Fallingwater Intern report Summer 2008 by Lee Pouliot

Fallingwater Landscape Internship Summer 2008

Lee M. Pouliot & Lixia Xiao

Retrospect… G There is no denying that all in our world has a distinct beginning and a distinct end. Endings, however, are not always as happy as a new beginning. As we prepare to leave Fallingwater, its people, and the projects time allowed us to work on – it is necessary to review all that has been accomplished and learned during our short summer. As much as this report is valued as documentation of the projects completed during our time here, it stands to represent much, much more. For us it represents how two different individuals can come together to design and create through a new style molded from highly diverse backgrounds and different experiences. It serves as proof that two minds are always better than one, while showcasing how much work can be accomplished in a short period of time. Most importantly, it will forever stand as a link to the endless memories, thoughts, ideas, people, and experiences only a summer at Fallingwater can produce. For all those who come after us, allow this document to guide your hands as you create the next layers of Fallingwater’s landscape. We hope that our goals and projects will inspire you to continue what has been started and that you, too, will leave behind a report similar to this – one that inspires as well as guides; a simple legacy that others will find reason to follow…

Thank-You… G We would like to take this opportunity to thank the entire staff of Fallingwater for such a memorable and rewarding summer. It is truly a unique opportunity to find an internship where an entire staff willingly contributes to a student’s experience. We count our time here as some of the most rewarding and valuable of our experiences. While we would love to take the time and space to thank everyone individually, we have opted to conserve paper and mention those who dedicated a large amount of time to our education and experience of Fallingwater. The order in which these individuals are presented is by no means an indication of importance – you all were equally important to the success of our summer… G Ann – You, by far, have spent the greatest deal of time with us out of anyone else at Fallingwater. Your drive to help us succeed and reach our goals is absolutely unstoppable and because of that drive we have and will accomplish a great deal. It is highly uncommon to come across people who truly love their job – yet – we have found just this quality in you. Your willingness to teach is matched only by your willingness to learn. The landscape at Fallingwater is in good hands for many years to come and all interns after us should count themselves lucky to work with you. You have been a great teacher, colleague, and friend – of which we place the highest value. We will miss you!!! G George – It is difficult to begin this thank-you simply because you have been so influential to us in a variety of ways. Clearly, your knowledge of plants has been an invaluable tool both for learning plants and for understanding how to design with plants based on environmental conditions. Not only did you take the time to teach us plant identification – you pushed us further to understand plant associations, what grows where and why, and to develop an eye for naturalistic design. Your greatest strength is that you ‘practice what you preach’ as was proven to us during our visit to the West Virginia Botanic Gardens. Thank you for your time and dedication to this internship program. We will miss your stories, laughter and hospitality. Best of luck as you continue developing the WVBG and thank you for opening your home to us. (We hope the café improves their recipe for pecan bars as well!) G Justin – Even from afar, your influence here at Fallingwater is always felt. You challenged us to design on highly delicate and detailed terms. Your dedication to the historic authenticity of Fallingwater and the grounds that surround it will continue to preserve one of the most valuable elements in American architecture. It is because of your drive for authenticity that we have learned how to design for highly specific outcomes. You

entrusted us with some high profile design opportunities and we hope that our work has met your expectations. You pushed us to think past the ordinary – past the easy solution and in doing so you have forced us to further develop our design ideas and abilities. G Cara – We would like to thank you for the very special opportunity of participating in the design charette for Pittsburgh Public Schools. Such projects offer a valuable experience for students like us. By participating in this charette, we were able to see how diverse parties can come to together and reach solutions to major problems. Further, the landscape architects who participated treated both of us as equals – making us both integral pieces of the team. Because of you we now have unique connections in our field which will come in handy well into the future. G Sarah – You deserve high praise for everything you did to help us complete the first part of the Nature Trail design. Without you our grand ideas for digital maps and a plant database could not have come to fruition. Further, your skills allowed us to understand, document, and design the site at a level of sophistication we were not expected to reach. Thank you for your time and patience as we learned GPS and GIS. Thank you for working us into your schedule whenever we needed to work with you and thank you for the opportunity to experience GPS and GIS – two applications that will be pursued further at school. We wish you the best of luck as you continue your education at the University of Vermont and hope we can be in touch soon!

Guiding Influences… G One of our first tasks this summer was to take time and read through the numerous reports from previous years’ interns. After hours of reading and note-taking, it became clear that a common sequence of projects was present in each of the reports. Year in and year out, the same spaces would be re-designed and re-installed with eventual focus on the intern project. Intern projects varied greatly in their size, area, and detail a possible response to the constant need to re-create the same high profile areas annually. While we too have completed an intern project, we have also made it our goal to design, install, and document in detail all other projects that we worked on. Upon the following pages, you will find detailed designs, plant lists, and all other important information regarding all the various projects we worked on. It is our hope, that with this information, following interns will not have to completely re-design and re-install areas should a single element fail. Instead, it is our hope that if one of our projects requires an intervention in the future, interns can reference this report and instead of re-designing the entire area, focus on fixing the problem within the design. If this concept proves successful, you should find yourself with much more time to focus on projects that past interns, including ourselves, did not have the ability to work on. There are endless, unique opportunities for projects on site – and it is our hope that you or those that follow you will be the ones to finally tackle them. Secondly, another unique experience for us has been working with Ann Talarek. Ann, who you also shall work with, began working here halfway through the summer of 2007. Therefore, we were the first interns that she was able to help choose for the positions and work with for the entire season. Ann is an extremely valuable tool – for information, ideas, critique, plants, and all things Pittsburgh. As she continues to detail the Landscape Master Plan, we are sure your work will become highly linked to that project. Utilize Ann as a resource and you will find yourself on solid ground for whatever you wish to pursue…

The Projects… G “The goal of every educational program is to increase awareness of our environment through a human-centered understanding of architecture and nature by combing scholarly interpretation with design applications…”

Project before and after photos can be found in the Appendix III disk.

The Cutting Gardensâ&#x20AC;Ś Cutting Gardens have been present on the Fallingwater site since the time of the Kaufmanns. When we arrived, the cutting gardens were in disarray. Numerous designs and plant lists existed in almost all past intern reports. With such varying plant lists, it became clear that plants were failing on a yearly basis. This year there was also an interest in expanding the gardens to include a third equally sized bed. A survey of the area indicated that the existing beds were of awkward shapes and different dimensions. Three possible configurations were designed and presented to Ann and Justin. Three equally sized beds, 43 feet long by 20 feet wide, were agreed upon. However, when preparing to install this configuration, it was determined that the area for the new bed would interfere with shallow fiber-optic lines that connect to the Gardenerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cottage. The third bed was removed from the design and the two existing beds re-shaped and enlarged to their present conditions. The follow page dictates the design and plant selection installed during the summer of 2008. Existing perennials in the perennial bed were all lifted and re-configured to follow the design as shown, while we created the layout for the annual bed based on seed and plant selections Ann had determined during the winter. We hope that following interns will maintain the layouts that we have created â&#x20AC;&#x201C; while deciding what plants to introduce into the design. We expect most of the perennials to return next spring, along with the Crotons in the annual bed (a biennial plant). Both beds should be re-mulched with triple-ground bark mulch once planting is complete. This summer was the first summer the beds were mulched and it significantly cut down on maintenance time.

