Pork Journal March/April 2009 by Primary Media

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Pork Journal March/April 2009 Volume 31, Number 2

Provisional import health standards for pig meat and pig meat products released in New Zealand Linert Australia consolidates Provimi business acquisition

The continually evolving Lienertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s piggery at Sheoak Log

VIV Asia 2009: Despite the GFC exhibitors and crowds still come

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Contents 8 COVER FEATURE The continually evolving Lienert’s piggery at Sheoak Log The Ron Lienert family owned pig farm is a stand-alone business separate from the Lienert Australia livestock premix business, which grew from the Oak Lynne Stud when partners Ron and John Lienert separated their pig breeding operation into two individual enterprises in the mid 1970s. Nick Lienert continues to run his family’s 430 sow piggery at Sheoak Log with his father Ron, from which they wean 180 pigs a week.

Nick Lienert

Pork Journal March/April 2009 Volume 31, Number 2 Editorial Enquiries Peter Bedwell or Rosemary Embery +6 1 2 9798 3078 Sales: Peter Bedwell Phone: +61 2 9798 3078 Mob: 0419 235 288 Fax: + 61 2 9798 2105 Email: ilvaril@iinet.net.au Website: www.primarymedia.com.au PORK JOURNAL consists of a bi-monthly management magazine and an annual industry review. Published by C. D Supplies Pty Ltd (ACN 091 560 557)

Production: Rosemary Embery Email: rembery@iinet.net.au OFFICE ADDRESS: 250 Hawthorne Pde, Haberfield NSW 2045 Ph: (02) 9798 3078 Fax: (02) 9798 2105 SUBSCRIPTIONS: AUSTRALIA One year – $66.00*. Send payment and full details to: Pork Journal, GPO Box 1846, Sydney NSW 2001 Phone (02) 9492 7386 Fax: (02) 9492 7310 NEW ZEALAND One year – $NZ80. OTHER COUNTRIES Asia Pacific including the Subcontinent – One year: Airmail – $A90; Rest of the World – One year: Airmail – $A90. Please send payment in Australian dollars.

NEWS 4 Despite the GFC, VIV Asia 2009 still pulls exhibitors and a crowd Even though the Global Financial Crisis would have been foremost in the minds of many in the world’s intensive livestock and feed industries, 568 exhibitors from 41 countries hosted nearly 21,000 visitors at VIV Asia 2009 held in Bangkok from March 11 to 13. 14 Nutreco Seminar in Bangkok identifies future path for global livestock and feed sector On March 11, 2009 Nutreco held a seminar at Bangkok’s famous Royal Orchid Hotel that was attended by many feed and food industry executives in town for the VIV Asia 2009 event. 16 Alltech’s Lexington Symposium pig industry papers announced Alltech will hold its 25th International Animal Health and Nutrition Industry Symposium between May 17 to 20, 2009 at Lexington, Kentucky, USA with the theme of the Sustainability Principal – the Next Agricultural Imperative. 17 New Research Fellow appointed to Australian Pork CRC

The Australian Pork CRC has appointed Dr Craig Lewis as a Research Fellow working within its Program Two to improve herd feed conversion efficiency. Dr Lewis will analyse the genetic associations between the voluntary feed intake of females, finisher performance and sow longevity. 18 Linert Australia consolidates Provimi business acquisition In July 2008 Lienert Australia announced it had purchased the premix, supplement and trading business of the Netherlands-based animal nutrition company, Provimi Australia Pty Ltd. This initiative significantly increased not only the volume of Lienert Australia’s business but also its further expansion into other intensive livestock industries other than the pig sector. 21 Provisional import health standards for pig meat and pig meat products released in New Zealand

*Australia subscription rate includes GST.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Send details to: GPO Box 1846, Sydney NSW 2001, Fax: (02) 9492 7310 (Subscriptions only). ALL MATERIAL COPYRIGHT (editorial and advertisements) and may not be reproduced without the written consent of the publishers. Whilst every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of PORK JOURNAL, the publishers do not accept any responsibility or liability for the material herein.

MAF Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ) has issued provisional Import Heath Standards (IHSs) for pig meat, pig meat products and by-products from Canada, the EU, Mexico and the USA.

