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Interview the Secretary-General Secretary Office of of the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

Sirindhorn International Environmental Park International learning Center on the Sufficiency Economy Enconomy Philosophy 60/1 «Í¾ԺÙÅÇѲ¹Ò 7 ¶¹¹¾ÃÐÃÒÁ·Õè 6 ¾ÞÒä· ¡Ãا෾ÁËÒ¹¤Ã 10400 â·Ã. 0 2265 6500 â·ÃÊÒÃ. 0 2265 6510-1 60/1 Soi Pibulwattana 7, Rama 6 Road, Phyathai, Bangkok 10400 Tel. 0 2265 6500 Fax. 0 2265 6510-1

ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal ÇÒÃÊÒà »‚·Õè 5 ©ºÑº·Õè 2 àÁÉÒ¹ - ÁԶعÒ¹ 2552 Vol. 5 No.2 April - June 2009 ISSN 1905-0984

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Advisors

Nisakorn Suthiluck Chanin Chintana Usa Duangmal Kitti

Kositratna Raviwan Tongdhamachart Thaweema Kiatchaipipat Sinthuvanich Tanhan

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Advisory Editor

Prasong

Eiam-anant

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Editor-in-Chief

Nawarat

Krairapanond

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ÁÔ觢ÇÑÞ »ÃÐàÊÃÔ° ÁѸÂÒ ÀÑ·ÃÔ¹·Ã ÇÃÈÑ¡´Ôì ÍÒÃÕ Íѧ¤³Ò ¡ÄÉ³Ò ¾ÔÃس àºÞ¨ÁÒÀó

¸ÃÈÔÃÔ¡ØÅ ÈÔÃÔ¹ÀҾà ÃÑ¡ÉÒÊѵ áʧãËŒÊØ¢ ¾‹Ç§à¨ÃÔÞ ÊØÇÃóÁ³Õ à©ÅÔÁ¾§È ÍÑÈÇÇÔÁŹѹ· ÊÑÂÂÐÊÔ·¸Ôì¾Ò¹Ôª ÇѲ¹¸§ªÑÂ

Editorial Board

Mingkwan Prasert Mathya Pattarin Warasak Aree Angkana Kritsana Phirun Benchamaporn

Thornsirikul Sirinapaporn Raksasataya Sanghaisuk Phuangcharoen Suwanmanee Chalermpong Aussavavimonun Saiyasitpanich Wattanatongchai

¤³Ð¼ÙŒ»ÃÐÊÒ¹§Ò¹

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·Í§ÊÑÁÄ·¸Ôì ¨Ôµµ¡Ò¹µ ¾ÔªÂ ÈÃÕÇ§É ©Ò ÇÕÃÐàÈÃÉ°¡ØÅ ¹Øª¾‹Ç§ äÇ»ÃÕªÕ àÍÕè¹ÇÔäÅ

Coordinators

Chanwit Sarika Numtip Artorn Aroonwan Ninubon Patcha

Thongsamrit Chittakanpitch Sriwongchay Weerasetakul Nuchpoung Waipreechee Eainwilai

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Publisher

Sinthu Creation Company Limited

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Editorial Notes

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ã¹ÇâáÒÊ·Õàè ÇÕ¹ÁÒºÃ躤úÃͺÇѹÁËÒÁ§¤Å¤ÅŒÒÂÇѹ¾ÃÐÃÒªÊÁÀ¾ ã¹ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐà·¾Ãѵ¹ÃÒªÊØ´Ò ÊÂÒÁºÃÁÃÒª¡ØÁÒÃÕ ã¹Çѹ·Õè 2 àÁÉÒ¹ 2552 ¡Í§ºÃóҸԡÒÃÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ¢Í¶ÇÒ¤ÇÒÁ ¨§ÃÑ¡ÀÑ¡´ÕáÅÐà·Ô´¾ÃÐà¡ÕÂõԾÃÐͧ¤ ·‹Ò¹·Õèä´Œ·Ã§¾ÃÐÃÒª¡Ã³Õ¡ԨãËÞ‹¹ŒÍ Íѹ໚¹¤Ø³Ù»¡ÒÃÂÔè§á¡‹¾Ê¡¹Ô¡ÃªÒÇä·ÂáÅлÃÐà·ÈªÒµÔÍ‹ҧËÒ·ÕèÊØ´ÁÔä´Œ ¡Í§ºÃóҸԡÒè֧¢Í¹íÒàʹͺ·¤ÇÒÁ¾ÔàÈÉ àÃ×èͧ “ÍØ·ÂÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔ ‘ÊÔÃÔ¹¸Ã’ Èٹ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒÊÒ¡Å µÒÁ»ÃѪÞҢͧàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¾Íà¾Õ§” ã¹ÇÒÃÊÒéºÑº¹Õéà¾×èÍ໚¹¡ÒÃà¼Âá¾Ã‹¾ÃÐà¡ÕÂõԤس áÅоÃлÃÕªÒÊÒÁÒö㹴ŒÒ¹ ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§¾ÃÐͧ¤ ·‹Ò¹ãˌ໚¹·Õè»ÃÐ¨Ñ¡É ·Ñ§é ªÒÇä·ÂáÅЪÒǵ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕÂé §Ñ ÁÕàÃ×Íè §ÃÒÇ´Õæ ÍÕ¡ÁÒ¡ÁÒ·ÕÀè Ҥʋǹµ‹Ò§æ ·Ñ§é ÀÒ¤ÃÑ° ÀÒ¤»ÃЪҪ¹ áÅÐàÂÒǪ¹ä·Â ä´ŒÃÇ‹ Á¡Ñ¹ºÃÔËÒèѴ¡Ò÷ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔ áÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¨¹à»š¹·ÕèÂÍÁÃѺáÅФÇÃä´ŒÃѺ¡Òá‹ͧ໚¹µÑÇÍ‹ҧ·Õè´Õ «Ö觷‹Ò¹ ¼ÙŒÍ‹Ò¹áÅз‹Ò¹¼ÙŒÊ¹ã¨ÊÒÁÒö㪌໚¹á¹Ç·Ò§»¯ÔºÑµÔáÅÐÈÖ¡ÉÒà¾ÔèÁàµÔÁµ‹Íä»ä´Œ

To

celebrate Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s Birthday Anniversary on April 2nd, 2009, the editorial board of Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal would like to present H.R.H. with our loyalty and our deep reverence for the tireless efforts and contributions, which is innumerable to Thai people and the country.

The editorial board proudly present the special article on “Sirindhorn International Environment Park, the International Learning Center Based on the Philosophy of the Sufficiency Economy” in this journal, in order to publicize H.R.H.’s knowledge and wisdom in environmental conservation, which is widely recognized by both Thais and foreigners. Moreover, we have also included many interesting stories on the collaboration between government, public, and young people in managing the environment that deserve public recognition as good examples for readers and concerned parties to follow and further study.

ÀÒ¾¨Ò¡»¡ Cover Picture

¨ÔÃÒÇÃó ºØ¹¹Ò¤ Jirawan Boonnak

ÊÒúÑÞ

CONTENS

.

ÀÒ¾¢‹ÒÇ Internews .

8

ÊÑÁÀÒɳ ¼ÙŒÃÙŒ / Interview

º·¤ÇÒÁ¾ÔàÈÉ / Special

ÍØ·ÂÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔ ‘ÊÔÃÔ¹¸Ã’ 16 Èٹ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒÊÒ¡Å º¹ËÅÑ¡àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¾Íà¾Õ§ Sirindhorn International Environmental Park International Learning Center on the Sufficiency Economy Principle

16

.

26 32 36 42 47

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅФÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ / Balance and Diverse

“ÃÒªÔ¹ÕáË‹§ÊÒ¹éíÒ....¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒÔ ¾ÅѧªØÁª¹¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò¡Ñº¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ·ÕèÂÑè§Â×¹ “Queen of the River ... Crinum Thaianum J.Schulze” Klong Nakar Community and Sustainable Conservation ÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔáÅо×é¹·Õè¤ØŒÁ¤Ãͧ·Ò§·ÐàÅ National Parks and Marine Protected Areas “»†Ò¼×¹ãËÞ‹ã¡ÅŒàÁ×ͧ ¼Å¼ÅÔµ¨Ò¡ªØÁª¹” “Grand Forest Near the City...A Community Product” .

26

32 36

ÜÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáÅÐÁžÔÉ / Environment and Pollution

¤ÇÒÁàª×èÍÁâ§ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§¡ÒèѴ·íÒÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔáÅÐ 42 ¹âºÒ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒȢͧ»ÃÐà·Èä·Â The linkage between National Communication and Climate Change Policy of Thailand ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ...·ÕèËÒÂä»!

47 Nature and the lost scenery! ÅФÃËØ‹¹ËÑÇâµ ‘ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡’ Ê×èÍàÅç¡æ ¾Ô·Ñ¡É âÅ¡ 52 Ban Tha Lay Nork Big Head Puppet Theatre A Tiny Medium for Protecting the World “á¹Ç·Ò§ºÃÔËÒèѴ¡Òû†ÒäÁŒÍ‹ҧÁÕʋǹËÇÁã¹¾×é¹·ÕèÅØ‹Á¹éíÒáÁ‹§Í¹” 58 “Participatory Forest Management Approach in the Mae Ngon Watershed Areas” .

¡‹Í¹¨Ð» ´àÅ‹Á / Epilogue

ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ô蹡Ѻ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ·ҧªÕÇÀÒ¾

64

á¹Ð¹íÒ˹ѧÊ×Í »ÃÐà´ç¹»˜ÞËÒ (Hot issues) ¡ÒáѴà«ÒÐáÁ‹¹éíÒ⢧ Introducing Hot Issues on Mekong River Erosion

66

58 Alien Species and Biological Diversity 64

3 5

º·ÊÑÁÀÒɳ ¹Ò§¹ÔÈÒ¡Ã â¦ÉÔµÃѵ¹ 8 àÃ×èͧ “·ÔÈ·Ò§áÅйâºÒ¡ÒÃᡌ䢻˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ” An Interview Script: “Policy Direction for Thailand to Address Climate Change” .

52

º·ºÃóҸԡÒà / Editorial

¢ŒÍ¤Ô´àËç¹áÅТŒÍàʹÍã´æ ·Õè¹ÓàʹÍ㹺·¤ÇÒÁµ‹Ò§æ ໚¹¢Í§¼ÙŒà¢Õ¹ All comments and recommendations in this journal are exclusively of the authors

ÀÒ¾¢‹ÒÇ Internews ÃÒ§ÇÑÅà¾×èͤسÀÒ¾ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·Õè´Õ µÒÁÁҵáÒÃã¹ÃÒ§ҹ ÍÕäÍàÍ

9 àÁÉÒ¹ 2552 : ¹ÒÂÊØÇÔ·Â ¤Ø³¡ÔµµÔ ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕÇ‹Ò¡ÒáÃзÃǧ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔ áÅÐÊÔ è § áÇ´ÅŒ Í Á໚ ¹ »ÃиҹÁͺÃÒ§ÇÑ Å Ê¶Ò¹»ÃСͺ¡ÒÃ·Õ è » ¯Ô º Ñ µ Ô µ ÒÁÁҵáÒà ã¹ÃÒ§ҹ¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË ¼Å¡ÃзºÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ áÅÐÁÕ ¡ ÒÃ¨Ñ ´ ¡ÒÃÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒ Í Á´Õ à ´‹ ¹ »ÃШíÒ»‚ 2551 ËÃ×Í EIA Monitoring Awards 2008 à¾×èÍ»ÃСÒÈà¡ÕÂõԤسᡋ ¼ÙŒ»ÃСͺ¡Òà ¨íҹǹ 43 â¤Ã§¡Ò÷Õèä´ŒÃѺ ¤Ñ´àÅ×Í¡Ï ³ âçáÃÁÁÔÃÒà¤ÔÅ á¡Ã¹´ ¤Í¹àǹªÑè¹ ËÅÑ¡ÊÕè ¡Ãا෾Ï

th

EIA Monitoring Awards

April 9 , 2009: Mr.Suwit Khunkitti, Minister of Natural Resources and the Environment, presided over the 2008 EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) Monitoring Awards ceremony. Forty three prizes were awarded to organizations practicing best environmental performance at the Miracle Grand Convention Hotel, Laksi, Bangkok.

“˹Ö觨ѧËÇÑ´ ˹Öè§áÃÁ«Òà 䫵 ”

30 àÁÉÒ¹ 2552 : ¹ÒÂÈÑ¡´ÔìÊÔ·¸Ôì µÃÕà´ª »ÅÑ ´ ¡ÃзÃǧ·ÃÑ ¾ ÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔ á ÅÐÊÔ è § áÇ´ÅŒ Í Á ໚¹»Ãиҹ໠´¡ÒûÃЪØÁ àÃ×èͧ “˹Ö觨ѧËÇÑ´ ˹֧è áÃÁ«Òà 䫵 ” «Ö§è Êíҹѡ§Ò¹¹âºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃѾÂÒ¡Ã ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ (ʼ.) ä´Œ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒõÒÁ ¹âºÒÂã¹´ŒÒ¹¡ÒèѴ¡Òþ×é¹·ÕèªØ‹Á¹éíÒã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ¢Í§ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕÇ‹Ò¡ÒáÃзÃǧ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐ ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ (¹ÒÂÊØÇÔ·Â ¤Ø³¡ÔµµÔ) àÁ×èÍÇѹ¾×é¹·ÕèªØ‹Á¹éíÒâÅ¡ 2 ¡ØÁÀҾѹ¸ 2552 ³ âçáÃÁÃÒÁÒ¡Òà ഌ¹· ¡Ãا෾Ï

“One Province, One Ramsar Site”

April 30th, 2009: Mr.Saksit Tridech, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, presided over the opening ceremony of the meeting on “One Province, One Ramsar Site,” arranged by the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) and based on the Wetland Management Policy of the Minister of Natural Resources and the Environment (Mr. Suwit Khunkitti) on World Wetland Day at Rama Garden Hotel, Bangkok.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 5

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21 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2552 : à¹×èͧã¹ÇѹÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ (22 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á) ¹ÒÂÊØÇÔ·Â ¤Ø³¡ÔµµÔ ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ Ç‹Ò¡ÒáÃзÃǧ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ໚¹»Ãиҹ à» ´¡ÒûÃЪØÁ àÃ×èͧ “¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ·ҧªÕÇÀÒ¾ : ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ô¹è ·ÕÃè ¡Ø ÃÒ¹” áÅÐÁͺÃÒ§ÇÑÅá¡‹ 7 ÀÒ¤¸ØáԨ´Õà´‹¹ ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃ͹ØÃ¡Ñ É ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ·ҧªÕÇÀÒ¾ 䴌ᡋ 1) ºÃÔÉ·Ñ »µ·.¨íÒ¡Ñ´ (ÁËÒª¹) 2) ºÃÔÉÑ· à¤Ã×Íà¨ÃÔÞâÀ¤Àѳ± ¨íÒ¡Ñ´ 3) ºÃÔÉÑ· âµâµŒÒ ÁÍàµÍà »ÃÐà·Èä·Â ¨íÒ¡Ñ´ 4) ¡ÒÃä¿¿‡Ò¹¤ÃËÅǧ 5) ºÃÔÉ·Ñ ¼ÅÔµ ä¿¿‡ÒÃÒªºØÃÕâÎÅ´Ôé§ ¨íÒ¡Ñ´ (ÁËÒª¹) 6) ºÃÔÉÑ· ÊÂÒÁ¿ÍàÃÊ·ÃÕ ¨íÒ¡Ñ´ 7) ºÃÔÉÑ··ÕâÍ·Õ ¨íÒ¡Ñ´ «Öè§Êíҹѡ§Ò¹¹âºÒÂáÅÐ á¼¹·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¨Ñ´¢Öé¹ ³ âçáÃÁ ÃÒÁÒ¡Òà ഌ¹· ¡Ãا෾Ï

The Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning Celebrated the International Day of Biological Diversity st

May 21 , 2009: On the International Day of Biological Diversity, Mr.Suwit Khunkitti, Minister of Natural Resources and the Environment presided over the Convention on “Biological Diversity: Invasive Alien Species” and presented awards to the following seven outstanding business organizations; 1) PTT Public Company Limited 2) Charoen Pokphand Group 3) Toyota Motor Thailand Co., Ltd. 4) Metropolitan Electricity Authority 5) Ratchaburi Electricity Generation Holding PCL 6) Siam Forestry Co., Ltd. 7) TOT PCL. The ceremony was organized by the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning at Rama Garden Hotel, Bangkok.

à» ´µÑÇâ¤Ã§¡Òà Cool Earth Partnership ÃѺÁ×͡Ѻ¡Òà à»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ

4 ÁԶعÒ¹ 2552 : ¹ÒÂÍÀÔÊÔ·¸Ôì àǪªÒªÕÇÐ ¹Ò¡ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ áÅÐ ¹ÒÂâ¤¨Ô â¤ÁÒªÔ àÍ¡ÍѤÃÃÒª·Ùµ»ÃÐà·ÈÞÕè»Ø†¹»ÃШíÒ»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ¾ÃŒÍÁ ¹ÒÂÊØÇÔ·Â ¤Ø³¡ÔµµÔ ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕÇ‹Ò¡ÒáÃзÃǧ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐ ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¡Å‹ÒÇà» ´â¤Ã§¡Òà Cool Earth Partnership ³ µÖ¡ÊѹµÔäÁµÃÕ ·íÒà¹ÕºÃÑ°ºÒŠ໚¹¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×ÍÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ JICA ¡Ñº»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ˹Ö觷ҧàÅ×Í¡ 㹡ÒèѴ¡ÒáѺ»˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ â´Â Êíҹѡ§Ò¹ ¹âºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ (ʼ.) 㹰ҹР˹‹Ç§ҹËÅѡ㹡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒõÒÁ͹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò´ŒÇ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ à»š¹¼ÙŒ»ÃÐÊÒ¹â¤Ã§¡ÒÃÏ à¾×èÍËÇÁ¡ÑºË¹‹Ç§ҹ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ ·Ñé§ÀÒ¤ÃÑ° áÅÐàÍ¡ª¹ã¹ÃдѺ»¯ÔºÑµÔ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¨Ñ´ãËŒÁÕ¡Òà »ÃÖ¡ÉÒËÒÃ×Íã¹ÃдѺ¹âºÒ à¾×èÍ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃÍ‹ҧÊÍ´¤ÅŒÍ§¡Ñºá¹Ç·Ò§ÂØ·¸ÈÒʵà áË‹§ªÒµÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇ¡ÒèѴ¡ÒáÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈáÅÐá¹Ç·Ò§¢ŒÍµ¡Å§ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·Èã¹ÃдѺ¾ËØÀÒ¤Õ·Õè¨ÐÁÕ¢Öé¹»ÅÒ»‚ 2552 ¹Õé ·Õè¡Ãاâ¤à»¹àÎࡹ »ÃÐà·Èà´¹ÁÒà ¡

Opening theth Cool Earth Partnership to Cope with Climate Change

June 4 , 2009: Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva and H.E. Mr.Koji Komachi, Japanese Ambassador to Thailand, together with Mr.Suwit Khunkitti, Minister of Natural Resources and the Environment, declared the official opening of the Cool Earth Partnership Project at Santi Mitri Building, Royal Thai Government House. This was a collaboration between JICA and Thailand, one of the alternative approaches to managing the problems arising from climate change. The Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) is the principle entity for coordinating work with concerned divisions in both the public and private sectors according to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It is also planning a policy conference to act in line with the National Strategy on Climate Change Management and bilateral agreements between countries which wil be held at the end of 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark.

6 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

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5 ÁԶعÒ¹ 2552 : à¹×èͧã¹ÇѹÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁâÅ¡ ¡ÃзÃǧ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ »ÃСÒÈà¡ÕÂõԤس 14 ¼ÙŒ·Ã§¤Ø³ÇØ²Ô ã¹¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáË‹§ªÒµÔ »ÃСͺ´ŒÇ 1) ÈÒʵÃÒ¨Òà´Ã.侨Եà àÍ×éÍ·ÇÕ¡ØÅ 2) ÈÒʵÃÒ¨Òà´Ã.Í´ØÅ ÇÔàªÕÂÃà¨ÃÔÞ 3) ÈÒʵÃÒ¨Òह֧ äªÂ 4) ¹ÒÂÁժѠÇÕÃÐäÇ·ÂÐ 5) ´Ã.Ç·ÑÞ Ù ³ ¶ÅÒ§ 6) ÈÒʵÃÒ¨Òà´Ã.ÇԨԵà ÈÃÕÊ͌ҹ 7) ¹Ò¾¹ÑÊ ·ÑȹÕÂÒ¹¹· 8) ÈÒʵÃÒ¨Òà´Ã.¸§ªÑ ¾ÃóÊÇÑÊ´Ôì 9) ÈÒʵÃÒ¨Òà´Ã.»ÃÔÞÞÒ ¹ØµÒÅÑ 10) ÈÒʵÃÒ¨Òà´Ã.ʹԷ ÍÑ¡ÉÃá¡ŒÇ 11) ÃͧÈÒʵÃÒ¨Òà´Ã.¤Ø³ËÞÔ§Á¸ØÃÊ ÃبÔÃÇѲ¹ 12) ¼ÙŒª‹ÇÂÈÒʵÃÒ¨Òà»ÃÐʧ¤ àÍÕèÂÁ͹ѹµ 13) ¼ÙŒª‹ÇÂÈÒʵÃÒ¨Òà´Ã.ÇÔàªÕÂà ¡ÕõԹԨ¡ÒÅ 14) ¹Ò§»ÃÒ³Õ ¾Ñ¹¸ØÁÊÔ¹ªÑ «Öè§à»š¹ºØ¤¤Å·ÕèÁÕº·ºÒ·ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ㹡ÒÃãËŒ¤íÒ»ÃÖ¡ÉÒ ¢ŒÍ¤Ô´àËç¹ áÅТŒÍàʹÍá¹Ð·Õè໚¹ »ÃÐ⪹ Í‹ҧÂÔ§è µ‹Í¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹áÅСÒþԨÒóҵѴÊԹ㨠·Õ¡è Í‹ ãËŒà¡Ô´»ÃÐ⪹ µÍ‹ »ÃÐà·ÈªÒµÔ㹡ÒúÃÔËÒèѴ¡Ò÷ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔ áÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ â´Â ¹ÒÂÊØÇÔ·Â ¤Ø³¡ÔµµÔ ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕÇ‹Ò¡ÒáÃзÃǧ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ໚¹¼ÙŒÁͺâÅ‹Ï ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ ³ Èٹ ¡ÒûÃЪØÁÍÔÁᾤ àÁ×ͧ·Í§¸Ò¹Õ

The Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment Honors 14 Environment Scholars

June 5th, 2009: The Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment honored the following 14 environment scholars on World Environment Day; 1) Professor Dr.Paijit Aietaveekul 2) Professor Dr.Adul Vichienjaroen 3) Professor Kanung Pachai 4) Mr.Meechai Veravaitaya 5) Dr.Vathatyu Na Thalang 6) Professor Dr.Vijit Srisaarn 7) Mr.Panus Tasneeyanon 8) Professor Dr.Thongchai Punsawat 9) Professor Dr.Prinya Nutalai 10) Professor Dr.Sanit Aksornkaew 11) Associate Professor Dr.Khunying Maturos Rujirawattana 12) Assistant Professor Prasong Iaemarnun 13) Assistant Professor Dr.Vichien Kiratinijakarn14) Mrs.Pranee Punthumasinchai These prominent scholars have played significant roles in the contribution of most useful advice, opinions and recommendations leading to performance improvements and better management of natural resources and the environment. In the country at this event, Mr.Suwit Khunkitti, Minister of Natural Resources and the Environment, presented them with special shields at the Impact Convention Center, Muang Thong Thani.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 7

º·ÊÑÁÀÒɳ àÃ×èͧ Ò¡ÒÈ” Í Ô Á Ù À Ò¾ À Ê Å§ á» ¹  è ÅÕ à» Òà ҡ Ë Þ ˜ ¢» ä ¡Œ Ãá “·ÔÈ·Ò§áÅйâºÒÂ¡Ò An Interview Script:r Thailand to Address Climate Change” “Policy Direction fo “¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ” ໚¹ÇÅÕ·ÕèàÃÒÁÑ¡¨Ðä´ŒÂԹ䴌¿˜§¡Ñ¹ÍÂÙ‹º‹Í¤ÃÑé§ áÅÐ໚¹·Õ蹋Òʹ㨢ͧ ºØ¤¤Åµ‹Ò§æ Íѹà¹×Íè §¨Ò¡ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà¡ÕÂè Ç¢ŒÍ§¡Ñº¡ÒôíÒçªÕÇµÔ áÅСÒÃÍÂÙË Í´¢Í§ÊÃþÊÔ§è º¹âš㺹Õé ¡Í§ºÃóҸԡÒÃÏ ¨Ö§¶×Í໚¹âÍ¡ÒÊ´Õ·Õèä´ŒÊÑÁÀÒɳ ·‹Ò¹àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíҹѡ§Ò¹¹âºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ (¹Ò§¹ÔÈÒ¡Ã â¦ÉÔµÃѵ¹ ) à¡ÕèÂǡѺ “·ÔÈ·Ò§áÅйâºÒ¡ÒÃᡌ䢻˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ” à¾×èÍãËŒ¤ÇÒÁ¡ÃШ‹Ò§à¡ÕèÂǡѺÊÒà赯 ¼Å¡Ãзº áÅСÒÃàµÃÕÂÁ¤ÇÒÁ¾ÃŒÍÁ㹡ÒÃÃѺÁ×Í¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¨Ò¡¡Òüѹ¼Ç¹·Ò§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ «Ö觶×ÍÇ‹Ò໚¹ÀÒáԨÊíÒ¤ÑޢͧÊíҹѡ§Ò¹Ï ÀÒáԨ˹Öè§ â´Â·‹Ò¹ä´Œà» ´ã¨µÍº¢ŒÍ«Ñ¡¶ÒÁ 3 »ÃÐà´ç¹ËÅÑ¡ «Ö觡ͧºÃóҸԡÒõŒÍ§¢Í¡ÃÒº¢Íº¾ÃФسÁÒ ³ âÍ¡ÒʹÕé Today we have often heard of the term “Climate Change”. This issue is interesting for several groups of people because the climate is very much relevant to the well-being and survival of all living creatures on this planet. The editors have interviewed the Secretary-General of the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), Mrs. Nisakorn Kositratana, on “the policy direction for Thailand to address climate change”, with the aim to give a clear understanding about the causes, impacts and preparedness of Thailand to respond and adapt to the changes in the environment due to climate variability and climate change.

ONEP, acting as Thailand’s Focal Point on this issue, is undertaking serious actions to address it. The Secretary-General discussed the following three main issues with us, and the editors wish to take this opportunity to express our gratitude for her time and insight.

8 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

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“»˜ Þ ËÒ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕ è  ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙ Á Ô Í Ò¡ÒÈ໚ ¹ »˜ Þ ËÒ ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞã¹ÃдѺâÅ¡«Ö觹ҹһÃÐà·È¨íÒ໚¹ µŒÍ§Ã‹ÇÁÁ×͡ѹÍ‹ҧ¨ÃÔ§¨Ñ§ã¹¡ÒÃᡌ䢻˜ÞËÒ ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2533 (¤.È. 1990) ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÃÑ°ºÒÅÇ‹Ò´ŒÇ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: IPCC) «Öè§à»š¹Í§¤ ¡ÃʹѺʹع¢ŒÍÁÙÅàªÔ§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵà 㹡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ä´Œ ¾ Ô Á ¾ à ¼Âá¾Ã‹ à Ò§ҹ¡ÒûÃÐàÁÔ ¹ ʶҹ¡Òó ´ Œ Ò ¹¡Òà à»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈà¾×èÍÂ×¹Âѹ¶Ö§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ·Õèà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§Íѹ໚¹¼ÅÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒûŋÍ¡ Ò«àÃ×͹¡ÃШ¡ ÊÙ‹ªÑ鹺ÃÃÂÒ¡ÒÈâÅ¡ áÅФҴ¡Òó ¶Ö§ÀѤء¤ÒÁ·ÕèÍÒ¨¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¡ÒÈ â´Â੾ÒСÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ ¢Í§ÍسËÀÙÁÔ »ÃÔÁÒ³¹éíÒ½¹ ¡ÒÃÅÐÅÒ¢ͧÀÙà¢Ò¹éíÒá¢ç§áÅÐ ¸ÒùéÒí á¢ç§ ¡ÒÃà¾ÔÁè ¢Ö¹é ¢Í§ÃдѺ¹éÒí ·ÐàÅã¹ÁËÒÊÁØ·Ã ¡Òá‹ÍµÑÇ Ãعáç¢Í§ÀѸÃÃÁªÒµÔ·Õèà¡Ô´º‹Í¤ÃÑ駢Öé¹ Êí Ò ¹Ñ ¡ §Ò¹¹âºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ ¾ ÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔ á ÅÐ ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ â´ÂÊíҹѡ§Ò¹»ÃÐÊÒ¹¡ÒèѴ¡ÒáÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ (Ê»Í.) ä´Œ·íÒ¡ÒÃÃǺÃÇÁ§Ò¹ÇÔ¨ÑÂà¡ÕèÂǡѺ ʶҹ¡Òó ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ·ÕèÁռšÃзºµ‹Í »ÃÐà·Èä·Â ¾ºÇ‹Òä·ÂÁÕá¹Ç⹌Á¢Í§ÍسËÀÙÁÔà©ÅÕèÂÃÒ»‚à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ ã¹·Ø¡ÀÒ¤æ ¨Ðà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹»ÃÐÁÒ³ 1 ͧÈÒà«Åà«ÕÂÊ ã¹ª‹Ç§»‚ ¤.È. 2050-2059 áÅÐÍسËÀÙÁÔà©ÅÕè¨Ðà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹»ÃÐÁÒ³ 2.0 ͧÈÒà«Åà«ÕÂÊ ã¹ª‹Ç§»‚ ¤.È. 2080-2089 ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ¨íҹǹÇѹ ·ÕèÁÕÍÒ¡ÒÈÌ͹ (Çѹ·ÕèÁÕÍسËÀÙÁÔÊÙ§¡Ç‹Ò 33 ͧÈÒà«Åà«ÕÂÊ) ÁÕá¹Ç⹌Áà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹Ê٧͋ҧµ‹Íà¹×èͧ㹷ءÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ ÊíÒËÃѺ¨íҹǹ Çѹ·ÕèÁÕÍÒ¡ÒÈàÂç¹ (Çѹ·ÕèÁÕÍسËÀÙÁÔµèíÒ¡Ç‹Ò 15 ͧÈÒà«Åà«ÕÂÊ) ÁÕá¹Ç⹌Á·Õè¨ÐŴŧ

Causes and visible impacts of climate change in Thailand

Climate change represents one of the environmental problems of global significance requiring serious international cooperative actions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a scientific body formed in 1990 to support international policy making on climate change, published its First Assessment Report (FAR) to evidence scientific findings that confirm anthropogenic climate change and related threats as a result of changes in global average temperature, precipitation, ice cap and glacier melting, sea level rise as well as more frequent and extreme weather events.

ONEP, through the Office of Climate Change Coordination (OCCC), has reviewed existing literature on climate change scenarios and impacts for Thailand.

It is projected that the annual average temperature will increase throughout all regions of Thailand, up to 1ðC during 2050-2059 and up to 2ðC during 2080-2089.

In addition, the total number of warm days per year (days with average temperature exceeding 33ðC) wil continually increase in all regions, whereas the total number of cold days per year (days with average temperature below 15ðC) will continually decrease.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 9

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10 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

Climate change brings about risks and impacts in various sectors, including:

Agriculture

Important agricultural products for Thailand include rice, sugar cane, cassava, palm and corn.

It is estimated that rice productivity will decrease by 5-10 percent per rai, given a 2ðC increase in temperature. This temperature increase will in turn lead to an increase in water demand for plants. At the same time, the average number of rain days wil decrease in all regions of Thailand, which will further exacerbate the water situation in agriculture, and may impact food and energy production (since Thailand is now promoting renewable energy from agricultural products, such as palm, sugar cane and corn). This urgently calls for a clear policy direction to prevent serious impacts in the near future, due to an imbalance between agricultural production and consumption. The policy and planning framework to address climate change and agriculture needs to incorporate not only efficient water resource management but also efficient water demand management in the agricultural sector in order to promote a sustaining balance between food and energy consumption.

ÊÑÁÀÒɳì¼ÙéÃÙé Interview Forest resources

It is estimated that the total area of mountainous rainforests and dry forests in the North of Thailand wil decrease considerably while the total area for mixed deciduous forests and dry Dipterocarp forests wil increase. In particular, the mixed deciduous forests will cover most of the forested areas, accounting for 72 percent of the forested land in the North of Thailand. Such change has an important implication to the forest ecosystems and biodiversity, which wil in turn impact the country’s national parks and wildlife habitats.

Coastal erosion ·ÃѾÂҡû†ÒäÁŒ

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2553-2582 áÅÐ ¾.È. 2594-2631) ¾ºÇ‹Ò¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇÅÁáÅÐ ¤ÇÒÁÊÙ§¢Í§¤Å×è¹ÁÕá¹Ç⹌Áà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ «Öè§ËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇ‹Ò ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈÍҨ໚¹ÍÕ¡»˜¨¨ÑÂ˹Ö觷Õè·íÒãËŒ ÅÁÁÃÊØÁÁÕ¡Òí ÅѧÃعáçà¾ÔÁè ¢Ö¹é Ê‹§¼ÅãËŒ¡ÒáѴà«ÒЪÒ½˜§› Ãعáç ¢Öé¹ÍÕ¡ ·Ñ駹Õé ¡ÒáѴà«ÒЪÒ½˜›§ÁÕ¹ÑÂÊíÒ¤ÑÞµ‹ÍÃкº¹ÔàÇÈ ªÒ½˜›§ â´Â੾Òл†ÒªÒÂàŹ«Öè§à»š¹¾×é¹·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞµ‹ÍÃкº¹ÔàÇÈ ·Ò§·ÐàÅáÅо×é¹·Õ軇ͧ¡Ñ¹¡ÒÃÃØ¡ÅéíҢͧ¹éíÒà¤çÁࢌÒÊÙ‹áËÅ‹§¹éíҨ״ ´ŒÇ »˜ÞËÒ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹·ÕèÁÕÊÒà˵بҡ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ¢Í§Á¹ØÉ ¨Ö§¨íÒ໚¹ µŒÍ§ä´ŒÃѺ¡ÒÃá¡Œä¢Í‹ҧà˧´‹Ç¹áÅкÃÔËÒèѴ¡ÒÃÍ‹ҧ¨ÃÔ§¨Ñ§

Many coastal areas in Thailand are now considered vulnerable for erosion. However, there are several causes to coastal erosion in Thailand.

Studies have shown that most of the causes are human-induced, through inappropriate land uses, port and dam constructions and overuse of groundwater resources, for instance. Some natural factors do account for coastal erosion, including wave and wind velocity and seasonal storm surges, especial y during September-November. But climate change is found to become a more important factor to coastal erosion in the future. It is estimated in a model predicting a future climate scenario (2010-2039 and 2051-2089) that wind velocity and wave height wil increase considerably due to climate change, resulting in more severe storm surges, which lead to further coastal erosion. This has a very important implication towards the coastal ecosystems, particularly the mangrove forest ecosystems, which also serve as a buffer zone to prevent saltwater intrusion. In preparation to address future climate change and coastal erosion, serious attention and immediate actions are therefore required to also address the current problems associated with human-induced activities.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 11

·ÔÈ·Ò§áÅйâºÒ¡ÒÃàµÃÕÂÁÃѺÁ×͡Ѻ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ ·Ñé§ÃÐÂÐà˧´‹Ç¹ ÃÐÂСÅÒ§ áÅÐÃÐÂÐÂÒÇ

Êíҹѡ§Ò¹Ï ä´Œ¨Ñ´·íÒÂØ·¸ÈÒʵà áË‹§ªÒµÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇ¡Òà ¨Ñ´¡ÒáÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¾.È. 2551-2555 «Öè§ ¤³ÐÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕä´ŒÁÕÁµÔÃѺ·ÃÒºÂØ·¸ÈÒʵà ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 22 Á¡ÃÒ¤Á 2551 áÅÐãËŒ¡ÃзÃǧ ·ºÇ§ ¡ÃÁ ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¹íÒ ä»ãªŒà»š¹¡Ãͺ¹âºÒÂ㹡ÒÃá»Å§á¼¹ä»ÊÙ‹¡Òû¯ÔºÑµÔ㹡Òà ᡌ䢻˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ÂØ·¸ÈÒʵà ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¡íÒ˹´·ÔÈ·Ò§¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹äÇŒ 6 ´ŒÒ¹ 䴌ᡋ 1) ¡ÒÃÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒûÃѺµÑÇà¾×èÍÃѺÁ×ÍáÅÐ Å´¤ÇÒÁÅ‹ÍáËÅÁµ‹Í¼Å¡Ãзº¨Ò¡ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ 2) ¡ÒÃʹѺʹع¡ÒÃÅ´¡ÒûŋÍ¡ Ò«àÃ×͹¡ÃШ¡áÅÐ à¾ÔèÁáËÅ‹§´Ù´«Ñº¡ Ò« º¹¾×é¹°Ò¹¢Í§¡ÒþѲ¹Ò·ÕèÂÑè§Â×¹ 3) ¡ÒÃʹѺʹع§Ò¹ÇÔ¨ÑÂáÅоѲ¹Òà¾×èÍÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁࢌÒ㨠·ÕèªÑ´à¨¹µ‹Í¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ 4) ¡ÒÃÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁµÃÐ˹ѡÃÙጠÅСÒÃÁÕÊÇ‹ ¹Ã‹ÇÁ㹡ÒÃá¡Œä¢ »˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ 5) ¡ÒÃà¾ÔÁè ÈÑ¡ÂÀÒ¾¢Í§ºØ¤ÅÒ¡ÃáÅÐ˹‹Ç§ҹ·Õàè ¡ÕÂè Ç¢ŒÍ§ 㹡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒôŒÒ¹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ 6) ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ã¹¡Ãͺ¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×͡Ѻ µ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È

12 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

Policy direction to address climate change in the immediate, medium and long terms

ONEP formulated the National Strategic Plan on Climate Change B.E. 2551-2555 (2008-2012). The Cabinet acknowledged the Plan on January 22th, 2008 and mandated relevant Ministries and Departments to use it as a policy framework to formulate their own action plans to address climate change. The National Strategic Plan has identified six key policy areas, including 1) Building national capabilities to adapt and to reduce vulnerabilities to the impacts of climate change (Adaptation strategies) 2) Supporting greenhouse gas mitigation on the principle of sustainable development, including reduction of sources of greenhouse gas and increase sinks (Mitigation strategies) 3) Supporting research and development to create a better understanding of climate change (R&D strategies) 4) Promoting public awareness and participation in addressing climate change (Public awareness strategies) 5) Building capacity of the relevant personnel and agencies (Capacity building strategies) 6) Promoting international cooperation to address climate change (International cooperation strategies)

ÊÑÁÀÒɳì¼ÙéÃÙé Interview

¹Í¡¨Ò¡ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ Ï «Ö§è ä´Œ¡Òí ˹´·Ôȷҧ㹡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈáÅŒÇ à¾×èÍãËŒ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹ ¹âºÒÂáÅÐÁҵáÒÃá¡Œ ä ¢»˜ Þ ËÒ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕ è  ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ໚¹ä»Í‹ҧÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ ºÙóҡÒà áÅÐÊÑÁÄ·¸Ôì¼Å ¢³Ð¹Õé Êíҹѡ§Ò¹¹âºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐ ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÍÂÙ‹ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§¨Ñ´·íÒá¼¹áÁ‹º·ÃͧÃѺ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈà¾×èÍ໚¹á¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒþѲ¹ÒÃͧÃѺʶҹ¡Òó Í‹ҧ໚¹Ãкºã¹ÃÐÂÐÂÒÇ 10 »‚ áÅÐá¼¹»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃã¹ÃÐÂÐ à˧´‹Ç¹ 3 »‚ ÁØ‹§à¹Œ¹¡ÒÃÃͧÃѺʶҹ¡Òó áÅмšÃзºã¹ 4 ¡ÅØ‹ÁËÅÑ¡ 䴌ᡋ 1) ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÂÀÒ¾ ÊÒ¸ÒóٻâÀ¤ ¡ÒõÑ駶Ôè¹°Ò¹ áÅСÒ÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ 2) ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃáÅФÇÒÁÁÑ蹤§·Ò§ÍÒËÒà 3) ´ŒÒ¹ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁáÅСÒÃ㪌¾Åѧ§Ò¹ 4) ´ŒÒ¹ÊØ¢ÀÒ¾ ·Ñ駹Õé ¡ÒèѴ·íÒá¼¹áÁ‹º·áÅÐá¼¹»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡Òôѧ¡Å‹ÒÇÊÍ´¤ÅŒÍ§¡Ñº ¤íÒá¶Å§¹âºÒ¢ͧ¤³ÐÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 7 µØÅÒ¤Á 2551 áÅÐá¼¹¡ÒúÃÔËÒÃÃÒª¡ÒÃἋ¹´Ô¹ ¾.È. 2552-2554 µÒÁÁµÔ ¤³ÐÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕàÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 28 µØÅÒ¤Á 2551 ¡ÒèѴ·íÒá¼¹áÁ‹º·Ï áÅÐá¼¹»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒèÐࢌÒÊÙ‹¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃÃѺ¿˜§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àË繨ҡ ÀÒ¤ÊÒ¸ÒóÐáÅÐÀҤʋǹ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ 㹪‹Ç§à´×͹¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á - ¡Ñ¹ÂÒ¹ 2552 áÅÐÁÕ¡íÒ˹´áÅŒÇàÊÃç¨ÀÒÂã¹à´×͹µØÅÒ¤Á 2552

In addition to the National Strategic Plan which sets out the policy directions to address climate change, to ensure a successful, efficient, effective and integrated implementation of the climate change policy framework for Thailand, ONEP is in the process of formulating a 10-year Master Plan to serve as guidelines for implementation and a 3-year action plan for immediate implementation of relevant agencies.

