egzamin ósmoklasisty z języka angielskiego
gr8 Sentence Building
Układanie fragmentów zdań
Bartłomiej Paszylk
egzamin ósmoklasisty z języka angielskiego
Sentence Building Układanie fragmentów zdań
Bartłomiej Paszylk
Bielsko-Biała 2020
Polonsky Iwona Polońska-Ociepa al. Armii Krajowej 141 m. 2A 43-300 Bielsko-Biała Poland www.polonsky.pl Copyright © 2020 by Polonsky First published 2020 ISBN 978-83-63630-30-0
GR8. Egzamin ósmoklasisty z języka angielskiego format devised by Roman Ociepa All exercises in units 1-60 by Bartłomiej Paszylk All examples and word lists in units 1-54 by Roman Ociepa Form tables compiled by Roman Ociepa Cover & layout designed by Agata Korzeńska / IDEE.PL Edited by Roman Ociepa Typeset in Source Sans Pro by Luba Ristujczina / www.studiolitera.pl Proofread by Paulina Kielan / www.pre-tekst.com
The publisher would like to thank the following from the Noun Project for their kind permission to reproduce their icons: ATOM (idea, flag and exclamation mark).
Printed in Poland
Copyright All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Under no circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied for resale.
Contents / Spis treści Wstęp ...........................................................................................................9 O autorze....................................................................................................10 Podziękowania............................................................................................10 Oznaczenia użyte w książce.........................................................................10
Grammar Structures / Zagadnienia gramatyczne....... 11
01
Be – Present Simple and Past Simple................................................12 Be w czasie teraźniejszym i przeszłym
02
Have got and had.............................................................................14 Have got i had
03
Object pronouns.............................................................................16 Zaimki osobowe w formie dopełnienia
04
Possessive pronouns.......................................................................18 Zaimki dzierżawcze
05
Possessive adjectives......................................................................20 Zaimki dzierżawcze występujące z rzeczownikami
06
Reflexive pronouns.........................................................................22 Zaimki zwrotne
07
Other pronouns and adverbs...........................................................24 Inne zaimki i przysłówki
08
Demonstrative adjectives................................................................26 Przymiotniki wskazujące
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09
Ability, permission and requests.....................................................28 Umiejętność, pozwolenie i prośby
10
Advice, suggestions, offers and requests..........................................30 Rady, propozycje, oferty i prośby
11
Prohibition, obligation and lack of obligation..................................32 Zakaz, obowiązek i brak obowiązku
12
Possibility and probability...............................................................34 Możliwość i prawdopodobieństwo
13
Present Simple................................................................................36 Czas Present Simple
14
Present Continuous.........................................................................38 Czas Present Continuous
15
Present Perfect Simple....................................................................40 Czas Present Perfect Simple
16
Past Simple 1...................................................................................42 Czas Past Simple 1 Past Simple 2..................................................................................44 Czas Past Simple 2
17
Past Continuous..............................................................................46 Czas Past Continuous
18
Past Perfect.....................................................................................48 Czas Past Perfect
19
Future Simple..................................................................................50 Czas Future Simple
20
Talking about the future with Going to.............................................52 Konstrukcja Going to
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21
Countable and uncountable nouns..................................................54 Rzeczowniki policzalne i niepoliczalne
22
Regular plural forms.......................................................................56 Regularna liczba mnoga rzeczowników
23
Irregular plural forms......................................................................58 Nieregularna liczba mnoga rzeczowników
24