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PORK JOURNAL, March/April 2009

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NEWS Despite the GFC, VIV Asia 2009 still pulls exhibitors and a crowd Even though the Global Financial Crises would have been foremost in the minds of many in the world’s intensive livestock and feed industries, 568 exhibitors from 41 countries hosted nearly 21,000 visitors at VIV Asia 2009 held in Bangkok from March 11to13. Just over 3400 trade professionals attended the conference and seminar sessions. “We saw a strong selection of innovations for pigs, poultry,and aquaculture which contributed to the buzz that was clearly present at VIV Asia 2009,” said Ruwan Berculo, Project Manager VIV Asia Pacific. “Despite the economic downturn, VIV Asia attracted high quality trade professionals with serious buying power and exhibitors were pleasantly surprised with their business results and gave the event a high rating,” Mr Berculo added. More than 80 companies confirmed that they would participate in the VIV Asia 2011 event to be held from March 9 to11 at the Bitec site in Bangkok. In terms of visitor statistics, just over half were from Thailand and visitors from Australia numbered 163, a figure that put us in the ‘top 20’ level with Japan. This figure exceeded the number of visitors from the US (96). In terms of ‘main activity of company’ visitors from pig farms (around 20%), feed mills (17%) and feed ingredients, additives/animal health (14%) were key categories. In terms of job function, 21% of visitors were general managers, 20% marketing /sales, 12% technical manager/engineers and 11% farm owners, and there were plenty of Australian pig industry identities present. The Thais take their intensive livestock industries very seriously as they are major contributors to their economy, particularly the pig and poultry sectors. At the opening ceremony Mr Apirak Kosayothin, advisor to the Prime Minister of Thailand addressed journalists and conference attendees and did the honours by cutting the ribbon to officially open VIV Asia 2009. Sharing the opening ceremony celebrations were Mr Ton Otten, CEO of VNU Exhibitions and Mr Rirksmai Sukhum, vice chairman of the NCC Group, co-organisers with VNU of the well

established VIV Asia, Bangkok event. The Asian Personality Awards for key contributors to pig and poultry industries were then announced by Nigel Horrox of Positive Action Publications and Ruwan Berculo of VIV Exhibitions Europe. The International Pig Topics-VIV Asia Pig Personality Award went to Dr Orapin Sukpririyagul. “She is a nutritionist, who over the years has been the backbone of one of Thailand’s leading agribusinesses, Betagro,” Mr Horrox said. The VIV Asia 2009 Opening Conference sponsored by Rabobank followed the opening ceremony and the theme was ‘Impact of the financial crisis an the global animal protein industry’. Speakers and participants included Gordon Buntland, Mark Lyons from Alltech, Chairman Goosen van den Bosch, Intervet, Viviene Yuen and Jean-Yves Chow from Rabobank International. Mr Yuen and Mr Chow identified key elements of events leading up to and now playing out in the world’s financial crisis that has lead to difficulty in obtaining loans but also a reluctance of buyers to invest. “The recent commodity bust was more related to speculation than actual demand,” Mr Chow said. “Global trade could be endangered by greater levels of protectionism and the drop w

Top: Munters’ Thailand MD Hakan Lenjesson with new Danish built TU 800 chimney fan. Centre: Jonothon Doubleday and Christine Clark from Auspac Ingredients, Australian agent for Trouw Nutrition products. Above: Cutting the ribbon to open VIV Asia 2009. Left: Ton Otten CEO VNU Exhibitions Europe, Apirak Kosayothin - advisor to Thailand’s prime minister and right Rirksmai Sukhum, Vice Chairman of the NCC Group.

PORK JOURNAL, March/April 2009

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NEWS v in feed prices will not last. “There will be consolidation at all levels of the supply chain but eventually there will be recovery lead by Asia whose financial structures were not as badly affected as in many developed economies in both Europe and the US. “Increasing per capita meat consumption, and particularly poultry would grow to match the developed economies creating significantly increased demand for both feed and more sophisticated protein products,” Mr Chow predicted. In the meantime Mr Yuen suggested that livestock industries needed to go back to basics, refine process efficiencies and prepare their organisations for the recovery phase of the global economy. Dr Mark Lyons from Alltech followed and made the opening point that the financial crisis, while threatening global agribusiness, also created opportunities. “We must ask ourselves, how do we fare against others and how do we make our businesses more sustainable?” “In a world where companies like Nokia have suffered a 46% drop in business over the last year and the Royal Bank of Scotland’s debts exceed the total per annum value of the economy in the UK, we have to create opportunities to survive,” he said. In the future we need leaders who are prepared to absorb uncertainty. At present we have managers who have not always