The Cottage Screen Planting… With the completion of the Cutting Gardens, we realized that by ‘upgrading’ the screening beds done a few years ago we could unite the multiple projects to create a single ‘space.’ The open areas surrounding the Gardener’s Cottage are annually used as a gathering space during the highly attended Twilight Tour at the end of August. We thought that by uniting the different designs occurring in the area we could create a beautiful, comfortable space for such events. Really, the work done here was minimal. Both beds were weeded and all plants pruned if needed. Finally, we re-edged the beds and mulched the surface using the same triple-ground bark mulch as in the cutting gardens. The result was exactly what we were hoping for. Visually, all the beds in this area are now tied together. In the future, we hope that some group of interns can remove the large Euonymus alatus (Burning Bush) in the bed on the left side. We were unable to do this because of concerns over whether or not their removal would make the cottage too visible. Also, both beds would benefit from the addition of further shrubs and possibly some herbaceous plantings. We thought it would be nice to utilize shrubs that would be useful for cut flower arrangements – it would make Ann’s life a bit easier especially for summer weddings!

The Herb Garden… The Herb Garden is located behind the kitchen building and served as a fun, freestyle design. We decided to let Ann choose a variety of herbs from a grower and then placed the plants where we wanted them. Past intern reports detail elaborate planting designs for this garden, however, we knew that we would not have ample time for maintenance and tried to simplify our approach. The largest change to the space was the removal of Lemon Balm. The plant is notoriously invasive and we hope that future interns will remove any seedlings that might sprout in and around the garden. Otherwise, have fun with the space and plant herbs you may be interested in using yourself! We, on numerous occasions, have cooked dinner using fresh herbs from this herb garden.

The Roof Planter… The roof planter was one of the first projects we started working on upon our arrival. It is unknown exactly when the planter was added to the house; however, today it seems to be an integral part of the structure. We originally were supposed to decide what plant species would perform best in the existing planter. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (virginia creeper) was planted prior to our arrival and all the plants had failed for a combination of reasons. Historic photographs of the house also revealed that there have been at least four different planting schemes which may mean that over time each planting eventually failed, warranting replacements. We had the opportunity to go up on the roof and look at the planter’s structure to see if we could determine why a usually tough plant like virginia creeper had failed. Our visit to the roof revealed numerous issues with the planter and it was decided immediately that the entire structure needed to be re-designed to remediate the issues. The first issue discovered was that very little soil media was present in the planter. What was present was completely decomposed and separated into two layers by a large white layer of what we think was fertilizer build-up. All this material was bagged and removed from the roof to be disposed of properly. Our next discovery was that the planter box itself had a solid bottom, which means that drainage out of the planter was exceptionally slow or non-existent. By holding water, the planter suffocated the plants growing in it. Also, because of the water retention, the wood of the bottom area had started to decompose. Finally, the planter was lined with Styrofoam. While we could not figure out what the purpose of this material was, it had also decomposed just enough to function like a sponge, further retaining water. It was decided that the interns would come up with a new design for the planter and the plantings to be installed. We decided to design the planter as a mini green roof structure. In this manner we would be able to provide the needed essentials for plants to grow on the roof while also minimizing the structure’s weight. The design agreed upon consisted of 8 2’x 3’ metal trays at a depth of eight inches. These metal trays were designed with rows of drainage holes on the bottom. The trays would then be set on an open-bottom bench which would allow draining water to fall directly to the gravel roof surface. The bench was also designed to allow airflow under the structure. With the trays on the bench, a new veneer of wood could be added around the sides of the trays – effectively hiding the trays and giving the new planter the same appearance as the old one. To continue on our sustainable path, Trex® products were approved for the bench structure and veneer. This material is produced from recycled plastic and therefore is much lighter than wood and does not decompose or need staining as the present planter does. Our last consideration was the media in which the plants would grow. We worked with a greenhouse company to choose the appropriate mix. The mix we purchased has been used on numerous green roof installations in Chicago (according to the company’s salesperson). The mix is a Sun-Gro Metro Mix, which includes coir material (resists rapid breakdown). As for plant selection, we were charged with finding a plant that would behave similarly to virginia creeper. We had proposed utilizing a sedum collection, but went through numerous scenarios before deciding upon Akebia quinata (Chocolate vine). This plant is an exceptionally

tough species that can handle the difficult environment present on a roof. Concerns were raised as to the non-native and possibly invasive status of this species and further research into these qualities was pursued. It seems as if in warmer climates this species can be slightly aggressive. However, in this climate, fruit set is highly uncommon. Every summer, the plants should be inspected for any showy fruits which should be removed if they exist. Otherwise there should be no concerns of escape from the roof. Other maintenance for the planter should only include periodic pruning of the vine â&#x20AC;&#x201C; which can grow to impressive sizes. It is our hope that with this new design of stainless steel trays, recycled TrexÂŽ materials, and a plant that can handle the environment, the planter box will flourish with minimal maintenance well into the future. The following document details the three planting schemes we presented regarding this project. As previously stated, a mass planting of Akebia quinata was chosen for installation.

Three Options for Roof Planter Design Lee M. Pouliot & Lixia Xiao 06/12/2008 Following is the size of the green roof:

This green roof is 24ft by 2ft rectangle. In total, 48 square feet. We need 8 - 3ft by 2ft size trays. The depth of the soil depends on the plant which we will plant in them.

Option 1: Use Virginia creeper

Advantages: Virginia creeper is a native plant. It is a very good ornamental plant. The green roof can achieve a very nice view from surrounding areas. Disadvantages: Needs at least 8” of soil. Good drainage system and irrigation system for the planter are necessary. It has to be replanted every year, based on present plant performance (increased costs and maintenance).

Option 2: Use one of the plants on the roof plants list. Followings are images using Akebia quinata. Advantages: Most plants on the list are used for green roof plantings and have good ornamental values. These plants do not self-seed and cannot spread anywhere else on site. Need much less maintenance than the Virginia creeper.

Disadvantages: We have no information that any of the plants on the list are successfully being used on green roofs at Western PA; there still is the risk that the plants cannot survive on the roof during the winter. We are suggesting this option to see if it will work. If this does not work, we have other suggestions.

1. View from the Guest House

2. View on the Roof

Option 3: Use Virginia creeper or one of the plants on the list with Sedum Advantages: Sedums are the best plants for roof greening. They need very little soil and almost no maintenance. We only need to replant some Virginia creeper or another creeping plant at the edge of the planter every spring. Disadvantages: We have to replant the creeping plant on the edge every year. Colors of these two plants are slightly different. Sedum with Virginia creeper

3. View from the Guest House

4. View on the Roof

Sedum with Akebia quinata

5. View from the Guest House

6. View on the Roof

The final choice is option 2.

