Laika_project

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Copyright © 2016 - Anastasia Podolskaya Cover: Anastasia Podolskaya Publication Design Layout: Anastasia Podolskaya NewSchool of Architecture + Design 2016 Studio Instructor: Raúl Díaz Website: lhttps://laika-project.com/ All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval without permission in writing from the author.

Printed and Bound in Newschool of Architecture + Design, San Diego

LAIKA P

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A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of The NewSchool of Architecture & Design

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture

by Anastasia Podolskaya

June 2016 San Diego, CA

In loving memory of my dog, Kashtan, and my dear teacher, Luka Krstich

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With this letter I want to thank Tatiana Shevchenko for her support during my school years and this amazing idea that started Laika_project.

I would also like to express the deepest gratitude to my thesis advisers.

Luisa Schultz, for her wisdom, kindness and sensitivity. Eric Farr, for his enthusiasm and encouragement. Casey Pfeiffer, for his invaluable advice and time. And most importantly, to Leigh Pfeiffer, for never giving up on me, for generously shared knowledge, methods and research, for the time and value that she put into our discussions, for pushing the boundaries of my imagination, and for believing in me every step of this the way. Without her support this book would not be possible.

In addition, I would like to thank RaĂşl DĂ­az for his critical position and granted freedom of expression. To my classmates, who became my family during this academic year. And to my family who always supported my dream to receive higher education.

I believe that this book is just the beginning of a wonderful academic journey and I am thankful to be where I am today.

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THESIS ABSTRACT An indicator of civilization is the attitude of the governing authority and society to the problems of the most vulnerable social groups. The elderly, children and animals are examples of sensitive communal categories, whose interests and+ needs are very often neglected.

Figure 1. Romanian stamp from 1959 “Laika, first traveller into Cosmos�

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Named after the first living creature from planet Earth to enter space orbit in 1957, today, after almost hundred years from this revolutionary breakthrough, Laika_Project introduces a visionary concept of the architectural program which addresses social needs of the elderly, children and animals through the development of a unique typological model for senior assisted living facility synthesized with animal shelter and interior park to encourage interaction between various age groups and rescue animals, provide behavioral studies and multiple educational programs. Laika_project allows its users to share their meaningful experiences, improve healthy lifestyle and develop strong emotional bonds.

According to the Department of Psychology of Tennessee State University, which published more than twenty doctoral researches

on the psychology of the human-animal bond, there are recent dramatic changes in investments into animal companionship on psychological, emotional and financial levels. 98% of Americans refer to their pets as family members. (Blazina, C., Boyraz, G., & ShenMiller, D. S., 2011) American Pet Products Association predicted more than sixty billion dollars of pet-related spending for 2016.

(APPA, 2016.) And in 2015 the American Psychological Association released a survey showing that the average stress levels in the U.S. are raising every year and included pet therapy in the list of most effective antistress solutions. Numerous emergent studies on the human-animal bond, nature deficiencies and animal therapy highlight growing importance of animal companionship and give strong support to the idea of mixing architectural typologies in order to create favorable conditions for its development. (Human Animal Interaction, n.d.)

During the course of study it became clear that the topic is so vast in potential that it was necessity to narrow it down to only three social categories - seniors, children and animals. In terms of an architectural solution, the intent was to create a radically contrasting, even utopian solution in order to brainstorm the possibilities of this complicated program and include multiple components which trigger the interaction between the participants and essentially improve their lifestyle. As the result of this first effort, Laika_Project became an inspiring visualization which triggers discussions and ideas toward the development of smaller and more specific project/ studies on mixing architectural typology for sheltered animals, senior adults and children.

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LAIKA P

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A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of The NewSchool of Architecture & Design

by Anastasia Podolskaya

Approved by:

Undergraduate Chair:

Leonard Zegarski

Date

Studio Instructor:

RaĂşl DĂ­az

Date

Academic Advisor:

Leigh Pfeiffer

Date

CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................7 THESIS ABSTRACT .................................................................................8 CHAPTER I LAIKA_PROJECT INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................16 FOCUS GROUPS .....................................................................................17 RESCUE ANIMALS ................................................................................17 CHILDREN ....................................................................................................19 SENIORS .....................................................................................................20 ANIMAL THERAPY ..............................................................................21 PROBLEM STATEMENT ..................................................................25 THESIS STATEMENT ...........................................................................27 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY .................................................29 CHAPTER II PROCESS TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS................................................................33 1.1__PALM SPRINGS ANIMAL CARE FACILITY ..........................34 1.2__ANTI-CRUELTY SOCIETY - CHICAGO ...............................36 1.3__STONNINGTON POUND DEVELOPMENT ................... 38 2.1__NURSING AND RETIREMENT HOME ............................ 40 2.2__PADRE RUBINOS ...........................................................................42 2.3__MONCONSEIL RETIREMENT HOME ...............................44 2.4__SENIOR CENTER OF GUANGXI ..........................................46 2.5__SENIORS’ RESIDENCE + NURSERY ..................................48 3.1__FARMING KINDERGARTEN ...................................................50 3.2__KINDERGARTEN IN GUASTALLA .......................................52 3.3__YELLOW ELEPHANT KINDERGARTEN .............................54 3.4__FUJI KINDERGARTEN ................................................................56

CHAPTER III CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT .............................................61 CONCEPT I ................................................................................................62 CONCEPT II ...............................................................................................64 CONCEPT III .............................................................................................66 CIRCULATION STUDIES ...............................................................69 CHAPTER IV PROGRAM, SITE & CODE SITE ANALYSIS .......................................................................................72 PROGRAM INTENT.............................................................................77 PROGRAM KEY .....................................................................................81 ACCESSIBILITY AND CODE ......................................................82 CHAPTER V DESIGN FLOOR PLANS .......................................................................................86 INTERIOR VIEWS ................................................................................90 SECTIONS ...................................................................................................94 THE INTERACTION SPACE ........................................................96 SYSTEMS INTEGRATION ..............................................................98 MODEL PHOTOGRAPHS ...........................................................102 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION CONCLUSION ......................................................................................108 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY........................109 FINAL PRESENTATION ...................................................................111 REFERENCES .........................................................................................112 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................116 TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: REFERENCE ......................118

CHAPTER I

LAIKA_PROJECT

INTRODUCTION You are responsible, forever, for what you have tamed.

