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[PROJECTING ALBANIA] Ideas generated from research and thesis works 2011-2014 autor: POLIS UNIVERSITY copyright: POLIS UNIVERSITY printed by: layout & design: Dea Buza collaborator students: Xhorxho Kita; Rigers Murati; Madalena Canaj; Efijeni Kokedhima; Shega Erebara; Viola Deti; Jona Osmanaj POLIS UNIVERSITY contact: Rr. Bylis 12, Autostrada Tiranë-Durrës, Km 5, Kashar Kodi Postar 1051, Kutia Postare 2995 Tiranë, Albania Tel: +355 (0)4.2407420 / +355.(0)4.2407421 Fax: +355 (0)4.2407422 Mob: +355 (0) 69 40 88 111 Email: contact@universitetipolis.edu.al Website: www.universitetipolis.edu.al
ACKNOWLEGMENT POLIS University is a private university founded in 2006 as a spinoff entity of Co-PLAN / Institute for Habitat Development, a non for profit organization established since 1995. POLIS represents an experimental, avant-garde, and progressive university with main focus on raising human capacities in fields of architecture, urban planning, art design, environmental studies, energy efficiency and civil engineering. It was in 2011 that the first generation of POLIS students graduated, and most of the graduates were soon after employed at public and private administration or self-employed in their own private studios. The publication presented is a modest summary of the ideas coming from Research Thesis Works of the graduates of Bachelor Programs (3-year programs, full-time, 180 ECTS); Professional Masters Programs (2 year-programs, part-time, 90 ECTS), Master of Science Programs (2 year-programs, full time, 120 ECTS) and Integrated Master of Science Programs (5 year-programs, full-time, 300 ECTS). On the occasion of this publication POLIS University would like to acknowledge the great role of the academic staff and tutors, the hard and excellent work of students, and all passion and commitment of their families and support staff. We have joined efforts and are doing our best to build a better country and fairer society and to do this we have chosen the way of investing in human capital because we strongly believe that it is through this investment that the progress and development of this country will come.
U_PO Dr. Prof. Besnik Aliaj, POLIS University Rector Doc. Sotir Dhamo POLIS University Administrator Dear friends of POLIS,
In these few lines, we would like
er became an institution of training and
to share with you some values, ideas, and
a promoter of good governance, author
efforts that led us to the establishment of
of many projects thanks to the assistance
POLIS and its further consolidation as an
of international and local funding. In this
institution of education and alternative
sense, as an institution, POLIS is a reflec-
intellectual ideas. Together with other
tion of how we have tried to involve,
co-founder colleagues of POLIS, mem-
work, and learn. Within its extended fam-
bers of the “generation of changes” in the
ily, Polis has already generated several
’90s, we were all witnesses and partici-
initiatives, social movements and trends
pants of the events that occurred in Al-
of different natures which aim to bring
bania before and after the change. Con-
new perspectives to society.
sidering this, POLIS aims to test the social
An important role here is also played
impact of a new generation of alterna-
by the academic processes and scien-
tively educated students in the fields of
tific works, including thesis works from
architecture, urban and environmental
the graduation process. Although this is
planning, applied design, and engineer-
just the beginning, through these tools
ing. Thus, Polis tries to influence the en-
POLIS has created discussions and de-
tire society by viewing the educational
bates on topics almost untouched by
process as a form of optimism which
Albanian society in relevant professional
enables continuity and growth through
fields of design and city sciences, making
the transmission of knowledge and con-
younger generation realize that there
fidence to students. We would not con-
are many ways of solving concrete prob-
sider our job complete if we transmit to
lems. Opening the mind and a positive
our students expertise and passion only
approach to problems are an important
in these areas; above all, we must equip
part of the transmission of “secret knowl-
students with the ability to transform
edge” and its translation into action. In
such fields in Albania.
essence, we strongly believe in the real
possibility of positive change and growth
Trust in the concept of part-
nership, processes and debate, practical
of the Albanian society!
experience at a higher academic level,
are the basis of the DNA inherited from
as an expert group bringing alternative
Co-PLAN, a community-based organiza-
ideas to development policies; we think
tion founded in the early ‘90s which lat-
that policy is not only done by the politi-
POLIS aims to set an example
OLIS cians but needs professional expertise. In
ademic circles and associations of higher
the Albanian context, in which scientific
education in Europe. This is also reflected
research with practical value has so far
in the recently granted “Research Uni-
been discontinued and does not corre-
versity’ status and the certification of the
spond to the international standards, for
programmatic and institutional accredi-
POLIS and the generation of researchers
tation.
and talented young people, research and
innovation are a way to help develop-
but it has a clear social mission deter-
ment. This is why POLIS aims to go be-
mined by its origin. The university in-
yond its academic role as an institution.
cludes many volunteering and social
To do this, beside two faculties, it has
responsibility activities, expressed in the
now established also the Research and
assistance provided for marginalized
Development Institute(RDI), as well as a
local authorities and people in need, in
experimental center for innovation (IF).
the assistance provided to local govern-
The complexity of issues of Albanian re-
ments and the governments in general,
ality is among the most challenging, and
through volunteer work and assistance
their confrontation with the expertise
which is manifested in free consultancy
and the international consultancy of ac-
projects, awareness campaigns on social
ademic institutions becomes even more
problems, etc. Similarly important to us
complex. Such exchange and confron-
is the educational and research motto ‘…
tation with international partners with
Being good professional means first of all
whom POLIS has established institutional
to know how to give love to people…’. In
partnerships, will enable us to overcome
this regard POLIS is a long term project,
the “monopoly of mind” which still “holds
in which we want to share our modest
hostage” the knowledge and information
efforts with others because we believe
in Albania and isolates it from younger
that in this way we can better achieve our
generations. Beyond that, we strongly
social mission!
