ِ ِ ً ﻚ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﻟﻨﺎ أﻣ ﻼ و ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﺎ ِ ُ ﺣﻴﺎﺗ.اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة أو اﺳﺘﺸﺎرة اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ
.اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ
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