/TNE-51-v3 by Prajakchai Adkonghand

¡‹Í¹¨Ð» ´àÅ‹Á I Epilogue »ÃÐªÒª¹áÅÐ·Ò§ÃÒª¡ÒÃ «Öè§Ê‹§¼ÅÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÔè§µ‹ÍàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ ÊÑ§¤Á áÅÐ¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§»ÃÐªÒª¹ »˜ÞËÒ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¨Ö§¶×Íà»š¹ÇÔ¡ÄµÔ¢Í§ »ÃÐà·È·Õè¨íÒà»š¹µŒÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃ¿„œ¹¿Ùà¾×èÍãËŒ¡ÅÑºÊÙ‹ÊÀÒ¾à´ÔÁâ´Â àÃ‹§´‹Ç¹ ´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃÇÒ§á¼¹»‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒÍÂ‹Ò§¶Ù¡ÇÔ¸Õ áÅÐ à»š¹ÃÐºº â´ÂÍÒÈÑÂ¤ÇÒÁÃ‹ÇÁÁ×Í¢Í§·Ø¡½†ÒÂ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ ã¹©ºÑº¹Õàé ÃÒ¢Íá¹Ð¹íÒË¹Ñ§Ê×Í “Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³ ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜§› Í‹ÒÇä·Â·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÇÔ¡ÄµÔ” «Öè§¨Ñ´·íÒâ´Â ¡Í§µÔ´µÒÁ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼Å ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à¹×Íé ËÒã¹àÅ‹Áà»š¹¡ÒÃ¹íÒàÊ¹Í¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐ¢ŒÍà·ç¨¨ÃÔ§à¡ÕÂè Ç¡ÑºÊ¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³ ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹¾×é¹·Õèµ‹Ò§æ ¢Í§Í‹ÒÇä·Â â´Âà©¾ÒÐ ¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÀÒÇÐÇÔ¡ÄµÔ «Öè§ä´Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÇºÃÇÁ àÍ¡ÊÒÃ·Ò§ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ·Õàè ¡ÕÂè Ç¢ŒÍ§ áÅÐ¡ÒÃÊíÒÃÇ¨¾×¹é ·Õãè ¹ÀÒ¤Ê¹ÒÁ ¹Í¡ ¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÊÒàËµØáÅÐ»ÃÐà´ç¹»˜ÞËÒ·Õè·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐ äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨Ðà»š¹ÊÒàËµØ¨Ò¡¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐ¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·íÒ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§ ¹íÒàÊ¹Í¼Å¡ÃÐ·º¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§µ‹ÍÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈ àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ áÅÐÊÑ§¤Á µÅÍ´¨¹¹íÒàÊ¹Í¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒ ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¢Í§Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹µ‹Ò§æ ·Ñ§é ÀÒ¤ÃÑ°ÀÒ¤àÍ¡ª¹ ÃÇÁ·Ñ§é »ÃÐªÒª¹ ã¹¾×é¹·Õè ÍÕ¡·Ñé§ÂÑ§ä´Œ¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐá¡Œä¢ »˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜§› ¢Í§»ÃÐà·È «Ö§è »ÃÐ¡Íº´ŒÇÂà»‡ÒËÁÒÂËÅÑ¡ á¹Ç·Ò§ áÅÐÁÒµÃ¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ã¹àÃ×èÍ§´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¹íÒàÊ¹Í ¢ŒÍ¤Ô´àËç¹áÅÐ¢ŒÍàÊ¹Íá¹Ðã¹¡ÒÃá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§ à¾×èÍãËŒË¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¹íÒä»¾Ô¨ÒÃ³Ò»ÃÐ¡Íº¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ »‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹µ‹Íä» ËÒ¡·‹Ò¹Ê¹ã¨ÊÒÁÒÃ¶µÔ´µ‹Íä´Œ·Õè ¡ÅØ‹Á§Ò¹µÔ´µÒÁ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹ Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³ ¡Í§µÔ´µÒÁ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼Å ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹ ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ËÃ×Í download ä´Œ·Õè http:// www.onep.go.th/download/thai_bay_erosion.pdfß

impact on our society, economy, and people’s quality of life. As a result, coastal erosion has made its way onto the nation’s priority list and needs to be urgently addressed through a prevention and resolution scheme involving all stakeholders. Here, we would like to introduce the interesting book titled “Critical Stage of Coastal Erosion along the Gulf of Thailand” published by the Monitoring and Evaluation Division, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The publication provides alarming facts and information about the state of coastal erosion, with a focus on the severely eroded areas along the Gulf of Thailand, compiled from both academic papers and field surveys. The causes and factors that drive coastal erosion, whether natural or man - made, are also presented here along with the socio - economic and ecological impacts. Moreover, the publication outlines the prevention and resolution programs implemented by public and private authorities as well as local community remedial efforts. Prevention and resolution strategies on coastal erosion, complete with objectives, guidelines, and operational measures, along with opinions and recommendations concerning the topic are also included for consideration by related authorities. The publication can be requested from the State of the Monitoring and Evaluation Group, Monitoring and Evaluation Division, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning,or downloaded from http://www.onep.go.th/download/thai_bay_erosion.pdf.ß

º·ºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ Editorial Notes

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l nations alike take pride in national assets like natural environment, cultures, traditions, and historical sites - or in other words, things that convey unique identity and pride of the citizens. Every nation has its own history of determination and actions to protect, preserve, and hand down these national assets from generation to generation, reﬂecting the invaluable lines of civilization born and intertwined on this very planet as well. Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal, therefore, joins the rest of the world in celebrating such priceless assets and brings to you articles about how the natural environment, cultures, traditions, and historical sites are managed and handled by local communities and countries around the world. Nevertheless, each conservation, protection, and prevention approach presented here cannot be accomplished without the selﬂess commitment and cooperation from the people in the community as well as from the other parts of society, i.e. public and private sectors and independent groups. The editorial team sincerely hopes that this journal’s contents would bring about a better understanding of issues facing the aforementioned national assets and enable our readers to consider the appropriate ways to preserve them for our next generation.

ÀÒ¾¨Ò¡»¡ Cover Picture ÀÒ¾â´Â ¾§É ¾Å ÇÔ¹Ô¨¼Å Photo : Pongpol Vinitphon

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CONTENTS Ü

º·ºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ / Editorial 05 ÀÒ¾¢‹ÒÇ News Feature

º·ÊÑÁÀÒÉ³ / Interview

10 “á¹Ç¤Ô´ÁØÁÁÍ§¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃáËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹” Sustainable Management of World Heritage Sites

º·¤ÇÒÁ¾ÔàÈÉ / Special

14 “ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡” ÁÃ´¡àÃÒ ÁÃ´¡à¢Ò ÁÃ´¡ã¤Ã? “World Heritage” Ours, Theirs, Or Whose?

20 ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ : ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¡Ñº¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ The International Day for Biological Diversity : Biological Diversity and Agriculture 24 ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·íÒÃŒÒÂàÃÒ ËÃ×Í àÃÒ·íÒÃŒÒÂ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ Natural Disasters - the Fault of Man or Nature? 28 ¡ÒÃãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹ ¨Ò¡¢ŒÍÁÙÅÊÒÃÊ¹à·ÈÀÙÁÔÈÒÊµÃ ã¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂµÑÇ¢Í§ áËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³¤´Õã¹ºÃÔàÇ³àÇÕÂ§ÅÍ ÍíÒàÀÍ¨Ø¹ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´¾ÐàÂÒ Geographic Information System Application in the Study of the Distribution of Archeological Sites in the Area of Wiang Lo, Joon District, Prayao Province 32 ÍÂØ¸ÂÒ..ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡..ÁÃ´¡àÃÒ Ayutthaya ... World Heritage ... Our Heritage 34 á¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¹ÃÙŒ¢Í§ªØÁª¹ Cultural Heritage Atlas and Socialization 38 àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ÃÒ¡°Ò¹ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§ÊÑ§¤Áä·Â Old Towns: the Foundation of Thai Society

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáÅÐÁÅ¾ÔÉ / Environment and Pollution

44 ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈÇÔ·ÂÒã¹Í´Õµ¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ Study of an Early Ecosystem of Cultural Heritage 48 Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ / Balance and Diverse

¡‹Í¹¨Ð» ´àÅ‹Á / Epilogue

50 á¹Ð¹íÒË¹Ñ§Ê×Í “Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³ ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§Í‹ÒÇä·Â ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÇÔ¡ÄµÔ” Book Review “Critical Stage of Coastal Erosion along the Gulf of Thailand”

¢ŒÍ¤Ô´àËç¹áÅÐ¢ŒÍàÊ¹Íã´æ ·Õè¹ÓàÊ¹Íã¹º·¤ÇÒÁµ‹Ò§æ à»š¹¢Í§¼ÙŒà¢ÕÂ¹ All comments and recommendations in this journal are exclusively of the authors

ÀÒ¾¢‹ÒÇ I News Feature

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News Feature

1. áÅÐÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹ÁÍºÃÒ§ÇÑÅ»ÃÐ¡Ç´ÀÒ¾¶‹ÒÂ áÅÐà» ´§Ò¹áÊ´§

¹Ô·ÃÃÈ¡ÒÃÀÒ¾¶‹ÒÂàªÔ§Í¹ØÃÑ¡É “¡ Ò« àÃ×Í¹¡ÃÐ¨¡” ³ ÈÙ¹Â ¡ÒÃ¤ŒÒÊÂÒÁ¾ÒÃÒ¡Í¹ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 1 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551 Mrs. Anongwan Thepsuthin, Natural Resources and Environment Minister, presided over “Green House Gases”, an environmental conservation photo exhibition, and awarded prizes to the winners of the photo contest at Siam Paragon shopping complex on July 1st, 2008. ´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ ¨Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

2. ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁà»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹ã¹¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÊÑÁÁ¹Ò “à¾×èÍªÕéá¨§

á¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒá¼¹»®ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃà¾×èÍ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁã¹ÃÐ´Ñº¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ »‚§º»ÃÐÁÒ³ ¾.È. 2553” ãËŒá¡‹¼ÙŒ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¨Ò¡Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹µ‹Ò§æ ³ âÃ§áÃÁ à«ç¹¨ÙÃÕè¾ÒÃ ¤ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 22 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551 Dr. Kasemsun Chinnavaso, ONEP Secretary - General, presided over the seminar on “Setting a Provincial Environmental Quality Management Action Plan for Fiscal Year 2010” for participants from concerned agencies at Century Park Hotel, Bangkok, on July 22nd, 2008. ´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ ¨Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

3. ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ áÅÐ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÊØ·¸ÔÅ¡Ñ É³ ÃÐÇÔÇÃÃ³ ÃÍ§àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ

¾ÃŒÍÁ¼ÙºŒ ÃÔËÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡/¡Í§ãËŒ¡ÒÃµŒÍ¹ÃÑº·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ ·Õèä´ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃáµ‹§µÑé§ãËÁ‹ 16 ¤¹ (¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´) ã¹âÍ¡ÒÊà¢ŒÒàÂÕèÂÁªÁÈÖ¡ÉÒ´Ù§Ò¹ ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ áÅÐ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹´ŒÒ¹µ‹Ò§æ µÒÁÀÒÃ¡Ô¨¢Í§ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹Ï ·Õàè ¡ÕÂè Ç¢ŒÍ§¡ÑºÀÒÃ¡Ô¨¢Í§ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ áÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 23 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á 2551 Dr. Kasemsun Chinnavaso - ONEP Secretary - General and Ms. Suthilak Rawiwan - Deputy Secretary - General, along with the executive of the Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), welcomed 16 newly - assigned provincial natural resource and environmental oﬃcers during their visit to ONEP to observe ONEP natural resource and environmental management programs related to a provincial mission on July 23rd, 2008. ´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ ¨Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

4. ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹à» ´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÊÑÁÁ¹Ò àÃ×èÍ§

“¡ÒÃá»Å§ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ áË‹§ªÒµÔ Ç‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¡ÒÈ ¾.È. 2551 - 2555 ä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔÀÒ¤µÐÇÑ¹ÍÍ¡” ¾ÃŒÍÁÍÀÔ»ÃÒÂ àÃ×èÍ§ “ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ áË‹§ªÒµÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¾.È. 2551 áÅÐ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃá»Å§á¼¹ä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ” ³ âÃ§áÃÁà´ÍÐä·´ ÃÕÊÍÃ · ºÒ§áÊ¹ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ªÅºØÃÕ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 9 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á 2551 Dr. Kasemsun Chinnavaso, ONEP Secretary - General, presided over the seminar on “Implementing the National Strategy on Climate Change Management, 2008 - 2012 - Eastern Region” and gave a lecture on “National Strategy on Climate Change Management 2008 and Implementation Process” at The Tide Resort, Bang San, Chon Buri, on July 9th, 2008.

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal ¹Ò§»ÃÐàÊÃÔ°ÊØ¢ ¨ÒÁÃÁÒ¹ ¼ÙÍŒ Òí ¹ÇÂ¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ

5. áË‹§ªÒµÔ à» ´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÊÑÁÁ¹Ò àÃ×èÍ§ “¡ÒÃá»Å§ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ áË‹§ªÒµÔ

Ç‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¾.È. 2551 - 2555 ä»ÊÙ‹ ¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ “¤ÃÑé§·Õè 3 ÀÒ¤àË¹×Í ¾ÃŒÍÁºÃÃÂÒÂáÅÐÃÑº¿˜§¤ÇÒÁàËç¹ àÃ×èÍ§ “ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ áË‹§ªÒµÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¾.È. 2551 áÅÐ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃá»Å§á¼¹ä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ” ³ âÃ§áÃÁâÅµÑÊ»Ò§ÊÇ¹á¡ŒÇ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ àªÕÂ§ãËÁ‹ ÇÑ¹·Õè 16 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551 Mrs. Prasertsuk Jamorn - marn, Director of National Environmental Board, presided the 3rd seminar on “Implementing National Strategy on Climate Change Management 2008 - 2012 - Northern Region” and gave a lecture on “National Strategy on Climate Change Management 2008 and Implementation Process” at Lotus Pang Suan Kaew Hotel, Chiang Mai, on July 16th, 2008. ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ»ÃÐªØÁ

6. ÊÑÁÁ¹ÒªÕéá¨§ “á¼¹»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃàªÔ§¹âÂºÒÂ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¾×é¹·ÕèÊÕà¢ÕÂÇ

ªØÁª¹àÁ×Í§ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹áÅÐ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐÊÒ¹¡ÒÃ¹íÒá¼¹Ï ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ” à¾×èÍãËŒ ·Ø¡ÀÒ¤Ê‹Ç¹·Õàè ¡ÕÂè Ç¢ŒÍ§ ä´ŒÃºÑ ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÒã¨µ‹Íá¼¹»¯ÔºµÑ ¡Ô ÒÃàªÔ§¹âÂºÒÂ´ŒÒ¹ ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¾×¹é ·ÕÊè àÕ ¢ÕÂÇÏ ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒä»»¯ÔºµÑ ·Ô àèÕ »š¹ÃÙ»¸ÃÃÁä´ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ â´ÂÁÕ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÊØ·¸ÔÅÑ¡É³ ÃÐÇÔÇÃÃ³ ÃÍ§àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹ ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹à» ´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÊÑÁÁ¹Ò´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ ³ âÃ§áÃÁàÍàªÕÂ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 22 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551 The Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) held a seminar on “Action Plan and Policy on Sustainable Management of Urban Green Area and the Bridge to Implementation” for all concerned sectors to improve understanding and knowledge of the action plan and policy on Sustainable Management of Urban Green Space, leading to an eﬃcient plan realization. Ms. Suthiluk Raviwan - ONEP Deputy Secretary - General, presided over the seminar at Asia Hotel, Bangkok, on July 22nd, 2008. ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ã¹°Ò¹Ð 7. Ë¹‹ ÇÂ»ÃÐÊÒ¹§Ò¹¡ÅÒ§Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¾×é¹·ÕèªØ‹Á¹éíÒ ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃá¶Å§¢‹ÒÇà¾×èÍ

à»š¹à¡ÕÂÃµÔá¡‹¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃä·Âä´ŒÃÑºÃÒ§ÇÑÅ Ramsar Wetland Conservation Awards »ÃÐ¨íÒ»‚ 2008 â´ÂÁÕ´Ã.ÈÑ¡´ ÊÔ·¸Ôì µÃÕà´ª »ÅÑ´¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹á¶Å§¢‹ÒÇáÅÐÃ‹ÇÁáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁÂÔ¹´Õ¡Ñº ÃÈ.´Ã. ÈÑ¹Ê¹ÕÂ ªÙáÇÇ «Öè§à»š¹¼ÙŒä´ŒÃÑºÃÒ§ÇÑÅ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ ÊÒ¢Ò¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ³ ËŒÍ§»ÃÐªØÁ 301 ÍÒ¤ÒÃ¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉ àÁ×Íè ÇÑ¹·Õè 22 ¡Ã¡¯Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551 As the coordinating agency for Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, the Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) held a press conference for Associate Professor Dr. Sansanee Choowaew, a Thai academic awarded a Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award 2008 in the ﬁeld of Education. Dr. Saksit Tridech Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, presided over the press conference and congratulated her at the Conference Room 301, Pollution Control Department, on July 22nd, 2008. ´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ ¨Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¡Å‹ÒÇà» ´¡ÒÃÊÑÁÁ¹ÒàÊÃÔÁÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ

8. á¡‹à¨ŒÒË¹ŒÒ·ÕèÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹Ï ã¹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔµÒÁ ¾.Ã.º. ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¢‹ÒÇÊÒÃ¢Í§ÃÒª¡ÒÃ ¾.È. 2540 «Öè§ä´ŒÃÑºà¡ÕÂÃµÔ¨Ò¡ ´Ã.¹¤Ã àÊÃÕÃÑ¡É ¼ÙŒàªÕèÂÇªÒÞ´ŒÒ¹

¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¢‹ÒÇÊÒÃ ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡¹ÒÂ¡ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ à»š¹ÇÔ·ÂÒ¡Ã â´ÂÁÕ¼ÙŒà¢ŒÒÃ‹ÇÁÊÑÁÁ¹Ò 200 ¡Ç‹Ò¤¹ ³ ËŒÍ§»ÃÐªØÁÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 25 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551 Dr. Kasemsun Chinnavaso, ONEP Secretary - General, gave the opening speech for the seminar on “Compliance with the Oﬃcial Information Act, 1997” by Dr. Nakorn Serirak, Information Expert, Oﬃce of the Prime Minister. Over 200 participants attended the seminar at ONEP Conference room on July 25th, 2008.

ÀÒ¾¢‹ÒÇ I News Feature ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à´Ô¹Ë¹ŒÒ

9. ÃÑº¿˜§¤ÇÒÁàËç¹ àÃ×èÍ§ “¡ÒÃá»Å§ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ áË‹§ªÒµÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ

¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¾.È. 2551 - 2555 ä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ” ¤ÃÑé§·Õè 4 ã¹ÀÒ¤ãµŒ «Öè§ä´ŒÃÑºà¡ÕÂÃµÔ¨Ò¡ ÃÍ§¼ÙŒÇ‹ÒÃÒª¡ÒÃ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÊØÃÒÉ¯Ã ¸Ò¹Õ à»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹ à» ´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÊÑÁÁ¹Ò â´ÂÁÕ ´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ ¨Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹ ¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ºÃÃÂÒÂ¾ÔàÈÉ ã¹ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ àÃ×èÍ§ “ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ áË‹§ªÒµÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¾.È. 2551 áÅÐ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃá»Å§á¼¹ä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ” ³ âÃ§áÃÁ ä´ÁÍ¹¾ÅÒ«‹Ò ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÊØÃÒÉ¯Ã ¸Ò¹ÕàÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 28 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551 The Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) held the 4th seminar on “Implementing the National Strategy on Climate Change Management, 2008 - 2012 - Southern Region”. The Deputy Governor of Surat Thani presided over the seminar and Dr. Kasemsun Chinnavaso, Secretary - General of ONEP, gave a special lecture on “National Strategy on Climate Change Management, 2008 and Implementation Process” at Diamond Plaza Hotel, Surat Thani, on July 28th, 2008. ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÃ‹ Ç Á¡Ñ º

10. ÁÙÅ¹Ô¸ÔÊ¶ÒºÑ¹ÇÔ¨ÑÂà¾×èÍ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò»ÃÐà·Èä·Â áÅÐºÃÔÉÑ· ¨ÕàÍçÁ·Õ

¤ÍÃ »ÍàÃªÑè¹ ¨íÒ¡Ñ´ ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁàªÔ§»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃàÃ×èÍ§ “Ã‹Ò§ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ ¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ·Õè´Ô¹ : ¡ÒÃÇÒ§á¼¹¡ÒÃ¶×Í¤ÃÍ§·Õè´Ô¹ ¡ÒÃÊ§Ç¹áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹Ò·Õè´Ô¹ áÅÐ¡ÒÃÊ§Ç¹ËÃ×ÍËÇ§ËŒÒÁ·Õè´Ô¹¢Í§ÃÑ°” à¾×èÍ¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÃ‹Ò§ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ ¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ·Õ´è ¹Ô áÅÐÃÑº¿˜§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹ ¢ŒÍàÊ¹Íá¹Ðµ‹ÍÃ‹Ò§ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ â´Â¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ ÁÕÊ‹Ç¹Ã‹ÇÁ ³ âÃ§áÃÁàÃ´ÔÊÑ¹ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 14 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á ¾.È. 2551 ·Õè¼‹Ò¹ÁÒ The Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) in cooperation with Thailand Development Research Institute Foundation (TDRI) and GMT Corporation, Co., Ltd. held a workshop on “Draft of Land Management Strategy : Land Ownership Planning, Land Conservation and Development, and Protecting the Property of the State” to present the draft of the Land Management Strategy and gather useful suggestions through interactive means at Radisson Hotel, Bangkok, on August 14th, 2008. ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÊØ·¸ÔÅÑ¡É³ ÃÐÇÔÇÃÃ³ ÃÍ§àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐ

11. á¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹à» ´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁàªÔ§

»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃ àÃ×èÍ§ “»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¡Ñº¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹´ŒÒ¹¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾” áÅÐºÃÃÂÒÂ¾ÔàÈÉ ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ “¡ÃÍº§Ò¹áË‹§ªÒµÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â” ³ âÃ§áÃÁÃÒÁÒ¡ÒÃ à´Œ¹ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 15 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á ¾.È. 2551 Ms. Suthiluk Raviwan - ONEP Deputy Secretary - General, presided over the workshop on “Thailand and Biological Safety Measures” and gave a special lecture on “National Framework for Thailand’s Biological Safety” at Rama Garden Hotel, Bangkok, on August 15th, 2008.

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal ¹ÒÂÇÔàªÕÂÃ ¨Ø§‹ ÃØ§‹ àÃ×Í§ ÃÍ§àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

12. ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁà»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹à» ´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÃÑº¿˜§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹

àÃ×Íè § “¡ÒÃ¡íÒË¹´»ÃÐàÀ·â¤Ã§¡ÒÃËÃ×Í¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ·ÕÍè Ò¨¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¼Å¡ÃÐ·ºµ‹ÍªØÁª¹ ÍÂ‹Ò§ÃØ¹áÃ§ ·Ñé§·Ò§´ŒÒ¹¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊØ¢ÀÒ¾Ï” «Öè§ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹Ï ¨Ñ´¢Öé¹ à¾×èÍ¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÊÃØ»¼Å¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÃÑº¿˜§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹Ï ·Õèä´ŒÃÑº ¨Ò¡ÀÒ¤»ÃÐªÒª¹ã¹ 4 ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡ÒÃÃÑº¿˜§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁ ³ âÃ§áÃÁàÍàªÕÂ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 8 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á ¾.È. 2551 Mr. Wichien Jungrungruang, ONEP Deputy Secretary - General, presided over the conference on “Categorizing Projects or Activities That Entail Severe Community Impacts in Natural Resource, Environmental, and Health Aspects” held by ONEP to present the summary of public opinion from four regions and to gather additional opinions at Asia Hotel, Bangkok, on August 8th, 2008. ¹Ò§¨Ô¹µ¹Ò ·ÇÕÁÒ ¼ÙŒàªÕèÂÇªÒÞ´ŒÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à» ´¡ÒÃÊÑÁÁ¹ÒàÃÔèÁ

13. â¤Ã§¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒÃÒÂ§Ò¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ ©ºÑº·Õè 2 ³ âÃ§áÃÁà«ç¹¨ÙÃÕè »ÒÃ ¤

¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 14 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á 2551 Mrs. Chintana Thaweema, Senior Environmental Planning Expert, led the project kick - off seminar on National Report - 2nd edition preparation - at Century Park Hotel, Bangkok, on August 14th, 2008. àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 21 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á ¾.È. 2551 ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹

14. ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃÊÑÁÁ¹Ò·ÔÈ·Ò§¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹

¢Í§ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹Ï à¾×Íè áÅ¡à»ÅÕÂè ¹¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ ÀÒÂËÅÑ§¡ÒÃ¹íÒàÊ¹Íá¼¹§Ò¹¢Í§ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡/¡Í§ ´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ ¨Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃä´ŒÁÍº¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµ§Ô Ò¹ ãËŒá¡‹à¨ŒÒË¹ŒÒ·Õ¢è Í§ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹Ï ·Ø¡ÃÐ´Ñº ³ âÃ§áÃÁà´ÍÐä·´ ÃÕÊÍÃ · ºÒ§áÊ¹ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ªÅºØÃÕ On August 21st, 2008, the Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) held a seminar on “ONEP Operational Direction for Information Exchange”. After all proposals were presented, Dr. Kasemsun Chinnavaso Secretary - General of ONEP, gave a speech on “Policy and Operational Guidelines to all ONEP Staff” at The Tide Resort, Bang San, Chon Buri. ´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ ¨Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

15. ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÃ‹ÇÁàÊÇ¹Òã¹ËÑÇ¢ŒÍàÃ×Íè § “ÁÅ¾ÔÉáÅÐÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ”

ã¹§Ò¹»ÃÐªØÁÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¤ÃÑé§·Õè 1 ³ ÈÙ¹Â ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁáÅÐ¹Ô·ÃÃÈ¡ÒÃäºà·¤ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 3 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ ¾.È. 2551 Dr. Kasamsun Chinnavaso, Secretary - General of the Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, attended the panel on “Pollution and Environment” at the 1st Natural Resources and Environmental Convention at BITEC Convention and Exhibition Hall on September 3rd, 2008. Ò¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¨Ñ´ÊÑÁÁ¹Ò “EIA àËÅÕÂÇË¹ŒÒáÅËÅÑ§” ã¹§Ò¹»ÃÐªØÁÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ 16. ÊíáÅÐÊÔ è§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¤ÃÑé§·Õè 1 â´Â ä´ŒÃÑºà¡ÕÂÃµÔ¨Ò¡»ÅÑ´¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ Ã‹ÇÁ¡Ñº ¼ÙŒ·Ã§ ¤Ø³ÇØ²Ô´ŒÒ¹µ‹Ò§æ áÅÐàÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ

ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ÍÀÔ»ÃÒÂã¹»ÃÐà´ç¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡ÑºÃÒÂ§Ò¹¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË ¼Å¡ÃÐ·ºÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ «Öè§ÁÕ¼ÙŒÊ¹ã¨ à¢ŒÒÃÑº¿˜§¡Ç‹Ò 1,000 ¤¹ ³ ÈÙ¹Â ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁáÅÐ¹Ô·ÃÃÈ¡ÒÃäºà·¤ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 4 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ ¾.È. 2551 The Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) held a seminar on “EIA - a 360 Degree View” at the 1st Natural Resources and Environmental Convention with honorary panel members including the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, experts from various ﬁelds, and the Secretary - General of ONEP, who discussed Environmental Impact Assessment Reporting Issues. Over 1,000 participants attended the session at BITEC Convention and Exhibition Hall on September 4th, 2008.