believe in the ability to bring innovation
to our areas of interest and to impact so-
tion that in order to change the world,
ciety. Therefore thesis research works has
one must dream. Thus, do not hesitate to
been one important instrument. All these
join us sharing our space for thought!
factors made POLIS a reference point within the country, with the respect of ac-
POLIS is a private institution
We continue to hold the convic-
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Environmental Studies 2015 - 2016 Elmaz Bendo.............................................................8 “ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN BOVILLA RESERVOIR”
Festina Mejzini..........................................................9 “ENVIROMENTAL CONDITION IN GJAKOVA MUNICIPALITY, KOSOVO, PROBLEMS AND REHABILITATION OPPORTUNITIES”
Renisa Pogoni........................................................10 “EVALUATION OF URBAN GREEN LANDSCAPE IN TIRANA, IN FUNCTION OF HEALTH AND WELFARE OF CITIZENS”
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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN BOVILLA RESERVOIR Student: Supervisor:
Elmaz Bendo Gjergji Ikonomi
Bovilla is a water reservoir which is used to supply drinking water for the major part of Tirana city. The water of this reservoir is a water with a very good quality, with the characteristics of drinking water, under the norms of international health organizations. But within the last two years, a common phenomen has rised; an unpleasant smell in the drinking water caused by the presence of algaeas at the bottom of the basin. In the below material will be given the causes of this phenomen, few measures to be taken for reducing it, and the final proposal for the end to this unpleasant condition, resulting in bringing Bovilla in its previous condition, to a heally water for communal needs. This implant to work in the
designed parameters should the water in the lake to be in the normal conditions, but also the environment of the cup around the reservoir be protected from pollution and different agents that interfere negatively, otherwise the impiant will work reinforced with problems with reflection in cost. Bovilla reservoir is greatest work of water supply for drinking water in our country. This study identifies, introduces and proposes measures for the conservation of this complex condition as sanitary as well as by natural it. On the other hand he represents all the environmental situation, mainly social problems and those that can be improved, together with the relevant conclusions.
ENVIROMENTAL CONDITION IN GJAKOVA MUNICIPALITY, KOSOVO, PROBLEMS AND REHABILITATION OPPORTUNITIES Student: Supervisor:
Festina Mejzini Elizabeta Susaj
Gjakova Municipality is one of the most important administrative units of Kosovo, which lies in the western part of Kosovo, at the geographical coordinates of 42o23’N 20o26’E / 42o38’N 20o23’E. The center of the Municipality is Gjakova City, a well known center of craft and trade under the name Jakova since at the XV century. Gjakova Municipality lies between the Çabrat Hill (Kodrës së Çabratit), in the west, River Lukac in the east, and River Erenik in the south and south-west. River Krena river crosses through the city. The population of the municipality in 2015 was about 154 556 inhabitants, while the city of Gjakova accounted about 95 thousand inhabitants. Gjakova contains a numerous of the cultural heritage monuments, such as the Mosque Hadum, the old market or Grand Bazaar (known as Çarshia e Madhe), which is the heart of the economical performance for Gjakova - a city of tourism, trade and handicrafts, region of Junik, Highlands of Gjakova (Malësinë e Gjakovës), as well as
the northern part of Albania. Prior to 1990, in the Municipality of Gjakova exercised their activity a large number of industrial activities, such as the agro-food industry, the confection and knitwear industry, metal-working, the textile industry, construction, factory of electro-motors “Gorenje”, the brick factory, the tobacco factory, etc., some of which stopped functioning after the Kosovo War. Closed industrial activities, the free movement of people from other areas of Kosovo, unplanned urban development, etc., are followed by different actual environmental issues for citizens and municipal decision-makers. Water pollution of rivers that cross Gjakova, as a result of a bad management of waste, soil pollution, air pollution, etc., are today more actual than ever. Protection of natural resources takes a double importance, since it is related to the sustainable environmental development of three areas: economy, society and environment.
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EVALUATION OF URBAN GREEN LANDSCAPE IN TIRANA, IN FUNCTION OF HEALTH AND WELLFARE OF CITIZENS Student: Supervisor:
Renisa Pogoni .Elizabeta Susaj
Numerous recent studies all over the world have emphasized the importance of access and use of green spaces on the health and welfare of the population. Study on evaluation of urban green landscape in Tirana, in view of the health and welfare of citizens, was conducted during the period November 2015 - June 2016. The used methodology consisted on the collecting of data from local and central institutions for the green urban spaces and morbidity, as well as, interviewing citizens about their concepts on the green urban spaces and their impact on health and wellbeing of the population. As a result of the expansion of urban areas, green spaces in the city of Tirana have been decreasing year by year, resulting in 0.8 m2/capita, very far from the target of 3 m2/capita which is planned at the Regulation of the General Plan of the Municipality of Tirana, according to the Council of Ministers Directive Nr. 312, 13.02.2013, and very far from the EU directives (9 m2/capita), where we intend to adhere. Observed results showed that 100% of
respondents have been using the public green spaces for physical activity, relax and entertainment. The interviewed individuals were as below: 5 respondents were at age 10-14, 35 respondents were at age 15-25 years old, 22 respondents were at age 25-40 years old, 30 respondents were at age 40-65 and 8 respondents were over 65 years. Fifty percent of the respondents used the public green areas 2-3 times a week, 40% once a week, and only 10% of them 4-5 times a week. About 75% of respondents were not satisfied with the maintenance of parks and gardens of the city and only 5% believe think that they were very well maintained. All respondents suggested the increase of the public green spaces in the city of Tirana. Ninety percent of the respondents were well informed about the importance of public green spaces and thought that the green landscape is related to their health, 80% of respondents do not feel comfortable with the current situation of the landscape and the public green spaces in Tirana.
