/TNE-49-v3

I S S N

©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 ‡¡…“¬π - ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2549

1 9 0 5 - 0 9 8 4

Vol.3 April - June 2006

‡√◊ Õ Ë ß‡≈à “ „π «π... «π惰…»“ µ√å ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√°‘ µ‘ ‘Ï Story Told in a Garden The Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden

∫∑‡√’¬π√“§“·æß °√≥’»°÷ …“πÈ”∑à«¡‡™’¬ß„À¡à 2548

Lesson Learned Case Study of Chiang Mai Flood in 2005

º≈°√–∑∫®“°‡Àµÿ°“√≥åπÈ”¡—π√—«Ë ‰À≈„π∑–‡≈∫√‘‡«≥ ∑à“‡∑’¬∫‡√◊Õ·À≈¡©∫—ß ®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’

Impacts of Oil Spill in Laem Chabang Port, Chonburi Province ≥¿“æ ‘ ¿“æ ‘ßË ßË ·«¥≈â ·«¥≈âÕÕ¡™ÿ ¡™ÿ¡¡™π ™π ¥—¥—™™π’π’™™«’È «’È ¥— ¥— §ÿ§ÿ≥

Community Environmental Quality Indicators

”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

06 “√∫—≠

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Contents

∫∑§«“¡æ‘‡»… I Special Article 06 «—π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡‚≈°°—∫ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑World Environment Day and Thailandûs Environment

∫∑ —¡¿“…≥å I Interview 10

‡√◊ÕË ß‡≈à“„π «π... «π惰…»“ µ√å ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√°‘ µ‘ ‘Ï Story Told in a Garden... the Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden

¡¥ÿ≈·≈–À≈“°À≈“¬ I Balance and Diverse 14 18 20

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¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“»‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈߉ª·≈â« ‡√“§«√∑”Õ¬à“߉√?

Climate Change : What should we do about it. √“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å§≥ ÿ ¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ æ.». 2548 State of the Environment Report 2005 ∑ÿßà ∫—«µÕß ¡À—»®√√¬å·Ààߢÿπ‡¢“ “¬À¡Õ° ·≈–¥Õ°‰¡â Bua - Tong Field, the Wonder of the Hills Memories of beautiful yellow flowers and mysterious morning fogs

‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–¡≈æ‘… I Environment and Pollution 26 30 36 40

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º≈°√–∑∫®“°‡Àµÿ°“√≥åπÈ”¡—π√—«Ë ‰À≈„π∑–‡≈∫√‘‡«≥ ∑à“‡∑’¬∫‡√◊Õ·À≈¡©∫—ß ®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ Impacts of Oil Spill in Laem Chabang Port, Chonburi Province §ÿ≥æ√–™à«¬! ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß∑’«Ë ¥— ∫“ßæ√– Oh my god! The Murals at Wat Bang Praz ¥—™π’™«’È ¥— §ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π Community Environmental Quality Indicators ∫∑‡√’¬π√“§“·æß : °√≥’πÈ”∑à«¡‡™’¬ß„À¡à ªï 2548 Lesson Learned : Case Study of Chiang Mai Flood in 2005

՗懥∑ ÷π“¡‘ I Tsunami Update 44 ·π–𔇫Á∫‰´µå π÷ “¡‘ Introducing Tsunami Website

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‡«∑’‚≈° I Global Forum 48

°“√ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√ §√—ßÈ ∑’Ë 34 ¢ÕßÕπÿ ≠ — ≠“«à“¥â«¬æ◊πÈ ∑’™Ë ¡ÿà πÈ” 34th Standing Committee Meeting of the Ramsar Convention

¿“殓°ª° : ¥‘π·¥π∑’ÀË ≈“¬§π¡—°¡Õߺà“π ·µà„𧫓¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß ∑’πË §’Ë Õ◊ ‚≈° à«πµ—«∑’ºË §Ÿâ π· «ßÀ“ ‡æ√“–¡’∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈–§«“¡ ß∫‡ß’¬∫„Àâ∑°ÿ §π —¡º— ‰¥â ≥ ‡°“–‰°à À√◊Õ ™‘°‡°π ‰Õ·≈π¥å ®—ßÀ«—¥°√–∫’Ë

Cover Picture : ¢âÕ§‘¥‡ÀÁπ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–„¥Ê ∑’πË ”‡ πÕ„π∫∑§«“¡µà“ßÊ ‡ªìπ¢Õß ºŸ‡â ¢’¬π All comments and recommendations in this journal are exclusively of the author.

Chicken Island in Krabi Province is frequently given a miss by most travelers. The fact is, with its natural beauty and serene atmosphere, Chicken Island offers a secret paradise for those seeking such a place.

©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 ‡¡…“¬π - ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2549

∫∑∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ Editorial

Vol.3 April - June 2006

‡π◊ÕË ß„π«‚√°“ ∑’„Ë πªï 2549 π’‡È ªìπªï·Ààߧ«“¡ªîµ¬‘ π‘ ¥’¢Õߪ√–™“™π™“«‰∑¬∑’æË √–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸÀà «— œ ∑√ߧ√Õß ‘√√‘ “™ ¡∫—µ§‘ √∫ 60 ªï ´÷ßË π—∫«à“∑√߇ªìπÕߧåæ√–ª√–¡ÿ¢∑’§Ë √Õß√“™¬å¬“«π“π∑’ Ë ¥ÿ „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–„π‚≈° æ√–Õߧå∑√߇ªìπæ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬å ºŸ∑â √߇ªìπºŸπâ ”∑’¬Ë ß‘Ë „À≠à„πÀ—«„®¢Õߧπ‰∑¬∑—ßÈ ·ºàπ¥‘𠇪ìπæ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬ºå ∑Ÿâ √ßæ√–§ÿ≥Õ—πª√–‡ √‘∞¬‘ßË ∑√ßæ√–«‘√¬‘ –Õÿµ “À– Õÿ∑»‘ °”≈—ßæ√–«√°“¬ °”≈—ßæ√–ªí≠≠“ °”≈—ßæ√–√“™∑√—æ¬å «à πæ√–Õß§å ª√–°Õ∫æ√–√“™°√≥’¬°‘®π“π—ª°“√‡ªìπ§ÿ≥“πÿª√–‚¬™πå·°à ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘·≈–æ °π‘°√™“«‰∑¬∑’ÕË ¬Ÿ„à µâ√¡à æ√–∫√¡‚æ∏‘ ¡¿“√¢Õßæ√–ÕߧåÕ¬à“ß∑—«Ë ∂÷ß ¡¥—ßæ√–√“™ª≥‘∏“πµ“¡æ√–ª∞¡∫√¡ √“™‚Õß°“√¢Õßæ√–Õߧå ∑’æË √–√“™∑“π‰«â‡¡◊ÕË §√—ßÈ æ√–√“™æ‘∏∫’ √¡√“™“¿‘‡…° ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 5 情¿“§¡ æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ 2493 ∑’«Ë “à ç‡√“®–§√Õß·ºàπ¥‘π‚¥¬∏√√¡ ‡æ◊ÕË ª√–‚¬™πå ¢ÿ ·Ààß¡À“™π™“« ¬“¡é µ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“ 60 ªï æ√–Õߧå∑√ߪ√–°Õ∫æ√–√“™°√≥’¬°‘®µà“ßÊ ¡“°¡“¬ ¥—ß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°‚§√ß°“√À≈«ßÀ√◊Õ‚§√ß°“√µ“¡ æ√–√“™¥”√‘∑«—Ë ∑ÿ°¿“§ ®“°¬Õ¥¥Õ¬®π ÿ¥¢Õ∫·ºàπ¥‘π‰∑¬ ∑—ßÈ „π¥â“π°“√æ—≤π“§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«µ‘ ‡»√…∞°‘® —ߧ¡ ·≈–°“√Õπÿ√°— …å ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¥—߇™à𠂧√ß°“√ΩπÀ≈«ß °“√æ—≤π“·À≈àßπÈ”‡æ◊ÕË √—°…“µâππÈ”≈”∏“√ ‡æ◊ÕË °“√Õÿª‚¿§·≈–∫√‘‚¿§ °“√ªÑÕß°—π°“√æ—ß∑≈“¢Õߥ‘π‚¥¬„™âÀ≠â“·Ω° æ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π °“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√ªÉ“‰¡â ·≈–∑√—欓°√ª√–¡ß ‡ªìπµâπ „π«‚√°“ Õ—π‡ªìπ¡‘ßË ¡ß§≈¬‘ßË π’È ‡æ◊ÕË ‡ªìπ°“√· ¥ß§«“¡®ß√—°¿—°¥’ ·≈–‡æ◊ÕË √”≈÷°„πæ√–¡À“°√ÿ≥“∏‘§≥ ÿ ¢Õßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á® æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸÀà «— ∑’∑Ë √ß¡’µÕà æ °π‘°√™“«‰∑¬¡“‚¥¬µ≈Õ¥ ‡À≈à“¢â“√“™°“√ æπ—°ß“π√“™°“√ ≈Ÿ°®â“ß ·≈–°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√ ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ „π —ß°—¥ ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ æ√âÕ¡∑—Èß ª√–™“™π™“«‰∑¬∑ÿ°§π ¢ÕπâÕ¡‡°≈â“πâÕ¡°√–À¡àÕ¡∂«“¬æ√–æ√ ¢Õæ√–Õߧå∑√ßæ√–‡®√‘≠¬‘ßË ¬◊ππ“π ∑√߇ªìπ√à¡‚æ∏‘√Ï ¡à ‰∑√¢Õß ª«ß™π™“«‰∑¬ µ√“∫π“π‡∑à“π“π‡∑Õ≠ ¥â«¬‡°≈ⓥ⫬°√–À¡àÕ¡¢Õ‡¥™– The year 2006 marks an auspicious occasion for all Thai people as we celebrate the Sixtieth Anniversary of His Majesty the Kingûs Accession to the Throne. His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej is the worldûs longest-reigning monarch.

His Majesty stands as a great leader who is in the heart and soul of all Thais. As the King of benevolence, His Majesty has reigned with regal dignity, diligence and patience. His Majesty has devoted himself - physically, mentally and spiritually - to various projects that He has funded personally, to benefit the nation and all Thai people throughout the Kingdom. These projects have fulfilled a pledge He made at the Coronation Ceremony on 5 May 1950, when He took the traditional oath of accession, stating, çI shall reign with righteousness for the benefits and happiness of the Thai people.é During the six decades of His reign, His Majesty has spearheaded a wide range of activities. Many development projects, some of which were carried out or initiated as Royal projects, have been undertaken in different regions, from the highlands to remote border areas in various parts of Thailand. The projects have included welfare development, socio-economic development and environmental conservation, including the Royal Rain-making Research and Development Project, development of reservoirs for watershed conservation and domestic water supply, protection against soil erosion using vetiver, development of alternative sources of energy, and forest and fishery resources management.

On this auspicious occasion, let us show our loyalty and gratitude to His Majesty and recognize His benevolence towards the Thai people. The members of the editorial board of Thailandûs Nature and Environment join the officials and employees of the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning and all the Thai people in paying tribute to our beloved King and in humbly wishing Him long-lasting happiness. Long Live His Majesty the King. ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

‡®â“¢Õß ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑’ªË √÷°…“ π‘»“°√ ‚¶…‘µ√—µπå π‘»“π“∑ ∂‘√°ÿ≈ ™π‘π∑√å ∑Õß∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√∑’ªË √÷°…“ ª√– ß§å ‡Õ’¬Ë ¡Õπ—πµå ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√Õ”π«¬°“√ ®‘πµπ“ ∑«’¡“ ¥«ß¡“≈¬å ‘π∏ÿ«π‘™ °‘µµ‘ µ—πÀ—π ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ ¡‘ßË ¢«—≠ ∏√»‘√°‘ ≈ÿ ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ºŸ™â «à ¬ ¡“√‘ “ Õ‘ß∏√√¡®‘µ√å «√»—°¥‘Ï æà«ß‡®√‘≠ ‘∑∏‘æ√ ¢®√‡πµ‘¬∑ÿ ∏ °Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ «‘‡∑» »√’‡πµ√ °ƒ…≥“ Õ—»««‘¡≈π—π∑å “√‘°“ ®‘µµ°“πµå晑 ¬å ªÕß∑‘æ¬å ¿Ÿ«‡®√‘≠ §«∫§ÿ¡°“√º≈‘µ ª√’™“ ∏π“«‘«™— ™—¬ ºŸªâ √– “πß“πÀ≈—° ¡“√‘ “ Õ‘ß∏√√¡®‘µ√å §≥–ºŸªâ √– “πß“π ∏«—™™—¬ ÿ¢≈Õ¬ ™”π“≠ ÿ¢ ÿ‡¡¶ Õ“∑√ «’√–‡»√…∞°ÿ≈ °¡≈®—π∑πå æŸ≈‡°…¡ ªÿ≠≠æ—≤πå Õ“®π‘¬¡ »√—™°√≥å ՗ߧ– ÿ√æ—π∏å √Ÿª‡≈à¡ ª√‘≠≠“ ª√–∑ÿ¡ ΩÉ“¬»‘≈ªá ‡°»°π° æÿ∑∏‡®√‘≠ ®‘µµ‘¡“ À√—ßË »‘√‘ ¥”‡π‘π°“√ ∫√‘…∑— Õ‘π∑‘‡°√‡µÁ¥ ‚ª√‚¡™—π ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ®”°—¥ ‚∑√»—æ∑å 0-2585-2076, 0-2586-0837 µ‘¥µàÕ¢Õ‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°∑’Ë °Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ ‚∑√»—æ∑å 0-2265-6538 ‚∑√ “√ 0-2265-6536 email: monitor_soe@onep.go.th

Owner Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning Advisors Nisakorn Kositratna Nisanat Sathirakul Chanin Tongdhamachart Advisory Editor Prasong Eiam-anant Executive Editors Chintana Thaweema Duangmal Sinthuvanich Kitti Tanhan Editor Mimgkhwan Thornsirikul Assistant Editors Marisa Ingthamjitr Warasak Phungcharoen Sittiporn Kajornnatiyudh Editorial Staff Vithet Srinetr Kritsana Aussavavimonnun Sarika Chittakanpitch Pongtip Puvacharoen Production Director Preecha Tanaviwatchai Traffic Coordinator Marisa Ingthamjitr Coordinators Tawatchai Sukloy Chamnarn Sooksumek Artorn Weerasetakul Kamolchan Poolkasem Punyaphat Artniyom Sarajakorn Angkasurapan Artists Parinya Prathum Getganok Buddhacharern Jittima Rangsiri Designed and published Integrated Promotion Technology Co.,Ltd Telephone 66-2585-2076, 66-2586-0837 Contact editorial staff for more information and membership Telephone 66-2265-6538 Facsimile 66-2265-6536 email: monitor_soe@onep.go.th

¿“æ¢à“« News Picture

■ 𓬪ïµæ ‘ ß»å æ÷ßË ∫ÿ≠ ≥ Õ¬ÿ∏¬“ ª≈—¥°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡ªìπª√–∏“π„π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–

Õπÿ°√√¡°“√®—¥∑”·ºπ®—¥°“√§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ §√—ßÈ ∑’Ë 1/2549 ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’†Ë 2 情¿“§¡ 2549 ‡æ◊ÕË æ‘®“√≥“√à“ß √“¬ß“π©∫—∫ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‚§√ß°“√®—¥∑”·ºπ®—¥°“√§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ≥ ÀâÕߪ√–™ÿ¡ º.

■ Mr. Petipong Pungbun Na Ayudhya, Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, chaired the Meeting of the Sub-committee on Environmental Quality Management Plan (1/2006) to consider the draft final report on the Environmental Quality Management Plan. The meeting was held on 2 May 2006 at the ONEP meeting room.

■ 𓬪ïµæ ‘ ß»å æ÷ßË ∫ÿ≠ ≥ Õ¬ÿ∏¬“ ª≈—¥°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡ªìπª√–∏“π‡ªî¥°“√ª√–™ÿ¡«—π “°≈·Ààߧ«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ ´÷ßË ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ( º.) „π ∞“π–Àπ૬ª√– “πß“π°≈“ßÕπÿ ≠ — ≠“§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ ®—¥¢÷πÈ ‡æ◊ÕË √à«¡©≈Õ߇π◊ÕË ß„π«—π “°≈·Ààߧ«“¡ À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ ·≈–· ¥ß‡®µπ“√¡≥å¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π°“√‡¢â“√à«¡°—∫ª√–™“§¡‚≈° ‡æ◊ÕË ¥”‡π‘π°“√æ‘∑°— …å ∑√—欓°√§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 22 情¿“§¡ 2549 ≥ ‚√ß·√¡√“¡“°“√凥âπ å °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√

■ Mr. Petipong Pungbun Na Ayudhya, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, chaired the opening ceremony of the Meeting on International Biological Diversity Day. The meeting was organized by ONEP, which is the focal point for the Convention on Biological Diversity. It was held on 22 May 2006 at Rama Gardens Hotel.

■

π“ßπ‘»“°√ ‚¶…‘µ√—µπå ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√ º. ‡ªìπª√–∏“π‡ªî¥°“√ª√–™ÿ¡‡™‘ߪؑ∫µ— °‘ “√ ‡√◊ÕË ß √“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å §ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 2/2549 : ·π«‚πâ¡ ∂“π°“√≥å§≥ ÿ ¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡„π™à«ß 10 ªï∑º’Ë “à π¡“ ≥ ‚√ß·√¡‡¥Õ– ·°√π¥å °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 19 情¿“§¡ 2549

■ Mrs. Nisakorn Kositratna, ONEP Secretary-General, chaired the opening ceremony of a workshop, State of the Environment Report of 2/2006 on Trends in the State of the Environment in the Past Decade. The workshop was held on 19 May 2006 at Grand Hotel, Bangkok.

■ º.√à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‡‘ æ◊ÕË °“√æ—≤π“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–æ≈—ßß“π ®—¥ —¡¡π“ 炧√ß°“√π”√àÕß°“√¡’ «à π√à«¡„π°“√ ®—¥°“√πÈ”‡ ’¬·≈–¢¬–¡Ÿ≈ΩÕ¬™ÿ¡™π¢ÕßÕߧå°√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ·≈–¿“§‡Õ°™πé ≥ ‚√ß·√¡√“¡“°“√凥âπ å °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 10 情¿“§¡ 2549

■ ONEP in cooperation with the Environment and Energy Development Foundation organized a seminar for a pilot project Participation of Local Administrative Authorities and the Private Sector in Wastewater and Solid Waste Management at Rama Gardens Hotel, Bangkok, on 10 May 2006.

■ º.„π∞“π–Àπ૬ߓπ°≈“ߪ√– “π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¥â“π°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“» ¡Õ∫À¡“¬„Àâ∫≥ — ±‘µ «‘∑¬“≈—¬√à«¡¥â“πæ≈—ßß“π·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“∏π∫ÿ√’ »÷°…“ ®—¥∑”‡Õ° “√«‘™“°“√ ‡√◊ÕË ß À≈—°‡°≥±å°“√æ‘®“√≥“‚§√ß°“√°≈‰°°“√æ—≤π“∑’ Ë –Õ“¥ „π à«π¢Õß°“√æ—≤π“Õ¬à“߬—ßË ¬◊π ·≈– º. ®—¥°“√ ª√–™ÿ¡√–¥¡§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπÀ≈—°‡°≥±å°“√æ—≤π“Õ¬à“߬—ßË ¬◊π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬¢÷πÈ ‚¥¬¡’ 𓬰‘µµ‘ ≈‘¡Ë °ÿ≈ ºŸ™â «à √—∞¡πµ√’°√–∑√«ß»÷°…“∏‘°“√ ·≈–π“ߪ√–‡ √‘∞ ÿ¢ ®“¡√¡“π ºŸÕâ ”π«¬°“√ ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·Ààß™“µ‘ ‡ªìπª√–∏“π√—∫øíߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπ √à«¡°—∫§≥–∑”ß“π ≥ ‚√ß·√¡ ¬“¡´‘µ’È ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 10 情¿“§¡ 2549 ■ ONEP,

as a National focal point on climate change, contracted the Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology, Thonburi, to study and develop a technical paper entitled, Criteria for a Clean Development Mechanism Project for Sustainable Development. As a result, ONEP organized a brainstorming meeting on Sustainable Development Criteria for Thailand, co-chaired by Mr. Kitti Limskul, Assistant Minister of Education, and Mrs. Prasertsuk Chamornmarn, Director of National Environment Board, on 10 May 2006 at Siam City Hotel.

■ ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 12 ‡¡…“¬π 2549 ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√ º. ·≈– √».ª√– ß§å ‡Õ’¬Ë ¡Õπ—πµå æ√âÕ¡§≥– ‡¥‘π∑“߉ª»÷°…“¥Ÿß“π∫√‘‡«≥ æ◊πÈ ∑’¥Ë ”‡π‘π°“√‚§√ß°“√√—°…åÕ¡— æ«“·≈– ”√«®‡ âπ∑“ßÕπÿ√°— …å«≤ — π∏√√¡·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ µ“¡√Õ¬‡ ¥Á®ª√–æ“ µâπ √—™°“≈∑’Ë 5 ÕßΩíßò §≈ÕßÕ—¡æ«“ ®—ßÀ«—¥ ¡ÿ∑√ ߧ√“¡ º. ‡¢â“√à«¡¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√π’È µ“¡∑’°Ë √¡ à߇ √‘¡Õÿµ “À°√√¡ √‘‡√‘¡Ë ‡æ◊ÕË ©≈Õß ‘√√‘ “™ ¡∫—µ§‘ √∫ 60 ªï ·≈–‡©≈‘¡æ√–™π¡æ√√…“§√∫ 80 æ√√…“„πæÿ∑∏»—°√“™ 2550

■ On 12 April 2006, ONEP Secretary-General Associate Professor Prasong Eiam-anant, and colleagues visited the project site on Conserve Amphawa (Raks Amphawa), and explored cultural and environmental conservation paths following those taken by King Rama V during a royal visit along both sides of Amphawa canal, Samut Songkram Province. ONEP joined the project which was initiated by the Department of Industrial Promotion to celebrate the Sixtieth Anniversary of His Majesty's Accession to the Throne and the Eightieth Birthday of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej in 2007.

04

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

■ π“ßπ‘»“°√ ‚¶…‘µ√—µπå ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√ º. ‡ªî¥°“√Õ∫√¡ ·≈–¡Õ∫‡°’¬√µ‘∫µ— √·°àπ°— ”√«®§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ

√ÿπà ‡¬“«å „π™ÿ¡™π‡°“–‡°√Á¥ ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 25 - 27 ‡¡…“¬π 2549 ≥ «—¥ª√¡—¬¬‘°“«“ ‡°“–‡°√Á¥ Õ.ª“°‡°√Á¥ ®.ππ∑∫ÿ√†’ ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ √à«¡°—∫ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ®—¥°“√Õ∫√¡„π§√—ßÈ π’È ¿“¬„µâ‚§√ß°“√ ”√«®·≈–®—¥∑”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ

■ Mrs.

Nisakorn Kositratna, ONEP Secretary-General, opened the training program and presented certificates to young biodiversity explorers in Koh Kret community on 25-27 April 2006. The ceremony was held at Poramaiyikawat Temple, Koh Kret, Pakkret District, Nonthaburi Province. ONEP in cooperation with Kasetsart University organized the training as part of a project to survey and compile biodiversity database.

■

π“ßπ‘»“π“∑ ∂‘√°ÿ≈ √Õ߇≈¢“∏‘°“√ º. ·≈–π“¬¡“π‘µ¬å »‘√«‘ √√≥ °√√¡°“√ºŸ∑â √ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘ „π§≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ æ√âÕ¡‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë º. ∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕß ‡¥‘π∑“ßµ√«®‡¬’¬Ë ¡‚§√ß°“√°àÕ √â“ß –æ“π “√ ‘π∑“ßÀ≈«ß À¡“¬‡≈¢ 402 ®—ßÀ«—¥¿Ÿ‡°Áµ ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 10 情¿“§¡ 2549 ‡æ◊ÕË µ‘¥µ“¡°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π°àÕ √â“ß –æ“π “√ ‘π„À¡à ·≈– °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß –æ“π “√ ‘π‡¥‘¡ µ“¡¡µ‘§≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ ‚¥¬¡’‡®â“Àπâ“∑’°Ë √¡∑“ßÀ≈«ß ·≈–∫√‘…∑— TEC ®”°—¥ ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ∑’ªË √÷°…“¥â“π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∫√√¬“¬™’·È ®ß ·≈–π”§≥–µ√«®‡¬’¬Ë ¡‚§√ß°“√¥—ß°≈à“«

■ Mrs. Nisanat Sathirakul, ONEP Deputy Secretary-General, Mr. Manit Siriwan, a member of the National Environment Board, and ONEP officials visited the construction site for Sarasin Bridge on Highway Number 402, Phuket Province, on 10 May 2006, to follow-up the progress of the construction work and renovation of the old Sarasin Bridge, in accordance with the National Environment Board's resolution. Officials from the Department of Highways and a TEC environmental consultant company gave a presentation and guided the group through the project site.

■

º. ®—¥ —¡¡π“ ‡√◊ÕË ß ·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥∑”√“¬ß“π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈°√–∑∫ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚§√ß°“√∑’æË °— Õ“»—¬ ∫√‘°“√™ÿ¡™π ·≈– ∂“π∑’æË °— µ“°Õ“°“» ‡æ◊ÕË æ‘®“√≥“ª√—∫ª√ÿß·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥∑”√“¬ß“π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈°√–∑∫ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑’„Ë ™â„π ªí®®ÿ∫π— „À⡧’ «“¡‡À¡“– ¡ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ ¿“æªí≠À“¥â“π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’‡Ë ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈߉ª„πªí®®ÿ∫π— ≥ ÀâÕߪ√–™ÿ¡ º. ‡¡◊ÕË ∑’Ë 27 ‡¡…“¬π 2549 ‚¥¬¡’ π“ßπ‘»“°√ ‚¶…‘µ√—µπå ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√ º. ‡ªìπª√–∏“π

■ ONEP

organized a seminar on Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Housing, Urban Service and Resorts Projects. The seminar aimed to revise existing guidelines in accordance with the current situation. It was held at ONEP meeting room on 27 April 2006. This meeting was chaired by Mrs. Nisakorn Kositratna, ONEP Secretary - General.

■ π“ßπ‘»“°√ ‚¶…‘µ√—µπå ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√ º. ‡ªìπª√–∏“π„π°“√√–¥¡§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπµàÕ°“√®—¥∑”√à“߬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å°“√®—¥°“√ °“√

‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“» ®“°ºŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘°≈ÿà¡π—°°“√‡¡◊Õß ºŸâ∫√‘À“√°≈ÿà¡¿“§‡Õ°™π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕߥâ“π Õÿµ “À°√√¡·≈–æ≈—ßß“π π—°«‘™“°“√Àπà«¬ß“π¿“§√—∞√–¥—∫π‚¬∫“¬ √«¡∑—ßÈ Õߧå°√æ—≤π“‡Õ°™π (NGOs) ·≈– ◊ÕË ¡«≈™π ‡æ◊ÕË «‘‡§√“–À宥ÿ ÕàÕπ ®ÿ¥·¢Áß·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–‡°’¬Ë «°—∫°“√®—¥°“√°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“»¢Õß ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ´÷ßË ≈à“ ÿ¥ º.‰¥â®¥— °“√ª√–™ÿ¡‡™‘ߪؑ∫µ— °‘ “√√–¥¡§«“¡‡ÀÁπ°≈ÿ¡à Õߧå°√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘πË ≥ ‚√ß·√¡√“¡“ °“√凥âπ å ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 21 ‡¡…“¬π 2549 ∑’ºË “à π¡“ ·≈–®–‡ªî¥‡«∑’√–¥¡§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ„π¿“æ√«¡ ‡æ◊ÕË „À≥â¬∑ÿ ∏»“ µ√å°“√ ®—¥°“√°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“»¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‚¥¬°√–∫«π°“√¡’ «à π√à«¡¢Õߪ√–™“§¡∑ÿ°¿“§ à«π

■ Mrs. Nisakorn Kositratna, ONEP Secretary-General, chaired a brainstorming meeting on the development of a draft strategy on Climate Change Management, to analyze strengths, weaknesses and make recommendations related to climate change management in Thailand. Participants included experts from the political sector, executives from relevant private sector entities engaged in industry and energy sectors, exectives from government agencies (NGOs) and the media representations. ONEP also organized a brainstorming workshop for local administrative authorities on 21 April 2006 at Rama Gardens Hotel, which opened the floor for nationwide brainstorming to develop Thailand's strategy concerning climate change management, using a participatory approach.

■ ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 21 ‡¡…“¬π 2549 º. „π∞“π–ΩÉ“¬‡≈¢“πÿ°“√§≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ ‚¥¬ ¥√.™π‘π∑√å ∑Õß∏√√¡™“µ‘ √Õ߇≈¢“∏‘°“√ º. ·≈–ºŸ∑â √ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤„‘ π§≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ æ√âÕ¡¥â«¬ºŸ·â ∑π®“°Àπ૬ߓπ∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕß √à«¡‡¥‘π∑“߉ªµ√«® Õ∫æ◊πÈ ∑’Ë ‚§√ß°“√‡À¡◊Õß·√à¥π‘ ¢“« µ”∫≈·¡à¡Õ° Õ”‡¿Õ‡∂‘π ®—ßÀ«—¥≈”ª“ß ¢Õß π“ßÕπß§å ¬‘ßË ‡ √’

■ On 21 April 2006, Mr. Chanin Tongdhamachart, ONEP Deputy Secretary-General, as secretariat to the National Environment Board, together with representatives from concerned agencies investigated the site of the kaolin mining owned by Mrs. Anong Yingsaeree, at Maemok Sub-district, Thurn District, Lampang Province.

■ ºŸ â Õ◊Ë ¢à“«„π√“¬°“√ À≈ÿ¡¥” —¡¿“…≥å‡≈¢“∏‘°“√ º. „πª√–‡¥Áπ¢Õß°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈°√–∑∫ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õß‚√ß‚¡àÀπ‘

∫√‘‡«≥ ¡.8 µ.∑ÿßà À≈«ß Õ.ª“°∑àÕ ®.√“™∫ÿ√’ µàÕ°√≥’∑‚’Ë √ß‚¡àÀπ‘ √–‡∫‘¥À‘π‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“¡≈æ‘… ·≈–À‘πµ°„ à «—¥∂È”¬Õ¥∑Õß ÕÕ°Õ“°“»∑“ß‚¡‡¥‘√πå ‰π∑å∑«’ ’ ‡¡◊ÕË §◊π«—π‡ “√å∑’Ë 20 情¿“§¡ 2549

■ The

Secretary-General of ONEP was interviewed in a TV program, çBlack Holeé, on 20 May 2006 on Modern Nine TV channel. The interview focused on an environmental impact assessment of a rock crushing plant at Mu 8, Thungluang Sub-district, Paktor District, Ratchaburi Province. ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

05

∫∑§«“¡æ‘‡»… Speacial Artical

°ƒ…≥“ Õ—»««‘¡≈π—π∑å*

World Environment Day and Thailandûs Environment

* À—«Àπâ“ß“πª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡

Chief of Public Relations Unit, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

06

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

æÕ°≈à“«∂÷ß«—π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡‚≈° (World Environment Day) °Á®–‡ªìπ∑’∑Ë √“∫°—π¥’«“à «—π∑’Ë 5 ¡‘∂πÿ “¬π ¢Õß∑ÿ°ªï ‡ªìπ «—π·Ààß°“√√–≈÷°∂÷ß®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õߧ«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ √–À«à“ß™“µ‘∑«—Ë ‚≈°„π¥â“π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ´÷ßË ª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ √«¡ ∑—ßÈ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ¡’®¥ÿ ¬◊π√à«¡°—π∑’®Ë –¥”‡π‘π°“√æ‘∑°— …å√°— …“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õß‚≈°‰«â ®÷ßæ√âÕ¡„®°—π√à«¡®—¥°‘®°√√¡√≥√ß§å „π√Ÿª·∫∫µà“ßÊ ¿“¬„µâÀ—«¢âÕ∑’Ë‚§√ß°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß Àª√–™“™“µ‘ (UNEP : United Nations Environment Programme) °”Àπ¥„Àâ∑«—Ë ‚≈°√à«¡√≥√ߧå„πª√–‡¥Áπ‡¥’¬«°—π „πªï æ.». 2549 π’È Deserts and Desertification §◊Õ À—«¢âÕ∑’Ë ª√–‡∑» ¡“™‘°∑—«Ë ‚≈°„™â®¥— °‘®°√√¡‡π◊ÕË ß„π«—π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚≈° ‚¥¬¡’§”¢«—≠«à“ çDonût Deserts Drylands !é ‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ∑«—Ë ‚≈°‰¥âµ√–Àπ—°∂÷ߪí≠À“§«“¡·Àâß·≈âß∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ ·≈–æ√âÕ¡

Kritsana Aussavavimonnun*

As we all know, World Environment Day is observed on 5 June each year, a memorable day that commemorates a significant initiative in environmental cooperation among various countries in the world . World Environment Day is celebrated globally under a theme selected each year by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The theme for the year 2006, çDeserts and Desertificationé, with the slogan, çDonût Desert Drylands!é is an appeal to the world to recognize drylands and drought problems, urging cooperative

«—°—∫ ‘πßË ·«¥≈â ‘ÕßË ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑·«¥≈âÕ¡‚≈°

∑’®Ë –√à«¡°—πÀ“Àπ∑“ßæ≈‘°øóπô §◊𧫓¡Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å„Àâ°∫— º◊π·ºàπ¥‘π ”À√—∫ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈â« ∂◊Õ‡ªì𧫓¡‚™§¥’¬‘Ëß ∑’Ë æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸÀà «— ¿Ÿ¡æ‘ ≈Õ¥ÿ≈¬‡¥™ ∑√ß√—∫√Ÿ∂â ß÷ ¿“æªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ‚¥¬¡‘‰¥â≈–∑‘ßÈ §«“¡ 欓¬“¡∑’®Ë –·°â‰¢ªí≠À“∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ ‰¡à«“à ®–‡ªìπ‡√◊ÕË ß πÈ” ¥‘π ªÉ“‰¡â ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ªí≠À“§«“¡·Àâß·≈âß µ≈Õ¥®π°“√∫√‘À“√ ®—¥°“√ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡µà“ßÊ æ√–Õߧå∑√ßÀà«ß„¬·≈–∑√ß¡’ æ√–«‘√¬‘ –Õÿµ “À–„π°“√ªØ‘∫µ— æ‘ √–√“™°√≥’¬°‘® ¥â“π°“√ Õπÿ√—°…å∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“‚¥¬µ≈Õ¥ ‡æ◊ÕË ¬—ߧ«“¡º“ ÿ°¢Õß√“…Æ√ ªïæ∑ÿ ∏»—°√“™ 2549 π’È ‡ªìπªï ¡À“¡ß§≈ ¡—¬ æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸÀà «— œ ∑√ߧ√Õß ‘√√‘ “™ ¡∫—µ§‘ √∫ 60 ªï ¥â«¬ ”π÷°„πæ√–¡À“°√ÿ≥“∏‘§≥ ÿ ¬‘ßË

efforts to reverse continuing degradation and to restore land productivity.

