KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
MOUNTAIN ARCHITECTURE
STUDY OF VERNACULAR SETTLEMENT BOHORATAR, KATHMANDU
Prasamsa Pokharel Roll no. - 16
SUBMITTED TO: Ar. Sirish Bhatt Ar. Jharna Joshi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express by sincere gratitude towards all the local authorities of Bohoratar area who have provided me authentic data due to which I am able to complete my project
despite the Covid-19 pandemic. A special regard to my mentors Ar. Sirish bhatt and Ar. Jharna Joshi, for giving me valuable suggestions during phases of discussion.
I would also like to express my immense gratitude towards my family members for the love and support that I have got throughout the project directly or indirectly. This project not only taught me to document and measure the buildings but also the importance of time management and public relation skills that would leads us far ahead in the field of architecture.
CONTENTS
Number of family members ....................................................................................... 9 Number of households in a house ............................................................................ 9 ECONOMIC ASPECTS .................................................................................................... 10
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................... I
House ownership ...................................................................................................... 10
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY .............................................................................................. II
Primary occupation of household............................................................................ 10
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY........................................................................ II
Population by economic status ............................................................................... 10
TOOLS OF DOCUMENTATION ......................................................................................... III
BUILDING TYPOLOGY.................................................................................................... 11
PHOTOGRAPHIC AND VIDEO GRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION ...................................... III
Typology based on- Building height ......................................................................... 11
CULTURAL MAPPING .................................................................................................. III
Typology based on- Age of the building................................................................... 12
MEASURED DRAWING AND DOCUMENTATION ........................................................ III
HOUSES BUILT BEFORE YEAR 2030 BS ............................................................. 13
DOCUMENTATION............................................................................................................ 0
HOUSES BUILT BETWEEN 2031 – 2050 BS ...................................................... 14
INTRODUCTION TO SETTLEMENT................................................................................... 1
TYPOLOGY BASED ON AGE .................................................................................. 15
CLIMATE ........................................................................................................................... 1
HOUSES BUILT BETWEEN 2051 – 2070 BS ...................................................... 15
HISTORY OF BOHORATAR ............................................................................................... 2
TYPOLOGY BASED ON AGE .................................................................................. 16
SETTLEMENT PATTERN................................................................................................... 3
HOUSES BUILT AFTER 2070 BS .......................................................................... 16
PEOPLE OF BOHORATAR................................................................................................. 4
Typology based on – Building structure.................................................................. 17
SETTLEMENT STUDY AREA ............................................................................................. 5
PUBLIC SPACES ............................................................................................................ 18
CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS .................................................................................. 5
FARMLAND .................................................................................................................... 19
SERVICES ......................................................................................................................... 6
BUILDING MATERIAL .................................................................................................... 20
Drinking water ............................................................................................................. 6
MEASURED BUILDING .................................................................................................. 22
ACCESEBILITY .................................................................................................................. 7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................. 38
Setting .......................................................................................................................... 7
Flexibility of space: ................................................................................................... 38
PEOPLE IN SELECTED NEIGHBOURHOOD ..................................................................... 8
Loss of Materiality .................................................................................................... 38
Community group and Religion of people ................................................................. 8
Urban Sprawl............................................................................................................. 38
Gender of respondents ............................................................................................... 8
Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 39
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1Documentation analysis process .................................................................... IV
Figure 29 Site Plan ....................................................................................................... 24
Figure 2 Map of Nepal-Kathmandu-Bohratar ( Source: openstreetmap.com) .......... 1
Figure 30 Ground Floor Plan ....................................................................................... 25
Figure 3 Climatic data (Source: Climate.org) ................................................................ 1
Figure 31 First floor plan.............................................................................................. 26
Figure 4 Background shows the Aerahity-raniban-bohoratar area taken in 1995 .... 2
Figure 32 View towards east Elevation ....................................................................... 27
Figure 5 Settlement Pattern of bohoratar area over years .......................................... 3
Figure 33 East Elevation .............................................................................................. 27
Figure 6 Temples nearby ................................................................................................ 5
Figure 34 North Elevation ............................................................................................ 28
Figure 7 People transporting water from tindhara in motorbike ................................. 6
Figure 35 North view .................................................................................................... 28
Figure 8 Water spout under reconstruction .................................................................. 6
Figure 36 South Elevation ........................................................................................... 29