The Nature Trail Design Projectâ&#x20AC;Ś As you probably know by now, each group of interns is responsible for the completion of one major design project during their summer at Fallingwater. Our design project was the Nature Trail located next to the Visitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pavilion. This project was both a pleasure and challenge to work on. We were able to complete site mapping with GIS & GPS, a digital plant database, a trail surface maintenance plan, eighteen area designs, and educational opportunities for well into the future. Without getting too verbose, we have included all of the documents pertaining to this project in a separate appendix along with a disk that contains our GPS maps. We hope that our design will be completely installed by summer 2009, as the intensive planting we recommended could not be done at the end of our summer.

Rhododendron Maintenance… As with all past intern groups, we had to deal with the extremely large Rhododendron maximum (Rosebay Rhododendron) population on site. The population is both a natural phenomenon as well as one created through human intervention (planting). Two major issues with this population include the need for rejuvenation pruning and Rhododendron gall. Many of these plants are exceptionally old, which means they can have awkward shapes and a reduced flowering ability. We began doing some heavy rejuvenation pruning this summer focusing mainly on the populations near the car ports at the guest house. We hope that in the future years, further rejuvenation pruning can be done around the site so that these plants continue to be an attraction to visitors during their blooming season. Work with George on this – he has quite the eye for successful pruning. Side note: this summer was one of best seasons for Rhododendrons – at least that is what most employees told us! The second issue with these plants is Rhododendron gall. This fungus attacks both Rhododendrons and Azaleas on site. The gall appears on newly expanded leaves, usually on the underside. It appears as a “bubble” that eventually become spongy and white. While gall does not seem to seriously injure the plants, it is beneficial to try to keep the population to a minimum. Removal of affected leaves along with proper disposal is recommended to be preformed every summer. The time that this fungus appears is variable, based mostly on weather conditions. A past group of interns documented its appearance in mid-June while we did not see it until the middle of July. Keep your eyes open for it, and if you forget George will surely remind you of this duty!

Main Entrance Maintenance… Another maintenance project dealt with the relatively new design installed at the main entrance. This area presented numerous challenges to us during our summer here. Many of the original plants installed in this area could not handle the environment into which they were placed and had started to die off by the time we could intervene. Weeds, including a large population of thistle had taken hold and the area which was not very attractive. We decided that since this area is the first impression of Fallingwater that all visitors have, it needed our focus for some time. We spent days weeding, pruning, removing dead plants and editing existing populations of desired plants in an attempt to simply and improve the area. We then planted Chasmanthium latifolium (Northern Sea Oats) and Panicum virgatum ‘Heavy Metal’ (Switch Grass). Our hope is that these two species will form some large masses in the space over time and eventually out-compete the recurring weed populations. There is still plenty of room for further plant additions. Most of the perennials in the area now are fall blooming species. We had hoped to install some summer blooming species but ran out of time. Consider this a possible project to work on along with mulching the area. If a layer of mulch can be added, it may weaken and delay the re-appearance of some weeds.

Gatehouse Maintenance… Yet another maintenance project, this area had many of the same issues as the main entrance. This area is plagued by a number of invasive, non-native weeds. We worked on removing these weeds and again editing desired plant populations to make the area more visually appealing. Again, this is another area that is seen by all visitors as they enter the site, so its appearance is quite important. We also decided to add some large rocks to the area in hopes of creating further interest. However, a more detailed planting scheme is still needed to tie all existing elements together.

Eco-Lawn Maintenance… The eco-lawn is located between the main house and the guest house. The area was once dominated by a very large oak tree, around which Wright designed the canopy walk that connects the two areas. The tree was removed and the eco-lawn design installed during a previous summer. Our maintenance in this area included major pruning of plant materials surrounding the lawn area, wisteria seedling removal, weed removal, and deadheading the grasses. The grass mix is supposed to be a “low growing, no mow” mix, however we think that some taller species were accidentally added. Keep an eye on this area in the future as these taller grasses are not desired. They make the area look very messy. Ann has copies of the design intended for the area. It is quite a diverse planting and it will be interesting to see how the space evolves over time.

Barn Wisteria Maintenance… The main entrance walk of the barn is lined with a row of young Wisteria floribunda (Japanese Wisteria) plants, which are being trained to cover the canopy over the walk. As we all know, Japanese Wisteria can be a highly vigorous and invasive species. These plants will need continued training to create the desired effect. We spent some time working on these plants, pruning lower areas and tying upper portions of the plants onto the canopy structure. In the future this will need to be done again to continue the training process. When the vines begin to flower, it will be necessary to remove seed pods prior to seed dispersal. Otherwise there will be wisteria growing everywhere!

Volunteer Daysâ&#x20AC;Ś We were lucky enough to be able to hold two volunteer days during the summer. Our first day brought together Annâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s landscape volunteers to do major pruning and debris removal from our Nature Trail Project. These volunteers all have quite wonderful skills when it comes to horticulture; they were a pleasure to work with. Work with Ann to coordinate volunteer days with this group and you will not be disappointed in the team you will have to work with. We accomplished a great deal in a very small period of time. Our second volunteer day brought in a group of students who were part of a Loyalhanna Youth Organization. We spent the day working in the Fallingwater visitor parking lot. The group focused on invasive weed removal. Afterwards, the students helped us finish removing debris from the Nature Trail. This group was a pleasure to work with and we expect that you will have the opportunity to work with them during your summer here.

Indoor Planter Box (es?)â&#x20AC;Ś Justin asked us to work on a very small project for the inside of Fallingwater. Originally, one of the stairwells inside the house had a small planter box with vines growing in it. Over time this plant died and the planter was eventually removed. Justin asked us find a vine that could handle very low light conditions and still thrive. We came up with a list of six plant possibilities, all tropical plants commonly found in extremely low light conditions. Epipremnum aureum (Pothos vine) was ultimately approved. However, we did not get to install the planter box. Concern was raised as to whether or not it would be appropriate to place soil media directly on the surface of the metal planter or if some barrier was needed. This should be explored for the future so the planter can be re-installed in the house. The planters are being stored in the Artifact Storage Building. The collections intern informed us that there are multiple planters in ASB so, if further planters were in the house, it would be worth considering if they all could be re-installed.

