SafetyFirst
Research & Development Project on Firearm Safety Devices
SafetyFirst
Research & Development Project on Firearm Safety Devices
Paul Navasca spring 2013
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Descriptors • • • • •
Firearm Safety Lock Enhance Preserve
Abstract The following is a research and development project on firearm safety devices. The author researched ways to enhance firearm safety while also giving the firearm owner an ease of access when in times of need.
Chapter 1 : Introduction to the Problem 1.1 Chapter introduction 1.2 Problem statement 1.3 purpose of study 1.4 significance of study 1.5 assumptions 1.6 definitions of terms 1.7 parameters of the problem 1.8 hypothesis 1.9 research methodology 1.10 summary
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Chapter 2: Review of the research methods 2.1 Introduction 2.2 library/internet 2.3 panel of experts 2.4 pert chart 2.5 timeline 2.6 surveys 2.7 field experience 2.8 summary
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Chapter 3: Method of procedure 3.1 introduction to chapter three 3.2 problem and purpose statement 3.3 significance 3.4 parameters of the design 3.5 importance of the design 3.6 development procedure
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CONTENTS 3.7 observation 3.8 inspiration 3.9 ideation 3.10 sketches 3.11 part drawings 3.12 materials 3.13 summary
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Chapter 4: Conclusions and solutions 4.1 introduction 4.2 problem and purpose statement 4.3 hypothesis 4.4 proposed solution 4.5 summary
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Appendix A: Panel of experts Appendix B: Personas Appendix C: Works Cited
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1.0 an introduction to the
PROblem 7
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1.1 Introduction It is the law that all firearms must be kept locked in households. However, 30% of firearms are kept unlocked in homes increasing the risk of accidental or unwarranted discharge in or outside of the home. One of the reasons firearms are kept unlocked is due to the owner’s lack of confidence in being able to unlock and have access to their firearm if they feel they are endangered. Being under pressure it what may seem like a life or death situation is very nerve racking in which even trained officers lack confidence in being able to achieve smooth and easy access to their firearm. While there are safes which allow for quick access via fingerprint readers, there has been many consumer reports showing that these safes are not up to par when it comes to ensuring that the firearm is locked and safe from being used or taken by someone other than the owner. This is a research and development project to look into the field of firearm safety devices with the intent to develop a product which gives the owner quick access to their firearm. This will increase their confidence in being able to retrieve their handgun while also adding increased safety from others when the firearm is not in use.
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1.2 Problem Statement While firearm safety devices are intended to keep the firearm from being discharged or misused by anyone other than the owner, the intention of limiting access is also its primary inhibitor to making the user feel safe.
1.3 Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study was to discover ways to enhance and preserve gun safety while allowing easier and reliable access to the owner in times of need.
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1.4 Significance of the Study This study was initiated to bring an added safety in households which firearms were present. The proposed solution was intended to not only provide a sense of safety for the owner, but safety for those in the household itself as the firearm would not be accessible to children or others in which the ownder does not want access to his or her firearm. The solution had also given the owner confidence in the way that owner would have an ease of access to the firearm in times of need and would also give the sense of security knowing that when the firearm was not needed, it would be securely locked and safe from accidental or unwanted discharge.