Figure 9 Accesebility from balaju(Top) and vanasthali (Bottom)................................. 7
Figure 37 South Elevation ( Previous Design Visualization) ..................................... 30
Figure 10 People of Bohoratar ....................................................................................... 8
Figure 38 Section Y-Y' .................................................................................................. 31
Figure 11 Population distribution by community.......................................................... 9
Figure 39 Section Y-y' (PREVIOUS design visualization) ............................................ 32
Figure 12 Building typology based on height ..............................................................11
Figure 40Section At x-x' ................................................................................................ 33
Figure 13 Around the neighborhood ...........................................................................11
Figure 41 Joist detail .................................................................................................... 34
Figure 14 Building typology based on age ..................................................................12
Figure 42 Reflected ceiling plan- Ground floor .......................................................... 34
Figure 15 Thapa residence ..........................................................................................13
Figure 43 First floor joist detail ................................................................................... 35
Figure 16 Bohora residence .........................................................................................13
Figure 44 Reflected ceiling plan - First Floor............................................................. 35
Figure 17 Houses Built between 2031 - 2050 ...........................................................14
Figure 45 Roof Slate detail .......................................................................................... 36
Figure 18 Houses built in 2051-2070 BS ...................................................................15
Figure 46 Types of Window .......................................................................................... 37
Figure 19 Houses built after 2071 BS ........................................................................16 Figure 20 View to neighborhood ..................................................................................17 Figure 21 Public spaces around selected site ............................................................18 Figure 22 Farmland nearby ..........................................................................................19 Figure 23 Locally sourced building material ...............................................................20 Figure 27 Owners New Home .....................................................................................22 Figure 27 Site Map .......................................................................................................22 Figure 27 Owners Traditional Home ............................................................................22 Figure 27 Picture of the measured house in 2045BS ..............................................22 Figure 28 Measured Drawing.......................................................................................23 II | P a g e
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY Study of vernacular architecture pivots the way to sustainable living. The project aims in creating the documentation for the better analytical spatial character. The project aims: To provide the experience to work in the field and share the thoughts with the people of site. To prepare detail documentation of the area through primary survey, thematic mapping and photographic inventory To understand the construction details and material on site and familiarize the local architecture To promote awareness to habitants of the particular area and encourage them the preserve their culture, heritage and architectural style, To understand the process of documentation of historic settlement for future reference.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This project can provide designed space for various needs of the village and thus ca improve the lifestyle of a people of a village. The project had the limited time frame for community visit, survey, analysis, drawing documentation that made it difficult to reach the level of accuracy. With the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, it has become even more difficult to reach more respondents and discuss the thoughts during primary survey and documentation of a house. II | P a g e
TOOLS OF DOCUMENTATION PHOTOGRAPHIC AND VIDEO GRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION The settlement area including the house type, construction material, façade type, roof structure etc were documented through the means of photos and videos. Activity in the vicinity is captured in photos and videos are emit the essence of the ancient village.
CULTURAL MAPPING Data collection plays vital role for commencing every project. Collection of primary data is done by preparing a questionnaire highlighting the socio-cultural and the architectural aspects. Individual interviews with the house owners were carried out in 26 houses of selected neighborhood. The outcome of the survey was tabulated to analyze the socio-cultural background of the residents.
MEASURED DRAWING AND DOCUMENTATION One of the traditional houses in the selected neighborhood is measured and drawn for documentation in the first phase. The house was measured to understand the relation with surrounding, construction technique and material used to the fine level of understanding
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DOCUMENTATION
INTRODUCTION TO SETTLEMENT Bohoratar is a small village located in the north-west part of the Kathmandu Valley, 1300m above
sea level. It is surrounded by 'Nagarjun' hills at north and 'Raniban' at west. The village once fertile land has now become affected by various waves of changes. The uniqueness of the 'bohoratar' village has now been replaced by globalization. It is now situated in the Kathmandu Ward no.-16 that has the population of 45,450 people according to 2001 census along with the total no. of 10,789 households.
CLIMATE This area has a temperature similar to Kathmandu Valley at macro level though Micro Climate is differed by Nagarjun hill in the north and raniban in the west. At an average temperature of 23ºC, June is the hottest month of the year. The lowest average temperature in the year occur in January, when it is around 10.1 ºC. Light Air passes generally through the northern part of the valley in the speed of 4-11Km/h with the wind gust of 7km/h in the nighttime, morning and evening time. (Climate Institute, 2020)
FIGURE 2 MAP OF NEPAL-KATHMANDU-BOHRATAR ( SOURCE: OPENSTREETMAP.COM)
FIGURE 3 CLIMATIC DATA (SOURCE: CLIMATE.ORG)
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HISTORY OF BOHORATAR Name ‘Bohoratar’ was derived from Bohora residing community living in tar through, Thapa community were equally residing together in the area since mid18th century. The area is an alluvial soil that distributed crops for all over Kathmandu valley
when Bohora’s followed King Prithivi Narayan Shah in mid-1700’s to Kathmandu in the journey of unification. They used to stay in the Nagarjun hills for the
inspection. Bohora’s were the helping hands of king so they were given the work of farming in the fertilized land of Kathmandu valley. On the other hand, Thapa’s claims to be descendant of Bhimsen Thapa, the military leader and de facto ruler of Nepal from 1806 to 837. At that time, they used to cultivate millets, corn and
wheat for residents of 'Kastamandap' and also to the monkeys of Pashupatinath temple. The picture shows the glimpse of what it was like around the area in 1995
FIGURE 4 BACKGROUND SHOWS THE AERAHITY-RANIBAN-BOHORATAR AREA TAKEN IN 1995
AD. (Saurdeep Boarding School, 1995)
.