The Master/Action Plan has identified four key areas for implementation, which include 1) Physical systems, infrastructure, human settlements and tourism; 2) Agriculture and food security; 3) Industry and energy; and 4) Public health. The formulation of the Master/ Action Plan is in accordance with the Policy Statement by the Thai Cabinet on October 7th, 2008 and the Government Administration Plan B.E. 2552-2554 (20092011), which was approved by the Cabinet on October 28th, 2008. The public hearing process for the Master/Action Plan will start in July - September 2009, and a revised draft of the Plan is expected in October 2009.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 13

»ÃÐà´ç¹¤íÒ¶ÒÁÊØ´·ŒÒ ¡ÒÃàµÃÕÂÁ¤ÇÒÁ¾ÃŒÍÁ¢Í§ Êíҹѡ§Ò¹Ï 㹡ÒÃ໚¹ focal point ¢Í§»ÃÐà·È à¾×èÍᡌ䢻˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ Í‹ҧ໚¹ÃÙ»¸ÃÃÁ

¡ÒÃàµÃÕÂÁ¤ÇÒÁ¾ÃŒÍÁ¢Í§ Êíҹѡ§Ò¹Ï 㹰ҹРFocal Point ¢Í§»ÃÐà·È ¹Ñé¹ Êíҹѡ§Ò¹Ï àËç¹Ç‹Ò¨íÒ໚¹µŒÍ§ÁÕ Í§¤ ¡Ãã¹ÃдѺªÒµÔ áÅÐÃдѺÊíҹѡ§Ò¹ ·Õè¨Ð¼ÅÑ¡´Ñ¹àÃ×èͧ¡Òà à»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ãˌ໚¹ÃÙ»¸ÃÃÁ ¨Ö§ä´ŒàʹÍãËŒÁÕ¡Òà »ÃСÒȺѧ¤ÑºãªŒ¡®ËÁÒ·Õàè ¡ÕÂè Ç¢ŒÍ§ 2 ©ºÑº ã¹ÃÒª¡Ô¨¨Ò¹ØມÉÒ ¤×Í 1. ÃÐàºÕºÊíҹѡ¹Ò¡ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕÇ‹Ò´ŒÇ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¾.È. 2550 »ÃСÒÈã¹ ÃÒª¡Ô¨¨Ò¹ØມÉÒ àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 20 ÁԶعÒ¹ 2550 «Ö觡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´ ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒùâºÒ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¡ÒÈáË‹§ªÒµÔ â´ÂÁÕ Ê í Ò ¹Ñ ¡ §Ò¹»ÃÐÊÒ¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ ´ ¡ÒáÒÃà»ÅÕ è  ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¡ÒÈ à»š¹Ë¹‹Ç§ҹÀÒÂã¹Êíҹѡ§Ò¹¹âºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃѾÂÒ¡Ã ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ·íÒ˹ŒÒ·Õàè »š¹Êíҹѡ§Ò¹àŢҹءÒâͧ ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡Òôѧ¡Å‹ÒÇ áÅдíÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒôŒÒ¹¹âºÒ ¡ÒûÃÐÊÒ¹ ¨Ñ´¡Òà µÔ´µÒÁ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ àÊÃÔÁÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁµÃÐ˹ѡáÅСÒà ÁÕʋǹËÇÁ¢Í§»ÃЪҪ¹ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§àµÃÕÂÁ¡ÒôŒÒ¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÇԨѠà¾×Íè ʹѺʹع¡ÒáíÒ˹´¹âºÒÂáÅÐÇҧἹ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒȢͧä·Â 2. ¾ÃÐÃÒª¡ÄÉ®Õ ¡ Ò¡ÒÃ¨Ñ ´ µÑ é § ͧ¤ ¡ ÒúÃÔ Ë ÒÃ¨Ñ ´ ¡Òà ¡ Ò«àÃ×͹¡ÃШ¡ (ͧ¤ ¡ÒÃÁËÒª¹) ¾.È. 2550 »ÃСÒÈã¹ ÃÒª¡Ô¨¨Ò¹ØມÉÒ àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 6 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á 2550 ໚¹Ë¹‹Ç§ҹ ·ÕèÁÕ˹ŒÒ·ÕèËÅѡ㹡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË ¡ÅÑ蹡Ãͧ áÅзíÒ¤ÇÒÁàËç¹ à¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡ÒÃãËŒ¤íÒÃѺÃͧâ¤Ã§¡ÒõÒÁ¡Åä¡¡ÒþѲ¹Ò·ÕèÊÐÍÒ´ µÅÍ´¨¹µÔ´µÒÁ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼Åâ¤Ã§¡Ò÷Õèä´ŒÃѺ¤íÒÃѺÃͧ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§ Ê‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡ÒþѲ¹Òâ¤Ã§¡ÒÃáÅеÅÒ´¤Òà ºÍ¹à¤Ã´Ôµà¾×èÍÃͧÃѺ ¡ÒþѲ¹Òâ¤Ã§¡ÒÃ

14 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

Preparation by ONEP as the National Focal Point to address climate change

ONEP has undertaken several steps in order to prepare itself and Thailand to address the important issue of climate change. It has already established a national body to support climate change policy making and is now seeking to establish a departmental body, devoted specifically to addressing climate change. In order to facilitate these processes, two regulations have been proposed and approved for inclusion in the Royal Gazette, which include: 1) The Order of the Office of the Prime Minister on Climate Change Implementation B.E. 2550 (2007) was issued on June 20th, 2007 in order to establish the National Committee on Climate Change Policy chaired by the Prime Minister. The Committee comprises relevant Ministries and experts that shall perform the duties concerning climate change policy formulation, adoption, coordination and evaluation as well as promoting public awareness and participation.

The Office of Climate Change Coordination (OCCC) is also established under the ONEP to serve as secretariat to the National Committee on Climate Change Policy.

2) The Royal Decree on the Establishment of Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization) B.E. 2550 (2007) was issued on July 6th, 2007 in order to establish Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO) under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to serve as secretariat to the Designated National Authority of Clean Development Mechanism (DNA CDM) and to review, approve and monitor greenhouse gas mitigation and CDM projects, as well as to promote CDM project development and the carbon market.

ÊÑÁÀÒɳì¼ÙéÃÙé Interview Concluding Remarks:

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·‹Ò¹àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÏ ä´Œà¹Œ¹ÂéíÒÇ‹Òà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈÊ‹§¼Å¡Ãзºã¹Ç§¡ÇŒÒ§µ‹Í·Ñé§ÀÒ¤àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ Êѧ¤Á áÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¡ÒÃᡌ䢻˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒȨ֧ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà¡ÕèÂÇà¹×èͧ¡Ñº¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹¢Í§ËÅÒÂæ ÀҤʋǹ ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¹âºÒÂáÅÐÁҵáÒÃᡌ䢻˜ÞËÒ¨Ò¡¡Òà à»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈãËŒÊÑÁÄ·¸Ôì¼Å¹Ñé¹ ¨íÒ໚¹µŒÍ§ÍÒÈÑ ¡ÒúÙóҡÒÃ㹡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ã¹·Ø¡ÃдѺ ·Ñé§ÃдѺ»ÃÐà·È ÃдѺÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ áÅÐÃдѺ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ «Ö觹͡¨Ò¡Êíҹѡ§Ò¹Ï ¨ÐãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ㹡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹ÀÒáԨàªÔ§¹âºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹áÅŒÇ Âѧ䴌´íÒà¹Ô¹¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁà¾×èÍÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡ÒÃÁÕʋǹËÇÁ¨Ò¡·Ø¡ÀҤʋǹ ã¹·Ø¡ÃдѺÍ‹ҧµ‹Íà¹×èͧ ઋ¹ ¢³Ð¹Õé Êíҹѡ§Ò¹Ï ÍÂÙ‹ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹â¤Ã§¡ÒÃà¾×è;Ѳ¹Ò¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹µÒÁ¹âºÒ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¡ÒȢͧ»ÃÐà·Èä·Â (Development and Implementation of Climate Protection Policy in Thailand) ËÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÃзÃǧÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¤ØŒÁ¤Ãͧ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ áÅФÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑ·ҧ»ÃÁÒ³ÙáË‹§Ê˾ѹ¸ ÊÒ¸ÒóÃÑ°àÂÍÃÁ¹Õ (The German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Protection and Nuclear Safety: BMU) â¤Ã§¡Òôѧ¡Å‹ÒÇ ÁÕÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¡Òà 3 »‚ (¾.È. 2552-2554) áÅÐÁÕ Çѵ¶Ø»ÃÐʧ¤ ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ㹡ÒÃàÊÃÔÁÈÑ¡ÂÀҾ˹‹Ç§ҹ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ 㹡ÒþѲ¹ÒáÅдíÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒõÒÁ¹âºÒ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒȢͧä·Â â´ÂÊíҹѡ§Ò¹Ï ¨Ð´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃËÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÅØ‹Á ໇ÒËÁÒ·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞ ¤×Í Ë¹‹Ç§ҹÃÒª¡Ò÷ÕèÁÕ˹ŒÒ·Õè¹íÒ¹âºÒ ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈä»»¯ÔºÑµÔ ·Ñé§ÃдѺ»ÃÐà·È ÃдѺ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§Í§¤ ¡Ã¾Ñ²¹ÒàÍ¡ª¹ áÅÐÀÒ¤àÍ¡ª¹·Õè à¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡Ñº¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ «Öè§Êíҹѡ§Ò¹Ï ËÇѧ໚¹Í‹ҧÂÔè§Ç‹Ò¨Ðä´ŒÃѺ¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×ÍÍѹ´Õ¨Ò¡·Ø¡Ë¹‹Ç§ҹ áÅÐÀҤʋǹ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ Íѹ¨Ð໚¹»ÃÐ⪹ µ‹Í¡ÒþѲ¹Ò ¹âºÒÂáÅСÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¡ÒÈ ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Âµ‹Íä»

The Secretary-General has reiterated that the impacts of climate change cover a wide range of aspects including the economy, the society and the environment and the efforts to address this issue cut across the mandates of different sectors and agencies.

To successfully implementing policies and plans to address climate change therefore requires an integrated framework at the national, regional and local levels. Since continuous collaborated efforts are key contributing factors, ONEP has initiated a project “Development and Implementation of Climate Protection Policy in Thailand” to establish a working framework for collaboration. The three-year project (2009-2011) is co-funded by the German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Protection and Nuclear Safety (BMU), and aims at building capacity of the relevant agencies to develop and implement climate change related policies for Thailand, including government agencies at the national, and provincial levels, relevant development agencies and the private sector. In this regard, ONEP looks forward to successful collaborations among all parties involved, which wil then contribute greatly to the development and implementation of climate change related policies in Thailand.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 15

ÍØ·ÂÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔ ‘ÊÔÃÔ¹¸Ã’ Íà¾Õ§ ¾ ¨ Ô °¡ ÃÉ àÈ ¡ ÅÑ Ë ¹ º Å Ò¡ Ê Œ ÃÙ ¹ Â Õ àà Òà ¡

 ÈÙ¹ ark International Environmental P

Economy Sirindhorn cy en ci uffi S e th n o r te en C International Learning Philosophy “...à¾ÃÒÐÇ‹ÒÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ à¢ÒºÍ¡Ç‹Ò à¾ÃÒÐÇ‹Ò ÁÕÊÒäÒà ºÍ¹¢Ö¹é ä»ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈÁÒ¡·íÒãËŒàËÁ×͹໚¹µÙ¡Œ ÃШ¡¤Ãͺ áÅŒÇâÅ¡¹Õé¡ç¨ÐÌ͹¢Öé¹ ÁÕËÇѧNjҹéíÒá¢ç§¨ÐÅÐÅÒÂŧ·ÐàÅáÅÐ ÃÇÁ·Ñ駹éíÒã¹·ÐàŨоͧ¢Öé¹ à¾ÃÒÐÊÔ觢ͧ·ÕèÌ͹¢Öé¹Â‹ÍÁÁÕ¡Òà ¾Í§¢Öé¹ »ÃÔÁÒµÃÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ àÁ×è͹éíҾͧ¢Öé¹·íÒãËŒ·Õè·ÕèµèíÒ àª‹¹ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï ¶Ù¡¹éíÒ·ÐàÅ·‹ÇÁ Íѹ¹Õé໚¹àÃ×èͧà¢ÒÇ‹Ò àÅÂʹã¨Ç‹Ò àÃ×èͧ໚¹Í‹ҧäà ¨Ö§ä´Œ¢ŒÍÁÙÅÁÒÇ‹Ò ÊÔ觷Õè·íÒãËŒ¤Òà ºÍ¹ (ã¹ÃÙ» ¤Òà ºÍ¹ä´ÍÍ¡ä«´ ) ã¹ÍÒ¡ÒÈà¾ÔèÁÁÒ¡¢Öé¹¹Ñé¹ ÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà¼Ò àª×éÍà¾ÅÔ§«Öè§ÍÂÙ‹ã¹´Ô¹áÅШҡ¡ÒÃà¼ÒäËÁŒ...”

16 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

“...Owing to environmental change, it is said there is too much carbon in the air so that it becomes like a glass which covers and warms the earth. Consequently, the polar ice will melt into the ocean and the sea level rises since, when a thing is heated, it expands in size. When the water level rises, low-lying areas such as Bangkok could be flooded.

This is what is being said so it is important to know how it comes about. The answer is that the factor for the increase in carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) in the air is the combustion of hydrocarbons such as oil.”

º·¤ÇÒÁ¾ÔàÈÉ Special ¾ÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÑʾÃкҷÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐ਌ÒÍÂÙ‹ËÑÇ (4 ¸Ñ¹ÇÒ¤Á 2532) à¹×èͧã¹ÇâáÒÊÇѹà©ÅÔÁ¾ÃЪ¹Á¾ÃÃÉÒ «Öè§ÊзŒÍ¹¶Ö§ »˜ÞËÒÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·ÕèÁ¹ØɪҵԷÑèÇâÅ¡¡íÒÅѧ༪ÔÞ ä´Œ¶Ù¡ÍÑÞàªÔÞ ÁÒ¢Öé¹µŒ¹ã¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Íá¹Ð¹íÒÍØ·ÂÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔÊÔÃÔ¹¸Ã Èٹ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒÊÒ¡Å«Öè§à»š¹µŒ¹áººã¹¡ÒùíÒËÅÑ¡¡ÒûÃѪÞÒ àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¾Íà¾Õ§ÁÒ»ÃѺ㪌à¾×è;Ѳ¹Ò¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáÅÐ à¼Âá¾Ã‹ËÅÑ¡»¯ÔºÑµÔ¢Í§¾ÃÐͧ¤ ઋ¹ ¡ÒÃÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁãËŒ»ÃЪҪ¹ ª‹Ç¡ѹ͹ØÃÑ¡É »†ÒäÁŒ µÒÁ·ÄɮաÒûÅÙ¡»†Òâ´ÂäÁ‹µŒÍ§»ÅÙ¡ µÒÁá¹Ç¤Ô´¢Í§¾ÃÐͧ¤ ·‹Ò¹·ÕèÇ‹Ò “ºÒ§¤ÃÑ駻†ÒäÁŒà¨ÃÔÞàµÔºâµ¢Öé¹ä´ŒàͧµÒÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ¢Íà¾Õ§ Í‹Òú¡Ç¹áÅзíÒÅÒÂâ´ÂÃٌ෋ÒäÁ‹¶Ö§¡Òó ËÒ¡»Å‹ÍÂàÍÒäÇŒµÒÁ ÊÀÒ¾¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔªÑèÇÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ˹Öè§ »†ÒäÁŒ¨Ðà¨ÃÔÞàµÔºâµ¢Öé¹ ¨¹ÊÁºÙó àͧ áÅл†ÒàËÅ‹Ò¹Õé¨Ð´Ù´«Ñº¡ Ò«¤Òà ºÍ¹ä´ÍÍ¡ä«´ «Öè§à»š¹ÊÒà˵Ø˹Ö觷Õè·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´ÀÒÇÐâšÌ͹䴌” µÅÍ´¨¹¡Òà ¹íÒËÅÑ¡¡ÒûÅÙ¡»†Ò¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅл†ÒàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ ઋ¹ â¤Ã§¡Òà »ÅÙ¡»†Ò 3 Í‹ҧ䴌»ÃÐ⪹ 4 Í‹ҧ ¤×Í äÁŒãªŒÊÍ äÁŒ¼Å áÅÐäÁŒ¿„¹ ÁÒ㪌 áÅÐ͹ØÃÑ¡É ´Ô¹áÅйéÓ ÍØ·ÂÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔÊÔÃÔ¹¸Ã 㪌ËÅÑ¡»ÃѪÞÒ àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¾Íà¾Õ§Í‹ҧäÃ? ËÃ×ÍÈٹ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔ ¤×Í ÍÐäÃ? ¡Í§ºÃóҸԡÒÃä´ŒÃѺà¡ÕÂõԨҡ ¾ÅµíÒÃǨµÃÕ´Ôàá ¾§É ÀÁà ¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃáÅÐàÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÁÙŹԸÔÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔ ÊÔ Ã Ô ¹ ¸Ãã¹¾ÃÐÃÒªÙ » ¶Ñ Á À Ê Áà´ç ¨ ¾ÃÐà·¾ÃÑ µ ¹ÃÒªÊØ ´ ÒÏ ÊÂÒÁºÃÁÃÒª¡ØÁÒÃÕ à»š¹¼ÙŒÍ¸ÔºÒ¶֧à˵ØáË‹§·ÕèÁҢͧ¡Òû¯ÔºÑµÔ µÒÁá¹Ç¤Ô´»ÃѪÞҢͧ¾ÃкҷÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐ਌ÒÍÂÙ‹ËÑÇ Íѹ໚¹ Èٹ ÃÇÁ¨Ôµã¨¢Í§»Ç§ª¹ªÒÇä·Â·Ñ駪ҵÔ

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ÍØ · ÂÒ¹ÊÔ è § áÇ´ÅŒÍ Á¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔ Ê Ô Ã Ô ¹ ¸Ã µÑ é § ÍÂÙ‹À ÒÂã¹ ¤‹Ò¾ÃÐÃÒÁ 6 Í.ªÐÍíÒ ¨.ྪúØÃÕ ÃÔÁ¶¹¹à¾ªÃà¡ÉÁº¹àÊŒ¹·Ò§ ªÐÍíÒ-ËÑÇËÔ¹ ÍØ·ÂÒ¹´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×ͧ͢ÁÙÅ¹Ô¸Ô ¾ÃÐÃÒª¹ÔàÇȹ ÁĤ·ÒÂÇѹ ¡Í§ºÑÞªÒ¡ÒõíÒÃǨµÃÐàǹªÒÂá´¹ áÅÐÈٹ ÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÒþѲ¹ÒˌǷÃÒÂã¹¾ÃÐÍØ»¶ÑÁÀ ¢Í§ÊÁà´ç¨ ¾ÃÐ਌ÒÀ¤Ô³Õà¸Í ਌ҿ‡ÒྪÃÃѵ¹ÃÒªÊØ´Ò ÊÔÃÔâÊÀҾѳ³Ç´Õ ¨Ñ´µÑ駶ÇÒÂÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐà·¾Ãѵ¹ÃÒªÊØ´ÒÏ ÊÂÒÁºÃÁÃÒª¡ØÁÒÃÕ à¹×èͧã¹ÇâáÒÊà¨ÃÔÞ¾ÃЪ¹ÁÒÂؤú 4 Ãͺ ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2546 â´ÂÁÕá¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹µÒÁá¹Ç¾ÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÔ ¢Í§ÊÁà´ç¨ ¾ÃÐà·¾Ãѵ¹ÃÒªÊØ´ÒÏ ¨Ñ´µÑé§ÍØ·ÂÒ¹ãˌ໚¹àÊÁ×͹¾Ô¾Ô¸Àѳ± ÁÕªÕÇÔµáÅШѺµŒÍ§ä´Œ à¼Âá¾Ã‹à¡ÕÂõԤسáÅоÃлÃÕªÒÊÒÁÒö ã¹´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃ͹ØÃ¡Ñ É ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅоѲ¹Ò¾Åѧ§Ò¹·´á·¹ ·Õè໚¹ÁԵáѺÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§à¼Âá¾Ã‹»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵà ÈÔÅ»ÇѲ¹¸ÃÃÁ áÅÐáËÅ‹§ÈÖ¡ÉÒàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒàÃ×èͧ¡Òÿ„œ¹¿Ù»†ÒªÒÂàŹ »†ÒªÒÂËÒ´áÅл†ÒàºÞ¨¾Ãó

The royal words of His Majesty the King (December 4th, 1989), on the occasion of the Royal Birthday, reflect the environmental problems challenging mankind all over the world and are respectfully brought to the first page of the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park guidebook. The Sirindhorn International Environmental Park is an international learning center which is a prototype for the application of the sufficiency economy principle to enhance environmental quality and disseminate the wisdom of His Majesty the King. One example is the encouragement of the people to help in conserving forests by using the forest-growing theory. His Majesty the King describes this royal idea thus: “Sometimes, the forest can be grown naturally.

What we should do is not to disturb and destroy it unconsciously. Instead, if we leave it in nature for a while, the forest will grow by itself. The forest can absorb carbon dioxide, one of the factors causing global warming.” This method includes natural forest and economic forest growing principles such as the “growing forest for four advantages” project, utilizing plants, fruit, fuel wood and soil and water conservation.

So how does the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park apply the sufficiency economy philosophy? And what is an international learning center? The editors received the honor of being received by Police Major General Direk Pongpamorn, Director and Secretary of the Sirindhorn International Environmental Foundation under the patronage of H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. He explained the derivation of following the philosophical concept of His Majesty the King, who is the moral center of Thai people all over the country.

Initiation of the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park

The Sirindhorn International Environmental Park is located within Marukathaywan royal palace at Cha-am, Phetchaburi Province, on the route from Cha-am to Hua Hin. This park was established by co-operation between the Marukathaywan Royal Palace Foundation, the Border Patrol Police Bureau and Huay Sai Royal Development Study Center as an offering to H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn on the occasion of her 48th birthday in 2003. The plan Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 17

ÀÒÂã¹ËŒÍ§ÊÁØ´ÍØ·ÂÒ¹ÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔÊÃÔ ¹Ô ¸Ã ·ÕÊè Ç‹Ò§ ¹ÇÅ´ŒÇÂáʧ俨ҡËÅÍ´¿ÅÙÍÍàÃÊà«¹Ê ·Õè㪌¾Åѧ§Ò¹ä¿¿‡Ò¨Ò¡ à«ÅÅ áʧÍҷԵ ¢¹Ò´¡íÒÅѧ¡ÒüÅÔµ 36.6 ¡ÔâÅÇѵµ µÑÇÍÒ¤Òà ·ÒÊÕ¢ÒǷѧé ËÅѧà¾×Íè Å´¡Òôٴ«Ñº¾Åѧ§Ò¹¤ÇÒÁÌ͹ ໚¹¡ÒüÊÒ¹ àª×èÍÁâ§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵà áÅÐà·¤â¹âÅÂաѺ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔࢌҴŒÇ¡ѹ Í‹ҧŧµÑÇ áËÅ‹§àÃÕ¹ÃÙŒáË‹§¹Õé์¹§Ò¹·Ò§´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ¾Åѧ§Ò¹ áÅСÒÿ„œ¹¿Ù¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§à»š¹Èٹ ¡Òà àÃÕ¹ÃÙÊŒ Ò¡Å·Õ¹è Òí ËÅÑ¡»ÃѪÞÒàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¾Íà¾Õ§ÁÒ㪌㹡ÒþѲ¹Ò ¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ»†ÒªÒÂàŹ·Õèà» ´ãËŒ»ÃЪҪ¹·ÑèÇä»ä´Œà¢ŒÒÁÒ ÈÖ¡ÉÒà¾×èÍãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁµÃÐ˹ѡ¶Ö§¤Ø³¤‹Ò¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·Õè໚¹ ¤Ø³à͹¡Í¹Ñ¹µ ¾ÅµíÒÃǨµÃÕ´Ôàá ¾§É ÀÁà ¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃáÅÐàÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡Òà ÁÙŹԸÔÏ ¼ÙŒÊ¹Í§¡ÃÐáʾÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÔ ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐà·¾Ãѵ¹ÃÒªÊØ´ÒÏ ã¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒáÅп„œ¹¿ÙÃкº¹ÔàÇÈ»†ÒªÒÂàŹãËŒ¡ÅѺÁÒÁÕÊÀÒ¾ ·ÕèÊÁºÙó áÅÐ໚¹áËÅ‹§àÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ¾Åѧ§Ò¹·´á·¹ áÅÐ໚¹ËŒÍ§àÃÕ¹¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèÁÕªÕÇÔµ ÊÅÐàÇÅÒàÅ‹Ò¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁ໚¹ÁÒ ¡‹Í¹¨Ð໚¹ÍØ·ÂÒ¹Ï Ç‹Ò

18 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

of operation according to the royal thought of H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn is to create a living and tangible museum to broadcast the royal prestige and the capability for natural resource conservation and provision of environmentally friendly alternative energy development, as well as to publish items of historical, artistic and cultural value, while also being a source of learning about mangrove, seashore and mixed forest rehabilitation.

The Sirindhorn International Environmental Park library is lit by fluorescent bulbs using solar power cells with a capacity of 36.6 kilowatts. The whole building is painted white to reduce the absorption of heat.

It is the perfect mixture of science, technology and nature.

This learning center emphasizes energy conservation work as well as the regeneration of nature and the environment. This place is also a center of international learning that brings the sufficiency economy philosophy to the development of mangrove areas that are opened for people to come and study and appreciate the infinite value of nature.

Police Major General Direk Pongpamorn, Director and Secretary of the Foundation, who follows the royal thought of H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn in terms of restoring mangrove ecosystems to good condition and promoting the learning center for alternative energy conservation and the living nature classroom told the story of how it became the International Park that it is today:

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The Sirindhorn International Environmental Park is located around the Bang Tra Noy and Bang Tra Yai canal entrances. Originally, it was a fertile mangrove forest. The area had a variety of plants and was home to many wetland animals. However, when the government declaired the concession of mangrove forest according to the National Economic and Social Development Plan, local people began to cut down the mangroves to produce fuel and grew cash crops such as pineapple and cassava. Deforestation was conducted by a group of concessionaries who wanted to clear the area for commercial agricultural reasons. The forest had almost disappeared and its condition was poor.

On August 14th, 1994, H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn bestowed the royal thought on Mr. Sumeth Tuntivetchakul at Marukathaywan Royal Palace. The point of the message was to “manage appropriately the area in order to experiment with crops and rehabilitate the mangroves as well as its ecosystems to return them to a natural state.” Subsequently, H.R.H the Princess proceeded to grow mangrove within the Bang Tra Noy - Bang Tra Yai canal entrance areas and devoted royal thought to finding methods for rehabilitating the mangrove forest located there.

Since then, the mangrove forest within the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park has returned to being very fertile, with a variety of plants growing there, including Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Xylocarpus granatum, Xyocarpus rumphii, Excoecaria agallocha, Portia trees, Barringtonia asiatica, Acrostichum aureum and Pluchea indica. These plants are primary aquatic resources for newborn and mature aquatic animals, as well as both resident and migratory birds. This place is like a living museum and a classroom for studying nature.

Police Major General Direk Pongpamorn added that to rehabilitate the fertility of nature in mangrove ecosystems, the endurance and philosophy of H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn are required so as to achieve confidence in the whole system of environmental protection.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 19

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Rehabilitation Processes... from Mountain Forest to Mangrove Forest...

It took 15 years (1994-2009) from receiving the royal thought of H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn for success to be achieved. Police Major General Direk, the border patrol police team and Marukathaywan Royal Palace staff studied how to rehabilitate the mangrove forest around Bang Tra Noi and Bang Tra Yai canal entrances. They took an overview of the causes of the problems based on the theory of His Majesty the King, which encompasses large natural ecosystems and which explains that “For solving environmental problems, we must see the overall picture.”

“This technology from His Majesty the King has shortened forest regeneration time. Otherwise, it might have taken from 50 to 100 years to restore mangrove forest areas such as the Bang Tra Noi and Bang Tra Yai canal entrances. However, with that technique we took only 15 years to restore conditions to perfection,” said Police Major General Direk.

“Trees need humidity and water because water is life. Without it, trees are dead. There must be procedures that allow people around canal entrances to participate in rehabilitation and appreciate its importance. Thus, forest encroachment wil fade away because the people will understand the importance of ecosystems and the environment through the work of the team.” For this procedure, the Director and Secretary of Sirindhorn International Environmental Park Foundation used a Contour Dam.

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After studying the theory of His Majesty the King, the staff realized that associated ecosystems, such as fertile mountain forests, store water and the tree roots can slow down surface soil erosion and maintain seashore conditions. Consequently, it is necessary to restore mountain forests along with restoring mangrove forests. This involves understanding the links between ecosystems which His Majesty the King has seen through a truly broad vision.

Another important issue that the Director and Secretary of the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park Foundation discussed is the problem of coastal erosion. The severity of this within Marukathaywan Royal Palace has intensified. After a period of study, an erosion protection structure known as a groin was constructed.

It is a ledge perpendicular to the coast and extending into the sea for about 80 meters. There are in total eight ledges and each ledge measures 200 meters along the coast in front of the palace.

The groin is designed to trap sand blown about by sea currents across its extent. The sand therefore piles up and this adds to the seashore land. Another measure is the Breakwater, which is a ledge 125 meters long, parallel to the coast and 200 meters into the sea. This structure reduces the energy of the waves which might otherwise erode the coastline and also further prevents the sand particles from being washed away.

A Jetty is also used to prevent heaps of sand from accumulating around the two canal entrances (Bang Tra Noi and Bang Tra Yai). This extends 250 meters into the sea and is 16 meters wide regulate the flows of both water and sand particles. These concepts arise from the application and adjustment of the study as well as the vision of the overall environment provided by His Majesty the King, who is interested in studying the environmental system holistically.

“A mangrove has large and strong roots and needs a flooded area to achieve growth. When we are able to let seawater into the area, then nature will rehabilitate itself. We didn’t even think about such a simple and effective solution but His Majesty the King did,” continued the Director and Secretary of the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park Foundation with feeling.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 21

àÁ×èͪÒǺŒÒ¹à¢ŒÒã¨ËÅÑ¡¡ÒùÕé àÃҨ֧䴌ÃѺ¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×Í ã¹¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ äÁ‹á¼ŒÇ¶Ò§»†Òà¾×èͨѺ¨Í§à»š¹·Õè·íÒ¡Ô¹ ¤ÇÒÁࢌÒ㨹Õàé ¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡Òû¯ÔºµÑ ãÔ ËŒàËç¹µÒÁËÅÑ¡¡Òâͧ¾Ãкҷ ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐ਌ÒÍÂÙ‹ËÑÇ·ÕèãËŒ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¿„œ¹¿ÙµÑÇàͧÍ‹ҧ໚¹Ãкº ¾ÅµíÒÃǨµÃÕ´àÔ Ã¡ ÂéÒí ªÑ´¶Ö§¾ÃлÃÕªÒÊÒÁÒö¢Í§¾ÃÐͧ¤ ·Ò‹ ¹ “¼Á¤Ô´Ç‹Ò¾×é¹·ÕèáË‹§¹Õé ¤×Í µÑÇÍ‹ҧ·Õè´Õ¢Í§¡Òÿ„œ¹¿ÙÃкº ¹ÔàÇÈã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂáÅÐÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ ໚¹¨Ø´»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡Òÿ„œ¹¿ÙÃкº ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¢Í§ÅØ‹Á¹éíÒ·Ñé§ÅØ‹Á¹éíÒ ¾×é¹·ÕèáË‹§¹ÕéÁÕ·Ñé§ÅØ‹Á¹éíÒ ªÒ·ÐàÅ áÅÐÀÙà¢Ò ໚¹¾×é¹·ÕèµÑÇÍ‹ҧ¢Í§¡Òÿ„œ¹¿ÙÃкº¹ÔàÇÈ·Õè¶Ù¡·íÒÅÒ ä»áÅŒÇÍ‹ҧÊÔé¹àªÔ§ ·Ñ駻†Òº¡áÅл†ÒªÒÂàŹ ᵋÊÒÁÒö¿„œ¹¤×¹ 䴌͋ҧÃÇ´àÃçÇáÅÐà¡Ô´»ÃÐ⪹ ÁËÒÈÒÅ” “»†Òº¹ÀÙà¢Ò ÊÌҧ¹éíÒ㵌´Ô¹ ·íÒãËŒ»ÃЪҪ¹ä´Œ»ÃÐ⪹ ¨Ò¡¹éíÒºÒ´ÒÅáÅÐ໚¹«Ø»à»Íà ÁÒà à¡çµ·ÕèäÁ‹ÁÕÇѹËÁ´ ËÒ¡àÃÒ ÃÙŒ¨Ñ¡ÃÑ¡ÉÒà¾ÃÒЪÕÇÔµÁ¹ØÉ ÍÂÙ‹ÀÒÂ㵌Ãкº¹ÔàÇÈà´ÕÂǡѹ¡Ñº ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ µŒÍ§¾Ö觾ÒáÅÐÍÂÙ‹ÍÒÈÑÂÍ‹ҧ»¯ÔàʸäÁ‹ä´Œ àª×èÍÁ⧶֧ »†ÒªÒÂàŹÍѹ໚¹Ë‹Ç§â«‹ÍÒËÒâͧÊÑµÇ ¹éíÒ·ÐàÅ·íÒãËŒ¡ÅØ‹Á »ÃÐÁ§¾×鹺ŒÒ¹ËҡԹ䴌ÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ ¨Ò¡·Õèà¤ÂáÃŒ¹á¤Œ¹ ¨ÑºÊÑµÇ ¹éíÒ ä´ŒÂÒ¡ àËç¹ä´ŒªÑ´à¨¹Ç‹Ò »˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ÁÕàÃ×Í»ÃÐÁ§ÍÍ¡·ÐàÅÁÒ¡¢Öé¹” “¡Òÿ„œ¹¿ÙÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¤×Í ¡ÒÃÊÌҧÃкº¤ÇÒÁÁÑ蹤§·Ò§ ´ŒÒ¹ÍÒËÒÃá¡‹ÁÇÅÁ¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ ËÒ¡¶Ù¡·íÒÅÒ¨¹ËÁ´ Á¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ ÍÒ¨¨ÐÊÙ޾ѹ¸Ø ä´Œ á¹Ç·Ò§¢Í§¾ÃÐͧ¤ ·‹Ò¹ (¾ÃÐ਌ÒÍÂÙ‹ËÑÇáÅÐ ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐà·¾Ãѵ¹ÃÒªÊØ´ÒÏ) ¤×Í ¡Òä׹ÊÁ´ØÅᡋʧèÔ áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ” ໚¹º·ÊÃØ»·Ô§é ·ŒÒ·չè Ò‹ ʹ㨠¨Ò¡»ÃÐʺ¡Òó ¢Í§àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡Òà ÁÙŹԸÔÍØ·ÂÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔÊÔÃÔ¹¸Ã ¾ÅµíÒÃǨµÃÕ ´Ôàá ·Õè·Ø‹Áà··íÒ§Ò¹´ŒÇ¤ÇÒÁàª×èÍÁÑè¹µÒÁá¹Ç·Äɮբͧ¾ÃÐͧ¤ ·‹Ò¹ ·ÕèÇ‹Ò “µŒÍ§ÁͧÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÍ‹ҧ໚¹Í§¤ ÃÇÁ ¡ÒÃᡌ䢻˜ÞËÒ µŒÍ§àª×èÍÁ⧷Ñé§Ãкº ¨Ðá¡Œä¢à¾Õ§ºÒ§¨Ø´äÁ‹ä´Œ” Íѹ໚¹·ÕèÁÒ ¢Í§¡Òÿ„œ¹»†Òº¹ÀÙà¢Ò¶Ö§»†ÒªÒÂàŹ

22 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

Police Major General Direk discussed the procedure for fostering the participation of people living in the Bang Tra Noi and Bang Tra Yai canal entrance areas to help them understand the approach of the royal thought and its impact on the environment and the livelihood of people. The royal words include: “The local people do not appreciate how deforestation causes problems. Any profit from possessing a cultivated area is counteracted by the conflict it causes in conservation work. We use practices to illustrate reality, although it takes some time to create understanding.”

“With the “Mountain Forest Rehabilitation Approach to Mangrove Forests” principle of His Majesty the King, when the forest is rehabilitated there will be water in the soil. The vil agers around the entrance to canals can dril for and then consume underground water. Consequently, they come to understand the ecosystems which relate to their way of life. The underground water can be found from the hilltops down to the sea, just like groundwater such as rivers, canals, lakes or bogs. If the forest exists, so does underground water. It flows to the sea because of gravity. If there are no trees to store rainwater, then the water will flow from the mountains and erode the soil to such an extent that the whole village can be destroyed.”

As soon as they understand this approach, we get cooperation for environmental protection from the local people who stop trying to possess the forest land for themselves. This understanding is facilitated by practices based on His Majesty the King’s principle of letting nature systematically restore itself. Police Major General Direk highlights this excellent approach: “I think this area is a good example of ecosystem rehabilitation in Thailand and the region. It is a practical application of natural system rehabilitation of an entire watershed area. This land includes watershed, seashore and mountains. It demonstrates the rehabilitation of ecosystems which had been almost completely destroyed but now have been restored and provide great benefits.”

º·¤ÇÒÁ¾ÔàÈÉ Special ÍØ·ÂÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔÊÔÃÔ¹¸Ã Èٹ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ Êҡź¹ËÅÑ¡àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¾Íà¾Õ§áË‹§Í¹Ò¤µ...?

ÍØ·ÂÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔÊÔÃÔ¹¸Ã ä´ŒÃѺ¡ÒÃÃѺÃͧ ãˌ໚¹Èٹ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒÃдѺÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ 㹡ÒèѴ¡ÒáÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒà¾×èÍ ¡ÒþѲ¹ÒÍ‹ҧÂÑè§Â×¹ : Regional Center of Expertise (RCE) on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) ã¹¹ÒÁ Èٹ àÃÕ¹ÃÙŒã¹ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ªÐÍíÒ ¨Ò¡ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂÊË»ÃÐªÒªÒµÔ àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 28 ÁÕ¹Ò¤Á 2551 â´Â¨Ø´à´‹¹¢Í§Èٹ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¹Õé ¤×Í ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔ»ÃÐà·ÈÍѹËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ µÑé§áµ‹ÀÙà¢Ò Êѹ·ÃÒÂ-ªÒÂËÒ´ »†ÒªÒÂàŹáÅЪÒ½˜›§·ÐàÅ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÅÒ´ªÑ¹ ໚¹¾×é¹·ÕèÍѹà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡Ò÷Ѻ¶Á¢Í§µÐ¡Í¹´Ô¹·ÃÒÂà¡‹ Ò á¡‹ ¹Ñº¾Ñ¹»‚ §Í¡Â×è¹à»š¹ËÒ´·ÃÒÂÂÒÇ 3 ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ ¡Ò÷Ѻ¶Á¢Í§ ªÑ¹é µÐ¡Í¹´Ô¹·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´ËÒ´·ÃÒ·ÕÊè ǧÒÁáÅФÇÒÁÍØ´ÁÊÁºÙó ¢Í§»†ÒªÒÂàŹ â´Â¾ÅµíÒÃǨµÃÕ´Ôàá ºÍ¡Ç‹Ò ໚¹ÊÀÒ¾ ÀÙÁÔ»ÃÐà·È·Õè¨íÒÅͧÊÀÒ¾·Ø¡æ ¾×é¹·Õè¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈÁÒÃÇÁÍÂÙ‹ã¹ ·Õèà´ÕÂǡѹáÅÐÂѧ໚¹áËÅ‹§àÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ»†Ò¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¡Ñº»†ÒªÒÂàŹ ÍÕ¡´ŒÇÂ

“Forests on the mountain generate groundwater.

People can utilize this groundwater. It can be like a supermarket with infinite goods if we know how to maintain the system. Both people and nature exist in the same ecosystems on which they undeniably have to rely. It also shows the relationship between the mangrove forest and the food chains which include aquatic animals, which allows local fishermen to work for a living. Fishing used to be finished here, it seemed but now there are more fishing boat sailing to the sea.”

“Environmental rehabilitation contributes to a food security system for mankind. If it is completely destroyed, then mankind may become extinct. His Majesty the King Bhumibol and H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s approach is to return the balance to the environment.”

There is an interesting final conclusion from the experience of the Director and Secretary of Sirindhorn International Environmental Park Foundation, Police Major General Direk, who is dedicated to working with confidence because of following His Majesty the King’s theory: “One should take into account the overall picture of the environment. Problem-solving must be associated with the whole system. Solving just some parts is really not the point.” This leads to rehabilitation from mountain forest to mangrove forest.

The Sirindhorn International Environmental Park, an International Learning Center on the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy of the Future?

The Sirindhorn International Environmental Park has been acknowledged to be the Regional Center of Expertise (RCE) on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) on behalf of the Cha-am Regional Learning center by the United Nations University, on March 28th, 2008. The highlight of this international learning center is the variety of geography, which includes mountains, sand dunes, mangrove forest and sea coast with an escarpment because of the thousandyear-old sand heap and silt which extend its beach three kilometers along the sea. The sedimentation of silt creates a beautiful beach as well as adding fertility to the mangrove forest. Police Major General Direk observes that these terrain conditions Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 23

¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ÂѧÁÕáËÅ‹§àÃÕ¹ÃٌˌÇ·ÃÒ·ÕèÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡Òÿ„œ¹µÑÇ ¢Í§»†ÒÍ‹ҧ໚¹Ãкº ÁÕʶҹÕᨡ¨‹Ò¡ŌÒÂÒ§¹ÒáÅÐá»Å§ ·´Åͧ»ÅÙ¡ËÞŒÒὡà¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ´Ù§Ò¹¢Í§ªØÁª¹·Õèʹ㨷ҧ ´ŒÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáÅÐ์¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä´Œ»¯ÔºÑµÔ¨ÃÔ§ à¾×èÍãËŒªØÁª¹·ÕèÁÒÈÖ¡ÉÒ´Ù§Ò¹ÊÒÁÒö¹íÒ¡ÅѺä»ãªŒä´Œ¨Ãԧ㹾×é¹·Õè ¢Í§µÑÇàͧ ·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·ÕèÊØ´ Èٹ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¹ÕéÂѧ໚¹Ê¶Ò¹·Õè à¼Âá¾Ã‹Ãкº»ÃѪÞÒàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¾Íà¾Õ§¢Í§Í§¤ ¾ÃкҷÊÁà´ç¨ ¾ÃÐ਌ÒÍÂÙ‹ËÑÇ ·Õè์¹á¹Ç·Ò§àªÔ§»¯ÔºÑµÔá¡‹»ÃЪҪ¹ã¹·Ø¡ÃдѺ µÑé§áµ‹ÃдѺ¤Ãͺ¤ÃÑÇ ÃдѺªØÁª¹ ÃдѺÃÑ° áÅÐ์¹·Ò§ ÊÒ¡Åҧ㹷ҧàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ à¾×èÍãËŒ¡ŒÒǷѹâÅ¡Í‹ҧÁÑ蹤§áÅÐ ÂÑè§Â×¹ ÍѹËÁÒ¶֧ ¤ÇÒÁ¾Í»ÃÐÁÒ³ ¤ÇÒÁÁÕà˵ؼŠÊÌҧ Ãкº¤Ø Œ Á ¡Ñ ¹ ã¹µÑ Ç àͧ´Œ Ç Â¡ÒÃà»ÅÕ è  ¹á»Å§·Ñ é § ÀÒÂã¹áÅÐ ÀÒ¹͡ µÒÁËÅÑ¡¡Òà 3 ˋǧ 2 à§×èÍ¹ä¢ ¤×Í ¤ÇÒÁ¾Í»ÃÐÁÒ³ ¤ÇÒÁÁÕà˵ؼŠ¡ÒÃÁÕÀÙÁԤ،Á¡Ñ¹·Õè´Õ áÅÐà§×è͹䢤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ à§×è͹䢤س¸ÃÃÁ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ÂѧÁÕ¹·Ô ÃÃÈ¡ÒÃÊÒ¸Ôµ·Ò§´ŒÒ¹¾Åѧ§Ò¹ 8 Ê¶Ò¹Õ ä´Œá¡‹ 1. ¾Åѧ§Ò¹¤×ÍÍÐäà 2. ä¿¿‡ÒÁÒ¨Ò¡ä˹ 3. ʶҹ¡Òó ¾Åѧ§Ò¹ 4. ÇԡĵÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ㪌¾Åѧ§Ò¹ 5. ÍÂÙ‹Í‹ҧ »ÃÐËÂÑ´ 6. à´Ô¹·Ò§ËÒÃÊͧ 7. Êíҹѡ§Ò¹áÅÐâçàÃÕ¹ ËÒÃÊͧ áÅÐ 8. á¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒáíҨѴ¢ÂдŒÇÂÇÔ¸Õ¡Ò÷Õè¶Ù¡µŒÍ§ *(1A3R) ÃÇÁ·Ñé§à»š¹áËÅ‹§¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒÊíÒËÃѺ¹Ñ¡ÈÖ¡ÉÒáÅкؤ¤Å ·Õèʹ㨠ઋ¹ áËÅ‹§àÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ´ŒÒ¹¾Åѧ§Ò¹·´á·¹¨Ò¡¾Åѧ§Ò¹ áʧÍҷԵ áËÅ‹§àÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ´ŒÒ¹¾Åѧ§Ò¹·´á·¹¨Ò¡¾Åѧ§Ò¹ÅÁ áËÅ‹§àÃÕ¹ÃÙàŒ Ã×Íè §¾Åѧ§Ò¹ªÕÇÁÇÅ áËÅ‹§àÃÕ¹ÃÙ¡Œ ÒüÅÔµäºâÍ´Õà«Å áËÅ‹ § àÃÕ Â ¹ÃÙ Œ à Ã× è Í §¡ÒÃ㪌 ¾ ÅÑ § §Ò¹áʧÍÒ·Ô µ  㠹¡ÒÃͺáËŒ § áËÅ‹§àÃÕ¹ÃÙŒàÃ×èͧ»†ÒªÒÂàŹáÅСԨ¡ÃÃÁ´Ù¹¡ ·Ñ駹¡»ÃШíÒ¶Ôè¹ áÅй¡Í¾Â¾ áÅÐáËÅ‹§àÃÕ¹ÃÙàŒ Ã×Íè §¡Òû‡Í§¡Ñ¹¡ÒáѴà«ÒЪÒ½˜§›

represent a version of every terrain type of the country all joined together in the same place. It is also a learning source for natural forest and the mangrove forest.