1.5 Assumptions There was a need for a firearm safety device that enhanced and preserved firearm safety which also gave the owner easier and reliable access in their times of need. This would reduce the number of firearm which were kept unlocked in households by owners who felt a lack of confidence in having access to their firearm if kept locked. There had been plenty of firearm safety devices on the market, many of which had flaws which were only brought to surface from the consumer usage
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1.6 Terms Biometic Safe - biometric safes or locks are locks which require the fingerprint to unlock the device. Cable Lock - a type of lock which is a steel cable and is fed through the handle and slide to lock the firearm and connected into a padlock. Chamber - the area inside the slide which the bullet is held until fired or released Delrin - an engineering thermoplastic used in precision parts requiring high stiffness, low friction and excellent dimensional stability Everyday Carry - A firearm which is carried on the body of the user on a normal basis. This term is usually used to refer to a civilian firearm or an off duty officer’s firearm. Firing Pin - similar to the hammer, but is enclosed inside the firearm Grips - the handle of the firearm Hammer - the part of the firearm that when the trigger is pulled back, is released and hits the primer Injection Mold - a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting material into a mold. Injection molding can be performed with a host of materials, including metals, glasses, elastomers, confections, and most commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers
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Magazine - The part of the firearm which carries the bullets and is slid into the handle of the firearm Marring - Impair the appearance Neoprene - a synthetic rubber which exhibits good chemical stability, and maintains flexibility over a wide temperature range Polymer - a durable plastic used in most nonmetal handguns Primer - the part of the shell casing which cause the gunpowder to ignite and fire the bullet Shell Casing - where the bullet itself is held. The shell casing is usually released after the bullet is fired. Slide - the part of the firearm which when slid back to allow a bullet to enter the chamber Trigger Lock - trigger locks are locks which encloses the trigger to prevent the trigger to be pulled back.
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1.7 Parameters of the Problem The problem is solely on firearm safety devices. This would be targeted towards the demographics of adults 21 and over, which is the legal age for California residents to purchase/own a handgun.
1.8 Parameters of the Design The product will be no larger than the size of two full size firearms. The size of two firearms would allow, if needed, the firearm to be stored inside a container. The product would be constructed of steel. It would be ideal to have most if not the whole housing of the product to be constructed out of a minimum amount of parts to reduce the chance of the device to be taken apart while being used.
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1.8 Hypothesis There is a need for a device which does not rely on electric components to open, as electric components are subject to malfunction and/or easy by-pass which also does not rely on using actual keys to unlock the device to prevent the event of lost or fumbling keys by the owner.
1.9 Research Methodology 1. Market Research 2. Consumer Reports 3. Case studies on Biometric Safes 4. Product reviews 5. Interview with San Francisco Police Officer 6. Interview with Locksmith 7. Interview with Design and Materials expert 8. Literature research on books involving gun safety 9. California Department of Justice firearm laws
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1.10 Summary The purpose of this study was to discover ways to enhance and preserve gun safety while allowing easier and reliable access to the owner in times of need. This product will increase safety for all in the household in which a firearm is present. The product would be that of which would increase confidence in both civilians and trained police officers to rely on to increase and preserve safe practices with the storing of their handgun(s).
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2.0 review of the
research methods
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2.1 Introduction This chapter will present the methods which the researcher implemented to attain information. Research was narrowed down to that of the firearm safety locks currently on the market through internet and literature research. Research was also conducted to attain information on different locking devices and the way the locks operate. Interviews and surveys were also conducted to get a person’s first-hand experience and knowledge on the different aspects of the research and development.
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2.2 Review of Literature As far as looking for material about firearm locks and/ or safes, the researcher was not able to find any. While there were books on firearm usage and basic information, there was very little on actual ways to lock firearms away with the intention of safety. Many of the books on firearms leaned a toward the side of preventing the theft of the firearm itself or ways to organize multiple firearms in a household. However, the researcher was still able to get a grasp on which devices have been proven to work over the years and what changes were made to improve the already existing product. The researcher had also looked into several books on locksmithing. Much more information was able to be found in these books. The researcher was able to look into various different types of locking devices and what parts were involved in order for the locks to be successful. A look into the area of picking locks was also introduced in the books which the researcher was able to explore different ways which this could be prevented. While looking into the locksmithing books, the researcher discovered an older, reliable lock, the Simplex lock. These locks operate like a numerical keypad, but without the need of electrical devices to make them work. Being that the consumers had stated the need and liking towards locks which did not need electricity to unlock, the researcher decided to look further into these locks in the internet research phase.