Possessive forms of nouns...............................................................60 Formy dzierżawcze rzeczowników
25
Compound nouns............................................................................62 Rzeczowniki złożone
26
Comparative and superlative adverbs.............................................64 Stopniowanie przysłówków
27
Comparative and superlative adjectives 1.......................................66 Stopniowanie przymiotników 1 Comparative and superlative adjectives 2.......................................68 Stopniowanie przymiotników 2
28
Adjectives with so, such, how and what............................................70 Przymiotniki z so, such, how i what
29
Too and enough...............................................................................72 Too i enough
30
Quantifiers......................................................................................74 Określenia liczby i ilości
31
Impersonal pronouns......................................................................76 Zaimki bezosobowe
32
Cardinal numbers...........................................................................78 Liczebniki główne
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33
Ordinal numbers.............................................................................80 Liczebniki porządkowe
34
Prepositions of place and movement..............................................82 Przyimki miejsca i ruchu
35
Prepositions of time........................................................................84 Przyimki czasu
36
Verb and preposition.......................................................................86 Czasownik z przyimkiem
37
Adjective with preposition..............................................................88 Przymiotnik z przyimkiem
38
Conjunctions...................................................................................90 Spójniki
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There and it.....................................................................................92 Zdania z użyciem there oraz it
40
Time clauses...................................................................................94 Zdania podrzędnie złożone opisujące przyszłość
41
Verbs with two objects....................................................................96 Czasowniki z dwoma dopełnieniami
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The passive: statements and negations...........................................98 Strona bierna: twierdzenia i przeczenia
43
The passive: questions.................................................................. 100 Strona bierna: pytania
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Indirect questions......................................................................... 102 Pytania pośrednie
45
Defining relative clauses............................................................... 104 Zdania przydawkowe definiujące
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46
Reported speech: statements and requests 1................................ 106 Mowa zależna: twierdzenia i polecenia 1
46
Reported speech: statements and requests 2................................ 108 Mowa zależna: twierdzenia i polecenia 2
47
Reported speech: questions.......................................................... 110 Mowa zależna: pytania
48
Gerund and infinitive.................................................................... 112 Czasownik z bezokolicznikiem i formą gerund
49
Zero conditional............................................................................ 114 Zdania warunkowe stopnia zerowego
50
First conditional............................................................................ 116 Zdania warunkowe pierwszego stopnia
51
Second conditional....................................................................... 118 Zdania warunkowe drugiego stopnia
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Phrasal verbs 1.............................................................................. 120 Czasowniki frazowe 1
52
Phrasal verbs 2.............................................................................. 122 Czasowniki frazowe 2
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Phrasal verbs 3.............................................................................. 124 Czasowniki frazowe 3
53
Phrasal verbs 4.............................................................................. 126 Czasowniki frazowe 4
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The imperative.............................................................................. 128 Tryb rozkazujący
55
Troublesome structures................................................................ 130 Kłopotliwe konstrukcje