Furthermore, there is the Huay Sai learning source, which offers resources on systematic forest rehabilitation.

It includes the Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb distribution station and a vetiver grass experimental bedding area which the community can inspect. This area pays attention to the environment and focuses on “learning from best practice” in order to allow communities to apply the lessons in their own land.

The most important thing is that the international learning center also disseminates the sufficiency economy philosophy system of His Majesty the King, which emphasizes practical methods for every level of society, including families, communities and states to improve their economic situations. Its purpose is to modernize the world with consistency and sustainability referring to sufficiency, reasonableness and building self-immunity through both moral and physical change. These follow the “three cirdes two conditions” principle; sufficiency, reasonableness, effective immunity and knowledge-morality conditions.

Moreover, there are eight energy exhibition and demonstration stations, as follows: 1. What is energy?

2. Where does electricity come from? 3. Current energy 4. Environmental crises arising from energy 5. Economical living 6. Travel 7. Office and school 8. Correct approach to waste disposal *(1A3R) It is also a learning center for both students and the public; a learning center for renewable energy from solar and wind energy, a learning center for biomass energy, a learning center for biodiesel production, a learning center for solar energy usage for drying, a learning center for mangrove forest and bird watching activities (both local and migratory birds) and a learning center for coastal erosion prevention.

*1A3R »ÃСͺ´ŒÇ 1. AVOID ¤×Í ËÅÕ¡àÅÕè§ ÅÐ àÅÔ¡¡ÒúÃÔâÀ¤·Õè·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´»˜ÞËÒ¢ÂÐÅŒ¹âÅ¡áÅÐ àÅÔ¡¡ÒúÃÔâÀ¤¼ÅÔµÀѳ± ·Õè໚¹ÍѹµÃÒµ‹ÍÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 2. REDUCE Å´¡ÒúÃÔâÀ¤ËÃ×ͤԴ¡‹Í¹ºÃÔâÀ¤ 3. REUSE 㪌«éíÒ ãˌ㪌«éíÒÊÔ觢ͧà¤Ã×èͧ㪌·Ø¡ª¹Ô´ 4. RECYCLE ËÁعàÇÕ¹¡ÅѺÁÒ㪌ãËÁ‹ ¾ÂÒÂÒÁàÅ×͡㪌ÊÔ觢ͧËÃ×ͼÅÔµÀѳ± ·ÕèÊÒÁÒö¹íÒ¡ÅѺÁÒËÁعàÇÕ¹㪌ãËÁ‹ âÅ¡¢Í§¡ÃдÒÉ á¡ŒÇ âÅËÐ áÅоÅÒʵԡ

*1A3R consists of: 1. AVOID: avoid consumption that may cause global excessive waste problems, as well as stop consuming products that are dangerous to the environment.

2. REDUCE: drop consumption rates or think before consuming.

3. REUSE: use every appliance one more time.

4. RECYCLE: try to select recyclable appliances or products (e.g. paper, glass, metal, and plastic).

24 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

º·¤ÇÒÁ¾ÔàÈÉ Special ·Ñé§ËÁ´¹Õé Ōǹà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁËÇÁáçËÇÁã¨ã¹¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹ à¾×èÍʹͧ¾ÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÔ ¾ÃкҷÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐ਌ÒÍÂÙ‹ËÑÇ ·Ò§´ŒÒ¹ ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à¾×èÍãˌ໚¹àÊÁ×͹¾Ô¾Ô¸Àѳ± ·ÕèÁÕªÕÇÔµ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§Âѧ໚¹ ʶҹ·Õèà¼Âá¾Ã‹¾ÃÐà¡ÕÂõԤسáÅоÃлÃÕªÒÊÒÁÒö㹴ŒÒ¹ ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃ¡Ñ É ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔ ¡ÒþѲ¹ÒÃкº¾Åѧ§Ò¹·´á·¹ ÍѹµÃ§¡ÑºËÅÑ¡»ÃѪÞÒàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¾Íà¾Õ§·Õàè ¹Œ¹ãËŒ¤¹¾Ö§è ¾Òµ¹àͧ ໚¹áËÅ‹§ÃÇÁ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ·ÕèËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂÍ‹ҧ¤ÃºÇ§¨Ã ÊÌҧ¹Çѵ¡ÃÃÁ·Õèàª×èÍÁâ§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵà áÅÐà·¤â¹âÅÂÕ·Ñé§ã¹áÅÐ µ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È¡ÑºÃкºÀÙÁÔ»˜ÞÞÒã¹·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹à¾×è͵‹ÍÂÍ´¡ÒþѲ¹Ò Í‹ҧÂÑè§Â×¹ “Èٹ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒàÃ×èͧ¾Åѧ§Ò¹·´á·¹µÃ§¡ÑºÃкº»ÃѪÞÒ àÈÃÉ°¡Ô ¨ ¾Íà¾Õ  §·Õ è à ¹Œ ¹ ãËŒ ª Ø Á ª¹ÊÒÁÒö¾Ö è § ¾Òµ¹àͧ䴌 ´ŒÇ¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃ㪌¾Åѧ§Ò¹·´á·¹áÅŒÇà¼Âá¾Ã‹à»š¹¢ŒÍÁÙż‹Ò¹ ÃкºÊ×èÍÊÒÃÁÇŪ¹ª¹Ô´µ‹Ò§æ ઋ¹ àÇç»ä«µ à¾×èÍãËŒ¤¹ä´Œà¢ŒÒÁÒ ÈÖ¡ÉÒáÅйíÒä»ãªŒÍ‹ҧàµçÁ·Õè” “àÃÒÁÕËÅÑ¡ÊÙµÃͺÃÁà¾×èͤÇÒÁࢌÒ㨷ҧ´ŒÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ áÅоÅѧ§Ò¹ ์¹¡ÒÃŧÁ×Í·´ÅͧáÅл¯ÔºµÑ ¨Ô ÃÔ§ ·Ñ§é ¹Ô·ÃÃÈ¡Òà áÅл†Ò¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ÁÕ¡ÒÃͺÃÁ¤ÃÙÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵà áÅÐà·¤â¹âÅÂÕ à»š¹Èٹ ·Õè¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÒÃ㪌¾Åѧ§Ò¹Í‹ҧÂÑè§Â×¹¹íÒ§Ò¹ÇÔ¨ÑÂÁҾѲ¹Ò à¾×èͶ‹Ò·ʹ” ¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃáÅÐàÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÁÙŹԸÔÍØ·ÂÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔÊÃÔ ¹Ô ¸Ã ¡Å‹ÒÇÊÃØ»áÅЪѡªÇ¹ãËŒ¼ÊŒÙ ¹ã¨·Ò§´ŒÒ¹ÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ࢌÒÁÒÈÖ¡ÉÒËÒ¤ÇÒÁÃٌ䴌µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ ¡‹Í¹¨Ð·Ô駷ŒÒÂàÍÒäÇŒÇ‹Ò “ÍØ·ÂÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáÅÐÈٹ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔÊÔÃÔ¹¸Ã ¤×Í »ÃÐ⪹ ãËÞ‹ËÅǧáÅÐ໚¹ÇÔ¶ÕªÕÇÔµ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡ÑºÁ¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ ¤¹¨ÐÍÂÙ‹ä´ŒµŒÍ§à¢ŒÒã¨Ãкº¹ÔàÇÈáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ໚¹Í‹ҧ´Õ”

All of these are provided through collaboration of work in order to fulfill the royal thought of His Majesty the King in terms of the environment. Its result is the living museum, as well as the means for disseminating his honor and his intuition concerning natural resources conservation and renewable energy systems development and these match the sufficiency economy philosophy which focuses on relying on oneself. It is a source of variety for a complete learning activity and it creates an innovation linking both domestic and overseas science and technology, as well as a local wisdom system that promotes sustainable development.

“A learning center for renewable energy matches the sufficiency economy philosophy system that focuses on making people in the community relying on themselves. They apply renewable energy usage procedures and distribute the information through several mass media systems, including websites, to allow people to learn from and fully apply it.”

“We have a training course aimed at increasing an understanding of the environment and energy.

We emphasize experiments and real practice in both exhibitions and the natural forest. There is a training session for science and technology instructors. It is a center of sustainable energy usage development that uses research to develop and to pass on knowledge.”

The Director and Secretary of Sirindhorn International Environmental Park Foundation concludes by persuading people who are interested in the environment to come in and learn at any time. Finally, he offers his last words: “The Sirindhorn International Environmental Park is a great utility and highlights the ways of life associated with humankind. People must understand ecosystems and the environment if they want to live with well-being.”

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 25

“ÃÒªÔ¹ÕáË‹§ÊÒ¹éíÒ....¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒÔ É ·ÕèÂÑè§Â×¹ ¾ÅѧªØÁª¹¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò¡Ñº¡ÒÃ͹ØinÃÑ¡um Thaianum J.Schulze”

“Queen of the River ... Cr d Sustainable Conservation Klong Nakar Community an Çôŵ ᨋÁ¨íÒÃÙÞ* / Woradol Jamjaroon*

àÁ×èÍ»ÅÒ½¹µŒ¹Ë¹ÒÇÁÒàÂ×͹ ª‹Ç§à´×͹µØÅÒ¤Á - ¸Ñ¹ÇÒ¤Á ¢Í§·Ø¡»‚ ·ÕèÅíÒ¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò ¨.Ãйͧ ¨ÐÁվתäÁŒ¹éíÒËÒÂÒ¡ àÃÔèÁªÙª‹Í ÍÍ¡´Í¡ÊÕ¢ÒǺҹÊоÃÑè§ Ê‹§¡ÅÔè¹ËÍÁÍ‹Í¹æ ·‹ÒÁ¡ÅÒ§ãºÊÕà¢ÕÂÇ ¤ÅŒÒÂÃÔººÔ¹é ¾ÅÔÇé äÊÇ·ÑÇè ·Ñ§é ¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò ÃÍ¡ÒÃÁÒàÂ×͹¢Í§¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕÂè Ç ÍÕ¡¤ÃÑé§ ¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Òà (Crinum thaianum J. Schulze) Ç§È Amaryllidaceae (ª×èÍ thaianum ໚¹¡ÒÃÃкØÇ‹Ò¾ºã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹) ËÃ×ÍÍÕ¡ª×èÍ ¤×Í “ËތҪŒÍ§” ·Õè໚¹ª×èÍ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹á¶º¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ Ãйͧ㪌àÃÕ¡ ¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒÃ໚¹äÁŒÅŒÁÅØ¡ÍÒÈÑÂÍÂً㵌¹éíÒ ÃÒ¡ÅÖ¡ ÁÕËÑÇ㵌´Ô¹ (bulb) àÊŒ¹¼‹Ò¹Èٹ ¡ÅÒ§»ÃÐÁÒ³ 7 «Á. ÂÒÇ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 15 «Á. ãºÍÍ¡à»ç¹Ç§Ãͺᷧ¢Öé¹à˹×͹éíÒ Ãٻᶺ (linear) ÂÒÇ 2-3 Á. ÁÕ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 20 㺠ËÃ×ÍÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò ÊÕà¢ÕÂÇ͋͹à¹×éÍ㺠àË¹Õ Â Ç¹Ø ‹ Á ÁÕ à ÊŒ ¹ 㺵ÒÁÂÒǨí Ò ¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡¢Íºãº¨Ñ ¡ «Õ è ¿ ˜ ¹ àÅç ¡ æ (serrate) ª‹Í ´Í¡ÃÙ » «Õ èËÁ (umbel) ¡ÒºËØŒÁ ª‹Í (bract) ÊÕá´§¡ŒÒ¹ª‹Í´Í¡ (inflorescence) ÍÇºË¹Ò ÂÒÇä´Œ 80-100 «Á. ÊÕà¢ÕÂÇá¡ÁÁ‹Ç§ ´Í¡Â‹Í (floret) ÁÕ 5-8 ´Í¡ ºÒ¹·ÕÅÐ 1-5 ´Í¡ ¡ÅÕºÃÇÁ (tepal) µÔ´¡Ñ¹à»š¹ËÅÍ´ÊÕ¢ÒÇÍÁà¢ÕÂÇ ÂÒÇ 12-14 «Á. »ÅÒÂá¡à»ç ¹ 6 á©¡ ÃÙ » ᶺ (linear) ËÃ×ÍÃÙ»ãºËÍ¡ (lanceolate) ÂÒÇ 8-10 «Á. ÊÕ¢ÒÇ ¡ŒÒ¹à¡ÊÃà¾È¼ÙŒ

When annual winter comes from OctoberDecember to Klong Nakar in Ranong province, a rare aquatic plant blooms, its pure white flowers emerging from buds which provide a pleasant aroma among the green ribbon-like leaves, which sway all across the community. It is as if they are just waiting for the tourists.

This is Plub Pleung Tharn (Crinum thaianum J. Schulze), a member of the Amaryllidaceae family (“thaianum” is added to specify that it can only be found in Thailand), also called “Ya-Chong”, which is the local name used in Ranong province. This seasonal plant grows under water. It has deep roots and its submerged bulb measures some 7 cm in diameter and 15 cm in length. The leaves are long and thin, as much as 2-3 metres and they reach out across the water. Each plant has 20 or more light green colored leaves. They are sticky but tender and have

*¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡Òû†ÒäÁŒªíÒ¹ÒÞ¡Òà Êíҹѡ§Ò¹Ë;ÃóäÁŒ ¡ÃÁÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ ÊÑµÇ »†ÒáÅоѹ¸Ø ¾×ª *Forestry expert Office of the Forest Herbarium National Park, Wild Life and Plant Conservation Department 26 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅФÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ Balance and Diverse (filaments) 6 Íѹ àÃÕÂÇÂÒÇáÅÐἋ¡ÇŒÒ§ ÊÕ¢ÒǶ֧ᴧ ÂÒÇ 6-8 «Á. ÍѺàó٠(anther) µÔ´·Õè°Ò¹ÊÕàËÅ×ͧ͋͹ÂÒÇ 1.2-1.5 «Á. ¡ŒÒ¹à¡ÊÃà¾ÈàÁÕ (style) ÊÑ鹡NjҡŒÒ¹à¡ÊÃà¾È¼ÙŒ ¼ÅẺÁÕ à¹×éÍËÅÒÂàÁÅç´ àÁÅç´ºÔ´àºÕéÂÇ໚¹àËÅÕèÂÁÂÒÇ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 2.5 «Á. ¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒÃ໚¹¾×ª¶Ôè¹à´ÕÂǢͧä·Â ÁÕÃÒ§ҹ¡Òþºà©¾ÒкÃÔàdzÀҤ㵌µÍ¹º¹á¶º¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ ¾Ñ§§Ò áÅÐÃйͧ ¾º·ÑèÇ仵ÒÁÅíÒ¸Ò÷Õè¹éíÒãÊÊÐÍÒ´áÅÐ ÁÕ¹éíÒäËŵÅÍ´»‚¤ÇÒÁÅÖ¡äÁ‹à¡Ô¹ 2 Á. ¨Ò¡ÃÒ§ҹ¢Í§ Schulze (1972) ¾ºÇ‹Ò¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒÃ໚¹ 1 ã¹ 4 ª¹Ô´¢Í§ Ê¡ØÅ Crinum ·Õè໚¹¾×ª¹éíÒ 2 ª¹Ô´ (Crinum aquaticum Burch. ex Spreng. áÅÐ Crinum natans Baker) ¾ºã¹áÍ¿ÃÔ¡Ò à¢µÃŒÍ¹ áÅÐÍÕ¡ 1 ª¹Ô´ (Crinum purpurascens Herb.) ¾ºã¹ºÃÒ«ÔÅáÅÐà·×Í¡à¢ÒÍÔ¹´ÕʵÐÇѹÍÍ¡ ã¹Í´Õµ¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Òà ໚¹¾×ª·Õèà¤ÂÁÕÃÒ§ҹ¡ÒáÃШÒ¾ѹ¸Ø ã¹ÅíÒ¹éíÒËÅÒÂáËÅ‹§¢Í§ ÀҤ㵌 ᵋ»¨˜ ¨Øº¹Ñ ¶Ù¡¨Ñ´ÍÂÙã‹ ¹Ê¶Ò¹Ð໚¹¾×ªËÒÂÒ¡ã¡ÅŒÊÞÙ ¾Ñ¹¸Ø (Pooma et al., 2005) áÅÐ໚¹¾×ªà©¾ÒжÔè¹¾ºà©¾ÒÐÃйͧ áÅоѧ§Ò ᵋ¾Ñ§§Ò»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹¾ºä´Œ¹ŒÍÂÁÒ¡ ʋǹ·ÕèÃйͧÁÕ੾ÒÐ ·ÕèÅíÒ¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò µ.¹Ò¤Ò Í.ÊØ¢ÊíÒÃÒÞ ¨.Ãйͧ «Öè§Âѧ¤§ÁÕ ÍÂÙ‹Í‹ҧ˹Òṋ¹ áÅоÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒÃÂѧ໚¹µÑǪÕéÇÑ´¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁ ÍØ´ÁÊÁºÙó ¢Í§¼×¹»†ÒáÅÐÅíÒ¤Åͧ¹Ñé¹æ à¾ÃÒÐ໚¹¾×ª·ÕèÁÕ੾ÒÐ à¨ÒШ§µ‹ÍÃкº¹ÔàÇÈ¢Öé¹ä´Œà©¾ÒÐÅíÒ¤Åͧ·ÕèÁÕ¹éíÒäËÅãÊÊÐÍÒ´

à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ «Öè§ÊÁÑ¡‹Í¹ªÒǺŒÒ¹ä´Œ¹íÒÁÒ㪌»ÃÐ⪹ ໚¹ÂÒÊÁعä¾Ã á¡Œ¿¡ªéíÒᵋäÁ‹à¤ÂÁÕã¤Ãʹã¨ÁÒ¡¹Ñ¡à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¾ºä´Œ·ÑèÇä» ã¹á¶º¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò ᵋ»ÃÒ¡¯Ç‹Òã¹ÃͺÊÔº»‚·Õ輋ҹÁÒ¾ºÇ‹ÒÁÕ ËÅÒÂÊÒà赯 · Õ èÊ ‹ § ¼Åµ‹ Í ¡ÒÃŴŧ¢Í§¨í Ò ¹Ç¹»ÃЪҡâͧ ¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒÃ㹸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ઋ¹ ¡Òö١ÅÑ¡Åͺ¢Ø´ËÑǾÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Òà à¾×èÍÊ‹§Í͡໚¹äÁŒ»ÃдѺ仵‹Ò§»ÃÐà·ÈÍ‹ҧ¼Ô´¡®ËÁÒ áÅÐÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·Õèà»ÅÕè¹ä»ÁÒ¡·íÒãËŒÅíÒ¸ÒÃäÁ‹ÊÐÍÒ´áÅÐ µ×é¹à¢Ô¹¨Ò¡·Ñ駡Ԩ¡ÃÃÁ¢Í§Á¹ØÉ áÅСÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¢Í§ ÊÀÒ¾ÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Òè֧àÊÕ觵‹Í¡ÒÃ༪ÔޡѺ¡ÒÃÊÙ޾ѹ¸Ø 㹸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ໚¹Í‹ҧÁÒ¡

many serrated ribs. Inflorescence reaches 80-100 cm along the leaves and boasts umber, red-black and purple-green shades. Each plant includes 5-8 florets, with 1-5 of them blooming at a time. White sepals stick together in a tubular form of some 12-14 cm in length.

Its peak is divided into six parts in a lanceolate shape, 8-10 cm long, which are white in color. There are six filaments, which are long and spread out, 6-8 cm long and ranging from white to red in hue. Attached to the base is a light-yellow anther of some 1.2-1.5 cm in length.

The style is shorter than the anther. The plant has fleshy fruit and several seeds up to 2 cm in length. Plub Pleung Tharn is local plant which can be found only in the South, around Phangnga and Ranong Province. Generally, it can be found in clean freshwater streams that flow all year round and with a depth not exceeding 2 m. According to Schulze’s report (1972), Plub Pleung Tharn is one of four kinds of the Crinum family. Two of them are aquatic plants (Crinum aquaticum Burch. ex Spreng. & Crinum natans Baker), which can be found in the tropical zone of Africa. The other one (Crinum purpurascens Herb) can be found in Brazil and the East Andes mountains. In the past, Plub Pleung Tharn can be found in several streams in the South, but today it is classified as a rare plant near extinction (Pooma et al., 2005) and a unique local plant, which can be only found in Ranong and Phangnga Province and only rarely in the latter. At Ranong, Plub Pleung Tharn grows in large numbers only in Klong Nakar, Tambol Nakar, Amphur Suk Sumrarn, Ranong. The plant is also an indicator of the fertility of the forest and canals because it is specific to particular ecosystems. It can flourish only in clean, flowing streams. The local people used to use it as a herbal medicine for contusions. However, few people paid more attention to it as it then could be found everywhere in Klong Nakar. Since then, in the last Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 27

¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁ੾ÒжÔè¹¹Õèàͧ ·íÒãËŒ ªÒǺŒÒ¹¡ÅØ‹ÁàÅç¡æ ¡ÅØ‹Á˹Ö觷Õè µ.¹Ò¤Ò Í. ÊØ¢ÊíÒÃÒÞ ¨. Ãйͧ à¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÃÑ¡ ¤ÇÒÁËǧá˹àË繤س¤‹Ò ¨Ö§ä´ŒÃÇÁµÑǡѹ à¾×Íè »¡»‡Í§ ´ÙáÅ áÅÐ͹ØÃ¡Ñ É ¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Òà â´ÂàÁ× è Í àÃÔ è Á ¨Ñ ´ µÑ é § ¡ÅØ‹Á¢Öé¹ ÁÕ¨íҹǹ ÊÁÒªÔ¡à¾Õ§äÁ‹¡Õ褹¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹡çàÃÔèÁóç¤ áÅЪѡªÇ¹ªÒǺŒÒ¹ãËŒàË繶֧¤ÇÒÁ໚¹ àÍ¡Åѡɳ áÅФس¤‹Ò¢Í§¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Òà áÅÐä´Œ¨´Ñ ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ·Ò§´ŒÒ¹ ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕÂè ÇàªÔ§¹ÔàÇȨ¹à¡Ô´à»š¹¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ “ŋͧá¾ážÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Òà ˹Öè§à´ÕÂÇã¹âÅ¡” ¨Ò¡à´ÔÁ·ÕèÁÕÊÁÒªÔ¡äÁ‹¡Õ褹 ¡‹Íà¡Ô´à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á·Õè ÁÕÊÁÒªÔ¡ËÅÒÂÊÔº¤¹¨¹¨Ñ´µÑ§é ¢Ö¹é ໚¹ “ªÁÃÁà¾ÅÔ¹ä¾ÃÈÃÕ¹Ò¤Ò” â´Â¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×ÍËÇÁ㨨ҡËÅÒ½†Ò ઋ¹ ªÁÃÁ»†ÒÊÌҧ½˜¹ ¨.Ãйͧ ͧ¤ ¡ÒúÃÔËÒÃʋǹµíÒºÅ¹Ò¤Ò áÅÐࢵÃÑ¡ÉҾѹ¸Ø ÊÑµÇ »Ò† ¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò áÅÐÁÕ¡ÒÃÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃŋͧᾠ(ÁÕ·§éÑ á¾ÂÒ§áÅÐá¾äÁ‹ä¼‹) â´Â¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃŋͧᡋ§¢Í§·Õ¹è ÍèÕ Ò¨äÁ‹àËÁ×͹ ¡Ñº¡ÒÃŋͧᡋ§¼¨ÞÀÑÂᵋ¡µç ¹è× àµŒ¹ºŒÒ§µÒÁàÊŒ¹·Ò§ àʹ‹Ë ¢Í§·Õè¹Õè ¤×Í ¡ÒÃŋͧá¾ä»µÒÁÊÒ¹éíÒãÊÊÐÍÒ´·ÕèÊͧ½˜›§àµçÁä»´ŒÇ ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèÊǧÒÁ ʧº ËÁÃ×è¹ áÅСÒÃä´ŒªÁáÅÐÊÑÁ¼ÑʡѺ ¤ÇÒÁÁËÑȨÃàáÅФÇÒÁÊǧÒÁ¢Í§¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Òë֧è ÁÕ´Í¡ÊÕ¢ÒÇ ªÙª‹Íà˹×͹éíÒÊ‹§¡ÅÔè¹ËÍÁ͋͹æ 㺷ÕèÁÕÊÕà¢ÕÂǤŌÒÂÃÔººÔé¹ÂÒÇ ¾ÅÔÇé äÊÇ仵ÒÁÊÒ¹éÒí ÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁ»ÃзѺã¨ãËŒÊÒí ËÃѺ¼ÙÁŒ ÒàÂ×͹ ÊíÒËÃѺª‹Ç§àÇÅÒ·Õ¹è Ò‹ ʹã¨ÁÒŋͧᾪÁ¤ÇÒÁ§ÒÁ¢Í§¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Òà ÊÒÁÒöÁÒ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇä´ŒµÑé§áµ‹à´×͹µØÅÒ¤Á - ¸Ñ¹ÇÒ¤Á ¢Í§·Ø¡»‚ «Öè§à»š¹ª‹Ç§·Õè¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒÃÍÍ¡´Í¡ºÒ¹ÊоÃÑè§àµçÁÅíÒ¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò

28 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

ten years, many events have caused the reduction in prevalence of Plub Pleung Tharn, such as the theft of bulbs for illegal exportation as an ornamental plant and significant changes in the environment. Both human activities and climate change have led to dirtier and shallower streams. Consequently, Plub Pleung Tharn now faces significant risks of extinction.

Owing to these problems, a group of people in Tambol Nakar, Amphur Suk Sumrarn, Ranong Province, have come to realise the issues of the value and conservation of the plant. They have united so as to protect, maintain and conserve Plub Pleung Tharn. When they first established the group, there were only a few members.

Since then, they began campaigning and persuading other local people to appreciate the identity and value of this kind of plant. They have also created the ecological tourism activity “Rafting, Seeing the Only Plub Pleung Tharn in the World”. The number of members has significantly increased. With the support of many parties, such as Pa Srang Fhan Confederation of Ranong, they established the “Plern Pri Sri Nakar Confederation”, Nakar Subdistrict Administration Organization, and Nakar Wildlife Sanctuary. The

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅФÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ Balance and Diverse »˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃ¡Ñ É ¢Í§ªÁÃÁà¾ÅÔ ¹ ä¾Ã ÈÃÕ ¹ Ò¤Ò¡ç µ Œ Í §»ÃÐʺ »˜ Þ ËÒËÅÒ¤ÃÑ é § ¨Ò¡ ¤ÇÒÁ¢Ñ ´ áÂŒ § 㹡ÒÃ㪌 ¾×¹é ·Õè ઋ¹ ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¾×¹é ·Õè ¨Ò¡â¤Ã§¡ÒÃá¡Œ»˜ÞËÒ¨Ò¡ÀÑÂÊÖ¹ÒÁÔ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒâشÅÍ¡¤Åͧ㹾×é¹·Õè »ÃÐʺÀÑ«Öè§ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò´ŒÇ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂѧÁÕ»˜ÞËÒ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹Á×Í਌Ңͧ·Õè´Ô¹â´ÂÁÕ¤¹µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹à¢ŒÒÁÒ«×éÍ·Õè´Ô¹ºÃÔàdz ¢ŒÒ§¤Åͧ¹Ò¤ÒáÅŒÇÁÕ¡ÒõѡàÍÒËÔ¹áÅзÃÒÂ㹤ÅͧÁÒ¶Á·Õè ¢Í§µ¹àͧ´ŒÇ¤ÇÒÁÃٌ෋ÒäÁ‹¶Ö§¡Òó ËÃ×Í ¨Ò¡»ÃÒ¡¯¡Òó ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ · Õ è ¹ é í Ò ½¹ÁÕ » ÃÔ Á Ò³ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ Ò »¡µÔ Ê ‹ § ¼Åµ‹ Í ¨í Ò ¹Ç¹ »ÃЪҡâͧ¾Ñ¹¸Øä ÁŒª¹Ô´¹Õé ¨Ö§à»š¹àÃ×Íè §·Õ¹è Ò‹ ʹã¨ÈÖ¡ÉÒ໚¹Í‹ҧÂÔ§è Ç‹Ò¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒëÖè§ÍÂً㹤ÇÒÁàÊÕ觨ÐÊÒÁÒö´íÒç་Ҿѹ¸Ø ¢Í§ Áѹµ‹Íä»ä´Œ à¾ÃÒÐà¾Õ§ª‹Ç§àÇÅÒäÁ‹¶Ö§ÊÔº»‚¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒáçŴŧ àËÅ×ÍÍÂÙ‹¹ŒÍÂŧÍ‹ҧªÑ´à¨¹ »˜ÞËÒÊíÒ¤ÑÞ˹Ö觢ͧ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒÃã¹¾×é¹·Õè¹Õé¡ç¤×Í ¾×ªª¹Ô´¹ÕéÁÔ䴌໚¹¾×ªËǧˌÒÁ áÅÐ ¾×é¹·Õè·Õè¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒâÖé¹ÍÂÙ‹¡çäÁ‹ä´Œà»š¹¾×é¹·Õè»†Ò «Öè§äÁ‹ÁÕ¡®ËÁÒ ÁҤ،Á¤Ãͧ ᵋ´ŒÇ¡ÅÂØ·¸ ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇàªÔ§¹ÔàÇȹíÒ˹ŒÒ·íÒãËŒ »˜ÞËÒµ‹Ò§æ ä´ŒÃѺ¡ÒÃÃѺÃÙŒÊÙ‹Êѧ¤ÁÀÒ¹͡·ÕèÊ‹§¼ÅŒ͹¡ÅѺ ÁÒÊÙ‹ªØÁª¹·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´á¹ÇËÇÁËѹ¡ÅѺÁÒËÇÁÁ×ͨ¹·íÒãËŒªÁÃÁ ࢌÁá¢ç§ ¨¹ÊÒÁÒö¢ÂÒº·ºÒ·â´Âà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×͡Ѻ ˹‹Ç§ҹ¢Í§ÃÑ° ¤×Í à¢µÃÑ¡ÉҾѹ¸Ø ÊÑµÇ »†Ò¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡

promoted rafting activity (the raft is made from tyres or bamboo) is different from real adventure rafting. However, its attraction is to raft along the canal in the clean, transparent water. Both banks are full of beautiful and peaceful nature. The highlight is to see and experience the miracle of Plub Pleung Tharn, with its beautiful white flowers, swaying above the water while emitting its light fragrance. The green leaves are just like ribbons undulating across the water. They are greatly appreciated by all visitors.

The time for rafting to see Plub Pleung Tharn is from October until December each year. This is the blooming season for Plub Pleung Tharn in Klong Nakar.

At present, the conservation of Plern Pri Sri Nakar Confederation faces several problems because of conflict in utilizing the area. For example, the development of the Tsunami Alleviation Project requires dredging Klongs within affected areas, including Klong Nakar. Furthermore, there is an issue concerning land transfers caused by people from other communities who have bought land alongside Klong Nakar and have taken rocks and sand from

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 29

ªØÁª¹·Õèà¤ÂࢌÒä»ãªŒ»ÃÐ⪹ ઋ¹ µÑ´äÁŒ ÅÑ¡ÅͺŋÒÊÑµÇ »†Ò ä´ŒãËŒ¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×Í㹡ÒÃ͹ØÃ¡Ñ É ¾¹é× ·Õ»è Ò† ¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò à¾ÃÒЪÒǺŒÒ¹ ÃٌNjÒËÒ¡»Å‹Íµ‹Íä» ¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Ò÷Õè¾Ç¡à¢ÒÍصʋÒË ´ÙáÅÍÂÙ‹ÍÒ¨ ä´ŒÃѺ¼Å¡Ãзº¨Ò¡¡Ò÷íÒÅÒ»†ÒµŒ¹¹éíÒä´Œ¨Ö§ÁÕ¡Ò÷íÒ¤ÇÒÁ ࢌÒ㨡ѺªÒǺŒÒ¹¡ÅØ‹ÁÍ×è¹æ ·ÕèÂѧࢌÒä»Å‹ÒÊÑµÇ »†Ò áÅеѴäÁŒ ¨¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹»˜ÞËҴѧ¡Å‹ÒÇã¹¾×é¹·Õè¹Õé䴌ŴŧáÅСԨ¡ÃÃÁ¢Í§ ¾Ç¡à¢Ò¡çä´ŒáÊ´§ãËŒàË繶֧¡ÒÃÊÌҧÃÒ¡°Ò¹¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ¢Í§ ªØÁª¹·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¹Ñ蹤×Í ¡ÒÃãËŒàÂÒǪ¹ÁÒËÇÁ·íÒ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒôÙáÅ ¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Òà µÑé§áµ‹¡ÒÃà¡çºµŒ¹¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Ò÷Õè¶Ù¡¾Ñ´¾ÒËÅØ´ä» ÁÒ͹غÒÅäÇŒ áŌǹíÒ¡ÅѺ任ÅÙ¡¿„œ¹¿Ùã¹¾×é¹·Õè·Õè¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Òà ËÒÂä» ·íÒãËŒ»¨˜ ¨Øº¹Ñ ¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒÃÁÕ»ÃЪҡ÷Õàè ¾ÔÁè ¢Ö¹é áÁŒ»¨˜ ¨Øº¹Ñ ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉҢͧâ¤Ã§¡ÒÃÇԨѡÒûÃÐàÁԹʶҹÀÒ¾¾×ª·Õè¶Ù¡ ¤Ø¡¤ÒÁã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÀÒÂ㵌¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁÂØ·¸ÈÒʵà §Ò¹´ŒÒ¹¡Òà ÇԨѢͧ¡ÃÁÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ ÊÑµÇ »†ÒáÅоѹ¸Ø ¾×ª ¾ºÇ‹Ò¨íҹǹ »ÃЪҡÃà´ÔÁ¢Í§¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸Ò÷Õèà¤Â¾ºÁÕ¨íҹǹŴŧ â´Âã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2551 ¾ºÇ‹Ò¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´¾Ñ§§Ò㹺ÃÔàdz¤ÅͧµíÒ˹ѧ Áչ͌ Â¡Ç‹Ò 10 µŒ¹ ʋǹ㹨ѧËÇÑ´Ãйͧ ã¹¾×é¹·Õè͹ØÃÑ¡É ¤×Í ã¹à¢µ ÃÑ¡ÉҾѹ¸Ø ÊÑµÇ »†Ò¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò ¾ºã¹ºÃÔàdzÊíҹѡ§Ò¹¢Í§à¢µÏ ·Õè¹íÒÁÒ»ÅÙ¡ áÅкÃÔàdz˹‹ÇÂ¾Ô·Ñ¡É ºÒ§ÁѹÁÕ¨íҹǹ·Õ蹌ÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò 100 µŒ¹ áÅÐáËÅ‹§·ÕèÁÕàËÅ×ÍÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹¡ç ¤×Í ¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò ÁÕ¨íҹǹäÁ‹à¡Ô¹ 5,000 µŒ¹ áÅÐ໚¹¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèäÁ‹ä´Œ ÍÂÙ‹ã¹¾×é¹·Õè͹ØÃÑ¡É 30 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

the canal for use on their own land. There is also the problem of natural phenomena such as excessive rainfall and affects the number of plants. The next ten years will determine whether Plub Pleung Tharn can avoid becoming extinct. One important issue of Plub Pleung Tharn conservation is that the plant is not protected and its habitat is not classified as a forest area. So, the law cannot be used to protect it while ecological tourism has announced the problem to society at large. The local community has become concerned and now the Confederation has become strong enough to expand its role by cooperating with the government agency the Klong Nakar Wildlife Sanctuary. This has helped persuade people to cooperate in forest area conservation when before they were involved in illegal deforestation and illegal hunting. Local people now understand the issues much better and now try to help in talking to other people about the problems caused by hunting and deforestation. Now, the problems have been reduced and the local participation is seen as a key component of community conservation efforts.

Young people are now encouraged to participate in Plub Pleung Tharn conservation by gathering plants and then taking them to the best growing areas.

This has increased the number of flourishing plants. According to a current research project concerning threatened plants in Thailand, managed by the Department of National Park, Wildlife, and Plant Conservation Department, it was found that the original population of Plub Pleung has decreased. In 2008, there were fewer than ten plants around Klong Ta Nung, Phangnga. At Nakar Wildlife Sanctuary, which is a conservation area in Ranong, the plants are found within the district office area. There are also fewer than 100 plants. The remaining source of the plant, Klong Nakar, which is not part of the conservation area, has not more than 5,000 Plub Pleung plants.

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅФÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ Balance and Diverse ¡ÅØ‹ÁªØÁª¹¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Ò¹Ñºà»š¹µÑÇÍ‹ҧ˹Öè§ã¹ÍÕ¡ËÅÒ ªØÁª¹·ÕèáÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹Ç‹ÒÊÒÁÒö´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ·ÃѾÂÒ¡Ã ¢Í§·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ä´ŒáÁŒ¨ÐÍÂÙ‹·‹ÒÁ¡ÅÒ§¤ÇÒÁ¢Ñ´áÂŒ§ã¹ËÅÒ»˜ÞËÒ ã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ¾×ª¹Ñ鹺ҧ¤ÃÑé§ ¡ÒÃÁØ‹§ãªŒáµ‹à·¤â¹âÅÂÕËÃ×Í㪌¡®ËÁÒÂᵋà¾Õ§Í‹ Ò §à´Õ Â Ç ¤§äÁ‹ÊÒÁÒöᡌ»˜ÞËÒ䴌੡ઋ¹à´ÕÂǡѺ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ·ÃѾÂÒ¡Ã ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ»ÃÐàÀ·Í×è¹æ ·ÕèäÁ‹ÊÒÁÒöÁͧ´ŒÇÂÁÔµÔà´ÕÂÇä´Œ ËÒ¡ µŒÍ§ãªŒÁØÁÁͧã¹ËÅÒÂÁÔµÔà¾×èÍãËŒÊÒÁÒöËÒ¡ÅÂØ·¸ ·Õè¨Ð·íÒãËŒ ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ÊíÒàÃç¨ áÅзÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞ ¤×Í ¡ÒÃÁÕʋǹËÇÁ ¢Í§ªØÁª¹·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒõÃÐ˹ѡáÅÐÊíÒ¹Ö¡¶Ö§¤Ø³¤‹Ò¢Í§ÊÔ觷Õè ÁÕÍÂً㹪ØÁª¹·ÕèÊ‹§¼Å¼ÅÑ¡´Ñ¹ãËŒà¡Ô´¡Ãкǹ¡ÒäԴÍ‹ҧ໚¹ ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ áÅзÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¡Òá‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´»ÃÐ⪹ ·Ñ駷ҧµÃ§ áÅÐ ·Ò§ÍŒÍÁ¨Ðª‹ÇÂãËŒ¡Ãкǹ¡ÅØ‹Á͹ØÃÑ¡É ´íÒà¹Ô¹ä´ŒÍ‹ҧµ‹Íà¹×èͧ áÅÐÂÑè§Â×¹ â´Â˹‹Ç§ҹÃÒª¡Ò÷Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§à»š¹à¾Õ§¾ÕèàÅÕ駷Õè ¤Íª‹ÇÂàËÅ×Í àª‹¹ ¡ÒèѴ·íÒá¼¹¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè ·Õªè Ç‹ ÂãËŒ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¾×¹é ·Õºè ÃÔàdz¹Ñ¹é ໚¹ä»Í‹ҧàËÁÒÐÊÁ ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò ¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ¾×é¹·Õèâ´ÂÃͺ¤Åͧ¹Ò¤Òãˌ໚¹¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕ ·ÕèÅ´¡ÒÃ㪌ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕ ËÃ×Í¡ÒèѴ¡ÒùéíÒàÊÕÂÃдѺªØÁª¹ ¡ÒâÂÒ ¾Ñ¹¸Ø ¾×ªâ´Âà·¤â¹âÅÂÕà¾ÒÐàÅÕé§à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡ÒáíÒ˹´ ¢Õ´¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒÃÃͧÃѺ¢Í§¾×¹é ·Õµè Í‹ ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕÂè Ç â´Â˹‹Ç§ҹµ‹Ò§æ µŒÍ§à¢ŒÒã¨ã¹ÃкººÃÔËÒèѴ¡ÒâͧªØÁª¹ ¨Ö§¨ÐÊ‹§¼Å´ÕáÅÐà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹µ‹Í¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ¾×ª ÁԩйÑé¹ ¾ÅѺ¾ÅÖ§¸ÒÃÍÒ¨¨Ð໚¹µÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§Ë¹Ö§è ¢Í§¾×ª·Õ¨è Ф§àËÅ×Íᵋà¾Õ§ µÑÇÍ‹ҧ¾Ñ¹¸Ø äÁŒ·Õèà¡çºÃÑ¡ÉÒänjᵋ㹾ԾԸÀѳ± ¾×ª¢Í§ä·Â

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/ References

Pooma, R., S. Sudee, V. Ch mroon, N. Koonkhunthod, K. Phattarahirankanok, S. Sirimamomchu gko preliminary Check-list of threatened l and M. Poopath. 2005. A plants in Thailand.