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2.2 Internet Research The researcher found plenty of information from the internet. There were many consumer reports and case studies on the safety devices which were already on the market. Aside from the large safes, almost all other devices had some sort of flaw which could have been further developed or improved. Most importantly, the researcher was able to find a study on one of the newer and most technologically advanced devices in the market at the that time, the biometric safe. Biometric safes require the correct fingerprint to be scanned in order to unlock the safe. One of the major problems with these safes were the ease of breaking into and bypassing the biometric locks and in the videos presented along with the articles, children being able to open the safe. While doing research on the internet, the researcher had also found videos in which children were able to open biometric safes. While they were not purposely trying to break in, the accidental bumps and bypassing showed that with little to no effort, these locks could easily be bypassed. While trigger locks have been the favorite in making the user feel like he or she has the easiest access to their firearm, there had been cases in which the existing trigger locks no longer fit the newer firearms. This was due to a change in the design of the triggers in newer firearms in which the locks no longer fit correctly, leaving the trigger able to be pulled with the lock still on. The researcher had also continued the research on the Simplex locks which he was able to find out different ways that the locks work as well as the number of combinations possible depending on the number of numerical options on the lock.
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2.3 Panel of Experts Officer Jason Kirchner Officer Jason Kirchner is a Rangemaster at the San Francisco Police Department’s shooting range. During the interview with Officer Kirchner, who uses a safe with a numerical keypad, stated that the cable lock is the most commonly used firearm safety device, as these locks are usually supplied by the firearm manufacturer or the firearm shop during the purchase of any firearm. What he felt was the most uncommonly used was the biometric lock. He had never seen or heard of anyone using that type. When asked if he felt confident in unlocking his firearm when in danger he responded “You mean if I was in a situation when there was an intruder and I would have to unlock and load my gun? No, I would not.” He also stated that civilians would and should feel even less confident as they have had a lot less training or overall experience in general. While he was a field officer, he had stated that it was more common to find illegal firearms unlocked in houses, he did come across legal firearms which were unlocked, which the owners were subject to arrest.
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Michael Sink Michael Sink at Daly City Locksmiths was contacted as an expert to give the researcher insight to the way certain safes and locks are manufactured and what goals each have. Michael explained that while all locks and safes have the common characteristic to lock things up, some have a higher interest or goal to achieve which can and will take away from others. Fire protection, burglary, and high security all bring different aspects that affect one another when manufacturing safes and locks for consumer or home use. Michael had also gone over the different rating systems for the locks and safes, which are the GSA and UL ratings, and what the difference is between the two and also what they focus on. Michael was also able to discuss with the researcher which locks he knew of which he felt were more successful and reliable than others as well as which he felt were not completely as reliable or safe as they are intended or believed to be. While Michael was not able to give all information on how locks operate, due to liability issues, he was able to point the researcher in a direction to get indepth information on the functinality and ratings of certain locks.
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2.3 Panel of Experts (cont’d.) Silvan Linn Silvan Linn was contacted as a consultant on the use of materials and manufacturing possibilities of the prototype. During this interview, sketches and concepts had been presented and the researcher and expert were able to discuss ways in which the proposed idea may be achieved. Tips and suggestions to make the device safer and more assuring were also discussed. When discussing materials, Silvan Linn was able to present the researcher with many various materials which would be practical to use in terms of durability and achieving a low cost of the final product. Delrin, Glass Filled Nylon, Polymer, and high carbon steel were the materials which were found to be the best fit for the product. Lining the device with materials to prevent cosmetic damage to the firearm was also a priority. Not necessarily of one for safety, but may take away that deterring factor to use the device due to the possibility of blemishing the firearm. The expert had also mentioned that aside from designing a safety device to keep locked, there is also the aspect of the safety devices being drilled and broken off. After further discussion, the expert and researcher had come to conclusion that the amount of effort as well as tools needed to do so. Aside from all the great information given, Silvan had also suggested many different ways in which the prototype could be built in order to have an actual physical model, one being 3D printing, which would seem like the ideal process in modeling such a complex item.