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Consolidation / Ćwiczenia powtórkowe.......................... 133
56
Consolidation 1............................................................................. 134 Powtórka 1
57
Consolidation 2............................................................................. 136 Powtórka 2
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Consolidation 3............................................................................. 138 Powtórka 3
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Consolidation 4............................................................................. 140 Powtórka 4
60
Consolidation 5............................................................................. 142 Powtórka 5
Form Tables / Struktury gramatyczne.............................. 145 Answer Key / Klucz odpowiedzi............................................ 151
8
Wstęp Książka GR8 Sentence Building. Układanie fragmentów zdań powstała z myślą o uczniach przygotowujących się do egzaminu ósmoklasisty z języka angielskiego. Książka GR8 Sentence Building. Układanie fragmentów zdań składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej znajduje się 55 zadań, w których dokonano systematycznego przeglądu zagadnień gramatycznych w oparciu o wytyczne Centralnej Komisji Egzaminacyjnej podane w Informatorze o egzaminie ósmoklasisty z języka angielskiego od roku szkolnego 2018/2019. Każde zadanie jest poświęcone odrębnemu zagadnieniu, aby ułatwić uczniowi rozpoznawanie struktur gramatycznych i ich charakterystycznych elementów. W drugiej części publikacji GR8 Sentence Building. Układanie fragmentów zdań zamieszczono pięć zestawów powtórkowych opracowanych zgodnie z formułą egzaminacyjną. Każdy zestaw powtórkowy zawiera pełen przekrój struktur gramatycznych i tym samym umożliwia zastosowanie umiejętności nabytych podczas pracy z pierwszą częścią książki. Ćwiczenia zawarte w książce GR8 Sentence Building. Układanie fragmentów zdań nie są ze sobą powiązane, więc uczeń przygotowujący się do egzaminu ósmoklasisty ma do wyboru dwa sposoby korzystania z książki: powtarzanie liniowe lub skupienie się na dowolnych zagadnieniach i zapoznawanie się z nimi w ustalonej przez siebie kolejności. Książka GR8 Sentence Building. Układanie fragmentów zdań zawiera pełny klucz odpowiedzi, dlatego nadaje się zarówno do pracy w klasie, jak i do samodzielnej powtórki. Życzymy powodzenia na egzaminie! Redakcja wydawnictwa Polonsky
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O autorze
Bartłomiej Paszylk jest nauczycielem języka angielskiego z 20-letnim stażem. Ukończył filologię angielską na Uniwersytecie Śląskim w Sosnowcu. Obecnie pracuje w Szkole Podstawowej nr 26 w Bielsku-Białej. Jest autorem kilkunastu publikacji związanych z nauczaniem języka angielskiego, m.in. Język angielski dla najmłodszych (2014, Damidos), Bajki klasyczne po polsku i angielsku (2014, Damidos), Let’s Read: Czytam sobie po angielsku (2015, Damidos), Let’s Write: Nauka pisania po angielsku (2015, Damidos), United States at a Glance (2017, PWN) czy 1000 angielskich słów, które musisz znać (2019, Dragon). Od lat organizuje także ogólnopolskie i międzynarodowe konkursy językowe przeznaczone dla uczniów szkół podstawowych: konkurs znajomości angielskiego słownictwa „WordMaster”, konkurs czytania ze zrozumieniem w języku angielskim „Let’s Read!”, konkurs wiedzy o geografii i kulturze Stanów Zjednoczonych „What Do You Know About the USA?” i konkursy językowoplastyczne dotyczące znanych twórców literackich z cyklu „Imagine Competitions”. Jego pasją – poza językiem angielskim – są kino, literatura i muzyka. Tej tematyce poświęcił kilka książek: Leksykon filmowego horroru (2006, Instytut Wydawniczy Latarnik), Książki zakazane (2009, Wydawnictwo Szkolne PWN), The Pleasure and Pain of Cult Horror Films: An Historical Survey (2009, McFarland) oraz Słownik gatunków i zjawisk filmowych (2010, Wydawnictwo Szkolne PWN). Był także recenzentem miesięczników Nowa Fantastyka oraz Mystic Art. Na stronie autorskiej www.bpaszylk.com zamieszcza systematycznie recenzje, artykuły oraz wywiady. Wiele jego tekstów można też znaleźć na współtworzonych przez niego stronach www.grabarz.net oraz www.dzikabanda.pl.
Podziękowania Autor dziękuje wszystkim, którzy wspierali go w pracy nad tą książką i pogodzili się z tym, że w ciągu miesięcy spędzonych przy komputerze nie sposób było się z nim umówić na rozmowę o filmach grozy przy lampce wina. Wydanie tego podręcznika było możliwe dzięki wielu osobom, które zakupiły go w przedsprzedaży. Autor i Wydawca dziękują im serdecznie za okazane zaufanie. Autor i Wydawca składają gorące podziękowania Oldze, która brała udział w testowaniu całości materiału zawartego w tej książce.