Forest Herbarium. Bangkok.

Schulze, J. (1972). Crinum J. Schulze, a new aquatic species from Southeast Asiathainianum Tra ub, (eds.), Plant Life. The American Plant H.P. and H.N. Moldenke Life Society. Vol. 27: 33-42

Nakar community is an example demonstrating that local people can successfully conserve local resources while living among the conflicts and problems of today. Sometimes, for plant conservation, focusing only on technology or using the law is not always the right way to solve problems. In common with other forms of natural resource conservation, people cannot approach it just from one perspective. Multiple perspectives are required to locate strategies for appropriate conservation strategies. Another important aspect is community participation arising from the local environment and the awareness of issues involving it. Both direct and indirect benefits are produced and these help conservation groups proceed continuously and sustainably. Any responsible government agencies should provide assistance. Examples include creating an area development plan for appropriate conduct of development in such an area, agricultural development around the Klong Nakar area to use organic methods which reduce chemical usage, and waste management at community-level. Further, there are the issues of using plant tissue culture technology and the determination of the capacity of the area to support tourism activities. Each agency should understand the community management system to provide optimum results and sustainability in plant conservation. Otherwise, Plub Pleung Tharn would become one more of those local plants that may only be seen in a Thai plant museum.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 31

Å Ðà · Ò§ · § ÃÍ ¤ Á Œ Ø ¤ è Õ · ¹ é × Ð¾ Å á Ô µ ªÒ § ‹ Ë á ÍØ·ÂÒ¹ s a e r A d te c te o r P e in r a National Parks and M Worachananant* ´Ã. ÊتÒ Çê¹Ð¹Ñ¹· * / Dr. Suchai ã¹»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ˹‹Ç§ҹµ‹Ò§æ ¢Í§ÀÒ¤ÃÑ°ä´Œ´Òí à¹Ô¹¡ÒÃÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕÂè Çà¾×Íè ¡ÃеعŒ àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ áÅд֧à§Ô¹ÃÒÂ䴌ࢌÒÊÙ»‹ ÃÐà·È ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁÊí Ò ¤Ñ Þ ·Ò§´Œ Ò ¹àÈÃÉ°¡Ô ¨ ¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈáÅŒ Ç ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇÂѧÁÕʋǹ㹡ÒáÃШÒÂÃÒÂ䴌ŧÊÙ‹·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ äÁ‹Ç‹Ò ¨Ð໚¹¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¢Í§àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ªØÁª¹ÃдѺ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ã¹á§‹¢Í§ ¡Ô¨¡ÒÃÌҹÍÒËÒà ºŒÒ¹¾Ñ¡áÅСÒÃãËŒºÃÔ¡Òà µÅÍ´¨¹¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ µ‹Ò§æ ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ä»¨¹¶Ö§¡ÒþѲ¹ÒÈÑ¡ÂÀÒ¾¢Í§¾×é¹·Õèà¾×èÍ ÃͧÃѺ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ·Õèà¾ÔèÁÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ àª‹¹ ¡ÒÃÊÌҧ¶¹¹ ·‹ÒàÃ×Í âçáÃÁ ÊÔè§ÍíҹǤÇÒÁÊдǡµ‹Ò§æ µÅÍ´¨¹ÊÒ¸ÒóٻâÀ¤ ÃÇÁ件֧ʹÒÁºÔ¹¾Ò³ÔªÂ * ÀÒ¤ÇÔªÒÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵà ·Ò§·ÐàÅ ¤³Ð»ÃÐÁ§ ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂà¡ÉµÃÈÒʵà * Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University 32 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

Nowadays, government agencies have promoted tourism to stimulate the economy and generate extra income for the country. In addition to its economic importance to the country overall, tourism is influential in directing income to local communities in terms of restaurants, guesthouses and services, as well as activities related to the potential development of the local economy to support the growing tourism industry, for example, construction of roads, piers, hotels and other facilities, as well as utilities and a commercial airport.

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅФÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ Balance and Diverse Í‹ҧäáçµÒÁ ¡ÒÃÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇáÅСÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔÁÑ¡¨Ð໚¹àÃ×èͧÃÒÇ·Õè¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ¢Ñ´áÂŒ§¡Ñ¹ÍÂÙ‹ àÊÁÍã¹àÃ×èͧ¢Í§¡ÒÃ㪌»ÃÐ⪹ ã¹ÅѡɳТͧ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹ ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁáÅСÒûÃСͺÍÒªÕ¾ã¹à¢µ¾×é¹·Õèà´ÕÂǡѹ àÁ×èÍ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ ·ÕèᵋÅн†Ò¡ÃзíÒ¢Öé¹ä»¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¼Å¡Ãзºã¹·Ò§Åºµ‹Í¡Òà ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ¢Í§¼ÙŒÍ×è¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé àÁ×èÍÁÕ¡ÒÃ㪌»ÃÐ⪹ ¨Ò¡ ¾×é¹·Õè ÊÔ觷ÕèËÅÕ¡àÅÕè§äÁ‹ä´Œ¡ç¤×Í ¼Å¡Ãзº·Õèà¡Ô´¢Ö鹡Ѻ·ÃѾÂÒ¡Ã ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ㹺ÃÔàdz¹Ñ¹é áÅÐäÁ‹ãª‹àÃ×Íè §§‹Ò·ըè СÃеعŒ ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇãËŒ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒþÌÍÁæ 仡Ѻ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ·ÃѾÂÒ¡Ã ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèÁÕÅѡɳзҧ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèÊÁºÙó ÁÑ¡¨Ð໚¹ ¾×¹é ·Õàè »‡ÒËÁÒÂ㹡ÒÃ͹ØÃ¡Ñ É áÅÐã¹¢³Ðà´ÕÂǡѹ¡ç໚¹à»‡ÒËÁÒ ÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ´ŒÇÂઋ¹¡Ñ¹ ¾×é¹·Õè·ÐàÅáÅЪÒ½˜›§à»š¹ÍÕ¡ºÃÔàdz˹Ö觷ÕèÁÑ¡¨ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ ¢Ñ´áÂŒ§ã¹á§‹¢Í§¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇáÅСÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ÁÒâ´ÂµÅÍ´ ·ÐàŢͧ»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¨Ö§¶Ù¡ãªŒà»š¹¨Ø´¢ÒÂã¹àÃ×èͧ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ ãËŒ¡Ñº¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ·Ñé§ã¹áÅе‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È ͧ¤ ¡Ã´ŒÒ¹¡Òà ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇËÅÒÂáË‹§ÁÕ¡ÒáíÒ˹´à»‡ÒËÁÒ·Õè¨Ðà¾ÔèÁ¨íҹǹ ¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇãËŒÁÒ¡¢Öé¹à¾×èÍ´Ö§à§Ô¹µÃÒ¨Ò¡¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕèÂǵ‹Ò§ªÒµÔ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ˹‹Ç§ҹʋǹ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹áÅЪØÁª¹ËÅÒÂáË‹§·ÕèàÅç§àËç¹ ¶Ö§ÈÑ¡ÂÀҾ㹾×é¹·Õè¢Í§µ¹Âѧ¾ÂÒÂÒÁ·Õ¨è оѲ¹ÒÈÑ¡ÂÀÒ¾¢Í§ ¾×é¹·Õèà¾×èÍÃͧÃѺ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ·Õè¨Ð¢ÂÒµÑÇà¾ÔèÁÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ ¾×é¹·Õè ÃÔÁ½˜›§·ÐàÅ·Õè¶Ù¡¾Ñ²¹Òänjᵋà´ÔÁ‹ÍÁäÁ‹à¾Õ§¾Í·Õè¨ÐÃͧÃѺ »ÃÔÁÒ³¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕÂè Ç·Õàè ¾ÔÁè ¢Ö¹é Í‹ҧÃÇ´àÃçÇ ¡ÒÃÃØ¡ÅéÒí ¾×¹é ·Õ¸è ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ‹ÍÁÂÒ¡·Õ¨è ÐËÅÕ¡àÅÕÂè § ã¹»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ »˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃÃØ¡ÅéÒí ¾×¹é ·Õ¸è ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ÃÔÁ½˜›§·ÐàŨ֧໚¹»˜ÞËÒÊíÒ¤ÑÞ»ÃСÒÃ˹Ö觷ÕèÊ‹§¼Å¡Ãзºµ‹Í ·ÃѾÂҡ÷ҧ·ÐàÅáÅЪÒ½˜›§ äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨Ð໚¹¡ÒÃÃØ¡ÅéíÒà¾×èÍÊÌҧ ·Õè¾Ñ¡¡ÒÃÊÌҧÊÒ¸ÒóٻâÀ¤µ‹Ò§æ µÅÍ´¨¹¡ÒÃÊÌҧáËÅ‹§ à¡çº¡Ñ¡¹éíҨ״à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁà¾×èÍÃͧÃѺ¡ÒâÂÒµÑǢͧ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ

However, promoting tourism and nature conservation are often the cause of conflict about the utilization of resources when the activity causes negative impacts on the lives of others. Furthermore, when the area is utilized there is one thing that is undeniable; the impacts on the natural resources and environment of the area can be severe. It is not that easy to stimulate tourism while also promoting the conservation of natural resources. Areas rich in natural resources are often considered both important areas for conservation efforts to take place while at the same time being popular tourist destinations.

Marine and coastal areas are often places that witness conflicts between tourism and conservation.

Thailand’s marine areas are frequently used as places to attract both domestic and international visitors. Many travel agents are now attempting actively to increase the number of foreign tourists in order to increase their revenue. Local agencies and communities who appreciate the potential of their areas may try hard to develop that area so as to stimulate more tourism. However, an increasing number of tourists may not be sustained by the developed coastal areas. Encroachment on other areas, therefore, becomes almost inevitable.

This is currently one of the major problems affecting marine and coastal resources, including poaching of land to build more accommodation and public utility construction, as well as provision of more freshwater for tourists.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 33

ã¹¢³Ð·Õ軘ÞËÒ¡ÒÃÃØ¡ÅéíÒ¾×é¹·ÕèªÒ½˜›§·ÐàÅÁÕ¡ÒâÂÒµÑÇ ¢Öé¹Í‹ҧÃÇ´àÃçÇ Ë¹‹Ç§ҹÀÒ¤ÃÑ°·ÕèÁÕ˹ŒÒ·ÕèËÅѡ㹡Òä،Á¤Ãͧ ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔ ÍÒ·Ô ¡ÃÁÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ ÊÑµÇ »†Ò áÅоѹ¸Ø¾ ª× áÅСÃÁ·ÃѾÂҡ÷ҧ·ÐàÅáÅЪÒ½˜§› ä´Œ¾ÂÒÂÒÁ ·Õè¨Ðà¾ÔèÁ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀҾ㹡Òä،Á¤ÃͧÊÀÒ¾¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔâ´Â¡Òà »ÃСÒȾ×é¹·Õè͹ØÃÑ¡É à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁâ´ÂÍÒÈÑ¡®ÃÐàºÕºµ‹Ò§æ ·ÕèÁÕÍÂÙ‹ ã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹«Öè§ÁÕ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 18 ©ºÑº ÍÒ·Ô ¾ÃÐÃÒªºÑÞÞÑµÔ ¡ÒûÃÐÁ§ ¾.È. 2490 ¾ÃÐÃÒªºÑÞÞѵÔÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ ¾.È. 2504 ¾ÃÐÃÒªºÑÞÞѵÔʧǹáÅФ،Á¤ÃͧÊÑµÇ »†Ò ¾.È. 2535 ¾ÃÐÃÒªºÑÞÞѵԻ†ÒʧǹáË‹§ªÒµÔ ¾.È. 2508 ¾ÃÐÃÒªºÑÞÞÑµÔ »†ÒäÁŒ ¾.È. 2484 ¾ÃÐÃÒªºÑÞÞѵԾѲ¹Ò·Õè´Ô¹ ¾.È. 2526 áÅоÃÐÃÒªºÑÞÞѵÊÔ §‹ àÊÃÔÁáÅÐÃÑ¡ÉҤسÀÒ¾ÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáË‹§ªÒµÔ ¾.È. 2535 à»ç ¹µŒ¹ Í‹ҧäáçµÒÁ¡®ËÁÒµ‹Ò§æ àËÅ‹Ò ¹Õ é ʋǹãËދ໚¹¡ÒõÑ駢Öé¹ÁÒà¾×èͨíÒ¡Ñ´¢Íºà¢µ¢Í§¡ÒþѲ¹Ò ¾×é¹·Õè áÅШíÒ¡Ñ´ÃٻẺ¢Í§¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ·ÕèÊÒÁÒö¡ÃзíÒä´Œã¹à¢µ ͹ØÃÑ¡É « Ö è § â´Â·Ñ è Ç ä»ÁÑ¡¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´·Ñȹ¤µÔã¹àªÔ§Åºá¡‹ ¼ Ù Œ ã ªŒ »ÃÐ⪹ ã¹¾×é¹·ÕèáÅС‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ¢Ñ´áÂŒ§¡Ñº¼ÙŒãªŒ»ÃÐ⪹ ´Ñé§à´ÔÁ ÍÒ·Ô ¡ÒÃËŒÒÁ·íÒ¡ÒûÃÐÁ§ã¹à¢µÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ ¡ÒÃËŒÒÁ»ÃСͺ¡Ô¨¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ㹺ҧºÃÔàdz ¡ÒÃËŒÒÁ¡‹ÍÊÌҧ ÊÔ觻ÅÙ¡ÊÌҧ¶ÒÇÃã¹à¢µÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ ໚¹µŒ¹ Í‹ҧäáçµÒÁ àÁ×èÍ˹‹Ç§ҹ·ÕèÃѺ¼Ô´ªÍº¾ÂÒÂÒÁ»ÃСÒÈ à¢µÍ¹ØÃ¡Ñ É à¾ÔÁè ÁÒ¡¢Ö¹é ¾×¹é ·Õãè ªŒÊÍ´ѧé à´ÔÁ‹ÍÁÅ´¹ŒÍÂ仵ÒÁʋǹ áÁŒÇ‹Ò¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒùíÒ·ÄɮաÒÃẋ§à¢µ¡ÒÃ㪌»ÃÐ⪹ ࢌÒÁÒ ª‹ÇÂá¡Œ»˜ÞËÒ áµ‹»˜ÞËÒàËÅ‹Ò¹Õé¡çÂѧäÁ‹ä´ŒÃѺ¡ÒÃá¡Œä¢Í‹ҧÁÕ »ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¾×é¹·Õè´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇÂѧ¤§ÍÂÙ‹ÀÒÂ㵌¡®ËÁÒ ©ºÑºà´ÔÁ «Öè§ÁÕ¢ŒÍºÑ§¤Ñº·Õè¨íÒ¡Ñ´¢Íºà¢µ¤ÇÒÁÂ×´ËÂØ‹¹¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè µÑÇÍ‹ҧ˹Ö觷ÕèàËç¹ä´ŒªÑ´¤×Í ¤ÇÒÁ¾ÂÒÂÒÁ·Õè¨Ð»ÃСÒȾ×é¹·Õè ÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ·Ò§·ÐàÅãËŒ¤Ãͺ¤ÅØÁ¾×é¹·ÕèªÒ½˜›§Íѹ´ÒÁѹ ãËŒÁÒ¡·ÕÊè ´Ø à¾×Íè ÃÑ¡ÉÒÊÀÒ¾·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅ ã¹¢³Ðà´ÕÂǡѹ¾×é¹·ÕèºÒ§áË‹§ä´ŒÁÕ¡ÒÃ㪌»ÃÐ⪹ ¨Ò¡ªØÁª¹ ·ŒÍ§¶Ô¹è ã¹ÃٻẺµ‹Ò§æ ÁÒ¡‹Í¹Ë¹ŒÒ·Õ¨è ÐÁÕ¡ÒûÃСÒȵѧé ໚¹à¢µ ¾×é¹·ÕèÍØ·ÂÒ¹Ï ¹Ñé¹æ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¢ŒÍ¡®ËÁÒ·Õè¢Ò´¤ÇÒÁÂ×´ËÂØ‹¹ ÊÔ§è Ë¹Ö§è ·ÕËè ¹‹Ç§ҹ·ÕÃè ºÑ ¼Ô´ªÍºÊÒÁÒö¡ÃзíÒä´Œ¡¤ç Í× ¡ÒûÃСÒÈ à»š¹à¢µ¾×é¹·Õè¡Ñ¹ÍÍ¡ ËÃ×ÍËŒÒÁ¡ÒÃ㪌»ÃÐ⪹ â´ÂÊÔé¹àªÔ§ «Öè§ ·Ñé§ÊͧÇÔ¸Õ¹Õé‹ÍÁ¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¼Å¡Ãзºã¹á§‹ÅºÍ‹ҧËÅÕ¡àÅÕè§äÁ‹ä´Œ ÇÔ¸¡Õ ÒÃá¡Œ»Þ˜ ËҴѧ¡Å‹ÒÇÃÙ»áººË¹Ö§è ·Õàè »š¹·Õ¹è ÂÔ Áã¹»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ¤×Í ¡ÒèѴµÑ駾×é¹·Õè¤ØŒÁ¤Ãͧ·Ò§·ÐàÅà¾×èÍ¡ÒèѴ¡Ò÷ÃѾÂÒ¡Ã «Ö§è ໚¹ÃٻẺ¢Í§¡ÒèѴ¡ÒÃ¾×¹é ·Õ·è àèÕ ¹Œ¹ÅѡɳТͧ¡ÒÃ㪌»ÃÐ⪹ ໚¹ËÅÑ¡ µÑÇÍ‹ҧ˹Ö觢ͧ¾×é¹·Õèã¹ÅѡɳйÕé 䴌ᡋ Great Barrier Reef Marine Park »ÃÐà·ÈÍÍÊàµÃàÅÕ ·ÕèÁÕÅѡɳР¡ÒèѴ¡ÒÃ¾×¹é ·ÕËè ÅÒÂæ ÃдѺµÒÁ¢Íºà¢µ¡ÒÃ㪌»ÃÐ⪹ â´ÂÁÕ à¢µ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèÁÕÃдѺã¡ÅŒà¤Õ§¡ÑºÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹Ë¹Öè§ 34 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

As the problem of encroachment of coastal areas expands, government agencies have the duty to protect natural resources. For example, the Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP), as well as the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, have together tried to increase their efficiency in protecting nature by declaring additional conservation areas under the current rules that consist of 18 documents, including the Fisheries Act B.E. 2490, the National Parks Act B.E. 2504, the Wildlife Conservation and Protection Act B.E. 2535, the National Forest Act B.E. 2508, the Forestry Act B.E. 2484, the Land Development Act B.E. 2526 and the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535, among others.

Most of these laws are set up to limit the scope of development as well as to restrict the type and amount of activities that can take place in conservative areas. Generally, these result in negative attitudes among the original users and then some conflict. For example, the fishery ban in the designated national park, the tourism prohibition in certain areas, the prohibition of permanent building construction in the national park and others all negatively affect the long-term residents.

When agencies take the responsibility to declare areas to be under conservation notices, the utility of those areas to long-term residents is thereby decreased. Although Zoning Theory is intended to solve this problem, it is not able to do so efficiently because traditional laws are in effect and these limit the scope of flexibility. One clear example of this is the attempt to declare a marine national park area covering the Andaman Sea coastal region so as to keep the natural resources in sustainable balance. Meanwhile, some areas are utilized by members of the local community who have been doing so prior to the declaration owing to that flexibility. What the responsible agencies can do is to declare completely prohibited areas or to exclude utilization of the area altogether. Consequently, both methods inevitably cause negative effects.

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅФÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ Balance and Diverse ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè¤ØŒÁ¤Ãͧ·Ò§·ÐàÅ áÅÐÁÕ¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèÊÒÁÒö·íÒ¡ÒûÃÐÁ§ 㹺ҧÃٻẺ䴌 µÅÍ´¨¹¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèÊÒÁÒö¾Ñ²¹ÒÈÑ¡ÂÀÒ¾à¾×èÍ ÃͧÃѺ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ·Õè໚¹Íաʋǹ˹Öè§ã¹¾×é¹·Õè¤ØŒÁ¤Ãͧ·Ò§·ÐàÅ ÅѡɳТͧ¡ÒûÃСÒÈࢵ¾×é¹·Õè¤ØŒÁ¤Ãͧ·Ò§·ÐàÅã¹ÅѡɳйÕé ä´ŒÃºÑ ¼Å¡ÃзºàªÔ§Åº¨Ò¡¼Ù»Œ ÃСͺ¡ÒùŒÍÂÁÒ¡àÁ×Íè à»ÃÕºà·Õº ¡Ñº¡ÒèѴ¡ÒÃÃٻẺÍ×è¹ â´ÂàÁ×èÍ·Ò§¡ÒÃÍÍÊàµÃàÅÕ»ÃСÒÈ á¼¹¾×é¹·Õè¤ØŒÁ¤Ãͧ¹ÕéÍÍ¡ÁÒã¹ »‚ ¤.È. 1983 ¾×é¹·Õè»ÃÐÁÒ³ ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 5 ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè¤ØŒÁ¤Ãͧ·Ñé§ËÁ´¶×Í໚¹à¢µàÊÁ×͹ÍØ·ÂÒ¹ áË‹§ªÒµÔ«Öè§ËŒÒÁ»ÃСͺ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ·Õè¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¼Å¡Ãзºµ‹Í ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·Ñé§ËÅÒ ઋ¹ ¡Òõ¡»ÅÒ ¡Ò÷íÒ¡ÒûÃÐÁ§µ‹Ò§æ ¢³Ð·Õ¾è ¹é× ·ÕÍè ¹è× æ ¶×Í໚¹à¢µ·ÕÂè §Ñ ÁÕ¡ÒÃ㪌»ÃÐ⪹ 㹺ҧÃٻẺ ä´ŒµÒÁ»¡µÔ ¼Ù»Œ ÃСͺ¡ÒÃã¹¾×¹é ·Õ¨è §Ö äÁ‹ä´ŒÃºÑ ¼Å¡ÃзºÁÒ¡¹Ñ¡ ã¹¢³Ðà´ÕÂǡѹ¾×é¹·Õè·Õèä´ŒÃѺ¡Òä،Á¤ÃͧÍ‹ҧࢌÁ§Ç´´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ ¡ç໚¹áËÅ‹§·Õ誋ÇÂ㹡ÒÃʧǹÃÑ¡ÉÒáÅТÂÒ¾ѹ¸Ø ¢Í§ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµ µ‹Ò§æ äÇŒ ¨¹àÁ× è Í àÇÅÒ¼‹Ò¹ä» 20 »Õ »ÃЪҪ¹¨Ö § ä´Œ »ÃÐ¨Ñ¡É ¶Ö§¤Ø³¤‹Ò¢Í§¡Òä،Á¤Ãͧ¾×é¹·ÕèÍ‹ҧࢌÁ§Ç´ (¨íҹǹ »ÅÒ·Õèà¾ÔèÁÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ µÅÍ´¨¹ÃÒÂä´Œ¨Ò¡¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ·ÕèÊÙ§¢Öé¹) ·Ò§¡ÒÃÍÍÊàµÃàÅÕ¨֧䴌»ÃСÒÈ¢ÂÒÂࢵ¾×é¹·Õè͹ØÃÑ¡É à¾ÔèÁ¨Ò¡ ÃŒÍÂÅÐ 5 ໚¹ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒÃŒÍÂÅÐ 20 à¾×èÍà¾ÔèÁ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ 㹡Òä،Á¤Ãͧ «Öè§ã¹¡ÒûÃСÒȤÃÑ駹Õéä´ŒÃѺàÊÕ§ʹѺʹع¨Ò¡ ·Ø¡ÀҤʋǹ໚¹Í‹ҧ´Õ àÁ×èÍŒ͹¡ÅѺÁÒ´Ù¡ÒèѴ¡Òþ×é¹·Õè㹺ŒÒ¹àÃÒ ã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ à¡ÒÐä¡Å½˜›§¨íҹǹÁÒ¡ä´ŒÃѺ¡ÒûÃСÒÈ໚¹¾×é¹·ÕèÍØ·ÂÒ¹ áË‹§ªÒµÔ ã¹¢³Ð·Õè¤ÇÒÁ¾ÂÒÂÒÁ㹡ÒûÃСÒȾ×é¹·ÕèÍØ·ÂÒ¹ áË‹§ªÒµÔºÃÔàdzªÒ½˜›§·Ðàŵ‹Ò§æ ä´ŒÃѺ¡ÃÐáʤѴ¤ŒÒ¹¨Ò¡ ªØÁª¹¼ÙŒãªŒ»ÃÐ⪹ µ‹Ò§æ ໚¹¨íҹǹÁÒ¡ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¢ŒÍºÑ§¤Ñº ¢Í§ ¾ÃÐÃÒªºÑÞÞѵÔÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ·Õè» ´¡Ñ鹡ÒÃ㪌»ÃÐ⪹ ·Õèà¤Â»¯ÔºÑµÔÁÒᵋ´Ñé§à´ÔÁ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õ¡é ÒûÃСÒÈ໚¹¾×é¹·Õè¡Ñ¹ÍÍ¡ ÂѧÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂã¹á§‹¢Í§¡Ò÷ÕèªØÁª¹¼ÙŒãªŒ»ÃÐ⪹ à´ÔÁ໚¹ ¼ÙŒ¡ÃзíÒ¼Ô´ ᵋ䴌ÃѺ¡ÒáàÇŒ¹µÒÁ¢ŒÍ¡íÒ˹´¢Í§Í¸Ôº´Õ ¡ÃÁÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔÏ «Öè§à»š¹¡ÒÃÊÌҧ·Ñȹ¤µÔ᧋źᡋªØÁª¹ ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ àÃÒ¤§µŒÍ§ÂŒÍ¹¡ÅѺÁÒÁͧ´ÙÇ‹Òá·Œ·Õè¨ÃÔ§áŌǹâºÒ àËÅ‹Ò¹Õ¡é Òí ÅѧµŒÍ§¡ÒÃÍÐäà àÃÒ¡íÒÅѧµŒÍ§¡ÒÃ¾×¹é ·Õ¤è ÁŒØ ¤Ãͧ·Ò§·ÐàÅ ËÃ×ÍÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ¡Ñ¹á¹‹ àÁ×èÍ¡®ÃÐàºÕºµ‹Ò§æ ¢Í§ÍØ·ÂÒ¹ áË‹§ªÒµÔÏ äÁ‹ÊÒÁÒöÂ×´ËÂØ‹¹µÒÁÅѡɳзҧÊѧ¤ÁáÅСÒà ¾Ñ²¹Ò·Õèà»ÅÕèÂ¹ä» ¶Ö§àÇÅÒáÅŒÇËÃ×ÍÂѧ·Õè¨ÐÁÕ¡®ËÁÒÂ੾ÒÐ ÊíÒËÃѺ¾×é¹·Õè¤ØŒÁ¤Ãͧ·Ò§·ÐàÅáÅШѴµÑ駤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡Òþ×é¹·Õè ¤ØŒÁ¤Ãͧ·Ò§·ÐàÅáË‹§ªÒµÔà¾×èÍ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¡Ò÷ÕèÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ áÅÐ໚¹ÃÙ»¸ÃÃÁ

One popular solution currently employed for this problem is the Managed Resource Protected Area method, which is a form of area management focused on the characteristics of utilization. One example of this is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia, which divide the affected area into different levels depending on the scope of utilization. The boundaries of the area are close to the conservation park zone and are part of the protected marine area, while some areas are set aside for limited amounts of fishing. Some areas are also set aside for development of potential for the tourism industry. This model initially received some complaints from entrepreneurs. The plan was announced by the Australian Government in 1983 and five percent of the total protected area is counted as a restricted used national park and here some activities that have a negative impact on the environment, including fishing are prohibited. Other areas are available for normal use, depending on circumstances.

So, local entrepreneurs are not affected very greatly.

In the meantime, strictly protected areas are used to help to conserve and breed wildlife. After twenty years, people have realized the value of the strict protection of the area since the number of fish is increasing while tourism income has also improved. Consequently, the Australian Government has decided to expand the conservation area from five percent of the total to more than 20 percent, which would increase the efficiency of the conservation processes. This declaration has been welcomed by all sectors of the population.

In Thailand, many islands have been declared as National Parks. These declarations cause some unfavorable attitude by many long-term residents because National Park status bars utilization of the area. Moreover, the exclusion defines the local community as being the potential perpetrator of exploitation of the protected area. However, exceptions are made by the DNP and this causes additional resentment among the local community. It is necessary to look back to work out what the purpose of these policies is. While there is a great need for marine protected areas and National Parks, there is also a need for a sensitive and flexible use of the laws for efficiency and to promote good relations, which is why it is necessary to establish the Committee of National Marine Protected Areas to take the necessary effective and concrete actions. Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 35

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Travelling ten kilometers on Chiang Mai - Maejo University, Highway Number 100 and then keep going for a further four kilometers along the way past the rear of the university, there can be found the destination of the editors of Thailand’s nature and environment journal, “Ban Pong Ecologically-Oriented Agricultural Tourism Club” of Tambon Papai, Amphoe Sunsai, Chiang Mai.

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Banpong Conservation Community: Productivity from Generation to Generation

“ªØÁª¹ºŒÒ¹â»§” ªØÁª¹·Õè´íÒçÍÂÙ‹Í‹ҧ¼ÒÊØ¡´ŒÇ¤ÇÒÁ ÊÒÁѤ¤Õ ÍѸÂÒÈÑÂäÁµÃÕ¨Ôµ ¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂÊÅÐ áÅФÇÒÁ¾Íà¾Õ§ µÒÁá¹Ç¾ÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÔáË‹§Í§¤ ¾ÃкҷÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐ਌ÒÍÂÙ‹ËÑÇ ¨¹ÊÒÁÒöÊÌҧ¼Å¼ÅÔµÁËÒÈÒÅ·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×ͧ͢ ªØÁª¹¡ÅÒÂ໚¹»†Ò¼×¹ãËÞ‹·Õ請͹µÑÇÍÂÙ‹·‹ÒÁ¡ÅÒ§¤ÇÒÁà¨ÃÔÞ äÁ‹ä¡Å¨Ò¡µÑÇàÁ×ͧàªÕ§ãËÁ‹¹Ñ¡ 36 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

The Banpong community lives happily in a state of cohesion, mutual goodwil , self-sacrifice and sufficiency by following the royal thought of His Majesty the King. The community collaboration has set an example of an extraordinary product a homogeneous coexistence of and civilization a large area of forest nearby the capital of Chiang Mai.

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅФÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ Balance and Diverse à´ÔÁ·ÕªØÁª¹ºŒÒ¹â»§à»š¹ªØÁª¹ªÒÇä·ÂãËÞ‹·Õè;¾ŒÒ ࢌÒÁÒµÑ駶Ôè¹°Ò¹·Õè¹ÕèàÁ×èÍ»ÃÐÁÒ³¡Ç‹Ò 100 »‚¡‹Í¹ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ àËç¹Ç‹Ò¾×é¹·Õèʋǹ¹Õé໚¹»†Ò·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÍØ´ÁÊÁºÙó ¨Ö§àÅ×Í¡µÑé§Ã¡ÃÒ¡ áÅС‹ÍµÑ駪ØÁª¹¢Öé¹ ³ ºÃÔàdz¹Õé µ‹ÍÁÒÀÒÂËÅѧàÃÔèÁÁÕªÒǺŒÒ¹ ¨Ò¡ Í.´ÍÂÊÐà¡ç´ ¨.àªÕ§ÃÒ áÅÐ ¨.ÅíÒ¾Ù¹ ;¾ŒÒÂࢌÒÁÒ ÍÂً㹪ØÁª¹à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ ·íÒãËŒªØÁª¹àÃÔèÁ¢ÂÒµÑǡnjҧáÅÐà¡Ô´¡Òà ¼ÊÁ¼ÊÒ¹¢Í§àª×éͪҵÔä·ÂáÅЪÒÇä·ÂãËÞ‹ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§·Ò§Êѧ¤ÁÀÒÂ㹪ØÁª¹¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ;¾ ŒҶԹè ࢌÒÁҢͧ¤¹ÀÒ¹͡ ·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´»˜ÞËÒ¡ÒõѴäÁŒ·Òí ÅÒ»†Ò ¾‹ÍËÅǧÊѹµÔ¼ÙŒ¡‹ÍµÑ駪ØÁª¹àÅç§àË繤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É áÅдÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒ»†Ò ¨Ö§àÃÕ¡»ÃЪØÁËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹à¾×è͵Ñ駡®¡µÔ¡Ò·ÕèàÍ×éÍ µ‹Í¡ÒôÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒ»†Ò ÍÒ·Ô µŒÍ§µÑ´äÁŒ·ÕèµÒÂáÅŒÇà·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ à»š¹µŒ¹ «Öè§ã¹¢³Ð¹Ñ鹶×Í໚¹¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒôÙáÅ»†Òâ´Â¡íÒÅѧ¢Í§¤¹ ÀÒÂ㹪ØÁª¹àͧ ÂѧäÁ‹ÁÕ˹‹Ç§ҹ·Ò§ÃÒª¡Òà ઋ¹ ¡ÃÁ»†ÒäÁŒ ࢌÒÁÒ´ÙáÅ ´ŒÇ¡®ÀÒÂã¹ËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹·ÕèÇ‹Ò ËÒ¡ÁÕã¤ÃࢌÒÁҵѴäÁŒ ·íÒÅÒ»†Ò ªÒǺŒÒ¹¨ÐÃÇÁµÑǡѹࢌҨѺ¡ØÁ¤¹ÃŒÒÂáŌǹíÒÊ‹§·Ò§¡Òà ¹Õèàͧ¨Ö§¹Ñºà»š¹¨Ø´àÃÔèÁµŒ¹¢Í§¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ»†Ò¢Í§ªÒǺŒÒ¹â»§ ·ÕèÊ׺·Í´ÁÒµÑé§áµ‹ª¹ªÒǺŒÒ¹â»§ÃØ‹¹ááµÃÒº¨¹¶Ö§»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ¡ÒèѴ¡ÒÃͺÃÁàÃ×èͧ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇàªÔ§¹ÔàÇȶ١ÃÇÁࢌÒ໚¹ ËÅÑ¡Êٵ÷ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ã¹âçàÃÕ¹ áÅШѴãËŒà´ç¡ã¹ªØÁª¹·íÒ˹ŒÒ·Õè ÁѤ¤Øà·È¡ ¹ÍŒ ¤ÍÂá¹Ð¹íÒáÅÐÍíҹǤÇÒÁÊдǡᡋ¹¡Ñ ·‹Í§à·ÕÂè Ç »ÅÙ¡½˜§ãËŒà´ç¡ÀÒÂ㹪ØÁª¹àÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É »†Ò ÃÑ¡·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ àÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ»ÃÐÇѵÔáÅлÃÐླÕÇѲ¹¸ÃÃÁà¡ÕèÂǡѺªØÁª¹ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§ àÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ¡Òö‹Ò·ʹ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒà¾×èÍÊÌҧ¨ÔµÊíÒ¹Ö¡µ‹Í»†ÒÊ׺·Í´ ä»Âѧ¤¹µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹ à»š¹Íա˹Ö觡Ԩ¡ÃÃÁ¢Í§ªØÁª¹·ÕèÂѧ¤§äÁ‹ËÂØ´ à˧ÊÌҧ¡ÃÐáÊÊíÒ¹Ö¡ÃÑ¡É ¹Õéãˌᡋà´ç¡ã¹ªØÁª¹à¾×èÍÊ׺·Í´á¡‹ ÅÙ¡ËÅÒ¹ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ

Originally, Banpong community was created by a group of migrating Shan people who settled down there more than 100 years ago. As the area is a fertile forest, they chose to put down roots and establish a community. After the migration of people from Amphoe Doi Saket, Chiang Rai and from Lamphun province to this area, the community boundary expanded greatly and there was a new mixture of Thai and Shan people.

Since the migration of people into a community can cause the problem of deforestation, Phra Santi, a community leader, who is also a Buddhist monk, sees the importance of forest conservation and maintenance. He called for a village meeting in order to set the rules that go along with forest maintenance.

For example, the wood to be cut for lumber should come from dead trees alone. In the meantime, there was no government agency, such as Department of Forestry, coming to take care of the forest and so it was the locals who had to take responsibility for it.

When anyone threatens to commit deforestation, the local people will arrest and send the lawbreaker to government authorities. This is the foundation of forest maintenance in Banpong that has been passed down from the first generation until the present.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 37

“ã¹àÃ×èͧ¢Í§¡ÒôÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒ»†Ò ¤¹·ÕèàÃÔèÁ¡‹ÍµÑ駪ØÁª¹ à¢Ò¨Ð ÍÂÙ‹¡Ñ¹à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á ¾ÍàÃÔèÁÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¢Í§Êѧ¤Áà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ ÁÕ¤¹ÀÒ¹͡ࢌÒÁÒÍÂÙ‹¡çàÃÔèÁÁÕ¡ÒõѴäÁŒ·íÒÅÒ»†Ò ¾ÍÍ‹ҧ¹Õé ¾‹ÍËÅǧÊѹµÔ ¤¹·ÕèàÃÔèÁ¡‹ÍµÑ駪ØÁª¹áÅÐ໚¹ª¹ªÒÇä·ÂãËÞ‹ ¡çàÃÕ¡¤¹ã¹ªØÁª¹«Ö觵͹¹Ñé¹ÁÕäÁ‹àÂÍÐ ÁÒµÑ駡µÔ¡ÒÇ‹Ò àÍ Ð ·íÒÂѧ䧴Õà¡ÕèÂǡѺàÃ×èͧ¡ÒôÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒ»†Ò¹ÕéãËŒ¤§ÍÂÙ‹ ¡çÁÒµÑ駡®¡Ñ¹ ¢Öé¹ÁÒÇ‹Ò Ë¹Ö觺ŒÒ¹¨ÐµŒÍ§µÑ´äÁŒ·ÕèµÒÂáÅŒÇà·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ áÅжŒÒÁÕ ã¤ÃࢌÒÁҵѴäÁŒ·íÒÅÒ»†Ò ªÒǺŒÒ¹¡ç¨ÐÃÇÁµÑǡѹ仨ѺáŌǹíÒ Ê‹§·Ò§¡Òà Íѹ¹Õé໚¹¡ÅØ‹Ááá·Õè·íÒ áÅŒÇà¢Ò¡çÊ׺·Í´ÁÒàÃ×èÍÂæ ¨¹¶Ö§ÃØ‹¹¡ÅÒ§ ¶Ö§»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ áÅÐÁÕ¡ÒÃÊ׺·Í´¶Ö§ÃØ‹¹à´ç¡ ¤×Íã¹ âçàÃÕ¹¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃͺÃÁËÅÑ¡Êٵ÷ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹àÃ×èͧ¡ÒèѴ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ ÁѤ¤Øà·È¡ ¹ŒÍ ªÒǺŒÒ¹à¢Ò¡ç¤Ø¡ѹNjҨзíÒÂѧä§ãËŒÁѹÂÑè§Â×¹ 㹡ÒôÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒ»†Òá·¹·Õ褹ÃØ‹¹à¡‹Ò «Öè§ÁÕÍÒÂØàÂÍÐæ à¹Õè ¶ŒÒÅŒÁËÒµÒ¨ҡä»áŌǨзíÒÂѧ䧵‹Í” ÍÒ¨ÒàÁÔ觢ÇÑÞ á´§ÊØÇÃó ¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ½†ÒºÃÔËÒÃÊíҹѡ§Ò¹â¤Ã§¡Òà Íѹà¹×èͧÁÒ¨Ò¡¾ÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÔÏ ¡Å‹ÒÇ ¨Ò¡¤íҺ͡àŋҢͧ ¾‹ÍËÅǧ·Í§ÊÔ·¸Ôì ÁÍÞáʧ Í´Õµ ¼ÙŒãËÞ‹ºŒÒ¹ ËÁÙ‹ 6 µ.»†Ò伋 Í.Êѹ·ÃÒ ¨.àªÕ§ãËÁ‹ áÅÐ »ÃиҹªÁÃÁ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇà¡ÉµÃàªÔ§¹ÔàÇȺŒÒ¹â»§ ÇÑÂ¡Ç‹Ò 60 »‚ ä´ŒàÅ‹ÒÇ‹Ò ÃÒÇ 30 »‚¡‹Í¹ ªØÁª¹ºŒÒ¹â»§ÁÔä´ŒÍÂÙ‹Í‹ҧʧºÊØ¢ ´Ñ觷ÕèàËç¹à©¡àª‹¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ᵋà¡Ô´»˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃá¡‹§á‹§¾×é¹·Õè·íÒ¡Ô¹ ã¹à¢µ¾×é¹·Õ軆ÒʧǹÍ‹ҧÃعáç ËÅѧ»‚ ¾.È. 2527 µ¹ä´Œà¢ŒÒÁÒ à»š¹¼ÙŒãËÞ‹ºŒÒ¹¨Ö§àÃÔèÁÁÕ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃËÇÁ¡Ñº¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡Òà ËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹à¾×èÍÂصԡÒÃÂÖ´¤Ãͧ¾×é¹·Õèࢵ»†Òʧǹ໚¹¾×é¹·ÕèµÑÇàͧ 38 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

Ecological tourism training management is also included in the syllabus at the local school. Students can perform as little tourist guides giving advice and facilitating tourists. Children in the community are encouraged to learn how to conserve the forest and the land, to learn the history of the community, its traditions and culture, as well as to learn how to transfer knowledge in order to create awareness about the forest conservation and transmit it to strangers. This is another activity that takes place in the community and constantly builds conservation awareness among children so that they can in turn pass it on to the next generation.

“As far as forest maintenance is concerned, people within a community will group together.

However, when social change occurs, such as other people outside moving in, deforestation happens. Phra Santi, a founder of the community and a Shan, therefore calls together a small group of people to decide what to do. Generally, the rule is that each family must lumber only dead wood. If someone does come to deforest, then the locals wil arrest them and send the lawbreakers to the government authorities. This is what the first generation did and they have passed on this custom to the present day.

The children will learn it too. At school, we create a local training course for junior guides in tourism management. The adults discuss what to do to maintain nature in the tradition of previous generations and what to do when it is time for the current generation to pass it on,” says Mingkwan Dangsuwan, an educational scholar at the project management office of the royal philosophy.