ÀÒ¾¢‹ÒÇ I News Feature ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕÇ‹Ò¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁà»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹

17. ã¹¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ·Õè´Ô¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ ¤ÃÑé§·Õè 2/2551 ³

ËŒÍ§»ÃÐªØÁ¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 17 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ ¾.È. 2551 The Natural Resources and Environment Minister presided over the 2nd National Land Management Committee 2008 at Pollution Control Department Conference room on September 17th, 2008. àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 9 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ 2551 ´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ ¨Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ

18. ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÃÑºÁÍº

¸§ÊÑÞÅÑ¡É³ â¤Ã§¡ÒÃ¨Ò¡ÇÑ¹áÁ‹¶Ö§ÇÑ¹¾‹Í 116 ÇÑ¹ ÊÃŒÒ§ÊÒÁÑ¤¤Õ ¨Ò¡ ¹ÒÂªÒµÃÕ ª‹ÇÂ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸Ôì ÃÍ§»ÅÑ´¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à¾ÕèÍ´íÒà¹Ô¹ ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁÊÒ¹ÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÑ¤¤Õã¹·Ø¡ÀÒ¤Ê‹Ç¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÇÑ¹·Õè 9 - 15 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ 2551 On September 9th, 2008, Dr. Kasamsun Chinnavaso, Secretary - General of the Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) received a ﬂag carrying the royal emblems of Their Majesties the King and Queen for the 116 - day Unity Campaign from Mother’s Day to Father’s Day from Mr. Chatree Chuayprasit, Deputy Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, as a part of the activities to promote national unity in all associated agencies during September 9-15, 2008. ÇÑ¹·Õè 16 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ ¾.È. 2551 ¹ÒÂÇÔàªÕÂÃ ¨Ø‹§ÃØ‹§àÃ×Í§ ÃÍ§àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ

19. ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁä´ŒÊ‹§ÁÍº

¸§ÊÑÞÅÑ¡É³ â¤Ã§¡ÒÃ¨Ò¡ÇÑ¹áÁ‹¶Ö§ÇÑ¹¾‹Í 116 ÇÑ¹ ÊÃŒÒ§ÊÒÁÑ¤¤Õ ãËŒá¡‹ Í¸Ôº´Õ¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉà¾×èÍ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ ¢Í§¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐ ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ On September 16th, 2008, Mr. Vichien Jungrungruang, Deputy Secretary General of the Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) passed on the ﬂag carrying the royal emblems of Their Majesties the King and Queen for the 116 - day Unity Campaign from Mother’s Day to Father’s Day to the Director - General of the Pollution Control Department (PCD) to campaign activities within Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment. ¹Ò§Í¹§¤ ÇÃÃ³ à·¾ÊØ·Ô¹ ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕÇ‹Ò¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁà»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹à» ´§Ò¹ “·Ê.ÊÑÞ¨Ã»ÅÙ¡»†Ò ¾ÅÔ¡¿„œ¹¼×¹»†Ò

20. ´ŒÇÂ¾ÃÐºÒÃÁÕ : ÀÒ¤ÕÃÑ¡É ¤ÅÍ§áÁ‹ÅíÒ¾Ñ¹” «Öè§à»š¹Ë¹Öè§ã¹¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ “¨Ò¡ÇÑ¹áÁ‹¶Ö§ÇÑ¹¾‹Í 116 ÇÑ¹ ÊÃŒÒ§ÊÒÁÑ¤¤Õ” ·ÕèÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÃ‹ÇÁ¡ÑºÀÒ¤Õ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÊØâ¢·ÑÂ ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁµ‹Ò§æ ¢Öé¹ ³ ºÃÔàÇ³Ë¹ŒÒÈÙ¹Â âÍ·Í» µíÒºÅàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò áÅÐâÃ§àÃÕÂ¹ÊØâ¢·ÑÂÇÔ·ÂÒ¤Á ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÊØâ¢·ÑÂ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 13 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ ¾.È. 2551 Mrs.Anongwan Thepsuthin, Natural Resources and Environment Minister presided over the opening ceremony of “MNRE Forestation Tour - We love Mae Lampan Canal Conservation Activity” under the umbrella of the Royal Forest Rehabilitation program and a part of the 116 - day Unity Campaign from Mother’s Day to Father’s Day. This activity was one of many mobilized by a joint effort between the Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) and Sukhothai Province. Campaign activities were held in front of the OTOP Center in Muang Kao district and at Sukhothai Wittayakom School in Sukhothai on September 13th, 2008.ß

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal

“á¹Ç¤Ô´ÁØÁÁÍ§¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃáËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹” Sustainable Management of World Heritage Sites

àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 4 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á 2551 ¡Í§ºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃä´ŒÃÑºâÍ¡ÒÊ ¨Ò¡ÈÒÊµÃÒ¨ÒÃÂ ´Ã. Í´ØÅ ÇÔàªÕÂÃà¨ÃÔÞ «Öè§ÁÕ»ÃÐÊº¡ÒÃ³ áÅÐÍ§¤ ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒÊÙ§ã¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃáËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ·Ñé§ã¹»ÃÐà·È áÅÐµ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È ´Ñ§¨ÐàËç¹ä´ŒÇ‹Ò·‹Ò¹ä´Œ´íÒÃ§µíÒáË¹‹§ÊíÒ¤ÑÞµ‹Ò§æ ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂ ´Ñ§àª‹¹ à¤Âà»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹ ÃÍ§»ÃÐ¸Ò¹ áÅÐ¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ ã¹¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ áÅÐ¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃã¹Í§¤ ¡ÃÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊµÃ áÅÐÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáË‹§ÊË»ÃÐªÒªÒµÔ (UNESCO) áÅÐ à¤Âà»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃáË‹§ªÒµÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡ ·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ¢Í§âÅ¡ «Öè§·‹Ò¹ä´ŒãËŒ¢ŒÍ¤Ô´àËç¹·Õèà»š¹»ÃÐâÂª¹ ·Õè ÊíÒ¤ÑÞã¹á§‹ÁØÁ¢Í§¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÁÃ´¡âÅ¡·Õè¨ÐÁÒµÑ´ÊÔ¹¡ÒÃ¢Í¢Öé¹ ·ÐàºÕÂ¹¨Ò¡·ÑèÇâÅ¡äÇŒä´ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ÅÐàÍÕÂ´¤Ãº¶ŒÇ¹ â´ÂàÃÔèÁ¨Ò¡»ÃÐà´ç¹ ¾×é¹°Ò¹ã¹àÃ×èÍ§¢Í§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É â´Âà©¾ÒÐ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ·Õèà»š¹¡ÒÃ ºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃáËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹ »ÃÐà´ç¹áÃ¡·Õè·‹Ò¹¡Å‹ÒÇ¶Ö§¤×Í ÇÑµ¶Ø»ÃÐÊ§¤ ¢Í§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É â´ÂãªŒ¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃà¢ŒÒä»´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ÁÃ´¡ âÅ¡äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨Ðà»š¹·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁÀÒÂã¹»ÃÐà·ÈËÃ×Í¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔÀÒÂã¹ »ÃÐà·ÈËÃ×ÍÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È â´Âà¢ŒÒÁÒÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÃÐººÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒ¡ÒÃ ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡»‚ ¤.È. 1972 ¼ÙŒ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§â´ÂµÃ§ ¤×Í½†ÒÂ·ÕèÁÕÊ‹Ç¹ ã¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ«Öè§ÃÑº¼Å»ÃÐâÂª¹ ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ ÊÔè§ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ ·Õµè ÍŒ §¤íÒ¹Ö§¶Ö§¤×Í ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃ¡Ñ É ¹¹éÑ ÁÔãª‹à»š¹à¾ÕÂ§¡ÒÃ·Õàè ÃÒ¨ÐÁÒ¨Ñ´ÊÃÃãËŒ ãªŒËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ãËŒãªŒ ¤ÇÒÁÁØ§‹ ËÁÒÂ¢Í§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃ¡Ñ É â´Âà©¾ÒÐàÃ×Íè §¢Í§ÁÃ´¡ âÅ¡µÒÁÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ ¤×Í¡ÒÃ·Õè¾×é¹·ÕèáË‹§ã´äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨Ðà»š¹·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ËÃ×Í·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ·Õèä´ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É äÇŒ¹Ñé¹¡çà¾ÃÒÐÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤Ø³¤‹Ò á¡‹Á¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ áÅÐàÁ×èÍàÃÒä´ŒÃÑºÊ×º·Í´ÁÒ¨Ò¡ºÃÃ¾ºØÃØÉáÅŒÇ ¡ç¤ÇÃ ¨Ðà¢ŒÒã¨ã¹áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡¹Ñé¹ ª×è¹ªÁã¹¤Ø³¤‹Ò¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ áÅÐºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃà¾×èÍ¨ÐÃÑ¡ÉÒàÍÒäÇŒà¾×èÍãËŒÍ¹Øª¹ÃØ‹¹ËÅÑ§ÁÕâÍ¡ÒÊ ·Õè¨Ðä´ŒàËç¹ä´ŒªÁ¤ÇÒÁ§ÒÁ´Õà´‹¹¢Í§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É äÁ‹ãª‹à»š¹¡ÒÃËŒÒÁãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹ áµ‹¨Ð ãªŒã¹ÅÑ¡É³Ð·ÕÁè Ã´¡âÅ¡¹Ñ¹é µŒÍ§ä´ŒÃºÑ ¡ÒÃ´ÙáÅºíÒÃØ§ÃÑ¡ÉÒ áÅÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶ ·Õè¨ÐÍÂÙ‹µ‹Íä»ä´ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹ â´ÂÁÕËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ÍÂ‹Ò§à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ áµ‹ ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´à»ÅÕÂè ¹ä»µÒÁÅÑ¡É³Ð¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡¹Ñ¹é ¡ÒÃ¨Ð·íÒãËŒ “ÂÑè§Â×¹” ¹ÕéÁÕ»˜ÞËÒÍÂÙ‹·ÕèÇ‹Ò¨ÐºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃÍÂ‹Ò§äÃã¹ÊÀÒ¾¡ÒÃãªŒ áÅÐ¡ÒÃËŒÒÁãªŒã¹ºÒ§¡Ã³Õ ¡ÒÃ¨íÒ¡Ñ´¡ÃÍº¢Í§¡ÒÃãªŒ¡çà»š¹àÃ×èÍ§·Õè 10

ºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ Editor th On August 4 , 2008, Prof. Dr. Adul Wichiencharoen, former Vice - president, President and a committee member of National World Heritage Committee of Thailand, a committee member of UNESCO, and Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the World culture and Natural heritage, kindly shared with the editorial team of Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal his insightful perspectives on sustainable management of World Heritage sites from the fundamental conservation to nominating a site for World Heritage listing. This priceless experience inspired the editorial team to pen the following article to share with our readers. First of all, to be sanctioned under the Convention Concerning the Protection of Cultural and Natural World Heritage of 1972, tourism authority needs to be directly involved as it gains direct beneﬁts from the tourism of national and international cultural and natural sites located in the country. Conserving something is not only about limiting permission to use or not to use. It is about saving and nurturing invaluable heritages of the mankind. Conservation - oriented, ecotourism principle must be applied to tourism policies in order to achieve as such. Therefore, it is important to mindfully manage, with the objective of conserving and protecting Word Heritage sites -- so that the next generations have a chance to admire the magniﬁcent World Heritage sites we have in our time. Each World Heritage site is different and requires different conservation approach to be sustainable. This is a major controversial issue for every site. We cannot even apply the same approach on all natural sites in a particular country as they are of different geographical settings, which entail different sets of variables and factors to be pondered about. For instance, different types of construction materials used in different sites certainly need different kind of care and maintenance. Authenticity of World Heritage sites is one of the main concerns surrounding conservation and restoration approach. In some countries where large stones were used to build monuments and buildings, this concern is relatively minimal because these large stones can survive thousands of years without much wear and tear. However, for countries where using wood is a core of their construction methods - such as Japan, China, or Finland - this material issue becomes a major head-throbbing concern because the

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same kind of wood is no longer be available for restoring the ancient buildings. To decide on which kind of wood would be the most similar and suitable for replacing the obsolete ancient wood in World Heritage sites is a very delicate process. Such protocols for changes are to be referred from the international framework in the Venice Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites of 1964. World Heritage Committee has developed a compilation of conservation frameworks, measures, and precise criteria for the inscription of properties on the World Heritage List called the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. The guidelines lay out details of every step starting from preparing for nominations to monitoring the state of conservation of World Heritage properties, as well as the criteria for delisting poorly managed World Heritage sites, which would be registered on the World Heritage in Danger List. World Heritage in Danger properties would be under the care of the country the sites are located while they are evaluated. Possible remedial approaches are to be identiﬁed before the eventual deletion of the properties from the World Heritage List. If the properties are later restored to meet World Heritage List’s criteria, they can be inscribed on the list again. Nevertheless, for a World Heritage site to be listed on World Heritage in Danger List is not a punishment from World Heritage Committee to the contracting country responsible for the site. It is a crucial warning measure of the state of the property and the urgency of restoration the site needs, which requires restoration efforts from the country the site is located as well as from the International Assistance. Such cooperation mechanism formed between States Party that the site is located and the World Heritage Committee can be laid out in steps as follows. • International States Parties are obliged to submit annual periodic report on legislative and administration provisions which they have adopted and other actions which they have taken since the application of this Convention, together with details of the experience acquired in this ﬁeld, as well as planned items not yet implemented. • World Heritage Committee provides evaluation and monitoring process after receiving a periodic report from a States Party. International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) serves as cultural Advisory Bodies, while International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 11

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal and Sites ËÃ×Í ICOMOS) à»š¹·Ò§´ŒÒ¹ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ áÅÐ ã¹¡Ã³Õ¢Í§·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ä´Œá¡‹ ÊËÀÒ¾¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔ à¾× è Í ¡ÒÃÍ¹Ø Ã Ñ ¡ É ¸ ÃÃÁªÒµÔ á ÅÐ·ÃÑ ¾ ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ (International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources ËÃ×Í World Conservation Union : IUCN) ã¹ ICOMOS «Öè§ÁÕà¤Ã×Í¢‹ÒÂ·ÕèäÁ‹ãª‹¢Í§ÃÑ° ÍÂÙ‹·ÑèÇâÅ¡ áÅÐÁÕ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ¢Í§áµ‹ÅÐ»ÃÐà·È·Õèà»š¹ ¡ÅØ‹Á¢Í§¡Åä¡·Õèª‹ÇÂã¹¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼Å â´Âà©¾ÒÐÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÔè§ à¡ÕèÂÇ¡ÑºàÃ×èÍ§¡ÒÃ¡‹ÍÊÃŒÒ§ ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ÇÑÊ´Ø áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ´ŒÒ¹ à·¤¹Ô¤¢Í§¡ÒÃ´ÙáÅáËÅ‹§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕÂé §Ñ ÁÕÍ¡Õ ËÅÒÂ Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ àª‹¹ ½†ÒÂàÅ¢Ò¹Ø¡ÒÃ¢Í§¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ ¡ÒÃÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ ã¹¡ÃØ§»ÒÃÕÊ »ÃÐà·È½ÃÑè§àÈÊ à»š¹¼ÙŒ·Õèª‹ÇÂ ¡ÃÐµØŒ¹¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨ÊÍºÍÕ¡·Ò§Ë¹Öè§ • ¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨ÊÍºã¹¢Ñé¹ÊØ´·ŒÒÂ¡ç¤×Í àÍÒÃÒÂ§Ò¹·Õè»ÃÐà·È ÊÁÒªÔ¡·Õèà»š¹ÃÒÂ§Ò¹»ÃÐ¨íÒ»‚ä»ÃÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨ÊÍº¢Í§ ICOMOS ËÃ×Í IUCN áÅŒÇáµ‹¡Ã³Õ áÅÐÃÇÁ¡ÑºÃÒÂ§Ò¹ ¢Í§½†ÒÂàÅ¢Ò¹Ø¡ÒÃ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÏ â´Â¨Ðáº‹§¡Ñ¹·íÒà»š¹ ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ÅÐ 5 »‚µ‹Í¤ÃÑé§ â´Âáº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á »ÃÐà·È ä·ÂÍÂÙ‹¡ÅØ‹ÁàÍà«ÕÂá»«Ô¿ ¡Ê ¡ÅØ‹ÁÍ×è¹æ ¡çÁÕÍàÁÃÔ¡ÒàË¹×Í ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò ÍÒ¿ÃÔ¡Ò áÅÐÍÒËÃÑº ·Ñé§ËÁ´¡çà»š¹ 5 ¡ÅØ‹Á ´ŒÇÂ¡Ñ¹ ÃÒÂ§Ò¹·Ñé§ËÁ´¨Ð¶Ù¡¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÁÒÂÑ§·Õè»ÃÐªØÁãËÞ‹ ¾Ô¨ÒÃ³ÒµÃÇ¨ÊÍºÁÃ´¡âÅ¡·Õèä´ŒÁÕ¡ÒÃ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹äÇŒáÅŒÇ Ç‹ÒÁÕÊÀÒ¾ÍÂ‹Ò§äÃ ¶ŒÒÍÂÙã‹ ¹ÅÑ¡É³Ð«Ö§è ¡íÒÅÑ§ÁÕ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ à¾×èÍ¨Ðá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒãËŒ´Õ¢Öé¹·Õè»ÃÐªØÁ¡çÃÑº·ÃÒº áÅÐ¨ÐÁÕ ÁµÔÇ‹Ò¢ÍãËŒÃÑ°ÊÁÒªÔ¡»¯ÔºÑµÔµÒÁÃÒÂ§Ò¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒáÅŒÇáµ‹ ¡Ã³Õ • ¶ŒÒËÒ¡ÁÕÁÃ´¡âÅ¡áË‹§ã´ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÀÒÇÐ¢Í§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ·Õè äÁ‹à»š¹·Õè¹‹Ò¾Íã¨ à¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁàÊ×èÍÁâ·ÃÁ ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÏ ¨Ð¾Ô¨ÒÃ³ÒµÒÁ¢ŒÍàÊ¹Íá¹ÐËÃ×ÍµÒÁ·Õ·è »èÕ ÃÐªØÁÍÀÔ»ÃÒÂ¡Ñ¹ à¾×èÍÃÐ´Áà§Ô¹·Ø¹à¾×èÍÊ¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É áÅÐãËŒ¤ÇÒÁ ª‹ÇÂàËÅ×Í·Ò§´ŒÒ¹à·¤¹Ô¤µ‹Ò§æ ¨Ò¡»ÃÐà·ÈËÃ×ÍÍ§¤ ¡Ã·Õè à¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ãËŒà¢ŒÒÁÒª‹ÇÂàËÅ×Í ¶ŒÒÁÑ¹ÃŒÒÂáÃ§ÁÒ¡ÂÔè§¢Öé¹ ¡ç ¨íÒà»š¹·Õ¨è ÐµŒÍ§¾Ô¨ÒÃ³ÒÇ‹Ò¤ÇÃÅºª×Íè ÍÍ¡ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ ËÃ×ÍÂÑ§ãËŒ ¤§ÍÂÙ‹ «Öè§¡ÒÃÅºª×èÍ¹Õé¨Ðà»š¹ÁÒµÃ¡ÒÃ¢Ñé¹ÊØ´·ŒÒÂã¹¡ÒÃ ·Õè¨Ðà»š¹¢ŒÍªÕéÇ‹ÒÃÑ°ÊÁÒªÔ¡·Õèà»š¹à¨ŒÒ¢Í§áËÅ‹§¨íÒà»š¹µŒÍ§ ·íÒÍÐäÃãËŒÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò·Õè·íÒÁÒ

(IUCN) is responsible as Advisory Bodies for natural World Heritage sites. There are also non-governmental offices in ICOMOS in countries around the world, with their committees coming together as a part of evaluation mechanism of construction, materials, and technical know-how needed in managing cultural sites. Moreover, related agencies such as the Secretariat to the World Heritage Committee at the World Heritage Centre in Paris, France, also play a role in the property evaluation process. • The final step in the evaluation process is consolidating national periodic reports from the States Parties into Regional State of the World Heritage reports by adding those prepared by Advisory Bodies such as ICOMOS or IUCN, as applicable, and those prepared by the Secretariat. The consolidated evaluation reports are done by region in six-year cycle. There are 5 regions in total, namely Arab States, Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Europe and North America region. All Regional State of the World Heritage reports will be presented to the World Heritage Committee, who would review the issues raised regarding the inscribed World Heritage properties and then vote to get resolutions to for issues at hands. • Any of the World Heritage properties not taken care properly and deteriorating would be up for International Assistance grant. Technical assistance will be solicited from related countries or agencies before the final evaluation if the site should be removed from the List. Removing a World Heritage site from the List serves as the last-resort punishment and also the final reflection of what the government where the site is located should have done more to protect it.

Êí Ò ËÃÑ º ¡ÒÃ¢Ö é ¹ ·ÐàºÕ Â ¹ÁÃ´¡ÃÒÂª× è Í ¹Ñ é ¹ ¨ÐÁÒ¨Ò¡ºÑ Þ ªÕ Tentative List ¨ÐµŒÍ§ÁÕ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼ÅÇ‹ÒáËÅ‹§·Õè¢Í¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹¹Ñé¹ ¢Öé¹´ŒÇÂËÅÑ¡à¡³± àËµØ¼ÅÍÐäÃ ÊÀÒ¾¢³Ð¹Ñé¹à»š¹ÍÂ‹Ò§äÃ â´Â¨Ð ÁÕ¡ÒÃà¢ŒÒä»ÊíÒÃÇ¨ â´Â¶ŒÒà»š¹àÃ×èÍ§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ IUCN ¡ç¨Ðà»š¹ ¼ÙŒ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ ËÒ¡à»š¹àÃ×èÍ§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ¡çãËŒ ICOMOS à»š¹¼ÙŒ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹ Ç‹Ò¨Ð¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ã¹ Operation Guideline ÁÕ¡ÒÃÃÐºØàÃ×èÍ§¡ÒÃ ¡íÒË¹´¾×é¹·Õè¢Í§áËÅ‹§ãËŒªÑ´à¨¹´Ô¹á´¹ ÍÑ¹¹ÕéãªŒä´Œ·Ñé§·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ áÅÐ·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¶ŒÒËÒ¡Ç‹ÒÁÕ·ÃÑ¾Â Ê¹Ô ÍÂÙã‹ ¹ÅÑ¡É³Ð·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ã¹ÂØ¤ÊÁÑÂà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ÃÙ»áººà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ÍÂÙ‹ËÅÒÂáË‹§¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈË¹Öè§ »ÃÐà·Èã´¡çµÒÁ ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¢ÍàÊ¹Í¢Öé¹à»š¹ Serial ä´Œ àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò Serial Nomination àª‹¹ ¡Ã³Õ¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈÞÕè»Ø†¹ ·ÕèÁÕËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹Ê¶Ò»˜µÂ¡ÃÃÁ áººà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ 2 ËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹ ¶ŒÒÍÂÙ‹¹Í¡»ÃÐà·ÈàÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò Transboundary

As for World Heritage nominations, properties in the Tentative List would be reviewed according to the selection criteria and current state evaluated by ﬁeld inspection. IUCN would take the responsibility for natural properties, while ICOMOS would take the responsibility of cultural World Heritage. In addition, the Operational Guidelines also include allocation of new territories in controversial areas like borders between countries. For instance, if there are many properties exhibiting a similar culture and architecture across countries in a region, and one of the countries wants to nominate the site to become a World Heritage site. The other properties sharing the same culture and

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architecture can also be nominated as Serial in Serial Nominations. For example, Japan has two villages sharing the same architecture listed as World Heritage. If these properties are not in the same country, they are called Tran boundary properties. Another instance is a U.S. property nominated for a natural World Heritage site. However, the site is located in an area jointly - owned by Canada. Therefore, the Committee recommended that the United States of America jointly nominate the site with Canada for the Tentative List. Four to ﬁve years post that, there was the Angkor Wat, which at the time obviously lacked a good administration, shorted of manpower and legislative measures, and was frequently looted. France took the lead in nominating the site, supported by Japan. However, in his own words, Prof. Adul opposed it because, “I wasn’t comfortable making a call on something not beneﬁcial to my own neighboring country like Cambodia. Cambodia and Thailand have nurtured a good relationship. Thailand even provided Cambodia with archaeological assistance for Angkor Wat and I want to help out wherever I can. On the contrary, I wore another hat as one of 21 committee members of international countries and I had to oblige to a set of criteria. I couldn’t support a case that didn’t meet our criteria. It eventually turned out that Angkor Wat was listed as a World Heritage in Danger site and at the same time was announced as a World Heritage site. At this point, Cambodia was then informed of the urgent needs of the property as a World Heritage in Danger site.” For Thailand, Prof. Dr.Adul stated that we also need to meet the criteria for administrating our World Heritage properties properly. For example, Ban Chiang Archaeological Site is an outdoor museum, where the bones and the artifacts are displayed out in the open, and that way they will keep deteriorating. In a sustainable approach done in many countries such as Canada, Russia, and China, we need to keep the original artifacts safe and display only the imitated ones, such as bones made from resin. Finally, it is important for all Thais to be aware of and to be able to involve in sustainable conservation. The editor Environment and Nature Journal hopes to bring you more insights from the talented Prof. Dr.Adul in our upcoming issues.ß

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“ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡” ÁÃ´¡àÃÒ ÁÃ´¡à¢Ò ÁÃ´¡ã¤Ã? “World Heritage” Ours, Theirs, or Whose?