Oznaczenia użyte w książce
Zapoznaj się z tymi strukturami
Pamiętaj o tym w czasie egzaminu ósmoklasisty
10
Więcej informacji znajdziesz w sekcji Form Tables / Struktury gramatyczne
Grammar Structures Zagadnienia gramatyczne
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Past Simple 1 Czas Past Simple 1 They sold their old car last month Past Simple → I sent over thirty emails yesterday. → He moved to Argentina last year. → She planned to climb this mountain for two years. → We tried bungee jumping last month. → They cancelled the concert because one of the musicians got ill. → She didn’t finish / did not finish her project last Wednesday. → We didn’t ask / did not ask many questions during the meeting. → Did you take many photos on holiday? → Did they study for the test all night? → Who paid the bill for you? → How many cakes did Amanda bake last Saturday? → Why did you do this? → When did Diane go to New York? → Martin and Steve worked in Norway last year. → Anna saw her boyfriend yesterday / the day before yesterday. → I talked to John on the phone the other day. → Greg bought a new car three days ago. → My grandmother visited us last Easter. → Andy played video games from morning till late afternoon. Uzupełnij poniższe zdania. Wykorzystaj w odpowiedniej formie wyrazy podane w nawiasach. Nie należy zmieniać kolejności podanych wyrazów, trzeba natomiast – jeśli jest to konieczne – dodać inne wyrazy, tak aby otrzymać zdania logiczne i gramatycznie poprawne. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów. W każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie cztery wyrazy, wliczając w to wyrazy już podane. PAMIĘTAJ W każdą kratkę należy wpisać jedną literę lub znak. 1. I don’t think the Flodders will go to the USA this year because (they / go / there) summer. 2. Everyone was praising our team for winning the third place, but (I / think / we / can) do better. 3. (they / have / fun) at the prom last night? 4. Is it true that (you / brother / carry) this heavy crate all the way from the bus station? 5. Thomas (not / know / any) about science, but he was willing to learn. 6. What (happen / you) arm? Is it broken?
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7. When I was a child, my Dad (always / tell / I / story) before I went to bed. 8. I didn’t go to school today because (I / feel / sick) the morning. Thankfully, I’m much better now. 9. The other day I (ask / she / give) me my money back, and if I don’t get it by Friday, I’ll talk to her again. 10. (you / watch) the ball game last night? It was thrilling! PAMIĘTAJ Każda kreska oznacza miejsce na wpisanie jednego wyrazu. 11. The dog was running at first, but then it (sudden / stop / and / look) ı________________ı ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı at the cat sleeping nearby. 12. She spoke so quietly that (I / not / understand) ı________________ıı________________ı ı________________ı what she said. 13. Only two years ago (we / start) ı________________ıı________________ı this company and now it’s worth 2 million dollars. Can you believe it? 14. How (you / friend / feel) ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı ı________________ı when he failed the exam? I hope he didn’t cry? 15. Colin wanted to run a marathon, but he (fall / and / break) ı________________ı ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı his leg while practicing for it. 16. Who (tell / you) ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı my new car? I wanted to surprise you! 17. What did she say (you / minute) ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı ı________________ı ago? Was it something about me? 18. Alice (not / do / shopping) ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı ı________________ı yesterday because it was raining cats and dogs. 19. Have you just bought Timmy a new game? I’m pretty sure he (not / have) ı________________ı ı________________ı it yesterday. 20. My sister first studied in Australia, but (three / year / late) ı________________ı ı________________ıı________________ı she moved to Canada and continued her studies there. PAMIĘTAJ W czasie egzaminu wpisujemy w lukę jeden, dwa, trzy lub cztery wyrazy. 21. (what / make / you) ı________________ı say these rude words to the waitress? 22. This town had only a thousand residents (two / hundred / year / ago) ı________________ı but now it is a lively, international community. 23. Your son must be thirsty. He (not / drink / any) ı________________ı the morning and it’s been terribly hot for the last few hours. 24. They (swim / in / ocean) ı________________ı when they went to Florida last summer. 25. (what / you / do) ı________________ı when she accused you of stealing her apples yesterday? 26. Last year (we / move / Ireland) ı________________ı and we’ve been living there since then. 27. (you / sister / invite) ı________________ı Bobby to her birthday party? I hope she didn’t! 28. This factory (produce / car / several / year) ı________________ı ago, but now it only produces car parts. 29. How many points did you score in (game / other) ı________________ı day? 30. We went to visit our grandfather (day / yesterday) ı________________ı but he wasn’t home.
