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The Watchtower (ISSN 0043-1087) is published semimonthly by Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.; M. H. Larson, President; G. F. Simonis, Secretary-Treasurer; 25 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, NY 11201-2483. 5 2011 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of PennsylvaniaD 4/*b1Wnab,\B Wachtturm Bibel- und Traktat-Gesellschaft der Zeugen Jehovas, e. V., Selters/ Taunus. Verantwortliche Redaktion: Ramon Templeton, Selters/Taunus. a1 ]`*,* a\f`*ZqpbaqD Printed in Germany.

Vol. 132, No. 21

Semimonthly

RUSSIAN

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Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum

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22

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BM 21901 and BM 35382: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum; BM 21946: Copyright British Museum; BM 22047, 25124, 25127: ˘ The Trustees of the British Museum

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˘ The Trustees of the British Museum

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\h1Yd ,\4ZSV b*V\y ,\]`\aH b`1bn1y ab`\V1 ob\y b*+WShVS Z*]Sa*Z\E hb\ wZ\hnp =O-\x /Zq ]1`,\-\ Y1aqg* LZSa*ZdNZSa*ZM w dZ* +mW* , 5 W\Vb1 ]1`1/ Ã&#x; Ë™1,mxD 1Y Z1 Y1Z11 , 5=59 -\/d \y-1+*do` S *y/Z1` Z*]Sa*WSE hb\ , 9:< -\/d /\ ZD oD LV\b\`my ]`S,\/Sb V 9<; -\/d /\ ZD oD V*V V -\/d `*4`dj1ZSq 1`da*WSY*M w dZ* ab\qW* , 5 W\Vb1 ]1`1/ ob\y 4,14/\y < ZSa*Z*E * Z1 = ZSa*Z*x LVd`aS, Z*jDP 1/DMD /Z*V\ \]Sa*ZSp S4 b*+WShVS ]\WZ\abnp a\\b,1bab,\,*W\ ]\W\31ZS1 dZm = ZSa*Z* 9<< -\/* /\ ZD oDE hb\ dV*4m,*1b Z* :>; -\/ /\ ZD oD

]`\jW\Y5=D V*V\Yd ,m,\/d \ZS ]`SjWSH b\ ,`1O Yq V*V Z1 ,a1 \]Sa*ZSq ]\W\31ZSy dZm ]\/f\/qb ]\/ 9:<N9:; -\/ /\ ZD oDE ,a1 57 \]Sa*ZSy a\\b,1bO ab,dpb ]\W\31ZSqYE ,mhSaW1ZZmY /Wq 9<<N9<; -\/* /\ ZD oD

< SWS = ZSa*ZdH 5M *V ]\V*4*Z\ Z* e\b\-`*eSSE *VV*/aVSy aSY,\W /Wq gSe`m = \bh1bWS,\ ,S/1ZD 6M `*ZaWSb1`S`dq ob\b VWSZ\]SaZmy b1VabE \y-1+*do` S *y/Z1` 4*Y1ZSWS = Z* <D 7M b\YE hb\ , \`S-SZ*W1 ab\qW* gSe`* =E \ZS dV*4*WS b\WnV\ , aZ\aV1D 8M ˙*31 , a,\1Y ]1`1,\/1 Z* Z1Y1gVSy q4mV \ZS Z*]Sa*WS <D 9M 5=<< -\/d +mW \]d+WSV\,*Z b`d/ *Va* S dZ-1`*E , V\b\`\Y ]`S,\/SWaq b1Vab b*+WShVS +14 S4Y1Z1ZSyE a gSe`\y =D :M a1 31 , *Z-WSyaV\Y ]1`1,\/1 ob\-\ b`d/* dV*4m,*W\anE hb\ = +mW\ Z*]Sa*Z\ w]\ \jS+V1 ,Y1ab\ <xD