- Antoine de Saint-Exupery A decade ago a proposal of the project where assisted living facility is combined with the animal shelter and built as a city entertainment center may sound irrational. Today, when pet-related industry have grown up to almost sixty three billion dollars per year according to APPA , and sixty three percent of homes in the United States claim to have a pet. (Blazina, C., Boyraz, G., & Shen-Miller, D. S., 2011) This proposal is an emergent response to a changing paradigm of the contemporary society. Mixing typologies for animals, children and seniors into one residential, educational and recreational facility is unique and necessary design response to create a space for inspired interaction with nature, multigenerational synergy and unrestricted play for children.

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Initially, Laika_project included an animal shelter/veterinary clinic/ animal hotel/animal services (e.g. grooming, training, daycare).

However, in the process of research and due to the choice of the site, the final typology (at this stage) accommodates a senior residential facility combined with an animal shelter, inclusive of areas for visitors with the specific goal of involving children in educational aspects of the project.

Mixing spaces for animals, children and seniors into one residential, educational and recreational facility tangles and complicates the program, but creates a tremendous curiosity and excitement to activate further development.

FOCUS GROUPS Three social groups considered in relation to one another are children, seniors and rescue animals. Data for this component of the research includes current statistics, peer reviewed journals, articles and behavioral studies. The imperative goal of this element of the project is to determine points of connection, major conflicts and beneficial sides of the interaction between the focus groups.

The expected outcome is a conclusion of the advantage of mutually beneficial conditions for cohabitation and close interaction.

RESCUE ANIMALS In the modern world, animal shelters are labeled as disturbing temporary solutions for orphan pets, assisting a minute percentage of animals to find new foster families. However, the majority of derelict animals stay kept behind bars and are eminently killed.

Hardly anyone would like to spend a day in an animal shelter, or send a child there for summer camp. Still, it is important to recognize that by avoiding animal shelters, we also avoid the feelings of responsibility, guilt and compassion toward our abandoned and often cruelly mistreated “little brothers�. According to ASPCA (The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) in the United States, there are approximately 13,600 community animal shelters, however there is no centralized institution which tabulates statistics nationwide, therefore figures vary in different states.

There are two types of animal shelters in the United States: typical/ open admission and no-kill shelters. (ASPCA, 2015.) No-kill animal shelters do not euthanize animals unless they are terminally ill or irrevocably dangerous, however they accept animals only on volunteer or spot-available basis. Animals which are not accepted

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FOR 2016, IT IS ESTIMATED THAT

ALMOST $63 BILLION WILL BE SPENT ON PETS IN THE U.S. 98% OF PET OWNERS CONSIDER THEIR PET

A FAMILY MEMBER

7 .6M

PETS ENTER ANIMAL SHELTERS NATIONWIDE EVERY YEAR

into a no-kill animal shelters are accepted into open-admission facilities, which have to euthanize them after a certain time regardless of animal’s health or temperament.

Due to a fairly nomadic style of living in the United States, where people can easily accept a job in another state or go to a university across the country, there is a problem of accepting lifelong responsibility for an animal. It is paramount to educate children of the perpetual responsibility and loyalty to their pets. As for the seniors, very often they face unpredictable circumstances and may suddenly leave a pet without a human companion. (“10 Important Things To Consider Before Adopting A Pet.” n.d.)

New ways of educating the public and innovative approach to the design of animal shelters, particularly spaces of interaction between animals and the public, introduce a revolutionary social activity catalyst promoting holistic relationships in the community and opportunity to connect with nature.

CHILDREN The nature of childhood has changed. There’s not much nature in it.

National Wildlife Federation It is hard to disagree that children from the 1990s had extremely different lifestyles, habits, opportunities and responsibilities than children of today. Researchers claim that twenty years ago children spent about fifty percent more time outdoors than contemporary kids. (Larson & Cordell, 2011) Today’s statistics shows an astonishing 7-8 hours per day spent by an average child interacting with technology! (National Wildlife Federation, 2015) Typically, technology is introduced to a child by the parents as a way of entertainment.

Controls and time limits of interaction, once the children are used to the technology, are difficult to monitor. American journalist Richard Louv, is one of the prominent activists whose work is pointing out on the problem of disconnection between the young generation and nature. Louv claims that today, young people tend to spend more time playing with technology, than spending it outdoors.

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(Louv, 2008) Scholars globally assert that outdoor activities of interaction with nature can be as efficient as the use of antidepressants.(Louv, 2008) Positive impact of interaction with the environment enhances physical and mental health of the child, increases the attention spans, boosts social and creative skills. (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2008) Meanwhile, daily interaction with nature can start by adopting an animal. Having a pet from a very early age naturally develops love and respect for living creatures, responsibility, self-confidence and compassion. Children with strong pet bonds are able to develop stronger connections with their peers and feel more confident, loved and understood. (Julian, 2013.) There is a constant need in exchange of love and compassion between living creatures, and animals fulfill this need with their pure relationships toward people.

Today, more than ever in history, the interaction between children and nature is broadly discussed amongst scholars, parents and educational organizations. (Marilyn, 2006) It is essential to educate and lead children to environmental awareness through the regular interaction with nature. Therefore, the development of an architectural program for a specialized educational facility has a tremendous value and carries an incredible potential for a paradigm shift in the development of environmental awareness.

SENIORS

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Another social category that derives enormous benefits from pet ownership and interaction are seniors. Retiring and experiencing losses of loved ones, along with health problems and a lack of communication with younger relatives, the elderly tend to become exposed to emotional trauma and loneliness. They are vulnerable to depression and other negative psychological factors, impacting their physical condition and motivation to life. A presence of a companion animal helps to reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease, improves relationships and helps to maintain physical

activity. (Cherniack, 2014) It decreases the levels of stress, provides opportunity for interaction and social activities, and works as a buffer against depression and lack of motivation enhancing one’s well-being. For some elderly adults, interaction with their pets somewhat substitutes regular communication with their children/ grandchildren and provides additional strength and stimulus to life.

(Friedan, 1993) In National Wildlife Federation research polls, it was found that the majority of people talk about their pets as friends and feel that their emotional bond with the pets is as strong as the bond with loved ones. This attachment can be explained by pets being loyal and unconditionally accepting. Animals give a feeling of responsibility and create a goal of taking care of someone.