Fieldtrips… Besides the many impromptu visits to Pittsburgh, we were able to organize five ‘structured’ trips throughout the summer. Our first trip was into Pittsburgh to visit Phipps Conservatory and Rodef Shalom temple. At both of these establishments, we were given amazing, private tours. Phipps Conservatory designer, Michelle, was able to give us a behind the scenes view of how Phipps functions and detailed what it takes to install the seasonal designs through the many diverse rooms of the building. At Rodef Shalom, our tour guide gave us the beautiful history of the historic temple and the people responsible for its survival through the present day. (Note: this is the temple that the Kaufmanns were members of.) Our second field trip occurred on our visit to Pittsburgh to pick up our trays for the roof planter. During this day, Ann took us to Pittsburgh Cut Flower, numerous city parks, the Strip, and to Primanti Brothers for a historic lunch! (Primanti Bros. is a restaurant that has been featured on Food Network programs.) Our third trip took us on an in-depth tour of Kentuck Knob. This trip allowed us to compare/contrast two different Wright designs. Kentuck Knob differs greatly from Fallingwater in a number of ways. However, the beauty and intrigue of Wright still shines through. The most amazing part of Kentuck Knob, in our opinion, is the sculpture garden which includes two Andy Goldsworthy pieces. Do not hesitate to visit Kentuck Knob even if you are only able to see the Goldsworthy pieces! The fourth trip took us to West Virginia to visit George’s home and the West Virginia Botanic Gardens. George, as the director of the gardens, gave us the executive tour of the gardens during our visit. These newly created gardens are still in their beginnings and it has been a unique experience to see how a botanic garden is imagined, designed and created. We wish George the best of luck as development continues. And finally, our big trip was to Washington D.C. We were lucky enough to have the collections intern, Jessica, join us for this trip. Jessica had spent a semester in D.C., which was highly beneficial to the two of us – who – have had little experience with large cities where public transportation is a necessary element of daily life. Thanks to Jessica the itinerary on the following pages was possible with the addition of the National Holocaust Memorial Museum on Sunday. By the end, our legs were really sore, but it was all worth it! Pictures from our trips can be found on the Appendix III field trip disk.

Fallingwater Landscape & Collections Interns Washington D.C. Trip August 8 – 11, 2008 Itinerary Friday Awake, dress & eat breakfast 8:30 a.m. begin driving Lunch en route (packed at home) Mt. Vernon Tour (tentative…) Drive some more… Hotel Check-in Walk around area/Dinner/Olympic Opening on cable TV! Sleep Saturday 8:30 a.m. meet for breakfast 9:00 a.m. leave hotel to get on Metro National Archives (Declaration of Independence/Constitution) National Gallery (more Goldsworthy!) Museum of Native Indians (landscape & lunch) U.S. Botanic Gardens Hirshhorn Museum (sculpture garden) Freer/Sackler Museum Dinner in D.C. Monuments by night Return to hotel and sleep Sunday 8:30 a.m. meet for breakfast 9:00 a.m. leave hotel to get on Metro White House U.S. Monuments (FDR, Washington, Lincoln, Jefferson??, WWI, WWII, Korea, Vietnam) Lunch in D.C. National Zoo Dinner @ Ann recommended Lebanese restaurant Flex time (shopping?!) Return to hotel and sleep Monday 7:00 a.m. meet for breakfast 7:30 a.m. check-out & begin drive North Approx. 10:00 – 10:30a.m. arrive at Mt. Cuba Center 1:00 p.m. leave Mt. Cuba Center

1:45p.m. arrive at Longwood Gardens 5:30p.m. depart Longwood Gardens 9:30p.m. Return to Mill Run, PA 9:45p.m. pass out as result of utter exhaustion!

Appendix I: Weekly Task Journal G

Date

Duty

05/21 Wed. 05/22 Thu. 05/23 Fri.

Introductions, Work documents Meeting with George, Walk around Fallingwater Weeding of cutting garden

05/26 Mon. 05/27 Tue. 05/28 Wed. 05/29 Thu.

National holiday – No work Work on cutting gardens House tour, Discussing of roof planter Working with George, pruning cottage screen plantings, Rhododendron gall removal Work on cutting gardens, Work on herb garden, Nature Trail meeting with Justin

05/30 Fri.

06/02 Mon. 06/03 Tue. 06/04 Wed. 06/05 Thu. 06/06 Fri. 06/09 Mon. 06/10 Tue. 06/11 Wed. 06/12 Thu. 06/13 Fri.

06/16 Mon. 06/17 Tue. 06/18 Wed. 06/19 Thu. 06/20 Fri.

Plant shopping for cutting garden perennials, Visit to Elkridge Nursery Plant cutting gardens Work in office (rain day) Cleaning of roof planter, Work in herb garden Guest house planting, Mulching of the cutting gardens Weeding at the main entrance, Adding plants to the return path Pruning Japanese wisteria at the barn, Weeding at the farm house Work in office on roof planter design and plant selections, Nature Trail meeting with Justin Weeding of Eco-lawn, Prepare flower arrangements for pavilion dinner Work with George, Weeding at the gate house, Introduction of large stones at the gate house Work in office, Discussing with Sarah Pears about GPS for Nature Trail Mulching of the cutting gardens Mulching of the cottage screen plantings. Work with George on plant identification Flower arrangements for furniture show reception. (Lee off)

06/23 Mon. Planting on the return path, Photo-documentation of Nature Trail, Flagging debris areas for Nature Trail Volunteer Day 06/24 Tue. Work with volunteers cleaning the Nature Trail 06/25 Wed. Planting on the return path 06/26 Thu. Pruning around the guest house, Rhododendron gall removal 06/27 Fri. GPS work on the Nature Trail

06/30 Mon. 07/01 Tue. 07/02 Wed. 07/03 Thu. 07/04 Fri.

Work on the trail, GPS Work on the trail, GPS, Cutting dead trees, Meeting with Linda Visit Phipps Conservatory, Botanic Gardens, and Rodef Shalom temple Work on Nature Trail, GPS, Complete plant database Working on trail, GPS, Define design areas.

07/07 Mon. 07/08 Tue. 07/09 Wed. 07/10 Thu.

Pittsburgh charette Work on Nature Trail design Pittsburgh charette Work with high school students (volunteers) on parking lot weeding and Nature Trail debris removal Work on Nature trail, Plant database

07/11 Fri. 07/14 Mon. 07/15 Tue. 07/16 Wed. 07/17 Thu. 07/18 Fri.

Plant database Work on GIS, Plant database Nature Trail soil testing GPS and Nature Trail soil information, Work with Sarah on the Nature Trail base map Weeding at the main entrance, Work on Nature Trail design

07/21 Mon. 07/22 Tue. 07/23 Wed. 07/24 Thu. 07/25 Fri.

Trip to Pittsburgh to pick-up trays for roof planter, Tour Pittsburgh Grass planting at the main entrance Work on the Nature Trail design Visit Kentuck Knob, Review plant list for Nature Trail with George Grass planting at the main entrance, Work on the Nature Trail design

07/28 Mon. 07/29 Tue. 07/30 Wed. 07/31 Thu. 08/01 Fri.

Work on the Nature Trail design, Meeting with Justin Work on the Nature Trail design. Work on the Nature Trail design Work on the Nature Trail design Final presentation of the Nature Trail design (Ann, Justin, Linda)

08/04 Mon. 08/05 Tue. 08/06 Wed. 08/07 Thu. 08/08 Fri. 08/09 Sat.