The Thai people are fortunate that His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej is well aware of the country's environmental problems. His continuing concerns and efforts are focused on the conservation of natural resources and the environment, including water, soil and forest resources, especial y in relation to droughts and the need for effective environmental administration. His Majesty is also concerned about enhancing the people's happiness and well-being. In 2006, on the auspicious occasion of the Sixtieth Anniversary of His Majesty the King's Accession to the Throne, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, through the Department of Environmental Quality Promotion and in cooperation with other concerned agencies, wil observe 5-11 June 2006 under the theme, çWeaving with the Hearts of all Thais for Natural Resources and the Environment.é World Environment Day activities on 5 June are also part of this observance.

For the past three decades, environmental problems, such as energy crisis, food scarcity, high population growth rate and pollution, have threatened the world with increasingly severe impacts on human beings. Global environmental crises were seriously taken into account at the UN Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm, Sweden on 5-16 June 1972. It took three years to prepare for the Conference, including the development of draft proposals, work plans and declarations on the human environment. The conference was attended by 1,200 participants from 113 countries with over 1,500 observers from government agencies and the UN, student and youth representatives, and members of the international press. The conference was a great success. It marked the first time that nations all over the world had come together to find ways to solve environmental problems. The meeting brought about several agreements to achieve important outcomes. The UN established the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and made it responsible for monitoring and evaluating significant changes in the environment, as well as encouraging proper development and utilization of the environment, leading to improvements in environmental conditions. In commemoration of the commencement of cooperation, 5 June each year was declared as World Environment Day. Governments all over the world, including Thailand, agreed to establish environmental organizations in their respective countries.

A significant initiative in environmental work in Thailand started in 1975, when the Thai government enacted the Enhancement and Conservation of National ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ 07 Thailandûs Nature and Environment

∫∑§«“¡æ‘‡»… Speacial Artical

°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚¥¬°√¡ àß ‡ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ √à«¡°—∫Àπ૬ߓπµà“ßÊ ‰¥â¡°’ “√ ®—¥°‘®°√√¡‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘œ ¿“¬„µâÀ«— ¢âÕ ç√âÕ¬¥«ß„®‰∑∑—ßÈ ™“µ‘ ‡æ◊ÕË ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡é ¢÷πÈ √–À«à“ß «—π∑’Ë 5-11 ¡‘∂πÿ “¬π 2549 „π™à«ß‡«≈“¥—ß°≈à“«µ√ß°—∫«—π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‚≈° 5 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π ´÷Ëߪïπ’È ª√–‡¥Áπ§”¢«—≠∑’Ë ª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ „™â®¥— °‘®°√√¡√≥√ߧ奓â π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’§«“¡ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘æ√–√“™°√≥’¬°‘®‡æ◊ËÕ°“√Õπÿ√—°…å ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á® æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«œ °‘®°√√¡‡π◊ËÕß„π«—π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‚≈°¢Õß ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬®÷߇ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ßË ¢Õß°‘®°√√¡‡æ◊ÕË ‡©≈‘¡æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘ „πÀ≈«ß¢Õߪ«ß™π™“«‰∑À“°®–π— ∫ ¬â Õ π‡«≈“¡“°°«à “ “¡∑»«√√…¡“·≈â « «‘°ƒµ°“√≥å ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡¥â“πµà“ßÊ ‰¥â‡√‘¡Ë §ÿ°§“¡∑—«Ë ‚≈° ‰¡à «à“®–‡ªìπ«‘°ƒµ°“√≥奓â πæ≈—ßß“π °“√¢“¥·§≈πÕ“À“√ ·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢Õߪ√–™“°√∑’Ë Ÿß¡“° √«¡∑—Èߪí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡ªìπæ‘… ∑’Ë∑«’§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ≈â«π àß º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ¡«≈¡πÿ…¬™“µ‘∑—Èßπ—È𠧫“¡µ◊Ëπµ—«„π «‘°ƒµ°“√≥å ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õß‚≈°‰¥â‡√‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß ‡¡◊ÕË √—∞∫“≈ «’‡¥π‡ πÕµàÕÕߧ尓√ Àª√–™“™“µ‘∂ß÷ «‘°ƒµ°“√≥å ¥—ß°≈à“« ·≈–‰¥â√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π®—¥°“√ª√–™ÿ¡∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ ç°“√ ª√–™ÿ¡ Àª√–™“™“µ‘‡√◊ÕË ß ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õß¡πÿ…¬åé (United Nations Conference on the Human Environment) ∑’Ë°√ÿß µäÕ°‚Œ≈å¡ ª√–‡∑» «’‡¥π √–À«à“ß«—π∑’Ë 5-16 ¡‘∂πÿ “¬π æ.». 2515 ‚¥¬„™â‡«≈“‡µ√’¬¡°“√ª√–™ÿ¡§√—ßÈ π’È π“π∂÷ß 3 ªï ‡æ◊ÕË ®—¥∑”√à“ߢâÕ‡ πÕµà“ßÊ √«¡∑—ßÈ ·ºπ°“√ ¥”‡π‘π°“√·≈–ªØ‘≠≠“«à“¥â«¬ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ‚¥¡’º√Ÿâ «à ¡‡¢â“ª√–™ÿ¡∂÷ß 1,200 §π ®“° 113 ª√–‡∑» ·≈–¬—ß¡’ ºŸâ —߇°µ°“√≥åÕ’°°«à“ 1,500 §π ®“°Àπ૬ߓπ¢Õß√—∞ Õߧ尓√ Àª√–™“™“µ‘ °≈ÿ¡à π—°»÷°…“·≈–µ—«·∑π‡¬“«™π µ≈Õ¥®π ◊ÕË ¡«≈™π·¢πßµà“ßÊ ®“°∑—«Ë ‚≈° °“√ª√–™ÿ¡„π §√—Èßπ—Èππ—∫‰¥â«à“ª√– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á®Õ¬à“ßߥߓ¡ ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ §√—ßÈ ·√°∑’ªË √–‡∑»µà“ßÊ ∑—«Ë ‚≈° ‰¥â√à«¡¡◊Õ°—πÀ“Àπ∑“ß ·°â‰¢ªí≠À“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’˪√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ °”≈—߇º™‘≠Õ¬Ÿà ´÷ßË º≈®“°°“√ª√–™ÿ¡œ ‰¥â¡¢’ Õâ µ°≈ß√à«¡°—πÀ≈“¬Ê Õ¬à“ß ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ∫√√≈ÿº≈∑’Ë ”§—≠ Õߧ尓√ Àª√–™“™“µ‘‰¥â®—¥µ—Èß ‚§√ß°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß Àª√–™“™“µ‘ (UNEP) ¢÷πÈ ‡æ◊ÕË ∑” Àπâ“∑’µË ¥‘ µ“¡·≈–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß∑’ Ë ”§—≠∑“ß ¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ √«¡∂÷ß°√–µÿâπ„Àâ¡’°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√¥â“π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’‡Ë À¡“– ¡ ‡æ◊ÕË π” Ÿ°à “√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß∑’¥Ë ¢’ π÷È ·≈– ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√√–≈÷°∂÷ß®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¢Õߧ«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¥—ß°≈à“« πÕ°®“°π’√È ∞— ∫“≈ª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ ¬—߉¥â√∫— ¢âÕµ°≈ß®“°°“√ ª√–™ÿ¡„π§√“«π—πÈ ‚¥¬®—¥µ—ßÈ Àπ૬ߓπ¥â“π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢÷πÈ „πª√–‡∑»¢Õßµπ‡Õß √«¡∑—ßÈ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

√—∞∫“≈‰∑¬‰¥âµ√“æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ ‘ ßà ‡ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“ ¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ æ.». 2518 ·≈– °àÕµ—ßÈ ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ ¢÷πÈ „πªï‡¥’¬«°—π Õ—π‡ªìπ®ÿ¥‡√‘¡Ë µâπ ∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¥â“π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ·≈–„πªï æ.». 2535 ‰¥â¡°’ “√ª√—∫ ‡ª≈’¬Ë π‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ ‡ªìπ 3 Àπ૬ߓπ §◊Õ 1. ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ (¢≥–π’§È Õ◊ ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√ ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡) 2. °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… 3. °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ —ß°—¥ °√–∑√«ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ÕË ªï æ.». 2545 ‰¥â¡°’ “√°àÕµ—ßÈ °√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢÷πÈ ·≈–‚Õπ 3 Àπ૬ߓπ‡¢â“„π°√–∑√«ß„À¡à ‡æ◊ÕË ¥”‡π‘π°“√‡°’¬Ë «°—∫∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ߧ«∫§Ÿ°à ∫— °“√¥”‡π‘πß“π ¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπÕ◊πË ¢Õß¿“§√—∞ ¿“§‡Õ°™π ·≈–Õߧå°√‡Õ°™π √«¡∂÷ß ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“‰¥â¡°’ “√ ®—¥ ÕπÀ≈—° Ÿµ√¥â“π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢÷πÈ „πÀ≈“¬Ê¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬´÷ßË π—∫‰¥â«“à ‡ªìπ°â“« ”§—≠¢Õß°“√ «“ß√“°∞“πÕߧ姫“¡√Ÿ¥â “â π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑» √«¡∑—ßÈ ∫∑∫“∑¢Õß ◊ÕË ¡«≈™π°Á‰¥â∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë π—∫ πÿπ„À⇰‘¥°√–· §«“¡µ◊πË µ—«·≈– π„®°—∫ªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß¡“°¢÷πÈ ∂÷ß·¡â«à“À≈“¬ª√–‡∑»∑—Ë«‚≈° √«¡∑—Èߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡Õ߉¥â¡’°“√®—¥°“√°—∫ªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¥â“πµà“ßÊ ¡“Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß‚¥¬ª√—∫°√–∫«π¬ÿ∑∏å°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¡“µ≈Õ¥¡“° °«à“ 30 ªï ‚≈°„∫π’.È . °Á¬ß— §ßª√– ∫°—∫ªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’‡Ë °‘¥®“°°‘®°√√¡°“√æ—≤π“¥â“π µà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ÕË µÕ∫ πÕߧ«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ´÷ßË ≈â«π·µà¡°’ “√„™â∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ¬à“ß øÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬ ·≈–¢“¥§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫µàÕº≈°√–∑∫∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¿“¬À≈—ß ç°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ®÷ßµâÕ߇√‘¡Ë µâπ∑’µË «— ‡√“°àÕπé ‡ªì𧔰≈à“«∑’‰Ë ¥â √—∫√Ÿ¡â “‚¥¬µ≈Õ¥ ‡À≈◊Õ·µà‡æ’¬ß ‰¥â¡°’ “√ªØ‘∫µ— °‘ π— Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ßÀ√◊Õ¬—߇∑à“π—πÈ ‡Õß «‘°ƒµ°“√≥å ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¡à‰¥â‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ‡æ’¬ß®ÿ¥„¥®ÿ¥Àπ÷ßË ‡∑à“π—πÈ ·µà‡ªìπªí≠À“„À≠à¢Õß ‚≈°„∫π’∑È ‡’ ¥’¬« „π‚Õ°“ ¡À“¡ß§≈ ¡—¬ ∑’æË Õà À≈«ß¢Õ߉∑¬∑√ߧ√Õß ‘√√‘ “™ ¡∫—µ§‘ √∫ 60 ªï „πªï æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ 2549 ¢Õ‡™‘≠™«πª«ß™π™“«‰∑¬√à«¡ ç√âÕ¬¥«ß„®‰∑¬∑—ßÈ ™“µ‘ ‡æ◊ÕË ∑√—欓°√ ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡é ■

Environmental Quality Act of 1975 and established the Office of the National Environment Board. In 1992, the Office of the National Environment Board was restructured into three agencies under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment: namely, Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, (now Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning) Pollution Control Department, and Department of Environmental Quality Promotion.

In 2002, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment was established and the three-mentioned agencies were transferred under the new ministry to take responsibility for natural resources and the environment in cooperation with other government agencies, the private sector and NGOs. Several academic institutions introduced their own curricula on the environment. These actions marked important steps towards building a national foundation for environmental knowledge. In addition, the media played a supporting role to build up and expand public awareness of and interest in environmental issues.

Although the international community, including Thailand, has continuously dealt with environmental problems by adapting suitable operational strategies for the past 30 years. But the world stil faces environmental problems caused by activities that are being carried out to satisfy human desires. Natural resources have been exploited and their negative impacts neglected. çTo solve environmental problems, we have to begin with ourselvesé is a saying we have always known, regardless of whether we take serious action or not.

Environmental crises occur not only at a specific place or at a specific time. The fact is, they pose challenging problems for the world. On the auspicious occasion of the Sixtieth Anniversary of His Majesty the King's Accession to the Throne in 2006, all Thais are invited to join in observing, çWeaving with the Hearts of all Thais for Natural Resources and Environment.é ■

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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∫∑ —¡¿“…≥å Interview

°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ / Editors

‡√◊ «π惰…»“ µ√å ÕË ß‡≈à“„π «π ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√°‘ µ‘ ‘Ï Story Told in a Garden theQueenSirikit BotanicalGarden «—µ∂ÿª√– ߧåÀ≈—°À√◊Õ«‘ ¬— ∑—»πå 燪ìπ ∂“∫—π·Ààߧ«“¡‡ªìπ ‡≈‘»∑“ß«‘™“°“√¥â“πæ◊™ ∑”Àπâ“∑’√Ë «∫√«¡ ¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿ‰å ¡â‰∑»÷°…“ §âπ§«â“ «‘®¬— ∂à“¬∑Õ¥§«“¡√Ÿ·â ≈–‡º¬·æ√৫“¡ß“¡ ·≈–§ÿ≥§à“¢Õßæ√√≥‰¡â‰∑¬„Àâª√–®—°…å·°à™“«‚≈°é

‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 26 ¡°√“§¡ ªï æ.». 2549 §≥–º®Ÿâ ¥— ∑” «“√ “√∏√√¡™“µ‘ · ≈– ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥âæ∫·≈– ¡— ¿“…≥å ¥√.«’√–™¬— ≥ π§√ ºŸÕâ ”π«¬°“√Õߧ尓√ «π惰…»“ µ√å ´÷ßË ∑à“π ‰¥â „Àâ §«“¡°√ÿ≥“‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß√“« ç «π惰…»“ µ√å ¡‡¥Á® æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√°‘ µ‘ é‘Ï Õ¬à“߇ªìπ°—π‡Õß ≥ ‡√Õ◊ π°√–®°æ◊™‰¡â ·≈âß ¿“¬„π «π惰…»“ µ√åœ Õ—π «¬ß“¡ ·≈–‡√◊ÕË ß√“« ç‡√◊ËÕ߇≈à“„π «π... «π惰…»“ µ√å ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√°‘ µ‘ é‘Ï ®÷߉¥â‡√‘¡Ë µâπ¢÷πÈ §«“¡‡ªìπ¡“...°«à“®–‡ªìπ «π惰…»“ µ√å...

„πªï æ.». 2535 √—∞∫“≈‰∑¬‰¥â®¥— µ—ßÈ Õߧ尓√ «π惰…»“ µ√å (Õ æ.) ¢÷πÈ ‡æ◊ÕË π—∫ πÿπß“π§âπ§«â“ «‘®¬— ∑“ߥâ“π 惰…»“ µ√å·≈–°“√Õπÿ√°— …åπÕ°∂‘πË ∑’ÕË ¬ŸÕà “»—¬¢Õß∑√—欓°√ æ—π∏ÿåæ◊™Õ—π∑√ߧÿ≥§à“¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ‚¥¬¡’ ∂“π¿“懪ìπ Àπ૬ߓπ√—∞«‘ “À°‘® —ß°—¥ ”π—°π“¬°√—∞¡πµ√’ µàÕ¡“„𠇥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡ ªï æ.». 2545 ◊∫‡π◊ÕË ß¡“®“°°“√ªØ‘√ªŸ √–∫∫ √“™°“√ Õ æ. ®÷߉¥â¬“â ¬‰ª —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ®πªí®®ÿ∫π— «π惰…»“ µ√å ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√°‘ µ‘ ‘Ï π—∫‡ªìπ «π 惰…»“ µ√å·Ààß·√°¢Õߪ√–‡∑»∑’ˇªìπ¡“µ√∞“π “°≈ ‚¥¬¡’®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬åÕπÿ√—°…å »÷°…“ «‘®—¬·≈– ∂à“¬∑Õ¥§«“¡√Ÿ∑⠓ߥâ“π惰…»“ µ√å ·≈–„πªï æ.». 2537 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√°‘ µ‘ æÏ‘ √–∫√¡√“™‘ππ’ “∂ ‰¥â¡æ’ √–¡À“ °√ÿ≥“∏‘§≥ ÿ æ√–√“™∑“ππ“¡«à“ ç «π惰…»“ µ√å ¡‡¥Á® æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√°‘ µ‘ é‘Ï «π惰…»“ µ√å ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√°‘ µ‘ ¡‘Ï æ’ π◊È ∑’∑Ë ß—È À¡¥ ª√–¡“≥ 6,500 ‰√à µ—ßÈ Õ¬Ÿ∫à √‘‡«≥√Õ¬µàÕ‡¢µÕÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“µ‘ ¥Õ¬ ÿ‡∑æ - ªÿ¬ ·≈–À¡Ÿ∫à “â π™“«‡¢“‡ºà“¡âß ´÷ßË ‡¥‘¡æ◊πÈ ∑’ªË “É ·Ààßπ’∂È °Ÿ ∫ÿ°√ÿ°∑”≈“¬‡ªìπæ◊πÈ ∑’°Ë «â“ߥ—ßπ—πÈ ‡¡◊ÕË ‡°‘¥¡’‚§√ß°“√ «π惰…»“ µ√å¢÷Èπ∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√æ—≤π“æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¥—ß°≈à“«π’È Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß ·≈–‡ªìπ√–∫∫ ‡ªìπ¢—πÈ µÕπ ¥—ßπ’È

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

On 26 January 2006, staff members of the Thailand Nature and Environment Journal of the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning interviewed Dr. Weerachai Na Nakorn, Director of the Botanical Garden Organization. A very friendly man, he shared with us a story about the Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden, at the garden's greenhouse for cactus and desert plants.

Background...Before the Establishment of the Botanical Garden...

The vision for the garden is çto be an excellent center for botany, including the collection and propagation of Thai plants, education, exploration, research and transfer of knowledge of beautiful and valuable Thai plants to the worldé.

In 1992, the Thai Government established the Botanical Garden Organization to promote plant exploration and research, including conserving valuable plant resources in different habitats. The organization is a state enterprise under the Office of the Prime Minister. In October 2002, following government restructuring, the Botanical Garden Organization was transferred to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden, the first of its kind in Thailand, observes international standards in its operation. Behind its establishment is the following objective - to be a center for conservation, study, research, and transfer of botanical knowledge. In 1994, Her Majesty Queen Sirikit kindly named the garden, çQueen Sirikit Botanical Gardené.

The Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden covers 6,500 rai. It is located in an area that connects the Doi Suthep-Pui National Park and the Hmong hil tribe vil age.

❖

øóô π øŸ · ≈–æ— ≤ π“æ◊È π ∑’Ë ‡ æ◊Ë Õ ‡µ√’ ¬ ¡°“√‡ªì π «π 惰…»“ µ√å ∑’‰Ë ¥â¡“µ√∞“π “°≈ ❖ æ—≤π“∫ÿ§≈“°√ ‚¥¬„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫°“√æ—≤π“ §«“¡√Ÿ¥â “â π惰…»“ µ√å “¢“µà“ßÊ ❖ æ—≤𓂧√ß √â“ß·≈– ‘ËßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°æ◊Èπ∞“𠇙àπ Õ“§“√∑’∑Ë ”°“√ Õ“§“√»Ÿπ¬å«®‘ ¬— ‚√߇√◊ÕπÕπÿ∫“≈æ—π∏ÿå ‰¡â ‡√◊Õπ°√–®°· ¥ßæ—π∏ÿ‰å ¡âµ“à ßÊ „πæ‘æ∏‘ ¿—≥±åæ™◊ ·≈– √â“π¢“¬¢Õß∑’√Ë –≈÷° ‡ªìπµâπ ❖ à߇ √‘¡°“√»÷°…“«‘®— ¥â“π惰…»“ µ√å ‚¥¬°“√„Àâ §«“¡√Ÿ¥â “â π惰…»“ µ√å »÷°…“ «‘®¬— ®—¥∑”∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈æ◊™ ‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ßæ—π∏ÿ‰å ¡â‡æ◊ÕË ‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“߇ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ √«¡∑—ßÈ ®—¥µ—ßÈ »Ÿπ¬å√«¡æ√√≥‰¡âª√–®”¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “§ ‡æ◊ÕË ¢¬“¬ß“π°“√ Õπÿ√°— …åæπ— ∏ÿæå ™◊ „Àâ§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡∑—«Ë ª√–‡∑» ❖ æ—≤𓇙‘ß∏ÿ√°‘®¥â“πæ◊™ ‡æ◊Õ Ë ≈¥¿“√–ß∫ª√–¡“≥¢Õß ¿“§√—∞ ‡™àπ °“√®”Àπà“¬æ—π∏ÿ‰å ¡â √â“π¢“¬¢Õß∑’√Ë –≈÷°°“√ ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏ÿæå ™◊ °“√®¥≈‘¢ ‘∑∏‘·Ï ≈– ‘∑∏‘∫µ— √µà“ßÊ ‡ªìπµâπ

It had once been a rich forest until widespread encroachment ruined much of the area. When the botanical garden project was developed, serious and systematic rehabilitation was carried out, including: ❖ Rehabilitation and development of the area following international standards for botanical gardens. ❖ Human resources development on various aspects of botany.

°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π„πªí®®ÿ∫—π...Õ𓧵 «π情»“ µ√å ™“µ‘‰∑¬

ç°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π„πªï æ.». 2549 - 2550 Õ—π‡ªìπªï ¡À“¡ß§≈ Õߧ尓√œ ¡’‚§√ß°“√®–¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿ°å ≈⫬‰¡â‰∑’‡À≈◊Õß 9 ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à ‡Õ◊ÕÈ ßº÷ßÈ ‡Õ◊ÕÈ ß§” ‡Õ◊ÕÈ ß§”ªÖÕ° ‡Õ◊ÕÈ ß§”ΩÕ¬ ‡À≈◊Õß®—π∑∫Ÿ√≥å ¡◊Õ™–π’ ‡Õ◊ÕÈ ß®”ª“πà“π ‡À≈◊Õßæ‘»¡√ ·≈–‡Õ◊ÈÕßæ√â“«¥Õ°‡À≈◊Õß ‡æ√“–‰¡â¥Õ° ‡À≈◊Õ߇ªìπ —≠≈—°…≥å¢ÕßÕߧåæ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬å ‚¥¬§“¥«à“ ®–¢¬“¬„À≥≡àπÕâ ¬°«à“ 5,000 µâπµàÕ™π‘¥ ‡æ◊ÕË ®–‰¥â¡Õ∫ „Àâ‚√߇√’¬πµà“ßÊ π”‰ª¥Ÿ·≈ ·≈–¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿµå Õà ‰ªé ªí®®ÿ∫π—

«π惰…»“ µ√å ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√°‘ µ‘ ‘Ï ‰¥â√∫— °“√ æ— ≤ π“·≈–¡’ § «“¡æ√â Õ ¡∑’Ë “¡“√∂„Àâ § «“¡√Ÿâ µà Õ “∏“√≥™π‰¥â ‚¥¬°“√‡ªî¥„Àâπ°— ‡√’¬π π—°»÷°…“ π—°«‘™“°“√ √«¡∑—ßÈ ª√–™“™π∑—«Ë ‰ª ‡¢â“‡¬’¬Ë ¡™¡„π≈—°…≥–°“√∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « ‡™‘ß«‘™“°“√ √«¡∂÷߇ªìπ ∂“π∑’Ë»÷°…“ «‘®—¬‡™‘ßÕπÿ°√¡ «‘∏“πæ—π∏ÿ‰å ¡â‰∑¬ ·≈–°“√«‘®¬— ‡™‘ß°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå¢Õßæ◊™ ·µà≈–™π‘¥ ‚¥¬„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß ™’«¿“æ æ◊™ ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ·≈–°“√»÷°…“™π‘¥æ—π∏ÿå ‚¥¬‡©æ“– °≈⫬‰¡â‰∑¬ ´÷ßË ¡’‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“‡æ“–¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿ°å ≈⫬‰¡â ‰∑¬´÷ßË ‡ªì𠓬æ—π∏ÿ·å ∑â∂ß÷ 1,128 ™π‘¥ ‚¥¬‡√‘¡Ë √«∫√«¡æ—π∏ÿå °≈⫬‰¡â‰∑¬®“°∑—«Ë ª√–‡∑»æ√âÕ¡∫—π∑÷°√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß ·µà≈–™π‘¥ ·≈–¥”‡π‘π°“√¢¬“¬™π‘¥æ—π∏ÿ∑å À’Ë “¬“° √«¡∂÷ß °“√º ¡¢â“¡√–À«à“ß “¬æ—π∏ÿ‡å æ◊ÕË ‰¥â “¬æ—π∏ÿ„å À¡àÊ¥â«πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬µ“¡·π«æ√–√“™‡ “«π’¬å ¢Õß ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√‘°‘µ‘Ïæ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂ ¥—߇™à𠂧√ß°“√»÷°…“À‘ËßÀâÕ¬µ“¡æ√–√“™¥”√‘ ‚§√ß°“√¢¬“æ—π∏ÿå°≈⫬‰¡â‰∑¬∑’Ë¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ ·≈–‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬°“√„™â ª√–‚¬™π宓°µâπ°—≠™ß„À⇪ìπæ◊™‡»√…∞°‘® ‡ªìπµâπ

❖ Development of infrastructure and basic facilities, such as office buildings, research buildings, nurseries, green houses in botanical museums, and souvenir shops. ❖ Promotion of botanical research by promoting botanical knowledge, research, development of database, collection of botanical samples, and establishment of botanical centers nationwide to expand species conservation. ❖ Proactive development of botany to save government budget through plant sales, souvenir shops, breeding improvement, and plant licenses and patents.

Current Work...for the Future Botanical Garden As a special project in 2006 - 2007, the Botanical Garden Organization wil breed nine species of the yellow Thai orchid. These include Ueang-phueng, Ueang-kham, Ueang Kham-pok, Ueang-kham-foi, Lueang chanthabun, Mue-chani, Ueang-champa-nan, Lueang-phitsamon, and Ueang-phrao-dok-lueang. ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

11

∫∑ —¡¿“…≥å Interview

Õ𓧵 °“√®—¥∑”∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈æ—π∏ÿ剡⠪√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’æ—π∏ÿ剡â„À≠à

¡“°°«à“ 10,000 ™π‘¥ ·≈–æ—π∏ÿ‰å ¡â‡≈Á°°«à“ 5,000 ™π‘¥ °√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» ´÷ËßµâÕß¡’°“√®—¥‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈– µ—«Õ¬à“ß µ√«® Õ∫™◊ËÕ„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡À≈—°«‘™“°“√·≈– ‡º¬·æ√à·°à “∏“√≥™πµàÕ‰ª„πÕ𓧵 °“√æ—≤π“º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ™◊ à߇ √‘¡·≈–æ—≤π“‚¥¬ª√– “𠧫“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫¿“§‡Õ°™π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß∑—Èß„πª√–‡∑»·≈– µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑—Èß„π¥â“π√Ÿª·∫∫·≈– °“√∫√√®ÿ¿≥ — ±å‡æ◊ÕË ‡æ‘¡Ë ¡Ÿ≈§à“„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡ √«¡∑—ßÈ æ—≤π“ ¥â“π°“√µ≈“¥‡æ◊ÕË √Õß√—∫º≈‘µ¿—≥±å¥“â πæ◊™¥â«‡ √‘¡ √â“ß»—°¬¿“æ∫ÿ§≈“°√ à߇ √‘¡∫ÿ§≈“°√„Àâ»°÷ …“«‘®¬— „π “¢“æ◊™‡©æ“–¥â“π ‰¥â·°à °≈⫬‰¡â ∫—« ‰ºà °≈⫬ °° À≠â“ œ≈œ ·≈–Õ◊πË Ê ‡æ◊ÕË √Õß√—∫¿“√°‘®∑—ßÈ ¥â“π°“√Õπÿ√°— …å »÷°…“ «‘®—¬ ·≈–∂à“¬∑Õ¥§«“¡√Ÿâ‡°’ˬ«°—∫æ—π∏ÿ剡â¢Õß ª√–‡∑» °“√®—¥µ—ßÈ »Ÿπ¬å√«¡æ√√≥‰¡âª√–®”¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “§ ªí®®ÿ∫π— Õ æ. ‰¥â®¥— µ—ßÈ »Ÿπ¬å√«¡æ√√≥‰¡âª√–®”¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “§ ·≈â« 3 ·Ààß §◊Õ »Ÿπ¬å√«¡æ√√≥‰¡â∫â“π√ࡇ°≈â“ „πæ√–√“™¥”√‘ µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë µ”∫≈∫àÕ¿“§ Õ”‡¿Õ™“µ‘µ√–°“√ ®—ßÀ«—¥æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° »Ÿπ¬å √«¡æ√√≥‰¡â¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ° µ—ßÈ Õ¬Ÿ∑à ∫Ë’ “â πæ≈߉ « µ”∫≈ ™“°æß Õ”‡¿Õ·°≈ß ®—ßÀ«—¥√–¬Õß ·≈–»Ÿπ¬å√«¡æ√√≥‰¡â ¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ µ—ßÈ Õ¬Ÿ∑à ∫’Ë ß÷ ∑ÿßà æ÷ßæ◊¥ Õ”‡¿Õæ≈ ®—ßÀ«—¥¢Õπ·°àπ ·≈–‰¥â¡·’ ºπß“π®—¥µ—ßÈ »Ÿπ¬å√«¡æ√√≥‰¡â ¿“§„µâ ∑’®Ë ß— À«—¥π√“∏‘«“ Õ’° 1 ·Ààß ‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡ß“π ¥â“πæ◊™∑—«Ë ª√–‡∑» ·¡â«“à ‡ âπ∑“ß·Ààß°“√æ—≤π“«‘™“°“√¥â“π惰…»“ µ√å

12

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

The vision for the garden is çto be an excellent center for botany, including the collection and propagation of Thai plants, education, exploration, research and transfer of knowledge of beautiful and valuable Thai plants to the worldé.

These yellow orchids represent His Majesty the Kingûs color. The breeding is expected to produce over 5,000 plants per specie. These wil be taken to schools for care and breeding in the future.

At Present The Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden has been developed to provide knowledge to the public. It is open to students, academics, and the general public. Visitors can participate in enjoyable tours and learn together. Moreover, the garden is a place for teaching and researching plant use and the Thai plant species index. In particular, the Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden has a project that involves breeding 1,128 species of native Thai orchids. The project collects species from all over the country, records each specie, breeds those that are scarce, and develops new species by cross-breeding.

Through Her Majestyûs initiative, projects have been developed in the garden.

These include projects on the firefly, breeding of aromatic orchids, and use of Kanchong as a commercial plant.

®–‰¡à„™à∑“߇¥‘π∑’√Ë “∫‡√’¬∫ª√“»®“°Õÿª √√§ ·≈–µâÕ߇ªìπ Future Projects Database Development ‰ªÕ¬à“ß™â“Ê ·µà„π∑’ Ë ¥ÿ «π惰…»“ µ√å ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“ Thailand has more than 10,000 plant species and small plants totaling more ‘ √‘ °‘ µ‘Ï °Á ‰ ¥â °â “ «¢÷È π ¡“‡ªì π ·À≈à ß √«∫√«¡§«“¡√Ÿâ ¥â “ π 惰…»“ µ√å ·À≈àß∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡ß¥ß“¡ ·≈–‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å than 5,000 species. There is a need to develop a database, collect samples, ·Ààßæ—π∏ÿæå ™◊ À≈“°™π‘¥ √«¡∑—ßÈ ‡ªìπ ∂“π∑’‚Ë πâ¡πâ“« °≈àÕ¡ devise a scientific classification, and provide data to the public in the future.

Development of Plant Products ‡°≈“®‘µ„®¢Õ߇¬“«™π„À⡧’ «“¡√—°∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈–µ√–Àπ—°

To promote and develop different types of plant products and packages and thus increase their value and expand their markets, cooperation of the private sector - local and foreign - is needed.

Capacity Building Capacity building in research concerning specific plants, such as orchids, lotus, bamboos, bananas, weeds, reeds, and others, is needed to support

∂÷ ß §ÿ ≥ §à “ ¢Õß°“√Õπÿ √— ° …å ∑ √— æ ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ · ≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡µ“¡·π«æ√–√“™¥”√‘¢Õß ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“œ æ√–∫√¡√“™‘ππ’ “∂ µ“¡‡ªÑ“À¡“¬∑’‰Ë ¥âµß—È ‰«â ∑â “ ¬ ÿ ¥ §≥–ºŸâ ®— ¥ ∑”«“√ “√œ ¢Õ¢Õ∫æ√–§ÿ ≥ ¥√.«’√–™—¬ ≥ π§√ ºŸÕâ ”π«¬°“√Õߧ尓√ «π情»“ µ√å ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß Ÿß ∑’°Ë √ÿ≥“„Àâ ¡— ¿“…≥å ·≈–„π‚Õ°“ µàÕ‰ª§≥– ºŸ®â ¥— ∑”«“√ “√œ §ß®–‰¥â√∫— §«“¡°√ÿ≥“π”‡√◊ÕË ß∑’πË “à π„® ·≈–‡√◊ÕË ß¥’Ê ‡°’¬Ë «°—∫ «π惰…»“ µ√åœ ·Ààßπ’¡È “∂à“¬∑Õ¥ °—πÕ’° ■

conservation, study, and learning involving national plant species.

Establishment of Regional Botanical Centers The Botanical Garden Organization is in the process of establishing regional botanical centers in three areas, as follows: Ban Romklao Initiative Project in Boh-pak Sub-district, Chatrakarn District, Phitsanulok Province; Eastern Botanical Center in Ban Plongsawai, Sakpong Sub-district, Klang District, Rayong Province; and Northeastern Botanical Center in Bueng Thoong Perngperd, Phol District, Khon Kaen Province. The Southern Botanical Center in Narathiwat will be established in order to expand the organizationûs services.