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SETTLEMENT PATTERN
Map in Year 1965 shows the presence of river called dong khola (Schneider., 1971) passing from raniban throughout vanasthali that mixes up to swayambhu. Few of the cluster of settlement area of tamang community around the 'Raniban edges, Thapa and bohora settlement clusters around 'Bohora' can also be seen through the map.
Map in Year 2003 shows the increase in houses around the bohoratar area. Dong khola seems to
Year 1965
be disappearing. Market area was developed around bohoratar. Else, they had to go balaju bypass for trading purpose.
Map in Year 2010 shows effect of Civil war 2006 where the rapid urbanization has made an impact to the lives of locals and their activities. Migrants had started taking over places outside ringroad as the Kathmandu inside ring road was filled with large population density. (Bakrania, 2015) Due to
Year 2003
that government had initiated land pooling in that decade around raniban area in order to provide comfortable living. (Pokharel, Aananda, Impact of Variation Orders on Construction Project Cost: A case study of Land Pooling Project at Kathmandu of Ichangu Narayan, Nepal, 2020)
Map in Year 2020 illustrates the completion of land pooling in raniban area and increase in urban housing as well as formation of new market area around kharibot and new transportation stops as well. Reason Another reason behind urban sprawl could be the recent increase in the creation of new municipalities.
Year 2010
Legends Temple Year 2020
FIGURE 5 SETTLEMENT PATTERN OF BOHORATAR AREA OVER YEARS
Market Area Houses Dense Forest Area Dong Khola 3|Page
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PEOPLE OF BOHORATAR
Newars of Kathmandu valley claims to be the owner of the land around bohoratar and tenant used the land for farming until the Land acquisition Act, 1977. The land was divided between owner ‘Newars’ and tenant farmers ‘Bohoras and Thapa’s’.
Currently, Total number of 70 bohora community houses and 40 thapa community native houses are present today while the remaining houses are of migrants from around the Nepal. The reason behind the urban sprawl could be the Land acquisition act,1997 and civil war 2008. Natives of this area had got the portion of their land through mukhikya’s of that area who used to be local newars of valley area. Land Newar’s had given to natives for cultivation had then lawfully acquired by bohoras and thapas community. They started selling the acquired land for their benefit.
After the civil war 2008, the migrants to Kathmandu valey were increasing to the extent that people had shifted outside the ringroad area for residential purpose.Now, most of the migrant people are from Mid hills: Gorkha, Tanahu, Lamjung, etc of Brahmin community.
Though as a secondary occupation, native people of bohoratar continues to do farming in their remaining land.
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Nagarjun forest
SETTLEMENT STUDY AREA Total of 36 houses were surveyed in the settlement around the Bohoratar area. The neighborhood had the people of Thapa and Bohora community while migrants from other areas over the world is found in minor population.
The studied site is 3980m2 in the core of Bohoratar area where majority of population are found to be bohora and Thapas. 36 houses in total includes rental, residential and
Way to Vanasthali
abandoned houses. The site is 1.2Km from Vanasthali chowk.
CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS Bohoratar area is predominantly a Chettri community. Thapa and Bohora despite being
Study Settlement Market Area Temple
different roots seems to be living in harmony sharing similar culture and society. People here worship Hinduism. Each community has their family deity located within 1km radius; they celebrate it once in a 5 year. Apart from that, people here celebrate byasdhara mela and other major festival around Kathmandu. Every community here take the account of tithi calendar for construction of new house to harvesting of crops. They also believe in the presence of naag around the area, that is why they have created small naag deuta temple around. Every house has the tulasi math in front of their porch where they worship god every day.
FIGURE 6 TEMPLES NEARBY
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SERVICES Drinking water Drinking water has often been the scarcity for the people living in this area. Migrants have managed the drinking water system through commercialized water jars, water purifiers though locals of the area still travel 1.6KM to get the drinking water every other day. They have always been fond of the taste there in tindhara. People often transport the drinking water through water jar via motorbike as seen on fig. 8.
FIGURE 7 PEOPLE TRANSPORTING WATER FROM TINDHARA IN MOTORBIKE Way to tindhara 1.6KM 6min drive
FIGURE 8 WATER SPOUT UNDER RECONSTRUCTION
DRINKING WATER Study Settlement Market Area 6|Page KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
ACCESEBILITY One can reach to neighborhood via different ways. The Balaju to Bohoratar 6min 2KM
selected settlement is 1.2Km north-west of Balaju. The roadways are 5m wide up to kharibot after that it’s 3.5 Km wide towards the neighborhood. Traditionally there was only pathways from balaju area. Later new roadway was created through vanasthali that reaches to the site. This route leads to the tamang community in the raniban base where people of bohoratar goes every day to get fresh drinking water in tin-dhara. (Map of Bohoratar,
Google map, 2020)
Setting On the way to site, the most of the agricultural activities
being done in the roadways as seen in the picture there’s newly formed market area in kharibot chowk. Around Banasthali to Bohoratar 5min
every settlement area we can also find the water spout and remains of bamboo bunch nearby.