While remaining active and maintaining one’s daily routine is getting more challenging for the elderly, interaction with pets becomes an abundant source of energy, positive emotions and inspiration.

(Hart,1995) For example, walking a pet is wonderful physical exercise providing good effects on heart rate and overall health. Long walks result in a significant decrease in cholesterol levels among the elderly. When walking with the pet one naturally develops social base and easily grow community which also enjoys the company of animals. Pets become the main topic of conversation and reduce the sense of isolation that occurs in old age.

Some seniors cannot keep a pet at their home, but they would gladly have a place to go and take care of animals during the daytime. Some of the elderly are unsure of their health and unable to take a pet because they are afraid to leave it unattended in case of any health crisis. In this scenario a reputable facility that can take a custody of a pet, might be a brilliant solution.

ANIMAL THERAPY Animal therapy is a common and broadly used method to cure various psychological and even physical disorders. Sometimes doctors use medication to achieve the effect of specially trained

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animals, but often a personal pet is therapeutic. Everyone dealing with a pet, to some extent and often unknowingly engages in animal therapy. Those interested in spiritual practices and alternative medicine confirm that the presence of animals raises positive vibrations and promotes healing.

Although animal therapy is not included into the basic medical regimen, over time it becomes increasingly popular. The fact that interaction with animals is helpful was known 2000 years ago, however the modern animal-assisted therapy only exists for several decades.

There are no uniform methods of animal therapy, but according to National Service Animal Registry (NSAR) there are three categories to classify them. The first - “animal assisted therapy”carried out by specialists and always aims to achieve specific therapeutic goals. The second category -”therapeutic visitation”, does not involve setting clear goals of treatment. This category may be held by specialists and volunteers, and is aimed at the overall improvement of the psychological state of patients. Finally, there is a “facility therapy”, used to help children with dyslexia or Alzheimer’s patients. (All About Therapy Animals, n.d.)

There are several theories which explain the effectiveness of animalassisted therapy inclusive of biophilia theory, also known as the evolutionary hypothesis.(Rogers, 2016.) According to biophilia theory, a feeling of “love to nature” is genetically determined. In the course of evolution humans developed an ability to calm down and arrive at a positive state of mind while enjoying nature and caring for animals.

This theory has no proven scientific data, however scientists have yet to prove that care and respect for nature can be attributed solely to material gain. Primary issues of animal-assisted therapy is in its insubstantial evidence basis. However, it does not stop specialists of various medical, educational, disciplinary and recreational facilities to incorporate animal therapy for the benefits of their clients.

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PROBLEM STATEMENT

Although benefits of interaction between animals and humans are unproven scientifically, in practice this type of communication is promising. It shows the ideal results in the field of rehabilitation after stress, severe illness and injury. In most cases of working with seniors and children animal-assisted therapy allows to combine the beneficial effects and dynamic experience.

Although every year the number of organizations utilizing interaction with animals increases, there are no special typology devoted to human - animal bond as a leisure activity and a trigger to social connection between people of all ages. The lack of places which bring value to one’s life proven by the mall shopping as an interactive weekly activity for some young people. Children, who are naturally very energetic, tend to spend whole days in front of the computer screen, instead of having a safe and engaging place which allows them to interact with their peers and service animals, but also gain ethics in communication with the elders. Seniors, who have chosen to live in the retirement homes tend to develop feelings of loneliness and frustration due to the lack of communication with the loved ones.

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THESIS STATEMENT

By synthesizing tectonic typologies accommodating the seniors, sheltered animals and children, Laika_project addresses issues and needs of various social groups through the means of architectural programming and composition, but moreover explores advanced ways of rethinking and reeducating society in order to create holistic reintegration and multigenerational connection.

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IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY Everyone who suggests an alternative vision of the society is considered utopian. However, according to Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu, utopia is equal to dystopia.

For some, bogged down to live in a certain reality, the vision of an unfamiliar typology potentially generating positive connections between generations and species seems unrealistic and wasteful.

But for those who believe in the exceeding future and search for the way beyond the destruction, pollution and aggression, this typology is a true proposal of sustainability.

The way we live today is utopia for those who lived generations before. Paradoxical to it at a certain point we stopped dreaming of the future. The immense success of this project is finding a contemporary utopia and creating an inspiring platform for more detailed and profound research.

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CHAPTER II

TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

1.1

2.3

2.5

1.2

2.4

3.1

3.4

3.2 3.3

2.2

1.3

2.1 circulation transparency materiality rhythm scale contrast density

TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Typological analysis of animal shelters, senior living facilities and kindergartens aim at understanding of a complex phenomena and molding the hybrid architectural mesh of all three programs.

It allows the highlighting of the formation and the nature of interaction within the particularly responsive space.

Typological analysis is based on generalizing the principle of developing a typological system. This principle gives the ability to retain the qualities of the original typology, simultaneously, creating complementary and related concepts. This system aims at “in-depth� analysis and the development of various aspects of the formation of architectural solutions.

Characterized by certain algorithmic procedures, this method involves a sequence of actions to create a holistic construct based on a compatability and selection of types, forms and variations. The basis of the typological analysis for Laika_project deconstructed of the case studies into diagrams, notations and related principles for the purpose of construction of meta-diagrams directly informing further Laika_project design.

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PALM SPRINGS ANIMAL CARE FACILITY Swatt | Miers Architects

1.1

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The project is an example of an innovative approach to the whole concept of the animal shelters and their role in our society. Palm Springs Care Facility is not just a regular animal pond, but an animal center which cultivates the development of educational programs, defines public and private spaces within the facility and responds to very specific issues which occur due to extreme climate of the desert.

The main budget for the facility is provided by the state and private philanthropists. For example, more than twenty percent of the cost of construction has been collected through private donations.