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The media has just recently jumped on the bandwagon over the world heritage fever. Issue on the right of Preah Vihear Temple involves with the obvious benefit such as area or sum of money derived from tourism industry and with the hidden benefit like local politic. These can trigger conflict since both sides have their “honor” at stake. It is difficult to predict the final outcome from this global dispute. While that world heritage is still unsettled, looking into our national treasures, we will find many of our rightful world heritages. How have these existing world heritages been taken care of? Follow us to find out the current conditions of Sukhothai, Sri Satchanalai,

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Kampaengphet Historical Parks, the world cultural heritage 1 in 3 of Thailand that the World Heritage Committee of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage has declared world heritage between the year 1991 and 1992. Heritage.... Of Monetary Aspect Fifteen years ago, UNESCO declared Thailand’s natural and cultural heritage, the world heritage of significance to mankind. The four sites “Sukhothai, Sri Satchanalai, Kampaengphet Historical Parks,” “Ayutthaya Historical Park,” “Ban Chiang Archaeological Site,” and “Thungyai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries” were enlisted on world heritage. This has brought fame and pride, but for the locals in Sukhothai, Ayutthaya, and Udonthani, they have more than that. Huge income is from tourists for restaurant, souvenir shops, guesthouse, as well as bicycle rental for area sight-seeing. A souvenir vendor in the Sukhothai Historical Park told us about her business from the start that it was in high demand that she had to hire for helpers. Even today without special events, tourists still visit the site and bring locals good source of income. Heritage.... Brought Job Everyday from morning through evening, besides tourists from around the world, we can see locals who make a living in the Historical Park with their happy smiles. It indicates a good morale as they are never tired of working since their jobs are the pride of their homeland. Miss Kwanla Lumjuen, a field expert at Sri Satchanalai Historical Park has devoted her life for her homeland. She graduated in Economics. Despite her unrelated field of study, her job requires that she researches from books, articles, and experts. The knowledge acquired from these sources forms her passion and pride for her homeland. She has devoted for this job for over 10 years. Miss Kwanla chose to pursue her study in Education, majoring in guidance so she can apply theory and skill on knowledge sharing for people to tourists who have different background, attention, and interest. Her job is to communicate to these groups of people to the best of her knowledge. Miss Kwanla gave an interesting point of view that besides differences in age and education background of groups of visitors, ethnicity between Thai and foreigners are also significant worthy of consideration. 15

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“Foreigners seem to have more interests from the origin of the city. Each building has been built from some inspiration. Especially, international tourists like to ask in details such as structure and pattern of architecture, which pagoda is an authentic Sukhothai, which has been influenced from Cambodian cultural art since they have had gathered some information beforehand.” Miss Kwanla went on to say that the opinions of Thai tourists were mostly concerned about the construction of something for convenience such as restroom which seems insufficient to accommodate Thai tourists which usually come in big group. For foreign tourists, Miss Kwanla gave a viewpoint from her experience that: “Probably the most wanted for them is nearby accommodation since there are too few of them. These tourists are interested in the history, structure of pagoda and they cannot catch them all up in a day. Accommodation here in Sri Satchanalai is not enough.” Moreover, Miss Kwanla also wants the maintenance of these valuable constructions in order to prevent deterioration which includes the protection of new city quarter to let no constructions blocking the view of the park landscape. “Besides, the community environment here should be better. It could be done through zoning. Basically, master plan of the park from what I read or knew that many heads of the park paid more attention to constructions which must look clean with the landscape. More importantly, the majority of officials here, excluding executives, state officers, and archeologists, everybody works together with the locals. Cooperation and response are easy to do since they have good understanding and are in a loving atmosphere.” Miss Kwanla gave a final interesting opinion that even world heritage could be meaningless if not for the love and pride of the locals that keep the world heritage alive. Heritage.... Everlasting Beauty If we compare Sri Satchanalai to a girl, her beauty is so appealing that many people must come back to her. Professor Komsan Theerapabwong, Assistant Dean of International Affairs, Department of Architecture, Chiang Mai University, is another one who has been indulged into the beauty of Sri Satchanalai. The impression comes not only from the appearance but also a deep study and understanding in its history and culture.

º·¤ÇÒÁ¾ÔàÈÉ I Special ÍÒ¨ÒÃÂ ¤ÁÊÑ¹ ¸ÕÃÀÒ¾Ç§È ¼ÙŒª‹ÇÂ¤³º´Õ½†ÒÂµ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È ¤³ÐÊ¶Ò»˜µÂ¡ÃÃÁÈÒÊµÃ ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂàªÕÂ§ãËÁ‹ ¡çà»š¹ÍÕ¡Ë¹Öè§ºØÃØÉ ·ÕèËÅ§ãËÅã¹¤ÇÒÁ§ÒÁ¢Í§ÈÃÕÊÑª¹ÒÅÑÂ «Öè§à»š¹¤ÇÒÁ»ÃÐ·Ñºã¨·ÕèÁÔä´Œ à¾ÕÂ§à¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃª×è¹ªÁ´ŒÇÂÊÒÂµÒ ËÒ¡áµ‹ÂÑ§ÁÕ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹´ŒÒ¹ »ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ áÅÐÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¨¹à¡Ô´à»š¹¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÒã¨ÍÂ‹Ò§ÅÖ¡«Öé§ “¤ÃÑé§áÃ¡·Õè¼Áä´ŒàËç¹ ÊÔè§áÃ¡ÊØ´·Õè¼Á»ÃÐ·Ñºã¨¤×ÍàÃ×èÍ§¢Í§¡ÒÃ ÇÒ§¼Ñ§¢Í§·Õè¹Õè àÃ×èÍ§á¡¹àÁ×Í§ µíÒáË¹‹§¢Í§áÁ‹¹éíÒÂÁ áµ‹¾Íä´ŒÁÒ´Ù ¤ÃÑé§·ÕèÊÍ§ ¤ÃÑé§·ÕèÊÒÁ ¡çä´ŒàËç¹ÅÖ¡¶Ö§àÃ×èÍ§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ µÑé§áµ‹¡ÒÃ·íÒàµÒ ·ØàÃÕÂ§ ËÁŒÍ äË µ‹Ò§æ ÂÔè§·íÒãËŒ¼ÁÃÙŒÊÖ¡Ê¹ã¨ ¨¹à¼ÅÍæ ÍÒ¨·íÒãËŒ àËç¹Ç‹Ò·Õè¹ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒÊØâ¢·ÑÂ´ŒÇÂ«éíÒ ÊíÒËÃÑº¼Á ÁÑ¹ÁÕ ÍÐäÃÍÂÙ‹ã¹¹Ñé¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡ÊÀÒ¾·ÕèÁÕÍÂÙ‹ ÅÑ¡É³Ð¢Í§ÇÑ´·ÕèÇÒ§ âÍŒâË.. ¼ÁÇ‹ÒÁÑ¹»ÃÐ·Ñºã¨ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò·Õèà¤Âä´Œ´ÙÁÒ” à»š¹¤ÇÒÁ»ÃÐ·Ñºã¨ ·Õè¨ÐàÃÕÂ¡Ç‹ÒÃÑ¡áÃ¡¾º¡ç¤§äÁ‹¼Ô´¹Ñ¡ à¾ÃÒÐËÅÑ§¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹ àÁ×èÍã´·ÕèÁÕâÍ¡ÒÊ ÍÒ¨ÒÃÂ ¤ÁÊÑ¹¡ç¨ÐáÇÐàÇÕÂ¹ÁÒ àÂÕÂè ÁªÁÊ¶Ò¹·Õáè Ë‹§¹Õàé ÊÁÍ áµ‹äÁ‹ÇÒ‹ ¤ÃÑ§é äË¹ Á¹µ àÊ¹‹Ëá Ë‹§ÈÃÕÊªÑ ¹ÒÅÑÂ ¡ç´Ù¨ÐäÁ‹àÊ×èÍÁ¤ÅÒÂ ¹Í¡àË¹×Íä»¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹ ã¹°Ò¹Ð¢Í§Ê¶Ò»¹Ô¡ ÈÃÕÊÑª¹ÒÅÑÂã¹ÁÔµÔ¤ÇÒÁÊ¹ã¨¢Í§ÍÒ¨ÒÃÂ ¤ÁÊÑ¹¨Ö§ÁÕàÃ×èÍ§¢Í§¡ÒÃ ¨Ñ´ÇÒ§¼Ñ§àÁ×Í§»¹ÍÂÙ‹´ŒÇÂ «Öè§ã¹á§‹¹Õé ÈÃÕÊÑª¹ÒÅÑÂ¡çà»ÃÕÂºàËÁ×Í¹ÅÒÂ á·§·ÕèËÒ¡ÁÕ¼ÙŒ·ÕèÊÒÁÒÃ¶¶Í´ÃËÑÊÅÒÂá·§¹Õéä´Œ ¡ç¨ÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶à¢ŒÒã¨ »ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ ÃÇÁä»¶Ö§á¹Ç¤Ô´¢Í§ºÃÃ¾ºØÃØÉ·Õèà»š¹ÃÒ¡àË§ŒÒ¢Í§ àÃÒä´Œ “¼ÁªÍºàÁ×Í§à¡‹Òæ ·ÕèÂÑ§ÁÕ¤¹ÍÂÙ‹´ŒÇÂÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò ÍÂ‹Ò§àÇÅÒä» àÇ¹ÔÊ ËÃ×Í ¿ÅÍàÃ¹« ¤×ÍÁÑ¹ÁÕÇ¶Ô ªÕ ÇÕ µÔ ¢Í§¤¹ÍÂÙã‹ ¹¹Ñ¹é ÁÑ¹ÁÕ¤¹¢ÒÂ¢Í§ ÁÕÁØÁ·Õè¤¹¹Ñè§¤ØÂ¡Ñ¹ ¡Ô¹¡Òá¿ ÁÕ¡ÒÃà¨ÃÔÞàµÔºâµàÅç¡æ ¢Í§¼ÙŒ¤¹ã¹ àÁ×Í§ áµ‹·ÕèàÃÒÍÂÙ‹·Õè¹Õè¤×Í ÁÑ¹¶Ù¡áÂ¡Ê‹Ç¹ ÁÑ¹´ÙáËŒ§ ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹Ç‹Ò

“The first time I saw it, my initial impression was the town planning like the positions of town center and the river Yom. On my later visits, I looked into the culture from pottery making and it has my interests. To me it even could be more important than Sukhothai. There is something in there beyond present conditions or the position of temples. Wow! This is so impressive!” It was an impression at first sight. Later on whenever he has a chance, Prof. Komsan always pays a visit at Sri Satchanalai. Each time its charm has never faded away. Besides, as an architect, Sri Satchanalai contains what Prof. Komsan is interested in, town planning. This aspect, Sri Satchanalai resembles a treasure map. Whoever be able to unlock it will find himself understand history and our root through ancestors’ mindset. “I like living old towns. Like Venice or Florence, people are still living in there. There are plenty of human’s way of life, traders, caf at the corner, and a city slowly flourishing. Here, we have separated them. They look dull. People live in one zone or maybe this is because we are accustomed to it as it is easy to handle.” The knowledge and experience gained from travelling abroad, Prof. Komsan has many good ideas on development and management of this world heritage masterpiece. “Technology can be applied for knowledge or information sharing like the headset or earphone. We can use it as a self-learning tool while walking. What am I interested in, I can learn it by just pressing the button and listen to the information. This temple has a lot to offer and there is no need to go by a large group. This can be an effective way of data presentation.” “Or perhaps, using electricity like lighting show in the evening, Sri Satchanalai is very charming through time. Will it be in the daybreak, daytime, evening, or nighttime, its beauty is distinguishable.” Prof. Komsan’s suggestions might attract many disagreements, for example; budget appropriation received from the state is insufficient. However, what does the insufficient really mean? Can it be a total lack of money or just bad allocation. As a Chiang Mai resident, Prof. Komsan gives us an example: “We try to invest a lot, Chiang Mai for example, the Night Safari needs a lot of money with new constructions and animals. Tourists can find this type of attraction in many countries. In Thailand, there are so 17

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many things that only exist here. It is already possible but is it good to make it happen?” “It would be better if we can make museum in Ayutthaya a good exhibition and more interesting presentation. What we have now is people come to see an outdoor demonstration. Indoor showcase or museum can draw more children’s attention. As we know, people get exhausted from heat and they can walk only within a few temples before getting tired. Their interests would diminish. This is a limitation of outdoor excursion. Sri Satchanalai is so vast and huge that a complete tour is difficult. But if we put all of them into one place and have a good demonstration, then people can only spend half a day to learn the site background. They then get a real trip with more impression.” As an instructor, Prof. Komsan is willing to pass the knowledge to the younger generations. He guides a group of Chiang Mai University students on a field trip to study the beauty of history of Thai architecture. Not only the knowledge, but also passion and pride of Sri Satchanalai are passing to his students. “Taking a field trip with students, I have expectation that they learn to understand the history of Thai architecture. I also would like to see that they have a sense or spirit of old towns by imagining what had happened here. Traveling through a time machine, everything was perfect and extraordinary. This could be so exciting and I think that they can feel it too. But it is not just looking at something, they need a mentor to guide them through so they can see the beauty and greatness, and be undoubtedly proud of this heritage.” “To me, this place is my most favorite comparing to other places. Excuse my saying that Ayutthaya has so much garbage in there. There are things not quite right in it. Too many businesses bother tourists. Management

º·¤ÇÒÁ¾ÔàÈÉ I Special áµ‹¼ÁÇ‹ÒÁÑ¹¤§¨ÐäÁ‹ãª‹á¤‹àËç¹ÍÂ‹Ò§à´ÕÂÇ ¤§µŒÍ§ÁÕÍÒ¨ÒÃÂ µŒÍ§ÁÕä¡´ á¹Ð¹íÒ à¾×èÍà¢Ò¨Ðä´ŒàËç¹¤ÇÒÁ§´§ÒÁ ¤ÇÒÁÂÔè§ãËÞ‹áÅÐà¡Ô´ÀÒ¤ÀÙÁÔ ã¨ã¹ÁÃ´¡ªÔé¹¹ÕéÍÂ‹Ò§ªÑ´à¨¹” “ÊíÒËÃÑºã¹ã¨¼Á ·Õè¹Õè¤×Í·Õè·Õè¼ÁªÍºÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´à»š¹ÅíÒ´Ñº·Õè ñ à¾ÃÒÐ¶ŒÒ¨Ðà·ÕÂº¡Ñº·ÕèÍ×è¹·Õè¼Áä»à¤ÂÁÒáÅŒÇ ¢Íâ·É¹Ð¤ÃÑº ËÒ¡ Â¡µÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·ÕèÍÂØ¸ÂÒ¼ÁÇ‹ÒÁÑ¹ÁÕ¢ÂÐÍÂÙ‹ã¹¹Ñé¹ ÁÑ¹ÁÕºÒ§Ê‹Ç¹·ÕèäÁ‹àËÁÒÐ ÍÂÙ‹ã¹¹Ñé¹ áÅŒÇàÃ×èÍ§¢Í§¾Ò³ÔªÂ ¡ÒÃ¤ŒÒ¢ÒÂÍÐäÃ¡çÁÕÁÒ¡à¡Ô¹ä» ¨¹ºÒ§·Õ·íÒãËŒ¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇÃÙŒÊÖ¡ÃíÒ¤ÒÞ¾ÍÊÁ¤ÇÃ ã¹Ê‹Ç¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ ¡ÒÃµÑ´ËÞŒÒãËŒàÃÕÂºÃŒÍÂ ¡ÒÃ´ÙáÅ¤ÇÒÁÊÐÍÒ´¢Í§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹·Õè¹Õè¡ç ·íÒä´Œ´ÕÁÒ¡æ ·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¤×ÍºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈ´ŒÇÂÁÑé§¤ÃÑº ¼ÁÁÒ·Õè¹Õè¡Õè¤ÃÑé§¡ç ÂÑ§ÊÇÂ »ÃÐ·Ñºã¨ áÊ§¡çà»š¹ã¨ ¶‹ÒÂÃÙ»ä´Œ´Õ Ê¶Ò»˜µÂ¡ÃÃÁ¢Í§·Õè¹Õè ´Ù¡Õè·Õ¡çÁÕàÊ¹‹Ë ” ÊíÒËÃÑº¼ÙŒ·ÕèÁÕâÍ¡ÒÊä´Œà´Ô¹·Ò§ä»àÂÕèÂÁªÁÊ¶Ò¹·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞæ µ‹Ò§æ ÀÒÂã¹»ÃÐà·È ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂ ·Ñé§·Õèà»š¹¡ÒÃ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ áÅÐà»š¹ ¡ÒÃà´Ô¹·Ò§´ŒÇÂË¹ŒÒ·Õè¡ÒÃ§Ò¹ ¡ÒÃ·ÕèÈÃÕÊÑª¹ÒÅÑÂà»š¹Ê¶Ò¹·ÕèÍÑ¹´Ñº Ë¹Öè§ã¹´Ç§ã¨¹Ñé¹ ¤§º‹§ºÍ¡¶Ö§¤Ø³¤‹Ò¢Í§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡áË‹§¹Õéä´ŒªÑ´à¨¹ ÍÒ¨ÒÃÂ ¤ÁÊÑ¹ä´Œ¡Å‹ÒÇ¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁ»ÃÐ·Ñºã¨à»š¹¡ÒÃ» ´·ŒÒÂº·Ê¹·¹Ò äÇŒÇ‹Ò “áÁŒ¡ÒÅàÇÅÒ¨Ðà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ áÅÐ¼ÙŒ¤¹¨Ðà»ÅÕèÂ¹ä» ËÒ¡áµ‹ ¼Áä´Œ¡ÅÑºÁÒ·Õè¹ÕèäÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨ÐàÁ×èÍäËÃ‹ ¤ÇÒÁÊÇÂ§ÒÁáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ»ÃÐ·Ñºã¨ ÂÑ§¤§ÁÕÃÍÍÂÙ‹àÊÁÍ” à§Ô¹·Í§·ÕèäËÅà¢ŒÒÁÒ§Ò¹ËÃ×ÍÀÒÃÐ·ÕèµŒÍ§´ÙáÅ áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ§´§ÒÁ ÍÑ§·Ã§¤Ø³¤‹Ò äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¤Ø³¨ÐÁÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡¨Ò¡ÁØÁäË¹ äÁ‹Ç‹ÒÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ ¨Ðà»š¹¢Í§àÃÒËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ ¤Ø³¤‹Ò·Õèá·Œ¨ÃÔ§¢Í§¡ŒÍ¹ËÔ¹·ÕèàÃÕÂ§ÃÒÂã¹áµ‹ÅÐ ¡ŒÍ¹·Ñº«ŒÍ¹à»š¹¡íÒá¾§àÁ×Í§ àÊÒËÔ¹ ÇÔËÒÃ à¨´ÕÂ ËÃ×Í¾ÃÐ¾Ø·¸ÃÙ» áÁŒ¨Ð´Ù·ÃØ´â·ÃÁÅ§µÒÁ¡ÒÅàÇÅÒ áµ‹¡çä´ŒÁÍº¤Ø³¤‹Ò·ÕèÂÔè§ãËÞ‹ Ê×èÍ ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ÁÃ´¡ÍÑ¹ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·Õ¤è ¹·Ñ§é âÅ¡¤ÇÃ¨ÐÃ‹ÇÁÁ×Í¡Ñ¹ª‹ÇÂÃÑ¡ÉÒäÇŒ à¾ÃÒÐ¼ÙŒ·Õèä´ŒÃÑºÁÃ´¡ÍÑ¹ÁÕ»ÃÐâÂª¹ ÂÔè§¹Õé·Õèá·Œ¨ÃÔ§ÍÒ¨äÁ‹ãª‹à¾ÕÂ§ ¾Ç¡àÃÒ áµ‹à»š¹àÂÒÇª¹¤¹ÃØ‹¹µ‹ÍÁÒ¢Í§âÅ¡ ·Õè¨Ðä´ŒàËç¹áÅÐ»ÃÐ¨Ñ¡É ¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÂÔ§è ãËÞ‹¢Í§ÊÔ§è ·ÕÁè ¤Õ ÇÒÁËÁÒÂ·Õ¤è ¹ËÅÒÂª‹Ç§ÍÒÂØ¤¹¡‹Í¹Ë¹ŒÒ à¢Òä´ŒÃÔàÃÔèÁ¡‹ÍÊÃŒÒ§¢Öé¹ÁÒ â´ÂÁÕ¾Ç¡àÃÒã¹ÇÑ¹¹Õéä´ŒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ÃÑ¡ÉÒäÇŒãËŒ Ê×º·Í´µ‹Íä»ã¹Í¹Ò¤µß

of the site and maintenance of the yard or cleanliness of the ancient sites here have been very well done. More importantly, I ﬁnd that the atmosphere here seems always beautiful and impressive. Good lighting together with architecture can enchant photography.” For those who have chances to visit famous places in the country either for pleasure or business, Sri Satchanalai is the number one which clearly stands for its value as the world heritage. Prof. Komsan has made his ﬁnal statement: “Time and people change, but whenever I come back here, this place is always beautiful and impressive.” Whatever aspects we are looking into, money, job or burden on maintenance, and the beauty of the world heritage, whether or not it is our world heritage, the real value of city walls that made of stones, poles, temples, pagodas, or the Buddha images, even deteriorating through time, their greatness as important world heritages should the citizens of the world help to preserve. The heritages belong to the next generations as we have come to realize the greatness of many generations before us had initiated, and today we as a follower help carry on this mission for the future.ß 19

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal

ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ : ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¡Ñº¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ The International Day for Biological Diversity : Biological Diversity and Agriculture

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The International Day for Biological Diversity has been declared by the United Nations to be on the 22nd of May. As a result, the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity has encouraged parties to launch the International Day for Biological Diversity and ensure that conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity becomes part of their national agenda. Celebrations like campaigns or activities for the event should be nationally undertaken along with international celebration to promote knowledge, understanding, and public awareness on the importance of conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity in all sectors. The International Day for Biological Diversity was ﬁrst designated on the 29th of December, which was the date that the Convention on Biological Diversity reached the threshold of 30 parties, thereby entering into force in 1993. However, since that day falls during the Christmas and New Year holidays the UN General Assembly in December 2000, agreed to use the date of adoption of the text of the convention on the 22nd of May as International Day for Biological Diversity.

¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 8Ç ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ Environmental Oﬃcial, Level 8, Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

à¾ÃÒ¾ÃÃ³ ·Í§ÊŒÁ11 Praopan Tongsom

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ I Balance and Diverse »ÃÐà·È·ÑèÇâÅ¡ä´ŒãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÃ‹ÇÁÁ×Íã¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁà¾×èÍ©ÅÍ§ ÇÑ ¹ ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§ ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕ Ç ÀÒ¾ »ÃÐà·Èä·Ââ´Â ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ã¹°Ò¹ÐË¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹¡ÅÒ§»ÃÐÊÒ¹¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ ä´Œ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁµ‹Ò§æ ¢Öé¹·Ø¡»‚à¾×èÍ ©ÅÍ§ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅÏ ä´Œá¡‹ ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´»ÃÐªØÁÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ »ÅÙ¡äÁŒ¾×é¹àÁ×Í§·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹»ÃÐ¨íÒ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´à¾×èÍ¿„œ¹¿Ù¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ ªÕÇÀÒ¾ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§Ã‹ÇÁ¡ÑºÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂã¹ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ áÅÐÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁµÃÐË¹Ñ¡µ‹Í¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ ªÕÇÀÒ¾ãËŒ¡Ñº¹ÔÊÔµ ¹Ñ¡ÈÖ¡ÉÒáÅÐ»ÃÐªÒª¹·ÑèÇä» Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ä´Œ¡íÒË¹´ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ ÊíÒËÃÑºÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ã¹áµ‹ÅÐ»‚ à¾×èÍãËŒ »ÃÐà·ÈÀÒ¤ÕÁØ‹§à¹Œ¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁáÅÐ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹µ‹Íà¹×èÍ§ ÀÒÂãµŒËÑÇ¢ŒÍà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé

Nations around the world have supported activities celebrating the International Day for Biological Diversity. To observe the day, the Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, as Thailand’s National Focal Point for the Convention on Biological Diversity has annually organized activities such as technical conference and the restoration of biodiversity by planting local plants of the province, as well as cooperation with regional universities to provide knowledge and awareness on biodiversity to their students and the public. The Convention on Biological Diversity has deﬁned yearly theme for the International Day for Biological Diversity to support parties to continually organize the event under the same theme given as :

»‚ ¤.È. 2002 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾»†ÒäÁŒ »‚ ¤.È. 2003 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾áÅÐ¡ÒÃ¢¨Ñ´¤ÇÒÁ ÂÒ¡¨¹ »‚ ¤.È. 2004 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ : ÍÒËÒÃ ¹éíÒ ÊØ¢ÀÒ¾ »‚ ¤.È. 2005 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ : ªÕÇÔµ·ÕèÁÑè¹¤§ ã¹âÅ¡·Õè¡íÒÅÑ§à»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ »‚ ¤.È. 2006 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ã¹¾×é¹·ÕèáËŒ§áÅŒ§¡Öè§ª×é¹ »‚ ¤.È. 2007 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾áÅÐ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ »‚ ¤.È. 2008 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¡Ñº¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ

Year 2002 Dedicated to Forest Biodiversity Year 2003 Biodiversity and Poverty Alleviation - Challenges for Sustainable Development Year 2004 Biodiversity : Food, Water and Health for All Year 2005 Biodiversity : Life Insurance for our Changing World Year 2006 Protect Biodiversity in Drylands Year 2007 Biodiversity and Climate Change Year 2008 Biodiversity and Agriculture

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal ÊíÒËÃÑº»‚ ¤.È. 2008 ¹Õé àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁ ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ä´Œá¶Å§¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¡Ñº¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃÇ‹ÒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¨íÒà»š¹ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÔè§·Õè¨ÐµŒÍ§¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ ÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¢Í§âÅ¡ à¾×èÍÊíÒÃÍ§äÇŒà»š¹ÇÑµ¶Ø´Ôº ÊíÒËÃÑº¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ«Öè§¨ÐãËŒ¼Å¼ÅÔµà»š¹ÍÒËÒÃÊíÒËÃÑººíÒÃØ§àÅÕéÂ§ Á¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ áÅÐä´ŒáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁ¡Ñ§ÇÅÇ‹ÒËÒ¡ÍÑµÃÒ¡ÒÃÊÙÞ¾Ñ¹¸Ø ¢Í§ ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµÂÑ§¤§´íÒà¹Ô¹µ‹Íä»àª‹¹¹Õé ¨Ðà»š¹¡ÒÃÂÒ¡·Õè¨ÐËÒáËÅ‹§ÍÒËÒÃ ÊíÒËÃÑº»ÃÐªÒ¡ÃâÅ¡·Õè¶Ù¡¤Ò´¡ÒÃ³ Ç‹Ò¨Ðà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹¶Ö§à¡ŒÒ¾Ñ¹ÅŒÒ¹¤¹ ÀÒÂã¹¤ÃÖè§ÈµÇÃÃÉ¹Õé ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾·Õè¨Ñ´â´Â»ÃÐà·ÈÀÒ¤Õ·ÑèÇâÅ¡ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ã¹»‚¹Õé ¨Ö§à»š¹¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ·Õèà¹Œ¹¶Ö§¤Ø³¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾à¡ÉµÃà¾×èÍ¤ÇÒÁÁÑè¹¤§·Ò§ÍÒËÒÃáÅÐâÀª¹Ò¡ÒÃ¢Í§ Á¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¤ÇÒÁà»š¹ÍÂÙ‹¢Í§»ÃÐªÒª¹ã¹ÀÒ¤ à¡ÉµÃ¡ÃÃÁã¹ª¹º· ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁàËÅ‹Ò¹Õéä´Œà¹Œ¹ÂéíÒ¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁ¨íÒà»š¹¢Í§ ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹à¾×èÍËÂØ´ÂÑé§¡ÒÃÊÙÞàÊÕÂ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ à¡ÉµÃáÅÐ¡ÒÃãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ¾×é¹·Õèà¡ÉµÃ¡ÃÃÁà¾×èÍ Â¡ÃÐ´Ñº¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§à¡ÉµÃ¡Ã â´Â·Õ è » ÃÐà·ÈÊ‹ Ç ¹ãËÞ‹ ã ¹âÅ¡à»š ¹ »ÃÐà·Èà¡ÉµÃ¡ÃÃÁ ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹Í¹ØÃÑ¡É áÅÐãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹ ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ à¡ÉµÃÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹¨Ö§ÁÕº·ºÒ·ã¹¡ÒÃ¢¨Ñ´¤ÇÒÁÂÒ¡¨¹¢Í§»ÃÐªÒ¡Ã âÅ¡ãËŒËÁ´ä»ä´ŒµÒÁà»‡ÒËÁÒÂ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹ÒáË‹§ÊËÑÊÇÃÃÉ «Ö§è à»‡ÒËÁÒÂ ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇä´ŒÃÐºØ¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ ªÕÇÀÒ¾Ç‹Ò¨ÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃºÃÃÅØ¼ÅÊíÒàÃç¨ã¹¡ÒÃ¢¨Ñ´¤ÇÒÁ ÂÒ¡¨¹Å§ä´Œ à»‡ÒËÁÒÂ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇä´ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃÃÑºÃÍ§â´ÂÊË»ÃÐªÒªÒµÔ ã¹»‚ ¤.È. 2000 ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹Í¹ØÃÑ¡É áÅÐãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹ ¤ÇÒÁ ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾à¡ÉµÃÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹ÂÑ§à»š¹¡ÒÃµÍºÊ¹Í§µ‹Í à»‡ÒËÁÒÂ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ ¤.È. 2010 «Öè§ä´ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃ ÃÑºÃÍ§¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÊØ´ÂÍ´âÅ¡Ç‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹ÒÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑ§è Â×¹ ³ ¹¤Ã â¨ÎÑ¹à¹ÊàºÔÃ ¡ »ÃÐà·ÈáÍ¿ÃÔ¡ÒãµŒ ã¹»‚ ¤.È. 2002 ·Õè»ÃÐªØÁ «Öè§»ÃÐ¡Íº´ŒÇÂ¼ÙŒá·¹¨Ò¡»ÃÐà·È·ÑèÇâÅ¡ä´ŒÇÒ§à»‡ÒËÁÒÂãËŒÁÕ ¡ÒÃÅ´ÍÑµÃÒ¡ÒÃÊÙÞàÊÕÂ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾Å§ÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÕ ¹ÑÂÊíÒ¤ÑÞÀÒÂã¹»‚ ¤.È.2010 ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾à¡ÉµÃ¤ÃÍº¤ÅØÁ 3 ÃÐ´Ñº ¤×Í 1) ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃ¡Ñ É ÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈà¡ÉµÃ «Ö§è ä´Œá¡‹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃ¡Ñ É ¾¹é× ·Õè à¡ÉµÃ¡ÃÃÁµ‹Ò§æ àª‹¹ ¾×é¹·Õè»ÅÙ¡¾×ªÊÇ¹ äÃ‹ ¹Ò ¾×é¹·ÕèàÅÕéÂ§»ÈØÊÑµÇ ¾×¹é ·Õàè ÅÕÂé §ÊÑµÇ ¹Òíé 2) ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃ¡Ñ É ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Øá ÅÐÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø· Ò§¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ (conservation of species and varieties used in agriculture) â´Âà©¾ÒÐÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÔè§ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø áÅÐÊÒÂ¾Ñ¹¸Ø ¾×é¹àÁ×Í§´Ñé§à´ÔÁ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ àª‹¹ â¤ ¡ÃÐº×Í ÊØ¡Ã¾Ñ¹¸Ø ¾×é¹àÁ×Í§¢Í§ä·Â à»š¹µŒ¹ 3) ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾à¡ÉµÃàËÅ‹Ò¹Õé¨Ðª‹ÇÂãËŒ à ¡ÉµÃ¡Ã ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¤Ñ´àÅ×Í¡¾Ñ¹¸Ø ·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁ¡ÑºÊÀÒ¾¾×é¹·Õè áÅÐ/ËÃ×Í»˜¨¨ÑÂ·Ò§ ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·Õèà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ä»à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈä´Œ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ã¹¢³Ð·Õâè Å¡¡íÒÅÑ§»ÃÐÊº¡Ñº»˜ÞËÒÇÔ¡Äµ¡ÒÃ³ ÍÒËÒÃ¢Ò´á¤Å¹áÅÐ ÁÕÃÒ¤ÒÊÙ§ ¨Ö§¨íÒà»š¹·Õè»ÃÐà·Èµ‹Ò§æ ¨ÐµŒÍ§àÃ‹§´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃáÅÐÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾à¡ÉµÃ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡»ÃÐà·È·ÕèÁÕ ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾à¡ÉµÃÊÙ§ ¨ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁä´Œà»ÃÕÂº¡Ç‹Ò·Ò§ ¤ÇÒÁÁÑè¹¤§·Ò§ÍÒËÒÃ áÅÐ¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ·ÕèÂÑè§Â×¹ 22

As for the year 2008, the Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity has stated the importance of biodiversity for agriculture that it was necessary to protect and preserve world’s biodiversity as raw materials for agriculture to produce food for mankind. Within half a century, world population was predicted to reach nine billion and food shortages seem imminent if the extinction rate of species continued to grow. Consequently, activities of the International Day for Biological Diversity this year for all parties human food, including Thailand, would emphasize the value and importance of agricultural biodiversity for security and nutrition, as well as the development of rural farmers’ living conditions. These activities would also underline the necessity of putting an end to the loss in agricultural biodiversity and to pay more attention to the conservation of agricultural area in order to alleviate farmers’ quality of life. The majority of the nations of the world are still based on agriculture; therefore, conservation and sustainable utilization of agricultural biodiversity will play a key role in the abolition of world poverty as stated in the Millennium Development Goal. The Millennium Development Goal, endorsed by the UN in 2000, had identified the conservation of biodiversity so as to contribute to the goal of poverty eradication. Moreover, conservation and sustainable utilization of agricultural biodiversity is in response to the goal for 2010. It was endorsed by the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002. A meeting between representatives from nations around the world set a target for significant reduction of biodiversity loss by the year 2010. The conservation of agricultural biodiversity involves three levels, which are 1) conservation of agricultural ecosystem in agricultural land, such as horticultural areas, fields, farmlands livestock and aqua cultural areas; 2) conservation of species and varieties used in agriculture, especially local and native species and varieties, such as native cows, buffaloes and pigs. 3) This conservation of biodiversity for agriculture helps farmers choose species which are good for the local area and/or the environmental factors fit local weather conditions. While the world is facing a crisis of food shortages and high costs, nations must have arrangements concerning the promotion of agricultural biodiversity conservation. Countries with high agricultural biodiversity have more advantages on food security and sustainable agriculture.

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ I Balance and Diverse Êí Ò ¹Ñ ¡ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô ¡ ÒÃÍ¹Ø Ê Ñ Þ ÞÒÇ‹ Ò ´Œ Ç Â¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ ªÕÇÀÒ¾ä´ŒãªŒâÍ¡ÒÊÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾»‚¹Õé ¡ÃÐµØŒ¹ãËŒ»ÃÐà·ÈÀÒ¤ÕÃÔàÃÔèÁãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ ªÕÇÀÒ¾à¡ÉµÃ ã¹¢³Ð·Õ»è ÃÐà·Èä·Âä´ŒÁ¡Õ ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹Í¹ØÃ¡Ñ É ¤ÇÒÁ ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾à¡ÉµÃà¾×èÍ¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ·ÕèÂÑè§Â×¹ÁÒ¡‹Í¹Ë¹ŒÒ¹Õé áÅŒÇ â´Â´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹µÒÁà¡ÉµÃ·ÄÉ®ÕãËÁ‹¢Í§¾ÃÐºÒ·ÊÁà´ç¨ ¾ÃÐà¨ŒÒÍÂÙË‹ ÇÑ Ï «Ö§è ¾ÃÐÍ§¤ ·Ò‹ ¹·Ã§ä´Œ·Òí ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÇÔ¨ÂÑ àªÔ§»¯ÔºµÑ ¡Ô ÒÃ ÁÒà»š¹àÇÅÒ¹Ò¹ã¹¾×é¹·ÕèÊ‹Ç¹¾ÃÐÍ§¤ ¡‹Í¹¾ÃÐÃÒª·Ò¹á¡‹¾Ê¡¹Ô¡Ã ªÒÇä·Âã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2537 ËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃ¢Í§à¡ÉµÃ·ÄÉ®ÕãËÁ‹¹Õé à¹Œ¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ·Õ´è ¹Ô áÅÐ¹éÒí ÊíÒËÃÑº¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ·ÕÂè §èÑ Â×¹ â´Â¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡ÃÃÐ´ÑºäÃ‹¹ÒÍÂ‹Ò§àËÁÒÐÊÁ´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§áËÅ‹§¹éÒí ã¹·Õ´è ¹Ô ÊíÒËÃÑº ¡ÒÃ·íÒ¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃáºº¼ÊÁ¼ÊÒ¹ËÃ×Í¡ÒÃ·íÒà¡ÉµÃ·ÕèËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂã¹ ¾×¹é ·Õàè ´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ ä´Œá¡‹ ¡ÒÃ»ÅÙ¡¾×ªËÁØ¹àÇÕÂ¹áÅÐ¡ÒÃ»ÅÙ¡¾×ªËÅÒÂæ ª¹Ô´ ¤Çº¤Ù‹¡Ñº¡ÒÃàÅÕéÂ§ÊÑµÇ ¡ÒÃ»ÅÙ¡¾×ªÊÁØ¹ä¾Ã ¡ÒÃ·íÒ¹Ò¢ŒÒÇ ¾×ªÊÇ¹ ¾×ªäÃè ã¹ÅÑ¡É³ÐäÃè¹Ò¼ÊÁ¼ÊÒ¹/äÃè¹ÒÊÇ¹¼ÊÁ à¾×èÍà©ÅÕèÂ ¤ÇÒÁàÊÕèÂ§äÁ‹ãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂàÁ×èÍÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁá»Ã»ÃÇ¹ ¶×Íà»š¹ ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈà¡ÉµÃãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅ ÁÑè¹¤§ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ã¹¾×é¹·Õè ·íÒãËŒà¡ÉµÃ¡ÃÁÕÍÒËÒÃÊíÒËÃÑº ºÃÔâÀ¤áÅÐÁÕÃÒÂä´ŒµÅÍ´·Ñé§»‚ ÊÔè§àËÅ‹Ò¹Õé¤×ÍËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É áÅÐãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹ ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹â´Âá·Œ ¨Ò¡ ËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ ·íÒãËŒàÃÒä´ŒàËç¹¶Ö§¾ÃÐÍÑ¨©ÃÔÂÀÒ¾¢Í§¾ÃÐÍ§¤ ·Ò‹ ¹ ã¹´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾áÅÐ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÒÃ à¡ÉµÃÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑ§è Â×¹ «Ö§è ·íÒãËŒà¡ÉµÃ¡Ãä·ÂÁÕªÇÕ µÔ ·ÕÁè ¹èÑ ¤§ ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¾Ö§è ¾Ò µ¹àÍ§ä´ŒáÅÐÁÕ¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ªÕÇÔµ·Õè´Õ ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾äÁ‹ä´ŒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ à¾ÕÂ§¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁã¹ÇÑ¹·Õè 22 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Áà¾ÕÂ§ÇÑ¹à´ÕÂÇ áµ‹¡ÒÃ ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹â´ÂÊ×ºà¹×Íè §¹Ñ¹é ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹·Õàè ¡ÕÂè Ç¢ŒÍ§ ¤ÇÃÃ‹ÇÁÁ×Í¡Ñ¹´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹áÅÐÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁãËŒ»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÁÕ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾à¡ÉµÃÍÂ‹Ò§µ‹Íà¹×èÍ§áÅÐ¨ÃÔ§¨Ñ§ «Öè§ÁÔãª‹ à¾×èÍµÍºÊ¹Í§µ‹Íà»‡ÒËÁÒÂã¹ÃÐ´ÑºâÅ¡´Ñ§·Õèä´Œ¡Å‹ÒÇÁÒáÅŒÇà·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ áµ‹·§éÑ ¹Õàé ¾×Íè ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ¢Í§ä·ÂãËŒÁ¤Õ ÇÒÁÂÑ§è Â×¹ «Ö§è ¨ÐÊ‹§¼Å ãËŒà¡ÉµÃ¡Ãä·ÂÁÕªÕÇÔµ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹ÍÂÙ‹·Õè´Õ »ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÁÑè¹¤§ ·Ò§ÍÒËÒÃáÅÐ¾Öè§¾Òµ¹àÍ§ä´ŒµÒÁËÅÑ¡»ÃÑªÞÒàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¾Íà¾ÕÂ§ Ê×ºä»ß

The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity has just taken this year to be International Day for Agricultural Biological Diversity to encourage member countries to pay more attention to the biodiversity for agriculture. While Thailand has initiated and offered to the public, the sustainable conservation programs on biodiversity for agriculture through the New Theory of Agriculture from His Majesty the King’s long time action research, offered to the public in in 1994. The principle of New Theory Agriculture emphasize soil and water management for sustainable agriculture through field and water resource management used for integrated or mixed farming in the same area, for example, the planting of rotated and mixed crops in conjunction with animal husbandry, of medicinal plants, rice farming, mixed field corps, and garden plants. This helps reduce risk and damage caused by irregular changes in the environment. It is an ecosystem management system for stable biodiversity in the area so that farmers will have enough food and income throughout the year. These are the principles on conservation and utilization for a truly sustainable biodiversity which reflect His Majesty the King’s talents in the conservation of biodiversity and the development of sustainable agriculture resulting in Thai farmers being more secure in life for they can become self reliant and have a better quality of life. The International Day for Biological Diversity does not consist of just some activities on the 22nd of May, but the continued working on it is far more important. Concerned parties should render support and promote the works so that Thailand receives meaningful and continued conservation of biodiversity for agriculture. This is not just to respond to the global goal, but also for the country’s development of sustainable agriculture which will produce a better quality of life for Thai farmers through becoming more secure on food and self reliant in correspondence with the Philosophy of the Sufficiency Economy.ß

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¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·íÒÃŒÒÂàÃÒ ËÃ×Í àÃÒ·íÒÃŒÒÂ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ Natural Disasters - the Fault of Man or Nature? ÁÔè§¢ÇÑÞ ¸ÃÈÔÃÔ¡ØÅ1 áÅÐ 1 ÍÃØ³ÇÃÃ³ ¹Øª¾‹Ç§2 Mingkwan Thornsirikul and Aroonwan Nuchpoung2

âÅ¡ÁÕÇÑ¯¨Ñ¡ÃµÒÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¢Í§ ´Ô¹ ¹éíÒ ÅÁ ä¿ ·Õèà¡Ô´ ´ŒÇÂµÑÇ¢Í§âÅ¡àÍ§ à»š¹¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·Õèà¡Ô´ÁÒ¾ÃŒÍÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ¡íÒà¹Ô´âÅ¡ ÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ·Ñé§´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÂÀÒ¾ à¤ÁÕ áÅÐªÕÇÀÒ¾ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÀÙà¢Òä¿ÃÐàºÔ´ á¼‹¹´Ô¹äËÇ ¾ÒÂØ áÅÐÍ×è¹æ ¨Ö§à»š¹ ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¢Í§âÅ¡ãº¹Õé·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÁÒµÑé§áµ‹Í´Õµ¡ÒÅ áÅÐ¨Ðà¡Ô´µ‹Íä»ÍÂ‹Ò§äÁ‹ÊÔé¹ÊØ´ËÒ¡ÊÀÒÇÐÂÑ§äÁ‹ÊÁ´ØÅ Á¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ áÅÐÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµµ‹Ò§æ ¡çà»š¹Ê‹Ç¹Ë¹Öè§¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ «Öè§ÁÕ¡ÒÃÇÔÇÑ²¹Ò¡ÒÃ ¡ÒÃ»ÃÑºµÑÇáÅÐ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§µÒÁÊÀÒ¾¡ÒÂÀÒ¾áÅÐà¤ÁÕ¢Í§ âÅ¡àª‹¹¡Ñ¹ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹¡ÒÃ½„¹ËÃ×ÍàÍÒª¹Ð¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔà¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÍÂÙ‹ÃÍ´¢Í§ Á¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ¨Ö§à»š¹¡ÒÃ·íÒãËŒÇÑ¯¨Ñ¡Ã¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¡ÅÑºÁÒ·íÒÃŒÒÂµÑÇàÃÒ ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹

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Our planet was born with natural cycles of the four elements, i.e. soil, water, wind, and ﬁre. These cycles continuously go through physical, chemical, and biological changes resulting in acts of nature such as volcanic eruption, earthquake, storm, and so on. As long as the four elements have not reached a balance, these acts of natural processes will continue. Man and all living organisms are also a part of nature that evolve, change, and adapt to the physical and chemical changes of the world. Therefore, whether man’s quest to resist and defeat the processes of nature would backﬁre remains the question.

¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 8Ç ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à¨ŒÒË¹ŒÒ·ÕèÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË ¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹ ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ Environmental official, Level 8, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning. Policy and planning Analyst, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning.

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ I Balance and Diverse àËµØ¡ÒÃ³ ¤ÇÒÁËÒÂ¹Ðµ‹Ò§æ ¨Ò¡ÁËÑ¹µÀÑÂ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ ·ÑèÇâÅ¡ äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¾ÒÂØ·ÍÃ ¹Òâ´ àÎÍÃÔà¤¹ ä«â¤Å¹ äµŒ½Ø†¹ á¼‹¹´Ô¹äËÇ ÀÙà¢Òä¿ÃÐàºÔ´ áÅÐÊÖ¹ÒÁÔ ÅŒÇ¹à»š¹àËµØ¡ÒÃ³ ·ÕèÁÔãª‹àÃ×èÍ§ä¡ÅµÑÇ ÍÕ¡µ‹Íä»áÅŒÇ ÀÑÂ¾ÔºµÑ àÔ ËÅ‹Ò¹ÕÁé àÕ ¡Ô´ãËŒàËç¹º‹ÍÂ¤ÃÑ§é ¢Ö¹é ÃØ¹áÃ§¢Ö¹é áÅÐ áµ‹ÅÐ¤ÃÑ§é ä´ŒÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂ¹Ò¹Ñº»ÃÐ¡ÒÃ ·Ñ§é ¤Ã‹ÒªÕÇµÔ ¼Ù¤Œ ¹ÅŒÁµÒÂ ºÒ´à¨çº ¾Ô¡ÒÃ ·íÒÅÒÂ·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ÍÒÈÑÂ áËÅ‹§ÍÒËÒÃ áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ áÅÐ»˜¨¨ÑÂ ¡ÒÃ´íÒÃ§ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ áÅÐÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµÍ×è¹æ ÍÂ‹Ò§Â‹ÍÂÂÑº ÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈ áÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¶Ù¡·íÒÅÒÂÍÂ‹Ò§ÊÔé¹àªÔ§ ´Ñ§µÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§Å‹ÒÊØ´·Õèã¡ÅŒµÑÇ ·ÕèÊØ´à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤àÍàªÕÂ¢Í§àÃÒ¹ÕèàÍ§ ¤×Í¡ÒÃà¢ŒÒ·íÒÅÒÂ¢Í§¾ÒÂØ ä«â¤Å¹¹ÒÃ ¡ÕÊ «Öè§¡íÒà¹Ô´ã¹ÁËÒÊÁØ·ÃÍÔ¹à´ÕÂ áÅŒÇà¤Å×èÍ¹µÑÇà¢ŒÒÊÙ‹ ªÒÂ½˜›§´ŒÒ¹µÐÇÑ¹µ¡à©ÕÂ§ãµŒ¢Í§»ÃÐà·È¾Á‹ÒàÁ×èÍà·ÕèÂ§¤×¹¢Í§ÇÑ¹·Õè 2 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á ·Õè¼‹Ò¹ÁÒ ´ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇÅÁ¶Ö§ 216 ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµ‹ÍªÑèÇâÁ§ à»š¹ä«â¤Å¹·ÕÁè ¤Õ ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÃÐ´Ñº 43 ÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂÍÂ‹Ò§ÁËÒÈÒÅ â´Âà©¾ÒÐ¾×¹é ·Õªè ÒÂ½˜§› ·ÐàÅ áÅÐ·ÕÃè ÒºÅØÁ‹ ÊÒÁàËÅÕÂè Á»Ò¡áÁ‹¹Òíé ÍÔÃÐÇ´Õ ·íÒãËŒ¾×é¹·ÕèÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 5,000 µÒÃÒ§¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ µŒÍ§¨ÁÍÂÙ‹ãµŒ¹éíÒ ¤Ò´Ç‹ÒÁÕ¼àŒÙ ÊÕÂªÕÇµÔ áÅÐÊÙÞËÒÂÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒáÊ¹¤¹ äÁ‹¹ÍŒ Â¡Ç‹Ò 1.5 ÅŒÒ¹¤¹ µŒÍ§¡ÒÃ¤ÇÒÁª‹ÇÂàËÅ×ÍÍÂ‹Ò§àÃ‹§´‹Ç¹ áÅÐ¼ÙŒÃÍ´ªÕÇÔµ¡Ç‹Ò 2 ÅŒÒ¹¤¹ ÍÒ¨ÁÕ¡ÒÃÅŒÁµÒÂà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ÍÕ¡ËÒ¡¤ÇÒÁª‹ÇÂàËÅ×ÍÂÑ§ÁÒäÁ‹¶Ö§ 10 ÇÑ¹µ‹ÍÁÒ ã¹ÇÑ¹·Õè 12 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á àÇÅÒ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 14.30 ¹. µÒÁàÇÅÒ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹»ÃÐà·È¨Õ¹ ä´Œà¡Ô´á¼‹¹´Ô¹äËÇ¤ÃÑé§ÃŒÒÂáÃ§·ÕèÊØ´ ¤ÃÑ§é Ë¹Ö§è «Ö§è ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§¶Ö§ 7.9 µÒÁÁÒµÃÒÃÔ¡àµÍÃ ·ÕÁè ³±ÅàÊ©Ç¹ «Ö§è ÍÂÙ·‹ Ò§´ŒÒ¹µÐÇÑ¹µ¡à©ÕÂ§ãµŒ¢Í§»ÃÐà·È¨Õ¹ ÁÕ¼àŒÙ ÊÕÂªÕÇµÔ ¶Ö§ 14,463 ¤¹ ÊÙÞËÒÂ 14,051 ¤¹ ¶Ù¡½˜§ÀÒÂãµŒ«Ò¡»ÃÑ¡ËÑ¡¾Ñ§¶Ö§ 25,788 ¤¹ áÅÐºÒ´à¨çºÁÒ¡¶Ö§ 64,746 ¤¹ ÃÇÁáÅŒÇÁÕ¼ÙŒ»ÃÐÊºÀÑÂ¶Ö§áÊ¹¤¹ (³ ÇÑ¹·Õè 14 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2551) «Öè§ÁÕáÃ§ÊÑè¹ÊÐà·×Í¹ÁÒ¶Ö§¡ÃØ§à·¾-

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Natural disasters happening around the world, such as tornado, hurricane, cyclone, typhoon, earthquake, volcanic eruption, and tsunami, are no longer a far - fetched image in anyone’s mind as they are happening more often and more destructive. Each event not only tallies high casualties, but also destroys homes, food and water resources, as well as living essentials for both man and other organisms. Ecosystems and environment are inevitably severely harmed. Cyclone Nargis, the most recent and the deadliest natural disaster that just occurred right in our Asia region, can very well illustrate such destructive act done by the nature. This cyclone was formed in the Indian Ocean and hit the southwestern coastline of Burma (Myanmar) around the midnight on May 2, 2008 with the maximum wind speed of 216 kilometers per hour, making it a Category 4 cyclone3. Cyclone Nargis severely damaged Burmese coast and the Irrawaddy Delta, making more than 5,000 km2 of land submerged in the water. Over 100,000 people were estimated to be dead and missing and around 1.5 millions were in need of immediate assistance. Had the help not come in time, over 2 millions survivors could add to the death toll. Ten days later, on May 12, 2008 around 2.30 pm. local time, China was hit by a massive earthquake measured 7.9

ä«â¤Å¹ÃÐ´Ñº 4 ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ ¾ÒÂØ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇÅÁ � â´ÂÊÔé¹àªÔ§ Ê‹Ç¹â¤Ã§ÊÃŒÒ§·Õèá¢ç§áÃ§ä´ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂË¹Ñ¡ Category 4 Cyclone - Cyclones with wind speed 131 - 155 miles per hour (209 - 248 kilometers per hour). Storm surge 5.5 meters. Small houses damaged and some parts blown away with the wind. Signiﬁcant structural and house damage.