Although the pursuit of botanical development has not been smooth and has proceeded slowly, the Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden is now recognized as the first botanical garden in Thailand that provides botanical knowledge. It has become a beautiful tourist attraction while also serving as a place for educating youngsters about nature and promoting their awareness in natural resource conservation. This is a major objective of Her Majesty's initiative.

We, the staff of the Thailand Nature and Environment Journal, would like to convey our great appreciation to Dr. Weerachai Na Nakorn, Director of the Botanical Garden Organization, for granting permission for this interview. We hope for his kind permission to publish further articles from the Botanical Garden Organization in the future. ■ ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

13

¡¥ÿ≈·≈–À≈“°À≈“¬ Balance and Diverse

ªÕß∑‘æ¬å ¿Ÿ«‡®√‘≠*

¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“»‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈߉ª·≈â«

‡√“§«√∑”Õ¬à“߉√?

Climate Change What should we do about it. °“√»÷°…“ ·≈–°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬¥â“π°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“»‡ªìπ»“ µ√å∑¡’Ë §’ «“¡ ≈–‡Õ’¬¥ πÕ°®“°®–µâÕßÕ“»—¬§«“¡·¡à𬔄π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π ç¿“«–°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“»é ·≈â« ¬—ßµâÕßÕ“»—¬°“√§“¥°“√≥åº≈°√–∑∫∑’ÕË “®‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ Õ¬à“ß·¡à𬔠·≈– °“√°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬√Õß√—∫∑’‡Ë À¡“– ¡°—∫ ¿“ææ◊πÈ ∑’ÕË °’ ¥â«Pongtip Puvacharoen*

The study of climate change and the ensuing need to formulate appropriate policies are complicated processes that involve thorough understanding of complex science. In order to draw and implement suitable and effective measures, there is a need for precise prediction of future climate change and its potential possible impacts.

¿—¬∑“ß∏√√¡™“µ‘µ“à ßÊ ∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡√ÿπ·√ß¡“°¢÷πÈ ‰¡à«“à ®– ‡ªìπ Tsunami, Herrican, El Nino, La Nina πÈ”∑à«¡√ÿπ·√ß¡“° Ωπµ°πÕ°ƒ¥Ÿ ≈â«π·≈â«·µà¡µ’ πâ ‡Àµÿ ”§—≠¡“®“°Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ „π™—Èπ∫√√¬“°“»¢Õß‚≈°∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ Õ—π‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√ ‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“» Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡æ‘ π◊È º‘«‚≈°‡æ‘¡Ë Ÿß¢÷πÈ ‡√“Õ“®‰¥â¬π‘ °—π∫àÕ¬§√—ßÈ «à“ „π™à«ß 20 ªï∑º’Ë “à π¡“§◊Õµ—ßÈ ·µàªï §.». 1970 π—Èπ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß‚≈°‡æ‘Ë¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ 0.6 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ·µà¢Õâ ‡∑Á®®√‘ß∑’‡Ë √“Õ“®¬—߉¡à§Õà ¬∑√“∫ °—π §◊Õ ‚¥¬ª°µ‘ ∫πæ◊πÈ º‘«¢Õß‚≈°®–¡’Õ≥ ÿ À¿Ÿ¡ ‘ ߟ °«à“ æ◊πÈ º‘«πÈ”ª√–¡“≥ 3-4 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ª√–°Õ∫°—∫‚≈°¡’æπ◊È º‘« à«π∑’‡Ë ªìπ·ºàπ¥‘π‡æ’¬ß 1 „π 3 ¢Õßæ◊πÈ º‘«‚≈°∑—ßÈ À¡¥ ‡æ√“–©–π—ÈπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡©≈’ˬ∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ∫πæ◊Èπ·ºàπ¥‘π„π∫“ß æ◊πÈ ∑’ÕË “® Ÿß¢÷πÈ ∂÷ß 5-6 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ‰¥â „π¢≥–∑’ÕË ≥ ÿ ¿Ÿ¡∫‘ π º‘«πȔՓ®‰¡à¡°’ “√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ ‡¡◊ÕË æ‘®“√≥“√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ∑’·Ë ¥ßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‡‘ ©≈’¬Ë ∫πæ◊πÈ º‘«‚≈° ™à«ß 1,000 ªï∑·’Ë ≈â« ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫‡©æ“–™à«ß 140 ªï∑º’Ë “à π ¡“ ‡√“®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π«à“ „π™à«ß»µ«√√…∑’Ë 20 π—πÈ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‡‘ ©≈’¬Ë ¢Õß‚≈°‡æ‘¡Ë Ÿß¢÷πÈ Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß ‚¥¬‡©æ“– ∫√‘‡«≥´’°‚≈°‡Àπ◊Õ ”À√—∫√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡„‘ πÕ𓧵∑’§Ë “¥ «à“®– Ÿß¢÷πÈ À“°Õ—µ√“°“√ª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬°ä“´‡√◊Õπ°√–®°¬—ßÕ¬Ÿà „π√–¥—∫‡¥’¬«°—∫ªí®®ÿ∫π— µ√“∫®π∂÷ßªï §.». 2080 °“√»÷°…“¥â“π°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“» π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åÀ≈“¬·¢πß »÷°…“°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß

14

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

The occurrence of natural hazards, such as the recent tsunami, hurricanes, the El Nino and La Nina phenomena, severe floods and unusual rain, has been proved by many scientists to have been the related to climate change.

* π—°«‘™“°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ 4 ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Environmental Official Level 4, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

The earth is heating up Recently, there have been reports that the average global temperature has risen by about 0.6 degree Celsius since the 1970s. However, this increase should be considered in the light of a well-established fact, that is, the ground surface is about 3 to 4 degrees Celsius warmer than the oceanic surface. As ground surface covers only a third of the earth, this could mean that in some areas the temperature could rise by up to 5 to 6 degrees Celsius, while on oceanic surface there may be no temperature change at all.

Figure 1 shows a comparison of the average

· ¥ßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‡‘ ©≈’¬Ë ∫πº‘«‚≈° ∑’ Ë ßŸ ¢÷πÈ ¿“殓° Climate change 2001 : The scientific BASIS, IPCC Higher average temperature of earthûs surface: The scientific BASIS, IPCC

¢Õß ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß ®π°√–∑—ßË „πªï §.».

1992 ¡’°“√®—¥ª√–™ÿ¡ Àª√–™“™“µ‘«“à ¥â«¬ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈– °“√æ—≤π“ (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development : UNCED) ¢÷πÈ ´÷ßË ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ®ÿ¥‡√‘¡Ë µâπ„π °“√ª√– “𧫓¡√à«¡¡◊Õ√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»„π°“√µàÕ Ÿâ°—∫ ªí≠À“¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„π 3 ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë ”§—≠ §◊Õ§«“¡ À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ∑’≈Ë ¥≈ß °“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¢Õß æ◊Èπ∑’ˇªìπ∑–‡≈∑√“¬À√◊Õ‡ªìπæ◊Èπ∑’Ë·Àâß·≈âß®—¥ ·≈–°“√ ‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“» „π à«π¢Õß°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“» ¡’°“√·∫àß ¢Õ∫‡¢µ°“√»÷°…“‰«âÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π °≈à“«§◊Õ 1. »÷°…“°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“» „π‡™‘ß «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å«à“ ‡°‘¥Õ–‰√¢÷Èπ°—∫ ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»¢Õß‚≈° ‡™àπ °“√ √â“ß·∫∫®”≈Õß°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“» °“√»÷ ° …“§«“¡‡¢â ¡ ¢â π ¢Õß°ä “ ´‡√◊ Õ π°√–®°„π™—È π ∫√√¬“°“» À√◊Õªí®®—¬∑’¡Ë º’ ≈µàÕ¿“«–‡√◊Õπ°√–®° ‡ªìπµâπ 2. »÷ ° …“°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ ¡‘ Õ “°“»µà Õ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ´÷ßË ®–™à«¬„Àâ “¡“√∂ §“¥°“√≥åº≈°√–∑∫∑’®Ë –‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ‰¥â ‡™àπ √–¥—∫πÈ”∑–‡≈®– Ÿß¢÷Èπ‡∑à“‰√ ª√‘¡“≥·≈–§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥Ωπ®–¡’°“√ ‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ßÕ¬à“߉√ ·≈–æ—π∏ÿæå ™◊ ∑’‡Ë ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈߉ª¡’æπ— ∏ÿå „¥∫â“ß ‡ªìπµâπ √«¡∑—ßÈ §“¥°“√≥åº≈°√–∑∫∑’®Ë –‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ®“° °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»µàÕ‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡ ¥â«3. »÷ ° …“°“√ª√— ∫ µ— « µà Õ °“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß ¿“æ ¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“» ∑’Ë¡ÿà߇πâπ°“√‡µ√’¬¡§«“¡æ√âÕ¡„π°“√√Õß√—∫ º≈°√–∑∫∑’ÕË “®‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ∑—ßÈ „π‡™‘ß°“¬¿“æ ‡»√…∞°‘® ·≈– —ߧ¡ º≈°“√»÷°…“®–𔉪 Ÿ°à “√µ—¥ ‘π„®¢ÕßΩÉ“∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕß ‡æ◊ÕË π”‰ª Ÿ°à “√À“·π«∑“ß„π°“√≈¥º≈°√–∑∫

Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡∑‘ §’Ë “¥«à“®– Ÿß¢÷πÈ „πªï 2080 ‡¡◊ÕË ‡∑’¬∫°—∫Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡„‘ π ªí®®ÿ∫π— ¿“殓° Hadley Center, Climate change and the green house effect : A briefing frem the Hadley Centre, December 2005 Expected temperature in 2080 compared to present temperature

earth surface temperature in the past 1000 years and the last 40 years. Clearly, the average earth surface temperature in the 20th century has been increasing, particularly in the northern hemisphere.

Figure 2 shows the temperature predicted in 2080 if the present rate of greenhouse gas emission continues.

The scope of climate change science For over 20 years, scientists from many fields have been observing changes in the global environment.

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in 1992, was the starting point for international cooperation to combat three major problems namely, biodiversity loss, desertification and climate change.

Climate change studies can be categorized under three main topics: 1. Science of climate change: to observe the effects and consequences of climate change; to build climate models to predict the potential effects of climate change, taking into account different levels of greenhouse gas emissions.

2. Impacts of climate change: to study the physical impacts of climate change, for example, how much has the sea risen, how has the rainfall pattern changed, what are the impacts on agricultural products, what are the socio-economic impacts.

3. Adapting to the impacts of climate change: to focus on how to cope with the impacts of climate change - physically, social y and economically.

Stakeholders play a crucial part in deciding how to

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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¡¥ÿ≈·≈–À≈“°À≈“¬ Balance and Diverse

·≈–§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬∑’ÕË “®®–‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ °—∫ª√–™“§¡‚≈°„ÀâπÕâ ∑’ Ë ¥ÿ °√≥’»°÷ …“¢â“«¢“«¥Õ°¡–≈‘ 105 ≥ ∑ÿßà °ÿ≈“√âÕ߉Àâ „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¡’°“√»÷°…“º≈°√–∑∫®“°°“√ ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»‚¥¬„™â·∫∫®”≈Õ߇°’ˬ«°—∫ °“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“» ·≈–º≈°√–∑∫∑’ÕË “®‡°‘¥ ¢÷πÈ µàÕ·À≈àßπÈ”·≈–º≈‘µº≈∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√∑’„Ë ™âπ”È Ωπ ‚¥Southeast Asia System for Analysis, Reserch and Training Regional Center (SEA-START Center) º≈°“√»÷°…“∑’‡Ë º¬·æ√à„π‡¥◊Õπ°√°Æ“§¡ 2548 ∫àß™’«È “à Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢ÕßÕ“°“»„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§‡Õ‡´’¬µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß„µâ®– ‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ‡≈Á°πâÕ¬§◊Õ +- 0.5 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ·≈–Õ“®¡’ª√‘¡“≥ πÈ”Ωπ¡“°¢÷πÈ ‡¡◊ÕË √–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß°ä“´‡√◊Õπ°√–®° „π™—πÈ ∫√√¬“°“»‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ‡ªìπ 540 ppm. √«¡∑—ßÈ ¬—ß√–∫ÿ¥«â «à“ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡¢‘ ÕßÕ“°“»®–‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ 1 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ∂ⓧ«“¡ ‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß°ä“´‡√◊Õπ°√–®°‡ªìπ 720 ppm. À√◊Õ 2 ‡∑à“¢Õß √–¥—∫„πªí®®ÿ∫π— °“√»÷°…“¢â“ßµâπ√–∫ÿ«à“ °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“» ¡’º≈°√–∑∫„π∑“ß∫«°µàÕº≈º≈‘µ¢â“«¢“«¥Õ°¡–≈‘ 105 „π∑ÿßà °ÿ≈“√âÕ߉Àâ °≈à“«§◊Õ º≈º≈‘µ¢â“«¢“«¥Õ°¡–≈‘ 105 „πæ◊πÈ ∑’®Ë –‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ “‡Àµÿ∑‡’Ë ªìπ‡™àππ—πÈ ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°ª√‘¡“≥ °ä“´§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å„π∫√√¬“°“»∑’ Ë ßŸ ¢÷πÈ 1.5 - 2 ‡∑à“ ¢Õßªí®®ÿ∫—π ∑Ì“„Àâæ◊™ª√ÿßÕ“À“√‰¥â¡“°¢÷Èπ ª√–°Õ∫°—∫ ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”Ωπ„πæ◊Èπ∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¥â«¬ ∑”„Àâ¢â“«‰¡à¢“¥πÈ” µ≈Õ¥™à«ßƒ¥Ÿª≈Ÿ° Õ’°∑—ßÈ ‰¡à¡ ’ ¿“æπÈ”∑à«¡¢—ß®π∑Ì“„À⢓⠫ ‡ ’¬À“¬

·π«∑“ß„π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π º≈°√–∑∫®“°°“√ ‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“» Guidelines for assessment of impacts of climate change

handle climate change with minimum impact to the world community.

Thai case studies: Jasmine rice 105 at Kula-Long-Hai Field In Thailand, researches on climate change modeling and the potential impacts on agricultural products have been conducted by the Southeast Asia System for Analysis, Research and Training Regional Center (SEA-START Center).

Rice, the staple food for the Thai people for many centuries, was the subject of a case study in Kula-Long-Hai field, one of the areas in Northeastern Thailand where intensive rice agriculture is practised.

The study which was released in July 2005 indicated that the average temperature in Northeastern Thailand could measure +- 0.5 degree Celsius, with more rainfall when the carbon dioxide concentration reaches 540 ppm. If the carbon dioxide concentration rises to 720 ppm or twice the current level, the average temperature could go up by 1 degree Celsius.

The study found that climate change could have positive impacts on the production of Jasmine rice in Kula-Long-Hai field. The planting season begins in ∫∑µàÕ‰ª¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¢â“«¢“«¥Õ°¡–≈‘ 105 „πæ◊πÈ ∑’∑Ë ßÿà °ÿ≈“√âÕ߉À⇪ìπ‡æ’¬ß June and increases in the crop yield for Jasmine rice are likely. This is due to µ—«Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷ËߢÕߺ≈°√–∑∫∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß many factors that are the result of climate change. These include an increase 16

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

in the concentration of carbon dioxide by 1.5 to 2 times from the current level, enabling increased rice production, more rainfall in the area, and non-flood condition.

¿“æ¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“»µàÕº≈º≈‘µ∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡ª‘ √–‡∑»Õ“®‡ªìπªí®®—¬ ”§—≠∑’∑Ë ”„Àâº≈°√–∑∫∑’Ë ®–‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ µàÕ¿“§°“√‡°…µ√·µ°µà“ß°—π ¥—ßπ—πÈ °“√¥”‡π‘π ß“π‡æ◊Ë Õ √Õß√— ∫ º≈°√–∑∫®“°°“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß ¿“æ ¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»®÷ß®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇√àß√—¥°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬ ‡°’ˬ«°—∫ º≈°√–∑∫∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥¢÷ÈπµàÕ¿“§°“√‡°…µ√ √«¡∑—Èß°“√ ª√– “𧫓¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢Õß∑ÿ°¿“§ à«π„π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√ Õ¬à“ß∫Ÿ√≥“°“√‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪 Ÿà°“√º≈‘µÕ“À“√·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ ª√–‡∑»Õ¬à“߬—ßË ¬◊π ■

Next chapter for Thailand Jasmine rice 105 in Kula-Long-Hai field is just one example of the positive impacts of climate change. However, the same may not be true for other crops or for Jasmine rice 105 planted in other parts of Thailand, due to geographical differences. Climate change adaptation and policy making are complex issues that require integration and cooperation from all stakeholders, as well as researches to support policy making process in order to sustain future food production and national development. ■

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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¡¥ÿ≈·≈–À≈“°À≈“¬ Balance and Diverse

°≈ÿ¡à ß“πµ‘¥µ“¡ª√–‡¡‘π ∂“π°“√≥å °Õßµ‘¥µ“¡ª√–‡¡‘πº≈*/ Monitoring

and Evaluation Sub-Division*

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æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ ‘ ßà ‡ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». 2535 ¡“µ√“ 13 (13) °”Àπ¥„Àâ§≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘‡ πÕ√“¬ß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫ ∂“π°“√≥å §ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»µàÕ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ªï≈– 1 §√—ßÈ ‡æ◊ÕË ‡ªìπ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ª√–°Õ∫°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®·≈–®—¥∑”π‚¬∫“¬·≈–«“ß·ºπ°“√®—¥°“√§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»

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∏√≥’æ∫‘ µ— ¿‘ ¬— ÷π“¡‘ °àÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬µàÕ™’«µ‘ ∑√—æ¬å π‘ ·≈–°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ߢÕß √–∫∫𑇫»∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬Ωíßò ¿“«–¿—¬·≈âß¡’·π«‚πâ¡√ÿπ·√ߢ÷πÈ àߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ‡»√…∞°‘®‚¥¬√«¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑» “√Õ—πµ√“¬·≈–¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬¡’·π«‚πâ¡‡æ‘¡Ë ¡“°¢÷πÈ „π¢≥–∑’∫Ë “ß à«π¬—ß¡’°“√°”®—¥ ‰¡à∂°Ÿ «‘∏’ àߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈– ÿ¢¿“æÕπ“¡—¬¢Õߪ√–™“™π °“√¢¬“¬µ—«¢ÕßÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ‡°…µ√°√√¡ ·≈–™ÿ¡™π àߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ” ‚¥¬‡©æ“–·¡àπÈ”∑à“®’πµÕπ≈à“ß¡’§«“¡‡ ◊ÕË ¡‚∑√¡¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â√—∫º≈°√–∑∫®“°°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ‡™àπ ¿“«–¿—¬·≈âß πÈ”∑à«¡ °“√°—¥‡´“–™“¬Ωíßò ·≈–‚√§√–∫“¥∑’¡Ë ¬’ ßÿ ·≈–ÀπŸ‡ªìπæ“À–

1. ‡æ◊ÕË µ‘¥µ“¡ª√–‡¡‘π ∂“π°“√≥å§≥ ÿ ¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈– ®— ¥ ∑”‡ªì π √“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡ ª√–®”ªï æ.». 2548 2. ‡æ◊ËÕ𔇠πÕ√“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õß ª√–‡∑»µà Õ §≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡·Àà ß ™“µ‘ · ≈– §≥–√—∞¡πµ√’ ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ª√–°Õ∫°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®„π °“√ªÑÕß°—π·≈–·°â‰¢ªí≠À“∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ °—∫∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∑—π∑à«ß∑’ ·≈– “¡“√∂°”Àπ¥ π‚¬∫“¬¥â “ π∑√— æ ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ · ≈– ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡¢Õß ª√–‡∑»„Àâ¡’§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ ∂“π°“√≥å µàÕ‰ª

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°√Õ∫·π«§‘¥ Pressure - State - Response Model

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ΩÿπÉ ≈–ÕÕß ∫√‘‡«≥√‘¡∂π𠓬À≈—°¬—ߧ߇ªìπªí≠À“∑’ Ë ”§—≠ §ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑’ˇ§¬Õ¬Ÿ„à π‡°≥±å¥’ ¡’§≥ ÿ ¿“æ‡ ◊ÕË ¡‚∑√¡≈ß®“°ªï∑ºË’ “à π¡“ ¢¬–™ÿ¡™π¬—ߧߡ’·π«‚π⡇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ·≈–¡’ªí≠À“„π¥â“π°“√°”®—¥

‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡‡¡◊Õß·≈–™ÿ¡™π : ❖ ❖

°“√¢¬“¬µ—«¢Õߪ√–™“°√‰¡à¡§’ «“¡ ¡¥ÿ≈°—∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√√Õß√—∫¢Õ߇¡◊Õß ‡°‘¥ªí≠À“¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“» πÈ” ¢¬– ¢Õ߇ ’¬Õ—πµ√“¬ ¢“¥æ◊πÈ ∑’ Ë ‡’ ¢’¬« ·≈–¡≈∑—»πå¢Õ߇¡◊Õß

❖

¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 1. à߇ √‘¡À≈—°°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õߪ√–™“™π ·≈–°“√‡¢â“∂÷ߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈¥â“π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ 2. ‡√àß√—¥°“√„™âÀ≈—°°“√ºŸ°â Õà ¡≈æ‘…‡ªìπºŸ®â “à ¬·≈–À≈—°°“√§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫∑“ß ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“∫—ߧ—∫„™âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ 3. π—∫ πÿπ°“√„™â¡“µ√°“√®Ÿß„®‡æ◊ËÕ π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ¿“§‡Õ°™π‡¢â“¡’ à«π√à«¡ „π°“√Õπÿ√°— …å·≈–øóπô øŸ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ 4. ‡√à ß √— ¥ °“√¥”‡π‘ π °“√ªÑ Õ ß°— π ≈à « ßÀπâ “ ¡“‡æ◊Ë Õ „™â ≈ ¥º≈°√–∑∫À√◊ Õ §«“¡‡ ’ ¬ À“¬®“°°“√æ— ≤ π“∑’Ë à ß º≈°√–∑∫µà Õ ∑√— æ ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ 5. ‡√àß√—¥°“√ª√—∫·°â°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë≈â“ ¡—¬ ‰¡à Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·≈– ∂“π°“√≥å ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’‡Ë ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈߉ª 6. à߇ √‘¡·≈– π—∫ πÿπ°“√æ—≤π“»—°¬¿“æ¢ÕßÕߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ Õߧå°√æ—≤π“‡Õ°™π ·≈–‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ª√–™“™π„Àâ “¡“√∂¥”‡π‘π°“√¥â“π ∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥â¥â«¬µπ‡Õß √«¡∑—Èß ‡Õ◊ÕÈ Õ”π«¬„À⇰‘¥§«“¡√à«¡¡◊ÕÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ 7. à߇ √‘¡°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡√Ÿâ §«“¡‡¢â“„®‡°’¬Ë «°—∫ ‘∑∏‘·≈–Àπâ“∑’µË “¡°ÆÀ¡“Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ¥â“π°“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·°àÕߧå°√ ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ Õߧå°√æ—≤π“‡Õ°™π ·≈–‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ª√–™“™π„Àâ¡’ §ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ 8. ‡√àß√—¥°“√«‘®¬— ·≈–æ—≤π“°“√º≈‘µæ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π ‡æ◊ÕË „™âª√–‚¬™πå„π‡™‘ß æ“≥‘™¬å

❖

ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’·À≈àß¡√¥°‚≈° 5 ·Ààß - ·À≈àß¡√¥°∑“ß«—≤π∏√√¡ 3 ·Ààß - ·À≈àß¡√¥°∑“ß∏√√¡™“µ‘ 2 ·Ààß ¡’°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π凰‘π°«à“»—°¬¿“æ√Õß√—∫ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–®“°°‘®°√√¡°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ∑”„À⇠’¬ ¡¥ÿ≈·≈–§ÿ≥§à“·À≈àß ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈–»‘≈ª°√√¡

à«π∑’Ë 3 : √“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√ ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖

°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß·≈–æ—≤π“√–∫∫°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈°√–∑∫ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚¥¬„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫°“√°”Àπ¥ √Ÿª·∫∫√“¬ß“π °“√¡’ «à π√à«¡¢Õߪ√–™“™π °√–∫«π°“√æ‘®“√≥“·≈–∫∑≈ß‚∑… ∑∫∑«π°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’¡Ë Õ’ ¬Ÿ‡à ¥‘¡·≈–¬°√à“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬„À¡à °“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õߪ√–™“™π ‰¥â√∫— °“√ à߇ √‘¡¡“°¬‘ßË ¢÷πÈ °“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß·π«∑“ß°“√∫√‘À“√ß“π°Õß∑ÿπ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚¥¬‡πâπ°“√∫√‘À“√‡™‘ß√ÿ°

º≈∑’§Ë “¥«à“®–‰¥â√∫— §≥–√—∞¡πµ√’

‰¥â√∫— ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ª√–°Õ∫°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®·°âª≠ í À“ °“√°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬¥â“π∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡

ºŸ¡â ’ «à π‡°’¬Ë «¢âÕß

∑√“∫¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß ∂“π°“√≥åª≠ í À“¥â“π∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ √â“ß®‘µ ”π÷°·≈–°“√¡’ «à π√à«¡„π°“√Õπÿ√°— …å∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ π‚¬∫“¬ ·ºπ ¡“µ√°“√

Àπà«¬ß“π¿“§√—∞ ∂“π°“√≥åª≠ í À“

°“√ªØ‘∫µ— ‘ µ‘¥µ“¡ª√–‡¡‘πº≈

18

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

* ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ / Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡»‘≈ª°√√¡:

State of the Environment Report 2005 Situations and Identified Problems Background Section 13 of the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act 1992 required National Environment Board to submit reports on the state of the national environment to the Cabinet at least once a year, to be used as supporting information for decision-making and development of national policy and environmental quality management plan.

Objectives 1. To assess the state of the environment and develop the Thailandûs State of the Environment Report for the year 2005; and 2. To submit Thailandûs State of the Environment Report to National Environment Board and the Cabinet, to be used as supporting information for decision-making on the protection of natural resources and the environment and resolving ensuing problems, and to develop national policy on natural resources and the environment that is applicable and relevant to the current situation.

Part 1: Report on Significant State of Natural Resources and the Environment during the Period 2004-2005 ❖ Tsunami disaster caused damages to life, physical and natural assets, marine and coastal ecosystems. ❖ Droughts that tended to be more severe, affecting the national economy as a whole. ❖ Increasing trends in the use of hazardous substances and wastes, while those that have not been completely eradicated continued to pose impacts on the environment and human health. ❖ Expansion of industry, agriculture and communities, resulting in worsening water quality, especially in the lower Tha Chin River area where water quality was found to be most deteriorated. ❖ Continuing impact of climate change in Thailand, causing droughts, floods, coastal erosion and epidemics carried by mosquitoes and rats.

Part 2: Report on the State of Natural Resources and the Environment

by Sector Natural Resources ❖ Continued illegal logging, causing impacts on ecosystems. ❖ Inappropriate land use according to type and soil capacity, resulting in soil deterioration and economic loss. ❖ Annual occurrence of droughts in the dry season and flooding in the rainy season, affecting the economy and society and aggravating conflicts. ❖ Increased mineral resources consumption and production posed impacts on natural resources and the environment, giving rise to conflict problems. ❖ Continuing increases in energy consumption, especially fossil energy, affecting the environment and human health. ❖ Encroachment of marine and coastal resources, resulting in changes in coastal ecosystems. ❖ Threats to biological diversity of forest, coastal and other ecosystems due to deforestation and development projects that affect fauna and flora species, as well as the roles and functions of ecosystems.

Conceptual Framework Pressure - State - Response Model

Recommendations 1. Promote principles of public participation and access to

environmental information.

2. Accelerate the use and effective implementation of

Polluter-Pays Principle and Environmental Liability Principle.

3. Promote the use of incentive measures to support private 4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

participation in conservation and restoration of natural resources and the environment.

Accelerate implementation of the Precautionary Principle to reduce impact and damage from development that affects natural resources and the environment.

Accelerate revision of outdated laws that changed environmental conditions and was not in accordance with the Constitution.

Promote and support capacity building of local administration authorities, NGOs and public networks to handle natural resources and environmental administration, and to facilitate effective cooperation.

Promote knowledge and create understanding of rights and duties according to the law, as well as natural resources and environmental management among local administration authorities, NGOs and public networks in order to increase their capacity and efficiency.

Accelerate research and development in the production of commercial alternative sources of energy.

Pollution ❖ Significant health problems caused by dirt and dust along main roads. ❖ Degradation of water quality. ❖ Rise in the volume of municipal solid waste and disposal problems.

Urban and Community Environment ❖ Population growth was not in harmony with the urban carrying capacity. ❖ Problems of air and water pollution and solid and hazardous waste, lack of green areas, as well as degradation of the aesthetic beauty of the natural landscape.

Natural and Cultural Environment ❖ Thailand has five world heritage sites in addition to three cultural heritage sites and two natural heritage sites. ❖ Utilization exceeded the carrying capacity, especially due to tourism activities, resulting in imbalances in equilibrium and reduced value of natural and cultural areas.

Part 3: Report on the State of Natural Resources and Environmental Administration ❖ Improvement and development of environmental impact assessment system, with emphasis on format of the report, public participation, consideration mechanism and penalty. ❖ Revision of existing environmental legislations and drafting new ones. ❖ Promotion of natural resources and environmental administration with public participation mechanism. ❖ Improvement of guidelines for administration of the Environmental Fund with emphasis on pro-active management.

Expected Results Cabinet

Received Information to support decision-making in resolving problems.

Determination of policy on natural resources and the environment.

Involved Parties

Stakeholders are informed of actual situations and problems concerning natural resources and the environment To build public awareness of and participation in natural resources and environmental conservation.

Policy, plan and measure

Government Agencies

Status and issues

Implementation

Monitoring and evaluation ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

19

¡¥ÿ≈·≈–À≈“°À≈“¬ Balance and Diverse

«à“∑’√Ë Õâ ¬‚∑ »√“ππ∑å ππ∑«ß…å*

∑ÿBußàa -∫—To«ngµÕß Field, the Wonder of the Hills

¡À—»®√√¬å·Ààߢÿπ‡¢“ “¬À¡Õ° ·≈–¥Õ°‰¡â

Memories of beautiful yellow flowers and mysterious morning fogs ™à«ß‡¥◊Õπ惻®‘°“¬π - ∏—𫓧¡ ¥Õ°∫—«µÕß∑’πË ∫’Ë “π æ√âÕ¡Ê °—π ®π‡À≈◊ÕßÕ√à“¡∑—ßÈ ¿Ÿ‡¢“ π—°∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «®–‰¥â™¡ ∑—È ß ¥Õ°∫— « µÕß·≈–™¡æ√–Õ“∑‘ µ ¬å µ °¥‘ π „πµÕπ‡¬Á π ∫√√¬“°“»∑’ Ë ß∫‡ß’¬∫∑à“¡°≈“ß· ߥ“«„πµÕπ°≈“ߧ◊π ·≈–™¡∑–‡≈À¡Õ°„πµÕπ‡™â“ ∑’æË ≈“¥‰¡à‰¥â§Õ◊ °“√ —¡º— °—∫ «‘∂’™’«‘µ¢Õß™π‡ºà“™“«‰∑¬¿Ÿ‡¢“∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà∫π¬Õ¥¥Õ∑’ Ë ≈—∫´—∫´âÕπ·Ààßπ’È ∫π‡ âπ∑“ßÕ—π§¥‡§’¬È «°«à“ 1,864 ‚§âß ≈—∫°—∫°“√¢÷πÈ ≈ß ‡¢“ ŸßµË”µ≈Õ¥°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß ‡ ’¬ß‡§√◊ÕË ß¬πµå§”√“¡‰¡à‡ªìπ ®—ßÀ«– §◊∫§≈“πÕ¬à“߇™◊ËÕߙ⓬“¡¢÷Èπ‡π‘π™—π °≈‘Ëπ‡∫√° §√—™∑å‚™¬øÿßÑ ¬“¡‰À≈≈߇π‘π Ÿß π—°∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « ¡—§√‡≈àπ‡√‘¡Ë ‡°‘¥Õ“°“√‡¡◊ÕË ¬≈â“ ∫â“ß°Á∫¥‘ µ—«‰ª¡“‡æ◊ÕË §≈“¬§«“¡ª«¥ ‡¡◊ÕË ¬ ∫â“ß°Á«ß‘ ‡«’¬π §≈◊πË ‰ â‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫®–æà“¬·æâ°∫— ‡ âπ∑“ß Õ—π· 𧥇§’¬È « ·µà∑°ÿ §πµà“ßπ‘ßË ‡ß’¬∫ µ—ßÈ µ‘ ®âÕß¡Õß∂ππ µ√ßÀπâ“ ´÷ßË ¥â“πÀπ÷ßË ‡ªìπÀπ⓺“ Õ’°¥â“πÀπ÷ßË ‡ªìπ‡À«≈÷° ¡Õߥâ“πÀπⓉ¥â‡æ’¬ß‰¡à°‡Ë’ ¡µ√ ‡æ√“–∂Ÿ°∫¥∫—ß®“°À¡Õ° Àπ“ „π„®µà“ß°Á™«à ¬§π¢—∫≈ÿπâ µ≈Õ¥∑“ß √“«°—∫«à“Õ¬“°®– ‰ª™à«¬∂◊Õæ«ß¡“≈—¬‡ ’¬‡Õß...........√∂‰µà√–¥—∫§«“¡ Ÿß¢÷πÈ ‰ª ‡√◊ÕË ¬Ê À≈“¬§π¿“«π“ ‡¡◊ÕË ‰À√à®–∂÷߇ ’¬∑’...... ‡¡◊ÕË ∂÷ß√–¥—∫ Àπ÷ßË ¡à“πÀ¡Õ°‡ªî¥ÕÕ° ¿“æ∑’ÕË ¬Ÿµà √ßÀπâ“™à“ß¡À—»®√√¬å ¬‘ßË π—° π—°∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «‡°‘¥√Õ¬¬‘¡È ∑’¡Ë ¡ÿ ª“° ∫“ß§π¬°°≈âÕß ∂à“¬√Ÿª¢÷Èπ¡“≈—Ëπ™—µ‡µÕ√å À≈“¬§π∂ÕπÀ“¬„®‡Œ◊Õ°„À≠à §π¢—∫√∂∂Õπ‡∑â“ÕÕ°®“°§—π‡√àߥ⫬§«“¡ÕàÕπ≈â“ ª≈àÕ„Àâ√∂§àÕ¬Ê ‰À≈‰ªµ“¡∑“߬“« ..........‰¡à¡‡’ π‘π„À≵àÕ°’ ·≈â« ‰¡à¡¿’ ‡Ÿ ¢“„Àâ¢π÷È Õ’°·≈â« ¿“æ‡∫◊ÕÈ ßÀπâ“¡’·µà惰…“ ’‡À≈◊Õß ¥„ ª°§≈ÿ¡‰ª∑—«Ë ∫√‘‡«≥ ∂÷ß·≈â« ç∑ÿàß∫—«µÕß ¥Õ¬·¡àÕŸ§Õé ·Ààß®—ßÀ«—¥ ·¡àŒÕà ß Õπ „π·µà≈–ªï‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π™à«ßƒ¥ŸÀπ“« (ƒ¥Ÿº≈‘¥Õ°¢Õß ¥Õ°∫—«µÕß) ®–¡’π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«®”π«π¡“°¢÷Èπ‰ª —¡º—

Sranon Nontawong*

Bua Tong flowers bloom in November and December, during which period the entire mountain becomes predominantly yellow - an incredibly marvelous view. In addition to the beautiful Bua Tong flowers, the glorious sunset is another spectacle that impresses all visitors. The tranquil atmosphere, made particularly peaceful by the sparkling stars at night and the misty sea in the early morning, is not to be missed.