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Environmental Studies 2015 - 2016 Aurora Aliu.................................................................14 ”ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN SEGMENT FROM SKORANA TO ESTUARY OF ERZENI RIVER, FOCUS ON THE DELTA RIVER.” Enida Llaka................................................................15 “ACOUSTIC POLLUTION IN NUMBER 5 ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT IN TIRANA”
Eugen DEDAJ ............................................................16 ”THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SMALL HYDROPOWER - CASE STUDY: SMALL HYDROPOWER AND FREE FLOW ON FAN RIVER, MIRDITË”
Nexhip Hysolakoj......................................................17 “ROLE OF BIODIVERSITY IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN THE WESTERN VLORA BAY”
Olgert Gjuzi..............................................................18 “ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE COUNTRY - DEPOSIT OF SOLID WASTE IN SHARRA”
Sadik Lumi..................................................................19 “THE LAND COVER ROLE BETWEEN THE AGRICULTURAL LAND, FOREST AND PASTURE: CASE STUDY AREA, MIRAS, KORÇË”
Silva Daku..................................................................20 “ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES VORA-KASHAR”
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ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN SEGMENT FROM SKORANA TO ESTUARY OF ERZENI RIVER, FOCUS ON THE DELTA RIVER Student: Supervisor:
Aurora Aliu Vezir Muharremaj
Identification of environmental problems of Skorana segment - delta Erzeni river, namely hydrodynamic problems, erosion, pollution, flooding.This theme is choosen for some reasons, that have to do with the fact that this is a widespread phenomen. Until now haven’t been serious studies and solution for these problems. Erosion of riverbanks, coastline erosion, pollution and flooding are visible phenomens that occur from improper use practices River (deforestation and the use of inertia), industry, agriculture, urban and industrial pollution. One of the most frequent occurrences of this river is precisely the phenomenon of flooding in the lower flow. In these conditions there is a need of an integrated study, also studying the past, seeing the current situation and the measuresmants needed to improve the situation and emergencies in the future.Identification of these problems is done on the ground where water samples were taken in different points of the segment and are making
the chemical analysis to see the quality and pollution of water. Also is made a detailed analysis of current vegetation, earth quantity calculations that need to be filled erosion, and potential risk of erosion. As a result of measures and recommendations we need to say that the placement of gabion wires and panels on the banks of the river will affect the reduction of erosion. Planting with native vegetation under certain scheme, divided by lines: New poplar 3 x 3m or 3x2m, 1x1m willow, reed root 30 x 30 cm. Implementation of this segment is expected to resolve the current problems of Skorana- delta river area and turn it back into a pattern area. Protection of riverbanks, continuous monitoring of effluent and pollution will affect not only to minimize the erosion of river and sea but also the protection of flora and fauna .Creating a new ecosystem which will revitalized area and will serve as a place for different sports like fishing, sailing boat and tourism, too.
ACOUSTIC POLLUTION IN NUMBER 5 ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT IN TIRANA
Student: Supervisor:
Enida LLAKA Gjergji Ikonomi
The following paper is an exploratory study paper, which seeks to explore the levels of noise and noise pollution in administrative unit no.5, Tirana. This paper has collected theoretical and practical data. For the realization of this work, have been conducted monitoring noise level at junctions, main streets, sensitive institutions, and as the instrument for making this measurements is used “suonometer”. It is carefully reviewed each studymade in Tirana with regard to noise pollution of this administrative unit. A very important element of this study is the questionnaire of residents or employees of this unit, in order to compare their perceptions with regard to noise levels as well as the results obtained from the monitoring results. The focus of this diploma thesis is to identify the impact of road traffic in the noise pollution of this administrative unit.
Collected results derived from the measurements, point to very high levels of noise during the day and during the night. From the questionnaire of residents, the road traffic is identified as the main cause of this pollution. Identified via questionnaire are also health problems of the inhabitants of the area: hearing problems; heart problems; headache; and especially communication problems. Based on the monitoring of noise, the most problematic areas of noise pollution are: the intersections of “Komuna e Parisit”, “Kristal Center” and “Vasil Shanto”. In the end of this paper are given recommendations regarding measures to be taken against traffic, in building of an appropriate infrastructure, in building of green barriers and the addition of new elements in sign.
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THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SMALL HYDROPOWER - CASE STUDY: SMALL HYDROPOWER AND FREE FLOW ON FAN RIVER, MIRDITË Student: Supervisor:
Eugen Dedaj Vezir Muharremaj
For the preparation of this study entitled: “THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SMALL HYDROPOWER CASE STUDY :SMALL HYDROPOWER AND FREE FLOW ON FAN RIVER, MIRDITE “, I focused on the environmental side of hydropower. I have provided basic information through literature, analyzing the maps and have reviewed the legal provisions during the rest is provided occasional field visits. I have followed closely the process of construction of hy-
dropower and I look closely at the effects that cause direct and indirect environmental, I conversed with local residents and authorities. Through this study aim to identify problems associated with the construction of the H / C-ve children in our country and negative impacts of adverse environmental consequences that cause them. I will develop a plan to mitigate impacts through analysis and scientific measures.