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅФÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ Balance and Diverse “·Ñé§ËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹ àÎҡ窋Ç¡ѹ´ÙáÅ ÁÕ¡ÒûÅÙ¡»†ÒÊÌҧ½Ò áÅŒÇÍ‹ҧá¹Ç¡Ñ¹ä¿ã¹»†Ò¹Õè àÎҡ窋Ç¡ѹ·íÒ ¤×ÍàÎÒ¡ç´ÙáÅÁÒ àËÁ×͹·Õè»Ù†Â‹ÒµÒÂÒÂÃÑ¡ÉÒ»†Ò·Õ赌¹¹éíÒ äÁŒàÍÒÁÒ㪌䴌¡çàÍÒÁÒ㪌 äÁŒä˹·Õ赌ҹÅÁä´Œ´Õ¡ç͹ØÃÑ¡É äÇŒ Í‹ҧÃØ‹¹¼Á¹Õé໚¹ÃØ‹¹·Õè 3 »†Ò·Õè¹Õè ¶ŒÒäÁ‹Ëǧá˹äÇŒÁѹ¡çËÁ´ Í‹ҧµÒÁá¶Ç Í.«ŒÒ àªÕ§ÃÒ ËÃ×Í·Õèá¾Ã‹ ªÒǺŒÒ¹¡ç¾Ò仵Ѵ¡Ñ¹ µÍ¹¹ÕéáÁŒáµ‹º¹ÀÙà¢ÒËÃ×Í»†Ò ͹ØÃÑ¡É ¡çàËÅ×Í»†Ò¹ŒÍ” Í‹ҧäáçµÒÁ ÊÔ§è Ë¹Ö§è ·Õàè ÃÒä´ŒÃºÑ ÃÙ¨Œ Ò¡¾‹ÍËÅǧ·Í§ÊÔ·¸Ô¤ì Í× ¤ÇÒÁ¾ÂÒÂÒÁ¢Í§ªØÁª¹ªÒǺŒÒ¹â»§ã¹¡ÒôÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒ»†ÒµŒ¹¹éíÒ ÁÕÁÒµÑé§áµ‹ÃØ‹¹ºÃþºØÃØÉ ÊÌҧ¨ÔµÊíҹ֡㹤ÇÒÁ໚¹à¨ŒÒ¢Í§»†Ò ´ŒÇ¤ÇÒÁµÃÐ˹ѡ´Õ¶§Ö ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧ¡ÒÃãªŒÇ¶Ô ªÕ ÇÕ µÔ ·ÕÊè Í´¤ÅŒÍ§ ¡Ñº¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ à¾×èÍãËŒ “¤¹” ÍÒÈÑÂÍÂًËÇÁ¡Ñº “»†Ò” 䴌͋ҧ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊØ¢áÅÐÂÑè§Â×¹ ´ŒÇÂËÇѧãËŒ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔÂѧ¤§¤ÇÒÁ ÍØ´ÁÊÁºÙó ÊÒÁÒöËÅ‹ÍàÅÕ駪ÕÇÔµ¢Í§¼ÙŒ¤¹ä´ŒµÃÒºªÑèÇÅÙ¡ ªÑèÇËÅÒ¹

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ÀÒ¾¼×¹»†Òà¢ÕÂÇ¢¨ÕÍÂÙ·‹ Ò‹ Á¡ÅÒ§»†ÒàÊ×Íè Áâ·ÃÁËÇÁ 20,000 äË ã¹»Õ ¾.È. 2528 ¨Ò¡ÊÒ¾ÃÐ๵ÃÍÑ ¹ ¡ÇŒÒ §ä¡ÅáË‹§ ͧ¤ ¾ÃкҷÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐ਌ÒÍÂÙ‹ËÑÇ ¢³Ð»ÃзѺà¤Ã×èͧºÔ¹à¾×èÍÁÒ ¾ÃÐÃÒª·Ò¹»ÃÔÞÞҺѵÃãˌᡋ¹Ñ¡ÈÖ¡ÉÒÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂáÁ‹â¨Œ ·íÒãËŒ¾ÃÐͧ¤ ·Ã§ÁÕ¾ÃÐÃÒª¡ÃÐáÊÃѺÊÑè§ãËŒÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂáÁ‹â¨Œ ࢌÒÁÒ´ÙáÅÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁÍÒªÕ¾ÃÒɮêÒǪØÁª¹ºŒÒ¹â»§ «Ö觶×Í໚¹ ¡ŒÒÇáá¢Í§ “â¤Ã§¡ÒþѲ¹ÒºŒÒ¹áÁ‹â»§Íѹà¹×èͧÁÒ¨Ò¡ ¾ÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÔ” ËÅѧ¾ÃÐÃÒª¡ÃÐáÊÃѺÊѧè ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂáÁ‹â¨Œ¨§Ö ä´ŒàÃÔÁè ·íÒ¡Òà ÊíÒÃǨ»†Ò¾×é¹·Õ軆ҫÖè§à»š¹»†Ò͹ØÃÑ¡É ¾×é¹·Õè¡Ç‹Ò 10,000 äË ẋ§ à»ç ¹ ¾× é ¹ ·Õ è Ê‹Ç ¹â¤Ã§¡ÒÃã¹¾ÃÐÃÒª´í Ò ÃÔ 3,686 äË â´Â·Ò§ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂÏ ä´Œ·íÒÊÑÞÞÒઋҡѺ¡ÃÁ»†ÒäÁŒà¾×èÍ¢Í ãªŒ·íÒ໚¹¾×é¹·Õèà¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒáÅÐÇԨѠÍÒÈÑÂËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃ์¹ãËŒà¡Ô´ ¡ÒÃÁÕʋǹËÇÁ«Ö觡ѹáÅСѹÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ªØÁª¹¡ÑºÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂÏ ÁØ‹§ Ê‹§àÊÃÔ Á ÍÒªÕ ¾ ÃÒɮà ÍÒ·Ô ¡ÒûÅÙ¡äÁŒ´Í¡ÊÒÂ¾Ñ ¹¸Ø àºÞ¨ÁÒÈ ¡ÒûÅÙ¡ÁÐÁ‹Ç§ ¡Ò÷íÒà¡ÉµÃÍÔ¹·ÃÕ ¡ÒûÅÙ¡ ¾×ª¹Í¡Ä´Ù¡ÒÅ ¡ÒÃÊÌҧ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇàªÔ§Í¹ØÃÑ¡É ÏÅÏ “»‚ 2528 ã¹ËÅǧÁÕ¾ÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÑʡѺ͸ԡÒú´Õ à¡ÕèÂǡѺ àÃ×èͧ¡ÒôÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒ»†Ò «Ö觾ÃÐͧ¤ àʴ稼‹Ò¹ ¾ÍàËç¹Ç‹Ò»†Ò¹Õé ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÍØ´ÁÊÁºÙó ¡çàÅÂàÊ´ç¨ÁÒâ´ÂäÁ‹ÁÕ¡íÒ˹´¡ÒÃŋǧ˹ŒÒ ÃѺÊÑè§ãËŒ·Ò§ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂËÒá¹Ç·Ò§Ç‹Ò¨ÐÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁÍÒªÕ¾ÃÒɮà ÂÑ§ä§ ãËŒ¤ÇÒÁª‹ÇÂàËÅ×ͪÒǺŒÒ¹Í‹ҧäà ¹Õè¡ç໚¹¨Ø´àÃÔèÁµŒ¹ ·íÒãËŒÁÕ¡ÒÃÊíÒÃǨ»†Ò¢Í§¡ÃÁ»†ÒäÁŒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñº·Ò§ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑ ¾‹ÍËÅǧ·Í§ÊÔ·¸Ôìä´Œ¶ÇÒ¡ÒÃÃѺ㪌¾ÃÐͧ¤ ·‹Ò¹ áÅоÃÐͧ¤

According to the words of Phra Tongsit Mornsang, ex-head of the village located in Moo 6, Tambon Pa Pai, Amphoe Sansai, Chiang Mai, as well as the sixty-year-old chairman of the Banpong ecologically-oriented agricultureal tourism club, describes that about thirty years ago, Banpong community was not as peaceful as it is today. There was a serious fight for land within the conserved forest areas. After 1984, he became the community leader and began to operate with a community board to end the issue of land domination within the sanctuary of their own land.

“All of us in the village try to protect it. We grow a forest, build a dam and firebreaks. We help each other just like our ancestors did. We maintain the forest at the headwater, bring useable wood for general use and conserve any windbreak plants. We are the third generation. All the forest wil be gone if we do not do anything to protect it. For example, the area in Amphoe Sai at Chiang Rai or at Phrae, trees have been deforested by local people and so there is only a small part remaining even on the mountains or within the conserved forest area.”

As a result, we can learn things from Phra Tongsit; the efforts of the locals in the Bangpong community to take care of their forest and headwaters that have been with them since the time of their ancestors, creating awareness of the value of the forest while also realizing the importance of lifestyle associated with nature to allow “human” to live with the “forest” in happiness and in a sustainable way. It is hoped that natural resources wil remain fertile and be able to nourish the lives of people forever.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 39

·‹Ò¹ä´ŒµÃÑʶÒÁÇ‹ÒÍÂÒ¡ä´ŒÍÐäà ¾‹ÍËÅǧºÍ¡Ç‹ÒÍÂÒ¡ä´Œ Í‹Ò§à¡çº¹éíÒ ËÅѧ¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹡çÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÌҧ͋ҧà¡çº¹éíÒËŒÇÂ⨌¢Öé¹ áÅÐ ¡ÅÒÂ໚¹â¤Ã§¡ÒþÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÔ¢Öé¹ÁÒ” ÍÒ¨ÒàÁÔ觢ÇÑÞ àÅ‹Ò¶Ö§ ¤ÇÒÁ໚¹ÁҢͧâ¤Ã§¡ÒÃÏ ¹Ñºà»š¹¤ÇÒÁ⪤´Õ¢Í§»Ç§ª¹ªÒÇä·Â·ÕèÁÕͧ¤ ¾‹ÍËÅǧ «Ö觷çÁÕ¤ÇÒÁʹ¾ÃÐÃÒªËÄ·ÑÂ㹤ÇÒÁ໚¹ÍÂÙ‹¢Í§ÃÒɮà ·Ø¡Ë‹ÍÁËÞŒÒ áÁŒáµ‹ã¹à¢µ¾×é¹·ÕèàÅç¡æ Íѹˋҧä¡ÅÍ‹ҧªØÁª¹ ºŒÒ ¹â»§ ÊÒ¸ÒÃáË‹§ ¹é í Ò ¾ÃÐ·Ñ Â áË‹§ ͧ¤ ¾ ÃкҷÊÁà´ç ¨ ¾ÃÐ਌ Ò ÍÂÙ ‹ Ë Ñ Ç ¡ç Â Ñ § ¤§á¼‹ ¡ ÇŒ Ò §ËÅÑ è § äËžÃÐÁËÒ¡ÃØ ³ Ò¸Ô ¤ Ø ³ Íѹໂ›ÂÁÅŒ¹¹ÕéãËŒàÂ繩èíÒ ÊÒÁÒöºíҺѴ·Ø¡¢ ºíÒÃاÊآᡋÃÒɮà Í‹ҧ·ÑèǶ֧ »‚ ¾.È. 2542 ËÅѧ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÊÌҧ͋ҧà¡çº¹éíÒËŒÇÂ⨌àÊÃç¨ÊÔé¹ ·Ò§ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂÏ àËç¹Ç‹ÒªØÁª¹ºŒÒ¹â»§¹Í¡¨Ò¡ÁÕ¾×é¹·Õè»†Ò ·ÕèÍØ´ÁÊÁºÙó áÅŒÇ ªÒǺŒÒ¹ÂѧÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁѤ¤ÕáÅÐÊÒÁÒöÃÑ¡ÉÒ ¤ÇÒÁà»ç ¹ àÍ¡ÅÑ ¡ ɳ ¢Í§ª¹¾×é¹ ºŒÒ¹ ઋ¹ »ÃÐà¾³Õ ´ í Ò ËÑ Ç »ÃÐླÕŧᢡ ¤§à´ÔÁäÇŒ ·Ò§ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂÏ ¨Ö§ä´ŒÈÖ¡ÉÒÇԨѠà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¸ØáԨ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇàªÔ§¹ÔàÇÈ à¾×èÍàµÃÕÂÁ¡Òà ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒèѴµÑ駡ÅØ‹Á¡Ò÷‹Í§à·Õè§àªÔ§¹ÔàÇÈ¢Öé¹ÀÒÂ㹪ØÁª¹ ºŒÒ¹â»§ «Ö觨Ð໚¹Íա˹Öè§ÅÙ‹·Ò§¢Í§¡ÒÃÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁÍÒªÕ¾áÅСÒà ¾Ñ²¹ÒªØÁª¹ºŒÒ¹â»§ Íѹ໚¹¨Ø´»ÃÐʧ¤ ËÅÑ¡¢Í§â¤Ã§¡ÒÃÏ “¾ÍÁÒ·íÒÇԨѡç·íÒãËŒªÒǺŒÒ¹à¢ÒàËç¹Ç‹Ò à¢ÒÁÕ·ÃѾÂÒ¡Ã »†ÒäÁŒ¹Ð ÁÕ¤¹·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁࢌÁá¢ç§ ÁÕÍ‹Ò§à¡çº¹éíÒ ÍÐäþǡ¹Õé ¾Í¶Ö§µÍ¹¹ÕéÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂÁÒ·íÒãËŒà¢ÒàËç¹Ç‹Òà¢ÒÁÕÈÑ¡ÂÀÒ¾ ¤×ÍÁÕ ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔ ÁÕ¤¹ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ ÊÒÁѤ¤Õ ÁÕ»†Ò ¹‹Ò¨Ð·íÒ໚¹¡Òà ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇä´Œ ¤×Í àÃÔèÁÁÕ¡Òà ¡Ãе،¹ãËŒªÒǺŒÒ¹àË繡‹Í¹ â´Â์ ¹ ËÅÑ ¡ ªÒǺŒ Ò ¹à»š ¹ ¤¹·íÒ àÃÒ໚¹á窋ǡÃе،¹ ·íÒãËŒ§Ò¹à´Ô¹«Ö觵ç¹ÕéªÒǺŒÒ¹ ä´Œ¼ Å»ÃÐ⪹ ᵋà ÃÒäÁ‹ä ´Œ ÁÕ Ê‹Ç ¹ä´Œà ÊÕ Â ´ŒÇ  ¨Ö § à»ç ¹ ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ § ¤ÇÒÁàª×èͶ×Í¢Öé¹ ·íÒãËŒàÇÅÒàÃÒ¾Ù´ÍÐäà á¹Ð¹íÒÍÐäà ªÒǺŒÒ¹à¢Ò¨Ð¤‹Í¹¢ŒÒ§àª×Íè àÃÒàÂÍД ÍÒ¨ÒàÁÔ觢ÇÑÞ ¡Å‹ÒÇàÊÃÔÁ ·ÑȹÕÂÀÒ¾·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔÍѹ§´§ÒÁ ¢Í§Í‹Ò§à¡çº¹éÒí ËŒÇÂ⨌áÅФÇÒÁÍØ´ÁÊÁºÙó ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§àÊŒ¹·Ò§à´Ô¹»†Ò·Ñé§ 4 àÊŒ¹·Ò§ ¨Ò¡°Ò¹¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¾ÃŒÍÁ ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ·Õèä´ŒÃѺ¨Ò¡ÁѤ¤Øà·È¡ ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ ¹Ñºà»š¹à¤Ã×èͧ 40 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

From the Project under Royal Initiative to a Sustainable Lifestyle Model

Images of small areas of verdant land among almost 20,000 RaI of degraded forest, as seen

by His Majesty the King during his trip to Maejo University for a graduation ceremony in 1985 made him put the university in charge of taking care of and promoting people’s livelihoods in Banpong community.

It is considered to be the first step of “Ban Maepong Development Project under the Royal Initiative.”

After his order, Maejo University began to examine the forest within more than 10,000 rai of conserved land, of which 3,686 rai were dedicated to the project of the royal philosophy. The university has signed a lease agreement with the Royal Forest Department to use the area for educational and research purposes only. This is based on a partnership between community and university. Several activities have been promoted and developed: Benchamas horticulture, mango planting, organic agriculture, off-season planting, conservation tourism establishment and others.

“In 1985, His Majesty the King issued a royal speech concerning forest maintenance with the president of university. He saw that this forest was fertile, so he came without any pre-existing schedule.

He asked the university to find ways to promote people’s livelihoods and how to give them a hand. That is the starting point of the forest survey conducted by Royal Forest Department in cooperation with the university. Father Tongsit received an offer from His Majesty the King, who asked him what he desired, and he said he wanted a reservoir.

Consequently, Huayjo reservoir was constructed and it became a project under the royal initiative”, says Prof. Mingkwan about the project’s history.

It is the luck of the Thai people to have King Bhumibol, who is interested in the well-being of his people everywhere. Even in Banpong community, which is located far away, the kindness of His Majesty the King still refreshes the people so that they can relieve any distress that they find.

In 1999, after the construction of Huayjo reservoir, the university observed that Banpong community not only has a fertile forest but the locals also unite and are able to maintain their identity, such as Dam Hua and harvest traditions. Consequently, the

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅФÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ Balance and Diverse ÊзŒÍ¹ÈÑ¡ÂÀÒ¾¨Ò¡¨ÔµÊíÒ¹Ö¡Íѹ´Õ§ÒÁ ¤ÇÒÁࢌÁá¢ç§ ¤ÇÒÁÃÑ¡ áÅÐÊÒÁѤ¤Õ¢Í§¤¹ÀÒÂ㹪ØÁª¹ºŒÒ¹â»§ä´Œà»š¹Í‹ҧ´Õ «Öè§áÁŒáµ‹ ¡Í§ºÃóҸԡÒÃÏ Âѧà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ»ÃзѺ㨨ҡÀÒ¾·ÕèàËç¹äÁ‹¹ŒÍ »˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕÂè ÇàªÔ§¹ÔàÇÈ·Õàè ¾ÔÁè ࢌÒÁÒ㹪ØÁª¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡ ໚¹¡ÒÃà¾ÔèÁÃÒÂä´Œ·Ò§Ë¹Öè§ãˌᡋ¤¹ã¹ªØÁª¹áÅŒÇ ÂѧÊзŒÍ¹ ãËŒàËç¹ËÑÇã¨ÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁµ‹Ò§æ ã¹â¤Ã§¡ÒþѲ¹ÒºŒÒ¹â»§ ·Õàè ¹Œ¹ãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒáÃеعŒ ¨ÔµÊíҹ֡㹡ÒôÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒ»†Ò à¾×Íè ÊзŒÍ¹ ãËŒàËç¹Ç‹ÒàÁ×Íè »†Ò¤§ÍÂÙá‹ ÅŒÇ ¤ÇÒÁµÃÐ˹ѡ䴌¶§Ö ¡ÒôíÒçÍÂÙÍ‹ ‹ҧ ÂÑè§Â×¹¡ç¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ ©Ð¹Ñ鹡Ò÷íÒ¸ØáԨ¢Í§ªØÁª¹¨Ö§äÁ‹ä´Œà¹Œ¹·Õè ¤ÇÒÁÃèíÒÃÇ ᵋ์¹à¾×èÍãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹ â´ÂäÁ‹¨íÒ໚¹Ç‹Ò ·Ø¡¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ·Õè·íҨеŒÍ§ÊÌҧàÁç´à§Ô¹¨íҹǹÁËÒÈÒÅá¡‹ªØÁª¹ ᵋÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·Õè¤ÇÒÁÊØ¢ ¡ÒÃÊÌҧ¡íÒÅѧã¨áÅФÇÒÁÀÒ¤ÀÙÁÔã¨ÁÒÊÙ‹ ªØÁª¹ ÍÕ¡·Ñé§à»š¹¡ÒÃ䴌ʹͧ¡ÃÐáʾÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÑʢͧ¾Ãкҷ ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐ਌ÒÍÂÙË‹ ÇÑ «Ö§è ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕÂè ÇàªÔ§¹ÔàÇÈ ·Õè»ÃСͺ´ŒÇÂËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ¡Ԩ¡ÃÃÁÍѹ¹‹Òʹ㨠äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨Ð໚¹·Õè ¾Ñ¡âÎÁÊàµÂ ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃà´Ô¹»†Ò °Ò¹¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ àÊŒ¹·Ò§¨Ñ¡ÃÂÒ¹·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ¢Ñ¹âµ¡ ÏÅÏ ¨¹ä´ŒÃѺÃÒ§ÇÑÅ ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇä·Â»ÃШíÒ»‚ ¾.È. 2549 áÅÐÃÒ§ÇÑÅ ÅÙ¡âÅ¡ÊÕà¢ÕÂǤÃÑ駷Õè 10 »ÃШíÒ»‚ ¾.È. 2551 ¨Ö§¶×Í໚¹ ÍÕ¡Ë¹Ö§è ¤ÇÒÁÀÒ¤ÀÙÁãÔ ¨¢Í§ªØÁª¹ºŒÒ¹â»§·Õ¡è ÒÃѹµÕ¶§Ö ¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×Í áÅФÇÒÁࢌÁá¢ç§¢Í§ªØÁª¹ ¨¹¡‹Íà¡Ô´à»š¹¾×é¹·Õ軆ÒÊÕà¢ÕÂǪÍØ‹Á ÍѹÍØ´ÁÊÁºÙó Êǹ¡ÃÐáÊÊѧ¤ÁàÁ×ͧ㹻˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ¡ÅÒÂ໚¹ ¼Å¼ÅÔµÍѹÂÑè§Â×¹·Õè¤Çä‹Òá¡‹¡Òê×蹪ÁáÅÐÊ׺·Í´µÃÒº¹Ò¹ à·‹Ò¹Ò¹ 

university made a study of ecological tourism business development to create an ecological tourism group within Banpong community. This could be another means of career promotion, as well as being part of Banpong community development, which is the main purpose of the project.

Prof. Mingkwan also explains that “When the research is implemented, the locals realize that they have forests, strong minded people, reservoirs and other resources. Now the university makes them aware that they also have the potential of natural resources, people, cohesion and the forest. Tourism can be created from these starting points. However, the local people should be motivated first. We can all be a stimulus to drive the work forward. This wil profit a great deal to the locals, while we may gain nothing but trust. Hence, they tend to believe our words and suggestions in future.”

The beautiful natural scenery of Huayjo reservoir and the fertility of the four forest trails combined with natural learning base and knowledge from local tourist guides represent the true reflection of the potential from good consciousness, strong minds, love and the cohesion of people in Banpong community.

The editors were very impressed with this.

Today, ecological tourism that adds to the community is not only a source of income to locals but it also reflects that, when a forest exists, an awareness of sustainable well-being is fostered.

Consequently, community business does not emphasize financial wealth but sustainability instead. It is not necessary that every activity must generate a great sum of money for the community but the more important things are happiness, encouragement and pride within the community. Furthermore, they also respond to the royal words of His Majesty the King are also fulfilled. Ecological tourism now offers a variety of activities such as home stay, bushwalking, natural learning bases, tourist bicycle routes and traditional Kan Tok meals. The community has been rewarded with the Thai Tourism Industry Award of the Year 2006 and the 10th Green Globe Award of the Year 2008. It is the pride of Banpong community that guarantees cooperation and the strength of the minds of local people. Their land has become full of fertile, verdant forest, which forms quite a contrast with urban society. This sustainable productivity is worth appreciating and maintaining forever. Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 41

µÔáÅÐ ªÒ § ‹ áË ¹ §Ò  ÃÒ Ò í · ´ Ñ ¨ Òà §¡ Ò ‹ Ç ÐË §Ã â Á Í è × àª ¤ÇÒÁ Â ä· È à· ÃÐ §» ¢Í ÒÈ Ò¡ Í Ô Á Ù À Ò¾ À Ê Å§ á» ¹âºÒ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹´ŒÒ¹¡ÒNÃàa»tiÅÕoèÂn¹al Communication and The linkage betweeonlicy of Thailand ul* Climate Change P ÙÉÔµ¡ØÅ* / Dr. Natthanich Asvapoosltk ´Ã. ³Ñ¯°¹Ôª ÍÑÈÇÀ

»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂµÃÐ˹ѡ¶Ö§¼Å¡ÃзºÍ‹ҧ¡ÇŒÒ§¢ÇÒ§·ÕÍè Ò¨à¡Ô´ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ´Ñ§¹Ñ鹨֧䴌ãËŒ ÊѵÂҺѹࢌÒËÇÁ໚¹ÀÒ¤Õ¡Ãͺ͹ØÊÑÞÞÒÊË»ÃЪҪҵÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change : UNFCCC) àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 28 ¸Ñ¹ÇÒ¤Á 2537 áÅÐŧ¹ÒÁãËŒÊѵÂҺѹ㹾ԸÕÊÒÃà¡ÕÂÇâµ àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 28 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á 2545 »ÃÐà·Èä·Â㹰ҹзÕè໚¹ »ÃÐà·ÈÀÒ¤ÕÊÁÒªÔ¡¢Í§Í¹ØÊÑÞÞҴѧ¡Å‹ÒÇ µŒÍ§¨Ñ´·íÒÃÒ§ҹ áË‹§ªÒµÔ ËÃ×Í·ÕèàÃÕ¡¡Ñ¹Ç‹Ò National Communication (NC) ໚¹¢ŒÍ¡íÒ˹´ÀÒÂ㵌͹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ à¾×èÍàʹ͵‹Íͧ¤ ¡ÃÊÙ§ÊØ´¢Í§ ͹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ (Conference of the Parties : COP) «Öè§à¹×éÍËÒ ÊÒÃзÕè¨íÒ໚¹áÅеŒÍ§»ÃÒ¡¯ã¹ÃÒ§ҹ¨ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁᵡµ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§¡ÅØ‹Á»ÃÐà·ÈÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÀÒ¤¼¹Ç¡·Õè 1 ¢Í§ ͹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ (Annex I Parties) áÅСÅØ‹Á»ÃÐà·È¹Í¡ÀÒ¤¼¹Ç¡·Õè 1 ¢Í§Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ (non-Annex 1 Parties) ·Ñ駹ÕéÍÂÙ‹º¹¾×é¹°Ò¹ ¢Í§ËÅÑ¡¡Òà “¤ÇÒÁÃѺ¼Ô´ªÍºÃèÇÁã¹ÃдѺ·ÕèᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ (Common but Differentiated Responsibilities)” ÃÒ§ҹ áË‹§ªÒµÔ»ÃСͺ´ŒÇÂËÅÒÂʋǹ ઋ¹ ¡ÒÃÃÒ§ҹʶҹ¡Òó

Thailand realizes the widespread global impacts associated with climate change, thus committed to being a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on December 28th, 1994 and also ratified the Kyoto Protocol on August 28th, 2002. As being a party to the convention, Thailand must submit national reports (or National Communications : NC) on implementation of the Convention to the Conference of the Parties (COP). The requirements for the contents of this report are different for Annex I and non-Annex I Parties based on the basis of equality and accordance with the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” There are several chapters including in the national communications such as national circumstances, vulnerability and adaptation assessment, financial resources and transfer of technology, capacity building and public awareness, however the main parts of the national communications for both Annex I and non-Annex I Parties regard to emission and removals of greenhouse gases.

*¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁªÓ¹ÒÞ¡Òà Êӹѡ§Ò¹¹âºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ *Environmental office professional level, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planing.

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ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅœÍÁáÅÐÁžÔÉ Environment and Pollution »˜¨¨ØºÑ¹¢Í§»ÃÐà·È ´ŒÒ¹¼Å¡Ãзº ¤ÇÒÁ͋͹äËǵ‹Í¡Òà à»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¡ÒÈ áÅСÒûÃѺµÑǵ‹Í¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ ´ŒÒ¹áËÅ‹§à§Ô¹Ê¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹ ´ŒÒ¹¡Òö‹Ò·ʹ෤â¹âÅÂÕ ´ŒÒ¹¡Òà àÊÃÔÁÊÌҧ¢Õ´¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö áÅФÇÒÁµÃÐ˹ѡ¢Í§»ÃЪҪ¹ ໚¹µŒ¹ Í‹ҧäáçµÒÁʋǹÊíÒ¤ÑޢͧÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔ··èÕ §éÑ »ÃÐà·È 㹡ÅØ‹ÁÀÒ¤¼¹Ç¡·Õè 1 áÅй͡ÀÒ¤¼¹Ç¡·Õè 1 µŒÍ§¨Ñ´·íÒ¤×Í àÃ×èͧ¡ÒûŴ»Å‹ÍÂáÅСÒÃÅ´¡ÒûŴ»Å‹Í¡ Ò«àÃ×͹¡ÃШ¡ ¡ÒèѴ·íÒÃÒ§ҹ©ºÑºáá¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â (Thailand’s Initial National Communications) ä´ŒÂ×è¹µ‹ÍàÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡Òà ͹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2543 áÅлÃÐà·Èä·Âä´ŒÂ×è¹¢ŒÍàÊ¹Í ã¹¡ÒèѴ·íÒÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔ©ºÑº·ÕèÊͧ (Thailand’s Second National Communications) áÅÐä´ŒÃѺ¤ÇÒÁàË繪ͺ¨Ò¡ ¡Í§·Ø¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁâÅ¡ (Global Environment Facility : GEF) «Ö§è ໚¹Í§¤ ¡Ã·Õ·è Òí ˹ŒÒ·Õàè »š¹¡Åä¡·Ò§¡ÒÃà§Ô¹¢Í§Í¹ØÊÞÑ ÞÒÏ ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2548 Í‹ҧäáçµÒÁâ¤Ã§¡ÒèѴ·íÒÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔ ©ºÑº·Õè 2 ä´ŒàÃÔèÁ¢Öé¹ã¹à´×͹ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á »‚ ¾.È. 2551 áÁŒÇ‹Ò¨Ð äÁ‹ÁÕ¡ÒáíÒ˹´àÇÅÒ·Õèṋ¹Í¹ã¹¡ÒÃàʹÍÃÒ§ҹ ᵋÃÒ§ҹ ¤ÇèÐáÅŒÇàÊÃç¨áÅÐàʹÍä´ŒÀÒÂã¹ 4 »‚ ¹Ñº¨Ò¡Çѹ·Õèä´ŒÃѺ à§Ô¹Ê¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹ÁÒáÅŒÇ ´Ñ§¹Ñ¹é Êíҹѡ§Ò¹¹âºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃѾÂÒ¡Ã ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔÀÒÂ㵌¡ÃзÃǧ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ã¹°Ò¹Ð˹‹Ç§ҹ¡Åҧ㹡ÒûÃÐÊÒ¹¡ÒèѴ¡ÒáÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒȢͧ»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ໚¹¼ÙŒÃѺ¼Ô´ªÍºã¹¡ÒèѴ·íÒ ÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔ «Ö觤ҴNjÒÃÒ§ҹ©ºÑº·Õè 2 ¨ÐáÅŒÇàÊÃç¨áÅÐ àʹÍä´Œã¹ÃÒÇ¡ÅÒ§»‚ ¾.È. 2553 ¡ÒèѴ·íÒÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔ¹Í¡à˹×ͨҡ໚¹¢ŒÍµ¡Å§ ÀÒÂ㵌͹ØÊÞÑ ÞÒÏ áÅŒÇ ¤ÇÃãËŒ»ÃÐ⪹ ¡ºÑ »ÃÐà·Èã¹´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃãËŒ ¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅлÃÐʺ¡Òó µÅÍ´¨¹·º·Ç¹¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹·Õ¼è Ò‹ ¹ÁÒ áÅСÒÃàµÃÕÂÁ¡ÒÃà¾×èÍÃͧÃѺã¹Í¹Ò¤µ â´Â੾ÒСÒèѴ·íÒ ÃÒ§ҹ©ºÑº·Õè 2 ·Õè¡íÒÅѧ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃÍÂÙ‹ã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ¤ÇèÐÁÕ º·ºÒ··ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞ㹡ÒþѲ¹Ò¹âºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒȵÒÁ·Õèä´Œ¡Å‹ÒÇáŌǢŒÒ§µŒ¹ ã¹Êͧʋǹ·ÕÊè Òí ¤ÑÞ«Ö§è ¨Ð»ÃÒ¡¯ÍÂÙã‹ ¹ÃÒ§ҹ¤×Í Ê‹Ç¹áá໚¹àÃ×Íè § ¡ÒèѴ·íÒºÑÞªÕ¡ Ò«àÃ×͹¡ÃШ¡áÅÐʋǹ·ÕèÊͧ໚¹àÃ×èͧ¡Òà ÇÔ à ¤ÃÒÐË ¤ ÇÒÁÅ‹ Í áËÅÁáÅÐá¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒûÃÑ º µÑ Ç µ‹ Í ¡Òà à»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ «Öè§Ê‹Ç¹áá໚¹¢ŒÍ¡íÒ˹´ ·Õ»è ÃÐà·Èä·Â¨ÐµŒÍ§·íÒ Ê‹Ç¹·ÕÊè ͧ໚¹¤ÇÒÁ¨íÒ໚¹ÊíÒËÃѺ»ÃÐà·È à¾×èÍ¡ÒÃàµÃÕÂÁÁҵáÒ÷Õè¨íÒ໚¹ãËŒàËÁÒСѺ¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡Òà 㹡ÒûÃѺµÑǵ‹Í¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÃŒÒÂáç·Õè¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Öé¹

The first report or the Initial National Communication (INC) of Thailand was submitted to UNFCCC secretariat in 2000. The Second National Communication (SNC) proposal was prepared in 2005 and approved by Global Environment Facility (GEF), an operating entity of the financial mechanism of the convention, in 2006. However the actual implementation of the project was started in August 2008. Although there are no fixed dates for the submission of national communications of non-Annex I Parties, the documents should be submitted within four years of the initial disbursement of financial resources. Thus, the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) under the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, as a UNFCCC national focal point, is responsible for this report and expects to submit the report in the mid of 2010.

Beside the commitment under the convention, the NC should provide the information and experiences for Thailand to be able to review our work and prepare to meet future challenges. Especially, the currently preparing SNC should play an important role for developing climate change policies and plans. As mentioned before, there are several chapters included in the SNC and the most two important chapters are National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory and Vulnerability and Adaptation (V&A) Assessment to climate change. The first one is requirement and the second one is essential for preparing adaptation measures being taken to meet our specific needs and concerns arising from the adverse impacts.

Since Thailand is one of non-Annex I countries, we should emphasize on the V&A, however the trend for pushing non-Annex I parties to participate in global GHG reduction regime is relatively high during the c u r r e n t submeeting of climate change negotiation processes and even more serious for up coming meeting, 15th session of the Conference of the Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 43

à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡»ÃÐà·Èä·Â໚¹»ÃÐà·È¹Í¡ÀÒ¤¼¹Ç¡·Õè 1 ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ àÃÒ¤ÇÃãËŒ¤ ÇÒÁÊí Ò ¤Ñ Þ áÅÐ์¹ã¹àÃ×èͧ¡ÒûÃÐàÁÔ ¹ ¤ÇÒÁ Å‹ÍáËÅÁ áÅСÒûÃѺµÑǵ‹Í¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ᵋÍ‹ҧäáçµÒÁ 㹡ÒûÃЪØÁ‹ÍÂÀÒÂ㵌¢ºÇ¹¡ÒÃà¨Ã¨ÒÁÕá¹Ç⹌Á¤‹Í¹¢ŒÒ§ÊÙ§ ·Õè¨ÐãËŒ¼ÅÑ¡´Ñ¹ãËŒ»ÃÐà·È¹Í¡ÀÒ¤¼¹Ç¡·Õè 1 ÁÕʋǹËÇÁ ÃѺ¼Ô´ªÍº¡ÒÃÅ´¡ÒûŴ»Å‹Í¡ Ò«àÃ×͹¡ÃШ¡áÅШÐÂÔè§ÁÕ ¤ÇÒÁࢌ Á ¢Œ ¹ ÁÒ¡¢Ö é ¹ ã¹àÇ·Õ¡ÒÃà¨Ã¨Ò㹡ÒûÃЪØÁ ÃÑ ° ÀÒ¤Õ Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÊË»ÃЪҪҵÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ÊÁÑ·Õè 15 áÅСÒûÃЪØÁÃÑ°ÀÒ¤ÕÀÒÂ㵌¾Ô¸ÕÊÒÃà¡Õ  Çâµ ÊÁÑ·Õè 5 ·Õè¨ÐÁÕ¢Öé¹ ³ ¡Ãاâ¤à»¹àÎࡹ »ÃÐà·Èà´¹ÁÒà ¡ ã¹ÃÒÇà´×͹¸Ñ¹ÇÒ¤Á»‚¹Õé ´ŒÇÂà˵عÕé·íÒãËŒàÃÒµŒÍ§ãËŒ¤ÇÒÁʹ㨠ã¹Ê‹Ç¹¢Í§¡ÒèѴ·íÒºÑÞªÕ¡ Ò«àÃ×͹¡ÃШ¡ÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ Êí Ò ËÃÑ º ÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ ªÒµÔ © ºÑ º ·Õ è 2 ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ ´ ·í Ò ºÑ Þ ªÕ ¡ Ò «àÃ× Í ¹¡ÃШ¡¨Ð¤í Ò ¹Ç³¡Òûŋ Í Â¡ Ò «àÃ× Í ¹¡ÃШ¡¨Ò¡ 5 ÀҤʋǹ 䴌ᡋ ÀÒ¤¾Åѧ§Ò¹ ÀÒ¤¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ ÀÒ¤à¡ÉµÃ ÀÒ¤¡ÒÃ㪌¾×é¹·ÕèáÅл†ÒäÁŒ áÅÐÀÒ¤¢Í§àÊÕ «Öè§ ¡ÒäíҹdzÁÕ¾×é¹°Ò¹ÁÒ¨Ò¡¤Ù‹Á×Í¡ÒèѴ·íÒºÑÞªÕ¡ Ò«àÃ×͹¡ÃШ¡ ¢Í§¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÃÑ°ºÒÅÇ‹Ò´ŒÇ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¡ÒÈ (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change : IPCC) «Ö è § »Ñ ¨ ¨Ø º Ñ ¹ ÁÕ Í ÂÙ‹ 4 àÅ‹Á ¡Òäí Ò ¹Ç³ÊÒÁÒö ¨íÒṡ䴌ËÅÒÂÃдѺªÑé¹ »ÃÐà·ÈÀÒ¤ÕÊÁÒªÔ¡ÍÒ¨àÅ×͡㪌 ÇÔ¸Õ¡Òà ËÃ×ÍÃдѺªÑé¹ ã¹¡Òäíҹdz ·Õáè µ¡µ‹ Ò §¡Ñ ¹ ËÃ× Í ÍҨ㪌ÇÔ¸Õ¡Òà ·Õ è ¾ Ñ ² ¹Ò¢Ö é ¹ ÀÒÂã¹ »ÃÐà·È ·Ñ é § ¹Õé ¢Öé¹ÍÂÙ‹ ¡ Ñ º Ç‹ ÒÇÔ ¸ Õ ä ˹ ¨ÐÊÍ´¤ÅŒ Í §¡Ñ º ʶҹ¡Òó ¢Í§ ᵋ ŠлÃÐà·ÈáÅÐ ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·ÕèÁÕ¡Òäíҹdz ã¹ÃдѺªÑé¹·ÕèÊÙ§ã¹ÃдѺªÑé¹·Õè 2 ËÃ×Í 3 µŒÍ§¡ÒâŒÍÁÙÅ ´ŒÒ¹ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´¨íÒṡ»ÃÐàÀ·áÅÐà·¤â¹âÅÂÕ·Õè㪌¢Í§áËÅ‹§ »Å‹Í¡ Ò«àÃ×͹¡ÃШ¡ ¡Òäíҹdzã¹ÃдѺªÑé¹·ÕèÊÙ§¢Ö鹨ÐãËŒ¤‹Ò·Õè ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§áÁ‹¹ÂíÒÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ «Ö觨Ð໚¹»ÃÐ⪹ 㹡ÒÃÇÒ§¹âºÒ ´ŒÒ¹ÁҵáÒáÒÃÅ´¡ÒûŴ»Å‹Í¡ Ò«àÃ×͹¡ÃШ¡ µÅÍ´¨¹ ÊÒÁÒö¡íÒ˹´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ੾ÒÐà¨ÒШ§ã¹áµ‹ÅÐÀҤʋǹ䴌Í‹ҧ àËÁÒÐÊÁ 44 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

Parties (COP 15) and 5th session of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 5), held in Copenhagen, Denmark in December 2009. Consequently, we are not able to ignore the GHG inventory part.

For SNC, Thailand’s GHG Inventory wil estimate the GHG emission releasing from five sources, energy, industrial process, agriculture, land use change and forestry and waste. The estimations are based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories currently provided in four versions. In accordance with IPCC guidelines, parties may use different methods or tiers included in the guidelines and also use national methodologies where they consider these to be better able to reflect their national situation. The methodology can be divided into various tiers or levels, depending on national circumstance and the availability of data.

The higher tier, tier 2 or tier 3, involves more elaborate methods which could be either source category-specific or technology based. In case of mitigation policy, it might be useful to have more details on emission data to develop mitigation measures for specific activity of each sector. The higher tier is applied, the more accurate is the emission estimation.

In Thailand, the process of understanding vulnerability and adaptation resulting from climate change has begun since the INC. Climate scenarios constitute a major part of V&A assessments. A scenario comprises a set of interrelated variables, both physical and biological, to form a whole picture of what the country might be like at some future dates.

A scenario is not a forecast, which describes a future that is highly likely. Instead, a scenario describes a possible future. Many studies have been conducted utilizing the application of scientific, technical and

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅœÍÁáÅÐÁžÔÉ Environment and Pollution ÊÓËÃѺ»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒáÅÐ ¤ÇÒÁࢌÒ㨴ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË ¤ÇÒÁÅ‹ÍáËÅÁ áÅÐá¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒûÃѺµÑǵ‹Í¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¡ÒÈàÃÔÁè ¨Ò¡¡ÒèѴ·íÒÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔ ©ºÑº·Õè 1 ʋǹãËÞ‹»ÃСͺ´ŒÇÂÀÒ¾¨íÒÅͧ à赯 ¡ Òó ¢ ͧá¹Ç⹌ Á ·Õ è ¨ Ðà¡Ô ´ ¢Ö é ¹ ¨Ò¡¡Òà à»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¡ÒÈ áÅФÇÒÁàª×Íè Á⧠ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒȡѺ»˜¨¨Ñ·ҧµ‹Ò§æ ·Õè·íÒãËŒ àËç ¹ÀÒ¾ÃÇÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·È·Õ è ¨Ðà¡Ô ´ ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÀÒ¾¨íÒÅͧà˵ءÒó ʋǹãËÞ‹ÈÖ¡ÉÒ ¨Ò¡¡ÒûÃÐÂØ¡µ 㪌Ẻ¨íÒÅͧ·Ò§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵà ෤¹Ô¤ áÅÐàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨Êѧ¤Á «Öè§áºº¨íÒÅͧ ᵋÅÐÍ‹ҧÁÕ¢ŒÍ¨íÒ¡Ñ´à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¡ÒõÑé§ÊÁÁص԰ҹ ¢ŒÍÁÙŹíÒࢌÒáÅТŒÍ¨íÒ¡Ñ´·Ò§à·¤¹Ô¤ ÏÅÏ Êí Ò ËÃÑ º ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ ´ ·í Ò ÃÒ§ҹáË‹ § ªÒµÔ ©ºÑº·Õè 2 à¹×éÍËÒÊÒÃзÕè¨ÐÁÕã¹Ê‹Ç¹¹Õé䴌ᡋ ¡ÒûÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁ Å‹ÍáËÅÁáÅмšÃзº¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ áÅСÒûÃѺµÑǵ‹Í¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃàµÃÕÂÁ¡Òà à¾×èÍÃͧÃѺÊÀÒ¾¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ઋ¹ ¡Ãͺ¹âºÒÂáÅÐ á¼¹»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡Òâͧ»ÃÐà·È㹡ÒûÃѺµÑǵ‹Í¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ¡ÒÃàª×èÍÁâ§ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¡Ñº»˜¨¨ÑÂà§×è͹ä¢Í×è¹æ ઋ¹ ¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒ·Õè໚¹¼ÅÁÒ¨Ò¡¡Òà à»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ áÅТմ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒÃÃѺÁ×Í µ‹Í¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ¤ÇÒÁÁÑ蹤§·Ò§ÍÒËÒà à¡ÉµÃ áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ ÊØ¢ÀҾ͹ÒÁÑ ·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ÍÒÈÑÂáÅÐàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨Êѧ¤Á Çѵ¶Ø»ÃÐʧ¤ ¢Í§¡ÒèѴ·íÒã¹Ê‹Ç¹¹Õé à¾×èͪÕéãËŒàË繶֧¼Å¢Í§ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ·Õè¨ÐÁÕµ‹ÍÀҤʋǹËÃ×;×é¹·Õè ËÅÑ¡æ µÅÍ´¨¹¡ÒûÃѺµÑǢͧÀҤʋǹËÃ×;×é¹·Õè¹Ñé¹æ ʋǹ¹Õé ÍÒ¨¨ÐÃÇÁ¶Ö§¹âºÒÂÃͧÃѺà˵ءÒó ·ÕèÍÒ¨à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ áÅзҧàÅ×͡㹡ÒûÃѺµÑǵ‹Í¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ÂÔè§ä»¡Ç‹Ò¹Ñé¹ ¼Å¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË ¤ÇÃ໚¹àÊÁ×͹´Ñª¹ÕªÕéÇÑ´ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò·Õè¨Ð áÊ´§¼Å·Õ¶è ¡Ù µŒÍ§áÁ‹¹ÂíÒã¹àÃ×Íè §¢¹Ò´¢Í§ÈÑ¡ÂÀÒ¾¢Í§¼Å¡Ãзº ·Õè¨Ðà¡Ô´ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁäÁ‹á¹‹¹Í¹¢Í§áºº¨íÒÅͧ¤‹Í¹¢ŒÒ§ÊÙ§ ´Ñ§¹Ñ鹡ÒÃ㪌෤â¹âÅÂÕ·ÕèãËŒ¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁÅÐàÍÕ´¢Í§¡ÒäҴ¡Òó ·ÕèÊÙ§¡Ç‹Ò áÅÐ㪌Ẻ¨íÒÅͧã¹ÃдѺÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ ËÃ×Í͹ØÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ ¨Ðª‹ÇÂÅ´¢ŒÍ¨íÒ¡Ñ´ã¹àÃ×èͧ¹Õéä´Œ

TEMPERATURE socioe-conomic models. Each model has its own limitation due to simplifying assumptions, data and technical constraints, etc.