been capable of dealing with our current challenging global situation. “The word crisis in Chinese contains two characters – one stands for danger and the other opportunity. “According to David Byrne, the former EU food safety commissioner, there are two kinds of organisations, those who have had a crisis, and those yet to face a crisis. “Do you have a plan?” Dr Lyons asked. In concluding, he suggested that “one should never waste the opportunity of a good crisis.” Following the conference attendees joined the already gathering crowd in the two exhibition halls and on the opening day more than 8700 visitors passed through the doors. It is a tribute to the organisers that they put on such a great show in troubled times. Perhaps the most important statistic to emerge from the event was that nearly half of the attendees stated that they had buying and investment plans ready to execute within the next twelve months. That’s nearly 10,000 managers, farm owners, vets, marketers, consultants, nutritionists, engineers, and others who are already looking beyond the current financial gloom. Hopefully the VIV Asia 2011, March 9 -11 conference theme could be “How do we maximise our benefit from the global boom in demand for feed and protein production?”

Top: Alex Eggen (left) from Intervet ScheringPlough’s Global Swine Team with Vincent ter Beek, Editor, Pig Progress, Reed International. Centre: Ruwan Berculo (left) and Nigel Horrox (right) present the Pig Personality Award to Dr Orapin Sukpririyagul from Betagro. Above right: Alison Leary from Alltech, Mark Peebles, Lienerts and Herb Schwartz from MIK flooring. Above: Arne Overgaard from SKOV demonstrating new FarmOnLine management system. Right: The impressive panel at the Rabobank sponsored VIV Asia 2009 Financial Crisis Conference following the opening. Left to right: Gordon Buntland, Mark Lyons (Alltech) Veiverne Yuen and Jean-Yves Chow both from Rabobank.

PORK JOURNAL, March/April 2009

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Main picture: NickTop: Lienert, Garry grow-out Swyghuizen andwith Ronautomated Lienert. ventilation Upgraded sheds Below: Straw used in the Big weaner sheds liquid becomes great and pens. control. Dutchman feedasystems resource as compost.

The continually evolving Lienert’s piggery at Sheoak Log

T By PETER BEDWELL

he Ron Lienert family owned pig farm is a stand-alone business separate from the Lienert Australia livestock premix business, which grew from the Oak Lynne Stud when partners Ron and John Lienert separated their pig breeding operation into two individual enterprises in the mid 1970s. Nick Lienert continues to run his family’s 430 sow piggery at Sheoak Log with his father Ron, from which they wean 180 pigs a week.

PORK JOURNAL, March/April 2009

“It is good to keep in touch with the production side of the industry,” he said. The operation is 100% AI using QAF genetics and provides F1 gilts to the 4200 sow Sheoak Piggery which is part of the Australian Pork Farms Group in which Lienert Australia is a direct investor. “We are tied to the ups and downs of the pig industry, it’s a core part of our business and always will be,” Nick added. Although the Lienert family piggeries w