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal ÁËÒ¹¤Ã´ŒÇÂ áÅÐàÁ×èÍÂŒÍ¹ä»àÁ×èÍ¡Ç‹Ò 60 »‚·Õè¼‹Ò¹ÁÒ âÅ¡àÃÒµŒÍ§ à¼ªÔÞ¡ÑºÀÑÂ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèÃŒÒÂáÃ§â´Âà©¾ÒÐ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´¾ÒÂØËÁØ¹à¢µÃŒÍ¹ ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÃÐ´Ñº 54 «Öè§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´¶Ö§ 224 ÅÙ¡ ¨Ö§à»š¹ àÃ×èÍ§á¹‹¹Í¹Ç‹Òã¹Í¹Ò¤µàÃÒ¤§Ë¹ÕäÁ‹¾Œ¹·Õè¨ÐµŒÍ§¼¨Þ¡ÑºÁËÑ¹µÀÑÂ àËÅ‹Ò¹Õé«éíÒáÅŒÇ«éíÒàÅ‹Ò ÊíÒËÃÑº»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¢Í§àÃÒ àÁ×èÍÈÖ¡ÉÒ¶Ö§»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ µÑé§áµ‹ ÍÒ³Ò¨Ñ¡ÃâÂ¹¡ (»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ÍÂÙã‹ ¹¾×¹é ·ÕÍè Òí àÀÍàªÕÂ§áÊ¹ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´àªÕÂ§ÃÒÂ) ·Õèä´ŒÁÕ¡ÒÃ¶Ù¡ºÑ¹·Ö¡¶Ö§¡ÒÃà¡Ô´á¼‹¹´Ô¹äËÇËÅÒÂ¤ÃÑé§ «Öè§¤ÃÑé§·ÕèÃØ¹áÃ§ ·ÕèÊØ´ ¶Ö§¡Ñº·íÒãËŒÍÒ³Ò¨Ñ¡ÃâÂ¹¡Å‹ÁÊÅÒÂ àÁ×èÍ»‚ ¾.È. 1003 áÅÐ ¨Ò¡ËÅÑ¡ÈÔÅÒ¨ÒÃÖ¡¢Í§ÍÒ³Ò¨Ñ¡ÃÊØâ¢·ÑÂä´ŒºÑ¹·Ö¡àËµØ¡ÒÃ³ á¼‹¹´Ô¹ äËÇ 2 ¤ÃÑé§ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õéã¹¾§ÈÒÇ´ÒÃ¢Í§¡ÃØ§ÈÃÕÍÂØ¸ÂÒÁÕ¡ÒÃºÑ¹·Ö¡ äÇŒ 7 ¤ÃÑé§ áÅÐ¾§ÈÒÇ´ÒÃ¢Í§àªÕÂ§ãËÁ‹ä´ŒºÑ¹·Ö¡äÇŒ 4 ¤ÃÑé§ áÅÐ ¤ÃÑé§ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹·ÕèàªÕÂ§ãËÁ‹ ¤×Í ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2088 ·íÒãËŒÂÍ´ à¨´ÕÂ ·ÕèÇÑ´à¨´ÕÂ ËÅÇ§ËÑ¡â¤‹¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§¾ºÍÕ¡Ç‹ÒàÁ×èÍ 60 »‚ ·Õè¼‹Ò¹ÁÒ ÁÕ¾ÒÂØËÁØ¹à¢µÃŒÍ¹à¤Å×èÍ¹à¢ŒÒÊÙ‹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¶Ö§ 182 ÅÙ¡ ÃÇÁ·Ñ§é ä´ŒÃºÑ ÀÑÂ¾ÔºµÑ ÊÔ ¹Ö ÒÁÔ «Ö§è à¡Ô´¨Ò¡á¼‹¹´Ô¹äËÇãµŒ·ÐàÅºÃÔàÇ³à¡ÒÐ ÊØÁÒµÃÒ¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈÍÔ¹â´¹Õà«ÕÂ àÁ×èÍ»‚ ¾.È. 2547 ·Õè¼‹Ò¹ÁÒäÁ‹¹Ò¹¹Õé áÅÐÂÑ§¾ºÍÕ¡Ç‹Òã¹ºÃÔàÇ³ÀÒ¤µÐÇÑ¹µ¡áÅÐÀÒ¤àË¹×Í¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ÁÕÃÍÂàÅ×èÍ¹ËÅÒÂÃÍÂàÅ×èÍ¹·ÕèÂÑ§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà¤Å×èÍ¹äËÇ´Ñ§àª‹¹ ÃÍÂàÅ×èÍ¹ áÁ‹·Òã¹ÀÒ¤àË¹×Í ÃÍÂàÅ×èÍ¹ÈÃÕÊÇÑÊ´Ôì ÃÍÂàÅ×èÍ¹ÃÐ¹Í§ - ¤ÅÍ§ ÁÒÃØÂ ã¹ÀÒ¤µÐÇÑ¹µ¡ à»š¹µŒ¹ ¤§µŒÍ§¢Í·Ôé§¤íÒ¶ÒÁäÇŒÇ‹Ò¨Ðà¡Ô´ÍÐäÃ µ‹Íä»ã¹ª‹Ç§ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§àÃÒáÅÐÅÙ¡ËÅÒ¹¢Í§àÃÒ áÅÐàÃÒ¨Ð´íÒÃ§ÍÂÙ‹ µ‹Íä»ÍÂ‹Ò§äÃ ¤§µŒÍ§¶Ö§àÇÅÒ·Õàè ÃÒ«Ö§è à»š¹Ê‹Ç¹Ë¹Ö§è ¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ µŒÍ§¾Ô¨ÒÃ³Ò ·º·Ç¹áÅŒÇÇ‹ÒÀÑÂ¾ÔºÑµÔ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÍÂ‹Ò§âË´ÃŒÒÂ¹Õéà»š¹¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·íÒ¢Í§ ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáµ‹à¾ÕÂ§½†ÒÂà´ÕÂÇ¨ÃÔ§ËÃ×Í «Öè§ËÒ¡ÁÍ§´ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁÂØµÔ¸ÃÃÁ µÒÁàËµØáÅÐ¼ÅáÅŒÇ ¤§µŒÍ§ÂÍÁÃÑºÇ‹ÒàÃÒ·Ø¡¤¹º¹âÅ¡ãº¹Õé¡çÁÕÊ‹Ç¹ ·íÒãËŒ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ¼Ô´¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ¡ÒÃ¤Ô´¤Œ¹ÊÔè§µ‹Ò§æ ´ŒÇÂ¾ÅÑ§ÊÁÍ§

4 4

on the Richter scale in its southwestern Sichuan province. 14,463 people were dead, another 14,051 were missing, 25,788 were buried in the debris, and 64,746 had been injured. The casualties total 100,000 people as of May 14, 2008. This earthquake can also be felt in Bangkok. When we went back to 60 years ago, our Earth has faced natural disasters such as 224 of the most destructive Category 5 tropical cyclones4. It is evident that we cannot escape from the cycle of such catastrophes in the future. In Thailand, tracing back to the era of Yonok Kingdom, once situated in the Chiang San district in Chiang Rai province, there are many records of earthquakes. The worst one eventually caused the fall of the Yonok Kingdom in 460. Not only that, two earthquakes were inscribed on the Sukhothai Kingdom’s Ramkhamhaeng stele. Seven earthquakes were mentioned in Ayutthaya Kingdom Chronicle, while Chiang Mai Kingdom Chronicle recorded four - with the most severe one in 1545 taking down the top of the pagoda at the Royal Pagoda temple. In the past 60 years, Thailand has endured 182 tropical cyclones as well as a recent tsunami catastrophe caused by underwater earthquake with an epicenter off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia in 2004. At present, there are still many slipping faults in Thailand, namely Mae Tha fault in the North, and Srisawat and Ranong - Khlong Marui faults in the West. With such many natural disasters waiting to happen, which one would happen in our lifetime, and how we and our offsprings would survive remain the questions. It is time for us, who are also a part of nature, to ponder whether these deadly catastrophic events hold only the nature at fault or else. With a logical and fair view on the subject, we need to admit that everyone of us contributes to the problem. Our inventions manipulate ecosystems and disrupt the natural cycles of the four elements, i.e. soil water, wind and ﬁre. Our progressive development aimed at controlling and overcoming the force of nature foregoes the important

ä«â¤Å¹ÃÐ´Ñº 5 ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ ¾ÒÂØ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇÅÁÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 155 äÁÅ µ‹ÍªÑèÇâÁ§ (ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 248 ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµ‹ÍªÑèÇâÁ§) ·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¹éíÒ·ÐàÅË¹Ø¹ÊÙ§à¡Ô¹¡Ç‹Ò 5.5 àÁµÃ ºŒÒ¹àÃ×Í¹¢¹Ò´àÅç¡¶Ù¡¾Ñ´ËÒÂä»¡Ñº¾ÒÂØ ºŒÒ¹àÃ×Í¹·Ø¡ÃÙ»áººä´ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂä»¡Ñº¾ÒÂØ ºŒÒ¹àÃ×Í¹·Ø¡ÃÙ»áººä´ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂâ´ÂÊÔé¹àªÔ§ Category 5 Cyclone - The most destructive cyclones with wind speed >155 miles per hour (>248 kilometers per hour). Storm surge >5.5 meters. Small houses completely destroyed and blown away with the wind. Signiﬁcant structural and house damage with widespread destruction

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ I Balance and Diverse

·Õè´ÕàÅÔÈ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ ¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§µ‹ÍÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈáÅÐ ÇÑ¯¨Ñ¡Ã¢Í§´Ô¹ ¹éíÒ ÅÁ ä¿ ¡ÒÃ¤Ô´¤Œ¹»ÃÐ´ÔÉ° ÊÔè§µ‹Ò§æ à¾×èÍ ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹ÒÍÂ‹Ò§äÁ‹ÊÔé¹ÊØ´à¾×èÍµŒÍ§¡ÒÃ·Ø¡ÊÔè§·Ø¡ÍÂ‹Ò§·Õè¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ÊÃŒÒ§äÇŒÁÒà»š¹¢Í§µ¹àÍ§ãËŒÁÒ¡·ÕÊè ´Ø µŒÍ§¡ÒÃàÍÒª¹Ð¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ äÁ‹¤Òí ¹Ö§ ¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹ äÁ‹¤íÒ¹Ö§¶Ö§¡ÒÃ·´á·¹ äÁ‹¤íÒ¹Ö§¶Ö§¡ÒÅàÇÅÒ äÁ‹ÁÕ¡ÒÃ ãËŒ¡ÅÑº¤×¹áÅÐ¿„œ¹¿Ù¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔÍÂ‹Ò§ÊÁ´ØÅ¡Ñ¹ ¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·íÒàËÅ‹Ò¹Õéà»š¹ ¡ÒÃ·íÒÃŒÒÂ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔãª‹ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ ¡‹Í¹·Õè¨ÐÊÒÂà¡Ô¹ä» àÃÒ·Ø¡¤¹µŒÍ§ËÑ¹ÁÒãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÊ¹ã¨¡Ñº ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ÃÍºµÑÇàÃÒãËŒÁÒ¡¢Öé¹æ ´ÙáÅàÍÒã¨ãÊ‹¡Ñº¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§ “¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹” áÅÐ “¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅ” ãËŒ¡Ñº·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐ ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ÁÕ¡ÒÃãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹ ÍÂ‹Ò§»ÃÐËÂÑ´ãËŒÊÁ´ØÅ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ áÅÐ¿„œ¹¿Ù ÃÇÁ·Ñé§µŒÍ§ËÑ¹ÁÒãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹ ¡ÒÃµÔ´µÒÁ »ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼ÅÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÍÂ‹Ò§á·Œ¨ÃÔ§ à¾ÕÂ§à·‹Ò¹Õé àÃÒ¡çÅ´¡ÒÃ·íÒÃŒÒÂ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ áÅÐ¤§äÁ‹á»Å¡ËÒ¡¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·íÒ¢ŒÒ§µŒ¹ ¨ÐÊ‹§¼ÅãËŒ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔÅ´¡ÒÃ·íÒÃŒÒÂàÃÒ´ŒÇÂàª‹¹¡Ñ¹ß

balance among development, sustainability, replenishment, time, and rehabilitation. This said, aren’t our actions indeed harm the nature? We all need to be mindful of the surrounding nature before it is too late. The attention must be paid on ensuring “sustainability” and “balance” where natural resources and the environment are carefully utilized, coupled with suﬃcient conservation and rehabilitation efforts. Prevention, evaluation, and monitoring also need to be highlighted in problem-resolution approaches. With these few extra steps, we would do much less harm to the nature; and the nature would consequently be kinder to us in return.ß

ÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§ Reference: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

¹ÒÇÒÍÒ¡ÒÈàÍ¡¡ÁÅ ÇÑªÃàÊ¶ÕÂÃ (2547), ÊÒÃÒ¹Ø¡ÃÁä·ÂÊíÒËÃÑºàÂÒÇª¹Ï àÅ‹Á·Õè 28 Watcharasatira, Group Captain Kamol. Thai Junior Encyclopedia. Vol. 28. 2004. new.bbc.co.uk (14th May 2008) News. 14th May 2008. <http://news.bbc.co.uk> www.komchadluek.net (23 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2551) News. 23rd May 2008. <http://www.komchadluek.net> www.matichon.co.th (9 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2551) News. 9th May 2008. <http://www.matichon.co.th> www.matichon.co.th (10 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2551) News. 10th May 2008. <http://www.matichon.co.th> www.manager.co.th (13 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2551) News. 13rd May 2008. <http://www.manager.co.th> www.manager.co.th (15 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2551) News. 15th May 2008. <http://www.manager.co.th>

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal

¡ÒÃãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹ ¨Ò¡¢ŒÍÁÙÅÊÒÃÊ¹à·ÈÀÙÁÔÈÒÊµÃ ã¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂµÑÇ¢Í§ áËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³¤´Õã¹ºÃÔàÇ³àÇÕÂ§ÅÍ ÍíÒàÀÍ¨Ø¹ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´¾ÐàÂÒ Geographic Information System Application in the Study of the Distribution of Archeological Sites in the Area of Wiang Lo, Joon District, Prayao Province ¨µØÃ¾Ã à·ÕÂÁ·Ô¹¡Äµ1 áÅÐ1 ÊÇ¹Ôµ à·ÕÂÁ·Ô¹¡Äµ2 Jathuraporn Thiamthinkrit and Sawanit Thiamthinkrit2

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¹Ñ¡âºÃÒ³¤´Õ 6Ç ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡ÈÔÅ»Ò¡Ã·Õè 7 ¹‹Ò¹ ¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 5 ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ Archaeologist, Level 6, Office of Archaeology, Nan Environmental Official, Level 5, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

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Today, Geographic Information System (GIS) technology has been employed extensively in many applications like the location of natural resources or urban settlements. GIS also supports data mining, for example the determination of the quantity of natural resources or population in particular areas. Such data may be used to figure out the relationship between groups such as relationship between urban settlements and sites of natural resources both inside and outside the area, determination of proper resources management in the area as well as allocation of land for agriculture or settlement, etc. Archeology applies GIS data in identifying the locations of ancient remains and archeological sites scattered around. The positions of ancient remains, archeological sites, and excavation pits can be used for future in - depth study, for example the GIS database management for ancient cities and the conservation and development master plan for ancient cities, etc. A case of GIS application for the study in archeology includes the location and identification of the ancient city of Wiang Lo, Lo and Honghin sub - districts, Joon district, Prayao Province. This place is located on flat terrain between the foot of jikjong mountain and the river Eng, around 30 kilometers away from Joon district. The trails of canals and walls made of clay still exist there. Many ancient remains are found both inside the town and in the surrounding areas. Town planning followed geological conditions and canal and walls patterns cannot be truly identified. The river Eng runs through the south town wall to the east and the old trail of the river Eng bypasses the south of the town and travels towards the north-east.

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The ancient city of Wiang Lo was named after the settlement described in the Muen Lo Inscription on the construction of Wat Thepmai, inscribed around 1987 and found in Wat Thepmai, Joon District, Prayao Province. It reads “...Year 856 of Meungsai, month 2, Ogg 11 Kam, Wednesday, Kadmao, Prince Muen Lothepsrichula who had faith in the virtue of the Three Gems, ordered to.... build a new temple...” Moreover, during the Lanna era, Wiang Lo, besides controlling the agricultural plain for Prayao, it was a principal city in charge of transportation route to Prayao, Chiang Kong, Theung, Nan, and Lanchang. There is also the legend of King Thongthip, Wat Seuntan, Nan, that during the reign of King Tilokaraj, in 1450, Nan was invaded by troops passing through Lo and Pong, and across the Wow mountain. Much evidence indicates that Lo was still a major city and was occupied by people throughout the Thonburi era. It is assumed that the city fell when Praya Kawila brought troops to attack and round up all the people with him. Moreover, archeological exploration shows that the area includes prehistoric human settlements. The study began around 2004 - 2005 using primary information about the location of ancient remains in Wiang Lo from the survey by Nan’s Office of Archaeology, Department of Fine Arts, and local people living in the area in sites that are either explored or unexplored. In order to acquire as much as possible data of the locations and to gain access to the data sources field surveys through the ancient remains scattered around the area were administered together with the identification of satellite coordinates by Global Positioning System (GPS), Garmin made version 72. While the overlaying technique was also used to identify the relevant locations on various types of maps such as topographic map, L7017 and L7018, and aerial photographs from the Royal Thai Survey Department. Data will then be digitally processed and saved in the GIS. Primary data records include locations of ancient remains and excavation pits, their size, accessibility, area photographs, landmarks, measurements, and area planning of the ancient remains. The data concerning locations acquired through these methods is highly accurate compared to traditional methods using surveys alone and will be very useful for future archeological research. The locations of ancient remains scattered around the ancient city of Wiang Lo can be divided into two groups, which are unnamed ancient remains and locally known ancient remains, including the

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locations of 19 excavation pits. Currently, the data has been applied to be used in formulation of the management planning for the ancient remains of Wiang Lo and area planning development for future deﬁning boundary of the ancient remains. The goal of GIS data management for archeology is to develop a GIS database to use in archeological works and to utilize the existing technology to bring out the value of the data. Moreover, it helps to specify the coordinates of the area of ancient remains to the same standard. In the future, the acquired database can be linked with information from the other related agencies such as National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Department of Land, Treasury Department, and others in order to make use of boundary determinations to prevent the issuance of duplicated land deeds and hinder encroachment on and destruction of the ancient remains as well.ß

ÃÙ»·Õè 1 ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·ÕèµÑé§¢Í§áËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹àÁ×èÍ¹íÒä»«ŒÍ¹·Ñº¡Ñº ¢ŒÍÁÙÅÍ×è¹æ ã¹·Õè¹ÕéáÊ´§¢ŒÍÁÙÅã¹Ê‹Ç¹¢Í§áËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ ¶¹¹áÅÐáÁ‹¹éíÒ Figure 1 Location of ancient remains overlaying with roads and rivers.

ÃÙ»·Õè 2 ·ÕèµÑé§¢Í§áËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹«ŒÍ¹·Ñº¡Ñº¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÊ´§ ª¹Ô´´Ô¹áÅÐàÊŒ¹ªÑé¹¤ÇÒÁÊÙ§ Figure 2 Location of ancient remains overlaying with soil types and altitude line.

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal

ÍÂØ¸ÂÒ..ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡..ÁÃ´¡àÃÒ Ayutthaya ... World Heritage ... Our Heritage ºØÉº§¡ª ´ÕÇÒ¨Ò1 Bussabongkot Deewaja1

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The capital of Siam for 417 years, Ayutthaya ﬂourished prosperously before declining, as witnessed by architectural remains and items of cultural heritage. Foreign trade exchanges with the capital exhibited the nature of the ancient civilization as a place of wealth, prosperity, and unity. King Ramathibodi I or King Uthong established Ayutthaya as the capital on Friday, the 6th day, during the crescent moon, month 5, Year of the Tiger, Thai minor era of 712, corresponding to the 4th of March, 1350. He named it, according to the annals, “Krungthep Maha Nakorn Baworn Thawarawadee Sri Ayutthaya Maha Dilok Pop Noparat Rachathani Burirom Udom Praratchaniwej Maha Stan.” Ayutthaya was ruled by 33 kings from ﬁve dynasties, which were Uthong, Supanaphum, Sukhothai, Prasathong, and Ban Phulueng. In 1569, during the reign of King Maha Jackapadi, Ayutthaya was seized by Burma. Fifteen years after that defeat, King Naresuen the Great reclaimed sovereignty of the capital in 1584. Ayutthaya became prosperous,

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until 1767 when King Suriyas Amarin lost Ayutthaya to Burma for the second time. That was the final chapter of Ayutthaya’s long reign as capital of Thailand. Through its 417 years, the capital Ayutthaya was not only the pinnacle of the Thai nation, but also recognized by nations around the world as a highly civilized metropolis. Even though Ayutthaya was destroyed by war, remnants of our ancestors’ talents and devotion and their culture and wealth are national heritage that is still being appreciated today. In view of that, the World Heritage Committee of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage declared the historic town of Ayutthaya and its associated historic towns, which have been incorporated into the Ayutthaya Historical Park since 1976, a world heritage site on the 13th of December, 1991, in Cartage, Tunisia, along with Sukhothai Historical Park - Sri Satchanalai Historical Park - Kampaengphet Historical Park. This is in accordance with the third condition, which deals with extraordinary and unique places or evidence of tradition of remaining or lost civilizations. After two decades of being a world heritage site, Ayutthaya Historical Park has hosted a large number of local and international visitors. This has caused Ayutthaya to have one of the top per capita incomes for its people. Further, the economic development has led to the historical park area enjoying booming construction in order to serve tourists even better. There has been some concern that Ayutthaya might be delisted from its status because of visual pollution. This has alerted interested parties like the state, local administration, the general public, and businesspeople in the area. They are coming together in order to share opinions and discover solutions. At first, there was agreement to remove buildings blocking the ancient sites. However, some people have still refused to move out and claim that the space provided by the state is not sufficient for all the merchants. Today, in order to solve the problems that world heritage sites like Ayutthaya face, all parties must find the solution to solve these problems. Only in this way will people and the ancient sites coexist and Ayutthaya will then last as a world site and the heritage for our descendants.ß

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¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ I Balance and Diverse ã¹©ºÑº·ÕèáÅŒÇÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÏ ä´ŒàÊ¹ÍàÃ×èÍ§ á¼¹·ÕèªØÁª¹·Õèà´ç¡æ ¡ç·íÒä´Œ3 à¾×èÍ¨ÐºÍ¡àÅ‹ÒãËŒ¼ÙŒÍ×è¹ä´Œ·ÃÒºÇ‹Ò ¾×é¹·Õè áµ‹ÅÐáË‹§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ·Ã§¨íÒã¹ÇÑÂà´ç¡¨Ðª‹ÇÂã¹¡ÒÃ ÃÑ¡ÉÒÊÁºÑµÔ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ¢Í§·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ ÊíÒËÃÑº©ºÑº¹Õé ¨Ð¡Å‹ÒÇ¶Ö§ “¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒá¼¹·ÕèªØÁª¹´ŒÒ¹ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ” ËÃ×Í “á¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ” ËÃ×Íá¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁà»š¹ ÃÙ»¸ÃÃÁ«Ö§è à»š¹¤ÇÒÁÃ‹ÇÁÁ×ÍÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÃÑ°¡Ñº»ÃÐªÒª¹â´Â¼‹Ò¹¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ àÃÕÂ¹ÃÙŒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ á¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ4 (Cultural Heritage Atlas) ¤×Í ¨Ø´ÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§Ã‹ÇÁ¢Í§·Ø¡ÀÒ¤Ê‹Ç¹ã¹¡ÒÃÃÐºØ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁÍÑ¹à»š¹ ·Ø¹·Ò§ÊÑ§¤Á·ÕÊè Òí ¤ÑÞ¢Í§ªØÁª¹ â´ÂÁÕ¾¹é× °Ò¹ÁÒ¨Ò¡á¹Ç¤Ô´àÃ×Íè §¡ÒÃ Í¹ØÃÑ¡É ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ·ÕèÁÕªÕÇÔµ (Living Heritage) à¹Œ¹¡ÒÃ ¾Ñ²¹ÒªØÁª¹¼‹Ò¹¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ â´Â à¹×Íé ËÒ¤ÃÍº¤ÅØÁÍÂ‹Ò§¤Ãº¶ŒÇ¹µÑ§é áµ‹¾²Ñ ¹Ò¡ÒÃ·Ò§»ÃÐÇÑµÈÔ ÒÊµÃ ¢Í§ àÁ×Í§ ÊÀÒ¾Í§¤ »ÃÐ¡Íº·Ò§¡ÒÂÀÒ¾ã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ÃÇÁä»¶Ö§Í§¤ »ÃÐ¡Íº·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞÍ×è¹æ àª‹¹ ºŒÒ¹àÃ×Í¹à¡‹Òá¡‹ ÃÐºº¤Ù¤ÅÍ§µŒ¹äÁŒãËÞ‹ ¾Ñ¹¸Ø äÁŒ¾×é¹¶Ôè¹ ÏÅÏ ÍÑ¹à»š¹Ê‹Ç¹Ë¹Öè§·Õè»ÃÐ¡Íº¡Ñ¹à»š¹¤Ø³¤‹ÒÃ‹ÇÁ (Collective Value) ¢Í§ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ«Öè§ÁÔãª‹ÁÕáµ‹ âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ ÇÑ´ ÇÑ§ ·ÕèÁÕ¤Ø³¤‹ÒÊÙ§à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹

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ÅíÒ»Ò§à»š¹¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´Ë¹Öè§·Ò§ÀÒ¤àË¹×Í·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ ÊíÒ¤ÑÞÂŒÍ¹ä»ä´Œ¶§Ö ÂØ¤¡‹Í¹»ÃÐÇÑµÈÔ ÒÊµÃ ¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÒÃÊÙÂ‹ ¤Ø »ÃÐÇÑµÈÔ ÒÊµÃ ¡ÒÃà»š¹¹¤ÃáË‹§ÅŒÒ¹¹Ò¨¹¶Ö§»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ¾×¹é ·Õ¨è §Ñ ËÇÑ´ÅíÒ»Ò§ÂÑ§¤§ÁÕªÇÕ µÔ ÁÕàÃ×èÍ§àÅ‹Ò¢Ò¹ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂ ÅíÒ»Ò§¨Ö§à»š¹ 1 ã¹ 10 àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò·ÕèÁÕ¤Ø³¤‹Ò ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞÍÑ¹´Ñº 15 ·ÕèµŒÍ§ÁÕ¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃÍÂ‹Ò§àÃ‹§´‹Ç¹ ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒá¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¨Ö§à»š¹à¤Ã×èÍ§Á×Í·Õè¨Ð·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´ ¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¹ÃÙŒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ ã¹¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·í Òá¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ¹¤ÃÅí Ò »Ò§ ä´Œ¹íÒ “ËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃ·íÒá¼¹·ÕèªØÁª¹” ÁÒãªŒ´ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁàª×èÍ·ÕèÇ‹Ò ã¹áµ‹ÅÐ ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ºŒÒ¹àÁ×Í§ÅŒÇ¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ§´§ÒÁ áÅÐËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ¢Í§ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ÀÒÂãµŒ¡ÃÍºÇÔ¸Õ¤Ô´·Õèµ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ä»µÒÁÊÀÒ¾¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè áÅÐ à§×èÍ¹ä¢·Ò§»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ ã¹¡Ã³Õ¢Í§¹¤ÃÅíÒ»Ò§¡çàª‹¹¡Ñ¹ à»š¹¡ÒÃ ¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁâ´ÂãªŒá¼¹·Õèà»š¹µÑÇàÅ‹ÒàÃ×èÍ§ «Öè§¨Ð¹íÒä» ÊÙ¡‹ ÒÃ¾Ô¨ÒÃ³ÒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ã¹àÃ×Íè §ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò¹¤ÃÅíÒ»Ò§ â´Âã¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒä´ŒÁÕ¡ÒÃ¡íÒË¹´¾×é¹·ÕèÈÖ¡ÉÒ áÅÐÊíÒÃÇ¨¾×é¹·Õèã¹ ºÃÔàÇ³à¢µà·ÈºÒÅ¹¤ÃÅíÒ»Ò§áÅÐ¾×é¹·Õèã¡ÅŒà¤ÕÂ§Ã‹ÇÁ´ŒÇÂ

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The previous issue of Thailand Nature and Environment magazine presented a story about community map made by children3. Other people can learn the area importance and those childhood memories will help preserve local natural and cultural properties. This issue of “the making of community map for cultural heritage” or “cultural heritage atlas” will present cooperation between government and public through socialization. Cultural heritage atlas4 is a reference for all sectors as an indication of cultural resource. It is an important social capital of community based on the concept of living heritage conservation. Community development emphasizes through cultural resource management process. The contents are completely covered from a history society of city development, current physical features, as well as other important components such as old houses, canal system, trees, local plants, etc. Together these integrate as a collective value of cultural environment which is not just about valuable ancient sites, temples, and palaces.

Example of Lampang City Cultural Heritage Atlas

Lampang is one of the important northern provinces since pre-historical era. It has ﬂourished to historical Lanna till these days. The province is still pretty much alive and has so many stories to tell. Lampang is one of ten old towns with ﬁrst5 priority on management. The making of cultural heritage atlas is by far a tool for socialization. The cultural heritage atlas making process for Lampang applies “creation principle of community map” on a belief that each community has its own beauty and cultural heritage diversity under the different mindsets dependent upon the area conditions and history. In the case of Lampang, the presentation of cultural heritage by using map as a storyboard. This leads to consideration of cultural heritage of old town Lampang by specifying an area of study and surveying in the Lampang municipality and vicinity.

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ »‚·Õè 4 ©ºÑº·Õè1 Á.¤.-ÁÕ.¤. 51 â´Â »ÃÐÊ§¤ àÍÕèÂÁÍ¹Ñ¹µ áÅÐÇÃÈÑ¡´Ôì ¾‹Ç§à¨ÃÔÞ á¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¨Ð¤ÃÍº¤ÅØÁ»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹ÁÒ ÅÑ¡É³Ð·Ò§¡ÒÂÀÒ¾ »˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ÊÀÒ¾¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ áÅÐ»˜ÞËÒ¤ÇÒÁ¤Ø¡¤ÒÁ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè ÁÒ»ÃÐ¡Íº¡Ñº á¼¹·Õè·Ò§ÀÙÁÔÈÒÊµÃ à¾×èÍ� àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 30 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á áÅÐ 23 ¸Ñ¹ÇÒ¤Á 2547 â´Â¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÃØ§ÃÑµ¹â¡ÊÔ¹·Ã áÅÐàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò Thailand Nature and Environment magazine 4th Year, Issue 1, Jan - Mar 2008, Prasong Eiam - Anant and Warasak Phuangchareon Cultural Heritage Atlas covers history, origin, geology, presence, importance, and threat over the area supplemented with geographical atlas used for community’s reference for participation on planning and direction for appropriate area conservation and development On 30th August and 23rd December 2004, by the Committee on Conservation and Development of Krung Rattanakosin and Old Towns

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒá¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ

¡‹Í¹Ë¹ŒÒ¹Õ¤é ¹ÅíÒ»Ò§¡çÁ¤Õ ÇÒÁ¾ÂÒÂÒÁ·Õ¨è ÐÍ¹ØÃ¡Ñ É ¿„¹œ ¿Ù¤³Ø ¤‹Ò áÅÐÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÒã¨à¡ÕèÂÇ¡ÑººŒÒ¹àÁ×Í§ÅíÒ»Ò§ áµ‹¡çäÁ‹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ ¤×ºË¹ŒÒà·‹Òã´¹Ñ¡ ´Ñ§¹Ñ¹é ã¹ÃÐÂÐàÃÔÁè µŒ¹¢Í§¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹¨íÒµŒÍ§¡ÃÐµØ¹Œ ÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁµ×è¹µÑÇ¢Í§¼ÙŒ¤¹ÅíÒ»Ò§ã¹àÃ×èÍ§àÁ×Í§à¡‹Òâ´Â¡ÒÃ¾º»Ð áÅ¡à»ÅÕèÂ¹ ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ áÅÐ¢‹ÒÇÊÒÃàÃ×èÍ§àÁ×Í§ÅíÒ»Ò§à»š¹¡Ô¨ÇÑµÃ â´ÂÁÕÊ¶Ò¹·Õè¡ÅÒ§·ÕèàÃÕÂ¡¢Ò¹¡Ñ¹Ç‹Ò “àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò¤Òà¿†” ·íÒãËŒä´Œ¼ÙŒÊ¹ã¨ ÁÒÃ‹ÇÁà»š¹ “·ÕÁ§Ò¹” ÍÂ‹Ò§ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂã¹¡ÒÃà»š¹ÍÒÊÒÊÁÑ¤Ã·Õè¨Ð Ã‹ÇÁ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ ·Ñ§é ·ÕÁè ÒÃ‹ÇÁÅ§¾×¹é ·ÕÊè Òí ÃÇ¨Ê×º¤Œ¹¨ÃÔ§ áÅÐÁÒáÅ¡à»ÅÕÂè ¹ ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Ò§»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè ¨¹¡ÃÐ·Ñ§è ÁÕ¡ÒÃà» ´µÑÇ “â¤Ã§¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒá¼¹·ÕÁè Ã´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¹¤ÃÅíÒ»Ò§” ÍÂ‹Ò§à»š¹·Ò§¡ÒÃ ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁãËŒà´ç¡æ ä´ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ ·Ñé§¨Ò¡ÇÔ·ÂÒ¡ÃáÅÐ¡ÒÃàÊÇ¹Ò«Öè§à»š¹¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§¡ÒÃÃÑºÃÙŒ¨Ò¡¼ÙŒ¤¹ã¹ ¾×¹é ·Õè ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ÂÑ§Ê‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡ÒÃÁÕÊÇ‹ ¹Ã‹ÇÁ¢Í§¤¹ã¹·ŒÍ§¶Ô¹è â´Â¡ÒÃ ãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ¤Ô´àÍ§ ·íÒàÍ§ ¢Í§¼ÙŒ¤¹äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨ÐÊ‹Ç¹ã´¡çµÒÁ â´ÂÁÕ “·ÕÁ§Ò¹” ËÃ×ÍÍÒÊÒÊÁÑ¤Ã´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇãËŒ¤ÇÒÁª‹ÇÂàËÅ×Íã¹´ŒÒ¹ µ‹Ò§æ ·ÕèÂÑ§¢Ò´ÍÂÙ‹ â´Â¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁË¹Öè§·Õèà¡Ô´µÒÁÁÒ ¤×Í ¡ÒÃÍºÃÁ ¹Ñ¡Ê×º¹ŒÍÂ ËÃ×Í¤¹ÊíÒÃÇ¨à¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÅ§ÊíÒÃÇ¨¾×é¹·Õè¨ÃÔ§ â´Âà»š¹¡ÒÃ á¹Ðá¹Ç·Ò§áÅÐ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹ÊíÒÃÇ¨àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒÍÂ‹Ò§à»š¹¢Ñ¹é µÍ¹ µÒÁËÅÑ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ «Öè§¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¹ÃÙŒ¨Ò¡¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹à»š¹ÊÔè§ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ ÁÒ¡¡Ñº¡ÒÃ¹íÒä»ãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹ ¢Í§µÑÇà´ç¡æ àÍ§ ·Ñé§ã¹¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹ àÃ×èÍ§àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒáÅÐ§Ò¹Í×è¹æ ´ŒÇÂ ¡ÒÃÅ§¾×é¹·ÕèÈÖ¡ÉÒÊíÒÃÇ¨ áÅŒÇ¹íÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¡ÅÑºÊÙ‹¾×é¹·Õèã¹ÃÙ»áºº ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁáÅÐàÇ·ÕªØÁª¹ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡ÒÃÊÑÁÀÒÉ³ »ÃÐªÒª¹ã¹ªØÁª¹µ‹Ò§æ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¨Ðà»š¹¡ÒÃä´Œ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¾×é¹·Õè¨ÃÔ§à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁ¨Ò¡¢ŒÍÁÙÅÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃáÅŒÇ ÂÑ§ª‹ÇÂãËŒ¼ÙŒ¤¹ÅíÒ»Ò§·ÕèÍÂÙ‹áÅÐäÁ‹ä´ŒÍÂÙ‹ã¹¾×é¹·Õè·Õèà»š¹àÁ×Í§à¡‹Òä´Œ·íÒ ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ¨Ñ¡¾×é¹·Õè¢Í§µ¹àÍ§ «Öè§¹Í¡¨Ò¡¨Ðà·‹Ò¡Ñºà»š¹¡ÒÃ·íÒ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ¨Ñ¡ µÑÇµ¹¢Í§µ¹àÍ§áÅŒÇ ÂÑ§ª‹ÇÂãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃä´ŒÃÑºÃÙŒä´ŒàËç¹«Öè§¡Ñ¹áÅÐ¡Ñ¹ ¡Ñº¤¹Í×è¹æ ã¹¾×é¹·Õèà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹áÅÐ¾×é¹·ÕèÍ×è¹æ ÍÕ¡´ŒÇÂ «Öè§¨Ð¹íÒä»ÊÙ‹ ¡ÒÃàª×èÍÁâÂ§ãËŒàËç¹ÀÒ¾ÃÇÁàÁ×Í§ÅíÒ»Ò§ä´Œ ·íÒãËŒà¢ŒÒã¨»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹·Õè à»š¹ÍÂÙ‹«Öè§à»š¹¼Å¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§µ‹Ò§æ áÅÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡Ñº ÊÀÒ¾»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ä´Œ áÅÐ·ŒÒÂ·ÕèÊØ´¹Ñé¹à¾×èÍÊÒÁÒÃ¶¡íÒË¹´Í¹Ò¤µ¢Í§ µ¹àÍ§áÅÐ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ä´Œ¶Ù¡·ÔÈ¶Ù¡·Ò§µÒÁ·Õè¤ÇÃ¨Ðà»š¹

The Process of Making Cultural Heritage Atlas

Although progress seems slow, The residents of Lampang have recently tried to preserve, restore, and promote knowledge and understanding about Lampang. However, the progress seems frailly slow. Thus, in this process, the initial stage of working is to motivate residents about old town through exchanging of knowledge, data, and information about Lampang on regular basis at a meeting point named the “Old Town cafe”. This cafa invites many interested people to form a team that consists of various groups of volunteers to collaboratively conduct field surveys and exchange the area historical data. The official opening of “Lampang City Cultural Heritage Atlas Project,” creates knowledgeable activities for children are through experts, talks and interactions. Moreover the local residents’ participation is promoted to emphasize the concept of “thinking and doing on oneself”. “Team” or volunteer groups support on many activities like the little investigator or surveyor training as a field guide. Surveys of old town follow academic principles. Learning actually doing in the field is very important which will benefit the children not only in the old town tasks but in other jobs as well. Data gathered from the field survey used for activities and community forum including people interviews are academically supplied. This helps Lampang residents who live inside or outside the old town to better know their areas. Besides self recognition, they learn how to share knowledge with other people who live in the same or different areas. This leads to a complete picture of Lampang city. Through understanding of current circumstances impacted by several of changes, they will be able to handle the can control situations and able to in the end set future goal for themselves and their community.

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ I Balance and Diverse ¨Ö§ÁÔä´Œ·¨èÕ Ðà»š¹à¾ÕÂ§á¼¹·ÕÁè Ã´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ·Õãè ËŒÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´ ÅÖ¡«Öé§ÃÍº´ŒÒ¹ã¹á§‹¢Í§»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ àªÔ§ºÃÃÂÒÂ «Öè§à»š¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í ·ÕèÁÕÍÂÙ‹áÅŒÇÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂã¹·Ø¡¾×é¹·Õè áµ‹à»š¹¡ÒÃàª×èÍÁâÂ§¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Ò§ »ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ áÅÐ¢ŒÍÁÙÅàªÔ§»ÃÐ¨Ñ¡É ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÊíÒÃÇ¨ÀÒ¤ Ê¹ÒÁà¢ŒÒÊÙ‹¼Ñ§¡ÒÂÀÒ¾ ¼‹Ò¹¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË áÅÐÊÑ§à¤ÃÒÐË ¢ŒÍÁÙÅÍÂ‹Ò§ ÁÕÊÇ‹ ¹Ã‹ÇÁ à¾×Íè ·Õ¨è Ðä´Œ¹Òí ä»ãªŒà»š¹°Ò¹¤Ô´áÅÐ¢ŒÍÁÙÅÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§ã¹¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ ÇÒ§á¼¹ã¹ÃÐ´Ñº·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ä´ŒÍÂ‹Ò§àËÁÒÐÊÁáÅÐà»š¹ÃÙ»¸ÃÃÁÁÒ¡ ÂÔè§¢Öé¹

Therefore, this is not only a detailed cultural heritage atlas that gives ordinary descriptive information as can be found in general history books, but a inter linkage of historical data and evidence based data acquired from ﬁeld surveys that put into a physical chart through quantitative analysis and synthesis. So this can be used as a knowledge base and reference for a more appropriate and practical local planning.

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Future Use of Cultural Heritage Atlas

á¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒÃ¹íÒá¼¹·Õ´è §Ñ ¡Å‹ÒÇä»ãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹ ÁÕ 4 á¹Ç·Ò§ËÅÑ¡ ¤×Í 1) à»š¹°Ò¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ·ÕèÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒä»ÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§ ËÃ×Í»ÃÐÂØ¡µ ãªŒã¹§Ò¹Í×è¹æ ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§¡ÒÃÇÒ§á¼¹Í¹ØÃÑ¡É áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹Òã¹ÃÐ´Ñº·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ 2) à»š¹à¤Ã×èÍ§Á×Í·Õèª‹ÇÂã¹¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨ÊÍº à½‡ÒÃÐÇÑ§¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò·ÕèäÁ‹àËÁÒÐÊÁáÅÐµÃÇ¨ÊÍº¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§·Õè ¨Ð·íÒÅÒÂ¤Ø³¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè 3) Ê‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡ÒÃÁÕÊ‹Ç¹Ã‹ÇÁ ¢Í§¤¹·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ã¹¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃÇÒ§á¼¹áÅÐºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃÁÃ´¡·Ò§ ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ¢Í§µ¹ áÅÐ 4) ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÒã¨à¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº ¤Ø³¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õèà¾×èÍÊÃŒÒ§¡ÒÃÃÑºÃÙŒÊÒ¸ÒÃ³Ð ÍÑ¹¨Ð¹íÒä»ÊÙ‹ ¤ÇÒÁÃ‹ÇÁÁ×Í¢Í§·Ø¡ÀÒ¤Ê‹Ç¹ã¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹Òµ‹Íä»ã¹ Í¹Ò¤µß

There are 4 approaches for the atlas utilization: 1) used as a database for cultural heritage which can be referred or applied for other tasks including conservation and development of local planning, 2) used as a tool for monitoring or watching inappropriate developments and changes that resulted in value damaging, 3) used to promote community’s participation on cultural heritage planning and management process, and 4) used to create knowledge and understanding of area value in order to draw public awareness on cooperation among all parts for future conservation and development.ß

ÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§ Reference:

ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂ� Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, 2007, Lampang City Cultural Heritage Atlas, Natural and Cultural Environmental Conservation Division, Bangkok

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal

àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ÃÒ¡°Ò¹ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§ÊÑ§¤Áä·Â Old Towns: the Foundation of Thai Society ¡ÔµµÔÁÒ ÂÔ¹à¨ÃÔÞ1 1 Kittima Yincharoen

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There are many old towns scattered throughout all regions of Thailand. Many of them have been home to people until the present day. These old towns have long histories and so many stories about social and cultural change through time which can be used as learning guides to understand the directions and trends of such changes.

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Physical and socio - cultural changes are prevalent and rapid in all provinces. They have effects on trails and sites which are crucial for the study of history. Areas of old town may have been altered or destroyed entirely before their time. So, there should be some preventive strategies to safeguard parts of the trails and vital sites for the study of history and prevent change and damage to the old towns. Historical cultural heritage must be saved for future generations. The Oﬃce of the Prime Minister issued a regulation on the conservation and development of Krung Rattanakosin and old towns in 2003. It deﬁned “old towns” as:

- àÁ×Í§ËÃ×ÍºÃÔàÇ³¢Í§àÁ×Í§·ÕÁè ÅÕ ¡Ñ É³Ð¾ÔàÈÉà©¾ÒÐáË‹§Ê×ºµ‹Í ÁÒáµ‹¡ÒÅ¡‹Í¹ ËÃ×ÍÁÕÅÑ¡É³Ðà»š¹àÍ¡ÅÑ¡É³ ¢Í§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ·ŒÍ§¶Ô¹è ËÃ×ÍÁÕÅ¡Ñ É³Ð¨íÒà¾ÒÐ¢Í§ÊÁÑÂË¹Ö§è ã¹»ÃÐÇÑµÈÔ ÒÊµÃ - àÁ×Í§ËÃ×ÍºÃÔàÇ³¢Í§àÁ×Í§·ÕèÁÕÃÙ»áºº¼ÊÁ¼ÊÒ¹Ê¶Ò»˜µÂ¡ÃÃÁµ‹Ò§¶Ô¹è ËÃ×ÍÁÕÅ¡Ñ É³Ðà»š¹ÃÙ»áººÇÔÇ²Ñ ¹Ò¡ÒÃ·Ò§ÊÑ§¤Á ·ÕèÊ×ºµ‹ÍÁÒã¹ÂØ¤µ‹Ò§æ - àÁ×Í§ËÃ×ÍºÃÔàÇ³¢Í§àÁ×Í§·Õèà¤Âà»š¹µÑÇàÁ×Í§´Ñé§à´ÔÁã¹ÊÁÑÂ Ë¹Öè§áÅÐÂÑ§¤§ÁÕÅÑ¡É³Ðà´‹¹»ÃÐ¡Íº´ŒÇÂâºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ - àÁ×Í§ËÃ×ÍºÃÔàÇ³¢Í§àÁ×Í§«Ö§è â´ÂËÅÑ¡°Ò¹·Ò§»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ ËÃ×Íâ´ÂÍÒÂØ ËÃ×Íâ´ÂÅÑ¡É³ÐáË‹§Ê¶Ò»˜µÂ¡ÃÃÁ ËÃ×Í¤Ø³¤‹Ò ã¹·Ò§ÈÔÅ»Ð âºÃÒ³¤´Õ ËÃ×Í»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ

- towns or areas of town which contain unique characteristics from the past or localities which have distinctive cultural features speciﬁc to a certain period of history, - towns or areas of town which contain various architectural styles or evidence of patterns of continuous social evolution, - towns or areas of towns which are of original construction and still outstanding examples of ancient remains, and - towns or areas of towns which contain historic evidence, dates, architectural designs, or value in terms of art, archeology, or history.