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`SY1h*ZSq 5D WSZ\]San P ob\ a]\a\+ ]SanY*E 4*O VWph*pkSyaq , Z*Z1a1ZSS Z* -WSZqZm1 b*+WShVS SWS Z* V*Y1Zn VWSZ\,S/Zmf h1`b\h1VD 6D Assyrian and Babylonian ChroniclesE by A. K. GraysonE published 1975E 2000 reprintE p. 8. 7D \,\,*,SW\ZaVSy ]1`S\/ Z*h*Waq , VII ,1V1 /\ ZD oDE V\-/* *,SW\ZaV\y SYO ]1`S1y ab*W* ]`*,Sbn /SZ*abSq f*W/1yO aVSf g*`1yD 1`,mY ]`*,Sb1W1Y +mW *+\]*W*a*`E \b1g *,df\/\Z\a\`* llD 'b\b ]1`S\/ 4*V\ZhSWaqE V\-/* ]\aO W1/ZSy f*W/1yaVSy g*`nE *+\ZS/E +mW a,1`-Zdb ]1`aS/aVSY g*`1Y S`\Y , 97= -\/d /\ ZD oD 8D Neo-Babylonian Business and Administrative DocumentsE by Ellen Whitley MooreE published 1935E p. 33. 9D ArchimedesE Vol. 4E New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and TechnologyE “Observations and Predictions of Eclipse Times by Early AstronomersE� by John M. SteeleE published 2000E p. 36. :D Amel-Marduk 562-560 B.C.—A Study Based on CuneiformE Old TestamentE GreekE Latin and Rabbinical Sources. With PlatesE by Ronald H. SackE published 1972E p. 3. ;D *+WShVS BM 80920 S BM 58872 /*O bS`\,*Zm h1b,1`bmY S ]qbmY Y1aqg*O YS -\/* ,\aj1ab,Sq Z* ]`1ab\W ˚,SWO Y1`\/*f*D f \]d+WSV\,*W , a,\1Y b`d/1 \Z*Wn/ *V LAmel-Marduk 562560 B.C.—A Study Based on CuneiformE Old TestamentE GreekE Latin and Rabbinical Sources. With PlatesE pp. 3E 90E 106MD <D *+WShV* BM 55806E Z*f\/qk*qaq , `Sb*ZaV\Y Yd411E /*bS`\,*Z* /1O aqbmY Y1aqg1Y 87O-\ -\/* ]`*,W1ZSq *,df\/\Z\a\`* llD =D *+WShVS BM 75106 S BM 61325 /*bSO `\,*Zm a1/nYmY S /1aqbmY Y1aqg*YSE V*V ahSb*1baqE ]\aW1/Z1-\ L,b\`\-\M -\O /* ]`*,W1ZSq g*`q ˚,SWY1`\/*f*D /Z*V\ b*+WShV* BM 75489 /*bS`\O ,*Z* ,b\`mY Y1aqg1Y -\/* ,\aj1ab,Sq Z* ]`1ab\W 1`S-WSaa*`*E 1-\ ]`11YO ZSV* LCatalogue of the Babylonian Tablets in the British MuseumE Vol. VIIIE [Tablets From Sippar 3] by Erle LeichtyE J. J. FinkelsteinE and C.B.F. WalkerE published 1988E pp. 25E 35MD Catalogue of the Babylonian Tablets in the British MuseumE Vol. VIIE LTablets From Sippar 2M by Erle Leichty and A. K. GraysonE published 1987E p. 36. Neriglissar—King of BabylonE by Ronald H. SackE published 1994E p. 232. * b*+WShO V1 dV*4*Z Y1aqg *y`d L,b\`\y Y1aqgMD 5>D *aaY\b`SY ]`SY1` 1`S-WSaa*O `*D \/Z\y g*`aV\y Z*/]SaS \ Z1Y -\O ,\`SbaqE hb\ \Z +mW wamZ\Y 1WO jdYOSjVdZ*E g*`q *,SW\Z*x LVd`aS, Z*jDP 1/DMD /`d-\y Z*/]SaS 1WO jdYOSjVdZ Z*4,*Z wYd/`mY VZq41YxD W\,\ `d+*dE ]1`1,1/1ZZ\1 a q4mV*