Any visitor wil find it easy to get a genuine feeling of the real life of the mountain people in this enchanting mountain community.

Driving along a meandering road to Bua - Tong field, a journey made particularly perilous by over 1864 sharp curves that had to be skil fully navigated, we were fil ed - at one and the same time - with awe at the natural beauty of the hil s that were gradually being veiled by the thickening fog, and with desperate hopes that the journey wil soon be over. We were moving at a slow pace and our vehicle's engine kept wailing every now and then. The smell of much deployed brakes became more and more distinct. As we descended downhil , some members in our group showed signs of fatigue, a few felt dizzy because of the zigzag drained of energy. Some stretched out to relax. Everybody was silent, fully aware of our beautiful surroundings but remaining focused on the road ahead - one side of which was a cliff, the other side a deep gorge. However, we could not see over a long distance because of the heavy fog.

We sat quietly and prayed that the driver would be able to get us through this

*‡®â“Àπâ“∑’«Ë ‡‘ §√“–À傧√ß°“√ ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ *Project Analysis Staff, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

§«“¡ß“¡¢Õß惰…“∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈–§«“¡À𓫇¬Áπ¢Õß Õ“°“»Õ—π∫√‘ ∑ÿ ∏‘∫Ï π¬Õ¥¥Õ¬ ∑”„Àâ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’‡Ë §‡ß’¬∫ ß∫ «‘∂™’ «’ µ‘ ∑’‡Ë √’¬∫ßà“¬¢Õß™ÿ¡™π™“«‰∑¬¿Ÿ‡¢“ª√“»®“° ºŸ¡â “‡¬◊Õππ—∫·√¡ªï °≈—∫Õ÷°∑÷°§√÷°‚§√¡¢÷πÈ ¡“Õ’°§√—ßÈ ¥—ßπ—πÈ π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡æ’¬ßºŸâ¡“‡¬◊Õπ™—Ë«§√“«§«√¡’®‘µ„® Õπÿ√°— …å ‡æ◊ÕË §ß‰«â´ßË÷ §«“¡ «¬ß“¡µ√“∫™—«Ë ≈Ÿ°™—«Ë À≈“π ·π«∑“ß°“√Õπÿ√°— …å·≈–¢âÕ§«√ªØ‘∫µ— ¢‘ Õßπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « ¡’¥ß— π’È ■

‡ âπ∑“ß„π‡¢µæ◊πÈ ∑’∑Ë ßÿà ∫—«µÕßπ—πÈ ‡ªìπ‡π‘π‡¢“ ≈—∫´—∫´âÕπ ∑“ß·§∫·≈–§¥‡§’¬È « ¥—ßπ—πÈ §«√¢—∫¢’¬Ë “πæ“Àπ–¥â«¬§«“¡ √–¡—¥√–«—ß ªØ‘∫µ— µ‘ “¡°ÆÀ√◊Õ‡§√◊ÕË ßÀ¡“¬®√“®√∑’°Ë ”Àπ¥ Õ¬à“߇§√àߧ√—¥ ·≈–Àâ“¡®Õ¥„π≈—°…≥–°’¥¢«“ß∑“ß®√“®√ À√◊Õ®Õ¥∑‘ßÈ ‰«âµ“¡‰À≈à‡¢“‡¥Á¥¢“¥ ‡æ√“–®–¡’π°— ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « ‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°∑’ˉ¥â√—∫§«“¡‡¥◊Õ¥√âÕπ®“°°“√®Õ¥√∂¢Õß ∑à“π Õ’°∑—ßÈ ‰¡à§«√π”√∂∑’¡Ë ‡’ ’¬ß¥—ß §«—π¥”º‘¥ª°µ‘À√◊Õ·µàß ‡§√◊ÕË ß‡ ’¬ß‡¢â“‰ªµ—ßÈ ·§â¡ªá„π‡¢µ«πÕÿ∑¬“πœ ‡æ√“–®–‡ªìπ °“√√∫°«π∏√√¡™“µ‘ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–√∫°«ππ—°∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « ∑’¡Ë “· «ßÀ“∏√√¡™“µ‘ ■ ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡§”·π–π”¢Õ߇®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë«πÕÿ∑¬“πœ Õ¬à“ß ‡§√àߧ√—¥ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–®ÿ¥°“߇µÁπ∑åÀâ“¡ÕÕ°πÕ°‡¢µ∑’Ë °”À𥂥¬‡¥Á¥¢“¥ ‡æ√“–Õ“®‡°‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬‰¥â ·≈–‰¡à à߇ ’¬ßÕ÷°∑÷°§√÷°‚§√¡ ‡ªî¥‡§√◊ÕË ß‡ ’¬ß À√◊Õ‡≈àπ¥πµ√’ „À⇪ìπ∑’√Ë ∫°«ππ—°∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «§πÕ◊πË Ê

challenging journey safely. As we drove uphil , our prayers became desperate pleas that we wil make it to our destination soon enough. Finally, we reached a spot where the fog began to clear up. The beauty of the scenery before us was beyond words. Smiles appeared on our faces. Many pressed their camera shutters. Some breathed sighs of relief. The driver slowly released his foot from the accelerator and sighed, demonstrating simultaneous feelings of extreme physical tiredness and relief. He drove on, this time slowly. No more roads uphil , no more mountains to climb. Our eyes feasted on the aesthetically beautiful yellow flowers that grew in abundance in the area. Indeed we had arrived. Here we were at çTung Bua Tong at U Kor Mountain,é one of the most famous destinations in Mae Hong Son province.

Each year especial y during winter (blooming season of Bua Tong flowers), large number of tourists visit Tung Bua Tong to appreciate the natural beauty of the plant and the cool air at the top of the mountain. This results has interrupted the original peaceful atmosphere and hil tribeû way of life. Therefore the visitors who temporally visit the area should have conservation moral to sustain the beauty for the next generations. ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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¡¥ÿ≈·≈–À≈“°À≈“¬ Balance and Diverse

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„π°“√™¡§«“¡ß“¡π—πÈ ∑“ß«πÕÿ∑¬“πœ ‰¥â®¥— æ◊πÈ ∑’·Ë ≈– ‡ âπ∑“ß„π°“√‡¢â“™¡‰«â„Àâ·≈â« π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«®÷߉¡à§«√ ∫ÿ°‡∫‘°‡ âπ∑“ß„À¡à À√◊Õ°√–∑”°“√„¥Ê ∑’‡Ë ªìπ°“√∑”≈“∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·¡â°√–∑—Ëß°“√‡¥Á¥¥Õ°‰¡â‡æ’¬ß¥Õ° ‡¥’¬« °ÁÕ“®∑”„Àâ√–∫∫𑇫»„π∫√‘‡«≥π—πÈ ‡ª≈’¬Ë π‰ª‰¥â ■ ∑ÿßà ∫—«µÕ߇ªì𧫓¡ß“¡∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷π È ‡Õßµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈– ¡’æ◊Èπ∑’Ë°«â“ß„À≠à ∫“ߧ√—È߇®â“Àπâ“∑’ËÕ“®¥Ÿ·≈‰¡à∑—Ë«∂÷ß π—°∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «µâÕߙ૬°—π¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“„Àâ§ßÕ¬Ÿ à ∫◊ ‰ª ·≈–™à«°—π‡ªìπÀŸ‡ªìπµ“ Õ¥ àÕߥŸ·≈惵‘°√√¡¢Õßπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ¥â«¬°—π À“°¡’Õ–‰√º‘¥ª°µ‘ ‚ª√¥·®â߇®â“Àπâ“∑’«Ë πÕÿ∑¬“πœ ■ °“√≈— ° ≈Õ∫‡°Á ∫ ‡¡≈Á ¥ æ— π ∏ÿå ° ≈— ∫ ‰ª‡æ“–‡≈’È ¬ ß∑’Ë ∫â “ π πÕ°®“°®–‡ªìπ°“√∑”≈“¬√–∫∫𑇫»„π∫√‘‡«≥∑ÿßà ∫—«µÕß ·≈â« ¬—߇ªìπ°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß√–∫∫𑇫»„πæ◊πÈ ∑’∑Ë π’Ë ”‰ªª≈Ÿ° „À⺑¥∏√√¡™“µ‘ °“√π”‰¡â‡©æ“–æ—π∏ÿ剪ª≈Ÿ°„À¡à„πÕ’°∑’Ë Àπ÷ßË ‚¥¬‰¡à¡°’ “√§«∫§ÿ¡ Õ“®°àÕ„À⇰‘¥º≈°√–∑∫µ“¡¡“ ■ À“°π—°∑àÕ߇∑’Ë «π”¢¬– À√◊Õ«— ¥ÿÕªÿ °√≥åÕπ◊Ë „¥∑’°Ë Õà „Àâ ‡°‘¥¢¬– ¢÷πÈ ¡“∫π«πÕÿ∑¬“πœ ª√‘¡“≥‡∑à“‰À√à °Á§«√‡°Á∫≈ß ‰ª∑‘ßÈ „ÀâÀ¡¥ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–¢«¥·°â« ∂ÿßæ≈“ µ‘° ‰¡à§«√∑‘ßÈ ‡À≈◊Õ‰«â„π‡¢µ«πÕÿ∑¬“πœ ·¡â«“à ®–¡’∂ß— ¢¬–√Õß√—∫ ·µà°‰Á ¡à ‡æ’¬ßæÕ°—∫ª√‘¡“≥¢Õßπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ·≈–‡ªìπ¿“√–·°à ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’«Ë πÕÿ∑¬“πœ „π°“√‡°Á∫¢π ∑—ßÈ π’‰È ¡à§«√°àÕ‰ø‡º“ ¥â«¬µ—«‡Õß„π‡¢µ«πÕÿ∑¬“πœ ‡æ√“–πÕ°®“°®–°àÕ„Àâ ‡°‘¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ßÕ“°“»·≈â« ¬—ßÕ“®°àÕ„À⇰‘¥‰øªÉ“‰¥â ■ ªí®®ÿ∫π — ÀâÕßπÈ” “∏“√≥–¬—ß¡’‰¡à¡“°·≈–¬—߉¡à‡æ’¬ßæÕ Õ’°∑—Èߪ√‘¡“≥πÈ” ”√Õ߬—ß¡’πâÕ¬ π—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«§«√„™âπÈ” Õ¬à“ߪ√–À¬—¥ ¡’π°— ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë «∫“ß°≈ÿ¡à ™Õ∫‰ª¢Õ„™âπ”È °—∫ ™“«∫â“π„π™ÿ¡™π √â“π§â“ ‚√߇√’¬π À√◊Õ ∂“π’Õπ“¡—¬„π æ◊Èπ∑’Ë ‚ª√¥√—∫√Ÿâ‰«â«à“ πÈ” ”À√—∫™“«∫â“πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë Ÿß¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠¡“° ·≈–‰¡à‰¥â¡„’ ™â‡À≈◊Õ‡øóÕ‡À¡◊Õπ°√ÿ߇∑æœ À“° ™“«∫â “ π¡’ πÈ” „®„Àâ „ ™â ∑à “ π§«√„™â Õ ¬à “ ߪ√–À¬— ¥ ·≈– µÕ∫·∑π‡¢“∫â“ß ‡æ◊ËÕ¡‘µ√¿“æÕ—π¥’ß“¡¢Õßπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« ·≈–™ÿ¡™π„πæ◊πÈ ∑’Ë

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

TIPS ■

Bua Tong flowers are in full bloom during November - December.

■ The roads in the Tung Bua Tong area are meandering and narrow.

■ Scenic spots are found in the Forest Park.

■ Mountain scenery is beautiful and is sometimes covered by thick fog.

■ Anywhere one looks, there are Bua Tong flowers to see.

■ Beautiful sceneries.

Incredibly beautiful sunset.

■ Large and small flowers bloom to greet tourists.

■ Rows of tall Bua Tong flowers along the road give the impression of a yellow wall.

Guidelines and Rules for Tourists ■

The roads in Tung Bua Tong area are hil y, narrow and meandering. Drive carefully and follow traffic rules strictly. Do not park on the hil side and obstruct other people. Do not drive noisily and do not use heavily polluted cars because they irritate the nature and visitors who would like to appreciate nature.

■ Follow the advice of officers strictly, especial y concerning camping spots. Do not camp outside designated areas and refrained from making any kind of noise, including loud entertainment that can disturb others.

■ The Forest Park has designated areas for walking to better appreciate nature. Do not walk in prohibited areas and do not harm nature in any way, including picking flowers, as this can adversely affect the natural environment.

■ Tung Bua Tong is an extensive area of natural beauty and the authorities cannot always provide the care and attention needed. All tourists are therefore encouraged to help in conserving the areaûs natural beauty and to refrain from inappropriate conduct. In case of accidents, visitors are encouraged to inform the officers as soon as possible.

■ Il egal collecting of plants seed for culturing at home destroys and alters the field's ecosystem. Planting in other areas may have consequent impacts.

■ The visitors should take back with them all trash generated by them during the visit to the park, especial y glass bottles and plastic bags. Trash cans prepared by the park are not in sufficient number and collecting trash has become a burden for park authurities. Burning trashes is not allowed in the park as it causes air pollution and may start forest fire.

■ At present public toilets and reserved water are not sufficient. Tourists should save water. Some groups of tourist ask the inhabitants, shops, schools and health centers for water. Please be aware that water is very important for the locals and are not readily available ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ 23 Thailandûs Nature and Environment

¡¥ÿ≈·≈–À≈“°À≈“¬ Balance and Diverse

∑ÿßà ∫—«µÕß ¥Õ¬·¡àÕ§Ÿ Õ

in large quantities as it does in Bangkok. If the locals are generous with their water, the visitor should, then, ¡’æπ◊È ∑’ªË √–¡“≥ 1 æ—π‰√à µ—ßÈ Õ¬ŸÀà ¡Ÿ∑à ’Ë 6 µ”∫≈·¡àÕ§Ÿ Õ in return, save water and water-saving should be grately Õ”‡¿Õ¢ÿπ¬«¡ ®—ßÀ«—¥·¡àŒàÕß Õπ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß for the graceful friendship between them and the ç«πÕÿ∑¬“π∑ÿàß∫—«µÕßé Õ¬Ÿà„π‡¢µªÉ“ ß«π·Ààß™“µ‘ªÉ“·¡à members of the local community.

¿“æ∑—«Ë ‰ª

ÿ√π‘ ∑√å ¡’æπ◊È ∑’√Ë «¡ª√–¡“≥ 4,437 ‰√à Õ¬Ÿ„à 𧫓¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ ¢Õß炧√ß°“√æ—≤π“ªÉ“‰¡â∑ Ë’ ߟ Àπ૬∑’Ë 5 à«πÕπÿ√°— …å Bua - Tong Field µâππÈ”é °√¡ªÉ“‰¡â ª√–°“»‡ªìπ«πÕÿ∑¬“π‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 21 General Description Tung Bua Tong (tung means field) in U Kor Mountain °√°Æ“§¡ æ.». 2542 ≈—°…≥–¿Ÿ¡ª‘ √–‡∑»-¿Ÿ¡Õ‘ “°“»

µ—ßÈ Õ¬Ÿ∫à π¿Ÿ‡¢“ Ÿß®“°√–¥—∫πÈ”∑–‡≈ª“π°≈“ߪ√–¡“≥ 1,600 ‡¡µ√ ¡’∑«‘ ∑—»πå «¬ß“¡¡Õ߇ÀÁπ¿Ÿ‡¢“ ≈—∫´—∫´âÕπ §≈⓬§≈◊πË „π∑–‡≈ „π∫√‘‡«≥æ◊πÈ ∑’¢Ë Õß«πÕÿ∑¬“πœ ®–¡’ª“É ∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈–ªÉ“ πª≈Ÿ°¢÷πÈ ≈—∫°—π ¡’Õ“°“»‡¬Áπµ≈Õ¥ªï ‡ªìπ∑’Ë™◊Ëπ™Õ∫¢Õßπ—°∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«∑’Ë· «ßÀ“§«“¡ ¥™◊Ëπ®“° ∏√√¡™“µ‘ ƒ¥ŸÀπ“«Õ“°“»Àπ“«¡“° µÕπ‡™â“®–¡’À¡Õ° ∑÷∫ µÕπ°≈“ß«—πÕ“°“»‡¬Áπ ‡æ√“–¡’≈¡æ—¥µ≈Õ¥«—π æ—π∏ÿ‰å ¡â·≈– —µ«åª“É

ªÉ“¥‘∫‡¢“·≈–ªÉ“ π‡¢“ ªÉ“¥‘∫‡¢“ à«π„À≠à®–æ∫ ∫√‘‡«≥¥â“π∑‘»‡Àπ◊Õ ·≈–∑‘»µ–«—πµ°¢Õß∑ÿàß∫—«µÕß ∫√‘‡«≥≈“¥‡¢“·≈–Àÿ∫‡¢“¡’æπ— ∏ÿ‰å ¡â∑æË’ ∫ ‰¥â·°à °àÕ‡¥◊Õ°àÕ·ªÑπ °àÕπ° ‡ªìπµâπ ªÉ“ π‡¢“®–æ∫∫√‘‡«≥¥â“π∑‘» µ–«—πÕÕ°·≈–∑‘»„µâ¢Õß∑ÿàß∫—«µÕß ‡ªìπªÉ“∑’˪≈Ÿ°¢÷Èπ„À¡à ‚¥¬ Õߧ尓√Õÿµ “À°√√¡ªÉ“‰¡â µ“¡‡ß◊ÕË π‰¢ —¡ª∑“πªÉ“‰¡â æ—π∏ÿ‰å ¡â∑æ’Ë ∫ ‰¥â·°à π Õß„∫ ·≈– π “¡„∫ —µ«åª“É ∑’æË ∫ ‰¥â·°à ‰°àª“É ≈‘ß §à“ß ∫à“ß ™–π’ Õ’‡ÀÁπ ™–¡¥ ‡¡àπ µ–°«¥ °√–√Õ° °√–·µ °√–µà“¬ªÉ“ æ—ßæÕπ µÿπà ÀπŸ Õâπ ߟ ·≈–π°™π‘¥µà“ßÊ

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

covers an area of 1000 rai. Located in Moo 6, Mae U Kor sub - district, Khun Yuam district, Mae Hong Son province, it is situated in Mae Surin National Reserved Forest, which covers around 4,437 rai and is under the responsibility of the Highland Forest Development Project Unit 5, Watershed Management Division. The Royal Forest Department declared this as a forest park on 21 July 1999.

Geography and Climate The topography and climate here, it should be said that the area is about 1,600 meters above sea level.

The mountain scenery and the views of the sea are marvelous. The area features a natural forest and a planted pine forest. The weather is cold all year round, making the area a popular destination for tourists who seek fresh air and are nature lovers. The winter gets very cold and the days are characterized by thick morning fogs and cold breezes all throughout the day.

∑’¡Ë “ ■ http://www.panmai.com/ Pvflower/fl_20.htm.

(20 ‡¡…“¬π 2549).

■ http://www.ezytrip.com/ travelsearch/district_attract2 .php?chk=779.

(20 ‡¡…“¬π 2549).

■ http://www.dnp.go.th/ parkreserve/asp/style2/ default.asp?npid=172&lg=1.

(20 ‡¡…“¬π 549).

■ http://www.dnp.go.th/ parkreserve/asp/style2/ accommodation.asp.

(20 ‡¡…“¬π 2549).

■ 108 æ√√≥‰¡â‰∑¬, 2549 Sources ■ http://www.panmai.com/ Pvflower/fl_20.htm.

(20 April 2006).

■ http://www.ezytrip.com/ travelsearch/district_attract2 .php?chk=779.

(20 April 2006).

■ http://www.dnp.go.th/ parkreserve/asp/style2/ default.asp?npid=172&lg=1.

(20 April 2006).

■ http://www.dnp.go.th/ parkreserve/asp/style2/ accommodation.asp.

(20 April 2006).

■ 108 Thai Plants, 2006.

Plant and Animals There are two types of forests here: hil evergreen forest and pine forest. Most of the hil evergreen forests are found on the north and west of Tung Bua Tong. The floral species found are Castanopsis acuminatissiam Rehd., Castanopsis indica A.Dc., and Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. etc. The pine forest is found on the east and south, planted by the Forest Industry Organization as part of the concession requirement. The floral species found are Pinus merkusii and Pinus kesiya. The animal species found are wild chickens, monkeys, lemurs, squirrels, gibbons and the Malayan sun bear, rats, wild rabbits, snakes, and many kinds of birds.

Bua Tong... Scientific Information The Bua Tong flower (Mexican sunflower weed or Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray) belong to the same Compositae family as the Sunflower and Marigold. Looking similar to the sunflower, it is sometimes called çWild Sunfloweré. However, close observation wil reveal that the core in the middle of the sunflower is big and has countless tiny petals. On the other hand, the Bua Tong flower has a tiny core with few long, slim petals. The Bua Tong is a foreign specie of Mexican origin. Its blossoming period is between November December, for two full weeks, then it starts to wither like other plants.

Contact Tung Bua Tong Forest Park, Mae U Kor sub-district, Khun Yua m district, Mae Hong Son province 58140. Phone: 05361 2996. Fax: 05361 2996.

Accommodation Tung Bua Tong does not offer accommodation for tourists. Those who wish to stay over can bring their own tents but they must official permission to set these up.

In addition, mountain vil agers offer home - stay facilities for tourists who desire to learn more about the way of life of the local people, with local guides showing them around.

Getting There This kind of travel is suitable for those who have private cars and who like adventures because the road is challenging and hil y. There are two options. One is to get on national highway 108 and on reaching the 201st kilometer, turn to national highway 1263, drive on for around 12 kms. and turn to Banna Ngew - Ban Hua Ha road and drive for 14 kms. The other option is to set out from Mae Cham district in Chiang Mai province, drive along national highway 1263 (Mae Cham - Khum Yuam) and turn to Ban Na Ngew - Ban Hua Ha road and drive for 76 kms. and go on for 14 kms. in another turn. ■

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™◊ÕË «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å¢Õߥհ∫—«µÕß §◊Õ Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley.) A. Gray ·≈–™◊ÕË “¡—≠ §◊Õ Mexican Sunflower Weed ¥Õ°∫—«µÕ߇ªìπæ◊™„π«ß Compositae ‡ªìπ«—™æ◊™«ß»å ‡¥’¬«°—∫∑“πµ–«—𠥓«‡√◊Õß ·≈–µâπ “∫‡ ◊Õ ¥â«¬≈—°…≥– ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫¥Õ°∑“πµ–«—π ∫“ߧ√—ÈߺŸâ§π¡—°®–‡√’¬°«à“ ∑“πµ–«—πªÉ“ ·µàÀ“°æ‘®“√≥“Õ¬à“ß„°≈♥‘ ®–æ∫«à“ °√–‡ª“– µ√ß°≈“ߢÕߥհ∑“πµ–«—ππ—πÈ ®–¡’¢π“¥„À≠à à«π°≈’∫ ¥Õ°∑’≈Ë Õâ ¡√Õ∫¡’¢π“¥ —πÈ ·≈–®”π«π¡“° à«π¥Õ°∫—«µÕß ®–¡’°√–‡ª“–µ√ß°≈“߇≈Á° ·≈–¡’°≈’∫¥Õ°¬“«·≈–¡’ ®”π«ππâÕ¥Õ°∫—«µÕ߇ªìπæ—π∏ÿ剡âµà“ߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’ ∂‘Ë𰔇π‘¥∑’ˇ¡Á°´‘‚° Õ‡¡√‘°“°≈“ß ¥Õ°∫—«µÕßÕÕ°¥Õ° ∫“π –æ√—ßË „π™à«ß惻®‘°“¬π - ∏—𫓧¡ ®–¡’™«à ßÕÕ°¥Õ° ‡µÁ¡∑’˪√–¡“≥ 2 —ª¥“Àå ®“°π—Èπ®–‡√‘Ë¡√à«ß‚√¬‰ª ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫«—™æ◊™Õ◊πË Ê ∫â“πæ—°-∫√‘°“√

‰¡à¡∫’ “â πæ—°∫√‘°“√·°àπ°— ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « À“°¡’§«“¡ª√– ß§å ®–‰ªæ—°·√¡‡æ◊ÕË æ—°ºàÕπÀ¬àÕπ„® ‚ª√¥π”‡µÁπ∑剪‡Õß ·≈â« µ‘¥µàÕ¢ÕÕπÿ≠“µ„™â ∂“π∑’°Ë ∫— ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’«Ë πÕÿ∑¬“π∑ÿßà ∫—«µÕß ‚¥¬µ√ß πÕ°®“°π’¬È ß— ‰¥â‡ªî¥À¡Ÿ∫à “â π™“«‰∑¬¿Ÿ‡¢“∑’µË ßÈ— Õ¬Ÿà √Õ∫Ê ∑ÿßà ∫—«µÕß ‡ªìπÀ¡Ÿ∫à “â π‚Œ¡ ‡µ¬å √Õß√—∫π—°∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « ∑’˵âÕß°“√ —¡º— °—∫∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈–«‘∂’™’«‘µ¢Õߧπ„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ‚¥¬¡’¡§— §ÿ‡∑»°åπÕâ ¬´÷ßË ‡ªìπ™“«‰∑¬¿Ÿ‡¢“„πÀ¡Ÿ∫à “â π‡ªìπºŸπâ ” ‡∑’¬Ë « ∂“π∑’µË “à ßÊ («πÕÿ∑¬“π∑ÿßà ∫—«µÕß, 2549) °“√‡¥‘π∑“ß

‡À¡“– ”À√—∫ºŸ∑â ™’Ë π◊Ë ™Õ∫°“√‡¥‘π∑“ߥ⫬√∂ à«πµ—« ·≈– ™◊πË ™Õ∫°“√º®≠¿—¬ ‡ªìπ‡ âπ∑“ß∑’·Ë «¥≈âÕ¡¥â«¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ ª√–°Õ∫°—∫¢÷πÈ ‡π‘π™—π ŸßµË” ≈—∫°—πµ≈Õ¥‡ âπ∑“ß ¡’¥«â ¬°—π Õ߇ âπ∑“ß ‰¥â·°à ‡ âπ∑“ß∑’Ë 1 ‰ªµ“¡∑“ßÀ≈«ß·ºàπ¥‘π À¡“¬‡≈¢ 108 µ√ßÀ≈—°°‘‚≈‡¡µ√∑’Ë 201 ·¬°‡¢â“∑“ßÀ≈«ß À¡“¬‡≈¢ 1263 ‰ªª√–¡“≥ 12 °‘‚≈‡¡µ√ ·≈â«·¬°‡¢â“∑“ß “¬∫â“ππ“ß‘«È -∫â“πÀ—«Œ– ‰ªÕ’° 14 °‘‚≈‡¡µ√ ‡ âπ∑“ß∑’Ë 2 ‡√‘Ë¡®“°Õ”‡¿Õ·¡à·®à¡ ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à µ“¡∑“ßÀ≈«ß À¡“¬‡≈¢ 1263 (·¡à·®à¡-¢ÿπ¬«¡) ∂÷ß∑“ß·¬°‡¢â“∫â“ππ“ß‘«È - ∫â“πÀ—«Œ– √–¬–∑“ß 76 °‘‚≈‡¡µ√ ·≈â«·¬°‡¢â“‰ªÕ’° 14 °‘‚≈‡¡µ√ («πÕÿ∑¬“π∑ÿßà ∫—«µÕß, 2549) ■

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–¡≈æ‘… Enviroment and Pollution

¥√. π«√—µπå ‰°√æ“ππ∑å* ¿—∑√‘π∑√å · ß„Àâ ¢ÿ **

º≈°√–∑∫®“°‡Àµÿ°“√≥å πÈ”¡—π√—«Ë ‰À≈„π∑–‡≈ ∫√‘‡«≥∑à“‡∑’¬∫‡√◊Õ·À≈¡©∫—ß ®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’

Impacts of OinilLaemSpChabang ill Port, Chonburi Province

Dr. Nawarat Krairapanond* Pattarin Sanghaisuk** ∫∑π” ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 20 惻®‘°“¬π æ.». 2548 ‡√◊Õ∫√√∑ÿ°πÈ”¡—𠥑∫¢π“¥ 149,362 µ—π°√Õ —≠™“µ‘≠ª’Ë πÿÉ ™◊ÕË ç‡√’¬«‚Œ¡“√ÿ ‚µ‡°’¬« (Ryuho Maru Tokyo)é ‰¥â‡°‘¥Õÿ∫µ— ‡‘ ÀµÿπÈ”¡—π¥‘∫ ‡¡Õ√å∫≈‘ ·≈–πÈ”¡—π¥‘∫‚Õ¡“π√—«Ë ‰À≈®”π«π 20,000 ≈‘µ√ ·≈–·æ√à°√–®“¬ÕÕ°‡ªìπ«ß°«â“ß√—»¡’ª√–¡“≥ 3 °‘‚≈‡¡µ√ ¢≥–®Õ¥∂à“¬πÈ”¡—π„Àâ°—∫§≈—ßπÈ”¡—π∫πΩíòߢÕß∫√‘…—∑ ‰∑¬ÕÕ¬≈å ®”°—¥ (¡À“™π) ∫√‘‡«≥„°≈â°∫— ∑à“‡∑’¬∫‡√◊Õ ·À≈¡©∫—ß µ”∫≈∑ÿßà »ÿ¢≈“ Õ”‡¿Õ»√’√“™“ ®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√’ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°§≈◊Ëπ≈¡·√ß∑”„Àâ∑àÕ√—∫πÈ”¡—π¢π“¥ 20 π‘È« ∑’Ë ‡ ™◊Ë Õ ¡µà Õ √–À«à “ ßµ— « ∑ÿà π ºŸ ° ®Õ¥‡√◊ Õ ·≈–∑à Õ à ß πÈ” ¡— π „µâ∑–‡≈°—∫∑àÕ√—∫ àßπÈ”¡—π∫π‡√◊Õ·µ°ÕÕ° §√“∫πÈ”¡—π

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

* π—°«‘™“°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ 8« ”π—°ß“π π‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Environmental Official Level 8, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning ** π—°«‘™“°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ 7« ”π—°ß“π π‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Environmental Official Level 7, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

Introduction On 20 November 2005, 20,000 liters of Mobile and Oman crude oil accidentally leaked from a Japanese-registered oil tanker, çRyuho Maru Tokyoé, into the sea. The tanker, with a gross weight of 149,362 tons, was anchored and delivery oil to the Thai Oil Public Company Limited refinery on the coast adjacent to Laem Chabang Port, Tung Sukla sub - district, Si Racha district in Chonburi province, when strong waves broke the 20-inch pipeline connecting the underwater pipeline from the refinery buoy and the tanker pipe. Crude oil was widely

®÷ ß · æ √à ° √–®“¬‰ªªπ‡ªóô Õ ππÈ” ∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬À“¥ ¥â“π∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ° µ–«—πµ° ·≈–∑‘»‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߇°“– §â“ߧ“« ´÷ßË ∂÷ß·¡â®–¡’º≈°√–∑∫·≈–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡ ’¬À“µàÕ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘· ≈– ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈– ™“¬Ωíò߉¡à¡“°π—° ·µà°Á¡’∑√—欓°√ —µ«åπÈ”·≈–√–∫∫𑇫» ™“¬Ωíòß∫“ß à«π®–µâÕ߉¥â√—∫°“√øóôπøŸ·≈–µ‘¥µ“¡‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß º≈°√–∑∫ – ¡®“°°“√ªπ‡ªóÕô π¢Õߧ√“∫πÈ”¡—πµàÕ‰ªÕ’° √–¬–Àπ÷ßË ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡„π∞“π–°√√¡°“√„π ç§≥–°√√¡°“√ªÑÕß°—π ·≈–¢®—¥¡≈æ‘…∑“ßπÈ”‡π◊ÕË ß®“°πÈ”¡—π (°ªπ.)é ´÷ßË ‰¥â®¥— ∑” ·≈–‡ÀÁ π ™Õ∫ ç·ºπªÑ Õ ß°— π ·≈–¢®— ¥ ¡≈æ‘ … ∑“ßπÈ” ‡π◊ËÕß®“°πÈ”¡—π·Ààß™“µ‘é ·≈â« ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 6 ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.». 2545 ‰¥â√∫— ¡Õ∫À¡“¬¿“¬„µâ·ºπ¥—ß°≈à“«„π°“√„Àâ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ∂“π¿“æ∑√—欓°√∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈–°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå æ◊πÈ ∑’™Ë “¬Ωíßò ª√–‡¡‘π¡Ÿ≈§à“§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬¢Õß·À≈àß∑√—欓°√

§√“∫πÈ”¡—π‡¡◊ÕË ‡§≈◊ÕË πµ—«‡¢â“ Ÿ™à “¬Ωíßò Oil spill moves ashore

∏√√¡™“µ‘ √«¡∑—Èß®—¥∑”·ºπ°“√øóôπøŸ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈– °“√µ‘¥µ“¡ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ ”π—°ß“πœ ®÷߉¥â¢Õ§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ ¥√.∏√√¡»—°¥‘Ï ¬’¡‘π °≈ÿà¡«‘®—¬§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß ™’«¿“æ„π∑–‡≈ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈– ∂“∫—π«‘®¬— æ—≤π“ ¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ √“¡§”·Àß ∑”°“√ ”√«® ∂“π¿“æ ª√–‡¡‘ π ¡Ÿ ≈ §à “ §«“¡‡ ’ ¬ À“¬·≈–®— ¥ ∑”√à “ ß·ºπøóô π øŸ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’ˉ¥â√∫— º≈°√–∑∫®“° πÈ”¡—π√—«Ë ‰À≈ ‡æ◊ÕË ”π—°ß“πœ ®—°‰¥âª√– “π§≥–°√√¡°“√ °ªπ. ·≈–Àπ૬ߓπ∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕߥ”‡π‘π°“√µàÕ‰ª

dispersed, for three kilometers in radias. The oil spil contaminated seawater and flowed to the shore on the east, west and north of Khang Khao Island (Figure 1).