ROLE OF BIODIVERSITY IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN THE WESTERN VLORA BAY
Student: Supervisor:
Nexhip Hysolakoj Sherif Lushaj
Biodiversity is an important factor for the economic, social and environmental development, particularly in tourism development and further more in nature based tourism. Tourism sector is developed in accordance with the economic level, traditions, resources in disposal and based on the management capacity and implemented policies in each country. In Albania there are all the possibilities for the development of maritime tourism, based on the coastal line of the Adriatic and Ionian sea; mountain tourism, since 2/3 of the territory is mountainous; cultural tourism due to enriched cultural heritage throughout the country; and rural tourism where beside the natural aspect , the organic food products combined in traditional dishes makes the difference. Tourism sector is currently one of the most important economic activities in the western part of Vlora Bay. It is based on the geographic position values, impressive landscapes and cultural aspects but certainly is influenced by nature biodiversity. In terms of tourism development capacities these area has a lot more to offer to tourist. The study area is currently an important touristic
destination in Albania since it has a coast line of 75 km , the only peninsula of the country , forests and variety of geological and geographic formations, protected areas suitable for nature based tourism such as Llogara National Park etc But the western part of Vlora bay offers much more opportunities for the intensification of tourism development in order to: - Increase the number of tourists, turning this sector as base for national economy and the income of the population, but also to meet the demands for entrainment and recreational activities of the inhabitants. - Tourism also helps as an instrument to promote natural and cultural values and traditions of the area.- Have the possibilities to promote family tourism, sea, mountains, culture, etc. - To ensure the sustainable use natural and cultural values since these area is rich with important natural and cultural protected areas. Thus the protection of biodiversity in the study area will be the focus of the thesis analyze and will be taken in consideration as one of the best options or sustainable development.
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THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SMALL HYDROPOWER - CASE STUDY: SMALL HYDROPOWER AND FREE FLOW ON FAN RIVER, MIRDITË Student: Supervisor:
Olgert Gjuzi Petrit Harasani
During the past 26 years, Tirana has been facing a huge urban development where the population has quadrupled as a result of inner migration and free population movement. But with this process are also linked many negative factors that affect the environment, such as land usage, high consumption of natural resources, high energy consumption, deforestation and urban waste production. Solid urban wastage refer to different solid materials produced by family, industrial, agricultural and commercial activities. The generation of this kind of waste is a concern for the environment because of the impact it has. If this waste is not properly managed the results will be highly negative on our lives and the environmental stability. The management of urban waste is a challenge on itself for Tirana, because besides of population growth and urban development, the new administrative layout has increased the areas to be administered by the City Hall as the Dajt, Zall-Herr, Zall-Bastar, Shëngjergj, Bërzhite, Krrabë, Petrelë, Farkë, Baldushk, Pezë, Ndroq, Vaqarr and Kashar units have been added. With this area growth, the requirements for waste management increases too, as it is the City Hall’s respon-
sibility to gather and deposit the waste. But the City Hall now has the obligation to make the differentiated management of the waste, this as a result of the recycling sector’s development and awareness. The waste is now considered as a raw material which has had a great interest by the recycling companies but there haven’t yet been provided the proper infrastructures for differential treatment of the waste. The main purpose of this study is the evaluation of the environmental problematics caused by the process of the waste collection and depositing on Sharra landfill as the only landfill in Tirana. This study tries to bring a proper comparative base that will serve as a descriptive panorama for everyone interested in the environmental protection related to the integrated urban waste management and the possible improvements in this area. The study will highlight the main polluting resources and their impacts on the environment. At the end of this study we will reach on some conclusions and recommendations for the different ways to improve and soften the negative impacts on every day’s life and also improve the environment’s quality.
THE LAND COVER ROLE BETWEEN THE AGRICULTURAL LAND, FOREST AND PASTURE: CASE STUDY AREA, MIRAS, KORÇË Student: Supervisor:
Sadik Lumi Vezir Muharremaj
BThe thesis: “The impact of Cover the Earth and the balanced ratio between the agricultural, forest and pasture: Case study area Miras, Korça”, aims to compare and adopting the international system of classification to cover, land use system the FAO in terms of our country, as well as integrating land information and geographical information system (GIS). Also this classification system was developed specifically in the area of Miras, part of Korca Municipality. Cover the soil (terrain), it constitutes physical cover visible on the surface of a territory in a given period. While the use of land, characterized by all of the arrangements, and activities undertaken by man choosing the best option. Meanwhile, it established a direct link between land cover and use it. Land cover is one of the most important elements for the description and study of environmental and zoning during the
drafting of the general plan. After 1991, our country was carried out a radical reform on land, in terms of the right of ownership. In this sense, it requires information on land ownership to fit indicators. Besides planning and agricultural activities, they require more and more data on earth. Land information system can contribute to the formulation and implementation of policies such as taxation, land use planning and land protection. In the process of land use planning, as well as in policy development, the availability of data is a fundamental element of sustainable land management. The study reaches the last chapter in theory and practical conclusions, and provides advice applicable for use with optimal value, soil protection, sustainable use of potentials and environmental protection.
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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES VORA-KASHAR
Student: Supervisor:
Silva Daku Taulant Bino
Ecosystem services are important environmental issues that have been considered in many countries of the world. Too close connection with the environment makes the combination between ecosystem services and functions added by anthropogenic factors need for a good feasibility study and adaptability. The following case study has been selected because they have more similarities in the study area which will implement and We highlight ecosystem services in question. Their similarity is not only for the functions or environmental services that the area offers, but other factors such as climate, landscape and expansion in the Balkans, etc. Natural ecosystems provide multiple services, which comprise the local population living. Identify what are these natural ecosystem services Vora-Kashar and their importance will contribute to providing a better understanding of relations and ecosystem services they provide to them.
This research aims to assess the ecological goods and services provided by natural ecosystems located in the Vora-Kashar. Thanks to its environmental characteristics and cultural, natural ecosystem shows high potential that can generate benefits to both local and non-local people. Unfortunately, not all these values and all the benefits achievable by natural ecosystems are recognized by the institutions involved in the management of this ecosystem and the potential beneficiaries in general. There is full awareness of the importance of each asset or service guide, and it gives a result in suboptimal decisions on how resources are managed in the park Vora - Kashar. This study sought to shed light on the kinds of benefits that are not easily recognized because of goods not market, and to draw a more complete picture of the assets present in the park to help and to make policy decisions.