08/10 Sun. 08/11 Mon. 08/12 Tue. 08/13 Wed. 08/14 Thu. 08/15 Fri.

Photo-documentation of the Bear Run dam removal, Office work Weeding in the cutting gardens, Office work Office work, Visiting George’s house and West Virginia Botanic Garden Café flower arrangements, Mulching of the cottage screen planting Washington D.C. trip (Mount Vernon tour) Washington D.C. trip (U.S. Capital, National Botanic Garden, National Art Gallery, NAG Sculpture Garden, National Museum of the American Indian, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, World War II Memorial, Korean War Memorial, Vietnam War Memorial, Jefferson Memorial, FDR Memorial) Washington D.C. trip (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, National Zoo, White House, Chinatown) Washington D.C. trip (Mt. Cuba Center) Friend House picnic Work on final intern report Work on final intern report Lixia back to North Carolina, Lee home to Massachusetts…

Appendix II: Nature Trail Design Documents G

Fallingwater Nature Trail Proposal May 30, 2008 Lee M. Pouliot & Lixia Xiao

“The goal of every educational program is to increase awareness of our environment through a humancentered understanding of architecture and nature by combining scholarly interpretation with design applications…” G Concept • Environment: Create a space that invites visitors to explore, interact, and enjoy the natural environment while also increasing the biological diversity of the site. • Education: Create self-guided ’tours’ for children and adults, allowing visitors to leave with ideas that can be applied in the classroom or backyard. • Entertainment: Create an ever-changing exhibit - art as artifact - on-site ’waste’ materials used to create art pieces that fit into the backdrop of the Nature Trail.

G Application • •

• •

• • •

•

Debris removal and general trail clean-up Site survey/analysis (using GPS system?) o Existing trail o Existing vegetation (canopy, understory and ground level) o Soil pH zones o Special planting areas (i.e. wet boggy areas) o Sun vs. shade Creation of a digital plant database to track the health of existing vegetation and the site’s evolution over time (i.e. herbaceous plants rarely stay in one area). Design o Determine plants that may need to be removed (health and/or selective “editing”) o Trail re-construction to deal with current drainage problems o Plantings to create understory and ground level populations o Seating Areas - utilize on-site materials (stone and felled trees) o Identification of possible areas for art installations and the artists to create them o Creation of pamphlets that correspond to a numbered sign system (signs to be easily moved as the plantings mature and the art installations change) Seasonal bloom guides (native alternatives to non-native plants) Art as Artifact - artist information Interactive ’forest tree’ program Plants and the wildlife they support Human use of forests in the past, present, and future Project Review & Editing Final Approval Installation o Would like give volunteers the opportunity to assist in the large-scale planting scheme Annual monitoring to update database

G Plant Possibilities •

•

Trees Acer pensylvanicum Betula lenta3999 Carpinus caroliniana Cercis canadensis Cornus alternifolia Cornus florida Magnolia tripetala Nyssa sylvatica Oxydendrum arboreum

Striped Maple Sweet Birch American Hornbeam Eastern Redbud Pagoda Dogwood Flowering Dogwood Umbrella Magnolia Black Tupelo Sourwood

Amelanchier arborea Aronia arbutifolia

Downy Serviceberry Red Chokecherry Common Sweetshrub Bunchberry Teaberry Oak‐leaf Hydrangea Moutain Laurel Spicebush Common Ninebark Sweet Azalea Pinxter Azalea Maple‐leaf Viburnum Blackhaw Viburnum

Shrubs

Calycanthus floridus Cornus canadensis Gaultheria procumbens Hydrangea quercifolia Kalmia latifolia Lindera benzoin Physocarpus opulifolius Rhododendron arborescens Rhododendron periclymenoides Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum prunifolium

•

Herbaceous Actaea pachypoda Adiantum pedatum Allium cernuum Aquilegia canadensis Arisaema triphyllum Aristolochia macrophylla Asarum canadense Aster divaricatus Carex pensylvanica Carex plantaginea Chrysogonum virginianum Cimicifuga racemosa Cypripedium acaule Dicentra eximia Hepatica Americana Mertensia virginica Michella repens Mitella diphylla Phlox stolonifera Polygonatum commutatum Sanguinaria canadensis Sedum ternatum Tiarella cordifolia Trillium species

Doll's Eyes Maidenhair Fern Nodding Onion Wild Columbine Jack‐in‐the‐Pulpit Dutchman's Pipe Wild Ginger White Wood Aster Pennsylvania Sedge Plantain Sedge Green & Gold Black Cohosh Pink Lady's Slipper Wild Bleeding Heart Round‐leaf Hepatica Virginia Bluebells Partridgeberry Bishop's Cap Creeping Phlox Solomon's Seal Bloodroot Wild Stonecrop Foamflower Trillium

Lixia Xiao & Lee M. Pouliot Nature Trail Proposal June 13, 2008

G Updated Plant List TREES SHRUBS

Acer pensylvanicum Betula lenta Carpinus caroliniana Cercis canadensis Cornus alternifolia Cornus florida Magnolia tripetala Nyssa sylvatica Oxydendrum arboreum Amelanchier arborea Aristolochia macrophylla Aronia arbutifolia Calycanthus floridus Clethra alnifolia Cornus canadensis Gaultheria procumbens Hydrangea quercifolia Ilex verticillata Kalmia latifolia Lindera benzoin Physocarpus opulifolius Rhododendron arborescens Rhododendron periclymenoides Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum prunifolium

Striped Maple Sweet Birch American Hornbeam Eastern Redbud Pagoda Dogwood Flowering Dogwood Umbrella Magnolia Black Tupelo Sourwood Downy Serviceberry Dutchman's Pipe Red Chokecherry Common Sweetshrub Summersweet Clethra Bunchberry Teaberry Oak‐leaf Hydrangea Winterberry Holly Mountain Laurel Spicebush Common Ninebark Sweet Azalea Pinxter Azalea Maple‐leaf Viburnum Blackhaw Viburnum

HERBACEOUS

Actaea pachypoda Adiantum pedatum Allium cernuum Aquilegia canadensis Arisaema dracontium Arisaema triphyllum Aruncus dioicus Asarum canadense Aster divaricatus Athyrium felix‐femina Carex pensylvanica Carex plantaginea Caulophyllum thalictroides Chrysogonum virginianum Cimicifuga racemosa Cypripedium acaule Dicentra eximia Disporum lanuginosum Dodecatheon meadia Geranium maculatum Hepatica Americana Mertensia virginica Michella repens Mitella diphylla Phlox stolonifera Podophyllum peltatum Polemonium reptans Polygonatum commutatum Sanguinaria canadensis Sedum ternatum Smilacina racemosa Tiarella cordifolia Trillium cernuum Trillium erectum Trillium grandiflorum Trillium sessile Uvularia grandiflora Waldstienia fragarioides