Although the impact assessment showed less serious damage on marine and coastal resources and the environment, there remains a critical need for rehabilitation, surveil ance and monitoring of the long-term impacts and the accumulation of oil in some species of marine life and the coastal ecosystem.

In order to directly deal with oil spil issues, the National Oil Spil Response Plan was developed and approved by the Committee on the Protection and Combating of Oil Pollution on 6 August 2002. As stated in the National Plan, the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), as a member of the Committee, has responsibility for providing information on marine resources and use of coastal areas, appraisal of environmental damage of natural resources, as well as development and implementation of an environmental restoration plan. Thus ONEP, in cooperation with Dr. Thammasak Yeemin, Marine Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamheng University, assessed the current status of the oil spil , appraised the damage and developed a draft restoration plan for natural resource and the environment that were affected by the oil spil . The ONEP wil further cooperate with the Committee on Protection and Combating of Oil Pollution and other involved agencies in the implementation of the plan.

Surveys and Impact Assessment Oil spil s into the sea and the prolonged presence of oil on seawater surface, without any efficient and sound scientific management, can significantly affect marine and coastal resources, environment and ecosystems, resulting in socio-economic drawbacks at the community and national levels.

The dispersal of oil on seawater surface wil disrupt oxygen transfer between the air and water, causing oxygen deficiency in marine animals. It can also block the openings of air-breathing mangrove roots. While oil coated on animal furs can handicap animal movement, oil that is absorbed into the body wil impair reproduction and growth. The presence of oil films on the surface of sea water prevents the light from penetrating into the water column, affecting the process of photosynthesis in marine flora while also affecting marine fauna. High-density oil spil s that sink to the sea floor wil affect benthic organisms, coral reefs and sea grass beds. Oil washed ashore, especial y in popular tourist beaches (Figure 2), wil reduce the recreational value and hinder coastal activities, such as coastal fisheries, coastal aquaculture and diving.

Surveys to assess the impacts and damages caused by the oil spil to natural resources and the environment were carried out by a team from Ramkhamheng ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–¡≈æ‘… Enviroment and Pollution

°“√ ”√«®·≈–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°√–∑∫ °“√√—«Ë ‰À≈¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π≈ß Ÿ∑à –‡≈·≈–¡’§√“∫πÈ”¡—𵑥§â“ß Õ¬Ÿà‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π ‚¥¬ª√“»®“°°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√∑’Ë¡’ ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡À≈—°«‘™“°“√®– àߺ≈°√–∑∫ µàÕ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–√–∫∫𑇫»∑“ß ∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬ΩíòßÕ¬à“ß¡“° ´÷Ëß®–𔉪 Ÿàªí≠À“∑“ߥâ“𠇻√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡∑—Èß„π√–¥—∫™ÿ¡™π·≈–ª√–‡∑» ∑—Èßπ’È §√“∫πÈ”¡—π∑’Ë·æ√à°√–®“¬∫πº‘«πÈ”∑–‡≈®–¢—¥¢«“ß°“√ ∂à“¬‡∑°ä“´ÕÕ°´‘‡®π√–À«à“ßÕ“°“»·≈–πÈ”∑”„Àâ —µ«åπÈ” ¢“¥ÕÕ°´‘ ‡ ®π·≈–√“°µâ π ‰¡â „ πªÉ “ ™“¬‡≈π‰¡à “¡“√∂ À“¬„®‰¥â §√“∫πÈ”¡—π®–‡§≈◊Õ∫¢π¢Õß —µ«å·≈–∂Ÿ°¥Ÿ¥´÷¡ ‡¢â“‰ª„π√à“ß°“¬·≈–¬—∫¬—ßÈ °“√ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿ·å ≈–°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ §√“∫πÈ”¡—π “¡“√∂ªî¥°—Èπ· ß «à“ß∑’Ë àÕß≈ß Ÿàæ◊Èπ∑âÕßπÈ” ¡’º≈µàÕ¢∫«π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå· ß¢Õßæ◊™·≈– —µ«åπÈ” πÈ”¡—π∑’Ë ¡’§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ Ÿß‡¡◊ÕË ®¡≈ß Ÿæà π◊È ∑âÕßπÈ”¡’º≈µàÕ —µ«åÀπâ“¥‘π ·π«ª–°“√—ß ·≈–·À≈àßÀ≠â“∑–‡≈ §√“∫πÈ”¡—π‡¡◊ÕË ‡§≈◊ÕË π µ—«‡¢â“ Ÿ™à “¬Ωíßò ‚¥¬‡©æ“–∫√‘‡«≥™“¬À“¥∑√“¬∑’‡Ë ªìπ·À≈àß ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « ®–∑”„Àâ§≥ ÿ §à“π—π∑π“°“√≈¥≈ß·≈–Õ“®∑”„Àâ ‡°‘¥§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬µàÕ°‘®°√√¡°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πåæ◊Èπ∑’Ë™“¬Ωíòß µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ °“√ª√–¡ß™“¬Ωíßò °“√‡æ“–‡≈’¬È ß —µ«åπÈ”™“¬Ωíßò ·≈–∏ÿ√°‘®¥”πÈ” ‡ªìπµâπ °“√ ”√«®‡æ◊ÕË ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°√–∑∫·≈–¡Ÿ≈§à“§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¢Õß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ®“°‡Àµÿ°“√≥å πÈ”¡—π√—«Ë ‰À≈‰¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√‚¥¬§≥–∑”ß“π®“°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—√“¡§”·À߇¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 2 ∏—𫓧¡ æ.». 2548 ‚¥¬‰¥âπ”º≈°“√ ”√«® ª√–¡«≈°—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√ ”√«®‡∫◊ÕÈ ßµâπ¢Õß»Ÿπ¬å«®‘ ¬— ∑√—欓°√∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬Ωíßò Õà“«‰∑¬Ωíßò µ–«—πÕÕ° °√¡ ∑√—欓°√∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬Ωíßò ´÷ßË ¥”‡π‘π°“√‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 21 ·≈– 23 惻®‘°“¬π æ.». 2548 æ∫«à“ §«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬ àߺ≈°√–∑∫ µàÕ∑√—欓°√·æ≈ß°åµÕπ —µ«åπÈ”«—¬ÕàÕπª√–‡¿∑≈Ÿ°ª≈“≈Ÿ°°ÿßâ ≈Ÿ°ÀÕ¬ ·≈–‰¢àª≈“ §‘¥‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈§à“§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬„π≈—°…≥– §à“„™â®“à ¬„π°“√øóπô øŸ∑√—欓°√·æ≈ß°åµÕπ —µ«åπÈ”‚¥¬°“√ ´◊ÈÕæ—π∏ÿå —µ«åπÈ”¡“ª≈àÕ¬‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈§à“ Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥∂÷ߪ√–¡“≥ 279,680,027 ∫“∑ √Õß≈ß¡“‰¥â·°à °‘®°√√¡ª√–¡ßæ◊πÈ ∫â“π „π≈—°…≥–°“√∑”‡√◊Õ‰¥À¡÷°·≈–≈Õ∫ªŸ‰¥â√∫— §«“¡‡ ’¬À“‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈§à“ª√–¡“≥ 304,500 ∫“∑ ∏ÿ√°‘®∑’Ë æ—° ·≈–√â “ π Õ“À“√‰¥â√—∫§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¡à¡’π°— ∑àÕ߇∑’¬Ë « ‰ª„™â∫√‘°“√‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈§à“ª√–¡“≥ 16,800 ∫“∑ √–∫∫𑇫» À“¥À‘π ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ·À≈àßÕ“»—¬‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢ÕßÀÕ¬π“ß√¡ ‰¥â √—∫§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬‚¥¬ª√–‡¡‘π®“°®”π«πÀÕ¬π“ß√¡ ∑’ªË 𠇪óÕô π§√“∫πÈ”¡—π ·≈–∑’‰Ë ¡à “¡“√∂≈߇°“–∫πÀ“¥À‘π‡æ◊ÕË ∑¥·∑πª√–™“°√‡¥‘¡∑’‡Ë §¬¡’Õ¬Ÿ‡à π◊ÕË ß®“°æ◊πÈ À‘π∂Ÿ°ªπ‡ªóÕô π ®“°§√“∫πÈ”¡—𧑥‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈§à“ª√–¡“≥ 5,400 ∫“∑ ∑—ßÈ π’È ¡Ÿ≈§à“§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬¢Õß√–∫∫𑇫»À“¥À‘π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥®– Ÿß °«à“π’ȉ¥â¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫«ß®√™’«‘µ¢ÕßÀÕ¬π“ß√¡·≈–√–¬–‡«≈“ °“√ ≈“¬µ—«¢Õߧ√“∫πÈ”¡—π πÕ°®“°π’¬È ß— æ∫«à“‰¡à¡°’ “√

University on 2 December 2005. Data and information gathered were compiled with the results of the preliminary survey done by the Marine and Coastal Resources Research Center for the East Coast of the Gulf of Thailand, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, on 21 and 23 November 2005. It was found that the most serious damage was posed to zooplanktons, including fish, shrimps and shellfish larvae and fish eggs. Damage to zooplanktons, taking into account restoration costs in terms of releasing animal larvae into the sea, was calculated at 279,680,027 Baht. The second largest damage was to fisheries, estimated at 304,500 Baht, taking into consideration damage to squid fishing boats and traps for crabs.

Bungalows and restaurants lost some 16,800 Baht in revenues as tourists to the area dropped. The damage to rocky shore ecosystem and oyster habitats (Figures 3 and 4), estimated at 5,400 Baht, took into account the large number of oil-contaminated oysters and decreased number of oysters settling on oil contaminated rocks. However, the damage to rocky shore ecosystem could be higher than the original calculation, considering the oystersû life cycle and the long period of time that the spil would take to degrade. Unlike other ecosystems, oil was not found in coral reef areas. In terms of petroleum hydrocarbons, cauliflower corals (Pocil opara damicornis) were found to have rather high contents of petroleum hydrocarbons (246 mg/kg). Therefore, a monitoring plan should be set up to monitor the impacts and accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in coral reef areas. However, a natural recovery of the area should be the best solution for rocky and sandy shores, where no living organisms were found dead and there was low incident of oil contamination. Although oil contamination and dead benthic organisms, such as oysters (Planostrea pestigris), Nile top shell (Tectus niloticus) and sponges (Petrosia sp.) were not found, the petroleum hydrocarbon content was higher than that found in the natural environment (7,388, 525 and 430 mg/kg, respectively) Restoration Plan for Natural Resources and Environment

As agencies collaborating in the clean-up had eliminated only 6,000 liters or 30 per cent of the 20,000-liter oil spil , much of the oil was stil left to

1‡π◊ÕË ß®“°„πªí®®ÿ∫π— ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—߉¡à¡°’ “√°”Àπ¥§à“¡“µ√∞“π¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫ªî‚µ√‡≈’¬¡‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ„π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ®÷ßµâÕß∑”°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫º≈°“√ ”√«®§√—ßÈ π’È °—∫ ª√‘¡“≥∑’æË ∫„π·À≈àß∑’¡Ë °’ “√ªπ‡ªóÕô πÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π¢Õßµà“ߪ√–‡∑»

28

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß ■ ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ

∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡. 2549. º≈°√–∑∫ ¡Ÿ≈§à“§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬·≈–·ºπ øóπô øŸ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Õ—π‡π◊ÕË ß¡“®“° °“√√—«Ë ‰À≈¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π ∫√‘‡«≥ Õ”‡¿Õ»√’√“™“ ®—ßÀ«—¥™≈∫ÿ√.’ °√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡. 184 Àπâ“.

■ °Õ߇√◊Õ¿“§∑’Ë 1 °Õß∑—æ ‡√◊Õ·≈–»Ÿπ¬å«®‘ ¬— ∑√—欓°√ ∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬Ωíßò Õà“«‰∑Ωíßò µ–«—πÕÕ° °√¡∑√—欓°√ ∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬Ωíßò π—∫ πÿπ ¿“æª√–°Õ∫

ªπ‡ªóÕô π¢Õߧ√“∫πÈ”¡—π„π·π«ª–°“√—ß ·µàµ√«®æ∫ª√‘¡“≥ ªî‚µ√‡≈’¬¡‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ„πª–°“√—ߥհ°–À≈Ë” (Pocillopara damicornis) ª√‘¡“≥§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß (246 ¡°./°°.) ®÷ߧ«√¡’°“√ µ‘¥µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫º≈°√–∑∫·≈–°“√ – ¡¢Õߪ√‡≈’¬¡ ‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ„π·π«ª–°“√—ßµàÕ‰ª à«π∫√‘‡«≥™“¬À“¥∑’Ë ‡ªìπÀ“¥À‘π·≈–À“¥∑√“¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥§√“∫πÈ”¡—πªπ‡ªóÕô π„π ª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬·≈–‰¡à¡ ’ ß‘Ë ¡’™«’ µ‘ µ“¬ ®÷ß “¡“√∂øóπô µ—«‡Õ߉¥â µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ”À√—∫ —µ«å∑–‡≈Àπâ“¥‘πª√–‡¿∑ÀÕ¬π“ß√¡ (Planostrea pestigris) ÀÕ¬π¡ “« (Tectus niloticus) ·≈–øÕßπÈ” (Petrosia sp.) ‰¡à¡°’ “√ªπ‡ªóÕô π¢Õߧ√“∫πÈ”¡—π‰¡àæ∫√àÕß√Õ°“√µ“¬ ·µàæ∫ª√‘¡“≥ªî‚µ√‡≈’¬¡‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß°«à“ ¿“æ∏√√¡™“µ‘ (7,388 525 ·≈– 430 ¡°./°°.µ“¡≈”¥—∫) 1

¿“æ≈à“ß √–∫∫𑇫»À“¥À‘π ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ·À≈àßÕ“»—¬‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢ÕßÀÕπ“ß√¡‰¥â√∫— §«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬

·ºπøóπô øŸ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”¡—π¥‘∫√—Ë«‰À≈≈ß Ÿà∑–‡≈¡’®”π«π ª√–¡“≥ 20,000 ≈‘µ√ ·µàÀπ૬ߓπ∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕß “¡“√∂√à«¡ °—π¢®—¥§√“∫πÈ”¡—π‰¥â‡æ’¬ß 6,000 ≈‘µ√ À√◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 30 ‡∑à“π—Èπ ª√‘¡“≥§√“∫πÈ”¡—π à«π„À≠à√âÕ¬≈– 70 ¬—ß§ß À≈߇À≈◊Õªπ‡ªóÕô π„π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¥—ßπ—πÈ ®÷ß®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’°“√ ®—¥∑”·ºπøóπô øŸ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–√–∫∫ 𑇫»‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ¡πË— „®‰¥â«“à ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–√–∫∫𑇫»∑’ˉ¥â√—∫º≈°√–∑∫®–‰¥â√—∫°“√øóôπøŸ·≈– µ‘ ¥ µ“¡°“√øóô π µ— « ‡ÕߢÕß∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‰ ¥â Õ ¬à “ ß ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å ·ºπøóπô øŸœ ¡’«µ— ∂ÿª√– ߧåÀ≈—° §◊Õ 1) øóπô øŸ∑√—欓°√ ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’‰Ë ¥â√∫— º≈°√–∑∫ 2) µ‘¥µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫°“√øóπô µ—«‡ÕߢÕß∏√√¡™“µ‘ °“√ ≈“¬µ—«·≈–°“√ – ¡ ¢Õߪ√‡≈’¬¡‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ„π ‘ßË ¡’™«’ µ‘ ·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈– 3) ‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß„π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√øóπô øŸ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡·≈–√–∫∫π‘ ‡ «»„Àâ · °à À πà « ¬ß“πªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ∑’Ë ‡°’¬Ë «¢âÕß ‚¥¬„π·ºπøóπô øŸ¥ß— °≈à“«ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ 6 ‚§√ß°“√/ °‘®°√√¡ §◊Õ 1) °“√øóπô øŸ§«“¡Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¢Õßµ—«ÕàÕπ —µ«åπÈ” ‚¥¬°“√‡æ“–‡≈’¬È ßµ—«ÕàÕπ·≈–ª≈àÕ¬≈ß Ÿ∑à –‡≈ 2) °“√»÷°…“ °“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß —ߧ¡ ‘ßË ¡’™«’ µ‘ „π·π«ª–°“√—ßÀ“¥À‘π ·≈– À“¥∑√“¬ 3) °“√»÷°…“°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ߢÕß·æ≈ß°åµÕπ ·≈– —µ«å∑–‡≈Àπâ“¥‘π 4) °“√µ‘¥µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóÕô π ¢Õߪ√‡≈’¬¡‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ„π ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘µ„π·π«ª–°“√—ß À“¥À‘π ·≈–À“¥∑√“¬ 5) °“√µ‘¥µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫°“√ ªπ‡ªóÕô π¢Õߪ√‡≈’¬¡‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ„π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈– 6) °“√µ‘¥µ“¡µ√«® Õ∫·≈–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈·ºπøóôπøŸ ¿“æ ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑—ßÈ π’È ¡’Àπ૬ߓπ√à«¡¥”‡π‘π°“√À≈—° 4 Àπ૬ߓπ §◊Õ °√¡ª√–¡ß °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… °√¡∑√—欓°√∑“ß∑–‡≈ ·≈–™“¬Ωíòß ·≈– ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√ ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‚¥¬¡’ ∂“∫—π °“√»÷°…“·≈– Õߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ‡ªìπÀπ૬ߓπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√ ¥”‡π‘πß“π„π√–¬–‡«≈“ 2 ªï ¿“¬„µâ°√Õ∫ß∫ª√–¡“≥ ®”π«π 290.68 ≈â“π∫“∑ ■

contaminate the marine environment. This raised the need for the development of the Restoration Plan for Natural Resources, Environment and Ecosystems, to ensure proper recovery and monitoring of the natural environment. The Restoration Plan was aimed to 1) restore natural resources and environment affected by the oil spil ; 2) monitor the recovery of the natural environment, degradation and accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in living organisms and the environment; and 3) provide guidelines for cooperating agencies concerning the restoration of natural resources, environment and ecosystems. The Restoration Plan comprised six main projects/activities, as follows: 1) restoration of marine animal larvae that are in abundance in the sea; 2) study of changes in communities of living organisms in coral reefs, rocky shores and sandy shores; 3) study of changes in planktons and marine benthic organisms; 4) monitoring contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons among living organisms in coral reefs, rocky shores and sandy shores; 5) monitoring petroleum hydrocarbons contamination in the environment; and 6) monitoring and evaluation of the restoration plan. The four main implementing agencies are the Department of Fisheries, Pollution Control Department, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources and Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, with academic institutions and local administration a uthorities as supporting agencies. The planûs duration is two years and its proposed budget is 290.68 mil ion Baht. ■ References ■ Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy

and Planning. 2006. Impacts, Damage Value and Restoration Plan for Natural Resources and Environment Affected by the Oil Spill in Si Racha District, Chonburi Province. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

184 pages. (in Thai) ■ Figures presented in this paper are courtesy of the First Fleet, Royal Thai Navy and Marine and Coastal Resources Research Center for East Coast of the Gulf of Thailand, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources

In Thailand, currently, there is no determination of the standard value of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in the environment. The study, therefore, compared the survey results with the petroleum hydrocarbon content found in contaminated areas abroad. ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–¡≈æ‘… Enviroment and Pollution

¥√. «√»—°¥‘Ï æà«ß‡®√‘≠*

§ÿ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ— ≥æ√–™à « ¬! ß∑’«Ë ¥— ∫“ßæ√– çÕÿ‚∫ ∂-«‘À“√ ¡’®µ‘ √°√√¡ª√—¡ª√“§µ‘ª√–¥—∫ºπ—ß ‡ªìπ·À≈àß∑’™Ë “à ß ‡¢’¬π∂à“¬∑Õ¥‡√◊ÕË ß√“«·≈–¿“æ·π«¢π∫π‘¬¡ ◊∫∑Õ¥¡“„πÕ¥’µ ¡’§“à „π ∞“π–∑’‡Ë ªìπÀ≈—°∞“𠔧—≠∑“ß«—≤π∏√√¡ ∑—ßÈ ¥â«¬§«“¡‡ªìπß“π™à“ß·≈– ∑—ßÈ „π à«π∑’‡Ë ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ¿“æÕ¥’µ Õ—π‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∫—π∑÷°∑—»π§µ‘·≈–§«“¡ √Ÿ â °÷ π÷°§‘¥¢Õß™à“ß„π∞“𖇪ìπ à«πÀπ÷ßË ¢Õß —ߧ¡„πÕ¥’µ¥â«¬ ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬‡æ◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡§«“¡‡¢â“„®§ÿ≥§à“¢Õß®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß ‚∫√“≥ ®÷߇∑à“°—∫‡ªìπ°“√»÷°…“Õ¥’µ®“°¿“æÕ¥’µ ∑’·Ë ¡â‡ªìπ¿“æπ‘ßË ·µà°Á ‡ ¡◊Õπ¡’™’«‘µÀ“°π”¡“≈”¥—∫‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß¬‘Ëߢ¬“¬§«“¡¥â«¬À≈—°∞“π ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑“ߥâ“π‡Õ° “√ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å ‰¥â¡“°‡∑à“„¥°Á¬ß‘Ë ‡Õ◊ÕÈ ª√–‚¬™πå µàÕ§«“¡‡¢â“„®Õ¥’µ¡“°‡∑à“π—πÈ é ¥√. —𵑠‡≈Á° ÿ¢¡ÿ (2548, Àπâ“ 7) ∫∑π”

«—¥∫“ßæ√– µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà√‘¡·¡àπÈ”π§√™—¬»√’ µ”∫≈ ∫“ß·°â«øÑ“ Õ”‡¿Õπ§√™—¬»√’ ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√ª∞¡ ‡ªìπ «—¥∑’ Ë √â“ß ¡—¬Õ¬ÿ∏¬“µÕπ°≈“ß ‚¥¬¡’ ßË‘ °àÕ √â“ß∑’Ë ”§—≠ ‰¥â·°à Õÿ‚∫ ∂·≈–®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß ®“°°“√ ”√«®‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπÕ¬à“߉¡à‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√ ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 19 惻®‘°“¬π æ.». 2548 ‚¥¬„™â‡Õ° “√∑’‡Ë ¢’¬π‰«â‚¥π. ≥ ª“°πÈ” ‡√◊ÕË ß ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß∑’«Ë ¥— ∫“ßæ√– π§√‰™¬»√’ µ’æ¡‘ æå„π«“√ “√‡¡◊Õß‚∫√“≥ ªï∑’Ë 8 ©∫—∫ ∑’Ë 3 ( ‘ßÀ“§¡-惻®‘°“¬π æ.». 2525) ‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ æ◊πÈ ∞“π æ∫«à“¿“¬„π™à«ß√–¬–‡«≈“ 23 ªï ¡’°“√ ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÕ¬à“ß ”§—≠∑’ˇ°‘¥°—∫æ√–Õÿ‚∫ ∂·≈– ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß∑’ÕË “® àߺ≈„Àâ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡»‘≈ª°√√¡ ‡°‘¥°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß·≈– Ÿ≠§à“‰ª„π∑’ Ë ¥ÿ ∂“π°“√≥åª≠ í À“

* π—°«‘™“°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ 6« ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Environmental Official Level 6, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

®“°°“√ ”√«®∫√‘ ‡ «≥‚¥¬√Õ∫æ√–Õÿ ‚ ∫ ∂ «—¥∫“ßæ√–æ∫«à“ æ√–Õÿ‚∫ ∂·≈–æ◊πÈ ∑’‚Ë ¥¬√Õ∫ºà“π °“√∫Ÿ√≥–¡“‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“π“πæÕ ¡§«√ ‡™àπ °“√ ´àÕ¡·´¡À≈—ߧ“ æ√–Õÿ‚∫ ∂·≈–Ω“ºπ—ß ‡¡◊ÕË °â“«‡∑Ⓡ¢â“‰ª¿“¬„πæ√–Õÿ‚∫ ∂ °Á®–æ∫¿“æ ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß∑’Ë π. ≥ ª“°πÈ” ‰¥â∫√√¬“¬‰«âÕ¬à“ß πà“ π„®«à“‡ªìπ¿“懢’¬π ¡—¬Õ¬ÿ∏¬“µÕπ°≈“ß ‚¥¬

Dr. Warasak Phuangcharoen*

çIn the Ubosot and temple, there are murals which reflect ancient tales. Murals provided the means by which painters were able to transfer old stories to the present time. Murals serve as major cultural evidence. Murals reflected artistic qualities and characteristics, while the stories that they conveyed recorded the attitudes and feelings of the painters as members of the past society. Therefore, any study and research to enhance our understanding of the value of mural paintings means a study of past periods based on paintings of the past. Although a still picture, a mural comes alive when the facts are described in chronological order and are expanded through available evidences in the form of historical documents. The larger the number of documents studied, the more we will understand the past.é Dr. Santi Leksukhum (2005, page 7)

OhThemyMuralsgod! at Wat Bang Pra ®‘µ√°√√¡‡Àπ◊Õª√–µŸ¥â“πÀπâ“æ√–ª√–∏“π‡ªìπ¿“æ ¡“√º®≠-™π–¡“√ ºπ—ߥâ“πÀ≈—ßæ√–ª√–∏“π‡¢’¬π ¿“扵√¿Ÿ¡‘ ºπ—ߥâ“π¢â“߇¢’¬π√Ÿª‡∑æ™ÿ¡πÿ¡ ≈—∫°—∫ Õ¥’µ¢ÕßÕߧåæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ ’∑’Ë„™â„π°“√‡¢’¬π¿“æ¡’ ‡æ’¬ß ’ Ë ’ ‰¥â·°à ¢“« ¥” ·¥ß ·≈–‡¢’¬«„∫·§ ‚¥®‘µ√°√√¡∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ√ÿàπ√“«§√“«‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫«—¥∫“ßæ√– §◊Õ æ√–Õÿ‚∫ ∂«—¥ª√“ “∑ ®—ßÀ«—¥ππ∑∫ÿ√’ «‘À“√¥â“π ∑‘»‡Àπ◊Õ «—¥„À≠àÕπ‘ ∑“√“¡ ®—ßÀ«—¥ππ∑∫ÿ√’ «‘À“√ «—¥™¡æŸ‡«° ®—ßÀ«—¥ππ∑∫ÿ√’ æ√–Õÿ‚∫ ∂«—¥™àÕßππ∑√’ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ „π¢≥–π’È ¿“æ¡“√º®≠-™π–¡“√ ‡Àπ◊Õª√–µŸ∑“߇¢â“∑’¡Ë ¿’ “ææ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ª√–∑—∫π—ßË ∫π Introduction ¥Õ°∫—«·°â«‡Àπ◊Õ√Ÿª·¡à∏√≥’∫’∫¡«¬º¡ ∑“ߢ«“¡’ Wat (temple) Bang Pra is located along °Õß∑—æ¡“√ª√–‡¿∑µà“ßÊ °”≈—ߧÿ°§“¡ ∑“ߴ⓬¡◊Õ¡’ the Nakhon Chaisi riverside, Bang Kaew √Ÿª¡“√· ¥ßÕ“°“√µ◊πË µ√–Àπ°·À«°«à“¬πÈ”À𒵓¬ Fah sub-district, Nakhon Chaisi district, ®“°°“√∂Ÿ°°—¥°‘π¢ÕßÀ¡Ÿ¡à ®— ©“Àπ⓵“¥ÿ√“â ¬¿“æ à«π„À≠à Nakhon Pathom province. It was built in πÕ°®“°®–∂Ÿ°∑”≈“¬¥â«¬πÈ”Ωπ·≈–§«“¡™◊Èπ·≈â« the midst of Ayutthaya period when the ∫“ß à«π Ÿ≠À“¬‰ªÕ—π‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√´àÕ¡·´¡∑’Ë booming architectures are temples and “¡“√∂‡ÀÁπ√àÕß√Õ¬‰¥âÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π (¿“æ∑’Ë 1) ‡™àπ murals. The basic study on November 19, ‡¥’¬«°—∫¿“æ‡∑æ™ÿ¡πÿ¡∑’Ë π. ≥ ª“°πÈ” ∫√√¬“¬‰«â«“à 2005, using the document written by Nor ·ª≈°‰ª®“°¿“殑µ√°√√¡¥—ß∑’ªË √“°Ø„πæ√–Õÿ‚∫ ∂ Na Paknam under the title çMurals at Wat ¢Õß«—¥Õ◊πË Ê §◊Õ ¿“æ‡∑æ™ÿ¡πÿ¡¢Õß«—¥∫“ßæ√– À—π Bang Pra, Nakhon Chaiseeé published in À≈— ß „Àâ æ √–ª√–∏“π·∑π∑’Ë ® –À— π Àπâ “ ‡¢â “ À“æ√– Muang Bo Ran (Old town) magazine vol. ª√–∏“π √«¡∑—ßÈ ¿“æÕ¥’µæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“∑’πË ßË— ‡√’¬ß‡ªìπ 8, issue 3 (August - November 1982) as ·∂« ‚¥¬·µà≈–Õߧ宖¡’Õ—§√ “«°π—Ëߪ√–π¡¡◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà baseline information, indicated that over ¢â“ßÊ ¿“æÕ¥’µæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“∑’«Ë ¥— ∫“ßæ√–π’·È ∑π∑’®Ë – the last 23 years, there have been extensive §—Ëπ¥â«¬©—µ√°≈—∫§—Ëπ¥â«¬æ—¥¬» „π¢≥–π’È¿“æ renovations to the temples and murals ¥—ß°≈à“«À≈ÿ¥≈àÕπ‡ ’¬À“¬‰ª‡ªìπ à«π„À≠à (¿“æ∑’Ë 2) which may affect the art and cause the „π¢≥–∑’Ë ¿ “扵√¿Ÿ ¡‘ ∑’Ë ª √“°ØÕ¬Ÿà ¥â “ πÀ≈— ß lost of its value in the end. æ√–ª√–∏“π ∑’ªË √–°Õ∫¥â«¬ “¡·¥π ‰¥â·°à °“¡¿Ÿ¡‘ √Ÿª¿Ÿ¡‘ ·≈–Õ√Ÿª¿Ÿ¡‘ ‚¥¬¡’¿“æ∑’πË “à π„®Õ¬Ÿ¿à “æÀπ÷ßË The Problematic Situation §◊Õ ¿“æ√“¡ Ÿ√°“¬ ’‡¢’¬«∑’·Ë ¬°‡¢’¬È «¬‘ßøíπ‡ß◊ÕÈ ¢«“π From the observation of the Wat Bang ‡≈à¡‚µ‰≈à≈à“π“߇¡¢≈“∑’Ë≈àÕß≈Õ¬Õ¬Ÿà„πÀâ«ßπ¿“°“» Praûs Ubosot (ordination hall), it can be said ‡Àπ◊Õ¡À“π∑’Õ—π°«â“ß„À≠à∑’Ë¡’§≈◊Ëπ∂“‚∂¡‰≈à°—π‰ª that Ubosot and the area in the vicinity Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ π“߇¡¢≈“Õ“®®–‰¡à‚™§ has been under the renovation for quite a ¥’‡À¡◊Õπ‡¡◊ÕË À≈“¬√âÕ¬ªï∑º’Ë “à π¡“∑’ Ë “¡“√∂À≈ÿ¥√Õ¥ long time such as the roof and the wall ®“°§¡¢«“π¢Õß√“¡ Ÿ√‰¥â ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°∑“ßÀπ’∂°Ÿ ªî¥°—πÈ repair.

∑—»π’¬¿“æ«—¥∫“ßæ√– Wat Bang Pra

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–¡≈æ‘… Enviroment and Pollution

¥â«¬ªŸπ´‘‡¡πµå∑©Ë’ “∫ºπ—߇ªìπ·π«¬“«®“°‡æ¥“π¡“ ®√¥æ◊πÈ ¥â“π≈à“߇ ’¬·≈â« (¿“æ∑’Ë 3) §«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß«—¥∫“ßæ√–¡‘‰¥â ∂Ÿ°®”°—¥Õ¬Ÿ∑à √’Ë ªŸ Õ¥’µæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“¿“æ¡“√º®≠-™π–¡“√ ·≈–¿“扵√¿Ÿ¡‡‘ 撬߇∑à“π—πÈ ¬—ß¡’¿“æ· ¥ß ‘ßË °àÕ √â“ß ¿“æªÑÕ¡ª√“°“√ √«¡∑—ßÈ ¿“æ«‘∂™’ «’ µ‘ ¢Õß™“«∫â“πÕ¬Ÿà ¥â“π≈à“ߢÕߺπ—ߥâ“π´â“¬·≈–¢«“„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë√–À«à“ß ™àÕßÀπ⓵à“ߢÕßæ√–Õÿ‚∫ ∂¢â“ß„µâ√ªŸ Õ¥’µæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ (¿“æ∑’Ë 4) ¿“楗߰≈à“«®÷ß¡’ª√–‚¬™π凪ìπÕ¬à“߬‘ßË „π °“√„™â‡ªìπÀ≈—°∞“π™—Èπµâπ∑’Ë√“¬ß“π∂÷ß ∂“π°“√≥å ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡„π ¡—¬‡¡◊ÕË “¡√âÕ¬ªï∑º’Ë “à π¡“ 1 √«¡∑—ßÈ ¬—ß ∫Õ°‡≈à“∂÷ß√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß ‘ßË °àÕ √â“ß∑’ÕË ¬Ÿ„à π¬ÿ§ ¡—¬π—πÈ ¥â«¬ „π¢≥–π’È ¿“æ∑’¡Ë §’ ≥ ÿ §à“‡À≈à“π’ÕÈ ¬Ÿ„à π ¿“æ∑’Ë √à«ß‚√¬·≈–‡ªìπ∑’πË “à «‘µ°°—ß«≈«à“Õ“® Ÿ≠ ≈“¬‰ªÀ“° ºŸâ¥Ÿ·≈·≈–√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫æ√–Õÿ‚∫ ∂À≈—ßπ’È¢“¥§«“¡√Ÿâ „π°“√Õπÿ√°— …å ∂“π°“√≥åª≠ í À“∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ °—∫®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß∑’Ë «—¥∫“ßæ√– “¡“√∂„™â‡ªìπ‡§√◊ÕË ß¬◊π¬—π‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ «à“ °“√‡ ◊ÕË ¡‚∑√¡¢Õß ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡»‘≈ª°√√¡¡’ “‡Àµÿ ”§—≠Õ¬Ÿ à Õߪ√–°“√ §◊Õ °“√‡ ◊ÕË ¡‚∑√¡Õ—π‡π◊ÕË ß¡“ ®“° “‡Àµÿ∑“ß∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈–°“√°√–∑”¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ‚¥¬¢âÕ¥âÕ¬¢Õß®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß §◊Õ §«“¡∑π∑“π ®“°°“√°√–∑”¢Õß∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‡™à𠧫“¡™◊πÈ ∑’¡Ë Õ’ ¬Ÿ„à π Õ“°“»·≈–®“°„µâ¥‘π∑’Ë´÷¡ºà“πºπ—ß·≈–√–‡À¬ÕÕ° ∑“ߺ‘«®‘µ√°√√¡∑”„À⮵‘ √°√√¡™”√ÿ¥ ≈∫‡≈◊Õπ ‡ ’¬À“1 ».¥√. —𵑠‡≈Á° ÿ¢¡ÿ °≈à“««à“ ‰¥â ( —πµ‘, 2548) ∂÷ß·¡â«“à ®–‰¥â¡°’ “√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“‚¥®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—߇ ¡◊Õπ‡ªìπ °“√´àÕ¡·´¡À≈—ߧ“‡æ◊ÕË ªÑÕß°—π‰¡à„ÀâπÈ”√—«Ë ‰À≈‡¢â“¡“ ¿“æÕ¥’µ ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√‡¢’¬π©“° ™’«‘µª√–®”«—π ®‘µ√°√®÷ßµâÕß „πæ√–Õÿ‚∫ ∂ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ªí≠À“ ”§—≠∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ ‡¢’¬π√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢Õß ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ª√–°Õ∫„Àâ ¡®√‘ß µà Õ æ√–Õÿ ‚ ∫ ∂·≈–®‘ µ √°√√¡Ω“ºπ— ß „π¢≥–π’È §◊ Õ °“√°√–∑”¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘ßË °“√¢“¥ ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑32 Thailandûs Nature and Environment ¿“æ∑’Ë 1 °“√°√–∑”¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ·≈–∏√√¡™“µ‘ àߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ¿“ææÿ∑∏ª√–«—µµ‘ Õπ ¡“√º®≠™π–¡“√ Picture 1 Human actions and natural damage affect a mural of Buddhas victory against evil.