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v are full commercial operations, not trial sites, it has always been the family’s belief that they should use and be able to stand behind the efficacy of products they recommend and sell. “Running a piggery and using many of the products and nutritional services that Lienert Australia supplies really gives you confidence. It’s kept us focussed on commercially relevant cost effectiveness,” Nick explained. “I am talking to all of our sales team at the moment about Selko PH, a water acidifier which we have started using in our nursery weaner shelters (from four weeks to eight weeks). “It’s certainly dropped our mortalities, reduced scours, and reduced medication. Without doubt it has improved our piggery profitability,” he said. “A tour of the sheds just about reflects the changes in pig housing design and shifting trends,” Nick went on to say. “Some of the conventional grow out and breeder sheds date back to when the farm was first built back in the early seventies, then we have automated climate control farrowing sheds built in the early eighties and recently we have built open fronted straw based shelters for our weaners and some sow accommodation,” Nick explained. “The farm consists of 2500 acres, of which 2200 are devoted to cropping and we run some sheep – we are nearly self sufficient for feed with our wheat, barley, triticale and peas being grown,” he said. “Jackson Australia built our seven weaner shelters and one sow shelter and Mike Anderson from Mundigo supplied a lot of the equipment in the shelters and elsewhere on the farm.” The straw based shelters provide a valuable resource in the form of the used litter which is laid out to compost before being used as fertiliser on paddocks surrounding the pig production facility. Though Nick Lienert has a role overseeing the piggery and farm, since his father Ron retired in 2005, the day to day running of the piggery is the responsibility of Manager Garry Swyghuizen who has worked on the farm for more than 14 years. Garry is assisted by three full time staff and one casual worker. Garry emigrated from Holland in 1967 and worked in the wine industry in South Australia before going up to Alice Springs to work as a truckie, then hotel manager before taking on a caravan park. “Garry is an asset to us – he is very focused and a good innovator, a skill often in demand on a property with some older Top: Later stage weaner batch in shed with Tube-o-mat feeders supplied by B&M infrastructure,” Nick said. Slots. Centre: Weaner shed with drinker trough on right and Mundigo supplied Aggro Of all the innovations undertaken at the piggery since Garry arrived, he reckons the w Feeders. Above: Compost from sheds used in paddocks to produce feed.

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v move to AI gave one of the greatest production boosts. “Recently, in a period of exceptionally high temperatures, we farrowed at 84% and at 89% in the previous 16 week period,” he said. The installation set up of a Select Doser to supply the Selko Ph to the weaner sheds is an interesting innovation too. Christine Clark, Sales Manager at Auspac Ingredients, which is the Australian agent for the Selko Ph product, was very keen to demonstrate the benefits of Selko PH, particularly to weaners and younger piglets and she and Dave Roberts, Managing Director of Think Livestock, helped Garry to install and set up the Select Doser just before Christmas last year. “With weaner piglets using a low pressure water supply system, the Select Doser is the ideal answer for delivering a product like Selko Ph that require very accurate measurement to achieve optimal results,” Dave said. The Lienert piggery at Sheoak Log reflects a lot of the recent history of successful commercial pig farming in Australia. The farm owners have invested in new technology and housing facilities when necessary, but made the most of the original sheds to maintain production levels.

Top: Water acidifier set up – Select Doser (left) draws Selko Ph and feeds into weaner drinker system. Above centre: Rear of Jackson built weaner sheds. Above: The farm is near self sufficient in feed requirements. Above right: Inside the Jacksons sow housing – Mundigo supplied AP feeders fed by Flex Lo augers also supplied by Mike Anderson’s Mundigo company. Right: Climate controlled farrowing sheds built in the 1980s which work well but are due for upgrade.

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NEWS Nutreco Seminar in Bangkok identifies future path for global livestock and feed sector On March 11, 2009 Nutreco held a seminar at Bangkok’s famous Royal Orchid Hotel that was attended by many feed and food industry executives in town for the VIV Asia 2009 event. The speakers were introduced by Laurent Henri Genet, President Asia Pacific of Trouw Nutrition International, a major subsidiary of the Nutreco organisation. As the world’s food and feed industries have all been affected in some way by the current deep financial crisis, it was appropriate that the first speakers were Thomas Lee Bauer, Regional Head for Asia, food and agribusiness research and advisory for Rabobank and Veiverne Yuen, Rabobank’s Singapore based expert on grains and oilseeds and SE Asian food production. Mr Lee Bauer pointed out that Rabobank was one of very few to still have a AAA credit rating, was regarded as one of the safest banks in the world and was currently the only Dutch based bank operating without government support. Despite the global downturn that has devastated the banking sector in particular Rabobank, he stated, with billings of over Euro 2.8 billion, had actually increased its business by 2% in 2008 from 2007 – a year that was a record year in general for banking results. Rabobanks concentration on agriculture and agriculture related business and unwillingness to get involved with complex financially engineered products including the sub prime mortgage sector, had contributed significantly to its continuing security and success, Mr Lee Bauer said. The summation of the current, short term and longer term of the financial crises by the Rabobank experts were, limited access to credit and increased funding from alternative sources(hedge funds and private equity) as well as informal financing lines among businesses along the value chain and significantly lower demand for high value food, in the short term. “In the long run food demand will continue to grow and the animal protein sector in Asia will be one of the fastest growing segments. “Access to markets and raw materials will determine how successful companies are,” Mr Yuen said. Next, Nutreco COO Juergen Steineman defined Nutreco’s position and future directions.