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Comparative and superlative adjectives 1 Stopniowanie przymiotników 1 Lena is shorter than the other girls Comparative adjectives → My new office is smaller than the previous one. → It is hotter today than it was yesterday. → These mechanics are lazier than we expected. → Professor Parsons is nicer than you think. → It was much further to the hotel than Susan remembered. → The second episode is more scary than the first. Superlative adjectives → Which month is the coldest in your country? → What is the biggest building in your town? → Mike’s grandmother is the happiest person I know. → Her latest film was a real disappointment. → This is the best coffee we’ve ever had. → Penny was given the most challenging task in the team. Comparative structures → This cake is (not) as good as your mother’s. → Our new house is the same size as the old house. → You can hire a car, but it will be twice / three times as expensive as travelling by train. → Actually, this question is quite easy. → His new books is rather difficult. → His books are becoming more and more interesting. → When you buy a family car, follow this simple rule: the bigger, the better. Uzupełnij poniższe zdania. Wykorzystaj w odpowiedniej formie wyrazy podane w nawiasach. Nie należy zmieniać kolejności podanych wyrazów, trzeba natomiast – jeśli jest to konieczne – dodać inne wyrazy, tak aby otrzymać zdania logiczne i gramatycznie poprawne. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów. W każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie cztery wyrazy, wliczając w to wyrazy już podane. PAMIĘTAJ W każdą kratkę należy wpisać jedną literę lub znak. 1. Your house (be / far) centre than mine. 2. In my opinion, Miles (be / not / brave) as Josh although he’s definitely not a coward, either. 3. Could you (add / little / salt) the chicken soup than you did last time? It was much too salty for my taste. 4. A year ago Daphne was (rich / woman) our town, but she gambled all her money away. 5. Gwyneth used (be / fat) before she married Jack. It’s hard to believe it when you look at her now. 6. Oh, that’s hilarious! This joke (be / actual / funny) than all the previous ones! 66
7. Your apartment (look / good) it did last year! What did you change in it? 8. I loved travelling around Europe last year even though I could (afford / only / cheap) motels. 9. This (be / famous) volcano in Poland but it is not active anymore. 10. These statues (be / not / big) as I remembered them. PAMIĘTAJ Każda kreska oznacza miejsce na wpisanie jednego wyrazu. 11. These sunglasses are more (expensive / this) ı________________ıı________________ı ı________________ı we saw earlier, and they look exactly the same. 12. I’ve read many books this year, but this one is (little / interesting) ı________________ı ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı them all. 13. Trust me, this pizza (be / good) ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı as our favourite pizza at the Little Italy. 14. You have to study really hard for this exam. It (be / important) ı________________ı ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı exam in your life. 15. I often have bike accidents, but the one I had last summer (be / bad) ı________________ı ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı all. This was when I broke my arm and my leg. 16. Since the renovation of the restaurant, the waiters have been (busy / they) ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı used to be. 17. Contrary to popular opinion, modern diesel engines (be / not / little / efficient) ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı than the older ones. 18. Our new boss isn’t as (friendly / one) ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı ı________________ı that retired last month. 19. The ostrich is (large / bird) ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı ı________________ı the world. 20. (what / be / bad) ı________________ıı________________ıı________________ı you : being stranded in the ocean or getting stuck in a deep dark cave? PAMIĘTAJ W czasie egzaminu wpisujemy w lukę jeden, dwa, trzy lub cztery wyrazy. 21. The beaches in Palm Springs (be / hot) ı________________ı beaches in California but for many people they’re simply too hot. 22. Thankfully, the prices of gasoline (be / not / high) ı________________ı as they used to be. 23. Life (be / much / complicate) ı________________ı one hundred years ago than it is today. 24. (what / be / good) ı________________ı drink you have ever drunk? 25. I know you won’t agree with me, but in my opinion Tara (be / pretty / she) ı________________ı sister. 26. Hercules is over three metres long, so it’s (big / cat) ı________________ı the world. 27. I’m impressed with my daughter: she runs (fast / as / I) ı________________ı and she’s just ten years old. 28. Neil Peart from the band Rush was (much / talent) ı________________ı drummer in the history of rock music. 29. In Stan’s opinion there isn’t (fascinate / subject) ı________________ı than comic books. 30. A year ago I discovered that (it / be / easy) ı________________ı learn languages on a daily basis than once or two times a week.