Doll's Eyes Maidenhair Fern Nodding Onion Wild Columbine Green Dragon Jack‐in‐the‐Pulpit Goatsbeard Wild Ginger White Wood Aster Lady Fern Pennsylvania Sedge Plantain Sedge Blue Cohosh Green & Gold Black Cohosh Pink Lady's Slipper Wild Bleeding Heart Yellow Mandarin Common Shooting Star Wild Geranium Round‐leaf Hepatica Virginia Bluebells Partridgeberry Bishop's Cap Creeping Phlox Mayapple Jacob's Ladder Solomon's Seal Bloodroot Wild Stonecrop False Solomon's Seal Foamflower Nodding Trillium Red Trillium Large‐flowered Wakerobin Toadshade Perforated Bellwort Barren Strawberry

G Debris removal and general trail clean-up o Ann has contacted maintenance to cut up all dead tree material on the trail o Volunteer day has been scheduled for June 24th, 2008 and volunteers have been contacted Working to remove cut-up debris, prune and complete trail clean-up

G Site Survey/Analysis o Met with Sarah on Monday, June 9, 2008 to discuss the use of GPS for mapping the site and for the creation of a digital plant database. Sarah will be helping us to create all the files we need to survey the site and create the plant database with the ability to add information on a yearly basis Will also be able to create maps of the site (present conditions, our design & as installed)

G GPS Criteria o Ground Plane Information Project site boundaries Location of actual trail Soil pH zones (testing a located quadrant points then interpolation to create general regions) Drainage areas (wet & dry regions) View sheds to maintain Performed maintenance o Art as Artifact Piece location Date of completion Artist Information General description over time o Herbaceous Layer Information Plant Species Location on trail Origin (i.e. original to site, purchased from …) Size of population Health description (Time of bloom, pest problems & remediation, …) Performed maintenance o Shrub & Vine Layer Information Plant Species Location on trail Origin Size (Height & Spread) Health description (Leaf-out date, time of bloom, pest problems & remediation, date of fall coloration, …) Performed maintenance

o Understory Tree Information (Including both true understory species and canopy species with a caliper size of 1 - 4”) Plant species Location on trail Origin Size (caliper for single stem species, approximate height for multi-stem species & approximate canopy diameter) Health description (as above…) Performed maintenance o Canopy Information Plant Species Location on trail Origin Size (caliper & approximate canopy diameter) Health description (as above…) Performed maintenance

Plant Database Description G ID G G

G G

o Numerical identification (001 – 379) Species o Latin name (ex. A. rubrum) Origin o Original – Existed on site at first accession o “Source Name” (ex. Klyn Nursery) – Nursery of origin, for plants added to site after initial accession Health Acronyms o CLD – central leader dead o CNG – colored new growth o CP – corrective pruning o CRB – crossing/rubbing branches o DM – in decline, monitor o DW – deadwood o ID – insect damage o IG – insect gall o LS – leaf spot o ML – multiple leaders o MP – multiple plants/mass o NBG – new basal growth o TDM – trunk damage, monitor o TFD – tree fall damage Maintenance o Pruning o GR – greenbrier removal DBH (diameter at breast height, approx. 4’ from ground) o Measured to nearest ¼” o For multiple leader trees, DBH measured at point of connection o For multiple leader trees where point of connection is only root system, larger DBH recorded Spread (canopy spread) o Measured to nearest foot Layer o Canopy o Understory o Ground Plane

Total Plant Composition Species Name

Acer rubrum Acer saccharum Amelanchier arborea Betula lenta Cornus alternifolia Cornus florida Cypripedium acaule Fagus grandifolia Fraxinus pensylvanica Hamamelis virginiana Ilex verticillata Kalmia latifolia Liriodendron tulipifera Lycopodium obscurum Magnolia acuminata Nyssa sylvatica Prunus serotina Quercus alba Quercus borealis Quercus coccinea Quercus hybrid Quercus montana Quercus velutina Rhododendron maximum Sassafras albidum Trillium undulatum Tsuga canadensis

Common Name Red Maple Sugar Maple Serviceberry Sweet Birch Pagoda Dogwood Flowering Dogwood Pink Lady Slipper American Beech Green Ash Common Witchhazel Winterberry Holly Mountain-laurel Tulip Poplar Ground Pine Cucumbertree Magnolia Black Tupelo Black Cherry White Oak Red Oak Scarlet Oak Hybrid Oak Chestnut Oak Black Oak Rosebay Rhododendron Sassafras Painted Trillium Eastern Hemlock

Total Number % Total 52 13.9 4 1.1 9 2.4 1 0.3 3 0.8 1 0.3 2 0.5 2 0.5 3 0.8 99 26.5 1 0.3 5 1.3 4 1.1 2 0.5 2 33 15 29 14 5 3 7 7

0.5 8.8 4 7.8 3.8 1.3 0.8 1.9 1.9

28 14 3 25

7.5 3.8 0.8 6.7

Composition by Forest Layer Canopy Species Name

Acer rubrum Amelanchier arborea Betula lenta Fagus grandifolia Hamamelis virginiana Liriodendron tulipifera Magnolia acuminata Nyssa sylvatica Quercus alba Quercus borealis Quercus coccinea Quercus hybrid Quercus montana Quercus velutina Sassafras albidum Tsuga canadensis Understory Species Name

Acer rubrum Amelanchier arborea Cornus florida Fagus grandifolia Fraxinus pensylvanica Hamamelis virginiana Ilex verticillata Kalmia latifolia Magnolia acuminata

Common Name Red Maple Serviceberry Sweet Birch American Beech Common Witchhazel Tulip Poplar Cucumbertree Magnolia Black Tupelo White Oak Red Oak Scarlet Oak Hybrid Oak Chestnut Oak Black Oak Sassafras Eastern Hemlock

Total Number % Total 13 17.3 2 2.7 1 1.3 1 1.3 1 1.3 4 5.3

Common Name Red Maple Serviceberry Flowering Dogwood American Beech Green Ash Common Witchhazel Winterberry Holly Mountain-laurel Cucumbertree Magnolia

Total Number % Total 39 13.7 7 2.5 1 0.4 1 0.4 3 1.1 98 34.5 1 0.4 5 1.8

1 2 21 3 5 2 3 5 3 8

1.3 2.7 28.8 4.0 6.7 2.7 4.0 6.7 4.0 10.7

0.4

Nyssa sylvatica Prunus serotina Quercus alba Quercus borealis Quercus hybrid Quercus montana Quercus velutina Rhododendron maximum Sassafras albidum Tsuga canadensis

Black Tupelo Black Cherry White Oak Red Oak Hybrid Oak Chestnut Oak Black Oak Rosebay Rhododendron Sassafras Eastern Hemlock

Ground Plane Species Name

Common Name

Acer saccharum Cornus alternifolia Cypripedium acaule Lycopodium obscurum Trillium undulatum