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Housing and Land Management 2015 - 2016 Eneida Çela...............................................................24 ”FOREST MANAGEMENT IN ALBANIA AFTER THE NEW ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL REFORM,CASE STUDY_THE MUNICIPALITY OF BERAT” Fluesa Selamaj...........................................................25 “LAND TITLING IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENT OF BATHORE AND THE PREVENTION OF GENTRIFICATION RISK. A COMPARATIVE AND EXPLORATIVE STUDY IN BATHORE, TIRANA.”
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FOREST MANAGEMENT IN ALBANIA AFTER THE NEW ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL REFORM,CASE STUDY_THE MUNICIPALITY OF BERAT Student: Supervisor:
Eneida Çela
Like in other countries of the world in Albania different methods of forest management are the focus of research. Regardless of the level of development, structural problems in the countries and governments that possess the legal power to manage the forest are similar. As a result of administrative-territorial reform, the transfer of forest resources by the central government municipalities (administrative units), leads to the need for forest management at the local level. At the same time, new municipalities have been and continue to be unprepared to
play the role of forest management in larger areas due to the expansion of new municipalities. The purpose of this paper is to assess the situation of forest management at the local level, in Albania, referring to forest management practices in developed countries. I intend to evaluate the progress of forest management in Albania, analyze and recommend the most appropriate options for the management of forest resources at the municipal level after administrative-territorial reform.
LAND TITLING IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENT OF BATHORE AND THE PREVENTION OF GENTRIFICATION RISK. A COMPARATIVE AND EXPLORATIVE STUDY IN BATHORE, TIRANA Student: Supervisor:
Fluesa Selamaj Dritan Shutina
Dealing with informality is a big challenge, depending on the reasons behind which it had been caused and the policy focus to address the problem. Referring to the policy strategy and the large scale of the informal development in Albania, the impact of the legalization process on gentrification is the main focus of this research. More specifically, this study is focused on the assessment of gentrification risk in informal settlement of Bathore, representing a consolidated large scale informal settlement. The research has explorative nature when assessing the gentrification risk on Bathore area through door-to-door in depth interviews, and comparative outlook with other similar policies of different nation experiences, and it appropriates both a qualitative and quantitative approach in data collection. Similar policies as in Latin America have been applied in Albanian, but the main policy addressing the informality problem is the legalization process. A more specific situation is found on Bathore informal settlement, passing through the upgrading program and legalization process. For assessing the gentrification risk in Bathore the research is based on explorative nature referring to the lack of the academic studies linking informality to the gentrification phenomenon in Albania. To have accurate and realistic outcomes through exploration, the comparison between two sample areas within Bathore informal settlement, representing two different regularization approaches, is needed.
Area 1 represent an area going through just legalization process, and Area 2 where the upgrading process had occurred and legalization process is occurring. This comparison was needed for a better understanding of the factors behind gentrification risk. The similarities of the regularization programs in Albania with the Latin America experience have settled the comparative context of this research study. The comparison between the regularization programs outcomes on Bathore/Albania and Latin America experience have helped to take in consideration the lessons learned from different experiences and to conclude the final conclusions and recommendations. This research reveals that the regularization programs in the Albanian context does not have the same unexpected outcomes relating to the gentrification phenomenon, even some similar outcomes about policy objectives does exist. The fact that the gentrification phenomenon had not occurred does not eliminate the risk of gentrification in the future, based on the outcomes referring the low incomes, education and occupation level, which indicate the risk of displacement of the residents from their neighborhoods. On preventive side issues to be considered are: to ensure the economic and social integration of Bathore community, intervention should be on the professional education for the residents having in mind that the area population is composed by younger unskilled residents.
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Spatial Planning and GIS Application 2015 - 2016 Erblin Reka.................................................................28 ”PLANNING AND REHABILITATION OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE BOULEVARD ELEZ ISUFI. MOBILITY AND FLUXES IN THE CITY” Florent Abrashi...........................................................29 “APPLICATION OF GIS IN MODELING INFORMATION ON AIR QUALITY IN TIRANA” Florjan Ramku.............................................................30 ”TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN DISTRICT DIBER. REAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY- THROUGH TOURISM” Sovjana Bajrami........................................................31 “TOWARDS THE END OF LEGALIZATION PROCESS IN THE CITY OF DURRES”
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PLANNING AND REHABILITATION OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE BOULEVARD ELEZ ISUFI. MOBILITY AND FLUXES IN THE CITY Student: Supervisor:
Erblin Reka Dorina Papa
The problems of pedestrian and the importance of walking in urban design are being present at every time. To analyze that there is a deep aproach into some physiological and psychological factors that affect planning and design of pedestrian spaces (FRUIN, Mar 20 1972)1. Characteristics spaces of pedestiran and traffic are developed in details to understand pedestrian traffic relationship. Descriptions of pedonal traffic are combined at human spaces possibilities providing a useful for evaluating the environmental design in relation in quality of pedestrian building and street spaces.
Study procedures, the objectives, the method implementation are explained and in theoritical and project is supplemented by ilustrative examples giving the oportunity for discussion . Also, some of programs try to improve in relations of the pedestrian are reviewed. It is intended that this project aims to create an enabling environment for the creation of a pedestrian that would affect the improvement in all levels of development of the life of citizens.
APPLICATION OF GIS IN MODELING INFORMATION ON AIR QUALITY IN TIRANA
Student: Supervisor:
Florent Abrashi Dorina Papa
This study treats its interior issues that are related to environmental information, ways of disseminating information and finding innovative new ways to increase the performance of public information on the issue of air pollution in Tirana The study is divided into two main parts. In the first part study deals with general aspects of information on environmental issues in Albania, while the second part makes implementation, application of GIS application in informing air pollution in Tirana.