1.5KM
FIGURE 9 ACCESEBILITY FROM BALAJU(TOP) AND VANASTHALI (BOTTOM)
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FIGURE 10 PEOPLE OF BOHORATAR
PEOPLE IN SELECTED NEIGHBOURHOOD Community group and Religion of people
Population Pyramid by age group 85 and over 70-80yrs
The area had the majority population of 77 people of Chettri in total. 22 out of 23 houses owners are
60-70yrs
found to be from Chettri community. Every respondent followed Hinduism and were welcoming to
50-60yrs
share information about their area.
40-50yrs 30-40yrs
Gender of respondents
20-30yrs 20-30yrs
From the primary survey done between November 20-November 27 between 12PM to 4PM, out of
0-10yrs 40.00%
20.00% Female Population (%)
0.00%
20.00% Male Population (%)
40.00%
142 number of people, 81 are male while 59 are female. Out of 24 respondents, 18 of them were male respondent. This infers the male population were seen to be around the houses in daytime, Majority of age group was found to be age group of 20-30. From the age of 20-30, majority are migrants labor workers living in rental space of traditional houses. Rest of the people above 30 age
Population of neighbourhood by gender
group are the permanent residents.
Number of household in a house 7 6
Female, 59
5
Male, 81
4 3 2 1 0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Number of household in a house
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Number of family members Joint families were still abundantly found in the study area, with most of the households having 5-6 members being in general trend
Population
Number of households in a house Temporary 45%
Most of the houses had at least 1 rental space in Permanent 55%
the house so that the owner could get the basic income for rent. One house among them was found to be inhabitable. Over 90% of the house has provided the rental space for the ground floor.
House by Ownership Adhikari(Gorkha) 5%
Khadka 4%
Bohora 39%
Thapa 52% FIGURE 11 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY COMMUNITY
Legends Khadka community Adhikari (Migrated from Gorkha) Thapa Community Bohora community 9|Page KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
ECONOMIC ASPECTS House ownership Population by Economic Status
After the primary survey done among 23 houses, only one house was seen to be built by migrant from Gorkha , rest of the houses were of locals of 'bohoratar' having their farmland nearby. 45 out of 140 people are temporary migrants .
Unknown, 30 Working Class, 21
Primary occupation of household
Middle Class, 70
Primary occupation of household as farming for permanent peoples is declining to be self-employed in the growing real estate business of Kathmandu valley. However, most of the temporary people living here work as a labor
Population by economic status Although it has been a century that people having been living in this area, the economic status of the locals are
Primary occupation by household
found simple and middle-class people. Rentals here are found of working-class labor people with minimum income.
others 26%
Services 7% Labour Work 19%
Farming 18%
Self employed 12% Household 11% Foreign employment 7%
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BUILDING TYPOLOGY
Typology based on- Building storey Out of the 35 surveyed houses, 12 houses are less than 3 meters; one storey.
These houses are mostly vernacular houses or remains of houses that were destroyed in earthquake 2015. No houses are found to be more than 3 storey. Every house seems to be following local by-laws.
Building storey Building Storey 12
11
11
<6M
<9M
FIGURE 12 BUILDING TYPOLOGY BASED ON HEIGHT
Building height less than 9 m Building height less than 6m Building height less than 3m
<3M
FIGURE 13 AROUND THE NEIGHBORHOOD
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Typology based on- Age of the building
Building survey was done in order to detect the remaining traditional building and their age. The survey shows that 7 out of 37 buildings are more than 40 years old.
7 houses seem to have built around 2031-3050 B.S. Almost equal number of houses were added in the time frame of 20510-2070 B.S. But the case after 2070 was different. The number of houses seems to be built double after 2070 B.S. The data shows, 5 families have rebuilt their house in their own farmland right beside the house or few quite far from their previous house after The Gorkha Earthquake 2020. This shows that the area was massively destroyed by the recent earthquake of 2015. Almost all houses lost its top floor so now they had to cover the remaining floor with corrugated sheets and commercialize it for temporary shelter purpose for low-income families.
FIGURE 14 BUILDING TYPOLOGY BASED ON AGE
No. of Houses built in several time frame 16 14
Legends Houses built before 2030B.S Houses built between 2031-2050B.S Houses built between 2050-2070B.S Houses built after 2070B.S
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Built before 2030BS
Built betn 2031-2050BS
Built betn 2051-2070BS
Built after 2070BS
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TYPOLOGY BASED ON AGE HOUSES BUILT BEFORE YEAR 2030 BS
Most of the thapa’s residence do not faces toward the road. They have simple façade. The construction method is Loadbearing brick structure with mud mortar with sloped roof as corrugated sheet. They lack the wooden post and typical pindi, Bohora’s houses has the character of typical hilly architecture with sloped roof with tiles and wooden post, cow dung flooring and multipurpose aagan space. Khoopa could be found in the entrance and personal deity is placed in each khowpa. Houses has separate goth and storage area.