\`S-SZ*W* V*V wVZq4nxEP ob\ bSbdWE V\O b\`my b*V31 \4Z*h*1b wg*`nE ]`*,SO b1WnxD \aV\WnVd adk1ab,d1b ]`\bS,\O `1hS1 , b\YE V\-/* 1`S-WSaa*` aY1ZSW Z* ]`1ab\W1 a,\1-\ ]`1/j1ab,1ZZSV*E Y1WnO *`/dV*E Y\31b WS +mbnE hb\ Y13/d ZSYS ]`*,SW 1WOjdYOSjVdZE wg*`n *,SW\Z*xH `\e1aa\` 1yY\Z/ SWS]] Ë™\f1`bS ]`S4Z*WE hb\ wZ1Wn4q ]`1Z1+`1-*bn b1Y e*Vb\YE hb\ 1`S-O WSaa*` +mW 4Z*bZ\-\ ]`\Saf\3/1ZSqx LNabonidus and Belshazzar—A Study of the Closing Events of the Neo-Babylonian EmpireE by Raymond P. DoughertyE published 1929E p. 61MD 55D Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts From BabyloniaE VolD VE edited by Hermann HungerE published 2001E pp. 2-3. 56D Journal of Cuneiform StudiesE Vol. 2E No. 4E 1948E rA Classification of the Babylonian Astronomical Tablets of the Seleucid PeriodEs by A. SachsE pp. 282-283. 57D Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts From Babylonia. Vol. VE p. 391. 58D Brown David. Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. 2000E p. 164E 201—202. 59D Bibliotheca OrientalisE Vol. 50, Ĺ 1/2E Januari-MaartE 1993E “The Astronomical Diaries as a Source for Achaemenid and Seleucid HistoryEâ€? by R. J. van der SpekE pp. 94E 102. 5:D Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts From BabyloniaE Vol. IE by Abraham J. SachsE completed and edited by Hermann HungerE published 1988E p. 47. 5;D Babylonian Eclipse Observations From 750 BC to 1 BCE by Peter J. Huber and Salvo De MeisE published 2004E p. 186. \-W*aZ\ VAT 4956E ob\ 4*bY1ZS1 aWdhSW\an , 59Oy /1Zn b`1O bn1-\ Y1aqg* ]\ ,*,SW\ZaV\Yd V*O W1Z/*`pE aW1/\,*b1WnZ\E Y1aqg aS,*Zd Z*h*Waq 59 /ZqYS `*Znj1D ËšaWS 4*bY1O ZS1 ]`\S4\jW\ 59 SpWq 9<< -\/* /\ ZD oD ]\ pWS*ZaV\Yd V*W1Z/*`pE b\ ]1`O ,my /1Zn aS,*Zd +mW 7> SpZqN5 SpWq 9<< -\/* /\ ZD oD b*V\Y aWdh*1 ]1`,my Y1aqg ,*,SW\ZaV\-\ V*W1Z/*O `q LZSa*ZdM /\W31Z +mW Z*h*bnaq /,dO Yq Y1aqg*YS `*Z11E 6N7 Y*qD \/E , V\b\`my ]`\S4\jW\ ob\ 4*bY1ZS1E /\WO 31Z +mW Z*h*bnaq 7N8 *]`1WqE Z\ , j1O ab\y ab`\V1 VAT 4956 Z*]Sa*Z\E hb\ ]\aO W1 /,1Z*/g*b\-\ L]\aW1/Z1-\M Y1aqg* L*/*`dM ]`1/m/dk1-\ -\/* +mW /\+*,O W1Z /\]\WZSb1WnZmy Y1aqgD L b*+WShV1 Z*]Sa*Z\B w<Oy /1Zn Y1aqg* XII6 57O-\ Y1aqg* xDM \ob\Yd Z\,my -\/ Z*h*Waq Z1 `*Znj1 6N7 Y*qD *VSY \+`*4\YE /*O b* WdZZ\-\ 4*bY1ZSq , 9<< -\/d /\ ZD oD ]\WZ\abnp ]\/f\/Sb ]\/ \]Sa*ZS1 S4 b*+WShVSD 5<D \-W*aZ\ \y-1+*do`d S *y/Z1`dE , b*+WShV1 ]`S,\/qbaq 57 Z*+Wp/1ZSy dZm \bZ\aSb1WnZ\ \]`1/1W1ZZ\y 4,14/m SWS a\4,14/SqD ZS b*V31 ]1`1hSaWqpb 59 ]\W\31ZSy ]W*Z1b ¨ LBerichte uber die Verhandlungen der ¨ ¨ Konigl. Sachsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig; Vol. 67; May 5E