Sugar Maple Pagoda Dogwood Pink Lady Slipper Ground Pine Painted Trillium

31 15 8 11 1 4 2

10.9 5.3 2.8 3.9 0.4 1.4 0.7

28 11 17

9.9 3.9 6.0

Total Number

% Total

4 3 2 2 3

28.6 21.4 14.3 14.3 21.4

Plant Database ID

Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

C. florida A. rubrum T. canadensis A. rubrum T. canadensis H. virginiana R. maximum S. albidum T. canadensis T. canadensis T. canadensis T. canadensis F. pensylvanica L. tulipifera S. albidum T. canadensis A. rubrum L. tulipifera H. virginiana H. virginiana H. virginiana S. albidum Q. montana L. tulipifera S. albidum N. sylvatica N. sylvatica DEAD

A. rubrum T. canadensis A. rubrum H. virginiana A. rubrum Q. alba

Origin Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original

Health ID MP ML ML DM ML DEAD ML MP -

Maintenance DBH Spread Layer Pruning 5 21 Understory Pruning 1 9 Understory Pruning 2 1/2 8 Understory 10 3/4 24 Canopy Pruning 2 1/2 9 Understory 23 Canopy 12 Understory 6 20 Canopy Pruning 5 1/4 13 Understory Pruning 7 1/4 14 Canopy Pruning 7 16 Canopy Pruning 6 3/4 17 Canopy 1 6 Understory 19 1/2 30 Canopy grove 7 Understory Pruning 10 3/4 16 Canopy 1 10 Understory 26 3/4 38 Canopy Pruning 13 Understory Pruning 8 Understory Pruning 14 Understory Pruning 1 1/4 9 Understory Pruning 1 7 Understory 15 22 Canopy 8 6 Understory 6 1/2 16 Understory 1 9 Understory For Wildlife DEAD DEAD Understory 11 1/2 32 Canopy Pruning 5 17 Understory 10 3/4 22 Canopy Pruning 20 Understory Pruning 2 1/4 8 Understory Pruning 2 3/4 9 Understory

35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

A. rubrum H. virginiana H. virginiana H. virginiana N. sylvatica H. virginiana T. canadensis H. virginiana Q. borealis H. virginiana A. rubrum H. virginiana

Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original

ML DM DW MP MP

47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73

H. virginiana H. virginiana A. arborea N. sylvatica H. virginiana P. serotina H. virginiana Q. borealis P. serotina Q. alba A. rubrum P. serotina H. virginiana P. serotina Q. alba T. canadensis H. virginiana A. rubrum Q. alba H. virginiana H. virginiana M. acuminata S. albidum A. arborea S. albidum Q. alba Q. borealis

TDM IG TDM IG, TDM LS ML MP MP -

Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning GR, Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning

2 1/2 7 14 1/2 2 1/2 10 -

11 16 14 11 13 13 24 14 10 23 28 24

Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory

5 4 2 3/4 3 2 3/4 16 3 1/4 1 1 18 5 3/4 2 1/2 29 5 1/4 1 2 grove 9 2 1/2

20 19 20 16 21 11 22 13 8 18 9 13 9 5 27 19 16 4 29 13 25 14 8 10 6 19 12

Understory Understory Canopy Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory

74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88

H. virginiana H. virginiana S. albidum Q. alba P. serotina H. virginiana R. maximum H. virginiana DEAD

H. virginiana R. maximum A. rubrum H. virginiana F. grandifolia A. rubrum

89 H. virginiana 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111

Q. coccinea A. rubrum R. maximum P. serotina R. maximum T. canadensis DEAD

A. rubrum T. canadensis A. arborea Q. velutina A. arborea Q. borealis R. maximum S. albidum Q. borealis N. sylvatica A. arborea Q. montana H. virginiana K. latifolia R. maximum

Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original

DW TDM MP DEAD MP, ID DW -

Original ML, DM, Original DW Original Original MP Original CLD Original Original Original DEAD Original Original Original ML Original ML, DW Original ML Original Original Original DW, TDM Original Original Original DW Original Original Original LS Original -

Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning For Wildlife Pruning Pruning Pruning, GR

12 Understory 13 Understory 1 9 Understory 18 35 Canopy 3 18 Understory 7 Understory 11 Understory 16 Understory DEAD DEAD Understory 10 Understory 11 Understory 3 1/2 21 Understory 11 Understory 2 3/4 16 Understory 5 1/2 22 Canopy

Pruning Pruning Pruning For Wildlife Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning

24 36 Canopy 15 1/4 26 Canopy 8 Understory 1 7 Understory 18 Understory 1 1/2 26 Canopy DEAD DEAD Understory 5 26 Canopy 14 1/2 24 Canopy 25 Understory 9 14 Canopy 8 1/4 31 Understory 8 3/4 24 Canopy 14 Understory 5 8 Understory 8 14 Canopy 5 15 Understory 2 10 Understory 9 3/4 17 Canopy 7 Understory 6 Understory 12 Understory

19 Understory

112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150

A. rubrum R. maximum A. arborea S. albidum H. virginiana Q. montana N. sylvatica T. canadensis A. rubrum R. maximum S. albidum S. albidum H. virginiana H. virginiana T. canadensis B. lenta R. maximum Q. alba A. rubrum R. maximum H. virginiana F. grandfolia R. maximum N. sylvatica N. sylvatica H. virginiana L. obscurum N. sylvatica N. sylvatica A. rubrum R. maximum R. maximum N. sylvatica A. rubrum H. virginiana A. rubrum A. rubrum N. sylvatica R. maximum

Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original

ML ML, DM DW, DM TFD MP DM DW CRB CRB DM ML DW LS LS CLD, DM MP

Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning -

8 3/4 7 3/4 6 5 2 3/4 5 1/4 5 3/4 >1 4 3/4 1 12 1/4 15 1/4 3 9 1/4 2 2 1/4 2 3/4 2 1/2 7 3/4 2 1/4 1 4 1/4 2 1/4 3 1/4 -

17 12 22 13 19 16 8 14 19 36 3 8 19 19 8 33 14 25 16 7 6 45 10 8 8 13 45 10 10 22 11 16 10 11 12 14 18 6 29

Canopy Understory Canopy Canopy Understory Canopy Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Ground Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory

151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184

Q. alba N. sylvatica H. virginiana Q. borealis Q. borealis Q. velutina Q. montana H. virginiana N. sylvatica Q. borealis H. virginiana Q. borealis Q. alba P. serotina R. maximum H. virginiana Q. hybrid H. virginiana Q. montana H. virginiana H. virginiana Q. borealis Q. alba A. arborea N. sylvatica N. sylvatica N. sylvatica H. virginiana L. tulipifera H. virginiana T. canadensis A. rubrum A. rubrum H. virginiana

DW MP MP CRB DW ID MP ID ID TDM DW ID LS LS -

185 186 187 188 189

H. virginiana H. virginiana Q. hybrid H. virginiana Q. borealis

Original Original Original Original Original

MP MP ID, DM MP ID

Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning, GR Pruning Pruning -

16 1/4 2 3/4 3 1/4 >1 1 1/2 >1 2 1/4 1 1/4 1 3/4 18 1/4 >1 3 1/2 4 1/4 1 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/4 2 3/4 3 3 14 1/2 5 1/4 3 3/4 5 3/4 -