For SNC, the possible content of this section could include: the assessing vulnerability and impacts of, and adaptations to, climate change and the provision of information, such as the guidelines for national adaptation programmes of action or adaptation policy framework. Moreover, this section should have information on some of the key sets of baseline conditions and their linkages, for example, climate-related disaster effects and response capabilities, population, food security, agriculture, urbanization, housing, water resources, health and associated socioe-conomic.

The purpose of this section is to il ustrate the possible quantify of the effects of climate change and adaptation in key vulnerable sectors/areas. This section might also include coping strategies and possible future adaptation options. In addition, climate scenarios could be as direct inputs for V&A assessments, as information serving public education about expected climate change, and as a tool to engage stakeholders in policy dialogue. Nevertheless, the results of analyzes should be viewed more as indicative rather than as giving the precise magnitude of the potential impacts due to high uncertainty of the scenarios. Because the Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 45

à¹×Íé ËÒʋǹ·Õàè ËÅ×ͧ͢ÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔ©ºÑº·Õè 2 ¨Ðà¡ÕÂè Ç¢ŒÍ§ ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÇÔ¨ÑÂáÅСÒþѲ¹ÒáËÅ‹§à§Ô¹ª‹ÇÂàËÅ×Í¡Òö‹Ò·ʹ à·¤â¹âÅÂÕ áÅФÇÒÁµÃÐ˹ѡ¢Í§»ÃЪҪ¹ ·Õ輋ҹÁҼšÒà ¨Ñ´·íÒÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔ©ºÑº·Õè 1 ¨ÐÊÔé¹ÊØ´ËÅѧ¨Ò¡ä´Œ¨Ñ´·íÒ ÃÒ§ҹàÊÃç¨ÊÁºÙó áÅŒÇ äÁ‹ÁÕ¡ÒùíÒä»ãªŒã¹¡ÒáÃкǹ¡Òà ¾Ñ²¹Ò»ÃÐà·È ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ã¹¡ÒèѴ·íÒÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔ ©ºÑº·Õè 2 äÁ‹¤ÇÃ㪌໚¹à¾Õ§ᵋà¤Ã×èͧÁ×Í㹡ÒÃÃÒ§ҹ෋ҹÑé¹ áµ‹¤Çà »ÃѺà»ÅÕ蹡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃãˌ໚¹à¤Ã×èͧÁ×Í㹡ÒÃÇÒ§¡ÅÂØ·¸ áÅÐ ¹âºÒÂ㹡ÒþѲ¹Ò»ÃÐà·È´ŒÇ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔ ©ºÑº·Õè 2 ¤Ç÷Õè¨ÐàÍ×éÍ»ÃÐ⪹ ·Ò§´ŒÒ¹ - à¾×èÍãËŒ¼Å¢Í§¡ÒèѴ·íÒÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹ áÅе‹Íà¹×èͧ ¤ÇÃÁÕʶҺѹáÅСÃкǹ¡Ò÷Õè¨ÐÃͧÃѺ áÅм¹Ç¡änj㹹âºÒ¢ͧÃÑ°ºÒÅ â´Â¼Å¨Ò¡ÃÒ§ҹ ¤ÇÃàÍ×éÍ»ÃÐ⪹ µ‹Í¹âºÒ·Ñé§ÃÐÂÐÊÑé¹áÅÐÃÐÂÐÂÒÇ ¢Í§»ÃÐà·È - ໚¹¼ÅÔµ¼Å·Ò§¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒáÅТŒÍÁÙž×é¹°Ò¹¢Í§»ÃÐà·È - ໚¹¡ÒÃáÅ¡à»ÅÕè¹¢ŒÍàʹÍá¹Ð·Ò§´ŒÒ¹¹âºÒ·ÕèÁÕ »ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ - ໚¹áËÅ‹§¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒãËŒ»ÃЪҪ¹ áÅÐà¾×èÍÊÍ´á·Ã¡àÃ×èͧ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈãˌࢌҶ֧㹷ءÃдѺ ¢Í§Êѧ¤Á 㹰ҹТͧ͹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ ÃÒ§ҹáË‹§ªÒµÔà»ç¹àÊÁ×͹ à¤Ã×èͧÁ×ÍËÅѡ㹡ÒÃãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ áÅÐà¼Âá¾Ã‹¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ´ŒÒ¹¡Òà à»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¡ÒÈ ã¹¢³Ðà´ÕÂǡѹ»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÊÒÁÒö 㪌»ÃÐ⪹ 㹡ÒÃ㪌໚¹à¤Ã×èͧÁ×Í㹡ÒáíÒ˹´ÂØ·¸ÈÒʵà áÅйâºÒ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈä´Œ  46 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

outcomes generated from current models stil have high uncertainties. The appropriate downscaling techniques and also regional or sub-regional climate models could help to reduce this constraint.

The rest of SNC chapters deal with others related issues, such as research and development, financial resources, technology transfer and public awareness. From the first national communication, INC, the production of this document was considered the end point of the process. Thailand did not use INC as an entry point into the development process. The SNC represents an opportunity to transform the process from not only reporting instrument of the Convention process but also developing of a strategic and policy support tool. SNC can be a vehicle to facilitate: - Institutionalization of climate change response; - Production of knowledge and information on the basis of national priorities; - Effective policy dialogue; and - Public education and awareness for mainstreaming climate change concerns at different levels in society.

As the overall goals of the Convention, NCs wil continue to be the principal instruments for highlighting and disseminating climate change concerns to a wider national audience. At the same time, Thailand can also utilize them as a tool for short and long term policy strategies and plans.

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅœÍÁáÅÐÁžÔÉ Environment and Pollution

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ...·ÕèËÒÂä»!

Nature and the lost scenery!

´Ã. ¡ÁÅ·Ô¾Âì ¤§»ÃÐàÊÃÔ°ÍÁÃ* / Dr. Kamonthip Kongprasertamorn*

·‹Ò¹¼ÙŒÍ‹Ò¹·Õè¹ÔÂÁà´Ô¹·Ò§ä»¾Ñ¡¼‹Í¹ã¹Ê¶Ò¹·Õ跋ͧà·ÕèÂÇã¹µ‹Ò§¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´â´Â੾ÒÐáËÅ‹§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ·ÕèÁÕ·Ñ駹éíÒµ¡ ÀÙà¢Ò ªÒÂËÒ´ áÅзÐàÅ ¶ŒÒ·‹Ò¹ÊѧࡵÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè ÍÒ¨¾ºÇ‹ÒºÒ§¾×é¹·Õè ¶Ù¡¡ÒþѲ¹Òà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ä»¨¹äÁ‹·Ôé§Ã‹Í§ÃÍ¢ͧÊÀÒ¾¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ´Ñé§à´ÔÁ ºÒ§¾×é¹·Õè¡íÒÅѧ¶Ù¡¤Ø¡¤ÒÁ¨Ò¡ ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò·íÒãËŒÊÀÒ¾à´ÔÁ¢Í§¾×¹é ·Õ¡è Òí Åѧ¨ÐËÒÂä» áµ‹Â§Ñ ÁÕºÒ§¾×¹é ·Õ·è äèÕ Á‹¶¡Ù ¡ÒþѲ¹ÒࢌÒÁÒà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ â´Â¾ºÇ‹Ò¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒþѲ¹ÒࢌÒÁÒà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ä´Œ§‹Ò ¨Ð໚¹¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèÊÒÁÒöࢌҶ֧䴌§‹Ò µÑÇÍ‹ҧઋ¹ àÁ×ͧ¾Ñ·ÂÒ ·‹Ò¹ÍÒ¨¹Ö¡äÁ‹¶Ö§Ç‹Ò àÁ×ͧ¾Ñ·ÂÒ·Õè·‹Ò¹àËç¹ã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁᵡµ‹Ò§¨Ò¡àÁ×ͧ¾Ñ·ÂÒã¹Í´Õµ ໚¹Í‹ҧÁÒ¡ Those readers who enjoy vacationing in the countryside, especially by visiting natural attractions, including waterfalls, mountains, beaches and seashore, must have noticed the significant changes in the surrounding areas caused by recent development. Many developing areas are being threatened by progress to the extent that no trace of the previous landscape would be left to be seen. Few areas remain untouched. It is being found that developed areas such as Pattaya are more susceptible to change and easily accessible. Some of you may not imagine that Pattaya as you can see now is for more different from the past. *¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁªíÒ¹ÒÞ¡ÒþÔàÈÉ Êíҹѡ§Ò¹¹âºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ *Environmental Specialist, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 47

¨Ò¡·Ñ¾¾ÃÐÂÒ...ÁÒÊÙ‹àÁ×ͧ¾Ñ·ÂÒ

¶ŒÒŒ͹¡ÅѺä»ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2310 ¡‹Í¹àÊÕ¡ÃاÈÃÕÍÂظÂÒ ¾ÃÐ਌ҵҡÊԹ䴌¹Ó ·ËÒûÃÐÁÒ³ 500 ¤¹ ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¤‹ÒÂÇÑ´¾ÔªÑÂÁØ‹§Ë¹ŒÒ仨ѧËÇÑ´¨Ñ¹·ºØÃÕ ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§·Ò§ä´ŒµÑ駤‹Ò¾ѡ·ÕèºÃÔàdz¨ÍÁà·Õ¹ àÁ×ͧ¾Ñ·ÂÒã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ µ‹ÍÁÒ¾×é¹·Õè ¹Ñ鹪ÒǺŒÒ¹àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò “·Ñ¾¾ÃÐÂÒ” áÅÐàÃÕ¡ãËÁ‹à»š¹ “¾Ñ·¸ÂÒ” à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ ໚¹ºÃÔàdz·Õè¾ÃÐÂÒµÒ¡ÁÒµÑ駷Ѿ ÁÕ·íÒàÅ´Õ ÁÕÅÁ “¾Ñ·¸ÂÒ” ·Õè¾Ñ´¨Ò¡·ÔÈ µÐÇѹµ¡à©Õ§㵌 ä»·Ò§·ÔȵÐÇѹÍÍ¡à©Õ§à˹×Íã¹µŒ¹Ä´Ù½¹ ¨Ö§àÃÕ¡ʶҹ·Õè áË‹§¹ÕÇé Ò‹ “ËÁÙº‹ ÒŒ ¹¾Ñ·¸ÂÒ” »˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ à¢Õ¹ãËÁ‹à»š¹ “¾Ñ·ÂÒ” ¹Õ¤è Í× »ÃÐÇѵÈÔ Òʵà ·ÕèÁҢͧª×èÍàÁ×ͧ¾Ñ·ÂÒ áµ‹à˵ءÒó ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·ÕèÊØ´ à¡Ô´¢Öé¹àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 29 ÁԶعÒ¹ 2502 àÁ×èÍÁÕöºÃ÷ء¢¹Ò´ãËÞ‹¢Í§·ËÒÃÍàÁÃԡѹ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 4-5 ¤Ñ¹ ºÃ÷ء·ËÒÃÍàÁÃԡѹàµçÁ¤Ñ¹Ã¶ »ÃÐÁÒ³¤Ñ¹ÅÐ 100 ¤¹ ÁÒ¨Ò¡°Ò¹·Ñ¾¢Í§ ·ËÒÃÍàÁÃԡѹ·ÕèµÑé§ÍÂً㹨ѧËÇÑ´¹¤ÃÃÒªÊÕÁÒ ÁҾѡ¼‹Í¹·ÕèËÒ´¾Ñ·ÂÒ â´Â ઋҺŒÒ¹¾Ñ¡µÒ¡ÍÒ¡ÒȢͧ¾ÃÐÂÒÊع·Ã ·ÕèÍÂÙ‹·Ò§µÍ¹ãµŒ¢Í§ËÒ´¾Ñ·ÂÒ໚¹ ·Õè¾Ñ¡»ÃШíÒ ·ËÒ÷ÕèÁҾѡÁÒ໚¹¼ÅÑ´æ ÅÐ 1 ÊÑ»´ÒË à˵ءÒó ¹Õé ໚¹¨Ø´àÃÔèÁµŒ¹¢Í§¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§â©Á˹ŒÒ¢Í§àÁ×ͧ¾Ñ·ÂÒ¨Ò¡à´ÔÁ ·Õè໚¹ ËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹ªÒÇ»ÃÐÁ§àÅç¡æ ·Õèà§Õºʧº ÁÕªÒÇ»ÃÐÁ§ÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙ‹äÁ‹¡Õè¤Ãͺ¤ÃÑÇ ÁÒ໚¹àÁ×ͧ¾Ñ·ÂÒ«Öè§à»š¹Ê¶Ò¹·Õ跋ͧà·ÕèÂÇ·Ò§·ÐàÅ·ÕèÁÕª×èÍàÊÕ§·Ñé§ã¹»ÃÐà·È áÅе‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È´Ñ§àª‹¹ã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ (http://www.pattaya.go.th)

ÀÒ¾àÁ×ͧ¾Ñ·ÂÒã¹Í´Õµ Former Pattaya

ÀÒ¾àÁ×ͧ¾Ñ·ÂÒã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ Modern Pattaya

From Tuppaya to Pattaya

Looking back to the year 1767 A.D., before the fall of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthya, King Taksin the Great led about 500 soldiers from Wat Pichai to Chanthaburi province. On the way, he stopped to assemble his troops at Jomthien, which is now called Pattaya. At first, local people called it “Tuppaya” and it was renamed because of the name and because it has a well-known wind which blows from the southwest to the northeast at the beginning of the monsoon season. The area became known as “Pattaya Vil age” and then simply “Pattaya.” This is the historical background of the area, which next witnessed a huge turning point in June 29th, 1959 when four or five huge American trucks, carrying loads of 100 American soldiers each, came from the US base at Nakhon Ratchasima province to take their turn vacationing there by renting Phraya Soonthorn’s resort. It was the beginning of changes in Pattaya from the quiet fishing vil age with just a few families living there to the famous seaside attraction that it now is, which is well-known both domestically and overseas. (http://www.pattaya.go.th) 48 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅœÍÁáÅÐÁžÔÉ Environment and Pollution ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ (à´ÔÁ) ¢Í§àÁ×ͧ¾Ñ·ÂÒ... ËÒÂä»áÅŒÇ

ËÒ¡·‹Ò¹ä´ŒÅͧ¹Ö¡·º·Ç¹´Ù ¨Ð¾ºÇ‹Ò ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹·ÕèàÁ×ͧ¾Ñ·ÂÒ äÁ‹à¾Õ§ᵋ໚¹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¢Í§ÊÀÒ¾ ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔà´ÔÁ෋ҹѹé ᵋËÁÒ¶֧¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§¢Í§¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÊÔ§è µ‹Ò§æ ¡Ñº¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ·Ñ§é ã¹ÁÔµ¢Ô ͧàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ ÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ áÅÐÊѧ¤Á ¡Å‹ÒǤ×Í àÁ×èÍÁÕ¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡ÒÃ㪌¾×é¹·ÕèªÒÂËҴ㹡Òà ÊÌҧâçáÃÁà¾×èÍÃͧÃѺ¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ ·íÒãËŒªÒÇ»ÃÐÁ§¾×鹺ŒÒ¹ µŒÍ§ÂŒÒÂÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¾×¹é ·Õªè ÒÂËÒ´ºÃÔàdz¹Ñ¹é «Ö§è ໚¹áËÅ‹§·Õ·è Òí ÁÒËÒ¡Ô¹ à´ÔÁä»ËÒ·Õ·è Òí ¡Ô¹ãËÁ‹ ÁռšÃзºµ‹ÍÇÔ¶ªÕ ÇÕ µÔ áÅСÒ÷íÒÁÒËÒ¡Ô¹ ¢Í§ªÒÇ»ÃÐÁ§¾×鹺ŒÒ¹ ·Ñ駹Õé ¡Òá‹ÍÊÌҧâçáÃÁ¢¹Ò´ãËÞ‹ ¨íҹǹÁÒ¡ Ê‹§¼Å¡Ãзºµ‹ÍÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáÅÐÃкº¹ÔàÇȢͧ¾×¹é ·Õè ã¹ËÅÒ´ŒÒ¹ ઋ¹ ·íÒãËŒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡ÒÃ㪌¹éíÒà¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÍØ»âÀ¤ ºÃÔâÀ¤à¾ÔèÁÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ ¢³Ðà´ÕÂǡѹÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³¹éíÒàÊÕÂáÅлÃÔÁÒ³ ¢ÂÐÁÙŽÍÂà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ Ãкº¹ÔàÇȪÒÂËÒ´¶Ù¡à»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ä» ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õ é ¡ ÒÃ·Õ è Á Õ ¹ Ñ ¡·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇáÅмٌãËŒºÃÔ¡ÒèíҹǹÁÒ¡ ÁÒÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙË ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ ¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´»˜ÞËÒÊѧ¤ÁµÒÁÁÒ àª‹¹ ¡ÒÃâ¨Ã¡ÃÃÁ »˜ÞËÒÂÒàʾµÔ´ áÅл˜ÞËÒÍÒªÞ¡ÃÃÁÍ×è¹æ ·ÕèÁռŵ‹Í¤ÇÒÁ »ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ㹪ÕÇÔµáÅзÃѾ ÊÔ¹¢Í§¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇáÅлÃЪҪ¹ ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèËÒÂä» ¨Ö§äÁ‹ä´ŒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂà¾Õ§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ·Õè¶Ù¡·íÒÅÒÂä» áµ‹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¢Í§ ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáÅÐÃкº¹ÔàÇȢͧ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔµÑé§áµ‹ÃдѺàÅ硹ŒÍ 仨¹¶Ö§¡ÒÃÊÙÞàÊÕÂÃкº¹ÔàÇÈ ¶ŒÒÁͧã¹á§‹¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ µ‹Í¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§·Õàè ¡Ô´¢Ö¹é ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔÍÒ¨ÍÂÒ¡ µÐ⡹ºÍ¡Á¹ØÉ ÇÒ‹ “Í‹ÒÁÒÂا‹ ¡Ñº©Ñ¹” ¡çä´Œ à¾ÃÒÐÁ¹ØÉ ࢌÒä»à»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ÁÒ¡¨¹à¡Ô ¹ ¢Õ ´ ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡Òà ÃͧÃѺ¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ «Ö§è ºÒ§¤ÃÑ§é ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ä´ŒµÍºâµŒÁ¹ØÉ ã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§ÀѸÃÃÁªÒµÔ ઋ¹ ¡Ò÷ÕèÁ¹ØÉ 仵ѴäÁŒ·íÒÅÒ»†Òº¹ÀÙà¢Ò ¨¹¡ÅÒÂ໚¹ÀÙà¢ÒËÑÇâÅŒ¹ àÁ×Íè à¡Ô´¾ÒÂØ ½¹µ¡Ë¹Ñ¡ ÁÕ¹éíÒ»†ÒäËź‹ÒŧÁÒ¨Ò¡ÀÙà¢Ò·ÕèäÁ‹ÁÕµŒ¹äÁŒà¾×èͪ‹Ç ªÐÅÍ»ÃÔÁÒ³áÅФÇÒÁàÃçǢͧ¹éíÒ ¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ àÊÕÂËÒÂãˌᡋªÇÕ µÔ áÅзÃÑ¾Â Ê¹Ô ¢Í§Á¹ØÉ ¨¹¡ÅÒÂ໚¹ âÈ¡¹Ò®¡ÃÃÁ ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Ö鹫éíÒáŌǫéíÒàÅ‹Ò

Pattaya’s Former Environment: Completely Disappeared.

When all angles are considered, then it is clear that changes do not happen on their own but in conjunction with changes in the economic, environmental and social dimensions. In other words, when there is demand for hotels at beach areas for tourists, then fishermen will vacate their lands to find other land where they can pursue their traditional ways of life. Large-scale hotel construction also caused numerous environmental and ecological impacts. These include the increase in water consumption and in production of waste water and garbage, as well as changing the beach ecosystems. Subsequently, people have caused social problems such as crime and drug use that have threathened local people as well as tourist’s safely and properties.

The disappearing scenery reflects not just the destruction of existing property but also changes in the environment and ecosystem starting from a minor change to the collapse of the ecosystems. If nature could express its feelings about this situation, it wil surely call out “leave me alone”. Sometimes, the natural disasters resulting from environmental change appear to be nature’s way of punishing people. For example, people cut down all trees on the mountainsides and so now, when there are storms and heavy rainfall, without trees to hold up the water, floods gush down the slopes destroying human lives and property repeatedly.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 49

ËÃ×ÍáÁŒáµ‹¡Ã³Õ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÊÖ¹ÒÁÔ ·ÕÁè ¹Õ ¡Ñ ·‹Í§à·ÕÂè ÇáÅлÃЪҪ¹ àÊÕªÕÇÔµä»à»š¹¨íҹǹÁÒ¡ ¾º¼ÙŒàÊÕ¨íҹǹÁҡ໚¹¼ÙŒ·Õè¾Ñ¡ã¹ âçáÃÁ ËÃ×ÍÃÕÊÍà ··ÕèÊÌҧÍ‹ҧÊǧÒÁ㹺ÃÔàdzÃÔÁªÒÂËÒ´ ᵋäÁ‹ÊÒÁÒö¨Ð»‡Í§¡Ñ¹ªÕÇÔµÁ¹ØÉ ¨Ò¡¤Å×è¹ÂÑ¡É ä´Œ µ‹Ò§¨Ò¡ ¼ÙŒ·ÕèÁÕªÕÇÔµÃÍ´¨Ò¡ÊÖ¹ÒÁÔºÒ§ÃÒÂ㪌ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃà¡ÒÐÍÂÙ‹º¹µŒ¹â¡§¡Ò§ «Öè§à»š¹µŒ¹äÁŒ·Õè¢Öé¹ÍÂÙ‹ã¹»†ÒªÒÂàŹ·ÕèÁÕÃÒ¡ÂÖ´à¡ÒСѺ¾×é¹´Ô¹àŹ Í‹ҧà˹ÕÂÇṋ¹ ¨¹·íÒãËŒäÁ‹ËÅش仡Ѻ¡ÃÐáʤÅ×è¹ÂÑ¡É ·Õè¾Ñ´ â¶ÁࢌÒÁÒ áÊ´§ãËŒàË繶֧»ÃÐ⪹ ¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèÁÕµ‹ÍÁ¹ØÉ à¾Õ§ᵋÁ¹ØÉ Á¤Õ ÇÒÁ©ÅÒ´à©ÅÕÂÇà¾Õ§¾ÍËÃ×ÍäÁ‹·¨èÕ Ð㪌»ÃÐ⪹ ¨Ò¡¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐâ´ÂÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃã´ ÊÔè§àËÅ‹Ò¹Õé¤×ͺ·àÃÕ¹˹Ö觨ҡ ËÅÒº·àÃÕ¹·Õè¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¡íÒÅѧÊ͹Á¹ØÉ â´Â·ÕèÁ¹ØÉ äÁ‹à¤Â ÊíÒà˹Õ¡ËÃ×ÍáÁŒáµ‹¨Ðä´ŒÂ¹Ô àÊÕ§àµ×͹¨Ò¡¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔàÅ ´ŒÇÂà˵ؼŠ·ÕÇè Ò‹ ¤¹Ê‹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ã¹âÅ¡»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ÍÂÙÀ‹ ÒÂ㵌¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¡ÃÐáÊËÅÑ¡ ·ÕÊè ¹ã¨à¾Õ§µÑÇàÅ¢¡ÒþѲ¹ÒàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§·Ø¹áÅмÅÔµÀѳ± ÁÇÅÃÇÁã¹»ÃÐà·È (Gross Domestic Product : GDP) ¨Ö§ãËŒ¤Ø³¤‹Ò¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ໚¹à¾Õ§°Ò¹¢Í§¡ÒþѲ¹ÒàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ â´ÂÁͧ¢ŒÒÁ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ áÅÐÅ×Áä»Ç‹ÒÁ¹ØÉ ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹Ë¹Ö觢ͧ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ¨Ö§äÁ‹à¤Â¹Ö¡¶Ö§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèËÒÂä» Ç‹Ò¨ÐÁռšÃзºÍ‹ҧäõ‹ÍÁ¹ØÉ áÅСÒþѲ¹Òã¹Í¹Ò¤µ Í‹ҧäÃ

50 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

As is well-known, thousands of people were kil ed in the tsunami. Even hotels and resort properties built alongside the beach were unable to protect people from the giant wave. Few tsunami survivors were able to hang on to the Mangrove trees to stay alive since those trees’ roots were attached tightly to the mud and were not swept away. This helps us to understand the real benefits of nature and it is up to our ingenuity to exploit nature cautiously in many different ways.

This is one important lesson about which nature has tried to warn human. Unfortunately, people are unaware of these warnings provided by nature because people have become infected with a fever for development measured only in terms of economic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product or GDP. People have forgotten the value of nature and the dangers of destroying it.

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅœÍÁáÅÐÁžÔÉ Environment and Pollution Í‹ҧäáçµÒÁ ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèËÒÂä» äÁ‹ä´ŒÁÕ੾ÒÐã¹¾×é¹·Õè ·Õè໚¹áËÅ‹§·‹Í§à·ÕèÂǸÃÃÁªÒµÔà·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ áµ‹ÁÕÍÂÙ‹ã¹·Ø¡¾×é¹·Õ·è ÕèÁ¹ØÉ 䴌ࢌÒä»ÍÂÙÍ‹ ÒÈÑ áÅзíÒ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁµ‹Ò§æ áÁŒáµ‹ã¹¡Ãا෾ÁËÒ¹¤Ã àÁ×ͧËÅǧ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â «Öè§à´ÔÁ໚¹·ÕèÃÒºÅØ‹ÁàËÁÒÐá¡‹¡Òà ·íÒ¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ â´Â੾ÒÐÍ‹ҧÂÔ觡Ò÷íÒ¹Ò àÁ×èÍÁÕÁ¹ØÉ ࢌÒÁÒ µÑ駺ŒÒ¹àÃ×͹ áÅлÃСͺ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁµ‹Ò§æ à¾ÔèÁÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ ÊÀÒ¾ ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õèà´ÔÁ¶Ù¡à»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ä» à¾×èÍÊÌҧ·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ÍÒÈÑÂÈٹ ¡ÒäŒÒ áÅкÃÔ¡Òà ÃкºÊÒ¸ÒóٻâÀ¤ÊÒ¸Òóٻ¡Òõ‹Ò§æ à¾×Íè ÃͧÃѺ ¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡ÒâͧÁ¹ØÉ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÁռšÃзº ·Ñ駴ŒÒ¹ºÇ¡áÅдŒÒ¹Åº µÑÇÍ‹ҧઋ¹ ÊÀÒ¾¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔà´ÔÁ·Õè໚¹ ·ŒÍ§·Ø‹§ ˌǠ˹ͧ ºÖ§ áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ÁÕµŒ¹äÁŒ ÁÕàÊÕ§¹¡ àÊÕ§¡º àÊÕ§¨Ôé§ËÃÕ´ ໚¹µŒ¹ ¶Ù¡à»ÅÕè¹ÊÀÒ¾ä» ¡ÅÒÂ໚¹¾×é¹·Õè àÁ×ͧ·ÕèÁÕµÖ¡ÃÒÁºŒÒ¹ª‹Í§ áÅÐÍÒ¤ÒûÃÐàÀ·µ‹Ò§æ ¨íҹǹÁÒ¡ àµçÁ¾×é¹·Õè à¾×èÍÍíÒ¹ÇÂãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊдǡʺÒµ‹Í¡ÒþѲ¹Ò àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¨ÐÊ‹§¼Å¡Ãзºµ‹ÍÃкº¹ÔàÇÈáÅŒÇ Âѧʋ§ ¼Å¡Ãзºµ‹ÍÃкºàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ªØÁª¹ áÅШҡ¡Ò÷ÕÁè ¤Õ ¹¨íҹǹÁÒ¡ ࢌÒÁÒÍÒÈÑÂÍÂًËÇÁ¡Ñ¹ ¹íÒä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¢Í§Êѧ¤Á ¨Ò¡ Êѧ¤Áà¡ÉµÃ¡ÅÒÂ໚¹Êѧ¤ÁàÁ×ͧ ·Õè·Ø¡¤¹ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÊÀÒÇТͧ ¤ÇÒÁà˧Ãպ㹡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹à¾×èÍËÒàÅÕ駪վ ¡ÒÃẋ§»˜¹¤ÇÒÁÃÑ¡ áÅФÇÒÁàÍ×Íé Íҷ÷ÕÁè ¹ØÉ à¤ÂÁյ͋ ¡Ñ¹àÅ×͹ËÒÂ仡ѺÊѧ¤ÁàÁ×ͧ ÁÒ¶Ö§µÃ§¹Õé ·‹Ò¹¤§¨ÐࢌÒã¨áÅÐÂÍÁÃѺ¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ áÅлÃÐ⪹ ¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèÁÕµ‹ÍÁ¹ØÉ áÅеÃÐ˹ѡ´ÕÇ‹Ò Á¹ØÉ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö·Õè¨Ðà»ÅÕ蹸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ䴌͋ҧ§‹Ò´Ò ᵋ¤§ÁÕ¤Òí ¶ÒÁµ‹Íä»Ç‹Ò ¶ŒÒÁ¹ØÉ à»ÅÕÂè ¹¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¨¹äÁ‹Á¸Õ ÃÃÁªÒµÔ àËÅ×ÍáÅŒÇ Á¹ØÉ ¨Ð´íÒçªÕÇÔµµ‹Íä»ä´ŒÍ‹ҧäà à¾ÃÒиÃÃÁªÒµÔ ·ÕèËÒÂä» äÁ‹à¾Õ§ᵋÁռšÃзºµ‹ÍÇÔ¶ÕªÕÇÔµ¢Í§Á¹ØÉ ᵋÂѧ໚¹ ¢ŒÍ¨íÒ¡Ñ´¢Í§¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¢Í§Á¹ØÉ 㹷ء´ŒÒ¹ ¨Ö§à¡Ô´¤íÒ¶ÒÁµÒÁÁÒÇ‹Ò¶Ö§àÇÅÒáÅŒÇËÃ×ÍÂѧ ·Õ¾è Ç¡àÃÒ·Ø¡¤¹ µŒÍ§µÃÐ˹ѡ¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞáÅÐËÇÁÁ×͡ѹ㹡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ·ÕèÂѧ¤§àËÅ×ÍÍÂÙ‹ à¾×èÍ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹äÁ‹ãËŒà¡Ô´¼Å¡Ãзº¨Ò¡à˵ءÒó ¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ...·ÕèËÒÂä»

However, the disappearing scenery happens not just in tourist areas, but throughout the country, wherever people are exploiting the land excessively, even in Bangkok Capital City of Thailand? which once used to be an area of low-lying land suitable for agriculture, especially rice growing.

As population has increased, the environment has become covered with facilities intended to support human life and society. These changes have had both positive and negative effects.

For example, fields, creeks, swamps and natural water sources, which were once full with trees, birds, toads and crickets, have now given way to commercial buildings to facilitate economic development. In addition to the ecological impacts, community spirit was hurt as well because social change caused people to find different ways of living that set them in competition with each other - and then sharing and loving seems to have disappeared from urban areas.

So, the reader should understand the relationship between human society and nature and the benefits of the latter. Man can change nature quite easily, but should try to understand the impacts these changes have. The disappearing scenery not only affects human lifestyles, but can also limit human development in many ways.

Questions remain as to whether it is now time for us to become properly aware of what is happening to nature and whether we should now cooperate to make sure we do not suffer the problems that would happen if the natural scenery were to disappear forever.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 51

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É ¡ Ñ · Ô ¾ æ ¡ ç àÅ × Í è Ê ’ ¡ Í ¹ Å Ðà · ¹ Ò Œ ‘º ÅФÃËØ‹¹ËÑÇâµ tre a e h T t e p p u P d a e H ig B rk o N Ban Tha Lay d rl o W e th g n ti c te ro P r fo A Tiny Medium

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A small young peoples’ theatre in Ban Tha Lay nork is made from PVC pipes. The stage curtain is made from black linen embroidered with bright decorations. A big-head puppet with a funny face and clear eyes emerges from behind the curtain. The mouth moves up and down to the sound of an acoustic guitar while the rhythmic description amusingly continues. It tells a story of environmental conservation. This is one of the dreams of the Ban Tha Lay Nork youth group, who use big-head puppet theatre as a medium to express their opinions.

Today, the young people of Ban Tha Lay Nork perfoms a big-head puppet show “For a Better Tomorrow.” The story concerns a village that used to be fertile, surrounded by forest and with many wild animals. Then, problems occur after the forest is destroyed (“by an entrepreneur” whispers Lek, one of the young people in the group.)

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅœÍÁáÅÐÁžÔÉ Environment and Pollution ªÒǺŒÒ¹Ê‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹àËç¹Ç‹ÒËÒ¡»Å‹ÍªŒÒä»äÁ‹ä´Œ¡ÒÃá¹‹æ ¨Ö§Ã‹ÇÁáç ËÇÁ㨡ѹ»ÅÙ¡»†Ò ᵋÁªÕ ÒÂ˹ØÁ‹ ¤¹Ë¹Ö§è «Ö§è ÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙã‹ ¹ËÁÙº‹ ÒŒ ¹à´ÕÂǡѹ ¡ÅѺËź仹͹ËÅѺ äÁ‹Ã‹ÇÁ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ»ÅÙ¡»†Ò¡Ñºà¾×è͹ºŒÒ¹¤¹Í×è¹æ ´ŒÇ¤ÇÒÁ·ÕèÇ‹Ò¢Õéà¡Õ¨ᵋ͌ҧNjҡÅÑǼÔÇàÊÕ Çѹ˹Öè§ ¢³Ð·ÕèªÒÂ˹؋Á (¨ÍÁ¢Õéà¡Õ¨) ¹Í¹ËÅѺÍÂً㵌µŒ¹äÁŒä´ŒÁÕÃØ¡¢à·Ç´ÒÁÒࢌҽ˜¹ ºÍ¡¶Ö§ ¤Ø³»ÃÐ⪹ ¢Í§¡ÒûÅÙ¡µŒ¹äÁŒáÅÐâ·É¢Í§¡Ò÷íÒÅÒÂÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ªÒÂ˹ØÁ‹ ¨ÍÁ¢Õàé ¡Õ¨ÊдاŒ µ×¹è ´ŒÇ¤ÇÒÁËÇÒ´¡ÅÑÇ à¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁµÃÐ˹ѡ áÅÐÁͧàËç¹¼ÅÌҷÕè¨ÐµÒÁÁÒËÒ¡µ¹àͧäÁ‹Ã‹ÇÁ»ÅÙ¡µŒ¹äÁŒ¡Ñº à¾×è͹ºŒÒ¹ â´Â੾ÒмšÃзº·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡ÀÒÇÐâšÌ͹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ÂѧàÅ‹Ò¶Ö§ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒáíҨѴ¢ÂÐÍ‹ҧ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§Íѹ໚¹Ë¹·Ò§àÅç¡æ ˹·Ò§ ˹Ö觷Õèä´Œ¼ÅÁËÒÈÒÅ㹡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ËÅѧ¨Ò¡¨ºº·ÅФÃËØ‹¹ËÑÇâµ ¡ÅØ‹ÁàÂÒǪ¹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡ 䴌ËÇÁ¡Ñ¹ÃŒÍ§à¾Å§µŒ¹äÁŒ¢Í§¾‹Í à©ÅÔÁ¾ÃÐà¡ÕÂõԾÃкҷÊÁà´ç¨ ¾ÃÐ਌ÒÍÂÙ‹ËÑÇ “¡ÉѵÃÔ ¹Ñ¡¾Ñ²¹Ò” ·Õè·Ã§àË繤س¤‹Ò¢Í§¡ÒûÅÙ¡ µŒ¹äÁŒáÅЧҹ͹ØÃÑ¡É ÅФÃËع‹ ËÑÇâµ ¤×Í Ê‹Ç¹Ë¹Ö§è 㹤ÇÒÁ½˜¹¢Í§à´ç¡æ ¡ÅØÁ‹ àÂÒǪ¹ ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡ ÊÔ觷Õèà´ç¡æ ¡ÅØ‹Á¹Õ鵌ͧ¡Òà ¤×Í ¡ÒÃ䴌ËÇÁ໚¹Ê‹Ç¹Ë¹Öè§ ã¹¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁàÍÒäÇŒãËŒ¤§ÍÂÙ‹¤Ù‹âÅ¡

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Most local people see the problems that will be caused if they do not stand up to these changes. They cooperate in growing a new forest. However, one young man does not help the others but instead keeps sleeping. He tends not to participate in group activities. This is because of idleness and his claims that his skins will be damaged if he works under the sunlight. One day, the young man takes a nap under a tree. Suddenly, the spirit of the tree appears in his dream and explains to him the advantages and disadvantages of growing trees and degrading the environment. The young man awakens frightened and is concerned about impending disaster. He is especially concerned about his own role and how global climate change may be intensified if he does not help his neighbors. Eventually, he is brought to understand that a proper means of correct waste disposal can be very effective in helping to conserve the environment.

After the show, the group of young people sing the song “the tree of our Father” in honor of His Majesty the King, the “The Developer Mouarch,” who sees the value of growing trees and of works of conservation.

The big-head puppet theatre is a part of the dreams of the young people of Ban Tha Lay Nork. Their desire is to be a part of the environment and to make sure it remains as part of the world.

How the Youth Group of Ban Tha Lay Nork Came to Be Ban Tha Lay Nork village is a small community of fishermen adjacent to the Andaman sea coast. It is located in Amphoe Suk Sumrarn at Ranong Province, approximately 90 kilometers away from the city. The village has an area of 44 square kilometres (including beach areas and the mangrove forest behind the village). The people of 220 households are Muslim. Most of them are gardeners and fishermen, as well as their relatives.

As a result of the 2004 Tsunami disaster, Ban Tha Lay Nork was affected very severely. There were 47 casualties from a total of 228 people and 20 destroyed houses. Most houses are located in the lower area of the village, which is adjacent to the beach and a large area of that was heavily damaged.

Several houses were inundated and lost to the giant waves. Mr. Aekachai Wijit, ‘Lek,’ 22 years old, one of the founders and now a leader of the youth group in Ban Ta Lay Nork, recounts the events of that unforgettable day when he was working on the beach behind the village. He was surprised when he found many more fish were trapped there than usual. However, he never realized that there would arise a disaster that would kill so many people around the world.