Shelter marked silver LEED certification for water purification and collection system, and was recognized as a reference model for the shelters of Southern California. The facility includes a clinic for medical assistance, a garden for walking, comfortable cages for cats and dogs, and visitor area. Durable materials such as stainless steel and concrete were used in the construction, as well as implemented effective ventilation and supply of high pressure water for daily wet cleaning.21

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contrast rhythm circulation expansion materiality *Palm Springs Animal Care Facility | Laika_project Case Study by A. Podolskaya

ANTI-CRUELTY SOCIETY - CHICAGO Stanley Tigerman Architects

1.2

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The Anti-Cruelty Animal Shelter was the first big animal shelter in the United States whose history goes back to 1899. During more than a hundred years of existence it went through many various modifications to its organization, mission and architecture. The building that The Anti-Cruelty Animal Shelter occupies today was originally designed in Chicago-World’s-Fair Moderne. In 1953 Stanley Tigerman architects renewed the facade of the building in order to emphasize more pleasant aspects of the animal shelter’s dayto-day work. The current administration’s mission is to reeducate public and draw more adoption than euthanizing solutions. The entrance of the building by Stanley Tigerman reminds one of a dog’s face and suggests noninstitutionality The Anti-Cruelty Animal Shelter is a very strong example of animal shelter with the mission to involve public: many programs such as adoption consulting, animal behavior educational programs, pet loss adoption groups, community programs for children and adults are developed to draw people into exciting volunteer opportunities and everyday life of the shelter.3, 35

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scale contrast program urban context non-institutionality *Anti-Cruelty Society - Chicago | Laika_project Case Study by A. Podolskaya

STONNINGTON POUND DEVELOPMENT Architecture Matters

1.3

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Save-A-Dog Scheme (SADS) is a non-profit organization in Australia, which saves hundreds of defenseless dogs and cats annually. This no-kill animal shelter provides treatment and care for the sick and injured animals. SADS was founded in 1985 and its main objectives were to rescue stray dogs from being killed in shelters, as well as to offer an extended care to them. This charitable organization created and controlled by the volunteers, was officially registered as a shelter, where dogs are guaranteed a place to stay, food and medical care.

Every dog at the shelter is spayed, physically examined, vaccinated and chipped before leaving to a new owner. SADS exists on a voluntary basis, as well as through donations. It does not receive any government support. Main costs of the facility are veterinary services for animals and daily animal care. It is located in the immediate vicinity of Melbourne, small town Stonnington. In 2009, SADS bought a large plot of land in 33 acres (133 square kilometers) and built a larger facility for the shelter, as well as a medical center and cat hotel. For the development of new pound the organization used shipping containers, recycled wood and concrete.1

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scale density materiality circulation engagement *Stonnington Pound Development | Laika_project Case Study by A. Podolskaya

NURSING AND RETIREMENT HOME Dietger Wissounig Architekten

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A two-storey building is located in a green area, near the new park, and deliberately opened outward. On the ground level it is “pierced” by the wooden square surface, and on the second level it has four atrium spaces. Residential spaces are grouped into eight “communities” with four units in each. Every “community” includes a room for thirteen guests, the dining room and the kitchen for them and one attending employee. Each community space is defined by a color palette that facilitates the orientation in the space. All the care facilities are located in the middle of the community to reduce their distance to any point of the building. The relatively complex layout allows the creation of a light-filled interior with a variety of perspectives, “enabling” environment for tenants. In addition, there is a large window with a heated sill-seat in every room, which provides a link with the surrounding landscape. Recreational areas are accessible inside and outside of the building, including two small gardens, open only to the residents. All of this is designed to create a cozy and home-like atmosphere. Ground level parts of the building are made of wood, except for the main staircase structured of reinforced concrete.11, 27

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rhythm density scale circulation materiality *Nursing and Retirement Home | Laika_project Case Study by A. Podolskaya

PADRE RUBINOS

2.2

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Elsa Urquijo Arquitectos Padre Rubinos is a social charitable organization financed by the foundation of Amancio Ortega, the richest person of Spain, which gives the shelter to the needy. Under the guidance of Ortega’s foundation Padre Rubinos expanded into a home for elderly and nursery school. For Laika_project this typological symbiosis is particularly informing a practical information on the success of multigenerational interaction encouraged by the architectural program. Architecture of Padre Rubinos complex contains various volumes composed into a simple and elegant geometry.

Abundance of light and indoor/outdoor access creates a serene, relaxing atmosphere and visual continuity. The most extensive use of the complex is a home for the elderly. Architectural program also includes a nursery school, shelter for homeless, and a chapel. All the residents are encouraged to participate in accessible activities of gardening, arts and crafts workshops, chess tournaments and chamber musical events.12,16

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rhythm density program circulation transparency *Padre Rubinos | Laika_project Case Study by A. Podolskaya

2.3

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MONCONSEIL RETIREMENT HOME Atelier Zundel & amp; Cristea Monconseil Retirement Home is located in the zone of urban development of the city of Tours. This building is one of the first dwellings in the area. U-shaped three volumes of the building include eighty one beds, and have specific circulation and organization.

All the corridors of the building are well lit and ventilated. One of the most successful features of the project are internal courtyards.

Program of the retirement home is arranged by floors: most of common living areas are located on the ground floor; Alzheimer units have access to the secure internal garden; residential units are on the second and third floors. Careful program separation in order to create the most comfortable living conditions for all the Monconseil residents is the most impactful feature of the place. Key materials consist of prefabricated concrete and wood.5, 25

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scale rhythm circulation transparency urban context *Monconseil Retirement Home | Laika_project Case Study by A. Podolskaya

SENIOR CENTER OF GUANGXI

2.4

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Atelier Alter An architectural embodiment of humanistic ideas - the senior Center in Guangxi, China, is a space for seniors who have spent much of their youth building a cultural revolution. The sense of belonging to the period of uncertainty for the older generation, as well as for future generations, is a critical alternative to the isolation and apathy. The location chosen for this project is a suburban area surrounded by nature. Adapted to the characteristics of the geographic location, the senior center creates a smooth transition of architectural elements by shifting the horizontal volumes.