When stepping into Ubosot, youûll see the mural Nor Na Paknam interestingly described earlier. This painting was created during the midst of Ayutthaya period. The mural above the door in front of the principal Buddha statue depicts victoryagainst-evils. The one on the wall behind the principal Buddha statue is about Tri-Phoom (3 worlds). The side walls are painted with Godûs alliance pictures and the past of the Buddha. The only colors used are white, black, red earth ochre and a cholorphyll green. The architectures in the same period as Wat Bang Pra are in Nonthaburi province that are Ubosot of Wat Pra Sat, ordination hall in the north of Wat Yai In Ta Ram, and ordination hall of Wat Chom Phu Weg. The other one the ubosot of Wat Chong Non Sri in Bangkok.

Now the victory-against-evils murals is above the entry door that has pictures of Buddha sitting on the crystal lotus, above the picture of the mother of water making

¿“æ∑’Ë 2 ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß¿“æ‡∑æ™ÿ¡πÿ¡·≈–Õ¥’µæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ Picture 2 Mural of god's assembly and the past life of Buddha.

§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π°“√Õπÿ√—°…å ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√‡√àß ¥”‡π‘ π °“√Õπÿ √— ° …å Õ ¬à “ ß∂Ÿ ° À≈— ° «‘ ™ “°“√µà Õ ¿“æ ®‘ µ √°√√¡∑’Ë ‡ À≈◊ Õ Õ¬Ÿà °Á ‡ ªì π ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë ®”‡ªì π ·≈–µâ Õ ß√’ ∫ ¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“߇√àߥà«π ¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–·π«∑“ß°“√·°â‰¢

”À√—∫·π«∑“ß„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π√—°…“®‘µ√°√√¡ Ω“ºπ—ßπ—È𠄧√àÀ¬‘∫¬°¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–∑’Ë∑à“πÕ“®“√¬å »‘≈ªá æ’√–»√’ 2 ‰¥â‡ πÕ«‘∏’ªÑÕß°—π√—°…“®‘µ√°√√¡ Ω“ºπ—߉«â ¥—ßπ’È 1. §«√≈ß¡◊Õ¥”‡π‘π°“√ ”√«®∑’∂Ë °Ÿ À≈—°‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π ∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ∑’ˬ—ß¡’®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß‚∫√“≥Õ¬Ÿà ‰¡à®”°—¥ ‡©æ“–·µà∑¡’Ë §’ ≥ ÿ §à“∑“ß»‘≈ª– 2. ®—¥∑”‡Õ° “√¿“æ∂à“¬‚¥¬™à“ß¿“溟™â ”π“≠ 3. „π°√≥’∑Ω’Ë “ºπ—߇°à“¡“°·≈–ºÿæß— ‡¡◊ÕË À¡¥°”≈—ß ¬÷¥‡Àπ’¬Ë «°—π ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß°Á®–°≈“¬‡ªìπΩÿπÉ „π °√≥’π°’È “√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â‚¥¬„™âπÈ”¬“‡§¡’ ©“∫‰ª∑—«Ë æ◊πÈ ºπ—߇æ◊ÕË „Àâ¡π— ¬÷¥°—π‰«â 4. °“√°—Èπ©“°À√◊Õ∑”√—È«°—Èπ‰«â¢â“ßÀπâ“ ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π

a bun of her hair. On the right side is a picture of armies of all kinds of evils trying to attack. On the left side is a picture of nervous evils anxiously swimming away escaping from being eaten by the horribly fierce-looking fishes. Most of the paintings were destroyed by rain and moisture.

Some were lost due to the renovation which can clearly be noticed. (Picture 1) Itûs the same to the painting of the God assembly which Nor Na Paknam said to be different from the murals appeared on walls of other temples. The God Assembly picture was placed in the location that its back, instead of its front, turn to the face of the principal Buddha statue of the temple. In addition, a row of paintings that portrays the Buddha-s of the past with savaka disciples who were seated beside him and are grouped according to the monksû fans instead of multi-tiered state umbrellas. These paintings are now mostly worn out (Picture 2).

The Tri-Phoom (3 worlds) picture appearing behind the principal Buddha statue is a story about things happening among 3 worlds; Gamma Phoom (lustful land), Roobba Phoom (superficial land), and

¿“æ∑’Ë 3 °“√´àÕ¡·´¡ºπ—ß ¥â“πÀ≈—ßæ√–ª√–∏“π àߺ≈°√–∑∫ µàÕ¿“殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß ¿“扵√¿Ÿ¡‘ Picture 3 Restoration of the ubosot wall behind the principal Buddha statue which has an impact on the Tri-Phoom mural.

2 ∏π‘µ Õ¬Ÿà ‚æ∏‘Ï ·ª≈®“° Appreciaation of our murals, „π «‘∫≈Ÿ ¬å ≈’ È «ÿ √√≥ ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–¡≈æ‘… Enviroment and Pollution

¿“æ∑’Ë 4 ∂“ªíµ¬°√√¡·≈– «‘∂™’ «’ µ‘ „π ¡—¬Õ¬ÿ∏¬“ Picture 4 Architecture and traditional ways of life of the Ayutthaya Period.

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

A-Roobba Phoom (non-superficial land).

The interesting painting is the one of green giant snarling chasing Mekkala who is flying around in the sky above an extensive wavy ocean. However, Mekkala is not as lucky as she was 100 years ago that she could escape from the giantûs axe. This time she cannot escape since the concrete wall was built all around her from up in the sky down to the land below (Picture 3).

The significance of the mural paintings are not only related to the past of the Buddha, the victory-against-evils painting, and the Tri-Phoom (3 worlds) story, but they also reflect the architectures in the past, the fortress, including the lifestyle of the people whose pictures are on the wall area under the side windows of Ubosot, under pictures of the past of Buddha (Picture 4). These paintings are useful initial evidence of the past of about 300 years ago. It also informs us the style of the architectures during the time.

Nowadays, all these paintings are in a bad condition, concerning us about its lost if the responsible keeper does not know a thing about the conservation of artistic work .

The problematic situation happening with the mural painting in Wat Bang Pra can be of good proof that deterioration of the cultural environment has two main causes; the natural damage and human actions. The weak point of the murals is the durability from the natural damage such as moisture in the air and soil that can permeate through the ground and the wall to damage the paintings. Even though the Ubosotûs roof have been fixed to prevent the water from entering into Ubosot, the most important factors of the damage happened to the ordination hall and the mural paintings are human actions especial y the lack of conservation knowledge, Thatûs why the right way of conservation should be acknowledged and implemented immediately.

Recommended Resolutions

For the resolutions, Arjarn Silpa Bhirasri has recommended a number of ways to solve the problem; 1. Observe all places with historic mural paintings. Do not focus only on the ones valued for the art.

2. Make official documents with photos being professionally photographed.

3. In order to prevent the old wall from being damaged and becoming dusty, coat the paintings with chemical substance to help maintaining their condition.

4. Put a low barrier in front of or around the paintings so that people cannot put their hands on.

5. Cover beautiful mural paintings that are getting rare with glass.

6. If the roof has a small hole, install some tiny pipes on the top of the wall (inside)

‰¡à„À⺄Ÿâ ¥ºŸÀâ π÷ßË ·µ–µâÕßÀ√◊Õ‡Õ“¢Õß„¥Ê ‰ª‡ ’¬¥ ’ so that water wil flows out along the 5. „π°√≥’∑’Ë¿“殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—߇À≈◊ÕÕ¬ŸàπâÕ¬·≈– pipes. The pipes should be tiny because «¬ß“¡°ÁÕ“®‡Õ“·ºàπ°√–®°°—πÈ ‰«â they should not be noticeable.

6. „π°√≥’À≈—ߧ“√—«Ë °ÁÕ“®·°â¢Õâ ∫°æ√àÕßπ’‰È ¥â‚¥¬∑” √“߇≈Á°Ê ‰«âµÕπ∫π¢Õߺπ—ß (¥â“π„π) „ÀâπÈ”‰À≈ÕÕ° Conclusion ∑“ß∑àÕ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡√“ßπÈ”§«√¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°‡æ◊ÕË ¡‘„Àâ The murals in the old sanctuary of Wat ¢—¥°—∫§«“¡ «¬ß“¡¢Õß ∂“π∑’Ë Bang Pra can be referred as an initial ∫∑ √ÿª

§ÿ ≥ §à “ ¢Õß®‘ µ √°√√¡Ω“ºπ— ß ∑’Ë ª √“°ØÕ¬Ÿà ∑’Ë æ√–Õÿ‚∫ ∂À≈—߇°à“¢Õß«—¥∫“ßæ√– “¡“√∂„™â‡ªìπ ·π«∑“ß„π°“√»÷°…“·∫∫·ºπ ∂“ªíµ¬°√√¡ ¡—Õ¬ÿ∏¬“∑’ Ë “¡“√∂„™â‡ªìπÀ≈—°∞“π™—πÈ µâπ„π°“√»÷°…“ ∂÷߇Àµÿ°“√≥å∫“â π‡¡◊Õß ¢π∫ª√–‡æ≥’„π¬ÿ§ ¡—¬π—πÈ ‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ √«¡∑—Èß°“√»÷°…“∂÷ߧ«“¡·ª≈°¢Õß ¿“殑µ√°√√¡ ‡™àπ °“√‡¢’¬π¿“æ‡∑æ™ÿ¡πÿ¡∑’ÀË π— À≈—ß æ√–ª√–∏“π·∑π∑’®Ë –À—πÀπⓇ¢â“À“æ√–ª√–∏“π·≈– ¿“æÕ¥’µæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“∑’˧—Ëπ¥â«¬æ—¥¬»·∑π∑’Ë®–§—Ëπ ¥â«¬©—µ√ À“°«à“„π¢≥–π’¬È ß— ‰¡à¡À’ πà«¬ß“π„¥‡¢â“¡“ ¥”‡π‘π°“√„¥Ê „π°“√Õπÿ√°— …忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß ‡À≈à“π’È °“√ªÑÕß°—π√—°…“¿“殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ßµâÕß √’∫¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“߇√àߥà«π πÕ°®“°π’È °“√∂«“§«“¡√Ÿâ‡√◊ËÕß°“√Õπÿ√—°…å ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡»‘≈ª°√√¡„Àâ°—∫ æ√– ߶å ∑’Ë ® –µâ Õ ß¡’ ∫ ∑∫“∑ ”§— ≠ „π°“√Õπÿ √— ° …å ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡»‘≈ª°√√¡∑’‡Ë ªìπ ¡∫—µ¢‘ Õß™“µ‘„À⥔√ßÕ¬Ÿà °Á‡ªìπ‡√◊ÕË ß ”§—≠∑’®Ë –µâÕߥ”‡π‘π°“√§«∫§Ÿ‰à ª°—∫°“√ Õπÿ√°— …å‚¥¬¿“§√“™°“√ ª√– “π°—∫ √â“߇§√◊Õ¢à“¢Õß™ÿ¡™π„πæ◊πÈ ∑’∑Ë ®’Ë –‡ªìπ°”≈—ß ”§—≠„π°“√ Õ¥ àÕß ¥Ÿ·≈·≈–°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ßÕ—πµ√“¬µà“ßÊ ∑’ÕË “®®–‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ·≈– àߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡»‘≈ª°√√¡Õ—π§«√ Õπÿ√°— …å¢Õß∑âÕß∂‘πË ‡æ√“–À“°ª≈àÕ¬„Àâ¡°’ “√¥”‡π‘π °“√„¥Ê µàÕ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡»‘≈ª°√√¡ ‡™àπ ®‘µ√°√√¡ Ω“ºπ—ß ‚¥¬∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë¢“¥§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π°“√ Õπÿ√°— …å ¬÷¥µ‘¥„π«—µ∂ÿ‚¥¬„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠‡©æ“–‡√◊ÕË ß §«“¡„À≠à‚µ·≈–§«“¡∑—π ¡—¬¢Õß ‘Ëß°àÕ √â“ß¡“° °«à“§ÿ≥§à“∑“ߪ√–«—µ»‘ “ µ√å Õ“® àߺ≈„À⮵‘ √°√√¡ Ω“ºπ—ß∑’ËÕ“®‡À≈◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà‡æ’¬ß·Àà߇¥’¬«¢Õߪ√–‡∑» Ÿ≠ ‘πÈ ‰ª·≈–‰¡à “¡“√∂‡√’¬°√âÕß°≈—∫§◊π¡“‰¥â ¥—ß ‡™à π ∑’Ë ‰ ¥â ‡ °‘ ¥ ¢÷È π °— ∫ «— ¥ À≈“¬·Àà ß ∑’Ë µ—È ß Õ¬Ÿà √‘ ¡ ·¡à πÈ” π§√™—¬»√’„π™à«ß∑’ºË “à π¡“ ■

evidence for the study of Ayutthaya architecture style, historical trend of the living and the tradition of people back in the time. It also bolsters the study of the uniqueness of murals, for instance, the Godsû assembly picture that was placed in the location that its back, instead of its front, turn to the face of the principle Buddha statue of the temple and the portrait of the former Buddha, which was divided by the fan of rank instead of the multitiered state umbellas. If there is no organization that would make an approach to conserve these pictures, urgent actions are required. One of the practices that wil help preserve these national treasures is simultaneously educating monks on knowledge of artistic work conservation in parallel to conservation effort to be made by the government sector. Co-operating with community network that could be of help in observation for any inappropriate manners should also be promoted. Because if we let any inappropriate manners happen such as the murals created by those without knowledge of artistic work conservation, focusing only on the modernism of the architectures more than the historic value, the only murals in Thailand could disappear and never be retrieved back, just like how it has happened to a number of temples located on the riverside of Nakhon Chaisi river for quite a while. ■

Àπ—ß ◊ÕÕâ“ßÕ‘ß ■ π. ≥ ª“°πÈ”. 2525. 箑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß∑’«Ë ¥— ∫“ß æ√– π§√‰™¬»√’é. ‡¡◊Õß‚∫√“≥. ªï∑’Ë 8. ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3. ( ‘ßÀ“§¡ - 惻®‘°“¬π).

■ —𵑠‡≈Á° ÿ¢¡ ÿ . 2548. ®‘µ√°√√¡‰∑¬ ¡—¬√—™°“≈∑’Ë 3: §«“¡§‘¥‡ª≈’¬Ë π°“√· ¥ßÕÕ° °Á‡ª≈’¬Ë π. ‡¡◊Õß‚∫√“≥. °√ÿ߇∑æœ.

■ «‘∫≈ Ÿ ¬å ≈’ È «ÿ √√≥. 2546. »‘≈ª«‘™“°“√: »“ µ√“®“√¬å »‘≈ªá æ’√–»√’. ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ »“ µ√“®“√¬å»≈‘ ªá æ’√–»√’ Õπÿ √≥å. °√ÿ߇∑æœ. Àπâ“ 527 - 342.

References ■

Nor Na Paknam. 1982.

Murals at Wat Bang Pra, Nakhon Chaisi. Muang Bo Ran (Old Towns), Vol 8.

Issue 3. (August - November).

■ Santi Leksukhum. 2005.

Thai Mural in King Rama III Times: Values Changed, Actions Changed. Muang Bo Ran (Old Towns), Bangkok.

■ Wiboon Leesuwan.2003.

Academic of Art: Prof. Silpa Bhirasri. Prof. Silpa Bhirasri Memorial Foundation, Bangkok.

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–¡≈æ‘… Enviroment and Pollution

¥√. ¡—∏¬“ √—°…“ —µ¬å*

¥—Community ™π’™«’È ¥— §ÿEnvironmental ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈â Õ ¡™ÿ ¡ ™π Quality Indicators Dr.Mathya Raksasataya*

* π—°«‘™“°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ 8« ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Environmental Official Level 8, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

¥—™π’™’È«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ ”§—≠∑’Ë„™â µ‘¥µ“¡°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ߧÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡æ◊ÕË À“¢âÕ √ÿª ‡°’¬Ë «°—∫ ¿“æªí≠À“ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ À√◊Õ‚Õ°“ ‡ ’¬Ë ß∑’ÕË “®‡°‘¥ ¢÷πÈ „π™à«ß√–¬–‡«≈“Àπ÷ßË Ê ‡¡◊ÕË π”º≈°“√µ‘¥µ“¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫‡°≥±å ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬ À√◊Õ«‘ ¬— ∑—»πå „πÕ𓧵 ®–∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂ª√–‡¡‘πÀ√◊Õ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫º≈ ”‡√Á®¢Õß°“√®—¥°“√§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„π√–¥—∫æ◊Èπ∑’Ë ¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “§ ª√–‡∑» À√◊Õ√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»‰¥â ·≈–𔉪 Ÿ°à “√ «‘‡§√“–Àå‡æ◊ÕË æ‘®“√≥“À“·π«∑“ߪ√—∫ª√ÿßÀ√◊Õ‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß ¡“µ√°“√À√◊Õπ‚¬∫“¬¥â“π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ°“√®—¥°“√ §ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“欑ßË ¢÷πÈ µ≈Õ¥®π à߇ √‘¡ „À⇰‘¥°“√æ—≤π“Õ¬à“߬—ßË ¬◊π ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‰¥â®—¥„Àâ¡’°“√æ—≤π“¥—™π’™’È«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π ¿“¬„µâ‚§√ß°“√®—¥∑”·ºπ·¡à∫∑°“√ ®—¥°“√ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π ´÷Ëß°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¥—ß°≈à“«π’È¡’ §«“¡ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å°“√Õπÿ√—°…å ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡πÿ…¬å ”À√—∫‡¡◊Õß·≈–™ÿ¡™π∑—Ë«‰ª µ“¡∑’Ë°”À𥉫â„π ·ºπ°“√®—¥°“√§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ æ.». 2545 - 2549 ·≈–

Environmental Quality Indicator is an important tool for monitoring a change in the environmental quality. The monitoring result can indicate the state of the environment of concern, as well as the environmental risk involved at a certain period of time. The state of the environment and the environmental risk can be compared to their corresponding standards or criteria, and goals or visions previously established. As a consequence, the efficiency and the effectiveness of the existing environmental management can be appraised at the local, regional, as well as national and international levels. Modification(s) of the existing environmental management may be needed to enhance its efficiency and effectiveness and to promote a sustainable development.

The Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning had carried out a study to develop a set of community environmental quality indicators as part of a project on the Development of the Master Plan for Community Environmental Management. The work concurred with the Strategy on Conservation of Human Environment for Urban Areas and Communities as determined in the Environmental Quality Management Plan B.E. 2545 to 2549 (A.D 2002 to 2006), and the Policy Guideline on Community Environment in the Policy and Prospective Plan for Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality B.E. 2540 to 2559 (A.D 1997 to 2016).

The development of community environmental quality indicators included the compilation and the analysis of the community environmental indicators formerly proposed by several organizations within Thailand and abroad, as well as by field surveys. The study defined Community Environment as human surroundings, including living and non-living, and natural and man-made entities. The community environment was investigated in four dimensions, namely, natural resources and physical environment; economic status; social system and culture; and public administration and participation. Each dimension was divided into sectors; each sector comprised a set of indicators. A total of 102 indicators were proposed. Examples of the indicators for each sector are as follows : green area sector indicators : the areas of a public park or an open space per person; landscape

Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫·π«π‚¬∫“¬ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π ´÷ßË °”Àπ¥‰«â ¿“¬„µâπ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ°“√ à߇ √‘¡·≈–√—°…“§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». 2540 - 2559 °“√æ—≤π“¥—™π’™«’È ¥— ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π ª√–°Õ∫¥â«°“√√«∫√«¡·≈–«‘‡§√“–À奙— π’™«’È ¥— ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π∑’‡Ë πÕ ‚¥¬Àπ૬ߓπµà“ßÊ ∑—ßÈ ¿“¬„π·≈–¿“¬πÕ°ª√–‡∑» ·≈– °“√»÷°…“‡æ‘¡Ë ‡µ‘¡„π¿“§ π“¡ √«¡∑—ßÈ °“√°”Àπ¥π‘¬“¡ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π «à“§◊Õ ‘ßË µà“ßÊ ∑’≈Ë Õâ ¡√Õ∫¡πÿ…¬å ∑—ßÈ ∑’¡Ë ’ ™’«µ‘ ·≈–‰¡à¡™’ «’ µ‘ ‡°‘¥¢÷πÈ ‡Õßµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ À√◊Õ¡πÿ…¬å √â“ß ¢÷πÈ ‚¥¬æ‘®“√≥“„π 4 ¡‘µ‘ ‰¥â·°à ¡‘µ∑‘ √—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡°“¬¿“æ ¡‘µ‡‘ »√…∞°‘® ¡‘µ ‘ ß— §¡·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡ ·≈–¡‘µ°‘ “√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√ “∏“√≥–·≈–°“√¡’ «à π√à«¡¢Õß ª√–™“™π „π·µà≈–¡‘µ‰‘ ¥â·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ “¢“ ·µà≈– “¢“ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¥—™π’™«’È ¥— √«¡¡’®”π«π¥—™π’™«’È ¥— ∑’‡Ë πÕ∑—ßÈ ‘πÈ 102 µ—« µ—«Õ¬à“ߥ—™π’™«’È ¥— „π “¢“µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ (1) „π “¢“ æ◊πÈ ∑’ Ë ‡’ ¢’¬« ‰¥â·°à ¢π“¥æ◊πÈ ∑’ Ë «π “∏“√≥–·≈–∑’‚Ë ≈àß·®âß µàÕ®”π«πª√–™“°√ (2) „π “¢“¿Ÿ¡∑‘ »— πå ‰¥â·°à ®”π«πªÑ“‚¶…≥“∑’µË ¥‘ µ—ßÈ „π∑’ Ë “∏“√≥–‚¥¬‰¡à‰¥â√∫— Õπÿ≠“µ ·≈– (3) „π “¢“°“√®—¥°“√¢¬– ‰¥â·°à Õ—µ√“°“√π”¢¬–°≈—∫¡“ „™â„À¡à ‡ªìπµâπ ®“°°“√∑¥≈Õߪ√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π ”À√—∫™ÿ¡™π√–¥—∫µà“ßÊ ∑—ßÈ À¡¥®”π«π 7,922 ™ÿ¡™π ‚¥„™â∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂„™â¥—™π’™’È«—¥§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π„π¡‘µ∑‘ √—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡

sector indicators: the numbers of bil boards installed in public areas without a permission; and waste management sector indicators: the solid waste recycling rate.

The total of 7,922 communities were assessed for their environmental qualities, using the available data. The indicators proposed for the assessments of natural resources and physical environment were found to have a limited use. This was a result of the inadequacy of the available data. However, the majority of the communities investigated were found to meet the criteria of water sources and solid waste management. In contrast, many communities failed to meet the criteria of wastewater management, and to a lesser extent failed to meet those of landscape and green areas. The overall result of the study revealed that around 60 percent of all communities in Thailand could maintain their environmental qualities within acceptable standards or criteria. The most severe environmental problems commonly found in the rural and urban communities involved the deteriorations of natural resources and physical environment.

In addition to the development of community environmental quality indicators initiated by the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, several works relating to the development of the indicators have been carried out by a few major governmental agencies. Examples include a project on the Development of Sustainable Development Indicators for Thailand, by the Office of National Economic and Social Development Board; and a project on the Development of Sustainable Indicators for Municipalities and Districts in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area, by the Department of Environmental Quality Promotion.

Based on the works carried out by the above-mentioned governmental agencies, the author observed a variety of indicators proposed, especial y for the assessments of environmental qualities and natural resources. However, several indicators introduced by ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–¡≈æ‘… Enviroment and Pollution

°“¬¿“扥â§Õà π¢â“ß®”°—¥ ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°§«“¡‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¢Õß ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫‡°≥±å∑’Ë °”Àπ¥‰«â ”À√—∫™ÿ¡™π·µà≈–√–¥—∫ √ÿª‰¥â«“à ™ÿ¡™π à«π„À≠à ºà“π‡°≥±å “¢“°“√®—¥°“√¢¬–·≈– “¢“°“√¡’·À≈àßπÈ” ·µà ‰¡àº“à π‡°≥±å “¢“°“√∫”∫—¥πÈ”‡ ’¬¡“°∑’ Ë ¥ÿ ·≈–‰¡àº“à π ‡°≥±å “¢“¿Ÿ¡‘∑—»πå·≈– “¢“°“√¡’æ◊Èπ∑’Ë ’‡¢’¬«√Õß≈ß¡“ πÕ°®“°π’È º ≈°“√»÷ ° …“„π¿“æ√«¡¢Õߧÿ ≥ ¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π„π¡‘µ∑‘ ß—È 4 ¡‘µ‘ æ∫«à“ ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 60 ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ™ÿ¡™πÕ¬Ÿ„à π‡°≥±å¡“µ√∞“π ·≈–ªí≠À“∑’√Ë πÿ ·√ß„π™ÿ¡™π ∑—ßÈ √–¥—∫™ÿ¡™π™π∫∑ ™ÿ¡™π‡¡◊Õ߇≈Á° ·≈–™ÿ¡™π‡¡◊Õß„À≠à ‡ªì π ªí ≠ À“„π¡‘ µ‘ ∑ √— æ ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ · ≈– ‘Ë ß ·«¥≈â Õ ¡ °“¬¿“æ πÕ°®“° ”π— ° ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√— æ ¬“°√ ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¬—ß¡’Àπ૬ߓπÕ◊Ëπ„π¿“§√—∞∑’Ë ¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“¥—™π’™’È«—¥∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π ‡™à𠂧√ß°“√æ—≤π“µ—«™’«È ¥— °“√æ—≤π“∑’Ë ¬—ßË ¬◊π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬‚¥¬ ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√æ—≤π“°“√ ‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡·Ààß™“µ‘ ·≈–‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“µ—«™’È«—¥ ‡∑»∫“≈·≈–‡¢µ„π°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√πà“Õ¬ŸàÕ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π ‚¥¬°√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡ªìπµâπ ®“°°“√æ‘ ® “√≥“‡∫◊È Õ ßµâ π ¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ¥— ™ π’ ™’È «— ¥ §ÿ ≥ ¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π∑’æË ≤ — π“¢÷πÈ ‚¥¬Àπ૬ߓπ¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– à«π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫¥â“π∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ºŸ‡â ¢’¬πæ∫«à“¥—™π’™«’È ¥— ¡’‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°·≈–¡’ §«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ¥—™π’™’È«—¥„π∫“ߥâ“π∑’Ë

38

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

different agencies were found to be similar, e.g., those for physical environmental quality, and public participations in the planning and administration processes. A main problem regularly reported during the selections for proper indicators appeared to be the limitations of data, e.g., missing or invalid data. It is possible that the outcomes of the assessments of community environmental qualities depend on a number of factors or parameters, for examples, the indicators selected and their relative significance, the specific goals or criteria of the assessments, and the calculation methods used.

The cooperation between the governmental agencies wil enhance the sustainable development of community environment. They could consider cooperation in the development of electronic database system for data acquisition and analysis. The establishment of linkage between the existing databases wil provide a more efficient network for the environmental assessment. It should be noted here that the efficiency of the electronic database system relies heavily on the accuracy and the continuity of the input data. Therefore, good systems for data acquisition and data quality control are needed. As a result, the database system can really be used as an effective management tool for the decision makings.

Communities and local government organizations responsible for the selections of proper indicators for the assessment of the environmental qualities, could take into account the following aspects when they are making the decisions; the availability of the data within the communities, the relation of the data to the environmental problems significantly affect the developments of the communities, the potential for a wide variety of uses of the data (e.g., for reporting to a range of authorities), the development of the well-defined criteria or goals for the environmental assessment, the compatibility between the indicators and those specified in the governmental plans and policies at all levels, and the availability of local personnel capable of handling data and the ability of the community to continuously meet the relevant expenses. ■

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

Àπ૬ߓπ§π≈–·Àà߉¥â°”Àπ¥¢÷Èπ ¡’§«“¡§≈⓬§≈÷ß°—𠇙àπ ¥â“π§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡¥â“𰓬¿“æ ·≈–¥â“π°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õߪ√–™“™π„π°“√«“ß·ºπæ—≤π“·≈–∫√‘À“√ ®—¥°“√ ‡ªìπµâπ πÕ°®“°π’È æ∫«à“ªí≠À“·≈–Õÿª √√§„π °“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°¥—™π’™«’È ¥— ∑’‡Ë À¡“– ¡ ¡—°¡’ “‡Àµÿª√–°“√Àπ÷ßË §◊Õ ¢âÕ®”°—¥¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈ ‡™àπ ‰¡à‡§¬¡’°“√®—¥‡°Á∫¡“°àÕπÀ√◊Õ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°à“≈â“ ¡—¬ ∑—ßÈ π’ºÈ ‡Ÿâ ¢’¬π¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“ º≈°“√ª√–‡¡‘π §ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π ¢÷πÈ °—∫ªí®®—¬À√◊Õµ—«·ª√À≈“ª√–°“√ ‡™àπ ¥—™π’™’È«—¥∑’ˇ≈◊Õ°„™â ‡°≥±åÀ√◊Õ‡ªÑ“À¡“∑’Ë°”Àπ¥‰«â ”À√—∫¥—™π’™’È«—¥·µà≈–µ—« µ≈Õ¥®π«‘∏’°“√ §”π«≥º≈ ·≈–°“√„ÀâπÈ”Àπ—° (weigh) §«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß ¥—™π’™«’È ¥— ‡ªìπµâπ Àπà«¬ß“π¿“§√—∞∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√æ—≤π“ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ™ÿ¡™πÕ¬à“߬—ßË ¬◊πÕ“®æ‘®“√≥“ª√– “𧫓¡√à«¡¡◊Õ‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ ‡°‘¥°“√∫Ÿ√≥“°“√ß“π ·≈–√à«¡°—πæ—≤π“°≈‰°°“√∫√‘À“√ ®—¥°“√ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√®—¥„Àâ¡√’ –∫∫∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ”À√—∫°“√®—¥‡°Á∫ «‘‡§√“–Àå ·≈– ◊∫§âπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ‚¥¬Õ“®‡™◊ÕË ¡ µàÕ°—∫√–∫∫∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’¡Ë Õ’ ¬Ÿ·à ≈â« ‡æ◊ÕË „À⇰‘¥‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ ∑’Ë °«â“ߢ«“ߢ÷πÈ ∑—ßÈ π’È °“√®—¥„Àâ¡√’ –∫∫°“√§«∫§ÿ¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„Àâ ∂Ÿ°µâÕß·≈–∑—π ¡—¬Õ¬Ÿ‡à ¡Õ ‡ªìπªí®®—¬∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡ ”§—≠¡“° µàÕ°“√„™â∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„À⇪ìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ π—∫ πÿπ°“√∫√‘À“√ ®—¥°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π‰¥âÕ¬à“ß·∑â®√‘ß ¥—ßπ—πÈ ®÷ß®”‡ªìπ µâÕß¡’°≈‰°°“√‰¥â¡“´÷ËߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈π”‡¢â“ (input) ∑’Ë¡’ ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ ‡æ◊ÕË „Àâ¢Õâ ¡Ÿ≈¡’§«“¡µàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß·≈–‡æ’¬ßæÕµàÕ °“√√—°…“„Àâ√–∫∫∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ¡∫Ÿ√≥剥⠔À√—∫™ÿ¡™πÀ√◊ÕÀπ૬ߓπ√“™°“√ à«π∑âÕß∂‘πË ∑’µË Õâ ß æ‘®“√≥“§—¥‡≈◊Õ°¥—™π’™«’È ¥— §ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’‡Ë À¡“– ¡ °—∫ ¿“æ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π¢Õßµπ‡Õß ‡æ◊ÕË „™â„π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π·≈– √“¬ß“π§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡π—πÈ Õ“®æ‘®“√≥“‡≈◊Õ°¥—™π’™«’È ¥— ‚¥¬„™âÀ≈—°‡°≥±å ‡™à𠇪ìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’™Ë ¡ÿ ™π‡§¬®—¥‡°Á∫¡“∫â“ß ·≈â« ¡’§«“¡‡°’¬Ë «¢âÕß°—∫ªí≠À“∑’ Ë ”§—≠µàÕ°“√æ—≤π“¢Õß ™ÿ¡™π “¡“√∂„™â‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ”À√—∫°“√√“¬ß“πº≈µàÕÀπà«ß“π√“™°“√ à«π°≈“߉¥âÀ≈“¬Àπ૬ߓπ„π§√“«‡¥’¬«°—π “¡“√∂°”À𥇰≥±åÀ√◊Õ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬§«“¡ ”‡√Á®∑’™Ë ¥— ‡®π‰¥â ¡’ § «“¡ Õ¥§≈â Õ ß°— ∫ ·ºπ°“√∫√‘ À “√√“™°“√·≈–·ºπ ªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡√–¥—∫µà“ßÊ “¡“√∂®—¥„Àâ¡’ ∫ÿ§≈“°√„πæ◊Èπ∑’ˇªìπºŸâ√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫°“√®—¥‡°Á∫·≈–«‘‡§√“–Àå ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ·≈–¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂√Õß√—∫§à“„™â®“à ¬∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕ߉¥â Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß ‡ªìπµâπ ■

■

ÿæ≤ — π“ ∏“¥“π‘µ.‘ ‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡ «π“«‘™“°“√ ‡√◊ÕË ß‡¡◊Õßπà“Õ¬Ÿ.à ®—¥‚¥¬ ∂“∫—π «‘®¬— ¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡ ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬. ÀâÕߪ√–™ÿ¡ “√π‘‡∑» ÀÕª√–™ÿ¡®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√. 15 µÿ≈“§¡ 2547.