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Conservation development of the old towns, should concern about their valuable architecture, identity, uniqueness, completeness and originality. In addition, the ecosystem of the towns, such as the streams or water resources that nourish the towns, the ecosystems around old towns, and nature related to the old towns must also be concerned. Since the ecosystem can affect the sustainability of the old towns, conservation and development of old towns must take place in a broad framework. Moreover, many ﬁelds of science should also be integrated into the work of conservation and promotion with more local participation. The law is the key mechanism for the strategic conservation and development of old towns, and a plan for 2005 - 2009 was approved by cabinet on the 4th of January 2005. There are several laws in various categories governing the conservation and development of old towns. These include the regulations on conservation and development of Krung Rattanakosin and old towns 2003, Town Planning Act 1975 and amendment, 39

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal

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Ancient Monuments, Antiques and National Museums Act in 1961 and amendment, Building Control Act 1979 and amendment, and Enhancement and conservation of National Environmental Quality Act 1992. Moreover, individual provinces may issue city ordinances in order to control activities that are deemed inappropriate for the areas of old towns. The general public may also propose to its local administration that it issue a local statute which has the power granted by the Local Statute Proposal Act 1999 On the conservation of historic towns, Sir Bernard Feildenstates that preservation of uniqueness, landscape, and restoration of old towns consists of four elements, which are integrated conservation with city planning, control of change, inﬁll design, and administrative actions. Nid Hinchirananthm2 once recommended six elements in the conservation of natural and cultural heritage, which are consideration of land utilization, consideration of development and construction, conservation, transportation, control of public service, and establishment of a speciﬁc committee for general issues. There should be special conservation programs for old towns with original settlement. Prasong Eiam - anant3 recommended four elements in the conservation of early communities in northern Thailand, which are the conservation of concepts, conservation of styles, conservation of craftsmanship, and conservation of building materials. However, problems and threats from the development of old towns in Thailand are facing now can be summed up as cultural heritage disturbance, improper construction around the area, faulty restoration of ancient remains, road pavement and infrastructure development that destroy the structure and atmosphere of old towns, to name just a few. Causes are various and multifaceted, for example, the lack of consciousness and realization of the value of old towns that leads to improper development and the destruction of cultural heritage in old towns, the lack of data about old towns, the lack of cooperation and good protection for old towns especially those with urban development, the lack

Í´Õµ¼ÙŒ·Ã§¤Ø³ÇØ²Ôã¹¤³ÐÍ¹Ø¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ »ÃÐ¸Ò¹Í¹Ø¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ Former expert for the Subcommittee on Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage President of the Subcommittee on Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage

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of legal support and incentives as well as policy support from all sectors. Consequently, in order to solve the problems at their causes, the principles of conservation and development of old towns must follow these seven concepts, which are; the uniqueness preservation of old towns; the determination of precise boundaries for conservation and development; the restoration of deteriorated or destroyed constructions, landscape, flora and natural sources back to their original state; the creation of contemporary activities as urban components without destroying the value of cultural heritage; the determination of law and order as well as directions for urban development and incentives for conservation and effective urban development; the development of modern, convenient, and safe infrastructure in line with the structure of old towns; and the establishment of a local committee responsible for development of old towns. There are many ways which can be used to preserve the uniqueness of communities in old towns. Examples are studying, surveying, specifying, and registering valuable cultural and natural heritages; preserving, campaigning, and promoting local species planting; preserving waterways; studying empty and open space systems in the old towns; studying and conserving valuable building architecture; planning road and infrastructure systems, and preserving and developing the main components of old towns such as city walls and gates complete with the preservation of materials and the promotion of activities and local ways of life. As for the sustainable restoration of communities and urban areas, a community responsible should be set up. Especially in terms of woud the preparation of woud by planting trees to repair the building. This will ensure that communities will have wood to use for repairing broken preserved buildings in the old towns. The obstacle for the conservation of old towns in Thailand is strategic to implement including the presence of laws and incentives. As widely accepted in general, successful conservation of old towns may be classified into five categories ranking from the most difficult to the easiest, which are: 1) the right of ownership by the state; 2) law issuance both hard and soft regulation; 3) incentives such as money support like grants, 41

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»ÅÙ¡ÊÃŒÒ§ÊÇ¹»†Ò ÊíÒËÃÑº¹íÒäÁŒÁÒãªŒã¹¡ÒÃ«‹ÍÁá«ÁÍÒ¤ÒÃÍÑ¹¤ÇÃ Í¹ØÃÑ¡É ã¹àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ¡ÒÃ¡íÒË¹´á¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹ÒÍÒ¤ÒÃ áÅÐ Í§¤ »ÃÐ¡Íºµ‹Ò§æ ¢Í§àÁ×Í§ ·Ñé§¹ÕéÊÔè§·Õèà»š¹ÍØ»ÊÃÃ¤ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ã¹¡ÒÃ ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É àÁ×Í§à¡‹Òã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ä´Œá¡‹ ÁÒµÃ¡ÒÃ ã¹¡ÒÃ¹íÒä»ÊÙ¡‹ ÒÃ»¯ÔºµÑ Ô «Ö§è ÁÑ¡¨Ðä´Œá¡‹ ¡®ËÁÒÂáÅÐáÃ§¨Ù§ã¨ â´Â ·ÑèÇä»à·‹Ò·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔã¹ÊÒ¡ÅâÅ¡ ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ãËŒÊÑÁÄ·¸Ôì¼Å ¨ÐµŒÍ§ÁÕà¤Ã×èÍ§Á×Í (tools) ·Õè¨Ð¹íÒÁÒãªŒ «Öè§à¤Ã×èÍ§Á×Í ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇÊÒÁÒÃ¶áº‹§ä´Œà»š¹ 5 á¹Ç·Ò§ àÃÕÂ§µÒÁÅíÒ´Ñº¤ÇÒÁÂÒ¡ §‹ÒÂ ´Ñ§¹Õé 1) ¡ÒÃ¤ÃÍº¤ÃÍ§¡ÃÃÁÊÔ·¸Ôì·Õè´Ô¹áÅÐÍÒ¤ÒÃâ´ÂÃÑ° 2) ¡ÒÃÍÍ¡¡®ËÁÒÂ ·Ñé§¢ŒÍºÑ§¤Ñºáººà¢ŒÁ§Ç´ áÅÐ¢ŒÍºÑ§¤Ñº áººÍ‹Í¹ 3) ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§áÃ§¨Ù§ã¨ ÍÒ·Ô ¡ÒÃãËŒà§Ô¹Ê¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹ ·Ñé§ãËŒáºº ãËŒà»Å‹Ò ËÃ×ÍáººÊÁ·º ¡ÒÃãËŒÊÔ·¸Ô¾ÔàÈÉ·Ò§ÀÒÉÕ ·Ñé§¡ÒÃ Å´ÀÒÉÕà§Ô¹ä´Œ áÅÐ¡ÒÃÅ´ÀÒÉÕâÃ§àÃ×Í¹áÅÐ·Õè´Ô¹ 4) ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹ËÃ×ÍâÍ¹ÊÔ·¸Ôã¹¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò·ÃÑ¾Â ÊÔ¹ â´ÂãªŒ à¤Ã×èÍ§Á×Íã¹àÃ×èÍ§¢Í§¡ÒÃ¡íÒË¹´à¾´Ò¹¢Í§¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò ¡ÒÃ ¡íÒË¹´ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃ«×éÍËÃ×ÍâÍ¹ÊÔ·¸Ô áÅÐ¡ÒÃ¡íÒË¹´µÑÇ¡ÅÒ§ ã¹¡ÒÃà¨Ã¨ÒáÅÐ¡íÒË¹´¢ŒÍáÅ¡à»ÅÕèÂ¹ 5) ¡ÒÃãËŒ¢ÍŒ ÁÙÅ¢‹ÒÇÊÒÃ ·Ñ§é ¡ÒÃÃÐºØáÅÐºÑ¹·Ö¡·Õâè ´Â¹ÑÂ ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ ¡ÒÃ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹ËÃ×Í¢Öé¹ºÑÞªÕ ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¡ÒÃ ÃÑºÃÍ§Ç‹ÒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¡ÒÃÂÍÁÃÑº ¡ÒÃÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ Ê¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹ ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒ¤Ù‹Á×Íà·¤¹Ô¤¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ¡ÒÃãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÃ‹ÇÁÁ×Í ¡ÒÃ ¡ÒÃãËŒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·Ñé§·ÄÉ®ÕáÅÐ»¯ÔºÑµÔ áÅÐ¡ÒÃâ¹ŒÁ¹ŒÒÇ ·Ñ§é ¹Õé ÃÙ»áºº¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ·Õàè ËÁÒÐÊÁã¹¡Ã³Õ¾¹é× ·Õàè Á×Í§à¡‹Ò ã¹ÀÒ¤àË¹×Í ÍÒ¨¨ÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒä»»ÃÐÂØ¡µ ãªŒ¡ÑºàÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒÍ×è¹æ ä´Œ â´ÂÊÒÁÒÃ¶áº‹§ä´Œà»š¹ 3 àÃ×èÍ§ãËÞ‹æ ä´Œá¡‹ 1. ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´µÑé§Í§¤ ¡ÃËÃ×Í¼ÙŒÃÑº¼Ô´ªÍº´ŒÒ¹àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ·Ñé§ ¤³ÐÍ¹Ø¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹ÒáÅÐÍ¹ØÃ¡Ñ É àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒÃÐ´Ñº¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ ÃÇÁ·Ñ§é ·ŒÍ§¶Ô¹è àª‹¹ à·ÈºÒÅ ÍÒ¨¨Ñ´µÑé§¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃËÃ×Í¤³Ð·íÒ§Ò¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É àÁ×Í§à¡‹Òä´Œ ·Ñé§¹Õé »ÃÐà´ç¹¢Í§¤³Ð·íÒ§Ò¹ËÃ×Í ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ·ÕÃè ºÑ ¼Ô´ªÍºà¡ÕÂè Ç¡ÑºàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò äÁ‹ä´ŒÍÂÙ·‹ ¡èÕ ÒÃÁÕËÃ×ÍäÁ‹Á¡Õ ÒÃ 42

matching grants, tax incentives, income tax reduction, and property tax reduction; 4) change/transfer of right of properties development by using development ceiling determination as a tool, determination of buying or transferring of rights, and determination of negotiation intermediaries; and 5) information supply for both identiﬁcation and documentation such as registration or listing of cultural heritage, validation, recognition, promotion, creation of manuals for preservation and maintenance techniques, coordination, education, and persuasion or exhortation. The appropriate management of old towns in the north of Thailand can be applied to old towns in other areas. It is divided into three main topics: 1. Establish a responsible agency, both provincial and local levels: such an entity may be a commitment, municipality committee or working group in charge of development and conservation of old towns. However, the key success is not just based on the appointment of such a body taking care of old towns, but the commitment to work which must be integrated with “heart”. 2. Integrated conservation plan for management with a common goal and objective: since there are many units participating on the job, trying to reduce barriers on each of them is the best policy. A good form of integration must involve plans in the form of conservation plans or conservation and development plans for old towns. In some areas, in particular, a good strategic plan for conservation and development of old towns must cover complete elements, so operators can understand and use it as a direction for working. Besides having a plan for old towns, other development plans should also

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ I Balance and Diverse áµ‹§µÑé§¼ÙŒÃÑº¼Ô´ªÍºáµ‹à¾ÕÂ§ÍÂ‹Ò§à´ÕÂÇ áµ‹ÍÂÙ‹·ÕèÇ‹Ò¼ÙŒ·ÃÕè Ñº¼Ô´ªÍºËÃ×Í ¤³Ð·íÒ§Ò¹¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁµÑé§ã¨¨ÃÔ§ã¹¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹ÁÒ¡¹ŒÍÂà¾ÕÂ§ã´ «Öè§ »˜¨¨ÑÂ·Õè¨Ð·íÒãËŒ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒàÃç¨ ¤×Í ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃã¹ ¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹ áÅÐ¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹´ŒÇÂ “ã¨” 2. á¼¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É áÅÐ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃã¹¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ â´Â ÁÕà»‡ÒËÁÒÂáÅÐÇÑµ¶Ø»ÃÐÊ§¤ Ã‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹áµ‹¼ÙŒ·Õè·íÒ§Ò¹ÁÒ¨Ò¡ËÅÒÂË¹‹ÇÂ ËÅÒÂÍ§¤ ¡Ã ¨Ö§µŒÍ§¾ÂÒÂÒÁÅ´ÍØ»ÊÃÃ¤¢Í§áµ‹ÅÐ½†ÒÂãËŒä´ŒÁÒ¡ ·ÕèÊØ´ ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ·Õè´Õ¨ÐµŒÍ§ÁÕá¼¹·ÕèÍÒ¨ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÅÑ¡É³Ð¢Í§á¼¹ Í¹ØÃÑ¡É ËÃ×Íá¼¹Í¹ØÃÑ¡É áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹ÒàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ËÃ×ÍºÒ§áË‹§ÍÒ¨ÁÕ á¼¹ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ à¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹ÒàÁ×Í§à¡‹Òâ´Âà©¾ÒÐá¼¹ ·Õàè ¡ÕÂè Ç¢ŒÍ§¡Ñº¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃ¡Ñ É áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹ÒàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò·Õ´è Õ ¨ÐµŒÍ§ÁÕÍ§¤ »ÃÐ¡Íº ·Õè¤ÃºÊÁºÙÃ³ à¾×èÍãËŒ¼ÙŒ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§à¢ŒÒã¨áÅÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶ãªŒà»š¹á¹Ç·Ò§ ã¹¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃä´Œ «Öè§¹Í¡¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÁÕá¼¹´ŒÒ¹àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒáÅŒÇ á¼¹¡ÒÃ ¾Ñ²¹ÒÍ×è¹æ ¡ç¤ÇÃ¨ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÍ´¤ÅŒÍ§¡Ñ¹´ŒÇÂã¹ÅÑ¡É³ÐºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ ÁÔ©Ð¹Ñé¹á¼¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡ÑºàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò¨Ð´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃãËŒÊíÒàÃç¨ä´ŒÂÒ¡ «Öè§¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃÁÕËÅÒÂÁÔµÔ ä´Œá¡‹ ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ´ŒÇÂ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¡ÒÃ ºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ´ŒÇÂÇÑµ¶Ø»ÃÐÊ§¤ ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ´ŒÇÂÍ§¤ ¡Ã ·Ñé§¡ÒÃ ºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ·Ò§µÑ§é ä´Œá¡‹ ¡ÒÃ¡íÒË¹´Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹ËÃ×Í¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ ÃÑº¼Ô´ªÍºÅ´ËÅÑè¹µÒÁÍíÒ¹Ò¨Ë¹ŒÒ·Õè áÅÐ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ·Ò§¹Í¹·Õè ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§à¤Ã×Í¢‹ÒÂ¢Í§¼ÙŒÁÕÊ‹Ç¹ä´ŒÊ‹Ç¹àÊÕÂ 3. ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´ÊÃÃ§º»ÃÐÁÒ³ ã¹¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃà¡ÕÂè Ç¡ÑºàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ËÒ¡ÁÕ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ·Õ´è áÕ ÅŒÇ§º»ÃÐÁÒ³ÍÒ¨äÁ‹ãª‹»Þ˜ ËÒ·ÕÊè Òí ¤ÑÞÁÒ¡¹Ñ¡ à¾ÃÒÐä´ŒÁ¡Õ ÒÃ»ÃÐÊÒ¹»ÃÐâÂª¹ »ÃÐÊÒ¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡ÃÃÐËÇ‹Ò§Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹ µ‹Ò§æ áµ‹ã¹ºÒ§¡Ã³ÕÊÒí ËÃÑº¾×¹é ·Õ·è äèÕ Á‹ÁÃÕ ÒÂä´ŒËÃ×Í§º»ÃÐÁÒ³ÁÒ¡¹Ñ¡ â´Âà©¾ÒÐàÁ×Í§à¡‹Òã¹¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´·Õäè Á‹ä´Œà»š¹¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ãËÞ‹ËÃ×Í¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ ÍÒ¨µŒÍ§ãªŒ§º»ÃÐÁÒ³·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´ÊÃÃà»š¹¾ÔàÈÉ¨Ò¡ÃÑ°ºÒÅ¡ÅÒ§ ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ä´Œ¨Ñ´·íÒá¹Ç·Ò§»¯ÔºÑµÔáÅÐÁÒµÃ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ¾Ñ²¹Ò áÅÐ¿„œ¹¿Ù ¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁã¹¾×é¹·ÕèàÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒáÅÐ¾×é¹·Õèâ´ÂÃÍº µÒÁÁÒµÃ°Ò¹ ¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ : àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò â´ÂãªŒàÁ×Í§à¡‹Òã¹¾×¹é ·ÕÀè Ò¤àË¹×ÍµÍ¹º¹à»š¹¾×¹é ·ÕÈè ¡Ö ÉÒ ä´Œá¡‹ àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ÅíÒ»Ò§ àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒÅíÒ¾Ù¹ àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò¹‹Ò¹ áÅÐàÁ×Í§à¡‹Òá¾Ã‹ «Öè§ àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò·Ñé§ 4 áË‹§ à»š¹µÑÇá·¹¢Í§àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÅíÒ´Ñº¤ÇÒÁ ÊíÒ¤ÑÞàÃ‹§´‹Ç¹ã¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ¡ÅØ‹Á·Õè 1 (àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒÅíÒ»Ò§ ÅíÒ¾Ù¹ áÅÐ ¹‹Ò¹) áÅÐàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÅíÒ´Ñº¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞàÃ‹§´‹Ç¹ã¹ÅíÒ´Ñº·Õè 2 (àÁ×Í§à¡‹Òá¾Ã‹) á¹Ç·Ò§´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒä»»ÃÐÂØ¡µ ãªŒ¡ºÑ àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ·Ñé§ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Áã¹ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤µ‹Ò§æ ä´Œß

be created, otherwise it would be difficult for the plan to be successful. Plan integration is multi - dimensional, e.g., integration by data, objective, organization, vertical hierarchical function or committee description, and horizontal networking for concerned parties. 3. Budget allocation on the management of old towns: if good integration is in place then budget is not an important issue because benefits and resources have already been appreciated and arranged among units. In some cases, however, areas that have no income or huge amount of budget, especially those old towns in small or minor provinces, may need a special budget appropriated from the central government. The Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning provided guidelines directions and measures on conservation, development, and restoration of environment in the old towns and surrounding areas pertaining to the natural and cultural heritage standard: old towns, by using old towns in the upper north as an area of study. Examples include old towns in Lampang, Lampoon, Nan, and Prae. These 4 places are representatives of old towns in need of urgent conservation, group 1 (old towns in Lampang, Lampoon, and Nan) and group 2 (old towns in Prae). These directions can be applied for both groups of old towns around the country.ß

ÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§ Reference:

• ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ. 2548. ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃ¡Ñ É áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹ÒàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ¾.È. 2548 - 2552. ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃ¡Ñ É áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÃØ§ÃÑµ¹â¡ÊÔ¹·Ã áÅÐ àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï • ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡� ÀÒÂãµŒâ¤Ã§¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃáÅÐ¿„œ¹¿ÙÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ. ºÃÔÉÑ· âÁâ¹¡ÃÒ¿ ¨íÒ¡Ñ´ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï. • ¹Ô¨ ËÔÞªÕÃÐ¹Ñ¹·¹ . 2550. ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁã¹àÁ×Í§. ¢‹ÒÇÊÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡¼Ñ§àÁ×Í§. 33/2550. Ë¹ŒÒ 25 - 26. • Oﬃce of Natural R� on Conservation and Development of Krung Rattanakosin and Old Towns, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok • Oﬃce of Natural Resource� the Management and Restoration of Natural and Cultural Heritage Project, Monograph Company Limited, Bangkok • Nid Hinchira�

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¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈÇÔ·ÂÒã¹Í´Õµ¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ Study of an Early Ecosystem of Cultural Heritage ÊÇ¹Ôµ à·ÕÂÁ·Ô¹¡Äµ1 1 Sawanit Thiamthinkrit »˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁºÃÃ¾¡ÒÅ2 ¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ ä´ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁÊ¹ã¨à»š¹ÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡ ·Ñé§¹Õéà¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡ÒÃ»ÃÑº»ÃØ§ ÀÙÁÔ·ÑÈ¹ ¢Í§¾×é¹·ÕèãËŒ¤§ÊÀÒ¾ã¡ÅŒà¤ÕÂ§ ËÃ×ÍàËÁ×Í¹à´ÔÁãËŒÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ à·‹Ò·Õè¨ÐÁÒ¡ä´Œ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÐººÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁºÃÃ¾¡ÒÅ¢Í§áËÅ‹§ ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ¹Ñé¹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶·íÒä´Œâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂÈÒÊµÃ áÅÐÈÔÅ»Š·ÕèÊÓ¤ÑÞá¢¹§ µ‹Ò§æ »ÃÐÂØ¡µ à¢ŒÒ´ŒÇÂ¡Ñ¹«Öè§ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¨íÒá¹¡ ä´Œ 3 ÇÔ¸Õ ¤×Í ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¨Ò¡àÍ¡ÊÒÃ ËÃ×Í ºÑ¹·Ö¡»ÃÐàÀ·µ‹Ò§æ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ¨Ò¡ÃÙ»áººÈÔÅ»ÐáÅÐÊ¶Ò»˜µÂ¡ÃÃÁáÅÐ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂ ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·Ò§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊµÃ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁºÃÃ¾¡ÒÅ¨ÐÁØ‹§à¹Œ¹à¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¶Ö§ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§¢Í§ÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈÇÔ·ÂÒ¢Í§¾×¹é ·Õ¤è Çº¤Ùä‹ »¡Ñº¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ¤ÇÒÁà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§·Ò§¸Ã³ÕÇÔ·ÂÒáÅÐ»°¾ÕÇÔ·ÂÒ¢Í§ªÑé¹´Ô¹·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§ÊÒÁÒÃ¶áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹¶Ö§¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§¢Í§ÊÀÒ¾ ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈã¹Í´Õµ¨¹¶Ö§»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹¢Í§¾×é¹·ÕèÈÖ¡ÉÒä´ŒÍÕ¡´ŒÇÂ ·Ñé§¹Õéâ´ÂÁÕ ¨Ø´»ÃÐÊ§¤ ËÅÑ¡à¾×èÍãªŒã¹¡ÒÃµÍº¤íÒ¶ÒÁà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ ¢Í§ÊÀÒ¾¾×é¹·Õè¹Ñé¹à»š¹ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ àª‹¹ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§¢Í§ÃÐ´Ñº ¹éíÒ·ÐàÅã¹¾×é¹·Õè ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈã¹áµ‹ÅÐÂØ¤/ÊÁÑÂ áÅÐ·Õäè ´ŒÃºÑ ¤ÇÒÁÊ¹ã¨à»š¹ÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡ã¹»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ¤×Í¡ÒÃ¹íÒÁÒãªŒã¹¡ÒÃ »ÃÑº»ÃØ§ÀÙÁÔ·ÑÈ¹ ¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ à¾×èÍ»ÃÑº»ÃØ§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔ·ÑÈ¹ ËÃ×Í ¨Ñ´·íÒáºº¨íÒÅÍ§¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁãËŒã¡ÅŒà¤ÕÂ§ËÃ×Í¶Ù¡µŒÍ§µÒÁ ÊÀÒ¾´Ñé§à´ÔÁ¢Í§¾×é¹·ÕèãËŒÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´à·‹Ò·Õè¨ÐÁÒ¡ä´Œ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¨Ò¡àÍ¡ÊÒÃ·Õ¹è ÂÔ Á¡Ñ¹ÍÂ‹Ò§á¾Ã‹ËÅÒÂ¹Ñ¹é à¾ÃÒÐ§‹ÒÂáÅÐÊÐ´Ç¡µ‹Í¡ÒÃËÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ «Öè§ä´Œá¡‹ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ò¡ºÑ¹·Ö¡ ¨ÒÃÖ¡ ¾§ÈÒÇ´ÒÃ ¨´ËÁÒÂàËµØ áÅÐ»ÙÁ «Öè§ÁÑ¡¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃ¡Å‹ÒÇ¶Ö§ ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õèµ‹Ò§æ ·Õè¼ÙŒºÑ¹·Ö¡ä´Œà¢ŒÒä»à¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ àª‹¹ ¡ÒÃ¡Å‹ÒÇ¶Ö§ÊÀÒ¾¢Í§ºÃÔàÇ³»‡ÍÁºÒ§¡Í¡¢Í§ºÒ·ËÅÇ§µÒÃ ªÒÃ´ ¹Ô¡ÒÂàÂ«ÙÍÔµ ¤¹áÃ¡«Öè§à´Ô¹·Ò§à¢ŒÒÁÒÍÂØ¸ÂÒã¹ÊÁÑÂ·ÕèÁÒ¡Ñº¤³Ð ½ÃÑè§àÈÊã¹ ¾.È. 2228 «Öè§µÃ§¡ÑºÊÁÑÂÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐ¹ÒÃÒÂ³ ÁËÒÃÒª ·íÒãËŒ·ÃÒºÇ‹Òã¹Í´Õµ¾×é¹·ÕèºÃÔàÇ³¡ÃØ§à·¾ÁËÒ¹¤Ãã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹¹Ñé¹ ÁÕÊÀÒ¾à»š¹´Ô¹àÅ¹ à»š¹¾×é¹·ÕèÅØ‹ÁµèíÒ¹éíÒ·‹ÇÁ¢Ñ§ ËÃ×Í¨Ò¡¨ÒÃÖ¡ ÇÑ´»†ÒÁÐÁ‹Ç§ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÊØâ¢·ÑÂ ·Õè¡Å‹ÒÇ¶Ö§ÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈ¡ÒÃÁÕÍÂÙ‹¢Í§ ¾×ªã¹ºÃÔàÇ³â´ÂÃÍº (´ŒÒ¹·Õè 2 ºÃÃ·Ñ´·Õè 11 - 24) Ç‹Ò “.....¨Ö§ãªŒ ¹ÒÂª‹Ò§ãËŒ¿˜§¤íÒÊÑè§»ÅÙ¡ÊÃŒÒ§¡Ø®Õ¾ÔËÒÃ ¡ÅÒ§»†ÒÁÐÁ‹Ç§ ÍÑ¹ÁÕâ´Â 1 2 1 2

Currently, the study of the Palaeoenvironment as part of cultural heritage has become popular due to the need to restore landscape to its original or previous state. This study applies disciplines both from science and art, which can classify into 3 methods namely 1) study from documentations and memoranda, 2) study from art and architecture, and 3) study from the scientiﬁc process.

¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 5 ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹Í´Õµ·Ò§¸Ã³Õ¡ÒÅ Environmental Oﬃcial, Level 5, Oﬃce of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning. The environment as perceived through geological time scales.