5=59; in the article â€?Ein astronomischer Beobachtungstext aus dem 7;. Jahre Nebukadnezars IIâ€?E by Paul V. Neugebauer and Ernst F. WeidnerE pp. 67-76MD \bq VWSZ\]SaZmy 4Z*VE \+\4Z*h*pkSy dZdE Z1 ,m4m,*1b a\YZ1ZSqE Z1V\b\`m1 4Z*O VSE \+\4Z*h*pkS1 ]W*Z1bm S Sf ]\W\O 31ZSqE Z1]\ZqbZm LMesopotamian Planetary Astronomy—AstrologyE by David BrownE published 2000E pp. 53-57MD 4O4* ob\-\ \]Sa*ZS1 ]\W\31ZSy ]W*Z1b Y\3O Z\ SZb1`]`1bS`\,*bn ]\O`*4Z\YdD *V V*V ]\W\31ZS1 dZm Z1b`d/Z\ ,mhSaO WSbnE ]\W\31ZSq \ab*WnZmf Z1+1aZmf b1WE \]Sa*ZZm1 , VAT 4956 \bZ\aSb1WnZ\ dZmE Y\3Z\ \]`1/1WSbn S /*bS`\,*bn a ,ma\V\y ab1]1Znp b\hZ\abSD 5<*D 'bS SZb1`,*Wm LwWdZZm1 b`\yVSxM +mWS Y1`\y ,`1Y1ZSE Z*]`SY1` \b 4*f\/* \WZg* /\ 4*f\/* dZm , ]1`,my /1Zn Y1aqg* S , /,* /`d-Sf /Zq Y1aqg*D h1Zm1 a,q4*WS obS S4O Y1`1ZSq a V*W1Z/*`ZmYS /*b*YS LThe Earliest Datable Observation of the Aurora BorealisE by F. R. Stephenson and David M. WillisE in Under One Sky —Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near EastE edited by John M. Steele and Annette ImhausenE published 2002E pp. 420-428MD Ë™Wq b\-\ hb\+m S4O Y1`Sbn ob\b ]`\Y13db\V ,`1Y1ZSE /`1,Z1Yd Z*+Wp/*b1Wp +mWS Z1\+f\O /SYm a,\1-\ `\/* h*amD *VS1 S4Y1`1O ZSq +mWS Z1b\hZmYS LArchimedesE Vol. 4E New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and TechnologyE Observations and Predictions of Eclipse Times by Early AstronomersE by John M. SteeleE published 2000E pp. 65-66MD /Z*V\ ,mhSaW1O ZSq ]\W\31ZSq dZm \bZ\aSb1WnZ\ /`dO -Sf Z1+1aZmf b1W +mWS +\W11 b\hZmYSD 5=D Ë™*ZZm1 SaaW1/\,*ZSq +mWS ]`\O ,1/1Zm a ]\Y\knp V\Y]npb1`Z\y ]`\-`*YYm wTheSky6xD f\/1 SaaW1/\O ,*ZSq b*V31 Sa]\Wn4\,*W*an Z1V\YO Y1`h1aV*q ]`\-`*YY* wCartes du Ciel/Sky Chartsx (CDC) S ]`\-`*YY* V\Z,1`b*gSS /*bE ]`1/\ab*,W1ZZ*q \`aV\y \+a1`,*b\`S1y " D 4O4* b\-\ hb\ YZ\-S1 VWSZ\]SaZm1 4Z*VSE \+\4Z*h*pkS1 ]\W\31ZS1 ]W*Z1bE Y\3Z\ SZb1`]`1bS`\,*bn ]\O`*4Z\YdE , /*ZZ\Y SaaW1/\,*ZSSE g1Wnp V\b\`\O -\ +mW\ ,mhSaWSbn -\/E d]\YSZ*,jSyaq , ob\Y /Z1,ZSV1E ]\W\31ZSq obSf ]W*O Z1b Z1 dhSbm,*WSanD 6>D Berichte uber die Verhandlungen der ¨ Konigl. Sachsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu LeipzigE Vol. 67E May 1E 1915; rEin astronomischer Beobachtungstext aus dem 37. Jahre Nebukadnezars IIE L-567/66MsE by Paul V. Neugebauer and Ernst F. WeidnerE p. 41. 65D b*+WShV1 VAT 4956E , b`1bn1y ab`\V1E Z*]Sa*Z\B w dZ* +mW* , 5 W\Vb1 , 6 -`*/da*f ]1`1/ Ă&#x; Ë™1,mxD mO j1d]\YqZdb\1 SaaW1/\,*ZS1 ]\V*4*W\E hb\ = ZSa*Zd dZ* +mW* , 6{>81 ]1`1/ Ă&#x; Ë™1,m S >{ ZS31 Z11D \ YZ1ZSp SaO aW1/\,*b1W1yE ob\ +mW\ b\hZ\1 a\,]*O /1ZS1D

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