■ Hasan, M.N., Sustainable Development Indicators for Southeast Asia, Academy of Sciences, Malaysia, The Roundtable on a Framework of Sustainable Development Indicators in the Southeast Asia, organized by Thailand Environment Institute (TEI) and Kenan Institute Asia (KIA), 4 June 2003, Siam City Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand.

■ ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡. √“¬ß“π©∫—∫ ÿ¥∑â“‚§√ß°“√®—¥∑”·ºπ·¡à∫∑°“√®—¥°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π.»÷°…“‚¥¬¡Ÿ≈π‘∏ ‘ ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡‰∑¬. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√. ‡¡…“¬π 2547. (http://www.onep.go.th/uap/textUrban_new.htm) ■ ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√æ—≤π“°“√‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡·Ààß™“µ‘. √“¬ß“π©∫—∫ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“¥—™π’™«’È ¥— °“√æ—≤π“∑’¬Ë ß—Ë ¬◊π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬.»÷°…“‚¥¬ ∂“∫—π ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‰∑¬·≈– ∂“∫—π§’ππ— ·Àà߇Շ´’¬. °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√. °—𬓬π 2547.

■ ”π—°°“√¡’ «à π√à«¡¢Õߪ√–™“™π. °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡. °√–∑√«ß ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡.√“¬ß“π©∫—∫ ¡∫Ÿ√≥傧√ß°“√»÷°…“‡æ◊ÕË æ—≤π“µ—«™’«È ¥— ‡∑»∫“≈·≈–‡¢µ„π°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√πà“Õ¬ŸÕà ¬à“߬—ßË ¬◊π .°—𬓬π 2548.

■ ¡—∏¬“ √—°…“ —µ¬å. °“√æ—≤π“¥—™π’™«’È ¥ — ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡™ÿ¡™π. «“√ “√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡. Àπâ“ 17 - 21. ªï∑’Ë 9 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2548. ∂“∫—π«‘®¬— ¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡ ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬.

References ■

Thadaniti, S. Paper for the Technical Seminar on Livable City, organized by Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University. Chulalongkorn University Auditorium, Bangkok. 15 October 2004.

■ Hasan, M.N., Sustainable Development Indicators for Southeast Asia, Academy of Sciences, Malaysia, The Roundtable on a Framework of Sustainable Development Indicators in Southeast Asia, organized by Thailand Environment Institute (TEI) and Kenan Institute Asia (KIA), 4 June 2003, Siam City Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand.

■ Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning. Final Report of the Project on the Development of the Master Plan for Community Environmental Management, by Thailand Environment Foundation, Bangkok. April 2004. (http://www.onep.go.th/uap/textUrban new.htm) ■ Office of National Economic and Social Development Board. Final Report of the Project on the Development of Thailandûs Sustainable Development Indicators, by Thailand Environment Institute (TEI) and Kenan Institute Asia (KIA), Bangkok.

September 2004.

■ Bureau of Public Participation Promotion, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Final Report of a Project on the Development of Sustainable Indicators for Municipalities and Districts in the Bangkok Metropolitan Areas. September 2005.

■ Raksasataya, M. Development of Community Environmental Indicators.

Environmental Journal; 9 (1) Jan-Mar 2005. pp 17-21. Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University.

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

39

‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–¡≈æ‘… Enviroment and Pollution

¡‘ßË ¢«—≠ ∏√»‘√°‘ ≈ÿ * «√‘…“ ¥à“πæß»°√** ™”π“≠ ÿ¢ ÿ‡¡¶***

∫∑‡√’¬π√“§“·æß Lesson Learned °√≥’»°÷ …“πÈ”∑à«¡‡™’¬ß„À¡à ªï 2548

Case Study of Chiang Mai Flood in 2005 Mingkhwan Thornsirikul* Warisa Danpongsakorn** Chamnarn Sooksumek***

®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à µ—ßÈ Õ¬Ÿ∫à √‘‡«≥·Õàß∑’√Ë “∫º◊π„À≠à∑ ’Ë ¥ÿ ¢Õß¿“§‡Àπ◊ÕÀ≈àÕ‡≈’¬È ߥ⫬ “¬∏“√·ÀàßπÈ”ªîß®“°µâππÈ” ‡™’¬ß¥“«¡“∫√√®∫°—∫·¡àπÈ”«—ß∑’®Ë ß— À«—¥µ“° ·≈–∂â“À“° »÷°…“®“°ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å·Õàß∑’Ë√“∫‡™’¬ß„À¡à-≈”æŸπ·Ààßπ’È ‡ªìπ∑’µË ß—È ‡¡◊ÕßÀ≈«ß·ÀàßÕ“≥“®—°√≈â“ππ“∂÷ß “¡·Ààß π—∫ µ—ßÈ ·µàÀ√‘¿≠ ÿ ™—¬ ‡«’¬ß°ÿ¡°“¡ ®π∂÷ßπæ∫ÿ√»’ √’π§√æ‘ß§å ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°‡ªìπ™—¬¿Ÿ¡∑‘ ¥’Ë ‡’ À¡“– ¡ ”À√—∫°“√µ—ßÈ ∂‘πË ∞“π·≈–°“√µ‘¥µàէⓢ“¬ ·µà‡π◊ÕË ß®“°‡ªìπ∑’√Ë “∫≈ÿ¡à ®÷ß µâÕߪ√– ∫°—∫¿—¬∏√√¡™“µ‘Õπ— ‡°‘¥®“°πÈ”∑à«¡¡“·µàÕ¥’µ ¥—ß®–‡ÀÁπ®“°‡Àµÿ°“√≥åπÈ”∑à«¡§√—ßÈ „À≠à∑”„À⇫’¬ß°ÿ¡°“¡ ∂Ÿ°∑—∫∂¡®¡À“¬‰ª°«à“ 700 ªï ‡¡◊ËÕ¬âÕπ°≈—∫‰ª 50 ªï∑’˺à“π¡“ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à‰¥âª√– ∫ ªí≠À“πÈ”∑à«¡‡ªìπ√–¬–‡™àπ°—π ·µà∑’Ë„°≈âµ—«∑’Ë ÿ¥‰¥â·°à ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å πÈ”∑à«¡‡™’¬ß„À¡à‡¡◊ÕË °≈“ߪï 2548 ´÷ßË ∑à«¡µ‘¥µàÕ°—π ∂÷ß 5 §√—ßÈ „π™à«ß‡«≈“‡æ’¬ß 3 ‡¥◊Õπ ( ‘ßÀ“§¡ - 惻®‘°“¬π) ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ ∂“π°“√≥å∑‡’Ë °‘¥§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬Õ¬à“ßÀπ—°∑—ßÈ „π¥â“𠇻√…∞°‘® —ߧ¡ ·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ “‡Àµÿ ”§—≠∑’∑Ë ”„À⇰‘¥πÈ”∑à«¡ ■

ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”Ωπ®“°Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß擬ÿ¥‡’ ª√ ™—πË ‚¥¬„π™à«ß ‡¥◊Õπ ‘ßÀ“§¡·≈–°—𬓬π æ.». 2548 π—πÈ æ◊πÈ ∑’¿Ë “§‡Àπ◊Õ ‰¥â√∫— Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß擬ÿ¥‡’ ª√ ™—πË ç«“™‘é ç«’‡´π‡µé ·≈– ç¥Õ¡‡√¬é ´÷ËßÕàÕπ°”≈—ß≈߇ªìπÀ¬àÕ¡§«“¡°¥Õ“°“»µË” ‡§≈◊ÕË πµ—«‡¢â“ Ÿæà π◊È ∑’Ë ®“°Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß擬ÿ¥‡’ ª√ ™—πË ¥—ß°≈à“« ∑”„Àâæ◊Èπ∑’Ë¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¡’Ωπµ°™ÿ°Àπ“·πàπ Ωπµ°Àπ—°∂÷ß Àπ—°¡“°µàÕ‡π◊ÕË ßÀ≈“¬«—π ∑”„À⇰‘¥πÈ”∑à«¡©—∫æ≈—π πÈ”ªÉ“ ‰À≈À≈“° ·≈–πÈ”≈âπµ≈‘ßË „πÀ≈“¬æ◊πÈ ∑’Ë

ªí®®—¬‡ √‘¡µàÕ°“√‡°‘¥πÈ”∑à«¡‡¡◊Õ߇™’¬ß„À¡à ■

≈—°…≥–¿Ÿ¡ª‘ √–‡∑» ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡àµß—È Õ¬Ÿ∫à √‘‡«≥ ·Õàß ∑’√Ë “∫‡™’¬ß„À¡à-≈”æŸπ ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ∑’√Ë “∫‡™‘߇¢“º◊π„À≠à∑ ’Ë ¥ÿ ¢Õß ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ¡’·¡àπÈ” “¬À≈—° §◊Õ ·¡àπÈ”ªîß ‰À≈®“°µâππÈ” ∫√‘‡«≥Õ”‡¿Õ‡™’¬ß¥“« ®“°≈—°…≥–¿Ÿ¡ª‘ √–‡∑»‡™àππ’∑È ”„Àâ ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à‡ªìπæ◊πÈ ∑’√Ë ∫— πÈ”‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ ■ §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√√Õß√— ∫ ª√‘ ¡ “≥πÈ” ¢Õß≈”πÈ” ªî ß ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡àµ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà„π‡¢µ≈ÿà¡πÈ”ªîßµÕπ∫π ´÷Ëß¡’æ◊Èπ∑’Ë √—∫πÈ”ª√–¡“≥ 2,000 - 3,000 µ√.°¡. ¡’≈”πÈ” “¢“ 25 “¢“ ¬àÕ¬ ¡’πÈ”∑’‰Ë À≈≈ß≈”πÈ”ªîß 3 “¬À≈—° §◊Õ ≈”πÈ”·¡à·µß

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

‡™’¬ß¥“« (Chiang Dao)

æ√â“« (Prao)

¥Õ¬ ÿ‡∑æ (Doi Suthep) ‡™’¬ß„À¡à (Chiang Mai)

Chiang Mai Province is located in the Chiang Mai-Lampoon graben, the largest graben in the northern part of Thailand. The graben fed by the Ping River, which originates upstream from Chiang Dao District. The Chiang Mai-Lampoon graben has a special place in Thai history as it was the location of the three Lanna empires, namely, Haripunjaya, Wiang Kumkam, and Nopphaburi Sri Nakornping Chiang Mai. Although this area provides an excellent location for community settlements and commerce, it is located on the plain that has always been vulnerable to flooding. Therefore, Wiangkumkam was severely flooded and drawn for more than 700 years.

For the past 50 years, Chiang Mai has experienced periodic flooding. The most recent floods occured in mid 2005, There were five floods within a three-month period (August-November). The floods caused a lot of damage and brought about detrimental economic, social, and environmental impacts.

* π—°«‘™“°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ 8« ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡

Environmental Official Level 8, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning **‡®â“Àπâ“∑’«Ë ‡‘ §√“–À傧√ß°“√ ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡

Project Analyst, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning *** ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’«Ë ‡‘ §√“–À傧√ß°“√ ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡

Project Analyst, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

≈”πÈ”ªîßµÕπ∫π ·≈–≈”πÈ”·¡àߥ— ´÷ßË ¡’§«“¡®ÿ„π°“√√Õß√—∫ ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”‰¥âπâÕ¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–≈”πÈ”ªîß´÷Ë߇ªìπ≈”πÈ”∑’Ë¡’ §«“¡®ÿ‡æ’¬ß 460 ≈∫.¡.µàÕ«‘π“∑’ √«¡∑—ßÈ ≈”πÈ”¡’§«“¡ µ◊πÈ ‡¢‘π®“°°“√∑—∫∂¡¢Õßµ–°Õπ≈”πÈ”∑’æË ¥— æ“¡“ – ¡‰«â ■ °“√‡ª≈’Ë π·ª≈ß°“√„™âª√–‚¬™πå∑¥’Ë π‘ ®“°≈—°…≥–∑“ß ¿Ÿ¡»‘ “ µ√å¢Õ߇¡◊Õ߇™’¬ß„À¡à´ß÷Ë ‡ªìπæ◊πÈ ∑’√Ë “∫√–À«à“߇™‘߇¢“ ª√–°Õ∫°—∫¡’·¡àπÈ”‰À≈ºà“π∑”„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫°“√∑” ‡°…µ√°√√¡ ·µà‡π◊ÕË ß®“°‡ªìπæ◊πÈ ∑’»Ë πŸ ¬å°≈“ß°“√µ—ßÈ ∂‘πË ∞“π ·≈–‡¡◊ÕË ¡’§«“¡‡®√‘≠¡“°¢÷πÈ ∑”„Àâæπ◊È ∑’‡Ë °…µ√°√√¡°≈“‡ªìπæ◊πÈ ∑’‡Ë ¡◊Õß·≈–‡ªìπ‡¡◊Õß‚¥¬ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å„π∑’ Ë ¥ÿ ®÷ß°√–µÿπâ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ °“√∫ÿ ° √ÿ ° æ◊È π ∑’Ë ªÉ “ ‰¡â · ≈–æ◊È π ∑’Ë µâ π πÈ” ‡ªì π æ◊È π ∑’Ë ‡°…µ√°√√¡·∑π ´÷Ëß®“°°“√ ”√«®æ◊Èπ∑’˵âππÈ”∫√‘‡«≥ Õ”‡¿Õ‡™’¬ß¥“«´÷Ë߇¥‘¡‡ªìπæ◊Èπ∑’˪ɓ‰¡â·µàªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â¡’°“√ À—°√â“ß∂“ßæ߇æ◊ÕË ∑”°“√‡°…µ√ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– «π â¡ ·≈– æ◊™‰√à ‡™àπ ¡—πΩ√—ßË ‡ªìπµâπ ∑”„Àâæπ◊È ∑’ªË “É ‰¡â´ß÷Ë ‡ªìπæ◊πÈ ∑’Ë ¥Ÿ¥´—∫πÈ”Ωπ·≈–√Õß√—∫πÈ”≈¥≈ß √«¡∑—ßÈ Àπâ“¥‘π¢“¥µâπ‰¡â §≈ÿ¡¥‘π‡°‘¥°“√æ—ß∑≈“¬‡¡◊ÕË ‡°‘¥Ωπµ° πÈ”®÷ß日擵–°Õ𠥑π·≈–‰À≈≈ß Ÿ∑à “â ¬πȔլà“ß√«¥‡√Á«·≈–√ÿπ·√ß ■ °“√‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π·ª≈ß«‘ ∂’ ™’ «‘ µ ™ÿ ¡ ™π ™ÿ¡™π¡’°“√ª√—∫ °“√¥”√ß™’浓¡°“√æ—≤π“ ´÷Ëß·µà‡¥‘¡™ÿ¡™π¡’°“√ √â“ß ∫â“π‡√◊Õπ∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–¬°æ◊Èπ¡’„µâ∂ÿπ Ÿß·≈–‰¡àÀπ“·πàπ ‡∑à“ªí®®ÿ∫π— ®÷߬—ß¡’æπ◊È ∑’«Ë “à ß„π°“√√—∫πÈ” ‡™àπ À⫬ ÀπÕß §≈Õß ∫÷ßµà“ßÊ ¡“°¡“¬ µàÕ¡“™ÿ¡™π¡’°“√¢¬“¬µ—«°≈“¿“懪ìπ —ߧ¡‡¡◊Õß ∑”„Àâæπ◊È ∑’«Ë “à ߇À≈à“π’∂È °Ÿ π”¡“æ—≤π“ ‡ªìπ ‘ßË ª≈Ÿ° √â“ßµà“ßÊ µ“¡«—≤π∏√√¡µ–«—πµ° ‚¥¬ √â“ß ∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬·∫∫‰¡à¬°æ◊Èπ·≈–¢“¥°“√«“ߺ—߇¡◊Õß∑’ˇªìπ √–‡∫’¬∫ ¥—ßπ—πÈ πÈ”∑’‡Ë ÕàÕ≈âπµ≈‘ßË ≈”πÈ”ªîß®÷߉¡à¡∑’ “ß√–∫“‰¥â –¥«° ■ °“√°àÕ √â“ß‚§√ß°“√æ◊Èπ∞“π ‚¥¬¢“¥°“√§”π÷ß∂÷ß °Æ∏√√¡™“µ‘¢ÕßπÈ”∑”„À⢗¥¢«“ß∑“߉À≈¢ÕßπÈ” ‡™àπ °“√ √â“ß∂ππ –æ“𠇪ìπµâπ ‚¥¬‚§√ß°“√‡À≈à“π’‰È ¡à‰¥â »÷°…“º≈°√–∑∫„π¡‘µµ‘ “à ßÊ Õ¬à“ß∂’∂Ë «â π ∫“ß‚§√ß°“√¡’ °“√∂¡æ◊πÈ ∑’√Ë Õß√—∫πÈ”∑—ßÈ ∑’‡Ë ªìπ §Ÿ §≈Õß ∫÷ßµà“ßÊ ·≈–∫“ß Important Factors of Flooding ‚§√ß°“√¡’°“√ √â“ß°’¥¢«“ß À√◊Õ∫’∫∑“߉À≈¢ÕßπÈ”„Àâ ■ Depression During August to September 2005, the northern part of the country ·§∫≈ß πÕ°®“°π’¬È ß— ¡’°“√ √â“ß ‘ßË °àÕ √â“ß√ÿ°≈”πÈ”ªîß was affected by depressions, Washi, Vicente, and Domrey. These depressions ®π≈¥æ◊πÈ ∑’ÀË π⓵—¥¢Õß≈È”πÈ” àߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ°“√‰À≈·≈– moved to the graben and brought heavy rainfall for many days, resulted in flash √–∫“¬πÈ”„π≈”πÈ”

floods, forest floods while many river banks recorded high water levels. ·π«∑“ß·°â‰¢ªí≠À“¢Õß¿“§√—∞ Supplementary Factors of Flooding ¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 7 °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å ªï æ.». 2549 ■ Topographic Features Chiang Mai is located in the Chiang Mai-Lampoon graben, ‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫„πÀ≈—°°“√‚§√ß°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“πÈ”∑à«¡®—ßÀ«—¥

which is the largest plain in the North. The Ping River is the main stream, originating from Chiang Dao District. As a consequence Chiang Mai is a flood plain by nature.

■ Water Carrying Capacity of Ping River Chiang Mai is located on the Upper Ping River Basin, with a catchment area of about 2,000-3,000 sq. km. The Ping River

‡™’¬ß„À¡à ·≈–‚§√ß°“√·°â‰¢πÈ”∑à«¡≈ÿà¡πÈ”°≈ÿà¡®—ßÀ«—¥ ¿“§‡Àπ◊ÕµÕπ∫π ‡æ◊ËÕ∫√√‡∑“§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ °“√ªÑÕß°—πªí≠À“∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ √«¡∑—È߇æ‘Ë¡»—°¬¿“æ °“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√≈ÿà¡πÈ”¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¡“µ√°“√ ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–¡≈æ‘… Enviroment and Pollution

©ÿ°‡©‘π ”À√—∫√–∫∫‡µ◊Õπ¿—¬≈à«ßÀπâ“ ¡“µ√°“√™–≈Õ πÈ”À≈“° ·≈–¡“µ√°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß»—°¬¿“æ¢Õß·¡àπÈ”ªîß „π«ß‡ß‘πß∫ª√–¡“≥‰¡à‡°‘π 300 ≈â“π∫“∑ §«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–®“°¿“§ª√–™“™π

§«√¡’°“√»÷°…“ «‘®—¬ ·≈–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°√–∑∫∑—Èß ∑“ß∫«°·≈–∑“ß≈∫¢Õß‚§√ß°“√·°â ‰ ¢ªí ≠ À“πÈ” ∑à « ¡ ´÷Ë ß µâ Õ ß‡ªìπ°“√æ‘®“√≥“„π¡‘µ‘µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ √–∫∫𑇫» ¥â“π —ߧ¡ ¥â“π‡»√…∞°‘® ¥â“π°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ« °“√„™â ª√–‚¬™πå∑¥’Ë π‘ ‡ªìπµâπ ‡æ√“–À“°¥”‡π‘π°“√‚¥¬‰¡à¡’°“√ »÷°…“Õ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥ Õ“®‡ªìπ°“√ √â“ߪí≠À“„À¡à‡æ‘¡Ë ¢÷πÈ ‚¥¬°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“µâÕ߇ªìπ‰ª„π√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß°“√∫Ÿ√≥“ °“√ ·≈–∑’Ë ”§—≠„π°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“§«√‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâ¿“§ ª√–™“™π‡¢â“¡“¡’ «à π√à«¡¥â«‡Àµÿ ° “√≥å πÈ” ∑à « ¡‡¡◊ Õ ß‡™’ ¬ ß„À¡à § √—È ß π’È ‡ ªì π ∫∑‡√’ ¬ π √“§“·æß∑’ Ë Õπ„Àâ‡√“∑√“∫«à“ °“√¡ÿßà ‡πâπ¡‘µ∑‘ “߇»√…∞°‘® ‡ªì𠔧—≠ ‚¥¬¡‘‰¥â§”π÷ß∂÷ß∞“π√“°∑√—欓°√·Ààßµπ À√◊Õ °“√æ—≤π“∑’√Ë «¥‡√Á«‡°‘π‰ª ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“∑’¢Ë “¥√–‡∫’¬∫ «‘π—¬∑“ß∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∑”„À⇰‘¥º≈°√–∑∫¡“°¡“¬∑—Èß™’«‘µ ·≈–∑√—æ¬å ‘π µ≈Õ¥®π‡»√…∞°‘®¢Õߪ√–‡∑»´÷Ëßπ—∫‡ªìπ ¡Ÿ≈§à“¡À“»“≈ ºŸ‡â ¢’¬πÀ«—ß«à“‡√“®–π”∫∑‡√’¬π∫∑π’‰È ª„™â„π °“√À“·π«∑“ß®—¥°“√∑’∂Ë °Ÿ µâÕß„πæ◊πÈ ∑’ÕË π◊Ë µàÕ‰ª ■

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

‡«’¬ß°ÿ¡°“¡ Wiang Kumkam has 25 tributaries, the most important being Mae Tang, Upper Ping, and Mae Ngad. The carrying capacity of these tributaries is limited, particularly the Upper Ping Tributary (460 cu. m. per second). In addition, this tributary is shallow because of the accumulation of sediments.

■ Changing Land Use As part of its topographic features, Chiang Mai is a valley located between mountains fed by a river. It is a suitable area for agriculture and for human settlements. Gradually, the area used for agriculture has decreased and has come into urban area. The area's ideal topographic characteristics for agriculture have urged the people to encroach into the forest and the upstream areas. A previous survey of the upstream area of Chiang Dao revealed that

it used to be a forest area, but it has since been converted into agricultural area, particularly for growing oranges and other crops such as potatoes.

Therefore the forest area used to be able to absorb water has now decreased. In addition, erosion has occurred since the lack of surface soilûs covered plants. Floods then rapidly and intensely wash down the sediments to the downstream areas.

■ Changing Community Lifestyle The local communities have been affected by these changes. Previously, the people lived in traditionally built houses that were raised high from the ground on stilts. The communities were not crowded and there were bare lands where water from the streams could flow. These settlements pattern have changed and are now densely populated city. What used to be bare lands have been developed to accommodate buildings built in the western style. Houses are built on the ground while city planning has no particular order. When the water level in the Ping River is high, there is no waterway to divert the overflows.

■ Infrastructure Construction Roads, bridges, and other infrastructures were constructed without any consideration given to the water flow. Some infrastructures have obstructed waterways from naturally. Furthermore, the banks of the Ping River have become the site of buildings, affecting the cross-section of the river and affecting the water flow.

Government Resolutions The Cabinet resolution on 8 February 2005 approved the concepts of the Project on Solving Flooding in Chiang Mai and the Project on Solving Flooding in River Basins of the Upper Northern Provinces. The objectives of these projects are to reduce the flood damage, prevent future problems, and enhance the management capacity of the northern basin. The improved management capacity of the northern basin includes strategies for an early warning system, for impeding water flow, and for improving the Ping River's carrying capacity.

These projects have a combined budget of about 300 mil ion Baht.

Community Comments The community has offered comments concerning the need of research, study, and assessment of impacts of the projects on ecological system and social, economic, tourism, and land-use aspects. The people are concerned that the projects could cause additional problems if there is no impact assessment. They hope that the projects wil be implemented in an integrated manner. Importantly, they believe that public participation should be encouraged.

The recent flood teaches an expensive lesson which shows us that economic development without due consideration given to the natural resource base, or too rapid economic development or development without respecting the rules of nature wil damage human life, property, and the economy.

To this end, the author of this article would like to express the opinion that experience gained from this event wil help us to find the right and proper way to manage development in other areas in the future. ■

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß ¥«ß®—π∑√å Õ“¿“«—™√ÿµ¡å ‡®√‘≠‡¡◊Õß. 2548. çπÈ”∑à«¡°—∫§«“¡¬—ßË ¬◊π¢Õ߇¡◊Õ߇™’¬ß„À¡àé ‡™’¬ß„À¡à°∫— “¬πÈ” ¢âÕ‡ πÕ°“√®—¥°“√ªí≠À“ πÈ”∑à«¡Õ¬à“߬—ßË ¬◊π‚¥¬ª√–™“™π. ¥«ß®—π∑√å Õ“¿“«—™√ÿµ¡å ‡®√‘≠‡¡◊Õß ·≈– Õÿ∫≈√—µπå À¬“„ à ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√. Àâ“ßÀÿπâ à«π®”°—¥ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à‚√ßæ‘¡æå· ß»‘≈ªá : ‡™’¬ß„À¡à. µÿ≈“§¡.

■ ∏‡π»«√å ‡®√‘≠‡¡◊Õß. 2548. çπÈ”∑à«¡‡™’¬ß„À¡à 4 §√—ßÈ : ∫∑‡√’¬π·≈–∑“ßÕÕ° ”À√—∫‡Õ°π§√„π Àÿ∫‡¢“é. ‡™’¬ß„À¡à°∫— “¬πÈ” ¢âÕ‡ πÕ°“√®—¥°“√ ªí≠À“πÈ”∑à«¡Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π‚¥¬ª√–™“™π. ¥«ß®—π∑√å Õ“¿“«—™√ÿµ¡å ‡®√‘≠‡¡◊Õß ·≈– Õÿ∫≈√—µπå À¬“„ à ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√. Àâ“ßÀÿπâ à«π®”°—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à ‚√ßæ‘¡æå· ß»‘≈ªá : ‡™’¬ß„À¡à. µÿ≈“§¡.

■ ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡. 2549. √“¬ß“π ∂“π°“√≥å§≥ ÿ ¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1/2549.

■ http://chubby.exteen.com/20050817/ 2548-infrastructure-vs-geographyReferences ■

References Duangchan Arphawacharut Charoenmuang.

2005. çFlooding and Sustainability of Chiang Maié.

Chiang Mai and River. Comments for Sustainable Solution to the Flooding by the Public.

Duangchan Arphawacharut Chareonmuang and Ubonrat Yasai (Editor). Chiang Mai Printing Sangsilpa Company Limited: Chiang Mai. October.

■ Tanet Charoenmuang. 2005. çChiang Mai Flooding Four Times: Lessons and the Way Out for a Unique City in the Valleyé.

Chiang Mai and River. Comments for Sustainable Solution to the Flooding by the Public.

Duangchan Arphawacharut Charoenmuang and Ubonrat Yasai (Editor). Chiang Mai Printing Sangsilpa Company Limited: Chiang Mai. October.

■ Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning. 2005.

Report on The State of Environment, Vol. 1/2549.

■ http://chubby.exteen.com/20050817/ 2548-infrastructure-vs-geography# ■

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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՗懥∑ ÷π“¡‘ Tsunami Update

¡“√‘ “ Õ‘ß∏√√¡®‘µ√å * ∏«—™™—¬ ÿ¢≈Õ¬**

·π–𔇫Á∫‰´µå π÷ “¡‘

Introducting Tsunami

◊∫‡π◊ÕË ß®“°‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∏√≥’æ∫‘ µ— ¿‘ ¬— ÷π“¡‘ (Tsunami) ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 26 ∏—𫓧¡ æ.». 2547 ∑’‰Ë ¥â°Õà „À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬Õ¬à“ß¡“°µàÕ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ß‘Ë ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ´÷ßË °√–∑√«ß ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‰¥â‡¢â“‰ª™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ∫√√‡∑“∑ÿ°¢å·°àºªŸâ √– ∫¿—¬‚¥¬∑—π∑’ ·≈–‰¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√»÷°…“ «‘®¬— øóπô øŸ·≈–æ—≤π“∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–™ÿ¡™π æ◊πÈ ∑’ªË √– ∫∏√≥’æ∫‘ µ— ¿‘ ¬— ‚¥¬°“√ª√– “πß“π√–À«à“ßÀπà«¬ß“π¿“¬„µâ°√–∑√«ßœ ∑—ßÈ 8 Àπà«¬ß“π ‰¥â·°à °√¡∑√—欓°√∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬Ωíßò °√¡Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“µ‘ —µ«åªÉ“ ·≈–æ—π∏ÿåæ◊™ °√¡∑√—欓°√πÈ” °√¡∑√—欓°√πÈ”∫“¥“≈ °√¡∑√—欓°√∏√≥’ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡¡≈æ‘… °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈– ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ( º.)

Marisa Ingthamjitr* Tawatchai Sukloy** ◊∫‡π◊ÕË ß®“°‡Àµÿ°“√≥å∏√≥’æ∫‘ µ— ¿‘ ¬— ÷π“¡‘ (Tsunami) ‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 26 ∏—𫓧¡ æ.». 2547 ∑’‰Ë ¥â°Õà „À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡ ’¬À“Õ¬à“ß¡“°µàÕ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ´÷Ëß °√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‰¥â‡¢â“‰ª™à«‡À≈◊Õ∫√√‡∑“∑ÿ°¢å·°àºŸâª√– ∫¿—¬‚¥¬∑—π∑’ ·≈–‰¥â¥”‡π‘π °“√»÷°…“ «‘®—¬ øóôπøŸ ·≈–æ—≤π“∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–™ÿ¡™π„πæ◊πÈ ∑’ªË √– ∫∏√≥’æ∫‘ µ— ¿‘ ¬— ‚¥¬°“√ ª√– “πß“π√–À«à“ßÀπà«¬ß“π¿“¬„µâ°√–∑√«ßœ ∑—Èß 8 Àπà«¬ß“π ‰¥â·°à °√¡∑√—欓°√∑“ß∑–‡≈·≈–™“¬Ωíòß

The tsunami caused by the 26 December 2004 earthquake posed serious damage to our natural resources and environment. In response to the disaster, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment provided immediate emergency relief to affected people. Collaborative efforts concerning the study, research, restoration and development of natural resources, environment and communities in tsunami-affected areas were carried out by eight agencies of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The agencies are the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Department of Water Resources, Department of * π—°«‘™“°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ 7« ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“¬·≈– ·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Environmental Official Level 7, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning ** ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’«Ë ‡‘ §√“–Àåπ‚¬∫“¬·≈– ·ºπ ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Policy and Plan Analyst,Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

Àπâ“·√°¢Õß Homepage

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

Website

Groundwater Resources, Department of Mineral Resources, Pollution Control Department, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, and Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP).

The ONEP has actively participated in monitoring and evaluating the restoration and development of natural resources, environment and communities in tsunami-affected areas, as well as in establishing the Tsunami Website in Thai and English, to be used as a resource site for data and information on operations of all involved parties, from Thailand and abroad.

The website offers detailed information related to the tsunami, including definition, causes, and situations on the day of the disaster, il ustrated with photographs. Comments and recommendations on the website are welcome.

πÈ”æ√–√“™Àƒ∑—Royal Kindness at

a Time

of Need

Brief Details of Tsunami Website Access to the website: ONEP's Tsunami website can be easily accessed through www.onep.go.th/ tsunami You wil find the Homepage as shown in Figure.