FIGURE 15 THAPA RESIDENCE
FIGURE 16 BOHORA RESIDENCE
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TYPOLOGY BASED ON AGE HOUSES BUILT BETWEEN 2031 – 2050 BS
This era of houses has used the locally available materials such as brick, bamboo, clay tiles etc. Few of the houses in this are is built from RCC structures. The spatial characters are modified according to users need. The sloped roof with clay tiles is changed to RCC varanda space. Wooden post is converted to brick or RCC post. Most of the houses still have the toilet area outside their main house.
FIGURE 17 HOUSES BUILT BETWEEN 2031 - 2050
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TYPOLOGY BASED ON AGE HOUSES BUILT BETWEEN 2051 – 2070 BS
Urbanization all over Kathmandu valley has started influencing this place from this era. People living in rental space inside Kathmandu ring road has started shifting to this area due to low land price, that eventually led to urban sprawl and loss in sense of place. Building character from this time has no specific but diverse range. Reinforced cement concrete structures were
increasing with plastered walls
FIGURE 18 HOUSES BUILT IN 2051-2070 BS
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TYPOLOGY BASED ON AGE HOUSES BUILT AFTER 2070 BS
All the houses built after 2071 BS are Reinforced concrete cement structure. 60% of the previous houses were damaged by earthquake 2015 so people had to build one for the living, so a storey houses can also be seen. Roof are all flat RCC structure. The data also shows the influence of migrants from all over Nepal in architectural styles.
FIGURE 19 HOUSES BUILT AFTER 2071 BS
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Typology based on – Building structure The change in building material and structure can be clearly seen in the data below. The data shows that people of bohoratar had the resources and manpower for construction till mid 2040’s BS. After that we could see the abundance of material as well as skilled labor. In the present day, the houses are only built from RCC structure despite of the number of storey they are.
Building Character Loadbearing Structure
RCC Structure
FIGURE 20 VIEW TO NEIGHBORHOOD
14
2 7
7 5 1
Before2030BS
2031-2050BS
2051-2070BS
2070-Present
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PUBLIC SPACES Youths in this area used the’ Microstand’ spaces as their common hangout area. Besides that, there’s a “Aama Samuha’ & ‘Buwa Samuha’ Bhawan for the community level
events. Specifically, in this selected area, there’s no other discussion space then in in front chiya pasal. There’s a presence of naagmandir and manakamana mandir in the selected site where they worship specifically particular god in the area. Interesting fact is that, only locals seems to hangout around the public areas.
FIGURE 21 PUBLIC SPACES AROUND SELECTED SITE
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FARMLAND Kathmandu valley is a fertile alluvial plain, 4400ft above sea level. This settlement area had played
vital role in supply of crops to ancient Kathmandu valley. Bohora and Thapas and Tamang community were main tenants to Newar community and they did the work of farming in the area around valley. Despite the urbanization, people of this neighborhood still got few of the farmland for farming. Most of them are located in the periphery of the neighborhood. They used to grow maize, corn, wheat. Now they usually grow seasonal vegetable and wheat.
Farming Area Study Neighborhood FIGURE 22 FARMLAND NEARBY
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BUILDING MATERIAL Before 2040’s BC, 90% of the building material was locally sourced within a 5 KM distance. Brick was burned on present day ‘Kharibot’ in their own farmland through the help of labor work by newar community, woman used to transport the brick to site where the house was to be built. Woods are found in in northern forest of nagarjun which was accessible only through north west corner (through tamang settlement). It was quite far compared to bamboo which is found within their settlement area. So, for most of the beams, rafters, struts etc, Bamboo is used massively. Likewise, Black clay soil is also found nearby the settlement 500m towards north. People used to bring the soild and made roof tiles from it which was completely different from jhingati tiles.
Bamboo Woods Clay Brick Study Settlement FIGURE 23 LOCALLY SOURCED BUILDING MATERIAL
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MEASURED DRAWING
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MEASURED BUILDING The house thatI have measured was first built in 2026 BS though it has been reconstructed through series of changes. It consists of attached two houses originally built for two siblings but due the change in demand of space, the owner had to build another house few meters apart. 2015 Earthquake had partially destroyed the building so the owners had to demolish the upper floors and a roof so that they could use the first floors only and then cover with corrugated sheet.
In present, the building is used by rental family. Building material used in while constructing the building are all locally sourced like; Brick, Bamboo, Black Clay soil, Wood and so on. Corrugated sheet and balcony instead of sloped roof is added later.