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2.4 PERT Chart The PERT chart is a tool that is used to display the research and development process and what is needed in order to complete each step. The PERT chart was divided into four categories, research, midterm, prototype, and final. Under each of the categories is a set of sub categories which go into details of what is to be done in order to fulfill that of the four main categories
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30 3/28 - Spring Break
3/26 - Spring Break
3/21 - Individual Research Time
3/19 - “Semester Research Report Format
3/14 - Mid-Term Presentation
3/12 - Mid-Term Presentation
3/7 - Individual student appointments
3/5 - Individual student appointments
2/28 - Individual Research Time
2/26 - Individual Research Time
2/21 - Mid-Term Presentation format PERT Chart, Hypothesis & Assumptions
2/19 - Library Research with Darlene Tong - LIB 284
2/14 - Surveys, Questionnaires, and Timelines
2/12 - Collaboratory Problem & Purpose Statement Review
2/7 - Library Problem & Purpose Statement Review
2/5 - Collaboratory Problem & Purpose Statment Review
1/31 - Formulating the Problem Statement
2.5 Timeline
The timeline was developed in order to create a visual to display the schedule of the research and development of the proposed solution. The timeline is broken into each class day with a brief explanation of the scheduled task or process to accomplish.
Spring 2013
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5/21 - Final Written Research Proposal Due
5/14 - Final Presentations in Class including Prototypes Models & Mock-Ups
5/9 - Final Presentations in Class including Prototypes Models & Mock-Ups
5/7- Optional Attendance Day Q&A for Final Presentation
5/2- Prototype/Mock-Up Development Time
4/30 - Chapter 3 Review
4/25 - Discussion of Final Presentation and Sign-Up for Final Presentation
4/23 - Prototype/Mock-Up Development Time
4/18 - Prototype/Mock-Up Development Time
4/16 - Chapter 2 Review
4/11- Prototype/Mock-Up Development Time
4/9 - Prototype/Mock-Up Development Time
4/4 - Prototype/Mock-Up Development Time
4/2 - Chapter 1 Review
3/28 - Spring Break
3/26 - Spring Break
3/21 - Individual Research Time
2.6 Surveys Surveys were conducted to the general population of firearm owners. Questions in the survey involved topics such as confidence in unlocking firearms under pressure, what types of firearm locks were currently owned, and whether or not minors were present in the household which firearms were kept were asked. The survey was multiple-choice and was distributed and targeted to those who were currently firearm owners.
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2.7 Field Research During the early stages of the research, the researcher took it upon himself to go and try to unlock a firearm, which was locked with a cable lock, in a rushed/pressured scenario to get a first-hand feel at the situation. While it was not exactly the same pressure as the issue stated, the researcher did find difficulty, primarily in the cable lock. The cable which was inserted into the lock would get stuck and would take some tries to release the cable from the lock. Once unlocked, there was still the matter of inserting the magazine which would have to be placed down in order to unlock the firearm in the first place.
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2.8 Summary This chapter gives an insight into what methods the researcher had conducted not only get information for the development of the product, but to also get a better understanding of the situation in which the products would be used. There had been interviews conducted, internet research involving consumer reports and articles, a look into the world of locks and the counter of picking locks, and last but not least, the experience in unlocking and loading a firearm under pressure.
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3.0 methods of
PROCEDURE
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3.1 Introduction This section will go into detail of the researcher’s procedures during the development process of the product. The sketches, 3D models, prototypes, as well as refined parameters will be presented to tell the story of how the researcher came to the proposed final solution.
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3.2 Problem Statement While gun safety devices are intended to keep the firearm from being discharged or misused by anyone other than the owner, the intention of limiting access is also its primary inhibitor to making the user feel safe.
3.2 Purpose Statement The purpose of this study was to discover ways to enhance and preserve gun safety while allowing easier and reliable access to the owner in times of need.