50 5 14 12 4 7 5 20 5 9 15 8 38 5 7 19 14 19 20 13 14 10 8 14 16 12 14 16 18 10 14 11 23 7

Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory

19 14 3/4

20 16 17 20 33

Understory Understory Canopy Understory Canopy

190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228

H. virginiana T. canadensis Q. borealis T. canadensis R. maximum A. rubrum N. sylvatica R. maximum H. virginiana H. virginiana A. rubrum T. canadensis N. sylvatica R. maximum N. sylvatica N. sylvatica T. canadensis T. canadensis H. virginiana H. virginiana T. canadensis Q. montana H. virginiana A. rubrum P. serotina H. virginiana Q. alba N. sylvatica P. serotina H. virginiana T. canadensis H. virginiana N. sylvatica N. sylvatica H. virginiana A. rubrum Q. alba K. latifolia H. virginiana

MP LS DW MP LS MP, ID ML ML DW CP LS CP TDM DW CLD LS CLD MP -

Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning -

13 2 6 1/4 2 1/2 5 1/4 4 3/4 3 5 3/4 2 1/2 1 2 1/2 2 3/4 9 13 1/2 >1 2 17 1/4 5 1/2 1 1/2 8 1/4 4 1/4 2 1/4 1 1/4 2 1/4 -

7 31 10 14 9 17 24 8 12 20 17 12 24 8 11 8 18 14 12 13 22 26 8 8 10 9 38 16 7 9 24 8 18 7 15 10 8 8 9

Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory

229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 243 245 246 247

T. canadensis N. sylvatica A. rubrum Q. alba A. rubrum R. maximum A. rubrum A. rubrum N. sylvatica A. rubrum K. latifolia Q. borealis N. sylvatica R. maximum Q. alba R. maximum H. virginiana H. virginiana H. virginiana

Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original

LS ML LS MP LS LS LS MP, DM DW ML MP ML MP -

248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267

H. virginiana H. virginiana A. rubrum H. virginiana H. virginiana Q. velutina R. maximum Q. montana H. virginiana R. maximum M. acuminata R. maximum Q. alba H. virginiana H. virginiana H. virginiana H. virginiana H. virginiana N. sylvatica Q. alba

Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original

ML CRB CRB ML MP MP MP MP ID DW -

Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning, GR Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning -

1 1/2 2 3/4 1 25 1/2 2 3/4 2 3 1/2 1 3 1/4 1 1/2 8 3/4 30 -

11 11 10 27 9 16 11 16 6 14 10 9 26 10 50 8 11 9 8

Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory

7 24 1/2 1 1/2 3 1/2 12 1/2 7 3/4 8

18 9 22 7 13 30 12 10 22 65 14 17 27 13 11 14 13 16 26 25

Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory

268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307

H. virginiana Q. velutina Q. alba H. virginiana H. virginiana A. arborea H. virginiana H. virginiana R. maximum Q. coccinea H. virginiana L. obscurum Q. alba H. virginiana Q. coccinea Q. alba A. rubrum S. albidum A. rubrum P. serotina H. virginiana H. virginiana Q. alba H. virginiana H. virginiana P. serotina Q. alba H. virginiana A. rubrum Q. velutina H. virginiana H. virginiana N. sylvatica N. sylvatica H. virginiana DEAD

H. virginiana H. virginiana S. albidum

DM MP, DW DW LS MP DW, TDM MP, IG DM CNG ML LS DW, DM IG, CRB DEAD DM

Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning For Wildlife Pruning Pruning -

9 Understory 22 1/2 28 Canopy 12 31 Canopy 25 Understory 11 Understory 3 15 Understory 15 Understory 14 Understory 10 Understory 22 40 Canopy 11 Understory 25 Ground 3 12 Understory 20 Understory 16 1/4 45 Canopy 2 3/4 7 Understory 9 1/2 26 Canopy grove 15 Understory 4 1/2 19 Understory 9 Understory 8 Understory 11 Understory 4 1/4 13 Understory 16 Understory 14 Understory grove 7 Understory 2 3/4 8 Understory 13 Understory 6 17 Understory 6 3/4 12 Canopy 10 Understory 11 Understory >1 6 Understory 2 8 Understory 9 Understory DEAD DEAD Understory 21 Understory 13 Understory 6 1/2 9 Canopy

308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324

H. virginiana S. albidum N. sylvatica R. maximum Q. velutina A. rubrum Q. coccinea A. rubrum H. virginiana Q. velutina H. virginiana A. arborea Q. alba A. rubrum P. serotina H. virginiana Q. alba

Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original

MP MP DW. DM ML DW, DM LS DM, also 297 ID, DM LS, ML -

325 326 327 328 329 330 331

H. virginiana Q. alba A. rubrum A. rubrum A. rubrum N. sylvatica Q. alba

Original Original Original Original Original Original Original

MP LS LS LS DM ID

332 H. virginiana 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344

P. serotina H. virginiana H. virginiana R. maximum Q. hybrid A. rubrum A. rubrum H. virginiana K. latifolia A. rubrum Q. alba Q. coccinea

Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original Original

CMG MP LS LS ID MP, NBG DW, DM TDM

Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning, GR GR Pruning, GR Pruning, GR Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning -

grove 3 3/4 12 3/4 7 1/2 10 1/2 4 3/4 6 3/4 1 3/4 11 1/4 4 1 15

10 24 9 19 32 26 32 21 12 9 7 10 14 34 7 17 31

Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Canopy Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Canopy

16 3/4 1 >1 1 5 1/4 16 1/2

15 23 9 9 10 6 28

Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy

2 1/2 15 1/4 6 4 3 16 31 3/4

19 Understory 9 16 5 27 28 20 18 26 7 11 29 58

Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Canopy

345 346 347 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379

H. virginiana K. latifolia P. serotina Q. borealis H. virginiana F. pensylvanica A. rubrum F. pensylvanica N. sylvatica Q. alba A. rubrum A. rubrum T. canadensis Q. alba A. rubrum A. rubrum Q. alba A. rubrum P. serotina T. canadensis A. rubrum A. saccharum A. saccharum A. saccharum A. saccharum C. alternifolia C. alternifolia C. alternifolia I. verticillata C. acaule C. acaule T. undulatum T. undulatum T. undulatum

MP, ID MP MP, LS, IG LS ML ML, TDM LS LS ML, DW, ID LS LS ML, ID, DM LS Also 220 LS seedling seedling seedling seedling MP Single MP MP MP MP

Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning Pruning -

3 2 1/2 >1 1 2 4x2 29 1/2 2 1/4 2 12 28 2 2 15 2 1 3/4 9 4 1/2 >1 >1 >1 -

14 22 10 14 14 8 12 11 22 67 11 9 28 29 13 13 24 9 8 22 17 3 3 3 6 -

Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Understory Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground

Appendix III: Photo Disks G Â