The project used a system of aluminum louvers which creates a spectacular design of the facade, and refers to the archetype of the bamboo construction of Chinese traditional crafts. The complex program of this senior center includes residential units, community and therapy rooms, pools, gym, interior courtyards, cafeteria and a dance floor.14

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program materiality circulation transparency suburban context *Senior Center of Guangxi | Laika_project Case Study by A. Podolskaya

2.5

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SENIORS’ RESIDENCE + NURSERY LTA This project is especially relevant as a case study due to the mixed typology: a home for elderly and children’s nursery. It is located in the center of Rennes, France and includes a restaurant on the ground level, three levels of underground parking, and three floors above the restaurant occupied by the mixed typology. The building appers modest and fits the urban context, however, interior walls are painted in different colors for the comfort of several Alzheimer’s patients/residents, there is ample air and light in the corridors, and the curtain wall of the South façade is covered with greenery. Elderly residents may volunteer at the children’s nursery. There are long balconies with a view on public park on each floor for the access outside and short walks. The project looks very simple, however there are many details and elements which highlight the level of care and profound knowledge of the needs of its residents.31, 32

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scale materiality circulation transparency rhythm *Seniors’ Residence + Nursery | Laika_project Case Study by A. Podolskaya

3.1

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FARMING KINDERGARTEN Vo Trong Nghia Architects Farming kindergarten in Vietnam is an example of implementation of varying programmatic features in the typology of the traditional kindergarten. It was designed for almost five hundred children of the employees of an adjacent shoe factory. Continuous green roofs of the facility are used for agricultural purposes, therefore children produce their own food, spend a lot of time outdoors and learn useful skills from a very early age. Historically, Vietnam is an agricultural land, and unfortunately a new manufacture based economy, extensive pollution and overpopulation are affecting the environment. The next-door factory wastewater is used to flush the toilets and irrigate plants. Spending their days on the green playground and raising plants, children develop their connection with Nature and knowledge of its fragility. 13, 36

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circulation program materiality transparency sustainability *Farming Kindergarten | Laika_project Case Study by A. Podolskaya

KINDERGARTEN IN GUASTALLA

3.2

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Mario Cucinella Architects Kindergarten in Guastalla by Cucinella Architects won a competition of the local school district and replaced two schools previously destroyed by the earthquakes with the light-weight wooden structure. Currently it hosts hundred twenty children of the age category younger than three years old. The design intention of Cucinella architects was to the stimulate children’s interaction and desire to explore. There are sinuous transitions between indoor and outdoor spaces, as well as various architectural solutions to the most common elements like doors, windows and floors. The choice of material, the intention to bring more light in the study areas and less into the rooms for relaxation, open floor plans - all carry pedagogical intentions to develop and educate children.

Kindergarten in Guastalla inspires curiosity and discovery. As the children always have various areas to explore they are more focused and enthusiastic in the classrooms and labs.10, 20

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circulation scale materiality transparency contrast *Kindergarten in Guastalla | Laika_project Case Study by A. Podolskaya

3.3

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YELLOW ELEPHANT KINDERGARTEN XYstudio Yellow Elephant Kindergarten is a one-storey building with five rooms: two for nursery and three for the kindergarten accommodating hundred twenty five kids daily. It is located in Poland and works seasonally. The roof is made of laminated timber construction, and the rooms are full of light and air ventilation from scale of the windows and reflective bright walls. All the rooms face the interior courtyard and have floor to ceiling sliding glass doors that easily transform a classroom into a continuation of the courtyard. Entrances are designed purposefully lower than usual to fit the scale of a child and allow them to feel more “at home.�

There are skylights in the classrooms to allow maximum of daylight into them. The place completes a spatial outside area with seating where children have lunch and play during the day.37, 38

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materiality scale materiality transparency transformation *Yellow Elephant Kindergarten | Laika_project Case Study by A. Podolskaya

3.4

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FUJI KINDERGARTEN Tezuka Architect Fuji kindergarten in Tokyo is known as the “ the cutest kindergarten in the world”, designed by the architect Takaharu Tezuka. In his Ted Talk presentation about the design of this project, the architect playfully delivers his insightful approach to architecture through the eyes of children. He posits that if children naturally like to run or climb trees there is no pedagogical value to forbid them from doing this. Tezuka’s team created the safety measures to allow children to express their natural behavior, while staying safe and comfortable in their environment There are no wall separations and the floor plan is a circular shape, so kids can run around and there is no need to chase them as they are always coming back to the same classroom.

The trees in the classroom are surrounded by hammocks in order to prevent injuries from falling. Designed to the children’s scale, Fuji kindergarten also promotes the sense of safety and comfort.30, 33, 34

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circulation rhythm materiality density infinitude * Fuji Kindergarten | Laika_project Case Study by A. Podolskaya

CHAPTER III

CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT

II I

III DOMINATING CONCEPT

CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT After extensive study of the related typologies and construction of meta-diagrams for each case study project, the next stage of the process was formation of three concepts and their implementation in an object-subject environment. The examples of hand sketches and conceptual models revealed a detailed review of presentation of various forms, ideas, control factors like circulation and segregation of the program, the essence of the creative process and conceptual interpretations from practical and theoretical viewpoints.

Figure 2. Photograph of final presentation of the first quarter (12.14.15) which determined the further development of the schematic design

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CONCEPT I

DIFFERENTIATION OF SCALES in order to create favorable conditions for all the users and provide them with the spaces appropriate for their scale. This strategy oversees possibility to create various patterns in circulation provided only for certain participants.

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63

CONCEPT II

FLOW - series of ramps playing a role of “artificial canyon”. By variations of slopes, and separation of the difficulty levels of walks, these ramps may form the interior space with the principle of Concept I: DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SCALES, but also provide opportunity for various hiking routes.

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65

CONCEPT III

CIRCULATION CONTROL SYSTEMS - the concept explores mapping of various routes for groups of users and calculate typically used paths in order to place program elements encouraging interaction experience between the users.

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67

CIRCULATION STUDIES

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To understand spatial conditions and create auspicious patterns for natural circulation several study models were presented at the jury discussion during conceptual phase. The concept to spiral/invite/ involve/mix into the space became not just an inspiration for the circulation patterns, but also the main conceptual diagram for the whole project which became experiential and united.

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CHAPTER IV

PROGRAM, SITE & CODE

SITE ANALYSIS

One of the major discussion drivers for this project was the selection of the site. As the project involves an emerging typology with such a complex program, the program should get the most attention, so the explanation in the tremendous interest for the site may be an example of wrong selection or a wrong presentation.

At the research inception, there were two types of the sites: urban and suburban. Benefits of creating this project in the urban setting would be a close connection to the public, deficit of safe playgrounds for kids, and possibility to draw private and local funds.

The advantages of a suburban site selection would allow more space, less business competition, state/federal funds and possibilities for the serene, balanced surroundings.

CHESTNUT HILL, LIVERPOOL, NEW YORK is the example of the suburban site surrounded by a huge residential area, with the immediate connection to elementary school, health club, plaza with restaurants and major streets.