The study is a summary of all the legal and institutional aspects on the issue of informing the public on environmental issues and in particular that of air pollution in Tirana. This study is a serious effort to be a pilot of how GIS can be applied in air quality information in Tirana, providing an accurate, fast and accessible to all stakeholders The final product will be an application of GIS in public information of air quality in Tirana, which is provided quick in time, efficient, and georefered for every point of the city.
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STRATEGY OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN DIBERA DISTRICT, REAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY- THROUGH TOURISM Student: Supervisor:
Florjan Ramku Saimir Kristo
District of Dibra is a geographical space with rich tourism assets in Albania. Given the fact that it had been inhabited since antiquity until nowadays, generation after generation has inherited a great cultural wealth. The existence of the diversity of cultural monuments as: archaeological, architectural, historical and religious monuments: folk wealth, traditions, etc. Sequential testify to settlements and population in this space. Along with other economic activities which deals population (agriculture and light industry and processing), the tourism sector is considered by residents as an important source of income, to increase their welfare. Tourism is important for the sustainable development of the district. A variety of monuments of culture, civilization, traditional hospitality, constitute a strong attraction for local and foreign tourists. Tourists and foreign researchers are very interested in tourism assets, objects of cultural monuments, museums, apartments and objects
of worship (churches, mosques) as for the rich folklore, traditional costumes, festivals and local traditions, etc. Asete tourist attendance, being supported by significant investments in tourism infrastructure and gradually turns into an important source of economic growth, for the community. Intervention in the reconstruction and rehabilitation of these assets and a good management I would bring an improvement in the situation in which these assets are. Construction of tourist villages in tourist zones according to legislation approved by the government would improve the quality of tourist accommodation. Weekly and a daily itinerary organized by tourist agencies and awareness for local residents for values that these assets have would improve tourist activity. Proposed specific measures to improve the tourism product in local governance presented as an alternative for a sustainable socio-economic development.
TOWARDS THE END OF LEGALIZATION PROCESS IN THE CITY OF DURRES
Student: Supervisor:
Sovjana Bajrami Dorina Papa
Over the past decades, urban growth dynamics, experiences of instability, the pressing need for housing as a result of internal migration has made the issue of informality quite a dominating phenomenon since 2000 and later in Albanian. Between World War II (1945) and the early 1990s, Albania had a centralized economy and internal migration was strictly controlled; the majority of society had to live in the rural areas. The change of the political system in the 1990 favored internal migration, mostly from northern and eastern part to western and essentially in coastal areas like Durres, Vlore etc. The reasons of this internal exodus were clear: Poverty, Unemployment, Opportunities for children’s schooling, Northern climate etc. This situation has created challenges in many cities, especially in Tirana and Durres with the highest number
on informal dwellers. This study presents a typology of informal settlements in Durres city, characteristics, obstacles and the speed with which the legalization process is being realized; proposals to accelerate the process in the Durres city. It explores the solution to respond the slowness of the legalization development process in the city of Durres. Which are the main obstacles that have slowed down the process of legalization up to now and how to remove them? Furthermore, it provides in-depth information of informality in Albania, characteristics of informal settlements, typology and challenges associated with this phenomenon in Albania. By observing in comparative ways the history, obstacles and challenges of countries with similar background will face these factors from Balkan countries.
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Urban Managment & Urban Planning 2015 - 2016 Alda Subashi..............................................................34 ”ECOTURISM DEVELOPMENT IN CORRIDOR KUKËS-PESHKOPI-LIBRAZHD”
Fjordi Mata................................................................35 “WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT AND REVITZLIZATION. THE CASE OF THE TIRANA RIVER” Besjana Qaja............................................................36 ”ROLE OF CLUSTER IN DEVELOPMENT ISSUES OF AGRICULTURE IN THE LOCAL ECONOMY”
Eda Geci.....................................................................38 “DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE ALBANIAN ALPS, VALBONA VALLEY” Era Nano ...................................................................39 “TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS IN CITY PLANNING AND VISIONING. SISM CITY PROGRAM IN VISUALIZE AND REHABILITATION PLAN OF GJANICA”
Ina Brata....................................................................40 “CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF TOTAL DOMESTIC PLAN SHKODER”
Iva Tavanxhiu.............................................................41 “CONCEPTUAL VISUALIZATION TOOLS FOR THE EXPRESSION OF VISIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TERRITORIAL PLANNING PROCESS IN ALBANIA”
Ledio Çapo................................................................42 “REGIONAL PLANNING, INTERMEDIATE STEP FOR REGIONALIZATION OF ALBANIA. CASE REGION OF FIER”
Sindi Haxhija..............................................................43 “ROLE OF GREEN NETWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH MANAGEMENT IN ALBANIA. CASE STUDY: SHKODRA MUNICIPALITY”
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ECOTURISM DEVELOPMENT IN CORRIDOR KUKËS-PESHKOPI-LIBRAZHD Student: Supervisor:
Alda Subashi Sherif Lushaj
In this research study will see ecotourism as an indicator of the impact on the corridor development Kukes - Peshkopi - Librazhd. Research will focus on municipalities Kukes - Peshkopi - Bulqizë - Libazhd to evaluate the development of the region shaped corridor. Also, it will present an analysis of existing and potential natural, agricultural, to reach some recommendations and proposals for a sustainable development of the region of Kukes - Peshkopi - Librazhd, the basic concept of ecotourism corridor. Tourism is a major component of economic growth, where is the incentive for sustainable development. Ecotourism is a model of sustainable tourism development, because
it brings together different types of tourism about a general notion that the natural environment. We will see that ecotourism means “natural tourism, adventurous tourism, appropriate tourism, responsible tourism, etc. He has a significant positive impact in the community and contribute to its sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to show how tourism contributes to the sustainable development of the region. So, the whole study is based on analyzing the problems in the peripheral-eastern region, as an underdeveloped region and can develop into form on the basis of ecotourism corridor.
WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT AND REVITZLIZATION. THE CASE OF THE TIRANA RIVER Student: Supervisor:
Fjordi Mata Godiva Rembeci
“Occupation” of areas around water bodies is a widespread phenomenon in Albania since the 90s. This phenomenon is associated with an uncontrolled development that has led to degradation of areas due to lack of infrastructure and plans as well as the pollution of water bodies. This research will be divided into three phases: 1. Analysis of water as an essential element for life; 2. History of civilization based on the element of water since antiquity, up to the present day as a leading element in the creation of recreational space; 3. Analysis of the water issue in the Albanian context and defining a guiding area which will be a sample of water usage for a recreational spaces. The methodology to be used for gathering information will be; Qualitative, (which will include documents, studies, reports and analysis of maps of different plans about the area and water issues). Also in this phase will be necessary observations in the field and questionnaire which will give more detailed data for the area; Quantitative (which will analyze data on water globally and the country) Also in
this phase will be necessary to gather and produce some data that can detail the situation of the area. Theoretical Analysis on the Development of Waterfront as a new phenomenon which has opened up a worldwide discussion since the 1960s will be a key focus. In this section, in addition to analyzing the phenomenon and its components will be analyzing case studies whose elements can fit into the selected are the “Tirana River”. Different analysis will be made also on Tirana as a post-socialist city, comparing it with other city in the same situation in order to understand and try get element that can be useful for the success of Tirana. Finally to conclude the area will be improved from water pollution and environmental condition, the existing situation and infrastructure construction, and connection to the rest of the city with the area. Design guidelines will be based on the above conclusions and will be made in the context of components needed for Waterfront Development, to transform the Tirana River a relaxation area and entertainment space that will bring a big change to the image of the area in order to become a part of the city. The research will end with a concrete project for the area.
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ROLE OF CLUSTER IN DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN LOCAL ECONOMY Student: Supervisor:
Besjana Qaja Godiva Rembeci
Over recent years, the concept of cluster has become a central concept to analyze the competitiveness of countries, industries and firms located concept. Population in cluster consists of business units, associations, public-private organizations, and public organizations. Clusters are ‘centered around “a specialty of special economic, that can be considered as ‘core’ of the notion of them. Clusters in many countries have become the engine of economic development of the regions. The creation and support practices cluster in Albania is not just a concept more economical, but a practice necessary to be comparable and competitive markets as a regional but also beyond. Given this can be applied usefully to study grouping impact of activities in the region where they are positioned. In the case of Albania has been duly noted this notion by not seeing that the operating regions through this view by bringing and its benefits to the economy from the potential they carry. The purpose of this research is to analyze the local economy and propose a model
of the organization of economic cluster in the agricultural sector’s exploiting development opportunities and geographical position. Referring to the case of the Municipality of Shkodra, which is one of the main municipalities in the northern region of Albania and other relevant urban centers: Malësia e Madhe, Lezha, Vau Dejës, Tropojë, and smaller centers between them. This concept can be developed being favored by the fact that the Municipality of Shkodra limited and Montenegro. The structure and logic of this research is to understand first what are the economic groups, who are the authors who have studied this theory, as they are applied in other countries and what success they had on their performance. Second it is to analyze the region where this model can be applied to structured analysis based on the elements that make up an economic grouping. Third is shaping model including all components that exist in the region and can become part of the economic group.
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DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE ALBANIAN ALPS, VALBONA VALLEY Student: Supervisor:
Eda Geci Sherif Lushaj
Valbona River Valley, in the north of Albania is a tourist area called the river Valbona Valley which is developing day by day due to the wild beauty that characterizes this northern region. It is to be considered the fact that this area is under increasing tourism in the area of this region, and consequently the national economy. • Valbona River Valley offers tourists stroll not only during the month of summer but also during the winter season. • Of special interest to tourists represent visits to churches, museums and towers in the area. • The topography of this region is quite favorable because locals can best guide the tourists who are eager to explore how superficial passing zones in the deeper ones. • Development of tourism helps and allows rritejen investment which in cooperation with the competent authority responsible for the
region Kukes are able to adjust and adapt the movement as comfortable tourists increasing in this way directly the number of their seasons next. • Increased infrastructure will not only serve to tourism but also in welfare locals, after recent years not only in the north but throughout Albania has noticed the phenomenon of migration and emigration are depleted in this way and and livelihoods of residents. “Agritourism” • Philosophy of agro aims to increase the incomes of farmers and quality of life of rural society. • Agritourism is a special form of tourism, which in itself rural culture as a tourist attraction. • Agritourism looks almost similar to ecotourism except that its primary goal is not just nature, but “landscape”.
TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS IN CITY PLANNING AND VISIONING. SISM CITY PROGRAM IN VISUALIZE AND REHABILITATION PLAN OF GJANICA Student: Supervisor:
Era Nano Godiva Rembeci
Albania emerged from a totalitarian system in 1990 and is facing immediate challenges and chaotic urbanization . urban plans and planning processes are processes that need time factor . Planet generate early theories rely on inherited legislation and insufficient to meet the needs of delicate rrirura income after the change of the system. With the development of lending practices and elements used in the world and succeed in creating përshtshëm new legislation and instruments , in accordance with our terms of urbanization . These instruments need for coordination between them and the time factor the need to test their operation This study presents an analysis of the computer simulation, SimCity, and its application for the first time as the instrument used in the context of urban planning in Albania. SimCity (developed by Maxis) provides analysis of human factors, economic factors, survival factors, political factors that are seen as opportunities and constraints
for the designer. In addition, there are maps and multiple modulation analytics to monitor models ëdorimit land, zoning, demographics, pollution, and other factors, during the simulation program and alignment of objectives. Simulation also allows the user to manipulate tax rates and levels of funding for the simulation is possible qytetin.Gjatë be observed Immediate implementation of urban policy from the real situation through the emergency skills program and analysis of the factors that have led us not planevetë implementation of 5 previous reports. Consequently, this study will contribute to giving some recommendations for the effective implementation of plans in the drafting and the feasibility of achieving project success. Projects of various scales find application in Albania for the city Sims instruments used currently can implement some aspects sims city offers implementing effectively both a variety of instruments and decision making.
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CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF TOTAL DOMESTIC PLAN SHKODER Student: Supervisor:
Ina Brata Godiva Rembeci
This degree is focused on the second level of territorial planning, local general plan. The administrative Unit which will be taken in the analysis is the Municipality of Shkodra. The documents used are materials prepared by the Municipality of Shkodra with technical support of Polis University, Metropolis Sh.p.k, Arizona State University, under the guidance of the President of the Municipality of Shkodra, Mrs. Voltana Ademi and with the financial support of the Ministry of Urban Development and the National Agency for Territorial Planning. This article attempts to make an overall review of the local plan of Shkodra. One of the main changes that the plan and the strategic projects brings in the territory, are the changes of the territorial systems. As a result of the implementation of the vision and development plan and strategic projects in the territory, it is expected to have potential changes of territorial systems, ie land conversions from one system to another. These conversions / transformations can occur on the basis of proposals of land use plan and infrastructure, as well as, through some legal procedures established in sectoral legislation in force. In advance for each of the stages has been
done a short summary of the material features and explained the process that has accompanied it. Through this have been reached a conclusion after assessing the goal of each stage.
CONCEPTUAL VISUALIZATION TOOLS FOR THE EXPRESSION OF VISIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TERRITORIAL PLANNING PROCESS IN ALBANIA Student: Supervisor:
Iva Tavanxhiu Ledio Allkja
Spatial Planning nowadays is taking a more comprehensive approach. Concepts such communicative planning, collaborative planning and participatory planning quickly found the way to be involved in the planning processes and literature, introducing the fact that the border between providers and users of plans is not very clear. Modern methods and techniques of planning should thus facilitate cooperation between different stakeholders during the planning stages. Using visualization techniques to territorial planning is widely practiced today in countries around the world by contributing in various different levels of urban planning. Visualization fa-
cilitates the perception of thoughts and objectives of planning alternatives and thus helps in communicating the plan to various groups. This is a research study on the conceptual visualization tools to express visions that are being developed within the territorial planning. The planning system in Albania is going through some important changes in terms of planning ideology and practices. There is a clear move from a more urban regulatory planning approach to a more spatial planning approach. This change in the planning system, needs also to be met by the appropriate measures and tools.
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REGIONAL PLANNING, INTERMEDIATE STEP FOR REGIONALIZATION OF ALBANIA. CASE REGION OF FIER
Student: Supervisor:
Ledio Çapo Rudina Toto
Regionalization is a phenomenon which is spoken much in the late twentieth century as a tool to achieve decentralization. The region is a form of spatial organization which enables economic development and the link between territory, politics and economy. Changes in governance systems from dictatorship to democracy inherited a high fragmentation of local government units. Aiming decentralization the government undertook reforms to new ways of administering the territory, and thereform for the first level was successfully concluded. An unsolved phenomenon today has to do with the reform for the second level of local govern-
ment. County, an inefficient governance concept, today is left without functions and without territory to manage. Government efforts to render county more functional brought overlapping competences and unnecessary inflation of the instruments. This study aims to contribute towards the process of regionalization of Albania achieved through coordination between planning and regional development as an intermediate step for regionalization. This will materialize in recommending regional development projects. This study will focus and work on Fier region as an example for other regions.
ROLE OF GREEN NETWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH MANAGEMENT IN ALBANIA. CASE STUDY: SHKODRA MUNICIPALITY Student: Supervisor:
Sindi Haxhija Ledio Allkja
As a pattern of growth, sprawl is often criticized for its extensive negative impacts. These impacts range from economic costs to health and environmental problems. There is a growing demand for new settlements in and around urban areas due to social, economic and population factors. However, this can lead to the loss of agricultural land and green spaces that provide essential ecosystem services and contribute to the wellbeing of local people. This even due to the fact that most of the population is moving toward urban areas. The neccessity for more urban areas is in a growing demand, mostly because of the lack of services and functions provided in the rural ones. Since everything is happening really fast, urban planning policies and standards hasn’t been taken in consideration during the last period of urban development in Albania. Informal urban sprawl has caused a lot of damages in areas sorrounding the cities, leading to deterioration in terms of investments in the rural ones as well as informality. Albania used to have the ‘yellow line’ system hailing from its Socialist
Regime - limiting urban development beyond a designated boundary for all municipalities. This is an attempt to control urban sprawl by mandating that the area inside the boundary be used for higher density urban development and the area outside be used for lower density development. However this is nowadays outdated since it has not resulted as an effective policy for urban containment. Due to this fact new policies to stop sprawl towards undesired areas is seen as an urgent need. Therefore the concept of green infrasstructure will be implemented in this research, in order to see how it can help cities develope in smart way. More than just a rigid presumption against development, will be seen as a new zonning system which encourage innovative uses that generate investment in environmental and community benefits in keeping with the principles of sustainable development. They can provide local food growing areas. and spaces for play and recreation. Can be used to protect our agriculture and, perhaps in some cases, for energy production.