Interesting Menu Royal Kindness at a Time of Need

You wil appreciate the kindness of His Majesty the King and

°√¡Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“µ‘ —µ«åª“É ·≈–æ—π∏ÿæå ™◊ °√¡∑√—欓°√πÈ” °√¡∑√—欓°√πÈ”∫“¥“≈ °√¡∑√—欓°√∏√≥’ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡ ¡≈æ‘… °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈– ”π—°ß“π π‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ( º.) °“√¥”‡π‘πß“π à«πÀπ÷ßË ¢Õß º. §◊Õ°“√µ‘¥µ“¡ ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ °“√¥”‡π‘ π °“√øóô π øŸ · ≈–æ— ≤ π“∑√— æ ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–™ÿ¡™π„πæ◊πÈ ∑’ªË √– ∫∏√≥’æ∫‘ µ— ¿‘ ¬— ÷π“¡‘ ´÷ßË ‰¥â®¥— ∑”‡«Á∫‰´µå π÷ “¡‘∑ß—È ¿“…“‰∑¬ ·≈–¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…¢÷πÈ ‡æ◊ÕË ‡ªìπ·À≈àß√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈º≈°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¢Õß¿“§ à«π µà“ßÊ ∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕß∑—ßÈ „πª√–‡∑»·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡«Á∫‰´µå¥—ß°≈à“« ¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥µà“ßÊ ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫ ÷π“¡‘ ‡™à𠧫“¡À¡“¬¢Õß ÷π“¡‘ “‡Àµÿ∑∑’Ë ”„À⇰‘¥ ÷π“¡‘ ·≈– ∂“π°“√≥å«—π‡°‘¥‡Àµÿ°“√≥å ÷π“¡‘æ√âÕ¡¿“æ∂à“‡ªìπµâπ √«¡∂÷ß°“√‡ªî¥„À⺇Ÿâ ¬’¬Ë ¡™¡‡«Á∫‰´µå √à«¡· ¥ß§«“¡ §‘¥‡ÀÁπ ·≈–„À⧔·π–𔇰’¬Ë «°—∫‡«Á∫‰´µå √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥‚¥¬¬àÕ‡°’¬Ë «°—∫‡«Á∫‰´µå π÷ “¡‘

√Ÿ®â °— ÷π“¡‘ Getting to

°“√‡¢â“ Ÿ‡à «Á∫‰´µå ∑à“π “¡“√∂‡¢â“ Ÿ‡à «Á∫‰´µå π÷ “¡‘¢Õß º. ‰¥â‚¥¬ßà“¬ ºà“π∑“ß www.onep.go.th/tsunami ·≈â«®– æ∫°—∫Àπâ“ Homepage ¥—ß¿“æ Know

Tsunami

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∏—𫓧¡ 2547 «—π‡°‘¥‡Àµÿ 26 December 2004

‡¡πŸµ“à ßÊ ∑’πË “à π„® πÈ”æ√–√“™Àƒ∑—¬ ∑à“π®–´“∫´÷Èß„ππÈ”æ√–√“™Àƒ∑—¬

¢ÕßÕߧåæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸÀà «— ·≈–æ√–∫√¡«ß»“πÿ«ß»å ∑ÿ°æ√–Õߧå ∑’‰Ë ¥âæ√–√“™∑“𧫓¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ·°àºªŸâ √– ∫¿—√Ÿ®â °— ÷π“¡‘ 𔇠πÕ§«“¡À¡“¬ “‡Àµÿ ·≈–≈—°…≥–°“√ ‡§≈◊ÕË πµ—«¢Õß·ºàπÀ‘π‡ª≈◊Õ°‚≈°∑’∑Ë ”„À⇰‘¥§≈◊πË ¬—°…å π÷ “¡‘ 26 ∏—𫓧¡ 2547 «—π‡°‘¥‡Àµÿ 𔇠πÕ ∂“π°“√≥å «—π‡°‘¥‡Àµÿ ·≈–§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷πÈ „πæ◊πÈ ∑’Ë 6 ®—ßÀ«—¥ ¿“§„µâ ¥â“𙓬Ωíßò ∑–‡≈Õ—π¥“¡—π ∫√√‡∑“∑ÿ°¢å‡√àߥà«π 𔇠πÕ°“√„À⧫“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ·°à ºŸªâ √– ∫¿—¬‚¥¬∑—π∑’¢Õß°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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՗懥∑ ÷π“¡‘ Tsunami Update

∫√√‡∑“∑ÿ°¢å‡√àߥà«π Emergency Relief

‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ºà“π∑“ß°“√®—¥µ—ßÈ »Ÿπ¬å„À⧫“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊ÕºŸªâ √– ∫¿—·≈–°“√®—¥µ—ßÈ §≥–°√√¡°“√™ÿ¥µà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ÕË „À⧫“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ„π √–¬–‡√àߥà«π °√Õ∫°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π 𔇠πÕ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π„À⧫“¡™à«‡À≈◊ÕºŸâª√– ∫¿—¬¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë —ß°—¥°√–∑√«ß∑√—欓°√ ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ·≈–Àπ૬ߓπÕ◊πË Ê ∑’‡Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕß º≈°“√ ”√«®§«“¡‡ÀÁπ„πæ◊πÈ ∑’Ë π”‡ πÕ¢âÕ§‘¥‡ÀÁπ·≈– ¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–¢Õߪ√–™“™π„πæ◊πÈ ∑’Ë 25 µ”∫≈ ∑’ªË √– ∫∏√≥’æ∫‘ µ— ¿‘ ¬— ÷π“¡‘ µàÕ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πøóôπøŸ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ¡µ‘ § ≥–√— ∞ ¡πµ√’ ∑’Ë ‡ °’Ë ¬ «¢â Õ ß π”‡ πÕ§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ ¢Õß√—∞∫“≈µàÕºŸâª√– ∫∏√≥’æ‘∫—µ‘¿—¬ ÷π“¡‘ ºà“π∑“ß¡µ‘§≥– √—∞¡πµ√’∑‡’Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕß ∑‘»∑“ß„πÕ𓧵 𔇠πÕ·ºπ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π‡æ◊ÕË °“√øóπô øŸ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„πÕ𓧵 ¢Õß°√–∑√«ß ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Links · ¥ß Hyper Links ‰ª¬—ßÀπ૬ߓπµà“ßÊ ∑’„Ë À⧫“¡ ™à«¬‡À≈◊ÕºŸªâ √– ∫∏√≥’æ∫‘ µ— ¿‘ ¬— ÷π“¡‘ πÕ°®“°π’È ¥â“π¢«“¡◊Õ„πÀπâ“·√° (Homepage) ¢Õ߇«Á∫‰´µå ‡ªìπ°“√𔇠πÕ¢à“« “√ ∫∑§«“¡ ·≈–‡°√Á¥§«“¡√Ÿ‡â °’¬Ë «°—∫ ÷π“¡‘ ´÷ßË ®–¡’‡æ‘¡Ë ‡µ‘¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß √«¡∂÷ß°“√ª√–¡«≈ ¿“æ‡Àµÿ°“√≥嵓à ßÊ ‡™àπ ¿“æ§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬·≈–¿“æ°“√øóπô øŸ ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡ªìπµâπ §≥–ºŸ®â ¥— ∑” À«—ß«à“ºŸ‡â ¬’¬Ë ¡™¡‡«Á∫‰´µå π÷ “¡‘ ®–√à«¡· ¥ß §«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ ·≈–„À⧔·π–π”‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß·≈–æ—≤π“ ‡«Á∫‰´µå„À⡧’ «“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å·≈–‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå¡“°¬‘ßË ¢÷πÈ ■

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

°√Õ∫°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π Operational Framework

º≈°“√ ”√«®

§«“¡‡ÀÁπ„πæ◊πÈ ∑’Ë Points of View

Local

¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’∑‡’Ë °’¬Ë «¢âÕß Cabinet Resolution

∑‘»∑“ß„π°“√Õ𓧵 Future Direction

Links Links

µà“ßÊ

members of the Royal Family in providing relief to the affected people.

Getting to Know Tsunami The site presents the definition, causes and types of movement of the earth's layers that cause the tsunami wave.

26 December 2004 This presents situations on the day of the disaster and damages along the Andaman coastline in six southern provinces.

Emergency Relief This shows emergency relief extended to the affected people by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The emergency responses included the establishment of Tsunami Victims Relief Centers and several committees to deal with urgent needs and provide help.

Operational Framework The site presents the relief operations carried out by agencies under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and other involved agencies.

Local Points of View This provides comments and recommendations by individuals in 25 sub-districts in the affected areas, concerning restoration of natural resources and the environment.

Cabinet Resolution This deals with the Governmentûs provision of tsunami relief through Cabinet Resolutions.

Future Direction This presents future operational plans for restoration of natural resources and the environment by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

Links This shows the Hyper Links to involved agencies providing relief to the affected people.

The area on the right side of the Main Page is used for news and articles and serves as a learning corner about the tsunami. Data and information, as well as pictures showing damages to natural resources and the environment and restoration activities, wil be regularly updated.

As members of the webmaster team, we look forward to your comments and suggestions to improve and further develop the website.■

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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π‘√«“π æ‘æ∏‘ ¡∫—µ*‘

‡«∑’‚≈° Global Forum

°“√ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√ §√—ßÈ ∑’Ë 34 ¢ÕßÕπÿ ≠ — ≠“«à“¥â«¬æ◊πÈ ∑’™Ë ¡ÿà πÈ”

34th StandingCommitteeMeeting of the Ramsar Convention

Nirawan Pipitsombat*

ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπ¿“§’Õπÿ ≠ — ≠“«à“¥â«¬æ◊πÈ ∑’™Ë ¡ÿà πÈ”‡¡◊ÕË «—π∑’Ë 13 °—𬓬π æ.». 2541 „π≈”¥—∫∑’Ë 110 ·≈–¥”‡π‘π°“√ Õπÿ«—µÕπÿ —≠≠“¡“‚¥¬µ≈Õ¥ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß°“√ ‡ πÕæ◊πÈ ∑’™Ë ¡ÿà πÈ”∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡ ”§—≠¢Õߪ√–‡∑»¢÷πÈ ∑–‡∫’¬π‡ªìπ æ◊πÈ ∑’™Ë ¡ÿà πÈ”∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡ ”§—≠√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑» °“√®—¥∑”·ºπ °“√Õπÿ√°— …å·≈–„™âª√–‚¬™πåæπ◊È ∑’™Ë ¡àÿ πȔլà“ß™“≠©≈“¥·≈– ¬—ßË ¬◊π °“√ √â“ߧ«“¡√Ÿâ §«“¡‡¢â“„®·≈–§«“¡µ√–Àπ—°„π §ÿ≥§à“·≈–§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë™ÿà¡πÈ”„Àâ·°à “∏“√≥™π °“√ π—∫ πÿπ·≈– à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¡’°“√Õπÿ√—°…åæ◊Èπ∑’Ë™ÿà¡πÈ”‚¥π—∫ πÿπ„Àâ¡°’ “√„™âª√–‚¬™πåÕ¬à“ß™“≠©≈“¥ ·≈–°“√‡¢â“ √à«¡°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ¡—™™“¿“§’Õπÿ ≠ — ≠“œ (Conference of the Parties) „π ¡—¬∑’Ë 7 ¡—¬∑’Ë 8 ·≈– ¡—¬∑’Ë 9

Thailand ratified the Ramsar Convention on 13 September 1998, becoming the 110th country to ratify this convention. As part of its implementation of the convention, Thailand registered the countryûs wetlands in the list of wetlands of international importance, developed conservation plans for sustainable utilization of wetlands, promoted public knowledge and awareness, enhanced wetland conservation through efficient utilization, and joined the 7th, 8th and 9th Conference of the Party (COP).

°“√ª√–™ÿ¡œ §√—ßÈ ≈à“ ÿ¥ §◊Õ ¡—¬∑’Ë 9 π—πÈ ª√–‡∑»‰∑ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘ßË „π°“√· ¥ß§«“¡‡ªìπºŸπâ ” „π‡«∑’°“√Õπÿ√°— …å∑ß—È „π√–¥—∫¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “§·≈–„π√–¥—∫‚≈° ‚¥‰¥â√—∫°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡ªìπºŸâ·∑π¢Õß¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§‡Õ‡™’¬„π§≥– °√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√¢ÕßÕπÿ ≠ — ≠“œ (Standing Committee) ´÷ßË §—¥‡≈◊Õ°°—π∑ÿ°Ê 3 ªï ·≈–¡’Àπâ“∑’ÀË ≈—° §◊Õ°”°—∫¥Ÿ·≈ ·≈– „Àâ¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–„π°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π·≈–°“√‡ß‘π¢Õß ”π—° ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√ „À⇪ìπ‰ªµ“¡¡µ‘°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ¡—™™“¿“§’ ·≈– À≈—°°“√¢ÕßÕπÿ ≠ — ≠“œ °“√ª√–™ÿ¡œ ¡—¬∑’Ë 9 π’È ª√–‡∑» ‰∑¬¬—ß®—¥π‘∑√√»°“√· ¥ßº≈°“√¥”π‘πß“π°“√Õπÿ√°— …å·≈– „™âª√–‚¬™πåæπ◊È ∑’™Ë ¡ÿà πȔլà“ß™“≠©≈“¥ ·≈–®—¥∑”√“¬ß“π ·Ààß™“µ‘ ·≈–ªØ‘∑‘π· ¥ß√Ÿª·∫∫æ◊Èπ∑’Ë™ÿà¡πÈ”°“√„™â ª√–‚¬™πå„π√Ÿª·∫∫µà“ßÊ ‡º¬·æ√à„À⺇Ÿâ ¢â“√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡§√—ßÈ π’È ¥â«¬ ‡Àµÿº≈ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß∑’˪√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â√—∫°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ° ‡ªìπºŸâ·∑π„π§≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√ ‡ªìπ‡æ√“–π“π“ ª√–‡∑»µ√–Àπ—°«à“ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¥”‡π‘πß“π¥â“ππ’‡È ªìπÕ¬à“ß

At the last COP (9th COP), Thailand demonstrated its regional and global leadership in conservation through its election as a member of the Standing Committee, nominated by Asian countries for a threeyear term. The regional representative is responsible for supervising and advising the implementation and monitoring of the Office of the Secretariat, in accordance with the COP resolution and the convention charter. At the 9th conference, Thailand organized an exhibition showing the results of implementing wetland conservation and efficient utilization and developing a national report and a wetland utilization chart. One of the reasons that supported Thailand's election to the Standing Committee was the recognition by other countries of Thailand's hard work and continuing conservation

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

* π—°«‘™“°“√ ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ 8« ”π—°ß“ππ‚¬∫“·≈–·ºπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ·≈– ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡ Environmental Official Level 8, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

¡“° Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß·≈–Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß ´÷ßË ‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’¥Ë „’ Àâ °—∫ª√–‡∑»Õ◊πË Ê À≈—ß®“°°“√ª√–™ÿ¡¿“§’Õπÿ ≠ — ≠“œ ¡—¬∑’Ë 9 ºŸ·â ∑π ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π∞“π–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√Õπÿ ≠ — ≠“ ‰¥â‡¢â“√à«¡ °“√ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√ §√—ßÈ ∑’Ë 34 „π√–À«à“ß«—π∑’Ë 10 - 13 ‡¡…“¬π æ.». 2549 ∑’‡Ë ¡◊Õß Gland ª√–‡∑» «‘µ‡´Õ√å ·≈π¥å ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ∑’µË ß—È ¢Õß ”π—°ß“π‡≈¢“∏‘°“√Õπÿ ≠ — ≠“œ„π°“√ ª√–™ÿ¡ §√—ßÈ π’È ¡’º·Ÿâ ∑π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ ∑’‡Ë ªìπ°√√¡°“√„π §≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√ ·≈–ºŸ‡â ¢â“√à«¡ —߇°µ°“√≥å ‡¢â“√à«¡ ª√–™ÿ¡ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ºŸ·â ∑π®“°¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “§·Õø√‘°“ (ºŸ·â ∑π ®“°ª√–‡∑» ‡∫π‘π °“∫Õß ‡§π¬“ ¡“≈“«’ ·≈–¬Ÿ°π— ¥“´÷ßË ‡ªìπ ª√–∏“π§≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√) ¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§‡Õ‡™’¬ (ºŸâ·∑π®“° ª√–‡∑» “∏“√≥√—∞ª√–™“™π®’π “∏“√≥√—∞Õ‘ ≈“¡Õ‘À√à“π ·≈–‰∑¬) ¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§¬ÿ‚√ª (ºŸâ·∑π®“°ª√–‡∑» ÕÕ ‡µ√’“∏“√≥√—∞‡™Á° ®Õ√凮’¬ ·≈– ‚≈«’‡π’¬) ¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “§Õ‡¡√‘°“„µâ À√◊Õπ’‚Õ∑√Õªî§ å (‰¥â·°à ∫“Œ“¡“ ‡Õ°«“¥Õ√å ·≈– ‡Õ≈´—≈«“¥Õ√å) ¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “§Õ‡¡√‘°“‡Àπ◊Õ (‰¥â·°à À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“) ”À√—∫ºŸ â ß— ‡°µ°“√≥å ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ºŸ â ß— ‡°µ°“√≥å∂“«√ (ºŸâ ·∑π®“°ª√–‡∑» «‘µ‡´Õ√å·≈π¥å ª√–‡∑»‡π‡∏Õ√å·≈π¥å BirdLife International IUCN International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Wetlands International WWF International) ·≈–ºŸ â ß— ‡°µ°“√≥宓°ª√–‡∑»¿“§’ (·Õ≈‡∫‡π’¬

programs, which followed the standard of best practice.

After the 9th COP, Thailand, as a member of the Standing Committee, joined the 34th Standing Committee Meeting held on 10 - 13 April 2006 in Gland, Switzerland, where the Office of the Convention Secretariat is based. Joining the meeting were representatives from many countries, acting as committee members, and observers. The representatives came from Africa (Benin, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, and Uganda, whose representative chaired the Standing Committee), Asia (the Peopleûs Republic of China, Republic of Islamic Iran, and Thailand), Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Georgia, and Slovania), South America or Neotropic (Bahamas, Ecuador, and El Salvador), and North America (United States of America). The observers were permanent observers from Switzerland and Netherlands (Birdlife International, IUCN International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Wetlands International, WWF International and general observers from member countries (Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, France, Japan, Madagascar, Russia, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, and United Kingdom). In addition, there were participants from the Scientific Technical Review Panel (STRP) and the Office of the Secretariat.

The 34th Standing Committee acknowledged the Secretariatûs Report, the International Organization Partnersû Report which included Birdlife International, IWMI, Wetlands International, IUCN, WWF, and the Meeting Report of STRP Oversight Committee. All the reports were adopted and these proved useful in guiding Thailandûs implementation, as seen in the following section. ∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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‡«∑’‚≈° Global Forum

Õ“√凮πµ‘π“ Õ“√凡‡π’¬ Õ“‡´Õ√å‰∫®—π Ω√—ßË ‡» ≠’ªË πÿÉ ¡“√奓°— °“√å √— ‡´’¬ µ√‘π·‘ ¥¥ & ‚µ‡∫‚° µÿ√°’ ·≈– À√“™Õ“≥“®—°√) ºŸ‡â ¢â“ ª√–™ÿ¡Õ◊πË §◊Õª√–∏“π§≥–∑”ß“π∑∫∑«π∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å «‘™“°“√ (Scientific Technical Review Panel : STRP) ·≈– ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’¢Ë Õß ”π—°ß“π‡≈¢“∏‘°“√Õπÿ ≠ — ≠“œ (‰¥â·°à ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√ √Õ߇≈¢“∏‘°“√ ·≈–ºŸªâ √– “πß“π¢Õß¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “§µà“ßÊ) ∑’ªË √–™ÿ¡§≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√ §√—ßÈ ∑’Ë 34 √—∫∑√“∫√“¬ß“π ¢Õ߇≈¢“∏‘°“√ √“¬ß“π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡√à«¡¢ÕßÕߧå°√æ—π∏¡‘µ√ ¢ÕßÕπÿ ≠ — ≠“ (International Organization Partners) ‰¥â·°à BirdLife International, IWMI Wetlands International, IUCN ·≈– WWF µ≈Õ¥®π√“¬ß“π°“√ª√–™ÿ¡¢Õß STRP Oversight Committee ·≈–„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫„π‡√◊ËÕßµà“ßÊ Õ—π‡ªìπ ª√–‚¬™πå¬ßË‘ µàÕ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π°“√Õπÿ√°— …å æ◊πÈ ∑’™Ë ¡ÿà πÈ” ¥—ßπ’È ■ ·µàßµ—ßÈ §≥–∑”ß“π™ÿ¥µà“ßÊ µ“¡¡µ‘¢Õß°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ¡—™™“ ¿“§’π ÿ ≠ — ≠“œ ¡—¬∑’Ë 9 §◊Õ ❖ Management Working Group ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ª√–‡∑» ¡“≈“«’ “∏“√≥√—∞ª√–™“™π®’π ∫“Œ“¡“ ´“¡—« ·§π“¥“ «‘µ‡´Õ√å·≈π¥å √— ‡´’¬ ≠’ªË πÿÉ WWF ·≈– BirdLife International. ❖ Subgroup on Strategic Plan ‡æ◊ÕË ∑”Àπâ“∑’¬Ë °√à“ß·ºπ

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∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

■ Formulated the Working Groups in accordance with the 9th COP Resolution ❖ Management Working Group, which is composed of Malawi, Peopleûs Republic of China, Bahamas, Chamoir, Canada, Switzerland, Russia, Japan, WWF, and Birdlife International ❖ Subgroup on Strategic Plan working on developing the convention's strategy (2009-2014), composed of Benin, Republic of Islamic Iran, Ecuador, the United States of America, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Birdlife International . ❖ Subgroup on the 10th COP, composed of Kenya, Thailand, Austria, El Savaldor, the United States of America, and Wetlands International. The Standing Committee also adopted the agenda for the 10th COP on 28 October - 4 November 2008.

■ Formation of the Oversight Panel for CEPA (Communication, Education and Public Awareness), whose work covers regulations approved by the 9th COP. The formation of the Oversight Panel for CEPA

°≈¬ÿ∑∏å¢ÕßÕπÿ ≠ — ≠“ ”À√—∫ªï §.». 2009 - 2014 ª√–°Õ∫ ¥â«¬ª√–‡∑» ‡∫π‘π “∏“≥√—∞Õ‘ ≈“¡Õ‘À√à“π ‡Õ°«“¥Õ√å À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ≠’˪ÿÉπ À√“™Õ“≥“®—°√ ·≈– BirdLife International ❖ Subgroup on COP 10 ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ª√–°Õ∫¥â«‡§π¬“ ‰∑¬ ÕÕ ‡µ√’¬ ‡Õ≈´“«“¥Õ√å À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ·≈– Wetlands International ·≈–‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫„Àâ¡’°“√®—¥ª√–™ÿ¡ ¡—™™“¿“§’Õπÿ ≠ — ≠“œ ¡—¬∑’Ë 10 √–À«à“ß«—π∑’Ë 28 µÿ≈“§¡ - 4 惻®‘°“¬π æ.». 2551 ■ „Àâ ¡’ ° “√·µà ß µ—È ß Oversight Panel ¥â “ π CEPA (Communication, Education and Public Awareness) ‚¥¬¡’ ¢Õ∫‡¢µ°“√∑”ß“πµ“¡¢â Õ °”Àπ¥∑’Ë ‡ ÀÁ π ™Õ∫®“°°“√ ª√–™ÿ¡ ¡—™™“¿“§’Õπÿ ≠ — ≠“œ ¡—¬∑’Ë 9 ·≈–„Àâ ”π—° ‡≈¢“∏‘°“√·®â߇«’¬π„ÀâÀπ૬ߓπª√– “πß“π°≈“ߢÕß¿“§’ ª√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ √—∫∑√“∫ ·≈–∂â“ π„®∑’®Ë –‡¢â“√à«¡„π Oversight Panel π’È °Á„Àâ·®âß ”π—°‡≈¢“∏‘°“√∑√“∫¥â«■ ‡ÀÁ π ™Õ∫„πÀ≈— ° ‡°≥±å ° “√®— ¥ √√ß∫ª√–¡“≥®“° Ramsar Small Grant Fund ”À√—∫ªïÀπ⓵“¡ OECD Development Assistance Committee List of Aid Recipients ‚¥¬®—¥≈”¥—∫§«“¡ ”§—≠§◊Õ ≈”¥—∫·√° ª√–‡∑»¿“§’∑’Ë æ—≤π“πâÕ¬∑’ Ë ¥ÿ (Least Developed Country Contracting Parties) ≈”¥—∫∑’Ë Õß ª√–‡∑»¿“§’Õ◊Ëπ∑’Ë¡’√“¬‰¥â√–¥—∫µË” (Other Low Income Contracting Parties) ≈”¥—∫∑’ Ë “¡ ª√–‡∑»¿“§’∑¡’Ë √’ “¬‰¥â√–¥—∫°≈“ߵ˔ (Lower Middle Income Contracting Parties) (ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬Õ¬Ÿ„à π°≈ÿ¡à π’)È ·≈–≈”¥—∫∑’ Ë ’Ë ª√–‡∑»¿“§’∑¡’Ë √’ “¬‰¥â√–¥—∫°≈“ß Ÿß (Upper Middle Income Contracting Parties) ·≈–À“°¡’ß∫ª√–¡“≥‡À≈◊Õ„Àâ殑 “√≥“ ‚§√ß°“√∑’ Ë ÕߢÕß Least Developed Country Contracting Parties °àÕπ ·≈â«®÷ßæ‘®“√≥“„Àâ≈”¥—∫Õ◊πË Ê µàÕ‰ª ®π°«à“®–∂÷ß°“√ª√–™ÿ¡ ¡—™™“¿“§’ ¡—¬∑’Ë 10 §◊Õ Õ’° 2 ªï¢“â ßÀπâ“ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬®–µâÕß àߺŸ·â ∑π‡¢â“√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡ §≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√µàÕ‰ª √–À«à“ß™à«ß‡«≈“π—πÈ ª√–‡∑» ‰∑¬®–µâÕ߇√àߥ”‡π‘π°“√Õπÿ√°— …åæπ◊È ∑’™Ë ¡ÿà πȔլà“߇µÁ¡§«“¡ “¡“√∂ ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°°“√∑’‡Ë √“‰¥â√∫— °“√ π—∫ πÿπ„À⇪ìπºŸ·â ∑π ¢Õß¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “§„π§≥–°√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√ °Á‡æ√“–‡√“‰¥â· ¥ß„Àâ ¿“§’ÕπË◊ ‰¥â∑√“∫«à“ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π„π¥â“ππ’È Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß·≈–‰¥â√∫— º≈ ”‡√Á®æÕ§«√ ”À√—∫∫π‡«∑’‚≈° ¥â“π°“√Õπÿ√°— …åππ—È °“√· ¥ß§«“¡‡ªìπºŸπâ ” ¡‘„™à·§à°“√查 À√◊Õ· ¥ß§«“¡‡ÀÁπ„π∑’˪√–™ÿ¡ À√◊Õ°“√· ¥ß∑à“∑’¢Õß ª√–‡∑»·µà‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«‡∑à“π—πÈ º≈°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµà“ßÀ“° ∑’·Ë ¥ßÕÕ°∂÷ߧ«“¡‡ªìπºŸπâ ”·≈– ¡§«√‰¥â√∫— §«“¡‡™◊ÕË ∂◊Õ ·≈–°“√¬°¬àÕß À“°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬µâÕß°“√√—°…“¿“æ≈—°…≥å∑’Ë¥’‰«âµàÕ‰ª ∑ÿ°Àπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß∑—Èß¿“§√—∞ ¿“§‡Õ°™π Õߧå°√ æ—≤π“‡Õ°™π ·≈–ª√–™“™π®–µâÕß√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π∑”ß“π„Àâ ¡“°¢÷πÈ µàÕ‰ª ■

wil be announced by the Office of the Secretariat to the Coordinating Office of member countries for voluntary membership.

■ Approved the concept of the 2007 budget allocation of Ramsar Small Grant Fund proposed by OECD Development Assistance Committee List of Aid Recipients. The allocation priorities are as follows: first priority - Least Developed Country Contracting Parties; second - Other Low Income Contracting Parties; third - Lower Middle Income Contracting Parties (Thailand is in this group.); and fourth - Upper Middle Income Contracting Parties. In case of a budget surplus, the second project proposed by the Least Developed Country Contracting Parties wil be considered first, followed by the next priority.

Thailand wil be joining the Standing Committee meeting in the next two years.

With its election as a Standing Committee member, Thailand has to demonstrate its capability in implementing wetland conservation. At the international conference, leadership has been manifested not only in speaking out, offering comments, and demonstrating expressions of intent. Real leadership is measured against the progress in implementation and the respect and admiration gained from other countries. Therefore, if Thailand would like to keep its leadership role, all agencies, including the government, private sector, NGOs, and the public, have to join hands and work together ■

∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑Thailandûs Nature and Environment

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ªØ‘∑π‘ °‘®°√√¡ Activity Calendar

¡‘∂πÿ “¬π 2549 - °—𬓬π 2549 June 2006 - September 2006 ¡‘∂πÿ “¬π 2549

June 2006

‘ßÀ“§¡ 2549

August 2006

ª√–™ÿ¡ —¡¡π“√–¥¡§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ‚§√ß°“√®—¥∑”·π«∑“ß °“√®—¥ °“√Õπÿ√—°…åæ—≤π“·≈–øóôπøŸ§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– »‘≈ª°√√¡ª√–‡¿∑∂È” „πæ◊πÈ ∑’≈Ë ¡àÿ πÈ”∑–‡≈ “∫ ߢ≈“ ¿“¬„µâ ‚§√ß°“√∫Ÿ√≥–ª√—∫ª√ÿß¿Ÿ¡∑‘ »— πå·≈–§ÿ¡â §√Õß‚∫√“≥ ∂“π≈ÿ¡à πÈ” ∑–‡≈ “∫ ߢ≈“ §√—ßÈ ∑’Ë 2 ≥ ®—ßÀ«—¥æ—∑≈ÿß / Second Brainstorming Seminar for Preparation of Guidelines for Management, Conservation, Development and Restoration of Natural and Cultural Environmental Quality for Caves in Songkhla Lake Basin Area, under the project.

Renovation of Landscape and Protection of Archaeological Sites in Songkhla Lake Basin at Phatthalung Province

Õ∫√¡À≈—° Ÿµ√∑’Ë 1 : À≈—°°“√·≈–·π«∑“ߢÕß°≈‰°°“√‡º¬·æ√à ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√ ·≈–°“√®—¥°“√¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√§«“¡À≈“°À≈“∑“ß™’«¿“æ·≈–§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ ≥ ÀâÕߪ√–™ÿ¡ º.

Training Course No. 1: Principles and Guidelines for Biodiversity and Bio-safety Clearing House Mechanisms and Information Management at ONEP meeting room

4-6 °√°Æ“§¡ 2549

‘ßÀ“§¡ 2549

4-6 July 2006

‘ßÀ“§¡ 2549

August 2006

Õ∫√¡À≈—° Ÿµ√∑’Ë 2 : ‡∑§π‘§°“√®—¥∑”·≈–®—¥‡°Á∫∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ≥ ÀâÕߪ√–™ÿ¡ º. / Training Course No. 2: Database Development and Storage Techniques at ONEP meeting room August 2006

Õ∫√¡‡™‘ߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ ‡√◊ËÕß°“√æ—≤𓇧√◊Õ¢à“¬‡æ◊ËÕ°“√Õπÿ√—°…å ‘ßË ·«¥≈âÕ¡∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈–»‘≈ª°√√¡∑âÕß∂‘πË µ“¡√–∫∫ CECS §√—ßÈ ∑’Ë 4 ¿“§°≈“ß·≈–¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ° ≥ ®—ßÀ«—¥æ√–π§√»√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“ / Fourth Training Workshop on the Development of Local Networks for Natural and Cultural Environmental Conservation under the CECS System: Central Plain and Eastern Regions at Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province

ª√–™ÿ¡«‘™“°“√‡æ◊ÕË æ‘®“√≥“„Àâ¢Õâ §‘¥‡ÀÁπ‡°’¬Ë «°—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√·æ√à √–∫“¥ ·≈–®—¥∑”¡“µ√°“√·≈–°≈‰°°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°”®—¥™π‘¥ æ—π∏ÿµå “à ß∂‘πË ∑’√Ë °ÿ √“π ≥ ÀâÕߪ√–™ÿ¡ º. / Technical Conference to brainstorm on the Distribution and Development of Measures and Mechanisms for Invasive Alien Species Management at ONEP meeting room

°√°Æ“§¡ 2549

‘ßÀ“§¡ 2549

July 2006

ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–°√√¡°“√µ√«® Õ∫°“√®—¥∑’¥Ë π‘ µ“¡æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ®‘ ¥— ∑’¥Ë π‘ ‡æ◊ÕË °“√§√Õß™’æ æ.». 2511 ≥ ÀâÕߪ√–™ÿ¡ º. / Meeting of the Committee on Land Allocation Investigation under the Land Allocation for Livelihood Act of 1968 at ONEP meeting room °√°Æ“§¡ 2549

July 2006

ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–°√√¡°“√æ‘®“√≥“°≈—πË °√Õߥâ“π°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√ ∑’¥Ë π‘ ≥ ÀâÕߪ√–™ÿ¡ º. / Meeting of the Screening Committee on Land Administration at ONEP meeting room °√°Æ“§¡ 2549

July 2006

Õ∫√¡‡∑§π‘§°“√ ”√«®¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ : —µ«åª“É Training on Survey Techniques for Biodiversity Data: Wildlife °√°Æ“§¡ 2549

July 2006

ª√–™ÿ ¡ §≥–∑”ß“π∑’Ë ª √÷ ° …“·≈–°”°— ∫ ‚§√ß°“√°“√®— ¥ ∑” °√Õ∫ß“π·Ààß™“µ‘«à“¥â«¬§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ §√—Èß∑’Ë 6/2549 ≥ ÀâÕߪ√–™ÿ¡ º. / The sixth Meeting for 2006 of the Advisory and Steering Working Group for the project, Development of National Bio-safety Frameworks at the ONEP meeting room °√°Æ“§¡ 2549

July 2006

ª√–™ÿ¡µ‘¥µ“¡°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡‚ª√·°√¡ß“πÕπÿ —≠≠“«à“ ¥â«¬§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ ≥ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ / Meeting to follow-up the implementation of work programs for the Convention on Biological Diversity in Bangkok ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2549

August 2006

ª√–™ÿ¡ —¡¡π“‡æ◊ÕË æ‘®“√≥“√à“ß√“¬ß“π©∫—∫ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‚§√ß°“√ µ‘¥µ“¡ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√¿“¬„µâ·ºπß∫ª√–¡“≥ „π‡™‘ß∫Ÿ√≥“°“√æ—≤π“≈ÿ¡à πÈ”∑–‡≈ “∫ ߢ≈“ ‚¥¬°“√¡’ «à π√à«¡ ¢Õß™ÿ¡™π ≥ ®—ßÀ«—¥ ߢ≈“ / Seminar to consider the draft final report on Monitoring and Evaluation of the Implementation of Projects under the Integrated Budget Plan for the Participatory Development of Songkhla Lake Basin at Songkhla Province

August 2006

ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–∑”ß“π∑’ªË √÷°…“·≈–°”°—∫‚§√ß°“√®—¥∑”°√Õ∫ß“π ·Ààß™“µ‘«“à ¥â«¬§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ §√—ßÈ ∑’Ë 7/2549 ≥ ÀâÕߪ√–™ÿ¡ º. / The seventh Meeting for 2006 of the Advisory and Steering Working Group for the project, Development of National Bio-safety Frameworks at the ONEP meeting room ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2549

August 2006

ª√–™ÿ¡µ‘¥µ“¡°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πµ“¡‚ª√·°√¡ß“πÕπÿ —≠≠“«à“ ¥â«¬§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ ≥ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ / Meeting to follow-up the implementation of work programs for the Convention on Biological Diversity in Bangkok °—𬓬π 2549

September 2006

Õ∫√¡‡∑§π‘§°“√π”‡¢â“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“∞“π ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§«“¡ À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ / Training Course on biodiversity database input and maintenance °—𬓬π 2549

September 2006

ª√–™ÿ¡§≥–∑”ß“π∑’ªË √÷°…“·≈–°”°—∫‚§√ß°“√®—¥∑”°√Õ∫ß“π ·Ààß™“µ‘«“à ¥â«¬§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ §√—ßÈ ∑’Ë 8/2549 ≥ ÀâÕߪ√–™ÿ¡ º. / The eighth Meeting for 2006 of the Advisory and Steering Working Group for the project, Development of National Bio-safety Frameworks at ONEP meeting room °—𬓬π 2549

September 2006

ª√–™ÿ¡ªî¥‚§√ß°“√§ÿ¡â §√Õß·≈–®—¥°“√æ◊πÈ ∑’™Ë ¡ÿà πÈ” : °“√¥”‡π‘π ß“πµ“¡Õπÿ ≠ — ≠“«à“¥â«¬æ◊πÈ ∑’™Ë ¡ÿà πÈ” (Implementation of the Ramsar Convention Management and Protection of Wetland Areas : MPW DANIDA) ≥ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ / Closing Meeting for the project Implementation of the Ramsar Convention: Management and Protection of Wetland Areas (MPW DANIDA) in Bangkok