FIGURE 27 SITE MAP
FIGURE 27 OWNERS NEW HOME
FIGURE 27 OWNERS TRADITIONAL HOME
FIGURE 27 PICTURE OF THE MEASURED HOUSE IN 2045BS
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FIGURE 28 MEASURED DRAWING
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FIGURE 29 SITE PLAN
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FIGURE 30 GROUND FLOOR PLAN
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FIGURE 31 FIRST FLOOR PLAN
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FIGURE 32 VIEW TOWARDS EAST ELEVATION
FIGURE 33 EAST ELEVATION
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FIGURE 35 NORTH VIEW
FIGURE 34 NORTH ELEVATION
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FIGURE 36 SOUTH ELEVATION
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FIGURE 37 SOUTH ELEVATION ( PREVIOUS DESIGN VISUALIZATION)
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FIGURE 38 SECTION Y-Y'
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Open plans in Ground floor of both houses were separate however, there was a staircase (in house no.1) that led to first floor of another house (House no.2), there’s no other entry to the other floors of house no. 2.
House no.1 House no.2
FIGURE 39 SECTION Y-Y' (PREVIOUS DESIGN VISUALIZATION)
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FIGURE 40SECTION AT X-X'
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FIGURE 41 JOIST DETAIL
FIGURE 42 REFLECTED CEILING PLAN- GROUND FLOOR
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FIGURE 43 FIRST FLOOR JOIST DETAIL
FIGURE 44 REFLECTED CEILING PLAN - FIRST FLOOR
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FIGURE 45 ROOF SLATE DETAIL
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FIGURE 46 TYPES OF WINDOW
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CONCLUSION Flexibility of space: The selected community was massively affected by earthquake 2015, though people of that area repurposed the space to use it over either by adding corrugated sheets to remaining roof or addition/ subtraction to space because over the time, the built space may not fit the desire and standard of people
Loss of Materiality Use of advance technology and increase in urbanization, globalization has influenced people to choose advanced new construction material over the local one. This idea of global over local has dimmed the identity of settlement This has affected in sustainable lifestyle as well.
Urban Sprawl With the increase in demand of the land around Kathmandu valley, selling the part of a property for better living has been a culture of native here. This culture has affected their traditional value and ethics. We may not see the difference in today’s hone in Bohoratar and any other place of the world.
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ANNEX
Figure 2. Survey Form conducted for 22 household
Bibliography (2020). Retrieved from Climate Institute: www.climate.org Bakrania, S. (2015). Urbanistion and urban growth in Nepal. GSDRC applied knowledge services, 2-10. Map of Bohoratar. (2020). Retrieved from Open street map: https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=7/29.774/84.210 Saurdeep Boarding School. (1995). Retrieved from www.sbs.edu.np Schneider., E. (1971). Kathmandu Valley. Lech/Austria: AERMAP Company,Florence. .
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PROPOSAL : RE-DEFINING THE FOOD SCAPE PRODUCTION - PROCESSING - RETAIL
Design concept For the primary survey conducted in november 2020, 18% of population does the occupation of farming. The food scape seeks to address the regeneration from urban environmental approach which encourages the existing farmers for the production which they get the common platform to sell their products. The concept also include the extension of present community space as the place for all and pedestrianizing it to create engagement and attraction for the marketplace. This space acts as a catalyst to neighbourhood community in order to improve the relationship between the producer and consumer. Food Scape is the destination hub for food where the locals get benefit by their work and side by side enjoy in their local socializing space & urbanites can passby for local foods or to learn about the basics of gardening.
FIG. MAP OF SELECTED SITE SHOWING REMAINING FARM LAND
The proposal is the holistic approach for urban revitalization in process to revive their architectural identity in the midst of urban sprawl, revive their lifestyle and economy at the same time with the help of innovation and sustainable approach where one of the idea being reviving their occupation and farming land. The landscape of terrain represents an activator that interpolates the terrain lands.
Program formulation S.N.
Programs
1.
Market space
a.
Market space
b.
Circulation space (20%)
2
Social space
a.
Social space
b..
Circulation (20%)
The programs includes:
Max No. of person
Per sq. Meters
Total Area(m2)
15
3
60 12
100
Total
72
1
100
Total
120 ⋍150
Administration
a.
Admin office
4
9 x (2 rooms)
18
b.
Toilet
50 at a time (1:10 ratio)
3
15
Services
Cafe
a.
Seating space (indoor + outdoor)
b.
Kitchen(1/3rd of seating space)
30
20
Total
63
1.1
70
20
Total 5.
Vegetation
6.
Waste management Area
7.
Bike rack & other parking
Information center that holds the record of the all kinds of information one might wants to know about this area as well as this center. This also includes the storage area used to store required files.
20
3
4.
The redefinition of existing tea shop with better sitting area and services.
90 250
2
Verity of socializing space from open to semi open ‘Community hall’ & pocket garden for community discussion as well as to conduct visual guide & garden inspect workshop mss gathering for 10-15 at a time. Waste management area that manages the organic waste produced from farmers’ market and garden area to form compost and use it over again.