Due to the cold climate in New York, the possibility to have an enclosed park with hiking trails, enriching educational programs, botanical gardens, cafeteria, auditorium and vibrant community will become a major destination of attraction to the public.

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SITE PLAN DIAGRAMS Study models to determine critical physical characteristics of the site inclusive of access, circulation, soil & ground conditions, landscape, light & shadow and vicinity.

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1. LAIKA_PROJECT 2. CHESTNUT HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL (500 students) 3. BASEBALL FIELD 4. GYM 5. SHOPPING PLAZA 6. PARKING 7. LAIKA_PROJECT GROUNDS

+ ANIMAL SHELTER

INTERACTION SPACES

ELDERLY RESIDENTIAL +

PROGRAM INTENT

Complexities of the programming for Laika_project include multiple layers of research referring to multigenerational and multifunctional applications, mixing typologies, specific requirements and variety of other factors impacting design decisions.

A programmatic strategy is the leading and critically unique part of the Laika_project – its guidelines and constraints, when defined properly, will enrich and deepen the project. Therefore, from the onset of this research it is essential to set up constraints on certain conditions (e.g., number of occupants, environmental solutions and distribution of space). In the further stages of the project the programmatic constraints help to reach the desired resolution of the project and develop clear initial conditions for future changes.

Once the program model is developed it lends itself to a platform to modify proposed parameters and apply them to similar projects.

The intent is to develop an example of the mixed typology, with potential of further modification and adaptation.9

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ADMINISTRATION b=38.22

a=61.77

ADOPTION

61.77 / 38.22 100 / 61.77 = 1.618

INTERACTION SPACE SENIOR CENTER

a = a+b = 1.618 a b

SURRENDER THERAPY VETERINARY CLINIC

AUDITORIUM/PRESENTATION SPACES

RECREATION

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

RESIDENTIAL

KIDS EDUCATIONAL +

BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH

VETERINARY CLINIC

+ ANIMAL SHELTER

INTERACTION SPACES ELDERLY RESIDENTIAL +

GROOMING

ANIMAL HOTEL PET DAYCARE

DOG TRAINING

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PROGRAM KEY S

D TR OG AI NI RU NG NN KE ER NN S & EL S

AL IM N A NG CE NI VI AI R R SE T

A3 A8 A8

A5

A2

A8

V5

V12

M12

V1

M1 / S2 DINING

V7

V8

S13

A11

M12

V1

S4

S14

C

V2

M11

E

S1 LOBBY

S8

S11 M5 S12 M12

M12

C

S13

E

S3

V1 lobby V2 surrender consultation V3 staff rooms V4 canine initial hold V5 feline initial hold V6 exam rooms V7 x-ray V8 surgery prep V9 surgery V10 euthanasia V11 recovery V12 workrooms

S12

M5

M11

S9

S7

C

E

S3

M12 E

S4

M11

S4

VET CLINIC

S4

S8

S6

S8

C

S12 M12

S5

S4

S7

S7

E

S8 S13

S10

M12

A1

S11

E

V6

M12

S4

E

M3

V9 V10

S11

E

M12

V11

M12

M6 M7 M8

M2& M10 MAIN LOBBY

V4

V3

M4

S1 lobby S2 dining S3 single rooms S4 one-bedroom S5 two-bedrooms S6 common living room S7 social/ art /therapy S8 nurse/staff S9 pharmacy S10 library/internet S11 private family meetings S12 storage/ supply S13 laundry

A9

A4

V12 A7

A10

SENIOR CENTER

M1 food court M2 main lobby M3 auditorium M4 grooming M5 conference M6 offices M7 pr & volunteer M8 administration M9 animal hotel M10 retail M11 electrical/mechanical M12 wc

E

A8

A6

M10

A3

M9

MISC

M11

E

S10

M12

ADOPTION A1 lobby A2 canine display A3 canine adoption A4 feline display A5 feline adoption A6 laundry A7 freezer A8 workstations A9 animal hold A10 food prep

C COURTYARD E EGRESS

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ACCESSIBILITY AND CODE

Code consideration for Laika_project establishes high standards for co-existence of animal shelter, vet clinic and grooming facilities (type B) under the same roof with the assisted living facility (type R-4).

All the areas related to animals such as vet clinic, grooming, training, daycare and support are unified under the same requirements.

Even though requirements in accessibility, exiting, fire sprinklers, fresh air and amount of natural light are similar for both typologies, the residential component must have its own exit and access area for fire truck or ambulance.

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The assisted living part of the project provides a wide range of individualized services for its residents such as day and night attendant availability, psychological consultations, interest groups and classes, art therapy and pools for physical exercising. There are

private courtyards for only residents where pets are allowed, but the access is closed to general public.

All the apartments have ADA accessible bathrooms, all the bedrooms are equipped with operable and user automated windows for natural light and ventilation; doorways, ramps and aisles are accessible width. There are public bathrooms and elevators on each floor next to communal or interaction spaces.

Public bathrooms, elevators and ramps are also part of interaction park space and incorporated into the structural system, which makes them accessible. This feature allows to be sure in the immediate exit from the ramps in case of inability to finish the hike and gives a sense of security in effort to increase difficulty levels of the walks.

The building shape can be proportionally divided into a polar grid via golden ratio, which allows rays of corridors from the center of the facility to various paths of travel. This characteristic of the space provides safe and efficient travel from any programmed area to public way.

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CHAPTER V

DESIGN

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FLOOR PLAN I

*For Key Refer to Page 73

LIVING ROOM & KITCHENETTE BEDROOM BATHROOM CLOSET

88

FLOOR PLAN II, III, IV

*For Key Refer to Page 73

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MAIN LOBBY

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SENIOR CENTER LOBBY

SECTION I

SECTION II

THE INTERACTION SPACE

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SYSTEMS INTEGRATION

Structural system of the project contains three major components: Reinforced Concrete System, Space Frame and The Interaction Space Columns.

Reinforced Concrete System is commonly used for free standing combination of the shear walls, columns and glazed curtain walls.

The placement of the columns in this area of the building responds to a polar grid system. The Reinforced Concrete part of the building is connected with the Space Frame by the series of pins, which allow flexibility and reliability of the Space Frame and its glazing.

The Space Frame long-span structure is a light-weight system with mostly glazed panels. Ideally some of the panels are operable, to allow ventilation and access of fresh air into the interaction space.