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáÅÐÁÅ¾ÔÉ I Environment and Pollution ·ÔÈ»˜È¨ÔÁ¢Í§àÁ×Í§ÊØâ¢·ÑÂ¹Õé......áÅÐ»ÅÙ¡ÊÃŒÒ§¡Ø®ÕÇÔËÒÃ Ê¶Ò¹·Õè¡Ò§ à¾´Ò¹ÍÑ¹ÇÔ¨ÔµÃ.....ã¹¡ÅÒ§ÊØÁÁ‹Ç§ãËŒ»ÃÐ´ÔÉ°Ò¹¡Ø®Õ¾ÔËÒÃ....” «Öè§à»š¹ ·ÕèÁÒ¢Í§ª×èÍâºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹áË‹§¹Õé ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§»ÃÒ¡¯¢ŒÍ¤ÇÒÁÍÕ¡ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂ·ÕèáÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹¶Ö§ ÊÀÒ¾¾×é¹·Õè¢Í§àÁ×Í§ÊØâ¢·ÑÂáÅÐÍÂØ¸ÂÒ ã¹áµ‹ÅÐª‹Ç§ÂØ¤ÊÁÑÂ µÒÁ ¨ÒÃÖ¡ËÃ×ÍºÑ¹·Ö¡¡ÒÃà´Ô¹·Ò§µÔ´µ‹ÍÃÐËÇ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹·Ñé§¢Í§¤¹¾×é¹¶Ôè¹áÅÐ ªÒÇµ‹Ò§ªÒµÔ·Õèà´Ô¹·Ò§à¢ŒÒÁÒáÅ¡à»ÅÕèÂ¹¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ ã¹´ŒÒ¹µ‹Ò§æ àª‹¹ ºÑ¹·Ö¡¡ÒÃ·íÒ¡ÒÃ¤ŒÒ¢Í§ºÃÔÉÑ·ÍÕÊµ àÍàªÕÂµÔ¡Ê (VOC) ËÃ×Í ¨´ËÁÒÂàËµØá¡ÁÁÔà¿ÍÃ à»š¹µŒ¹ «Öè§¢ŒÍ¤ÇÒÁàËÅ‹Ò¹ÕéÂÑ§¤§ÃÍ¤ÍÂ ¡ÒÃ¾ÔÊÙ¨¹ ¢ŒÍà·ç¨¨ÃÔ§µ‹Íä» à»š¹µŒ¹ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂÃÙ»áººÈÔÅ»ÐáÅÐÊ¶Ò»˜µÂ¡ÃÃÁ à»š¹¡ÒÃ ÈÖ¡ÉÒâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂÃ‹Í§ÃÍÂ¢Í§ÃÙ»áººÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯ËÅ§àËÅ×ÍÍÂÙ‹ º¹âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ã¹áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ ¹Í¡àË¹×Í¨Ò¡·Õè¹Ñ¡âºÃÒ³¤´Õ áÅÐ¹Ñ¡»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ ÈÔÅ»Š¨ÐãªŒà»š¹ÊÔè§¡íÒË¹´ª‹Ç§ÍÒÂØáÅÐàÇÅÒ ã¹¡ÒÃ¡‹ÍÊÃŒÒ§ »ÃÑº»ÃØ§ ËÃ×Í à»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ¹Ñé¹æ «Öè§ ÈÔÅ» ¹¼ÙŒÃÑ§ÊÃÃ¤ §Ò¹ÁÑ¡¨ÐËÂÔºÂ¡ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢ŒÒ§µÑÇËÃ×ÍàÃ×èÍ§ÃÒÇ ·Õ»è ÃÒ¡¯Ã‹ÇÁÂØ¤ÊÁÑÂ à»š¹Í§¤ »ÃÐ¡ÍºËÅÑ¡ã¹¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§ÊÃÃ¤ ¨¹Ô µ¹Ò¡ÒÃ §Ò¹ÈÔÅ»Š¢Í§µ¹ àª‹¹ ÀÒ¾µŒ¹¡ÅŒÇÂáÅÐµŒ¹µÒÅ·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯ãËŒàËç¹ ÍÂ‹Ò§à´‹¹ªÑ´º¹ÀÒ¾¨ÔµÃ¡ÃÃÁ½Ò¼¹Ñ§ÇÑ´ÀÙÁÔ¹·Ã ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´¹‹Ò¹ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·Ò§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊµÃ ÇÔ¸¡Õ ÒÃ·Õ¹è ÂÔ Á ãªŒã¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñº§Ò¹âºÃÒ³¤´Õ ¤×Í¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ò¡Ç§»‚äÁŒáÅÐ ¨Ò¡ÅÐÍÍ§àÃ³Ù «Öè§¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·Ñé§ÊÍ§¨ÐãËŒ¼ÅÅÑ¾¸ ¢Í§¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·Õè áµ¡µ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ ¡Å‹ÒÇ¤×Í ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ò¡Ç§»‚äÁŒ ¨Ð·íÒãËŒ·ÃÒº¶Ö§ÊÀÒ¾ ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈã¹¢³Ð·ÕèµŒ¹äÁŒ¹Ñé¹ÁÕªÕÇÔµÍÂÙ‹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¢Í§ Gordon Jacoby ÂÑ§¾ºÇ‹ÒÇ§»‚·Õè¼Ô´ÃÙ»ä»¨Ò¡»¡µÔÊÒÁÒÃ¶º‹§ªÕé¶Ö§ ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´á¼‹¹´Ô¹äËÇÍÕ¡´ŒÇÂ ·Ñé§¹Õéà¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍà¨ÃÔÞ¢Í§à¹×éÍäÁŒ

The study of the Palaeoenvironment emphasizes changes in the ecosystem of an area, as well as its geology and soil science. Moreover, it highlights climate changes from the past until the present since its primary goal is to report on and respond to the changes to the area, for example the change of sea level and climate, for each area. These days, more emphasis is placed on this study because of its role in understanding the landscapes of the past and in restoring artistic artifacts to their original state as far as possible. The study by review literature is popular, these include memoranda, inscriptions, lineage documents, archives and almanacs. These also mention about information on the environment of the area. For example, Fr. Guy Tachard SJ of the Jesuits’, who was among the first group of French people who came to King Narai the Great’s Ayutthaya in 1685, mention about Bangkok fortress. It reveals that the soil of Bangkok was clay filled with water. An inscription at Wat Pa Mamueng, Sukhothai, describes the plant ecosystem (side 2, line 11 - 24) thus: “[He] .... commanded the workers to construct a temple in the middle of the mango tree forest west of Sukhothai....the fineness of temple ceiling.... in the neighbourhood of mango trees was a temple constructed....” and this is the name of this historical site. In addition, numerous resources also illustrate Sukhothai and Ayutthaya throughout the ages. Inscriptions or travel memoranda between locals and foreigners, such as those from the East Asian Company (VOC) or Kaempfer’s archives, await further investigation. The study of art and architecture also reveals the presence and nature of artifacts in ancient remains. Besides the time and date of construction, archaeologists and historians can identify acts of renovation or modification of the cultural heritage. Further, artists can make discoveries about the environment through studying artistic pieces, for example the painting of banana plants and palm trees in the wall of Wat Poomin, Nan. The study by using scientific method can apply to archaeology for example, studying tree rings (Dendrochronology) and pollen (Palaeobotany), which yield different results. Tree rings provide information on the climate during the period of the tree’s growth. Furthermore, Gordon Jacoby determined that some unusual tree rings were shown when earthquakes occurred. The growth of tree rings varies in accordance with the presence of water in the different seasons. 45

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal ¨Ðá»Ã¼Ñ¹µÒÁ»ÃÔÁÒ³¹éÒí ·Õµè ¹Œ äÁŒä´ŒÃºÑ ã¹áµ‹ÅÐÄ´Ù¡ÒÅ ã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ´ŒÇÂ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇÁÕ¢ŒÍ¨íÒ¡Ñ´¤×Í ¾ºäÁŒà¾ÕÂ§ 2 ª¹Ô´ à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹·ÕèÁÕÇ§»‚·Õèà¨ÃÔÞà©ÅÕèÂ»‚ÅÐ 1 Ç§ ¤×Í äÁŒÊ¹ (Tectona grandis L.f.) Ç§È PINACEAE Ê¡ØÅÊ¹ÊÍ§ãº (Pinus merkusii Jungh. De Vriese) áÅÐÊ¹ÊÒÁãº (Pinus kesiya Royle. ex Gordon.) àª‹¹ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÇ§»‚¢Í§âÅ§äÁŒÊ¡Ñ ã¹à¢µÍíÒàÀÍ»Ò§ÁÐ¼ŒÒ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´áÁ‹ÎÍ‹ §ÊÍ¹ «Öè§áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁµ‹Íà¹×èÍ§¢Í§¾Ô¸Õ¡ÃÃÁ·Ò§¨ÔµÇÔÞÞÒ³«Öè§¹íÒ äÁŒÊÑ¡ÁÒ»ÃÐ´ÔÉ° à»š¹âÅ§ â´ÂÁÕÃÙ»áººÇÔÇÑ²¹Ò¡ÒÃ¢Í§ËÑÇâÅ§·Õè áµ¡µ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ ã¹ÂØ¤¡‹Í¹»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ (ª‹Ç§»ÃÐÁÒ³ 2,300 1,200 »‚¡‹Í¹) ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹¶Ö§ÊÀÒ¾¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¡ÒÈ¢Í§¾×¹é ·Õºè ÃÔàÇ³¹Ñ¹é ÍÕ¡´ŒÇÂ ã¹¢³Ð·Õ¡è ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ò¡ÅÐÍÍ§ àÃ³Ù¹Ñé¹ ¨Ð·íÒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ò¡µÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§´Ô¹ ÍÔ°áÅÐËÔ¹ à»š¹µŒ¹ à¾× è Í ¹í Ò ÁÒ·í Ò ¡ÒÃÊ¡Ñ´áÅÐÊÑ§à¤ÃÒÐË áÂ¡ÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ á ÅÐÍ¹Ô ¹ ·ÃÕ Â ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¡Ñ¹â´Â¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·Ò§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊµÃ ¡‹Í¹¨Ð¹íÒµÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·Õè ä´ŒÁÒÈÖ¡ÉÒà»ÃÕÂºà·ÕÂº¡ÑºÅÐÍÍ§àÃ³ÙµÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§µ‹Íä» àª‹¹ ¡ÒÃ ÈÖ¡ÉÒµÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·Õèä´Œ¨Ò¡ªÑé¹´Ô¹ºÃÔàÇ³ÊÃÐ¹éíÒ ã¹ºÃÔàÇ³ÊÇ¹ËÂ‹ÍÁ ¢Í§¾ÃÐÃÒªÇÑ§âºÃÒ³ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´¾ÃÐ¹¤ÃÈÃÕÍÂØ¸ÂÒ ¾ºÇ‹Òã¹ª‹Ç§ »ÅÒÂ¢Í§¡ÃØ § ÈÃÕ Í ÂØ ¸ ÂÒºÃÔ à Ç³´Ñ § ¡Å‹ Ò Ç¶Ù ¡ »¡¤ÅØ Á ä»´Œ Ç Â¾× ª ã¹Ç§È Amaranthaceae (ºÒ¹äÁ‹ÃÙŒâÃÂ½ÃÑè§) Urticaceae (µíÒáÂ) áÅÐ Moraceae (¢¹Ø¹) ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§¾ºµÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§¢Í§¾×ª ¹éíÒ¡Ã‹ÍÂ àª‹¹ â¡§¡Ò§ (Rhizophoraceae) áÊÁ (Avicennia) áÅÐÅíÒ¾Ù (Sonneratia) «Öè§ÊÑ¹¹ÔÉ°Ò¹Ç‹Ò¹‹Ò¨ÐÅÍÂÁÒµÒÁ¹éíÒ¨Ò¡ ºÃÔàÇ³¾×é¹·Õè¹éíÒ¡Ã‹ÍÂ«Öè§äÁ‹ä¡Å¨Ò¡ÍÂØ¸ÂÒÁÒ¡¹Ñ¡ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡äÁ‹¾º ªÑ¹é µÐ¡Í¹à¡Å×Íã¹ªÑ¹é ´Ô¹·Õ¾è ºµÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§àËÅ‹Ò¹Õé áÅÐàÁ×Íè ·íÒ¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË Ã‹ÇÁ¡ÑººÑ¹·Ö¡¢Í§ªÒÇµ‹Ò§ªÒµÔ·Õèà´Ô¹·Ò§à¢ŒÒÁÒã¹ª‹Ç§ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¹Ñé¹ àª‹¹ ºÒ·ËÅÇ§µÒÃ ªÒÃ µ áÅÐ á¡ÁÁÔà¿ÍÃ (Kaempfer) ¾ºÇ‹Ò¾×ª ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¾ºÍÂÙ‹à»š¹¨íÒ¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ã¹ºÃÔàÇ³¾×é¹·Õè·Õèà»š¹¡ÃØ§à·¾ÁËÒ¹¤Ã ã¹»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ËÃ×Í¨Ò¡µÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§´Ô¹·Õäè ´Œã¹ªÑ¹é ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁã¹ª‹Ç§µÍ¹»ÅÒÂ ¢Í§ÍÒ³Ò¨Ñ¡ÃÊØâ¢·ÑÂ (¾.È. 1900) ã¹ºÃÔàÇ³¤Ù¹éíÒÃÍºÇÑ´ã¹à¢µ âºÃÒ³¢Í§ÍØ·ÂÒ¹»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ ÊØâ¢·ÑÂ ¾ºÇ‹Ò ¾×é¹·ÕèÊ‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹ã¹ Í´Õµ¹Ñé¹»¡¤ÅØÁä»´ŒÇÂ µÒÅâµ¹´ ÁÐ¾ÃŒÒÇ ÁÐÁ‹Ç§ ÁÐ¢ÒÁ áÅÐÂÒ§ à»š¹µŒ¹

Scientific study in Thailand has the constraint that there are only two types of tree that has average one ring per year, which are the teak (Tectona grandis L.f) and the pine (Pinaceae, Pinus merkusii Jungh. De Vriese and Pinus kesiya Royle. ex Gordon). The study of tree rings of log coffins in the Pangmapa district of Mae Hong Son shows continuity of ritual in using teak as a coffin log and which evolved into various patterns in the prehistoric era (approximately 1,200-2,300 years before present). It

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáÅÐÁÅ¾ÔÉ I Environment and Pollution ·Ñé§¹Õé¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·Ò§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊµÃ ·Ñé§ÊÍ§¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ¹Õé äÁ‹à»š¹·Õèá¾Ã‹ËÅÒÂã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÁÒ¡¹Ñ¡ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡¢ŒÍ¨íÒ¡Ñ´¢Í§ ºØ¤ÅÒ¡ÃáÅÐ¡ÒÃãËŒ¤Ø³¤‹ÒáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ ¼Å§Ò¹·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯«Öè§ÁÑ¡ ¨Ñ´·íÒâ´Â¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃªÒÇµ‹Ò§ªÒµÔ·Õèà¢ŒÒÁÒ·íÒ¡ÒÃÇÔ¨ÑÂã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â à»š¹Ê‹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ ÍÕ¡·Ñé§¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¶ŒÒ¨ÐãËŒä´Œ¼Å¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·Õè ÊÁºÙÃ³ ¨ÐµŒÍ§·íÒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤‹ÒÍÒÂØ â´ÂÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃµ‹Ò§æ àª‹¹ Carbon dating ËÃ×Í Thermo luminescence «Öè§ÁÕÃÒ¤ÒÊÙ§ ã¹ºÒ§¤ÃÑé§äÁ‹¤ØŒÁ¤‹Ò¡Ñº¡ÒÃÅ§·Ø¹ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹¨ÐàËç¹ä´ŒÇ‹Ò¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈÇÔ·ÂÒã¹Í´Õµ¢Í§ áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ¶ŒÒ¨ÐãËŒä´Œ¼Å·Õè¶Ù¡µŒÍ§áÅÐÊÁºÙÃ³ ¨ÐäÁ‹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ãªŒ à¾ÕÂ§ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃã´ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃË¹Öè§à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ ËÒ¡áµ‹µŒÍ§ÍÒÈÑÂÊËÇÔ·ÂÒã¹ËÅÒÂ ÊÒ¢Ò»ÃÐ¡ÍºÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ ¨Ö§¨Ðä´Œ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§áÁ‹¹ÂíÒáÅÐÁÕ ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´¾ÅÒ´¢Í§¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¹ŒÍÂ·ÕèÊØ´ß

also shows how the climate has changed in the area. Pollen analysis, on the other hand, uses samples of soil, bricks and rock. Organic substances are extracted from non-organic material and analysed. The study of soil from a garden pond from an ancient palace in Ayutthaya has revealed that, in the late of Ayutthayan period, was covered with various plants such as Amaranthaceae, Urticaceae and Moraceae. Samples of mangrove plants were also found, such as Rhizophoraceae, Avicennia and Sonneratia. It can be assumed that they came from the area of brackish water located not far from Ayutthaya, since no trace of salt sediment was found in these samples. Analyses of such foreign memoranda, Fr. Guy Tachard SJ and of Kaempfer in that period, reveal that those plants were plentiful in what is now the area of Bangkok. Soil samples from the late Sukhothai period 1357 taken from pond areas around ancient historical sites show that the land was mostly covered with palm, coconut, mango, tamarind and rubber trees, among others. However, these scientiﬁc method, tree rings and pollen analysis, are not popular in Thailand because of the lack of trained personnel and people do not appreciate the value and importance of the work. Most of the research are conducted by foreign scholars who working in Thailand. Besides, a complete study also require carbon dating or Thermo luminescence method, which are high cost and sometimes the investment is not justiﬁed by results. As a result, for a study of the early ecosystem of our cultural heritage to be accurate and complete, several methods are needed. A multidisciplinary approach will render better accuracy and fewer errors.ß

ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ËÒÍ‹Ò¹à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁä´Œ¨Ò¡ For Further Reading:

1) ÂÍÃ ª à«à´Ê , “ËÅÑ¡·Õè 4 ÈÔÅÒ¨ÒÃÖ¡ÇÑ´»†� 74 – 86. 2) � 3) Han ten Brummelhius, A History of the contacts between The Netherlands and Thailand, 1987. 4) Manas Wattanasak, Assoc Prof. Dr., et al., Palaeo-ecological Reconstruction of Sukhothai World Heritage, Bangkok, 2003. 5) Bernard Maloney, Environmental Reconstruction at Ayutthaya, Thailand, Queen’s University, Northern Ireland 6) http://highland.trf.or.th/ 7) http://www.royin.go.th 1) George Cœd‹s “The Fourth Kh� 1978,) p. 74-86 2) George Cds “The Kh� 3) Hans ten Brummelhius, A History of the Contacts between the Netherlands and Thailand, 1987 4) Manas Wattanasak, Assoc Prof. Dr., et al., Palaeo-ecological Reconstruction of Sukhothai World Heritage, Bangkok, 2003 5) Bernard Maloney, Environmental Reconstruction at Ayutthaya, Thailand, Queen’s University, Northern Ireland 6) http://highland.trf.or.th/ 7) http://www.royin.go.th

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal

Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage ¡Ã¾Ô¹¸Ø ¾ÂÑ¤¦»ÃÐ¡ÒÃ³

Korapin Payakaprakarn1

¹ÔÂÒÁ Deﬁnition

ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ áËÅ‹§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÁèÕ ¤Õ ³Ø ¤‹Òâ´´à´‹¹ÃÐ´ÑºÊÒ¡Å (outstanding universal value) ¨¹ä´ŒÃºÑ ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐ¡ÒÈ¢Ö¹é ·ÐàºÕÂ¹ãËŒà»š¹áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ ÀÒÂãµŒËÅÑ¡à¡³± ·ÃèÕ ÐºØäÇŒã¹Í¹ØÊÞÑ ÞÒÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ¤ØÁŒ ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ áÅÐ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ËÃ×ÍÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ (The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage) World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites are sites of outstanding universal value in cultural and natural aspects and are listed as World Heritage sites under criteria outlined by the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, or the World Heritage Convention. ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ ¨Ö§à»š¹¡Åä¡ÊíÒ¤ÑÞã¹¡ÒÃ¤Ñ´àÅ×Í¡áËÅ‹§ ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈÀÒ¤ÕÊÁÒªÔ¡à¾×èÍ ¹íÒä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹à»š¹áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ â´ÂÁÕ Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention à»š¹á¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔÊíÒËÃÑº»ÃÐà·ÈÀÒ¤ÕÊÁÒªÔ¡

Therefore, the Convention serves as the important mechanism in selecting which sites of the States Parties to be considered for inscription on the World Heritage List.. There is also “Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention” available to the States Parties.

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Thailand and World Heritage Convention

»ÃÐà·Èä·Âä´Œà¢ŒÒÃ‹ÇÁà»š¹ÀÒ¤Õã¹Í¹ØÊÞÑ ÞÒÏ àÁ×Íè à´×Í¹ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á »‚ ¾.È. 2530 áÅÐ¨¹¶Ö§»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ (à´×Í¹µØÅÒ¤Á »‚ ¾.È. 2550) ä´ŒÁÕ »ÃÐà·Èµ‹Ò§æ ÃÇÁ 185 »ÃÐà·È à¢ŒÒÃ‹ÇÁà»š¹ÀÒ¤Õã¹Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ ©ºÑº¹Õé ¨Ö§¹Ñºä´ŒÇ‹ÒÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ à»š¹¤ÇÒÁµ¡Å§ ÃÐ´Ñº¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔà¾×Íè ¡ÒÃ¤ØÁŒ ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·èÕ »ÃÐÊº¤ÇÒÁÊíÒàÃç¨ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒË¹Öè§ ¾Ñ¹¸¡Ã³Õ·»èÕ ÃÐà·Èä·ÂáÅÐÃÑ°ÀÒ¤Õã¹Í¹ØÊÞÑ ÞÒÏ ¨ÐµŒÍ§ÂÍÁÃÑº Ã‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ã¹¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃáÅÐµÃÐË¹Ñ¡ÍÂÙ‹àÊÁÍ ÁÕ´Ñ§¹Õé 1. ¡íÒË¹´¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐÇÒ§á¼¹áÁ‹º·à¾×Íè ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃ¡Ñ É áÅÐ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ·Õè¤íÒ¹Ö§¶Ö§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ·ÕèÁÕ »ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ ¾ÃŒÍÁä»¡Ñº¡ÒÃãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹ ÍÂ‹Ò§àËÁÒÐÊÁ¢Í§ªØÁª¹ 2. ¡íÒË¹´ÁÒµÃ¡ÒÃ·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁ´ŒÒ¹¡®ËÁÒÂ ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊµÃ à·¤â¹âÅÂÕ ¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ áÅÐ¡ÒÃÊ¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹§º»ÃÐÁÒ³ à¾×Íè ¡ÒÃ ÈÖ¡ÉÒÇÔ¨ÑÂ ¡ÒÃ»¡»‡Í§¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ¡ÒÃºÃÔ¡ÒÃ·Ò§¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ áÅÐ¡ÒÃ¿„œ¹¿ÙÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ 3. ÅÐàÇŒ¹¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃã´æ ·ÕèÍÒ¨¨Ð·íÒÅÒÂÁÃ´¡·Ò§ ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¢Í§ÃÑ°ÀÒ¤ÕÍ×è¹æ ·Ñé§â´Â·Ò§µÃ§áÅÐ ·Ò§ÍŒÍÁ áµ‹¨ÐÊ¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹áÅÐª‹ÇÂàËÅ×ÍÃÑ°ÀÒ¤ÕÍ×è¹æ ã¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ÇÔ¨ÑÂáÅÐ»¡»‡Í§¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔã¹ »ÃÐà·È¹Ñé¹æ 1 1

Thailand became one of the States Parties in this convention in August, 1987. As of October, 2007, there are 185 States Parties in this convention. World Heritage Convention has proven to be one of the most successful international agreements on cultural and natural heritage conservation. The obligations that Thailand and other States Parties must share and adhere to are as follows. 1. Formulate policies and master plans for cultural and natural heritage conservation that are both efficient and beneficial to communities. 2. Formulate appropriate administrative, legal, scientific, and technological measures and provide funds for cultural and natural researches, conservation and protection campaigns, educational services, and rehabilitation programs. 3. Refrain from any action that could either directly or indirectly deteriorate cultural and natural heritage sites of other States Parties at the same time, support and assist other States Parties in their cultural and natural research and conservation programs.

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4. Each World Heritage Site belongs to the state where the site is located. Thailand’s Properties submitted on the Cultural and Natural Heritage List Since the Royal Cabinet ratiﬁed Thailand to become one of the States Parties of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1987, Thailand has 5 properties inscribed on the World Heritage List. • Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns (Sukhothai Historical Park with associated historic parks in Sri Satchanalai and Kamphaeng Phet) was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1991 for the outstanding architectural value, representing the earliest Siamese Arts as well as Thailand’s origin. • Historic City of Ayutthaya was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1991 as a center of prominent artistic value and growth, representing how Thai Arts transformed over time. • Thungyai - Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries was inscribed on the World Heritage site in 1991 for the vast conservation forest that is biologically and ecologically invaluable. The area’s unique landscape and characteristics help shelter a great number of wild ﬂoras and faunas. • Ban Chiang Archaeological Site was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1992 for its rich archaeological value. Unearthed artifacts from the site, some are dated back over 5,000 years, help illustrate a clear view of ancient human civilization that was once widespread in Southeast Asia as well as to unveil technological evolution in the region. • Dong Phaya Yen - Khao Yai Forest Complex was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2005 for its fertile ecosystems, biodiversity, and a vast forest area covering 5 adjoining major forests in Thailand, namely Khao Yai National Park, Thap Lan National Park, Pangsida National Park, Ta Phraya National Park, and Dongyai Wildlife Sanctuary. It is a great honor of Thailand to have 5 properties inscribed on the World Heritage List. Hence, thais should be proud and do our best to preserve and protect them. The government and public sectors should also educate the visitors and local residents about the immense values of these World Heritage sites in order to build up conscience in the mind of Thai people to preserve our national treasures.ß

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Book Review

“Critical Stage of Coastal Erosion along the Gulf of Thailand” ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§à»š¹»˜ÞËÒÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹áÅŒÇã¹ »ÃÐà·È·ÕèÁÕ¾×é¹·ÕèªÒÂ½˜›§·ÐàÅ·ÑèÇâÅ¡ ÊíÒËÃÑº»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¡ç»ÃÐÊº¡Ñº »˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§àª‹¹à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñº»ÃÐà·ÈÍ×è¹æ ªÒÂ½˜›§·ÐàÅ¢Í§ »ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 2,600 ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ áº‹§à»š¹ 2 ´ŒÒ¹ ¤×Í ªÒÂ½˜›§·ÐàÅÍ‹ÒÇä·Â ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇ 1,650 ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ ¤ÃÍº¤ÅØÁ ¾×é¹·Õè 17 ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ áÅÐªÒÂ½˜›§·ÐàÅÍÑ¹´ÒÁÑ¹ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇ 950 ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ ¤ÃÍº¤ÅØÁ¾×é¹·ÕèªÒÂ½˜›§·ÐàÅÃÇÁ 6 ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ ÁÕ»ÃÐªÒ¡Ã ÍÒÈÑÂã¹ºÃÔàÇ³¾×é¹·ÕèªÒÂ½˜›§¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¡Ç‹Ò 12 ÅŒÒ¹¤¹ ¼Å¨Ò¡ ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§·íÒãËŒá¹ÇªÒÂ½˜›§à»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ ËÃ×Íà¡Ô´¡ÒÃ¶ÍÂÃ‹¹ ¢Í§ªÒÂ·ÐàÅ «Öè§ÊÀÒ¾¢Í§ªÒÂ½˜›§à»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ä» ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¨ÐÊ‹§¼Å µ‹ÍÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈã¹ºÃÔàÇ³´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇáÅŒÇÂÑ§·íÒãËŒÊÙÞàÊÕÂ·ÑÈ¹ÕÂÀÒ¾ «Öè§Ê‹§¼Å¡ÃÐ·ºÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡µ‹Í¡ÒÃ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ áÅÐ¹íÒÁÒ«Öè§¤ÇÒÁÊÙÞàÊÕÂ ·Ò§àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈáÅŒÇ ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§ã¹ºÃÔàÇ³·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃ µÑé§¶Ôè¹°Ò¹¢Í§ªØÁª¹ÂÑ§·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊÙÞàÊÕÂ·ÃÑ¾Â ÊÔ¹·Ñé§¢Í§ 50

Coastal erosion has long been a critical problem in countries around the world adjacent to the sea, including Thailand. With a total shoreline of 2,600 kilometers Thailand has 1,650 kilometers in coastline along the Gulf of Thailand, covering 17 provinces, and 950 kilometers along the Andaman Sea, covering 6 provinces. There are over 12 million people residing along the coast. Inevitably, geographical changes and receding shoreline caused by coastal erosion pose adverse impacts not only on the coastal ecosystems, but also on the aesthetics. Consequently, tourism suffers, causing great economic loss to our country. Moreover, coastal erosion that occurs near residential areas brings about both public and private property damage that causes signiﬁcant