120 100 Total
Table. Program formulation
Farmers markets for the capacity of 15 stalls with inbuilt brick stalls that could be used as playscape for children when the market is not in use.
845mm2
Supporting accessible services, toilets and circulations.
Construction material and technology The structure is made from brick and bamboo. Demolished brick which was left abandoned after 2015 earthquake is used in some extent. Brick pavement is done in the pedestrian street . Local bamboos in composition with cement mortar is used for columns, beams and rafter for roof. Bamboo are joined nails tied up with ropes. Leftover roof tiles that were replaced by corrugated sheet are upcycled to place it in the roof.
Fig. Bamboo connection details
Fig. Locally sourced bamboo , brick and tiles
SITE ANALYSIS The site area of 1390m2 was take across the street. It initially includes the tea shop which is considered a major community space through study. The street could be accessible through other ways as well. The site is a junction between two communities and a concentrated area for vernacular houses.
FIG.VIEW FROM STREET TOWARDS TRADITIONAL BUILDING
FIG.ENTRY TO PROPOSED SITE
DEVELOPMENT DIAGRAM
EXISTING TEA SHOP
VARIETY OF SOCIAL SPACE
MARKET PLACE
ADMINISTRATION
ANNEX
N
150 81
MED HER ICINAL BS
X1 3B
3829
9
+1400
GATHERING SPACE + 1700 EDIBLE CLIMBING VINES
+ 1700 MULTIPURPOSE AREA
1700 STORAGE
3 BIN COM SYS POST TEM
UP
+900
EDIBLE GARDEN
+1400
CORRIDOR LVL
+ 1400 WET AREA
UP +600
LOAD/UNLOAD AREA
FOO TRO D LLY
UP MARKET PLACE
WATCH POST
+600
UP
22845
MARKET STALLS
UP
+300
LAWN +50
BIKE STAND
WA T FOU ER NTA IN
OR MA
PE
DE S
TR I
AN
TIO
DO W
+600
ST
LAWN
RE E
N W IN
195
37
INF
T
GLA
BEN C
SS
HES
OUTDOOR FOOD STALLS ( CAN BE USED AS TABLE TENNIS BOARD WHEN NOT IN USE)
UP
UP
00
RECEPTION
+150
STRET LVL
PREP
ERAT
ION
00
SERVICES
AREA
TRA D BUIL ITIONAL DING
00
WET AREA 00
INDOOR CAFE
+300
INDOOR CAFE TABLES
TRA D BUIL ITIONAL DING
604
4
TRA D BUIL ITIONAL DING
2159
2
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
SITE PLAN
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE: 1:200 2/19/2021
A 01
N 176
5
INF
238
NW
IND
1
OW
134
750
276 3
657
OR MA TIO
1
548
111
750
3
275
950 861
181
799 3
281
7
129 8
1 217
7
24 30 168 3
233 8
854 LOC
KAB
LE S
ERV
ICE
IND
OW
219
9
SW
FOL
DIN
GT
R206
ABL
EE
PRE PER AT
1
ION A
REA
1
ABL
R48
02
2430
230
7
NTR Y PRE PER ATIO NT
E
2 973
154 8
A
339
5
171 7
108
4
X1 3B
241 0
B
921
3
199 20 390
3
6 779
287 2
C 186 8
D
494
6
4
E
F
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
3
LVL +/- 0 PLAN
A
ADMIN | WASHROOM | CAFE
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
ADMIN, CAFE AND SERVICES
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE: 1:75 DATE: 2/19/2021
SHEET NO: A 02
PREPARATION AREA
WASHROOM
INFORMATION CENTER
INDOOR SITTING AREA
3542
3700
3
6413
OUTDOOR SITTING AREA
4270
SECTION AT X1
B
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
ADMIN, CAFE AND SERVICES
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE 1:50 15 JULY 2020
SHEET NO.
A 03
14154 3
SOUTH ELEVATION
B
INFORMATION WINDOW
6039
1499
3
1258
5359
FRONT VIEW (NORTH ELEVATION)
B
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
ADMIN, CAFE AND SERVICES
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE 1:50 15 JULY 2020
SHEET NO.