3.3 Siginificance of the Study The importance of this design study was to bring an added safety aspect in households of firearm owners. The solution proposed has not only provided a sense of safety of the owner, but safety for others living in the household. The product has deterred the misuse of children or any other for that matter which the owner has not granted permission for use of the firearm(s) in which the safety device was used. The safety device has not only given the owner a sense of confidence in the event of proposed danger and a sense of security knowing that when the firearm is not needed, it was securely locked and safe from accidental or unwanted discharge.
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3.4 Parameters of The Design After doing further research, the researcher found a trend in which owners had said the style of lock, similar to that of the trigger lock, was the one which gave a good balance of a sense of security as well as being able to arm themselves in times of need. The parameters had then been refined as follows: •
Able to be used on all triggers
• Minimal to no electric parts Keyless non-electric access • To be used ON the handgun not to be locked in a safe or box •
Polymer and steel construction
• No modifications to the firearm itself will be needed • Able to unlock firearm in the dark Can be unlocked based on touch sense •
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Neutralizes trigger to a state of non-movement
3.5 Importance of Hypothesis The hypothesis was able to push the researcher in a direction of the functionality and rough sizing of the product. From the hypothesis, the researcher was able to weed out certain types of locking and unlocking mechanisms that the existing consumers had expressed disbelief, un-trust, or problems with in the past. The researcher had also been able to seek out mechanisms that would best fit the criteria which were needed in the market. Most importantly, the hypothesis lead the researcher towards developing a tangible product and not a visual campaign towards the use of firearm safety devices. This was greatly important as the scheduling and deadlines of work to be completed would change drastically as the amount of time to create prototypes would vary greatly.
3.6 Development Procedure • • • • • •
Research Inspiration Interviews Online Survey Ideations Prototype
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3.7 Observation Before any ideation was to begin, the researcher needed to take a look at what was already on the market as far as firearm safety devices and other current locks which may be considered appropriate based on the results of consumer reports, research, and surveys to be conducted. the folliwing firearm safety devices and locks were considered relevant to observe.
1.0 Trigger locks. Many do not fit new firearms and leave the trigger to be liable to accidental discharge
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1.1 Keyless door lock
1.2 Simplex 9000 keyless lock
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3.8 Inspiration The researcher was inspired by various different elements. Many of which all revolved around the element of customizability. This was not in the sense that the safety device was to be custom made for the needed firearm, but in a sense that when applied, each firearm, despite the size or design, would be secured as if it was specially made for that. From the research, one of the main problems was that certain locks or safety devices would not fit certain firearms based on the design of the firearm. This would leave the firearm still subject to accidental or unwanted discharge from the owner due to an unfitting or unproperly used device. Handcuffs was one of the design drivers. With handcuffs, the ratchet locks which adjust based on the size of the wristt. The GatorGrip and pin toys also allow for a secure, “custom� fit as pins are pushed by the elements of trigger.
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3.9 Ideation After observing what was currently on the market, the researcher was able to being ideating ideas. The researcher pulled key elements which would satisfy the needs based on the information given in articles as well as consumer reports/reviews from pre-existing firearm locks and safety devices. The first step would be that to sketch ideas. Sketching ideas would give the researcher a free canvas to create shapes and work loosely. Playing with the possible placement and usage of mechanisms as well as overall shape was very important to be able to get a good grasp and selection to present to the design expert. These preliminary sketches will lead to refinements and eventually lead to 3D prototypes and physical models.
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3.10 Sketches
SKETCHES TO BE PLACED HERE
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3.11 Part Drawings • Part A 0.225
0.551
2.501
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0.118 1.140
1.98°
0.049 0.05 2
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0.039
07
0.
ITEM NO. PART NUMBER trigger lock- part a 1 2
DESCRIPTION
QTY. 1
3.11 Part Drawings • Part B
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4
1.
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1.2
02
0.303
1.