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1. they went there last 2. I thought we could 3. Did they have fun 4. your brother carried 5. didn’t know anything 6. happened to your 7. always told me stories 8. I felt sick in 9. asked her to give 10. Did you watch
31. friends visited me at 32. Who ate 33. did he do 34. didn’t bite me at 35. I attended a six-month 36. burnt my finger 37. she switched on the 38. what dug all these 39. didn’t you do your 40. was it
1. was playing tennis 2. Who was skiing with 3. were you doing 4. wasn’t drinking 5. he was coding 6. my roommate was reading 7. was swimming in the 8. Was she wearing the 9. they were playing quietly 10. was just trying to
11. suddenly stopped and looked 12. I didn’t understand 13. we started 14. did your friend feel 15. fell down and broke 16. told you about 17. to you a minute 18. didn’t do the shopping 19. didn’t have 20. three years later
41. people flew on the 42. finally caught a taxi 43. cried the other day 44. I dreamt of an; I dreamed of an 45. exactly twenty days ago 46. thirty thousand years ago 47. Who fought against 48. months ago I memorised 49. didn’t give us a; didn’t give us any 50. did you lie to
11. weren’t you playing in 12. was lying on the 13. everyone was watching 14. Was it snowing heavily 15. were painting their bedroom; were painting their bedrooms 16. Were you sitting 17. Was your brother having 18. boys weren’t just playing 19. were rehearsing for the 20. Were you working at
21. What made you 22. two hundred years ago 23. didn’t drink anything in 24. swam in the ocean 25. What did you do 26. we moved to Ireland 27. Did your sister invite 28. produced cars several years 29. the game the other 30. the day before yesterday
51. who did not pay; who didn’t pay 52. took my towel; took my towels 53. the day before yesterday 54. our family stayed at 55. what happened to him 56. it didn’t sink immediately 57. she lit all the 58. worked together in this 59. the goalkeeper caught it 60. did you like
21. they were still walking 22. What was she carrying 23. who was giving 24. She was sewing your 25. weren’t you answering the; weren’t you answering your 26. was brushing my teeth 27. it was raining slightly 28. was making the bed 29. wasn’t he listening 30. was sailing across the
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27 1. is further from the; is farther from the 2. isn’t as brave 3. add less salt to 4. the richest woman in 5. to be fatter 6. was actually funnier 7. looks better than 8. afford only the cheapest 9. is the most famous 10. aren’t as big 11. expensive than those 12. the least interesting of 13. is as good 14. is the most important 15. was the worst of 16. busier than they 17. aren’t less efficient 18. friendly as the one 19. the largest bird in 20. What’s worse for 21. are the hottest 22. are not as high; aren’t as high 23. was more complicated; was much more complicated 24. What is the best; What’s the best 25. is prettier than her 26. the biggest cat in 27. as fast as me 28. the most talented 29. a more fascinating subject 30. it is easier to; it’s easier to
28 31. the fitter you get 32. was the happiest day 33. is it healthier than 34. twice as expensive 35. close to you 36. is the kindest 37. are equally good at 38. got harder 39. Is it warmer than 40. wasn’t as bad
1. was so brave that 2. How amazing 3. is such an inspiring 4. What an ugly 5. are so wise 6. got such positive reviews 7. says such horrible things 8. What strange paintings 9. She is so fluent 10. It was such a
41. better and 42. taller than Stephanie 43. be the easiest 44. difficult to predict 45. was less attractive than 46. is nicer; was nicer 47. funny as his classic 48. much more expensive than 49. the longer he listened 50. the thinnest boy in
11. are so common 12. What an amazing 13. How strange it was 14. it was such a 15. was so calm 16. how fantastic it was 17. was so rude to 18. What a surprise 19. was such a terrible 20. How nice of you
51. is rather loud 52. much happier than 53. the hardest fibre in 54. to be as small 55. more modern than 56. the better coordination of 57. are quite young 58. sweeter than the 59. the best coffee 60. are not as pretty; aren’t as pretty
21. What a diligent girl 22. How crazy it was 23. was so passionate 24. don’t buy such expensive 25. was so handsome and; is so handsome and 26. How interesting 27. had such a sweet 28. how impressive it is; how impressive it was 29. always so friendly and 30. what a sunny day
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