A 04
N 345
9
299
280 1
1
278
7
777
1
460
496 6
8
1
2
345
8
A
BAMBOO RAFTER @50MM DIA 700MMC/C
299
2
B 138
41
278
4
C 460
D
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
3
LVL +/- 0
A
ADMIN | WASHROOM | CAFE
SUBJECT
3 7
E
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
ADMIN, CAFE AND SERVICES
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE: 1:75 DATE: 7TH JULY 2020
SHEET NO: A 05
3
SIDE VIEW
A
ADMIN | WASHROOM | CAFE
LOCKABLE CAFE SERVING WINDOW
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
3
SIDE VIEW
A
ADMIN | WASHROOM | CAFE
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
ADMIN, CAFE AND SERVICES
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE: 1:75 DATE: 7TH JULY 2020
SHEET NO: A 06
31 24
28
N 21
DW
N 36
76 9
MARKET PLACE
X2 4B
13 1
0
18 1
6
12 06
23
24
21 10
16 7
22 57
6
735 4
74
UP
UP
23
59
26
11 4 UP
21
UP
90 15 05
00 10
20
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
2 23
DESIGN STUDIO VI
1
189 5
199
63
60
4
LEVEL +600MM FLOOR PLAN
A
MARKETPLACE
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
3
192
0
30 20
MARKET HALL
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SHEET NO. SCALE 1:100 15 JULY 2020
A 07
3
REAR VIEW
B
OUTDOOR MARKET STALL
COVERED WALKWAY TO MULTIPURPOSE AND STORE ROOM
3
FRONT VIEW
B
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
MARKET HALL
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE 1:50 15 JULY 2020
SHEET NO.
A 08
4
SIDE VIEW
B
4
SECTION AT X2
B
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
SHEET TITLE
MARKET HALL
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE 1:50 15 JULY 2020
SHEET NO.
A 09
2296
2391
N 7151
+ 1700 EDIBLE CLIMBING VINES
6299
180 1
6055
1284
UP
13 92
39
71
+ 1700 MULTIPURPOSE AREA 1700 STORAGE
207
9
25
16
5454
UP
2314
1540
24
569
25
+ 1400 WET AREA
X3 5B
115
48
18 34
11
0
30
6
6
38
98
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
5
LVL 1800MM
A
MULTIPURPOSES AND SERVICES PLAN
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
MULTIPURPOSE & SERVICES
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE 1:50 15 JULY 2020
SHEET NO.
A 10
COVERED PASSAGE
3
FRONT VIEW
B
4522
6678
1436
5
3861
SECTION AT X3
B
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
MULTIPURPOSE & SERVICES
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE 1:50 15 JULY 2020
SHEET NO.
A 11
COVERED WALKWAY
3
SIDE VIEW
B
COVERED PASSAGE
3
REAR VIEW
B
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
MULTIPURPOSE & SERVICES
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE 1:50 15 JULY 2020
SHEET NO.
A 12
ROOF TILE ( UPCYCLING SOURCED MATERIAL ) BAMBOO PURLIN BAMBOO RAFTER WALL PLATE BAMBOO LINTEL BAND
BAMBOO STUDS
BAMBOO COLUMN 50MM DIA JOINED WITH WOODEN NAILS
BAMBOO SILL
230mm BRICK WALL INBUILT BRICK SITTING AREA
FOUNDATION DETAIL
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
A09
WALL SECTION DETAIL
A13
1:20
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
WALL SECTION DETAIL
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE: 1:20 DATE: 2/19/2021
SHEET NO: A 13
ROOF TILES (UPCYCLING SOURCED MATERIAL) 50MM THK. MUD OVER POLYTHENE SHEET 38 MM THK BAMBOO JALI @150MM C/C TO RETAIN SOIL 500 GAUGE POLYTHENE SHEET 38MM THK. BAMBOO STRIPS PLACED TIGHTLY TOGETHER FULL SIZE BAMBOO RAFTERS @500MM C/C
WALL PLATE BAMBOO LINTEL BAND
BAMBOO STUDS
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
A11
ROOF SECTION DETAIL
A14
1:20
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
ROOF DETAIL
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SCALE: 1:20 DATE: 2/19/2021
SHEET NO: A 14
SITE SECTION X1
SITE SECTION X1
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
SITE SECTION
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SHEET NO. SCALE 1:100 2/19/2021
A 14
ROOF PLAN
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
ROOF PLAN
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SHEET NO. SCALE 1:100 2/19/2021
A 15
SITE SECTION FROM STREET
ISOMETRIC VIEW KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
VIEWS
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SHEET NO. SCALE 1:100 2/19/2021
A 16
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION
SITE SECTION
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
SHEET TITLE
VIEWS
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SHEET NO. SCALE 1:100 2/19/2021
A 17
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
RAINWATER DETAIL
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SHEET NO. SCALE 1:100
A 18
SECTIONAL ISOMETRIC VIEW
VIEW FROM MULTIPURPOSE HALL KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
VIEW TO GATHERING SPACE AT LVL+1400MM SUBJECT
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
SHEET TITLE
VIEWS
VIEW TO LOAD/UNLOAD AREA DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SHEET NO. SCALE 1:100 2/19/2021
A 19
SITE ISOMETRIC VIEW
ENTRY VIEW FROM EAST KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
ENTRY VIEW FROM WEST SUBJECT
VIEW FROM GARDEN TO STREET
SHEET TITLE
DHULIKHEL, KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM: ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN STUDIO VI
PERSPECTIVES
DRAWN BY: PRASAMSA POKHAREL ROLL NO. 16 B ARCH/ TY- II
SHEET NO. SCALE 1:100 2/19/2021
A 20