The Space Frame system may be free standing, however, in this case The Interaction Space Columns are also structural in order to decrease the depth of the frame and its cost.

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The Interaction Space Columns are multiuse features in this project.

They are not only used as structural supports of the space frame. but also include boutique program features such as elevators, public bathrooms, and retail and efficient connections between lower and higher levels of the ramp system. The material of these columns consist of lattice and plantable cladding. On the ground level, these columns enclose irrigation systems for the gray water reuse. Especially in this project, where there is a strong intention of connection with nature, the structural features must integrate.

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MODEL PHOTOGRAPHS

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CHAPTER VI

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

Through the initial several months of this study it became clear that this topic significantly evolves and acquires its application on cultural and cross-cultural levels. As many other features of contemporary life, architecture becomes increasingly adaptable and transformative, naturally inclining toward flexible and versatile programming. Therefore the mixing of typologies in order to create a deeper connection between generations and human/nonhuman, certainly, has immense power to lead society into holistic and positive direction.

The final dialogue with the jury encapsulated potential ideas of program population such as agricultural areas, where the seniors can grow their own food. There were suggestions in evolving strategies to further connect with the interaction space and bring both programs deeper into it in order to blend the boundaries between them. However, this strategy might work better in case of mixing the typology of animal shelter and other, less sensitive residential facility. In case with the assisted living facility, the main effort was to create the possibility of close interaction with an animal shelter, but still keep calm and quiet home-like atmosphere for senior residents.

The platform of this project provides this opportunity.

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Laika_project may be considered successful as a platform for deeper research and application of the same intention to mix architectural typologies in various conditions.

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY:

For the future work on this project it is interesting to see the same mix of the typologies in: •

VARIOUS SCALES

•

DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

•

MIXED WITH OTHER TYPOLOGIES (E.G. ORPHANAGE, CHILDREN’S NURSERY)

•

DIFFERENT URBAN SETTINGS

•

CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC DIVERSITY

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FINAL PRESENTATION June 1, 2016 JURORS: Leonard Zegarski, Jorge Ozorno, Raúl Díaz

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REFERENCES 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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Alexander, C. (2012, September). Architecture Matters: Stonnington Pound Redevelopment. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from http://www.designboom.com/architecture/architecturematters-stonnington-pound-redevelopment/ American Academy of Pediatrics (2008) Safety Around Animals.

Retrieved March 3, 2016, from https://www.healthychildren.org/ English/safety-prevention/all-around/Pages/Safety-Around-Animals.aspx All About Therapy Animals. (n.d.) Retrieved March 11, 2016, from https://www.nsarco.com/therapy-animal-info.html Anti-Cruelty Society. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2015, from http://anticruelty.org/ APPA (2016). Pet Industry Market Size & Ownership Statistics.

Retrieved April 14, 2016, from http://www.americanpetproducts. org/press_industrytrends.asp

6. Atelier Zundel & Cristea. (2012, March 1). Monconseil Retirement Home. Retrieved December 12, 2015, from http://www.archdaily. com/212142/monconseil-retirement-home-atelier-zundel-cristea 7. Berenyi, Valerie (2011) “Connecting kids with nature”, Vancouver Sun, June 26, 2011, retrieved 2011-07-11 8. Blazina, C., Boyraz, G., & Shen-Miller, D. S. (2011). The Psychology Of The Human-Animal Bond: A Resource For Clinicians And Researchers. New York: Springer. vii 9. Cherniack, E. P., & Cherniack, A. R. (2014). The Bene_t of Pets and Animal-Assisted Therapy to the Health of Older Individuals. Current Gerontology & Geratrics Research, 10. Cherry, E. (1999). Programming for design: From theory to practice. New York: John Wiley.

11. Cucinella, M. (2014, October). Kindergarten in Guastalla / Mario Cucinella Architects. Retrieved November 5, 2015, from http:// myinforms.com/en-us/a/17645493-kindergarten-in-guastalla-mario-cucinella-architects/ 12. Dietger Wissounig Architekten (2015). Nenzing Nursing Home.

Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://us.archello.com/en/ project/nenzing-nursing-home 13. Elsa Urquijo Arquitectos. (2014). Padre Rubinos /. Retrieved November 22, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/548911/padrerubinos-elsa-urquijo-arquitectos 14. Farming Kindergarten. (2013). Retrieved November 13, 2015, from http://votrongnghia.com/projects/farming-kindergarten-2/ 15. Franklin, D. (2014, October 7). Senior Center of Guangxi by Atelier Alter. Retrieved January 01, 2016, from http://architectism.com/ senior-center-guangxi-atelier-alter/ 16. Friedan, B. (1993) The Fountain of Age. Simon & Schuster, New York.

17. Fundacion Amancio Ortega. (2015). PADRE RUBINOS. Retrieved December 5, 2015, from https://vimeo.com/108134000 18. Hart, Lynette A. “The Role of Pets in Enhancing Human Well Being: Effects for Older People.” The Waltham Book of Humananimal Interaction: Benefits and Responsibilities of Pet Ownership. Oxford: Pergamon, 1995. 19-31. Print.

19. Human Animal Interaction. (n.d.). Retrieved February 16, 2016, from http://www.apa-hai.org/human-animal-interaction/

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20. Julian, M. (2013). Age at Adoption from Institutional Care as a Window into the Lasting Effects of Early Experiences. Clinical Child & Family Psychology Review, 16(2), 101-145.

21. Kindergarden in Guastalla, Italy. (2015, October 27). Retrieved November 9, 2015, from http://www.designcurial.com/projects/ kindergarden-in-guastalla-italy 22. King, V. (2012, May 24). Palm Springs Animal Care Facility / Swatt | Miers Architects. Retrieved November 3, 2015, from http://www. archdaily.com/237233/palm-springs-animal-care-facility-swattmiers-architects/ 23. Larson, L. R., Green, G. T., & Cordell, H. K. (2011). Children’s Time Outdoors: Results and Implications of the National Kids Survey.

Journal Of Park & Recreation Administration, 29(2), 1-20.

24. Louv, Richard, Web of Life: Weaving the Values That Sustain Us. 25. Marilyn Gardner, “For more children, less time for outdoor play: Busy schedules, less open space, more safety fears, and lure of the Web keep kids inside”, Christian Science Monitor, June 29, 2006 26. Monconseil care home. (2011). Retrieved November 26, 2015, from www.zundelcristea.com/en/architecture/monconseilcare-home/ 27. National Wildlife Federation. Why Connect Kids and Nature.