0.736 0.197
0.474
94
0.3
1.063
1.98°
1.703
1.304
2.501
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3.12 Materials Materials were chosen after speaking to expert, Silvan Linn. These materials were chosen based around the idea of keeing the cost low for consumers while also being able to put out a durable product which will have a long life with the user.
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Steel Steel was chosen from its strong and inexpensive characteristic. Cold rolled steel, while it is more expensive the hot rolled steel, is alot stronger and would be more durable in use. In comparison to other inexpensive metals, steel would also be alot stronger compared to others such as aluminum which is a softer metal and would be easier to damage.
Polymer Polymer is a type of plastic which is also used on Glock handguns. This was chosen based off the proven durability in the use by Glock and now, many other handgun manufacturers. Polymer plastics are also able to be produced in clear or frosted finishes which was recommended by the expert to be able to show the user the pins which are in use and where they are distributed.
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3.13 Summary This chapter went into depth the procedures which the researcher conducted towards developing the product. The observations, inspirations, ideations, and drivers all aided in the overall development, incorporating all aspects which the researcher found was needed in the market. The material usage was also important as it would make the prototypes sound when identifying the working parts of the device.
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4.0 solutions &
conclusions
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4.1 Introduction A solution has now been proposed to that of the problem. At the beginning of the research phase, the possible solutions were endless and unseen. After research, speaking with experts, reading consumer reports, and even doing from field action his self, the researcher was able to get a strong grasp off the workings of the firearm safety device and was able to develop an object with the target market’s best interest.
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4.2 Problem Statement While gun safety devices are intended to keep the firearm from being discharged or misused by anyone other than the owner, the intention of limiting access is also its primary inhibitor to making the user feel safe.
4.2 Purpose Statement The purpose of this study was to discover ways to enhance and preserve gun safety while allowing easier and reliable access to the owner in times of need.
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4.3 Hypothesis There is a need for a device which does not rely on electric components to open, as electric components are subject to malfunction and/or easy by-pass which also does not rely on using actual keys to unlock the device to prevent the event of lost or fumbling keys by the owner.
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4.4 Proposed Solution The proposed solution combined those requests and observations which was brought to attention. The solution uses an non-electric locking mechanism to avoid possible electic failure and easy bypassing as desmonstrated in many biometric type locks. The Simplex style lock would allow the user to avoid having to use keys which would subject to be fumbled or even lost leaving the owner no way of getting to his or her firearm as a whole. The buttons on the lock, which would be illuminated numbers, would allow the user to be able to see and feel the numbers press down to unlock if ever needed in the dark. Use of the handcuff style ratchet locking posts allow the user to be able to place the device on any size handgun. Being able to adjust the distance of the two pieces would allow maximum usability to all handguns, old and new. Spring loaded pins would be the greatest asset of this product. These pins would hold the trigger in a state which it would not be able to be pulled, which was an issue in existing trigger locks. Altogether, the solution would bring that of enhanced security as well as a quick and easy method of unlocking the firearm.
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SafetyPins
A Firearm Safety Device to Enhance Security and Confidence
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SafetyPins
A Firearm Safety Device to Enhance Security and Confidence
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SafetyPins
A Firearm Safety Device to Enhance Security and Confidence
SafetyPins 63
A Firearm Safety Device to Enhance Security and Confidence
4.5 Summary The research and development process was able to show the evolution of of what was a problem with an unseen solution, to that of one with a solution tailored to that of the needs of current firearm owners. The research methods such as internet and literature research, surveys, expert interviews, as well as field experience studies gave the researcher and indepth view of this world which is currently a hot topic in society from all the tragic events. The researcher was able to take the needs and flaws of the users and the current devices and develop ideas, which would eventually become sketches. These sketches would evolve as well to a detailed 3D model using the SolidWorks program.