The next morning, Lek went with a friend of his to collect fertilizer for the rubber trees in his garden, which is near a cliff. Next to the cliff is a seemingly endless wide sea. Suddenly, he noticed long waves moving from the horizon to the coast. He could not identify what was happening but it continued and he became aware of the somber mood all around.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 53

ºŒÒ¹ËÅÒÂËÅѧ¶Ù¡¹éíÒ«Ñ´¨ÁËÒÂ仡Ѻ¤Å×è¹ÂÑ¡É ¤Ø³àÍ¡ªÑ ÇԨԵà ËÃ×Í àÅç¡ ÍÒÂØ 22 »‚ ˹Öè§ã¹¼ÙŒ¡‹ÍµÑé§áÅл˜¨¨ØºÑ¹à»š¹á¡¹¹íÒ ¡ÅØ‹ÁàÂÒǪ¹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡àÅ‹Ò¶Ö§à˵ءÒó Çѹ·Õèà¡Ô´¤Å×è¹ÂÑ¡É ãËŒ¿˜§ Í‹ҧäÁ‹ÁÕÇѹÅ×ÁàÅ×Í¹Ç‹Ò ¡‹Í¹Çѹà¡Ô´à˵ؤسàÅç¡ä»ÇÒ§Íǹ´Ñ¡»ÅÒ ·ÕèªÒÂËÒ´ËÅѧËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹ ¡çµŒÍ§á»Å¡ã¨ àÁ×èÍÁͧàËç¹»ÅÒÁÒµÔ´Íǹ ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò»¡µÔ ᵋäÁ‹ä´Œ¤Ô´Ç‹Ò¨Ðà¡Ô´à˵ءÒó àÅÇÌҷÕè¤Ã‹ÒªÕÇÔµ¼ÙŒ¤¹ ·ÑèÇâÅ¡ ઌÒÇѹµ‹ÍÁÒ ¤Ø³àÅç¡ä»ãÊ‹»Ø‰ÂÂÒ§¾ÒÃÒ·ÕèÊǹ¢Í§à¢Ò¡Ñºà¾×èÍ¹æ «Öè§ÍÂÙ‹µÔ´¡ÑºË¹ŒÒ¼Ò ÁͧÍ͡仨ÐàËç¹àÇÔ駷ÐàšnjҧÊØ´ÅÙ¡ËÙÅÙ¡µÒ ·Ñ¹ã´¹Ñé¹ à¢ÒÁͧàËç¹ÃÔéǤÅ×è¹ÊÕá´§ÂÒÇà¤Å×è͹µÑǨҡÃÔÁàÊŒ¹¢Íº¿‡Ò ࢌÒËÒ½˜›§ ÃÔéǤÅ×è¹ÊÕá´§·ÕèºÍ¡äÁ‹ä´ŒÇ‹Ò¤×ÍÍÐäÃà¤Å×è͹µÑÇã¡ÅŒà¢ŒÒÁÒ àÃ×èÍÂæ ¨¹à¢ÒÃÙŒÊÖ¡Ç‹ÒÍÒ¡ÒÈÃͺæ ÁÑÇ«ÑÇ ä»·Ñé§ËÁ´ à¢Ò¹Ôè§ Áͧ´Ù ´ŒÇ ¤ÇÒÁʧÊÑ Â ¡‹Í ¹¨ÐÊÐ¡Ô ´ ¶ÒÁà¾×èÍ ¹ «Öè§à¾×è͹¢Í§à¢Ò·íÒ䴌ᤋà¾Õ§ʧÊÑÂÇ‹Ò “¹‹Ò¨Ð໚¹ÃÔéǤÅ×è¹·ÕèÊзŒÍ¹ áʧÍҷԵ ” ËÅѧ¨Ò¡ãÊ‹»Ø‰Â¡ÅŒÒÂÒ§àÊÃç¨àÃÕºÌÍ à¢ÒáÅÐà¾×è͹ à´Ô¹Å§¨Ò¡Êǹ·Ò§´ŒÒ¹ËÅѧ¢Í§ÀÙà¢Ò ÊÑ¡»ÃÐÁÒ³ 20 ¹Ò·Õµ‹ÍÁÒ ¾Ç¡à¢Òä´ŒÂ¹Ô àÊÕ§´Ñ§¤ÅŒÒ¡ѺµŒ¹äÁŒË¡Ñ ⤋¹´Ñ§ÁÒ¨Ò¡ºÃÔàdz»†ÒªÒÂàŹ ´ŒÒ¹ËÅѧà¡ÒÐ ·Ñé§ËÁ´µ¡ã¨ ÃÕºÇÔè§Å§¨Ò¡ÀÙà¢ÒࢌÒÁÒÂѧËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹ ·Ñé§ËÁ´¾ºà¢ŒÒ¡Ñº¤Ø³¹ŒÒ¤¹Ë¹Ö觷ÕèÇÔ觡ÃÐË×´¡ÃÐËͺÊǹ·Ò§ ÁҾÌÍÁ¡ÑºµÐ⡹ºÍ¡Ç‹ÒãËŒÃÕºÇÔ觢Öé¹ÀÙà¢Ò µÍ¹¹Õé¤Å×è¹ÂÑ¡É à¢ŒÒ·‹ÇÁ ËÁÙº‹ ÒŒ ¹ËÁ´áÅŒÇ ·Ñ§é ËÁ´äÁ‹àª×Íè Ç‹Ò¹éÒí ¨Ð·‹ÇÁËÁÙº‹ ÒŒ ¹ à¾ÃÒТ³Ð¹Ñ¹é ᴴÌ͹ͺ͌ÒÇáÅÐäÁ‹Á½Õ ¹µ¡ ¹ŒÒ¤¹´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ ºÍ¡Ç‹Ò ÀÃÃÂҢͧᡠÍ͡仵¡»ÅÒ·ÃÒ¡ÅÒ§·ÐàÅáÅÐä´ŒàÊÕªÕÇԵŧ áÅйéÓµÒÅÙ¡¼ÙŒªÒ ¡çäËÅÍÒºÊͧᡌÁ àÁ×èÍ·Ñé§ 3 件֧ºÃÔàdzªÒÂËÒ´Íѹà¤Â໚¹ ·ÕèµÑé§ËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹¢Í§ªÒÇ»ÃÐÁ§ ÊÔ觡‹ÍÊÌҧ·Ø¡Í‹ҧÃÒǡѺÍѹµÃ¸Ò¹ ËÒÂä» äÁ‹ÁÕ«Ò¡ºŒÒ¹à´ÔÁ·Õè·Ø¡¤¹¤ØŒ¹à¤ÂËŧàËÅ×ÍÍÂÙ‹ ºŒÒ¹¢Í§àÅç¡ ÅÍÂËÒÂ仡Ѻ¤Å×è¹ÂÑ¡É ËÅѧ¨Ò¡à¡Ô´ÊÖ¹ÒÁÔ ÊÒ¸ÒùéíÒ㨢ͧ¤¹ä·Â·Ñ駻ÃÐà·È ÃÇÁ·Ñ駹éíÒ¾ÃÐÃÒªËÄ·Ñ¢ͧ¾‹ÍËÅǧ ä´ŒËÅÑè§äËÅŧä»Âѧ¾×é¹·Õè ·Õè»ÃÐʺÀÑÂÁÒ¡ÁÒ äÁ‹à©¾ÒÐËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡෋ҹÑé¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ÂѧÁÕ˹‹Ç§ҹµ‹Ò§æ ä´ŒãËŒ¡ÒÃͺÃÁãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ¤ÇÒÁࢌÒã¨àÃ×èͧ¡Òà ͹ØÃÑ¡É ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÍÕ¡´ŒÇ ¤ÇÒÁÊÁºÙó ¢Í§Ãкº¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÃкº¹ÔàÇÈ·ÕèËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ ºÇ¡¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁËÇÁáçËÇÁ㨢ͧªÒǺŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡·ÕèÁÕªÕÇԵẺ ¾Íà¾Õ§áÅоÖ觾ԧ¡Ñº¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔÁÒâ´ÂµÅÍ´ ·íÒãËŒ·Õè¹Õè¿„œ¹¤×¹ªÕÇÔµ Í‹ҧÃÇ´àÃçÇ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡Âѧ໚¹·ÕèµÑ駢ͧÁÙÅ¹Ô¸Ô ª‹ÇªÕÇÔµÊÑµÇ »†ÒáË‹§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ÍѹÁÕʋǹÊíÒ¤ÑÞ㹡ÒÃÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ ¤ÇÒÁÃÙ Œ ã ¹àÃ× è Í §¡ÒÃÍ¹Ø Ã Ñ ¡ É ¸ ÃÃÁªÒµÔ á ÅÐà¼Âá¾Ã‹ à Ã× è Í §ÃÒǨҡ ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡ÍÍ¡ÊÙ‹ÊÒ¸Òóª¹ 54 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

Uncertainty held him for a while. After consulting his friends, he thought is might be “striped waves reflected by the sun.” After finishing work, he joined his friend in walking down the garden. Around 20 minutes later, they heard a sound like trees being uprooted from the mangrove forest behind the island. They were scared and ran from the mountain to the village.

They met an adult who came hurrying from the opposite direction. He shouted to them to run back up the mountain because a giant wave was overrunning the village. At first, they could not accept that the village had been flooded because there had been no rain. Then the man said that his wife had gone into the sea to fish for whitebait and had been drowned. Then he began to cry out loud. As soon as the three of them reached the beach that used to be the location of the fishing village, they found that everything had just disappeared. The houses had not been ruined - just gone - like Lek’s house, which had been taken away by the giant wave.

After the Tsuanami, a stream of good will began to flow from the Thai people all over the country, in addition to the Royal kindness of His Majesty the King, to all of the affected areas, including Ban Tha Lay Nork village. In addition, a number of agencies provided training courses for people to understand environmental conservation.

Ways of life were restored quite quickly in Ban Tha Lay Nork village because of the fertility of nature, as well as the profusion of ecosystems, in addition to the cooperation of local people who have always enjoyed a life of self-sufficiency and dependence on nature. Moreover, the village is also a location for the Wild Animal rescues Foundation of Thailand, which is playing an important role in promoting knowledge about natural conservation and also helps to tell the story of Ban Tha Lay Nork village to the rest of the world.

One particular project perfectly reflects the concept of conservation as it is understood by the local people: this is the “Bring Back Had Tha Lay Nork, the Traditional Place for Leatherback Turtles.” This is a large turtle found only in the Andaman coastal area with a body of approximately 150-180 cm in length and a weight of some 300-600 kg.

It is currently threatened with extinction but some remaining turtles can still be found yearly in the village from OctoberMarch.

In November 2005, the local people found four turtle nests and 86 baby turtles. In March 2006, they found two more turtle nest but in only one of them did baby turtles hatch from eggs. The other nest was destroyed by a lizard or something similar. Also, some baby turtles died because of the heat. So, local people and the Wild Animal Rescue Foundation of Thailand became united in their desire to save the Andaman turtles.

Moreover, they have cooperated in developing the ecological tourism system of Ban Tha Lay Nork village until it has become strong and sustainable. It has also won an award for being a leading Ecological Tourism Village 2008 from the Tourism Authority of Thailand. There are home stay

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ÀÒÂ㵌ÇԡĵԡÒó ÂѧÁÕâÍ¡ÒÊ ¡ÅØ‹ÁàÂÒǪ¹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡ àµÔºâµ¢Öé¹ËÅѧà˵ءÒó ÊÖ¹ÒÁÔ ¼‹Ò¹¤ÇÒÁª‹ÇÂàËÅ×ͧͧ͢¤ ¡Ã àÍ¡ª¹¡ÅØ‹Áµ‹Ò§æ ·ÕèãËŒâÍ¡Òʽƒ¡ÍºÃÁãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒàÃ×èͧ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹àªÔ§ ͹ØÃÑ¡É ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¤Ø³àÅç¡àÅ‹ÒÇ‹Ò “ª‹Ç§áá ¡ÅØ‹ÁàÂÒǪ¹¢Í§àÃÒ ¡‹ÍµÑ駢Öé¹´ŒÇÂáç㨢ͧà´ç¡æ 5 ¤¹ ·Õè໚¹á¡¹¹íÒ Ã‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹»ÅÙ¡»†Ò ¿„œ¹¿ÙÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§ªØÁª¹·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¾ÔºÑµÔÀÑÂ㹤ÃÑ駹Õé” ¨Ò¡¡ÅØ‹Áà¾×è͹¡ÅØ‹ÁàÅç¡æ ·ÕèËÇÁ¡Ñ¹·íÒ§Ò¹´ŒÇ¤ÇÒÁµÑé§ã¨ ¡ÅØ‹ÁàÂÒǪ¹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡¡‹Í¡íÒà¹Ô´¢Öé¹´ŒÇÂÁÔµÃÀÒ¾áÅФÇÒÁÃÑ¡ 㹪ØÁª¹ºŒÒ¹à¡Ô´ ᵋÅФÃÑ駷Õèä»áÊ´§ÅФÃËØ‹¹ËÑÇâµ ·Ò§Ë¹‹Ç§ҹ ·Õ赌ͧ¡ÒÃãËŒä»áÊ´§¨ÐÍÍ¡¤‹Ò㪌¨‹ÒÂ㹡ÒÃà´Ô¹·Ò§ãËŒ ઋ¹ Êíҹѡ§Ò¹à¢µÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É ÊÑµÇ »†Ò Êíҹѡ§Ò¹ÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔáËÅÁʹ áÅÐͧ¤ ¡Òáͧ·Ø¹à´ç¡ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È (The United Nations Children’s Fund - UNICEF) ·Õèãˌ价íҧҹËÇÁ¡Ñ¹à¾×èÍ¿„œ¹¿ÙÊÀÒ¾ ¨Ôµã¨ËÅѧÀÑÂÊÖ¹ÒÁÔ

and conservative activities available there: life study of the fishing people; visiting the mangrove forests; trying the herbal soaps of housewife groups; scuba diving and coral viewing; nature study; watching wildlife at the Wild Animal Rescue Foundation of Thailand; enjoying the sunset, buffalo spa visit; fishing; batik cloth making; bicycling and many more activities are possible.

There are also guidelines for volunteers in terms of community development such as beach area development, mangrove forest - beach forest growing, Thai-English teaching for children, school area development activities, community public place development activities, dock development and utilization of abundant wastes and so forth. All the activities are created as a result of the cooperation of Ban Tha Lay Nork people.

The Youth Group of Ban Tha Lay Nork and the Big-Head Puppet Theatre

Crisis always brings opportunity. The young people of Ban Tha Lay Nork who grew up after the Tsunami disaster have been supported by various elements in the private sector, who have been responsible in providing training concerning environmental conservation. As Khun Lek observes, “At first, our youth group was established as a result of the inspiration of five children who become the leaders. They joined together to grow a forest and to restore the environmental conditions of the community, which had been affected by the catastrophe.”

This small group of friends worked as hard as they could. The young peoples’ group was created as a result of their friendship and love of their home village. Whenever they perform, they are supported by international agencies for their travel expenses, including the Office of Sanctuary, the Office of Laem Son National Park and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Who have all cooperated after the Tsunami.

The youth group has used the big-head puppet theatre as a medium to tell the story of the Tsunami and of nature conservation for more than two years. Some members have left the group because they have got married and started their own families. The idea now is to expand their network to include additional people. Students from Ban Tha Lay Nork Primary School, as well as children within the community area, have been persuaded to collect waste materials at the beach and to establish a savings group.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 55

¡ÅØ‹ÁàÂÒǪ¹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡㪌ÅФÃËØ‹¹ËÑÇâµà»š¹Ê×èÍ¡ÅÒ§ ºÍ¡àÅ‹ÒàÃ×èͧÃÒǢͧÊÖ¹ÒÁÔËÃ×Í¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔÁÒ¡Ç‹Ò 2 »‚ ¨¹µ‹ÍÁÒ à¾×è͹æ 㹡ÅØ‹ÁµŒÍ§ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¡ÅØ‹Áà¾ÃÒкҧʋǹᵋ§§Ò¹ ÁÕ¤Ãͺ¤ÃÑÇ ¨Ö§ä´Œ¤Ô´¢ÂÒ¡ÅØ‹Á ÊÌҧà¤Ã×Í¢‹ÒÂàÃ×èͧ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ·íÒ§Ò¹¡Ñº¡ÅØ‹Áà´ç¡»ÃжÁã¹âçàÃÕ¹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡áÅÐã¹ÅÐáÇ¡ ªØÁª¹ ªÑ¡ªÇ¹ãËŒà´ç¡æ ÍÍ¡ÁÒà¡çº¢ÂкÃÔàdzªÒÂËÒ´áÅШѴµÑé§ ¡ÅØ‹ÁÍÍÁ·ÃѾ ¢ÂÐ໚¹»˜ÞËÒãËÞ‹áÅÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·Õè¨ÐµŒÍ§ãËŒà´ç¡æ áÅÐ ¤¹ã¹ªØÁª¹µÃÐ˹ѡ¶Ö§ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡àÃÔèÁªÑ¡ªÇ¹à´ç¡æ 㹪ØÁª¹ ÁÒà¡çº¢ÂÐáÅŒÇ ¤Ø³àÅç¡ºÍ¡Ç‹Ò ¾Ç¡àÃÒÂѧóç¤ ãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒàÃ×èͧ ¢ÂÐÃÕä«à¤ÔÅáÅСÒäѴá¡¢ÂÐ «Ö觵‹ÍÁÒä´Œ·íҧҹËÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÅØ‹Á Íѹ´ÒÁѹ ´ÔʤͿàÇÍÃÕè â´ÂÁÕ ¤Ø³ÅÑ´´Ò ÍÒ¨ËÒÞ ËÃ×Í ¾Ôé§ à»š¹¼ÙŒ»ÃÐÊÒ¹§Ò¹µÔ´µ‹Í ¨Ñ´µÑé§à¤Ã×Í¢‹ÒÂàÂÒÇ·íÒ§Ò¹àÃ×èͧ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¤Çº¤Ù‹¡Ñ¹ä»´ŒÇ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé Âѧ·íÒâ¤Ã§¡ÒÃÍÍÁà¾×è;‹Í áÅЪÁÃÁàÂÒǪ¹ÃÑ¡¡ÒÃÍ‹Ò¹ÍÕ¡´ŒÇ â¤Ã§¡ÒÃÍÍÁà¾×è;‹Í ໚¹â¤Ã§¡Ò÷Õè·Ò§¡ÅØ‹ÁÏ Ê͹ãËŒà´ç¡ ÃÙŒ¨Ñ¡¡ÒÃÍ´ÍÍÁà¾×èÍ͹Ҥµ â´Âà´ç¡æ ·ÕèࢌÒËÇÁâ¤Ã§¡ÒèеѴ ¡Ãк͡äÁŒä¼‹ÁÒ·íÒ¡ÃлءÍÍÁÊÔ¹áÅŒÇËÂÍ´à§Ô¹ãˌ䴌Í‹ҧ¹ŒÍ ÇѹÅÐ 1 ºÒ· áÅŒÇᢋ§¢Ñ¹¡Ñ¹Ç‹Òã¤Ã¨ÐÍ´ÍÍÁä´ŒÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò¡Ñ¹ áÅÐ ¨Ð·íÒ¡ÒÃàªç¤ÂÍ´à§Ô¹ÍÍÁ¡Ñ¹·Ø¡æ 3 à´×͹ â´Â¤Ø³¾Ôé§áÅÐà¾×è͹æ ãËŒª×èÍÇѹ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇÇ‹Ò “Çѹ¡Ãлءᵡ” à§Ô¹·Õèä´Œ¨Ð¹íÒ份ҡ¡Í§·Ø¹ ËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹áÅлŋÍ¡ٌ à´ç¡áµ‹ÅФ¹¨ÐÁÕÊÁØ´ÍÍÁ·ÃѾ áÅÐä´ŒÃѺ ´Í¡àºÕé¨ҡ¡ÒáٌÂ×Á â´ÂÅѡɳСԨ¡ÃÃÁ¨Ð໚¹¡Ò÷íҧҹËÇÁ¡Ñ¹ ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§à´ç¡áÅмٌãËދ㹪ØÁª¹ áÅÐã¹Çѹ¹Ñ鹨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃáÊ´§ÅФà ËØ‹¹ËÑÇâµÍÕ¡´ŒÇ ¤Ø³¾Ôé§ºÍ¡Ç‹Ò ááàÃÔèÁä´Œ¨Ñ´»ÃЪØÁ¼ÙŒ»¡¤Ãͧ¢Í§à´ç¡æ ÃÇÁ·Ñ駤س¤ÃÙà¾×èÍãËŒàË繤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧ¡ÒÃÍÍÁáÅÐá¡¡Ñ¹ä» ¨Ñ´¡Òà â´Â¤Ø³¤ÃÙ¨ÐãËŒà´ç¡¹Ñ¡àÃÕ¹ÃÙ¨Œ ¡Ñ ¡ÒÃÍÍÁà§Ô¹·Õâè çàÃÕ¹ʹÍÍÁ ʋǹ¡ÅØÁ‹ àÂÒǪ¹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡¨Ð·íÒ§Ò¹¡Ñºà´ç¡æ 㹪ØÁª¹ «Ö§è ä´ŒÃºÑ ¡ÒõͺÃѺ໚¹Í‹ҧ´Õ ੾ÒÐà§Ô¹·Ø¹·ÕÁè Ò¨Ò¡¡ÅØÁ‹ à´ç¡ã¹¡Í§·Ø¹ËÁÙº‹ ÒŒ ¹ ÊÃØ»ÂÍ´»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ (à´×͹ÁÕ¹Ò¤Á) ÁÕÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 30,000 ºÒ· ʋǹ¡ÒÃáÊ´§ÅФÃËØ‹¹ËÑÇâµ ¡ÅØ‹ÁàÂÒǪ¹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡ ¨Ð»ÃЪØÁ¡Ñ¹·Ø¡æ à´×͹ Ç‹Òã¹áµ‹ÅÐà´×͹¨ÐáÊ´§àÃ×èͧÍÐäà ઋ¹ àÃ×èͧ¡ÒÃÃÕä«à¤ÔÅ¢ÂÐ ¡ÒûÅÙ¡»†Ò ¡ÒÃÃÐÁÑ´ÃÐÇѧâäàÍ´Ê Ã³Ã§¤ »‡Í§¡Ñ¹àÃ×èͧÂÒàʾµÔ´ â´Â·Õè·Ø¡¤¹ã¹¡ÅØ‹Á¨Ðª‹Ç¡ѹà¢Õ¹º·áÅРʤÃÔ»µ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§Í͡ẺàÊ×éͼŒÒáÅСÒÃáÊ´§¡Ñ¹àͧ

56 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

Waste is the big issue and it is important that children are aware of this. Khun Lek emphasizes that in addition to persuading the youngsters of the importance of collecting waste but also of the need to separate and recycle it.

This provides an opportunity to work with the Andaman Discovery Group. For example, Khun Ladda Ardharn (“Pink”) is involved with establishing a youth network for environmental conservation, while there is also a “Savings for Father” project and a book club.

The “Savings for Father” project has been to teach children to save money for their future. The children who participate in this project will cut a bamboo tube to make a piggy bank and fill it with at least one Baht per day. They compete with each other to be the one who economises the most. The sum will be checked every three months on a day called “Broken Piggy Bank Day.” All the money will be deposited at the village fund so as to make loans available.

Each child has a savings book and can receive interest from the loan. This activity involves cooperation between children and adults within the community. There is also the big-head puppet theatre show on the same day.

Khun Pink says that, at first, a conference involving the parents of children including teachers was created to help them realize the importance of savings and to let them work it out for themselves. The teachers asked their students to save money, while the youth group of Ban Tha Lay Nork worked with other children who welcomed this. For the capital from children stored in the village fund, the total sum amounts already to more than 30,000 Baht (March).

For the big-head puppet theatre, the young people discuss on a monthly basis what they will perform for the forthcoming month. For example, they might include a story of recycling waste, forest growing, AIDS prevention, a drugs prevention campaign and so forth. They help each other to do script writing, as well as designing costumes and acting.

In terms of technical information, the group does pursue knowledge from several sectors, such as the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, technical documents concerning mangrove forest growing, coastal mangrove conservation groups and Internet sources and academic articles, both government and private sector, such as the Andaman Discovery Map Group, the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources and the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment. At present, the youth group continues to attempt to persuade the local people to participate in the mangrove forest growing project to expand its area all over the beach. Furthermore, the Discovery Tourism Club Group also suggests that tourists come to help grow mangrove forest, which can be considered as a promotion of ecological tourism with the community. The local people set the rule that that if one tree is cut down, then ten more must be planted as compensation.

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅœÍÁáÅÐÁžÔÉ Environment and Pollution ã¹Ê‹Ç¹¢Í§¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Ò§´ŒÒ¹ÇÔªÒ¡Òà ¡ÅØÁ‹ àÂÒǪ¹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡ ä´ŒáÊǧËÒ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ¨Ò¡Ë¹‹Ç§ҹµ‹Ò§æ ·Ñ駡ÃÁ·ÃѾÂҡ÷ҧ·ÐàÅ áÅЪÒ½˜›§ ¡ÃзÃǧ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ àÍ¡ÊÒà ·Ò§ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡ÒûÅÙ¡»†ÒªÒÂàŹ ¡ÅØ‹Á͹ØÃÑ¡É »†ÒªÒÂàŹ ºÃÔàdzªÒ½˜›§ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§ÍÔ¹à·Íà à¹çµáÅк·¤ÇÒÁÇÔªÒ¡Òõ‹Ò§æ Í‹ҧÃͺ´ŒÒ¹ ·Ñ駨ҡÀÒ¤ÃÑ°áÅÐÀÒ¤àÍ¡ª¹ ઋ¹ ¡ÅØ‹ÁÍѹ´ÒÁѹ ´ÔʤͿàÇÍÃÕè áÁ¿ ¡ÃÁ·ÃѾÂҡ÷ҧ·ÐàÅáÅЪÒ½˜›§ ¡ÃзÃǧ ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ »˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ¡ÅØÁ‹ àÂÒǪ¹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡ ÂѧªÑ¡ªÇ¹ªÒǺŒÒ¹·íÒâ¤Ã§¡ÒûÅÙ¡»†ÒªÒÂàŹ¢ÂÒ¾×é¹·ÕèÍÍ¡ä» ·Ñé§ËÒ´ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ¡ÅØ‹ÁªÁÃÁ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ´ÔʤͿàÇÍà ÃÕèÂѧªÑ¡ªÇ¹ ¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇࢌÒÁÒ»ÅÙ¡»†Ò«Öè§à»š¹¡ÒÃÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁàÃ×èͧ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇàªÔ§ ¹ÔàÇÈËÇÁ¡ÑºªØÁª¹ â´ÂªÒǺŒÒ¹¡ç¨ÐÁÕ¡®Ç‹ÒËÒ¡µÑ´ 1 µŒ¹ ¡ç¨ÐµŒÍ§»ÅÙ¡à¾ÔèÁ 10 µŒ¹ ¤Ø³àÅç¡àÅ‹ÒÇ‹Ò¤ÃÑé§áá·ÕèࢌÒÃѺ¡ÒÃͺÃÁàÃ×èͧ¡Ò÷íÒÅФÃËØ‹¹ à¢ÒäÁ‹à¢ŒÒã¨Ç‹Òà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§Í‹ҧäáѺ§Ò¹Í¹ØÃÑ¡É áµ‹àÁ×èÍä´Œ»¯ÔºÑµÔ¨ÃÔ§æ áÅŒÇ ¾ºÇ‹Ò¡ÒÃ㪌ÅФÃËØ‹¹à»š¹Ê×èͨЪ‹ÇÂãËŒ¤¹à¢ŒÒ¶Ö§áÅÐࢌÒ㨠àÃ×èͧÃÒÇ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁä´ŒÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ â´ÂàÃÔèÁ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàÂ纵ÑÇËØ‹¹ ËÑÇËØ‹¹ µÔ´µÒ µºáµ‹§ãºË¹ŒÒµÒÁᵋ¨Ô¹µ¹Ò¡Òà ¨Ø´à´‹¹ ¤×Í µÑÇËØ‹¹ ¨ÐÁÕÅѡɳÐËÑÇâµ »Ò¡ÍŒÒä´Œ¡ÇŒÒ§ ·íÒãËŒ¢ÂѺ¾Ù´ àÅ‹¹áÅÐÌͧµÒÁ à¹×éÍàÃ×èͧ·Õèᵋ§ä´ŒÍ‹ҧÊдǡ§‹Ò´Ò ¤ÃÑé§Ë¹Öè§ ÁÕ¡ÒÃáÊ´§ ã¹à¹×Íé àÃ×Íè §·Õàè ¡ÕÂè Ç¢ŒÍ§¡Ñºà˵ءÒó Ê¹Ö ÒÁÔ Ç‹ÒÊÖ¹ÒÁÔà¡Ô´¢Ö¹é à¾ÃÒÐÍÐäà ËÃ×Í·íÒäÁ¨Ö§ä´Œà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ àÃÔèÁµŒ¹áÊ´§¨Ò¡ªØÁª¹¢Í§µÑÇàͧáÅŒÇ à¢ŒÒÊÙ‹âçàÃÕ¹Í×è¹æ 㹨ѧËÇÑ´ã¡ÅŒà¤Õ§ ઋ¹ âçàÃÕ¹ºÒ§¡ÅŒÇ¹͡ âçàÃÕ¹ÊØ¢ÊíÒÃÒÞ âçàÃÕ¹ä·ÂÃÑ° 67 (ºŒÒ¹¹Ò¾ÃØ) ÅФÃËØ‹¹ËÑÇâµà» ´âçáÊ´§ä´ŒÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ˹Öè§ ¨¹¡ÃзÑ觵ŒÍ§ » ´·íÒ¡ÒôŒÇÂà§×Íè ¹ä¢¢Í§à§Ô¹·Ø¹áÅÐÀÒáԨ¢Í§ÊÁҪԡ㹡ÅØÁ‹ ·Õµè ÍŒ § ä»ÈÖ¡ÉÒµ‹Í (»ÃÐÁÒ³ 6 à´×͹) µÑÇËØ‹¹¶Ù¡à¡çº âçÅФö١·Ôé§ÃŒÒ§ äÁ‹ä´Œ¹íÒÁÒáÊ´§ÍÕ¡ àËÅ×Íà¾Õ§¤ÇÒÁ·Ã§¨íÒáÅлÃСÒ¤ÇÒÁËÇѧ ¢Í§à´ç¡æ ¡ÅØ‹Á¹Õé·Õè¨Ðä´ŒËÂÔºÅФÃËØ‹¹ËÑÇâµÁÒ·íÒ¡ÒÃáÊ´§ÍÕ¡¤ÃÑé§ áÁŒ¡ÒÃáÊ´§´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒǨÐà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÅØ‹ÁàÂÒǪ¹à¾Õ§¡ÅØ‹ÁàÅç¡æ 㹪ØÁª¹¡çµÒÁ ᵋ¡ÅØÁ‹ àÂÒǪ¹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàŹ͡Âѧ¤§Áا‹ ÁÑ¹è ·Õ¨è ÐàÅ‹ÒàÃ×Íè § ÀÒÇÐâšÌ͹ãËŒ¤¹ã¹ªØÁª¹ä´ŒµÃÐ˹ѡ¶Ö§ÀÑÂã¡ÅŒµÑÇ·Õ衋ͼšÃзº ãËÞ‹ËÅǧᡋÁ¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ â´Â੾ÒÐàÃ×èͧ¢ÂÐ㹪ØÁª¹·Õè¹Í¡¨Ò¡¨Ð à» ´·íÒ¡ÒÃáÊ´§àÃ×èͧ¡Ò÷Ô駢ÂÐãˌ໚¹·ÕèáÅŒÇ ¡ÅØ‹ÁàÂÒǪ¹ºŒÒ¹·ÐàÅ ¹Í¡Âѧ¹íÒà´ç¡æ 㹪ØÁª¹ÍÍ¡à¡çº¢ÂСѹ·Ø¡æ ÇѹÍҷԵ ÍÕ¡´ŒÇ ÊÔè§ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¤×Í ¹Í¡¨Ò¡ä´ŒáÊ´§ÍÍ¡à¾×èÍÊ×èÍàÃ×èͧÃÒÇÍ‹ҧ ʹءʹҹáÅŒÇ ¡ÒÃáÊ´§ÅФÃËØ‹¹ËÑÇâµÂѧ䴌·íÒãËŒà´ç¡æ ¡ÅØ‹Á¹Õé ÃÙŒ¨Ñ¡âÅ¡¡ÇŒÒ§ ÃÙŒ¨Ñ¡à¾×è͹áÅÐà¤Ã×Í¢‹Ò¤¹·íÒ§Ò¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·Õè໚¹ àÊÁ×͹áç¡íÒÅѧãËŒ¾Ç¡à¢Ò¡ŒÒÇà´Ô¹µ‹Í仺¹àÊŒ¹·Ò§¢Í§§Ò¹Í¹ØÃÑ¡É ÊÔè§à´ÕÂÇ·ÕèÂѧ໚¹¤ÇÒÁËÇѧ ¤×Í ¡Òö‹Ò·ʹ¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´áÅмÅÔµ ¹Ñ¡Í¹ØÃ¡Ñ É Ã¹‹Ø àÂÒÇ Ã¹‹Ø µ‹Íä»ãËŒ¹Òí ÅФÃËع‹ ËÑÇâµÁÒ໚¹à¤Ã×Íè §Á×Í㹡Òà Ê×èÍÊÒÃàÃ×èͧ¡Ò÷íҧҹ͹ØÃÑ¡É à¾×èÍ¾Ô·Ñ¡É âÅ¡Í‹ҧäÁ‹·ŒÍ¶ÍÂ

Khun Lek observes that at the beginning of the puppet theatre training course, they didn’t understand how it could be related to conservation work. Once they really did it, they found that the puppet theatre did help people realize and understand more about environmental conservation. They began with sewing the puppet’s body, head, eyes, make up of the face according to their imagination. Its characteristic is that the puppet has a big-head and is able to open its mouth wide to pretend to be speaking and singing along with the story. Once, there was a show based on the story of the Tsunami catastrophe to explain how and why it occurs. They began to perform inside their village, then moved to other schools in the nearby provinces, including Bang Kluay Nork school, Suk Sumrarn school and Thairath school 67 (Ban Na Pru).

The big-head puppet theatre has performed for a while, although it has been scheduled to meet a deadline when group members must consider their future studies within another six months. Currently, the puppets rest and remain as a good memory among people until another generation of people is ready to take them up again.

Despite being created by a small group of young people in a very local context, those involved have been determined to make communities aware of global climate change and to help people in local communities understand how their actions have an impact upon global change. This is particularly true about waste collection: the group makes a performance of this and then the children of the village concerned do rubbish collection activities.

The important thing is, in addition to the comedy that expresses a story, the big-head puppet theatre helps this group of young people to understand more the world outside, to meet new friends and establish a network of people working for the environment, which becomes a form of moral support for them to continue along the path of conservation. The one remaining hope is to transfer ideas and to keep producing young conservationists to bring the big-head puppet theatre as a means to express the way in which conservation work can protect the world.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 57

¹” Í § ‹ áÁ Ò í é ¹ Á ‹ Ø Å è Õ · ¹ é × ¾ ã¹ Á Ç Ã‹ ¹ Ç ‹ Ê Õ §Á Ò ‹ Â Í Œ äÁ † Ò “á¹Ç·Ò§ºÃÔËÒèѴ¡Òû ach ro p p A t n e m e g a n a M t s re o F “Participatory s” a re A d e h rs te a W n o g N e a M in the ÀÒ¾à˵ءÒó ´Ô¹â¤Å¹¶Å‹ÁáÅйéíÒ»†ÒäËÅ·ÐÅѡࢌҷ‹ÇÁ ËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹¨íҹǹÁÒ¡ºÃÔàdz¾×é¹·Õè µ.áÁ‹§Í¹ Í.½Ò§ ¨.àªÕ§ãËÁ‹ àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 8 µØÅÒ¤Á 2549 ¹Ñºà»š¹ÀѾԺѵԨҡ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ·ÕèÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒ·Ñ駵‹ÍªÕÇÔµ ·ÃѾ ÊÔ¹ áÅСÅÒÂ໚¹ÀÒ¾ âÈ¡¹Ò¯¡ÃÃÁ·ÕèÂѧ¤§ÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁËÇÒ´ËÇÑè¹áÅй‹ÒÊоÃÖ§¡ÅÑÇ à»š¹Í‹ҧÁÒ¡µ‹Í¼ÙŒ¤¹·ÕèÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙ‹ã¹à¢µ¾×é¹·Õè à˵ءÒó 㹤ÃÑ駹Ñé¹ÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂãËŒªÒǺŒÒ¹µíҺŠáÁ‹§Í¹¡Ç‹Ò 15 ËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹ ºŒÒ¹àÃ×͹¡Ç‹Ò 445 ËÅѧ¤ÒàÃ×͹ ¶Ù¡¡ÃÐáʹéíÒÍѹàªÕèÂÇ¡ÃÒ¡«Ñ´âËÁ¡ÃÐ˹èíÒÍ‹ҧ˹ѡ àÊŒ¹·Ò§ ¡ÒèÃÒ¨ÃËÅÒÂÊÒ¶١µÑ´¢Ò´ ÃÇÁÁÙŤ‹Ò¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒ·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ ¡Ç‹Ò 100 ŌҹºÒ· ¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒ´ѧ¡Å‹ÒÇÂѧÃÇÁ件֧âç§Ò¹ ËÅǧÍÒËÒÃÊíÒàÃç¨ÃÙ» â¤Ã§¡ÒÃËÅǧ´Í¤íÒ «Ö§è µÑ§é ¢Ö¹é ໚¹áË‹§áá ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â 58 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

Scene of mudslide and floods at Tambon Mae Ngon, Amphoe Fang, Chiang Mai province on October 8th, 2006 represent a natural disaster that caused great lost both properties and life. This is a genuine catastrophe which stil haunts many local people in the affected areas.

This disaster destroyed up to 15 vil ages. More than 445 houses were overwhelmed by very turbulent currents. Many traffic routes were cut off. The total cost of the damage was as much as 100 mil ion Baht. This disaster also destroyed the Royal food plant projects, the Doi Kham Royal Project, the first Royal food project in Thailand.

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅœÍÁáÅÐÁžÔÉ Environment and Pollution ´ŒÇÂÅѡɳÐÀÙÁÔ»ÃÐà·ÈºÃÔàdz¾×é¹·ÕèÅØ‹Á¹éíҧ͹໚¹ÀÙà¢ÒÊÙ§ ·ÕèÃÒºÊÅѺà¹Ô¹à¢Ò áÅÐ໚¹ËغàËÇÅÖ¡«Öè§à¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒáÃзíҢͧ ¡ÃÐáʹéíÒ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐ »ÃСͺ¡Ñº»ÃÔÁÒ³¹éíÒ½¹·ÕèÁÒ¡¨Ö§ÁÕÍѵÃÒ¡Òà ¾Ñ§·ÅÒ¢ͧ´Ô¹ÊÙ§ ÂÔè§à»š¹µÑÇà˧·Õè·íÒãËŒà¾ÔèÁÍѵÃÒ¤ÇÒÁàÊÕ觵‹Í ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´´Ô¹â¤Å¹¶Å‹ÁáÅйéíÒ»†ÒäËÅËÅÒ¡ «Öè§â´Â»¡µÔáÅŒÇ à¢µµíÒºÅáÁ‹§Í¹¹Õéã¹Ä´Ù½¹»ÃÔÁÒ³¹éíÒ¨ÐÁÒ¡à¡Ô¹¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡Òà ᵋã¹Ä´ÙáÅŒ§ªÒǺŒÒ¹¡ÅѺµŒÍ§à¼ªÔޡѺÀÒÇФÇÒÁáËŒ§áÅŒ§ Í‹ҧ˹ѡ ¹Ñºà»š¹¾ÃÐÁËÒ¡ÃسҸԤسáË‹§Í§¤ ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐà·¾Ãѵ¹ÃÒªÊØ´ÒÏ ÊÂÒÁºÃÁÃÒª¡ØÁÒÃÕ·Õèä´Œàʴ稾ÃÐÃÒª´íÒà¹Ô¹·Ã§àÂÕèÂÁ ÃÒɮ÷Õè»ÃÐʺÍØ·¡ÀÑ ³ ºŒÒ¹ÂÒ§ µ.áÁ‹§Í¹ Í.½Ò§ ¨.àªÕ§ãËÁ‹ àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 18 Á¡ÃÒ¤Á 2550 Ê‹§¼ÅãËŒà¡Ô´ â¤Ã§¡ÒÃ¾Ñ ² ¹ÒÅØ ‹ Á ¹é í Ò áÁ‹ § ͹µÒÁ¾ÃÐÃÒª´í Ò ÃÔ Ê Áà´ç ¨ ¾ÃÐà·¾Ãѵ¹ÃÒªÊØ´ÒÏ ÊÂÒÁºÃÁÃÒª¡ØÁÒÃÕ¢Öé¹ â´ÂÁØ‹§¿„œ¹¿ÙáÅÐ ÃÑ¡ÉÒÃкº¹ÔàÇÈ»†ÒäÁŒ à¾×èÍ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹¡Òþѧ·ÅÒ¢ͧ˹ŒÒ´Ô¹ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡ÒúÃÔËÒèѴ¡Ò÷ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ Í‹ҧÁÕʋǹËÇÁâ´ÂÍÒÈÑ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹à¾×èÍ͹ØÃÑ¡É ¿„œ¹¿Ù áÅÐ ºÃÃà·Ò¼Å¡Ãзºµ‹Í·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§ ªØÁª¹ â´Â¾ÃÐͧ¤ ·Ã§¾ÃÐÃÒª·Ò¹á¹Ç·Ò§à¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡Òÿ„œ¹¿Ù ÊÀÒ¾»†ÒäÁŒ ¡ÒèѴ·Õè·íҡԹᡋÃÒɮà ¡ÒèѴ⫹¹Ôè§ áÅÐ Ê‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡ÒûÅÙ¡ËÞŒÒὡà¾×èͪ‹ÇÂ͹ØÃÑ¡É ´Ô¹áÅйéíÒ â´ÂÁÕ á¼¹´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ª‹Ç§ááÃÐÂÐ 5 »‚ (¾.È. 2551-2555)

The areas around Mae Ngon watershed area are highly mountainous, with hil s and deep dales occurred from scouring currents. Moreover, heavy rain causes significant rates of soil erosion that accelerates the risk of mudslide and flooding. Actually, there is an excess of water during the rainy season at Tambon Mae Ngon, while people suffered from serious drought during the dry season.

It is the kindness of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn to visit the people who suffer from the flood in Banyang, Tambon Mae Ngon, Amphoe Fang, Chiang Mai province on January 18th, 2007.

Accordingly Mae Ngon development was established by the thoughts of Her Royal Highness, the project was aimed to restore and protect the remaining forest ecosystems in order to prevent further soil erosion.

The objective was also to organize natural resources and environmental management on a participatory basis, which depend on the operation to conserve, rehabilitate, and relieve the impact on natural resources and the community environment. Her Royal Highness suggested forest restoration, rehabilitating landuse for people, zoning, and promoting vetiver grass planting to conserve soil and water.

This project has an initial operation plan of five years (2008-2012).