2015. Retrieved November 5, 2015.

28. Nursing and Retirement Home / Dietger Wissounig Architekten. (2015, October 28). Retrieved November 14, 2015, from http:// www.archdaily.com/775831/nursing-and-retirement-home-dietger-wissounig-architekten 29. “Pet Statistics.” ASPCA. ASPCA, Jan. 2015. Web. 20 May 2015.

30. Rogers, K. (2016, May 26). Biophilia hypothesis. Retrieved June 6, 2016, from http://www.britannica.com/science/biophilia-hypothesis 31. Rus, M. (2012). Fuji Kindergarten by Tezuka Architects. Retrieved November 17, 2015, from http://www.ilikearchitecture. net/2012/09/fuji-kindergarten-tezuka-architects/ 32. Seniors Residence Nursery. (2013, November 19). Retrieved December 25, 2015, from http://us.archello.com/en/project/seniorsresidence-nursery 33. Seniors’ Residence Nursery / a/LTA. (2013, December 27).

Retrieved November 23, 2015, from http://www.archdaily.

com/462021/seniors-residence-nursery-a-lta 34. Tezuka Architect. (2012). FUJI KINDERGARTEN. Retrieved November 30, 2015, from http://www.tezuka-arch.com/english/ 35. Tezuka, T. (2014, September). The Best Kindergarten You’ve Ever Seen. Retrieved November 15, 2015, https://www.ted.com/ talks/takaharu_tezuka_the_best_kindergarten_you_ve_ever_ seen?language=en 36. The Anti-Cruelty Animal Shelter - Chicago. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2015, from http://www.tigerman-mccurry.com/project/the-anti-cruelty-animal-shelter 37. Vo Trong Nghia. (2014, November 11). Farming Kindergarten / Vo Trong Nghia Architects. Retrieved November 18, 2015, from http://www.archdaily.com/566580/farming-kindergarten-votrong-nghia-architects 38. Yellow Elephant Kindergarten / xystudio. (2015, October 22).

Retrieved November 20, 2015, from http://www.archdaily. com/775376/yellow-elephant-kindergarten-xystudio 39. Xystudio. (2015, October 23). Yellow Elephant Kindergarten / xystudio. Retrieved November 20, 2015, from http://www.follownews.com/yellow-elephant-kindergarten--xystudio-9dq8 40. “10 Important Things To Consider Before Adopting A Pet.” Adopt A Pet. Purina, n.d. Web. 15 June 2015.

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LIST OF FIGURES: Figure 1. Laika, first traveller into Cosmos [Photograph found in Stamp, Romania]. (2009, April 9). In Stamps of Distinction. Retrieved October 6, 2015, from www.stampsofdistinction.com/2008/04/laikaspace-dog.html (Originally photographed 1959) Figure 2. Conceptual phase presentation of Laika_Project [Personal photograph taken in Newschool of Architecture Design, San Diego]. (2015, December 14).

Figure 3. Davidson, M. (2014). The Palm Springs Animal Care Facility [Photograph]. Palm Springs, CA. Figure 4. Dordt College AIGA Student Group. (2012). East elevation showing “a friendly face” and the view looking southwest showing the block long series of structures that comprise the ACS. [Photograph]. Chicago.

Figure 5. Alexander, C. (2013, May 24). Stonnington Pound Development / Architecture Matters [Photograph]. Malvern, Melbourne Australia.

Figure 6. Ott, P. (2015, October 28). Nursing and Retirement Home / Dietger Wissounig Architekten [Photograph]. Leoben, Austria.

Figure 7. Elsa Urquijo Arquitectos. (2014, September 22). Padre Rubinos / Elsa Urquijo Arquitectos [Photograph]. A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.

Figure 8. Chalmeau, S. (2012, March 1). Monconseil Retirement Home / Atelier Zundel & Cristea [Photograph]. Tours, France.

Figure 9. Atelier Alter. (2014, October 6). Senior Center of Guangxi / Atelier Alter [Photograph]. Nanning, Guangxi, China.

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Figure 10. Chalmeau, S. (n.d.). Seniors’ Residence Nursery / a/ LTA [Photograph]. Cure de Notre Dame de Lourdes, 26 Route de Rennes, 44300 Nantes, France. (Originally photographed 2013, De-

cember 27) Figure 11. Gremsy, H. (2014, November 11). Farming Kindergarten / Vo Trong Nghia Architects [Photograph]. Biên Hòa, Dong Nai, Vietnam.

Figure 12. Maggi, M. (n.d.). Kindergarten in Guastalla / Mario Cucinella Architects [Photograph]. 42016 Guastalla RE, Italy. (Originally photographed 2015, October 14).

Figure 13. Xystudio. (2015, October 22). Yellow Elephant Kindergarten xystudio [Photograph]. Ostrow Mazowiecka, Poland.

Figure 14. Tezuka Architects. (2007). Fuji Kindergarten Tezuka Architect [Photograph]. Tachikawa near Tokyo, Japan.

ALL OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS ARE BY ANASTASIA PODOLSKAYA

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TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: REFERENCE Figure 3. PALM SPRINGS ANIMAL CARE FACILITY Swatt | Miers Architects

Figure 4. ANTI-CRUELTY SOCIETY - CHICAGO Stanley Tigerman Architects

Figure 5. STONNINGTON POUND DEVELOPMENT Architecture Matters

Figure 6. NURSING AND RETIREMENT HOME Dietger Wissounig Architekten

Figure 7. PADRE RUBINOS Elsa Urquijo Arquitectos

Figure 8. MONCONSEIL RETIREMENT HOME Atelier Zundel & amp; Cristea

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TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: REFERENCE Figure 9. SENIOR CENTER OF GUANGXI Atelier Alter

Figure 10. SENIORS’ RESIDENCE + NURSERY LTA

Figure 11. FARMING KINDERGARTEN Vo Trong Nghia Architects

Figure 12. KINDERGARTEN IN GUASTALLA Mario Cucinella Architects

Figure 13. YELLOW ELEPHANT KINDERGARTEN XYstudio

Figure 14. FUJI KINDERGARTEN Tezuka Architect

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