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Appendix A
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4.6 Panel of Experts Officer Jason Kirchner (415)587-0486 San Francisco Police Department San Francisco , CA Michael Sink (650)992-2451 Daly City Lock & Security www.dalycitylock.net Daly City, CA Silvan Linn (415) 338-7984 silvan@sfsu.edu Rapid Prototyping Lab Coordinator, Assistant Professor San Francisco State University San Francisco, CA
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Transcript from Interview with Officer Jason Kirchner What do you feel is the most commonly used firearm safety device? Which is uncommon? Why? Looping pad lock, padlockwiht cable attached, comes with models, renders safe and unfirable,, revolvers Cable locks are pretty universal, able to render it safe and unifirable. Whether it is a revolver or any type ofsemi-automatic pistol Which do you feel is the most uncommon use of firearm safety devices? Biometric (uncommon) – never seen or heard of used cost prohibited Takes print, and only allows the person who gives the print to use the gun As being a trained officer, do you feel confident in unlocking a firearm when you feel in danger (ie: in house or any type of situation when firearm is locked)? You mean if I was in a situation when there was an intruder and I would have to unlock and load my gun? No I would not. Do you feel civilians feel the same? Why or why not? Civilians feel more less confident, a lot less training or experience in general with the exception of “Olympic” shooters. Is it common for firearm owners to keep it unlocked? Why? Small safes may be easier to use other then cable lock Faster way of getting access to law enforcement or civilian. Because of issues, would cause firearm owners unlocked in household? There will be some people, to keep locked and safe from children, despite it may slow them down. Certainly people who are going to ignore any type of lock and go with an unlocked gun and may put on a shelf which they will think it is out of reach. Which firearm safety device(s) do you use? Safes with keypad, best design that’s popular and affordable While working the field, how common was it to find legal firearms in households which were not locked? Yes, more common to find illegal firearms unlocked, but I did come across legal. Which those owners were subject to arrest.
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Appendix b
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4.7 Personas These personas were developed in the early research stage to give the researcher a better feel of how important of a role the proposed solution may have on users.
Chief Keith Cozart
Chief of Police, San Francisco Police Department Type of firearm safety: key operated safe Father of 3 kids, ages 12, 15, 20 Firearm enthusiast, frequents Jackson Arms Shooting Range
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6:00 AM – dresses for work, places on-duty firearm in holster, grabs EDC and rifle to use after work at Jackson Arms Shooting Range 7:00 AM – arrives at SFPD Northern Station 8:00 AM – Briefs officers 12:00 PM – arrives at scene to assist officers with minors in possession of firearms 2:00 PM – returns to station to clock out 3:00 PM – Jackson Arms shooting range to shoot on-duty handgun, personal EDC (everyday carry), and rifle 5:00 PM – Arrives home, locks up all firearms except EDC (placed in personal holster) 6:00 PM – helps children with homework 9:45 PM – does not lock up EDC handgun for easier/quicker access, placed on nightstand.
Frederick Santana
Bullied at school—refuses to tell school or mother about bullying Knows of mother’s handgun in household
7:45 AM – Frederick takes the bus to Westmoor High School 8:00 AM - Frederick is picked on by group Seniors before classes start 12:00PM – Lunch break, exchanges words with seniors in hallway 2:45PM – School is out, vents built up anger towards Seniors to friends 4:00PM – Frederick arrives home via SamTrans 4:15PM – Checks for mother’s handgun, locked in safe. 4:30PM – looks online ways to break into safe 5:30PM – after trying methods, breaks into safe leading to a broken safe 5:45PM – places gun back in safe before mother arrives home 6:30PM – discusses day with Mother, says everything is fine. 7:45PM – Goes to room to do homework, looks up videos how to load/operate firearm
Lillian Reese
Single mother. Lives in house with son Frederick Santana. Owns handgun for home defense and light recreation use at shooting range.