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 59

¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹º¹¾×é¹°Ò¹¢Í§ªÕÇÔµ¨ÃÔ§ : ¤¹µŒÍ§ÍÂًËÇÁ¡Ñº»†Òä´Œ “·ŒÍ§µŒÍ§ÍÔèÁ ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¨Ö§¨ÐäÁ‹àÊÕÂËÒ” ¨Ò¡¡Òþٴ¤Ø¡Ѻ¤Ø³¤³Ôµ Ãѵ¹ÇѲ¹ ¡ØÅ ËÑÇ˹ŒÒâ¤Ã§¡Òà ¾Ñ²¹ÒÅØ‹Á¹éíÒáÁ‹§Í¹µÒÁ¾ÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÔÏ ÊÔè§Ë¹Ö觷Õè·Ò§â¤Ã§¡ÒÃÏ µŒÍ§¡ÒÃ์¹ÂéÒí ¤×Í ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹Í‹ҧÁÕÊÇ‹ ¹Ã‹ÇÁ¢Í§·Ø¡ÀҤʋǹ ·Ñé§ã¹ÃٻẺ¢Í§Í§¤ ¡Ã ªØÁª¹áÅÐà¤Ã×Í¢‹Ò ·Ñé§ÀÒ¤ÃÑ°áÅÐ àÍ¡ª¹ ÀÒÂ㵌ËÅÑ¡ “ªØÁª¹µŒÍ§àÃÕ¹ÃÙŒ´ŒÇµ¹àͧ” â´ÂÍÒÈÑ ¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×͡ѹ Íѹ¹Õéàͧ໚¹ËÑÇã¨ÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧ¡ÒÃÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁ ࢌÁá¢ç§áÅÐÂÑè§Â×¹ãËŒà¡Ô´á¡‹ªØÁª¹ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹Ãкºà¡ÉµÃàªÔ§à´ÕèÂÇ໚¹ÃкºÇ¹à¡ÉµÃ áÅÐ ÃÑ¡ÉÒ¾×é¹·Õ軆ҺÃÔàdzÅØ‹Á¹éíÒáÁ‹§Í¹äÇŒ â´Â㪌á¹Ç¾ÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÔ »ÅÙ¡äÁŒ 3 Í‹ҧ »ÃÐ⪹ 4 Í‹ҧ ¡ÒûÅÙ¡ËÞŒÒὡà¾×èÍ ¡ÒÃ͹ØÃÑ¡É ´Ô¹áÅйéíÒ ¡ÒÃÊÌҧ½ÒªÐÅ͹éíÒà¾×èÍà¾ÔèÁ¤ÇÒÁ ÍØ´ÁÊÁºÙó á¡‹¾×é¹·Õè ¡ÒÃÊÌҧ¸¹Ò¤ÒêØÁª¹ ¸¹Ò¤Òÿ„¹ »†ÒªØÁª¹ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ»ÅÙ¡»†Òã¹ã¨¤¹ â´Â¡Òà ¤Ñ´àÅ×Í¡µÑÇá·¹ÃÒÉ®Ãࢌҽƒ¡ÍºÃÁ ¡ÒÃà¾ÒÐáÅÐᨡ¨‹Ò¡ŌÒäÁŒ ¡ÒèѴ·íÒá¹Ç»‡Í§¡Ñ¹ä¿»†Ò ¡ÒûÅÙ¡½˜§¨ÔµÊíÒ¹Ö¡ÃÑ¡É »Ò† á¡‹àÂÒǪ¹ ¼‹Ò¹¡ÒèѴµÑ駡ÅØ‹Á “ÂØÇǹ¡Ã” àËÅ‹Ò¹ÕéŌǹ໚¹¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ à¾×èÍÊÒ¹µ‹Í¡Ò÷íҧҹ㹡ÒþѲ¹ÒÅØ‹Á¹éíÒáÁ‹§Í¹·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ “àÃÒä´ŒÁÕ¡ÒûÅÙ¡ÅÔ鹨ÕèáŌǵ‹ÍÁÒà»ÅÕè¹໚¹ÊŒÁ ÊŒÁµŒÍ§ ºíÒÃاµÅÍ´ »ÅÙ¡ä» 4-5 »‚ µŒÍ§ËÂØ´Ã×éÍÊŒÁ·Ôé§ áŌǷíÒÅÔ鹨Õèµ‹Í ÅÔ鹨ÕèäÁ‹µŒÍ§ºíÒÃا´ÙáÅÁÒ¡ ʋǹµÑÇËÞŒÒὡ·Õè¹íÒÁÒ»ÅÙ¡¹Õè¡ç ª‹Ç¡Ñé¹¹éíÒ ¡Ñé¹¼¹Ñ§ä´Œ´ÕàÅ Êѧࡵ¨Ò¡´Ô¹ºÃÔàdzÃÍºæ ¹Õè¨Ð ÂÖ´à¡ÒСѹṋ¹ ·íÒãËŒ´Ô¹´Õ¢Öé¹” ¤Ø³ÅÑ´´Ò ͹ѵµÈÑ¡´Ôì ˹Öè§ã¹¡ÅØ‹Á¼ÙŒ»ÅÙ¡ËÞŒÒὡ ¼ÙŒà»ÅÕè¹ ¨Ò¡¡ÒûÅÙ¡ÊŒÁ໚¹¾×ªäËàªÔ§à´ÕèÂÇÁÒ໚¹ÃкºÇ¹à¡ÉµÃ ¤×Í »ÅÙ¡¾×ª¼ÊÁ¼ÊÒ¹ â´Â¹íÒàÍÒ¤íÒá¹Ð¹íÒࢌÒÁÒ»ÃѺ㪌¡ÑºäË ¢Í§µ¹ ¡Å‹ÒÇ

60 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

Sustainability Based on Real Life: People and Forest Live Together “Keeping the environment undamaged” According to a conversation with Mr. Kanit Ratanawattakul, Mae Ngon watershed areas royal project development leader, he mentions that the project has to involve participation from all sector; organizations, communities and networks from both private and public sectors, under the theme “Communities must learn by themselves.” Cooperation is the key factor to strengthen and sustainable for communities.

These following activities are used to help Mae Ngon watershed area development; The changing from the single agriculture system to the agroforestry agriculture system and the royal forest area maintenance within Mae Ngon watershed areas by using the thought of King Bhumibol “growing three plants for four advantages”, growing vetiver grass for soil and water conservation, dam construction for water current control and increasing plant fertility, construction of community banks, firewood banks and community forests, the “growing forest in our mind” activity through training selected candidates, cultivating and distributing seedling, systematic forest fire prevention, cultivation of the “Yuwawanakorn” group for young people to improve their awareness of forest conservation.

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅœÍÁáÅÐÁžÔÉ Environment and Pollution ¡Ò÷؋Áà··íÒ§Ò¹´ŒÇÂËÑÇã¨ÍѹàÊÕÂÊÅÐÍ‹ҧ᷌¨ÃÔ§áÅÐ ÁͧàË繶֧ᡋ¹á·Œ¢Í§»˜ÞËÒÀÒÂã¹à¢µªØÁª¹ºŒÒ¹ÂÒ§¢Í§ ¤Ø³¤³Ôµ ·íÒãËŒ»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ÇÔ¶ÕªÕÇÔµ¢Í§ÃÒɮúÃÔàdzÅØ‹Á¹éíÒáÁ‹§Í¹ ¾Ñ²¹Ò¢Öé¹à»š¹ÅíҴѺ à¾ÃÒÐäÁ‹ÁÕÍÐäÃÊíÒ¤ÑÞ仡NjҡÒÃŧÁ×Í·íÒ ãËŒàËç¹¼ÅáÅÐÇÒ§µÑÇã¡ÅŒªÔ´¡ÑºªÒǺŒÒ¹Í‹ҧ¨Ãԧ㨠·íÒãËŒ¡Òà ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹¢Í§â¤Ã§¡Òä‹Í¹¢ŒÒ§»ÃÐʺ¼ÅÊíÒàÃç¨ ´Ñ§¨ÐàËç¹ä´Œ ¨Ò¡¡Ò÷ժè ÒǺŒÒ¹ËѹÁÒ»ÅÙ¡¾×ªÃкºÇ¹à¡ÉµÃÁÒ¡¢Ö¹é ¨Ò¡à´ÔÁ ·Õè์¹¡ÒûÅÙ¡ÊŒÁËÃ×ÍÅÔ鹨Õèã¹ÅѡɳоתäËàªÔ§à´ÕèÂÇ ·Ñé§ÂѧÁÕ¡Òà »ÅÙ¡ËÞŒÒὡàÊÃÔÁã¹äˢͧµ¹àͧà¾×èÍ໚¹Íա˹Öè§ÇÔ¸Õ㹡Òà ͹ØÃÑ¡É ´Ô¹áÅйéíÒ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡Òêѡ¨Ù§ªÒǺŒÒ¹äÁ‹ãËŒà¾ÔèÁ¾×é¹·Õè¡Òà »ÅÙ¡¾×ªâ´Â¡ÒùíÒ¾×é¹·Õ軆ÒÁÒ㪌»ÃÐ⪹ “¤×Íã¹Çѹ¹Õàé ÃÒÊÒÁÒöãËŒ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔà¢Ò¿„¹œ ¿ÙµÇÑ àͧ䴌ÊÇ‹ ¹Ë¹Ö§è àÃÒª‹ÇÂ㹡Òÿ„œ¹¿Ù ¡ÃÁÍØ·ÂÒ¹Ï µŒÍ§à˧¿„œ¹¿Ùã¹¾×é¹·ÕèÊÙ§ªÑ¹ àÃÒàͧ¡çµŒÍ§ÁÒà´Ô¹¡ÑºªÒǺŒÒ¹ã¹¾×é¹·Õèà¡ÉµÃ ã¹·Õè¢Í§ªÒǺŒÒ¹ àÃÒ㪌¤íÒNjҺءÃØ¡äÁ‹ä´Œ ¤×Í·Õè·Õèà¢Ò㪌»ÃÐ⪹ ÍÂÙ‹ ³ àÇÅÒ¹Õé ¤×ÍàÍҤ׹äÁ‹ä´Œ ᵋ¨Ð·íÒÂѧä§ãËŒà¢ÒÍÂًËÇÁ¡Ñº¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔãˌ䴌 ¤×Í¡Òÿ„œ¹¿Ù¡Ñº¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔâ´Â·Õèà¢ÒÍÂÙ‹µÃ§¹Ñé¹ «Ö觶ŒÒà¢ÒÍÂÙ‹áÅŒÇ ÁÕ»†ÒÍ‹ҧà´ÕÂÇà¢Ò¡çÍÂÙ‹äÁ‹ä´Œ à¾ÃÒЩйÑé¹ÊÔ觷Õèà¢ÒÍÂÙ‹´ŒÇ¡ç¤×Í ¼ÊÁ¼ÊÒ¹ ઋ¹ »ÅÙ¡ÊŒÁŌǹæ ÁÕäÁŒä¼‹ÊÑ¡ 3 ¡Í ¡ç¶×ÍÇ‹Ò àÃÒª¹ÐáÅŒÇ ¶×ÍÇ‹ÒàÃÒª¹Ðä»ÊÑ¡ 1-2 à»Íà à«ç¹µ àÃҡ経ͧ·íÒ äÁ‹àª‹¹¹Ñ鹡Åä¡ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¡çäÁ‹à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ ÍÐä÷ÕèÁÕÃкºÃÒ¡áÅÐ ªÒǺŒÒ¹ãªŒ»ÃÐ⪹ ä´Œ´ÇŒ  ÍÐä÷Õàè »š¹äÁŒ»Ò† áÅзÕÊè ÒÁÒöÂÖ´´Ô¹ ¡Ñº¹éíÒä´ŒàÃҡ経ͧ·íÒ àÃÒàÍÒ·ÕèªÒǺŒÒ¹¤×¹ÁÒÁѹ¤§ÂÒ¡ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ÊÔ觷ÕèàÃÒ·íÒ ¤×Í µŒÍ§àÍÒÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁä»ÍÂÙ‹¡ÑºªÒǺŒÒ¹” ¤Ø³¤³Ôµ ¡Å‹ÒÇ´ŒÇ¶ŒÍ¤íÒ·ÕèÊзŒÍ¹ãËŒàË繶֧ËÅÑ¡¡ÒäԴ º¹¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹¨ÃÔ§·Õè¤íÒ¹Ö§¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁ໚¹ä»ä´Œ¢Í§¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹ ÍÒÈÑ¡Ãкǹ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹º¹ËÅÑ¡·ÕèÇ‹ÒªÒǺŒÒ¹µŒÍ§ÍÔèÁ·ŒÍ§ ¶Ö§¨ÐÊÒÁÒöÊÌҧ¡ÒÃÍÂÙË Ç‹ Á¡Ñ¹ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ ¤¹áÅл†Ò䴌͋ҧÂѧè Â×¹

“We had grown lychees, then we changed to plant oranges which have to take care of. We keep doing this for 4-5 years then we decided to give up and turn back to lychees, which do not need so much care. The vetiver grass that we grew does a great job. The soil around here sticks together and is well improved.”

Mrs. Ladda Anattasak, one of the vetiver grass growers group who had switched from the monocropping oranges to the agroforestry agriculture system (mixed cultivation) by following the suggestion.

Because of Mr. Kanit’s real dedication to the work and his vision that penetrates the core of problems in Ban Yang community, the local peoples’ lives in Mae Ngon watershed area have been enhanced. He knows that the most important thing is to achieve the work and being close and sincere to the local people. In this way, the operation of the project has been quite successful. We can see that more locals turn to the agroforestry agriculture system instead of monocropping oranges or lychees. Furthermore, growing vetiver grass within the cultivation areas is a suitable approach to conserve soil and water. He also persuades the locals not to extend their land by utilizing the forest areas.

“Today, we can partly let nature restore itself, and we help with that as well. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation have to accelerate restoring mountainous areas. In the meantime, we have to persevere nature with local people in agricultural areas. Since it is their land, we cannot call it “intrusion” because they are already using the land. We cannot retake it. To make them live within nature, the rehabilitation of nature within their areas is required but they still cannot just exist within the forest. What they have to do is to mix cultivation activities such as orange cultivation mixed with three clumps of bamboo. This can mean that real progress can be made. Even if it is just 1 or 2 percent of the land Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 61

we still have to do it. Otherwise, the environmental mechanisms will not occur. Whatever has a root system that the locals can utilize or that is a wildwood and can help preserve the soil and water, we have to do all of this because it is difficult to take their land back. Thus, what we should do is to bring the environment to the local people.”

Mr. Kanit says the words which illustrate the main idea over the real work which considers the possibility of work achievement. And, as the operation process on a principle that the locals’ life must be fulfil ed, the sustainable life between human and forest can be achieved.

Volunteer Cooperation: Keys of Development

áçËÇÁÁ×Í ¨ÔµÍÒÊÒ : ËÑÇã¨áË‹§¡ÒþѲ¹Ò

¹Ñºà»š¹àÇÅÒà¡×ͺ 2 »‚áŌǷÕèâ¤Ã§¡ÒþѲ¹ÒÅØ‹Á¹éíÒáÁ‹§Í¹ µÒÁ¾ÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÔÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐà·¾Ãѵ¹ÃÒªÊØ´ÒÏ ÊÂÒÁºÃÁÃÒª¡ØÁÒÃÕ ä´Œ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ÁÒ¨¹¶Ö§»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ᵋ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¡Ò÷Õ赌ͧÍÒÈÑ ·Ñé§áçã¨áÅФÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×ͧ͢·Ø¡½†ÒÂઋ¹¹ÕéäÁ‹ãª‹àÃ×èͧ§‹Ò¹ѡ ÃÇÁ件֧§º»ÃÐÁÒ³ÊíÒËÃѺâ¤Ã§¡Ò÷Õè¨íÒ໚¹µŒÍ§ãªŒàÁç´à§Ô¹ ¨íҹǹÁÒ¡à¾×èÍ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò ¤Ø³àËÂÒ¨§ á«‹à»ÍÐ ÃÒɮêÒǺŒÒ¹ÂÒ§ ¼ÙŒàÅç§àË繶֧ »ÃÐ⪹ áÅÐÊíÒ¹Ö¡ã¹¾ÃкÒÃÁÕáË‹§Í§¤ ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐ਌ÒÍÂÙ‹ËÑÇ áÅÐÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐà·¾Ãѵ¹ÃÒªÊØ´ÒÏ ¨Ö§ä´ŒºÃÔ¨Ò¤¾×é¹·Õèµ¹àͧ໚¹ ¨íҹǹ¡Ç‹Ò 12 äË à¾×èÍ㪌໚¹¾×é¹·ÕèµÑé§Êíҹѡ§Ò¹â¤Ã§¡ÒþѲ¹Ò ÅØ‹Á¹éíÒáÁ‹§Í¹Ï áÅÐ㪌»ÃÐ⪹ à¾×èÍ¡ÒþѲ¹ÒÅØ‹Á¹éíÒáÁ‹§Í¹ Ê׺µ‹Íä» “àÃÒ¤Ô´Í‹ҧà´ÕÂÇÇ‹Ò໚¹â¤Ã§¡ÒÃã¹¾ÃÐÃÒª´íÒÃÔ â´Â੾ÒÐ ·ÕèÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐà·¾Ï ä´Œ·íҵç¹ÕéÍÂÙ‹ ·Ñé§Âѧ¤Ô´Ç‹Ò¹Ñºà»š¹ÇÒÊ¹Ò ¢Í§àÃÒ ¨Ö§ä´Œµ¡»Ò¡ÃѺ¤íÒ à¾ÃÒФԴã¹ÀҾʋǹÃÇÁ¤×Íã¹ËÅǧ ·‹Ò¹ãËŒàÂÍÐÁÒ¡ áŌǵ͹·Õè¹éíÒ·‹ÇÁ¾ÃÐà·¾Ï ÂѧãËŒ§ºã¹¡Òà ¢Ø´ÅÍ¡¤ÅͧÍÕ¡ ¤×͵ç¹ÕéàÃÒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ù¡¾Ñ¹ÍÂÙ‹ à¾ÃÒÐã¹ÊÁѹÑé¹ ä´Œà¢ŒÒཇÒÏ ËÅÒ¤ÃÑé§ ¾ÍÁÕâ¤Ã§¡ÒÃࢌÒÁÒäÁ‹Ç‹Òâ¤Ã§¡ÒÃÍÐäà ¡ç¨ÐËǹ¹Ö¡¶Ö§Í´ÕµÇ‹Ò ¾ÃÐͧ¤ Âѧ¹Ö¡¶Ö§àÃÒáÅÐáÁŒ¨Ð໚¹ªØÁª¹ àÅç¡æ ¡çÂѧäÁ‹·Í´·Ôé§ ¨Ö§ËÒ¤íÒ¾Ù´ã´ÁÒà»ÃÕºäÁ‹ä´Œ ¡çÃÙŒÊÖ¡´Õ㨠·Õèä´ŒÁÕâÍ¡ÒʶÇÒ¡ÒÃÃѺ㪌ઋ¹¹Õé” 62 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

It took almost two years that the royal ideas of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn have been implamented. This has taken the efforts and cooperation from all sectors, which is quite challenge. The project requires high budget for an implementation.

Yaojong Saeper, a resident of Ban Yang, is grateful of His Majesty the King and H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn and realizes the importance of the project. He has donated more than 12 rai of his own land for the location of the office.

“We concerned that a royal project, especial y H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn gave us a great opportunity and we willingly accept it. This is one of all many things that His Majesty the King does for his people. For example, after the flood disaster, H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn provided money for dredging the canals. We are stil delighted by this because we received an audience several times. When any project is established and whatever it is, we look back to the past and realize that she keeps thinking of us. Even though we are just a small community, she never fails to help us. No words can be used to explain this. We feel glad to have a chance to serve.”

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅœÍÁáÅÐÁžÔÉ Environment and Pollution

áÁŒ»¨˜ ¨Øº¹Ñ ¾×¹é ·ÕÊè Ç‹ ¹¢Í§Êíҹѡ§Ò¹Ï ¨Ð໚¹à¾Õ§à¾Ô§Áا¨Ò¡ ·ÕèÊÌҧ¢Öé¹Í‹ҧàÃÕº§‹Ò ᵋ¤³Ð·íÒ§Ò¹¡çÂѧ¤§ÁØ‹§ÁÑè¹·íÒ§Ò¹ ´ŒÇÂËÑÇ㨷Õèá¢ç§á¡Ã‹§äÁ‹Â‹Í·ŒÍ áÅÐÂѧ¤§ÊÌҧ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ/â¤Ã§¡Òà µ‹Íä»àÃ×èÍÂæ à¾×èͤÇÒÁËÇѧà´ÕÂǤ×ÍãËŒªÒǺŒÒ¹ÍÂÙ‹ÃÍ´áÅÐ Â×¹´ŒÇµ¹àͧ䴌 ´ŒÇ¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×ͨҡ·Ø¡½†Ò ÍÕ¡·Ñé§ÂѧÊÒÁÒö ºÃÔËÒèѴ¡ÒÃáÅÐ͹ØÃÑ¡É ·ÃѾÂҡû†ÒäÁŒä´ŒÍ‹ҧÁÕ»ÃÐ⪹ ÊÙ§ÊØ´ ´Ñ§¨ÐàËç¹ä´Œ¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁËÇÁÁ×ͧ͢ªÒǺŒÒ¹ã¹¡ÒÃཇÒÃÐÇѧ áÅÐÊÌҧá¹Ç»‡Í§¡Ñ¹ä¿»†Ò ¡ÒÃà¾ÔèÁ¨íҹǹ¢Í§½Ò¡Ñé¹¹éíÒ¨Ò¡ áçËÇÁÁ×ͧ͢ªÒǺŒÒ¹·ÕèÊ‹§ãˌࢵ¾×é¹·Õ躌ҹÂÒ§ÁÕÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃàÊÕè§ µ‹ÍÀѨҡ¹éíÒ»†ÒäËÅËÅÒ¡áÅФÇÒÁáËŒ§áÅŒ§Å´Å§ ÇÑ ¹ ¹Õ é Ê Ò¸ÒÃáË‹ § ¾ÃÐÁËÒ¡ÃØ ³ Ò¸Ô ¤ Ø ³ áË‹ § ͧ¤ Ê Áà´ç ¨ ¾ÃÐà·¾Ãѵ¹ÃÒªÊØ´ÒÏ Âѧ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÒº»Å×éÁÁÒÊÙ‹ÃÒɮúŒÒ¹ÂÒ§ µíÒºÅáÁ‹§Í¹ ÍíÒàÀͽҧ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´àªÕ§ãËÁ‹ ÂÔ觹ѡ ´ŒÇ¡Òà ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹¢Í§â¤Ã§¡Ò÷íÒãËŒªÒǺŒÒ¹ªØÁª¹ºŒÒ¹ÂÒ§ÍÂÙ‹Í‹ҧ ÁÕÃÒÂä´Œ ÁÕÍÒªÕ¾ ÊÒÁÒöÍÂًËÇÁ¡Ñº¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔâ´ÂÁÔµŒÍ§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ ËÇÒ´ÇÔµ¡ÁÒ¡à·‹Ò¤ÃÑé§Í´Õµ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹ ÍÒÈѾ×é¹°Ò¹ËÅÑ¡·Õè ¤íÒ¹Ö§¶Ö§»Ò¡·ŒÍ§áÅФÇÒÁÍÂÙ‹ÃÍ´¢Í§ÃÒɮà à¾×èÍÇÔ¶Õ¡ÒÃÍÂÙ‹ÃÍ´ ËÇÁ¡Ñº¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔâ´Â¡ÒÃÊÌҧ¡ÒúÃÔËÒèѴ¡Òû†ÒäÁŒÍ‹ҧÁÕ Ê‹Ç¹Ã‹ÇÁ «Öè§Âѧ¤ÇÒÁ¼ÒÊØ¡á¡‹ÃÒÉ®Ã㹪ØÁª¹µÃÒº¹Ò¹à·‹Ò¹Ò¹ ÊÔè§à´ÕÂÇ·ÕèËÑÇ˹ŒÒ¤³ÔµËÇѧ¡çà¾Õ§ËÑÇã¨ÍÒÊÒ·Ñ駨ҡÀÒ¤ÃÑ° áÅÐàÍ¡ª¹·Õè¾ÃŒÍÁ¨ÐÂ×è¹Á×ÍࢌÒÁÒ໚¹áçʹѺʹعʋǹ˹Öè§ ÊíÒËÃѺâ¤Ã§¡ÒÃÏ à¾×èÍÊ׺Êҹਵ¹ÒÃÁ³ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡íÒÅѧ·ÃѾ áÅСíÒÅѧ¡ÒÂã¨ãˌᡋªØ¹ª¹ªÒǵíÒºÅáÁ‹§Í¹ à¾×èÍÃÑ¡ÉÒµŒ¹ÊÒ ªÕÇÔµáË‹§ÅØ‹Á¹éíÒáÁ‹§Í¹ áËÅ‹§¡íÒà¹Ô´¹éíÒºÃÔÊØ·¸Ôì¨Ò¡ÂÍ´´Í ʋ§µ‹Í¶Ö§·Ø¡ÊÒÂãªÕÇÔµÊÙ‹áÁ‹¹éíÒ਌ҾÃÐÂÒ à¾ÃÒÐÇѹ¹ÕéËÒ¡ªÒÇ µíÒºÅáÁ‹§Í¹àͧäÃŒºØ¤¤Å«Ö觨Ð͹ØÃÑ¡É ÃÑ¡ÉÒ·ÃѾÂҡôԹ ¹éíÒ áÅл†ÒäÁŒáÅŒÇ ¤ÇÒÁÈÔÇÔäÅ« áË‹§àÁ×ͧËÅǧ¡ç¤§µŒÍ§Å‹ÁÊÅÒÂŧ ÀÒÂã¹àÇÅÒäÁ‹ªŒÒ¹Ò¹

Although the office is currently just made from a simple shack, the team works hard and rejects discouragement. They continually create new activities with the goal that it can help the local community live and rely on their own efforts. This is achieved through obtaining cooperation from every sector in maximizing the efficiency of forest management and conservation. It is clear that the local people now keep an eye out for wildfire and create wildfire prevention systems. Increasing the number of dams by cooperation of Ban Yang people to collect water, the risk of flooding and drought has been significantly decreased.

Today, the kindness of H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn has brought rapture to the people of Ban Yang community, Tambon Mae Ngon at Chiang Mai Province. The project operation helps Ban Yang people to practice their occupations and be able to live with nature without worrying about what happened in the past. The project provides a sustainable way of life by realizing the existence of people and makes them live with nature and participate the forest management.

This could bring happiness for people in the community for evermore.

Mr. Kanit strongly expects the volunteer spirit of both the public and private sectors who are ready to support and become part of the project. They can financially help and sustain the morale of the community at Tambon Mae Ngon in order to maintain the source of life in the Mae Ngon watershed area. The pure headwater from a mountain is related to all the filament of life in the Chaopraya River. If no one in Tambon Mae Ngon is willing to conserve soil, water, and forest resources, the civilization of the capital would be ruined in the near future.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 63

Ò¾ À Ç ªÕ Ò§ · ÒÂ Å Ë Ò¡ Å Ë ÒÁ Ç ¤ º Ñ ¡ ¹ è Ô ¶ § ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò y it s r e iv D l a ic g lo io B d n a Alien Species

ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ô蹤×ÍÍÐäà ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹ ËÃ×Í·Õè¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔàÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò Alien species ¤×Í ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµ¨Ò¡¶Ôè¹Í×è¹ ·Õè¶Ù¡¹íÒࢌÒÁÒã¹¾×é¹·Õè˹Öè§ «Ö觾×é¹·Õè´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ äÁ‹à¤ÂÁÕÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµ¹Ñé¹ÍÂÙ‹ÁÒ¡‹Í¹

What is an Alien Species?

“Alien species” are those which have been introduced outside, its normal distribution as a result of intentional or accidental dispersed by human activities.

64 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹·ÕèÃØ¡ÃÒ¹¨Ñ´à»š¹»ÃÐà´ç¹»˜ÞËÒ·Õè¤Ø¡¤ÒÁ ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ¢ͧªÕÇÀÒ¾·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞã¹Íѹ´ÑºáÃ¡æ ¢Í§âÅ¡ «Öè§Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò´ŒÇ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ·ҧªÕÇÀҾ䴌àÅç§àËç¹ ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞáÅСÃе،¹ãËŒÁÕ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒèѴ¡Òê¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹Í‹ҧÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§Ê¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹ãËŒ·Ø¡»ÃÐà·È ·ÑèÇâÅ¡¨Ñ´§Ò¹ÇѹÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ·ҧªÕÇÀҾ㹻‚¹Õé ÀÒÂ㵌ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ “ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹·ÕèÃØ¡ÃÒ¹” â´Â»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ¡íÒ˹´¨Ð¨Ñ´¢Öé¹ã¹Çѹ·Õè 21 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2552 Invasive Alien Species are becoming one of the world’s foremost threats to biological diversity, as emphasized in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). It is considered to be a priority issue and required effective management from all countries. This Convention supports all countries around the world to set up the International Day for Biological Diversity which, this year, has the theme of “Invasive Alien Species”, which was scheduled for Thailand on May 21st, 2009.

¡‹Í¹¨Ð» ´àÅ‹Á Epilogue ʶҹÀÒ¾ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹ã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

Status of Alien Species in Thailand

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Impacts of the Invasive Alien Species Invasion

»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÁÕª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹äÁ‹¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò 3,500 ª¹Ô´ ʋǹãËÞ‹¶Ù¡¹íÒࢌÒà¾×èÍÇѵ¶Ø»ÃÐʧ¤ ·Ò§´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ ઋ¹ ÂÒ§¾ÒÃÒ ÁѹÊíÒ»ÐËÅѧ »ÅÒ¹ÔÅ ÏÅÏ «Öè§ÊÌҧÁÙŤ‹Ò·Ò§àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ Í‹ҧÁÒ¡ÁÒÂÁËÒÈÒÅãˌᡋ»ÃÐà·È ᵋÁÕª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹ à¾Õ§äÁ‹¡Õ誹Դ (»ÃÐÁÒ³ 10% ¨Ò¡ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹·Ñé§ËÁ´ ã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â) ໚¹ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹·ÕèÃØ¡ÃÒ¹áÅÐä´ŒÊÌҧ ¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂ·Ñ§é ·ÕÊè ÒÁÒö»ÃÐàÁԹ໚¹µÑÇà§Ô¹áÅзÕÂè §Ñ äÁ‹ÊÒÁÒö »ÃÐàÁÔ¹ÁÙŤ‹Òä´Œ ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹·ÕèÃØ¡ÃÒ¹ ¤×Í ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø µ‹Ò§¶Ôè¹·ÕèࢌÒÁÒã¹ »ÃÐà·Èä·Â ÊÒÁÒöµÑ§é ¶Ô¹è °Ò¹ÁÕ¡ÒÃá¾Ã‹¡ÃШÒÂ䴌㹸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ä´Œ´Õ¨¹¡ÅÒÂ໚¹ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø à´‹¹ã¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ áÅÐÍҨʋ§¼ÅãËŒ ª¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ËÃ×ͪ¹Ô´¾Ñ¹¸Ø ¾×é¹àÁ×ͧÊÙ޾ѹ¸Ø Ê‹§¼Åµ‹Í¤ÇÒÁ ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ·ҧªÕÇÀÒ¾ áÅС‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊÙÞàÊÕ·ҧÊÔ§è áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ áÅÐÊآ͹ÒÁÑÂÁ¹ØÉ ËÍÂàªÍÃÕÁè ¡Õ ÒùíÒࢌÒã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂµÑ§é ᵋ ¾.È. 2525 áÅÐàÃÔèÁ¾ºã¹áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ã¹»‚ ¾.È. 2530 µ‹ÍÁÒËÍÂàªÍÃÕèÁÕ¡Òà ÃкҴ·Ñ§é ã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂáÅлÃÐà·Èà¾×Íè ¹ºŒÒ¹ ÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂãˌᡋ¹Ò¢ŒÒÇÍ‹ҧÃعáç ´Ã.ªÇÅÔµ ÇÔ·ÂÒ¹¹· ¨Ò¡Í§¤ ¡Òà ¡Í§·Ø¹ÊÑµÇ »†ÒâÅ¡ÊÒ¡Å (WWF) ä´Œ »ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒ·ҧ´ŒÒ¹àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ ·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡ËÍÂàªÍÃÕèÇ‹ÒÁÕÁÙŤ‹ÒäÁ‹µèíÒ¡Ç‹Ò »‚ÅÐ 1 ¾Ñ¹ÅŒÒ¹ºÒ· ·Ñ駹ÕéäÁ‹ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¼Å¡Ãзº·ÕèÁÕµ‹Í¤ÇÒÁ ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ·ҧªÕÇÀÒ¾ ¼Å¢Í§ÊÒþÔÉ·Õãè ªŒã¹¡ÒáíҨѴËÍÂàªÍÃÕè «Ö觵¡¤ŒÒ§ÍÂÙ‹ã¹Ãкº¹ÔàÇÈáÅмšÃзº´ŒÒ¹Í×è¹·ÕèäÁ‹ÊÒÁÒö »ÃÐàÁԹ໚¹¨íҹǹà§Ô¹ä´Œ äÁÂÃÒºÂÑ¡É ÁÕ¡ÒùíÒࢌÒÁÒã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂàÁ×èÍ ¾.È. 2490 à¾×èÍ㪌໚¹¾×ª»Ø‰ÂÊ´ »˜¨¨ØºÑ¹äÁÂÃÒºÂÑ¡É á¾Ã‹¡ÃШÒÂä»·ÑèÇ ·Ø¡ÀÙÁÀÔ Ò¤ã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÃÇÁ件֧»ÃÐà·Èà¾×Íè ¹ºŒÒ¹¼ÙàŒ ªÕÂè ǪÒÞ ·Ñé§ã¹»ÃÐà·ÈáÅе‹Ò§»ÃÐà·ÈãËŒ¤ÇÒÁàËç¹Ç‹Ò¡ÒÃá¾Ã‹¡ÃШÒ ¢Í§äÁÂÃÒºÂÑ¡É ÊÒÁÒö·íÒãËŒÃкº¹ÔàÇÈâ´Â੾ÒÐÃкº¹ÔàÇÈ ¾×é¹·ÕèªØ‹Á¹éíÒà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§à»š¹¾×鹴Թ䴌 »˜¨¨ØºÑ¹»ÃÐà·Èã¹àÍàªÕ µÐÇѹÍÍ¡à©Õ§㵌¡íÒÅѧËÒá¹Ç·Ò§¨Ñ´¡ÒáѺ»˜ÞËҴѧ¡Å‹ÒÇ

Thailand has at least 3,500 kinds of Alien Species, which are mostly imported for agricultural purposes, such as Nile Tilapia fish, for growing decorative plants and commercial crops such as Para rubber and Cassava. These crops have created enormous economic value for the country, and only a few Alien Species (estimated to be 10% of the total Alien Species in Thailand) have caused irreversible financial and nonfinancial damages.

“Invasive Alien Species” are those that have been settled in Thailand and distribute, and affect to biological diversity which may cause environmental or economic losses and also damage human health.

Pomacea canaliculata was imported to Thailand in 1982 and later found in natural water sites in 1987. Soon, Pomacea canaliculata were distributed all over the country and neighbouring countries which caused severe damage to rice paddies. Dr. Cahovalit Vithayanon, from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), estimated the economic losses from Pomacea canaliculata at least 1 billion baht annually, which exclude biological diversity impact from toxic residue remaining in the ecosystem. There are some non-financial impacts in the attempt to eliminate Pomacea canaliculata that can not evaluate in monetary.

Mimosa pigra was introduced to Thailand since 1947 for making live fertilizer. Now, Mimosa pigra has all spread to every region of Thailand and neighbouring countries. The experts both national and international agreed that the distribution of Mimosa pigra has changed the ecosystems, especially by turning wetland into regular land. Today, most countries in South East Asia are suffering and searching the appropriate strategy to solve such problems. Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal 65

¡‹Í¹¨Ð» ´àÅ‹Á Epilogue

) s e u s is t o (H Ò Ë Þ ˜ » ¹ ç à´ ÃÐ » × Í á¹Ð¹íÒË¹Ñ§Ê § ¡ÒáѴà«ÒеÅÔè§áÁ‹¹éíÒâ¢Is Introducing HroBt ansksuesEroosnion Mekong Rive áÁ‹¹éíÒ⢧໚¹áÁ‹¹éíÒÊÒ·ÕèÂÒÇ·ÕèÊØ´ã¹ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤àÍàªÕµÐÇѹÍÍ¡ à©Õ§㵌 áÅÐ໚¹Ë¹Öè§ã¹áÁ‹¹éíÒ·ÕèÂÔè§ãËÞ‹¢Í§âÅ¡ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ ´ŒÒ¹·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔ ¾Ñ¹¸Ø ¾×ª ¾Ñ¹¸Ø »ÅÒ áÅÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ ´ŒÒ¹ÇÔ¶ÕªÕÇÔµ¢Í§¼ÙŒ¤¹ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§Âѧ໚¹áËÅ‹§¡íÒà¹Ô´ÍÒøÃÃÁâºÃÒ³·Õè ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·Ò§»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵà ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ áÁ‹¹éíÒ⢧ʋǹ·Õ輋ҹ »ÃÐà·Èä·Â໚¹ª‹Ç§¢Í§áÁ‹¹éíÒ⢧µÍ¹Å‹Ò§ «Öè§äËż‹Ò¹ Í.àªÕ§áʹ Í.àªÕ§¢Í§ áÅÐ Í.àÇÕ§ᡋ¹ ¨.àªÕ§ÃÒ ÃÐÂзҧ 84 ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ ¡‹Í¹à¢ŒÒÊÙ‹»ÃÐà·ÈÅÒÇ áÅÐ໚¹á¹Ç¡Ñé¹¾ÃÁá´¹ä·Â - ÅÒÇ â´Â àÃÔèÁ¨Ò¡ ¨.àÅ ˹ͧ¤Ò ¹¤Ã¾¹Á ÁØ¡´ÒËÒà ÍíÒ¹Ò¨à¨ÃÔÞ áÅÐ ÍغÅÃÒª¸Ò¹Õ ÃÇÁ¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇ·ÕèäËż‹Ò¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â»ÃÐÁÒ³ 976 ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕÂè ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§ÅØÁ‹ áÁ‹¹Òíé ⢧¨Ò¡¡ÒþѲ¹Ò ·Ò§àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨·Õ輋ҹÁÒ Ê‹§¼Å¡ÃзºÍ‹ҧÁÒ¡ÁÒ·Ñ駷ҧµÃ§áÅÐ ·Ò§ÍŒÍ Á ·Ñ é § ã¹àÃ× è Í §¢Í§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔ»ÃÐà·È¤ÇÒÁÊÁºÙà ³ ¢Í§ Ãкº¹ÔàÇÈ áÅФسÀÒ¾ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§»ÃЪҪ¹ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§·Õè àËç¹ä´ŒªÑ´ã¹ª‹Ç§àÇÅÒ·Õ輋ҹÁÒ ¤×Í ¡Òþѧ·ÅÒ¢ͧµÅÔè§à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ ¡ÒáѴà«ÒÐ ·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÊÙÞàÊÕ¤ÇÒÁÍØ´ÁÊÁºÙó áÅФÇÒÁÊǧÒÁ µÒÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ Ê‹§¼Å¡Ãзºµ‹ÍÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ¡Ò÷‹Í§à·ÕÂè Ç ¡ÒÃÊÙÞàÊÕ ¾×¹é ·ÕÍè ÂÙÍ‹ ÒÈÑÂáÅÐ¾×¹é ·Õ·è Òí ¡Ô¹ áÅÐÊ‹§¼ÅãËŒÇ²Ñ ¹¸ÃÃÁ»ÃÐླմ§éÑ à´ÔÁ ¢Í§ªØÁª¹à¡Ô´¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§µÒÁä»´ŒÇ Êíҹѡ§Ò¹¹âºÒÂáÅÐ á¼¹·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ä´ŒàÅç§àË繤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤Ñޢͧ »ÃÐà´ç¹»˜ÞËҴѧ¡Å‹ÒÇ ¨Ö§ä´Œ´Òí à¹Ô¹¡ÒÃÊíÒÃǨÊÀÒ¾¾×¹é ·Õ·è ÁèÕ »Õ Þ˜ ËÒ ã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â·Õáè Á‹¹Òíé ⢧äËż‹Ò¹áÅÐÃǺÃÇÁ¢ŒÍÁÙŨҡáËÅ‹§µ‹Ò§æ ¨Ñ´·íÒ໚¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í “»ÃÐà´ç¹»˜ÞËÒ (Hot issues) ¡ÒáѴà«ÒÐ áÁ‹¹éíÒ⢧” ¢Öé¹ â´Âã¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×ʹѧ¡Å‹ÒÇä´Œ¹íÒàÊ¹Í ÊÀÒ¾·ÑèÇä» ¢Í§áÁ‹¹Òíé ⢧ ʶҹÀÒ¾¡ÒáѴà«ÒеÅÔ§è »˜ÞËÒáÅÐÊÒà赯 µÅÍ´¨¹ ¼Å¡Ãзº·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒáѴà«ÒÐ áÅÐ㹵͹·ŒÒÂÂѧ䴌¡Å‹ÒǶ֧ ¡ÒôíÒà¹Ô¹¡Ò÷Õ輋ҹÁҢͧ˹‹Ç§ҹ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§áÅТŒÍàʹÍá¹Ð àªÔ§¹âºÒÂ㹡ÒÃᡌ䢻˜ÞËҴѧ¡Å‹ÒÇ´ŒÇ ËÒ¡·‹Ò¹Ê¹ã¨Ë¹Ñ§Ê×ÍàÅ‹Á¹Õâé »Ã´µÔ´µ‹Í ¡ÅØÁ‹ §Ò¹µÔ´µÒÁ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹ ʶҹ¡Òó ¡Í§µÔ´µÒÁ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼Å Êíҹѡ§Ò¹¹âºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹ ·ÃѾÂҡøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ E-mail : monitor_soe@onep. go.th â·ÃÈѾ· 0 2265 6538 â·ÃÊÒà 0 2265 6536 66 ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

The Mekong River is the longest river in South East Asia and one of the world’s greatest rivers, with diversified natural resources, flora and fish as well as being the home for many unique local lifestyles. It is the origin of ancient cultures with historical values to mankind. The Lower Mekong River is the part that flows through Thailand at Chiangsan District, Chiangkong District and Viengkan District, Chiang Rai Province for a total distance of 84 kilometers before entering Laos, where it is also considered to the border between the two countries. Here, it flows along Loei, Nong Khai, Nakhon Phanom, Mukdaharn, Amnat Charoen and Ubon Ratchathani, with a total length of 976 kilometers.

Environmental changes in the Mekong basin resulting from recent economic development have caused heavy impacts directly and indirectly landscapes, healthy ecosystem and the quality of peoples’ lives. One obvious change is the collapse of river banks from erosion, resulting in the loss of area fertility and the beautiful scenery of nature, which has severely affected the tourist industry and the land, as well as changing community traditions and cultures. Consequently, the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning has expressed its deep concern about the existing problems and has conducted an area survey covering Thailand’s problem areas in that Mekong River region, in order to collect data from different sources for publishing a book entitled “Hot Issues of Mekong River Banks Erosion.” This book il ustrates the normal surroundings of the Mekong River, the status of river bank erosion, problems and causes, including impacts from erosion.

Moreover, the book also considers the earlier operations of the concerned agencies and recommends various policies for solving problems.

Interested parties should contact The State of the Monitor and Evaluation Group, Monitoring and Evaluation Division, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning. E-mail : monitor_soe@onep.go.th.

Tel: 0 2265 6538. Fax: 0 2265 6536.

ÇÒÃÊÒøÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal ÇÒÃÊÒà »‚·Õè 5 ©ºÑº·Õè 2 àÁÉÒ¹ - ÁԶعÒ¹ 2552 Vol. 5 No.2 April - June 2009 ISSN 1905-0984

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Advisors

Nisakorn Suthiluck Chanin Chintana Usa Duangmal Kitti

Kositratna Raviwan Tongdhamachart Thaweema Kiatchaipipat Sinthuvanich Tanhan

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Advisory Editor

Prasong

Eiam-anant

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Editor-in-Chief

Nawarat

Krairapanond

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Editorial Board

Mingkwan Prasert Mathya Pattarin Warasak Aree Angkana Kritsana Phirun Benchamaporn

Thornsirikul Sirinapaporn Raksasataya Sanghaisuk Phuangcharoen Suwanmanee Chalermpong Aussavavimonun Saiyasitpanich Wattanatongchai

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Coordinators

Chanwit Sarika Numtip Artorn Aroonwan Ninubon Patcha

Thongsamrit Chittakanpitch Sriwongchay Weerasetakul Nuchpoung Waipreechee Eainwilai

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Publisher

Sinthu Creation Company Limited

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Interview the Secretary Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

Sirindhorn International Environmental Park International learning Center on the Sufficiency Enconomy Philosophy 60/1 «Í¾ԺÙÅÇѲ¹Ò 7 ¶¹¹¾ÃÐÃÒÁ·Õè 6 ¾ÞÒä· ¡Ãا෾ÁËÒ¹¤Ã 10400 â·Ã. 0 2265 6500 â·ÃÊÒÃ. 0 2265 6510-1 60/1 Soi Pibulwattana 7, Rama 6 Road, Phyathai, Bangkok 10400 Tel. 0 2265 6500 Fax. 0 2265 6510-1