6:00AM—gets ready for work 6:30AM—places gun back in safe 6:45AM—wakes up her son Frederick 7:30AM—arrives at Kaiser Permanente for work 12:00PM—Lunch break, texts Frederick to ask what he wants for dinner, no response 12:15PM—Makes plans to take co-workers to local shooting range over the weekend 4:30PM—Calls Frederick to see if he is okay, says he is home 6:00PM—arrives home and changes out of work clothes 6:05PM—checks firearm in safe, nothing is wrong. Slight trouble, fingerprint not read at first tries 6:30PM—Asks Frederick how school was over dinner, convinced everything is fine
Familiar with firearms, taught by father on usage and storage Type of firearm safety: Biometric safe
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Appendix C
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4.8 Works Cited Acetal, Delrin, properties Data Sheet. (n.d.). Acetal, Delrin, Properties Data Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.plastic-products.com/spec.htm Bellesiles, M. A. (2000). Arming America: The origins of a national gun culture. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Dail, V. (2011). Guide To Buying A Biometric lock And Biometric Safe Devices! Buying A Biometric Lock. Retrieved from http://www.biometric-security-devices.com/biometriclock.html DuPont Delrin - Plastics, Polymers and Resins. (n.d.). ] DuPont™ Delrin® - Plastics, Polymers, and Resins - DuPont. Retrieved May 4, 2013, from http://plastics.dupont.com/ plastics/pdflit/americas/delrin/DELRIN_Prod_Prop_11_06.pdf Go Keyless. (n.d.). General Services Administration. Retrieved May 7, 2013, from https://www.gsaadvantage.gov/ref_text/GS07F0016W/0I970V.26RL1J_GS-07F0016W_GOKEYLESS.PDF Gun Control (Opposing Viewpoints Series) [Hardcover]. (n.d.). Gun Control (Opposing Viewpoints Series): Helen Cothran: 9780737707472: Amazon.com: Books. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/Gun-Control-Opposing-Viewpoints-Series/ dp/073770747X Hacking Firearm Lock Boxes. (2012, January 16). Everyday No Days Off Gun Blog RSS. Retrieved from http://www.everydaynodaysoff.com/2012/01/16/hacking-firearm-lockboxes/ Horman, B. G. (2012, March 7). Safe Gun Storage Options. Safe Gun Storage Options. Retrieved from http://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/safe-gun-storageoptions/ Leonardatos, C., Blackman, P. H., & Kopel, D. B. (2001). Smart Guns/Foolish Legislators. SMART GUNS/FOOLISH LEGISLATORS. Retrieved from http://www. davekopel.com/2A/LawRev/SmartGuns.htm Lyons, L. (2006). The gun owner’s handbook: A complete guide to maintaining and repairing your firearms--in the field or at your workbench. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press. Phillips, B., & Phillips, B. (1999). Locksmithing. New York: McGraw Hill. Phillips, B. (2006). The complete book of home, site, and office security: Selecting, installing, and troubleshooting systems and devices. New York: McGraw-Hill. Rathjen, J. E. (1995). Locksmithing: From apprentice to master. New York: McGraw-Hill. Robinson, R. L. (1973). Complete course in professional locksmithing. Chicago: NelsonHall.
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Safe And Responsible Gun Storage. (208, April 19). Safe and Responsible Gun Storage | LearnAboutGuns.com. Retrieved from http://www.learnaboutguns.com/2008/04/19/ safe-and-responsible-gun-storage/ Terranella, S. (0000, April 29). Study: Parents Don’t Lock Up Guns. ABC News. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=117480 Tobias, M. W. (2012, July 27). Unsafe Gun Safes Can Be Opened By A Three-Year Old. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/marcwebertobias/2012/07/27/ unsafe-gun-safes-can-be-opened-by-a-three-year-old/ Tobias, M. W. (n.d.). The Lockdown: Gun locks - unsafe at any caliber. Engadget. Retrieved from http://www.engadget.com/2007/06/13/the-lockdown-gun-locks-unsafeat-any-caliber/ U. (2009). Thread: Gun Safe Trouble. Cast Boolits RSS. Retrieved from http://castboolits. gunloads.com/showthread.php?58291-Gun-Safe-Trouble
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