“Nutreco is one of the few global feed players present on all continents with a focus on animal nutrition,” he said. “The global animal feed market is fragmented with the top 10 suppliers having a 13% worldwide market share. “Premix and feed speciality industry is more consolidated with four global players having a marker share of about 50% and Nutreco’s Trouw Nutrition holds the No 2 position with a 12% market share. “World meat demand is expected to double towards 450 million tonnes and milk consumption will grow to one billion tonnes,” he predicted. On the topic of sustainability, Mr Steineman mentioned that 20 billion animals are responsible for 18% of global green house gas emissions and in the past three years the world consumed more than it produced. “Though 71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water, only a tiny 0.014% of useable water is left for the many processes so vital to us everyday,” he warned. “Nutreco will focus on sustainable growth in animal nutrition and continue to work closely with all global food chain stakeholders, farmers, processors and retailers and share our people knowledge across all businesses and all regions to drive innovation and progress,” he concluded. ‘Sustainable Animal Nutrition’ was the concern of professor Leo den Hartog, Nutreco’s director of R&D and quality affairs. Dr den Hartog described the “astonishing growth of world population, especially since 1945 – now at 6.6 billion and expected to reach 9.2 billion by the middle of the 21st Century. “For the first time in 2010, more than half the world’s population will live in cities and improving incomes will combine to drive up protein consumption. “In the decade from 2005 to 2015 poultry consumption will rise by more than 24% and pork consumption by more than 21% – eventually poultry could overtake pork as the most consumed meat globally,” he predicted. “Concerns over CO2 footprint, energy use and land utilisation could become critical factors in crop production as we move towards more sustainable feed solutions. In summing up Dr den Hartog suggested that a change in the business

PORK JOURNAL, March/April 2009

model for food and the feed industry is required. “In the old model we maximised productivity to achieve food security and rationalisation of the production chain and in the present model for our industries we have optimised profitability through greater efficiencies. “In the new model, through a balance of economy, ecology and the needs of society we hope to optimise sustainable profitability,” Dr den Hartog concluded.

Top: Laurent Henri Genet, President Asia Pacific Trouw Nutrition International. Centre: Thomas Lee Bauer and Veiverne Yuen from Rabobank. Above left: Nutreco COO Juergen Steineman. Above right: Professor Leo den Hartog, Nutreco’s Director of R&D.

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NEWS Alltech’s Lexington Symposium pig industry papers announced Alltech will hold its 25th International Animal Health and Nutrition Industry Symposium between May 17 to 20, 2009 at Lexington, Kentucky, USA with the theme of the Sustainability Principal – the Next Agricultural Imperative. The symposium will open with a plenary session where Dr Pearce Lyons, President of Alltech, will deliver a paper on the theme topic and the six pillars on which delegates can rebuild their businesses after the Global Financial Crisis. Dr Lyons will be followed by 2009 Alltech Medal of Excellence winner Dr David Byrne, former EU Commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection, who will describe how the mad cow disease debacle of the 1990s was turned into unprecedented consumer confidence in the food chain throughout Europe. Following the first plenary session the pig industry papers commence in the afternoon session on May 18 with:‘Research to promote sustainable pork production: What do we need to know?’ delivered by J. Pettigrew, University of Illinois, Illinois, USA. This paper will be followed with ‘On the business end: Strategies for a Sustainable Future,’ by T. Clemens, of Clemens Food Group, Pennsylvania, USA. ‘Getting more nutrients out of ingredients in grow-finish diets using solid state

fermentation technology’, will be addressed by R. Teuber and J. Sporke, Agrícola Don Pollo Ltda., Santiago, Chile, This will followed by ‘FAQ for now and the future: Can I lower costs without losing performance?, delivered by N. Williams, PIC North America, Hendersonville, Tennessee, USA Next is ‘Robust genetic selection and swine health’, from M. Engle, PIC North America, Hendersonville, Tennessee, USA. The Monday May 18 Pig Industry session ends with a paper entitles ‘Pigs with PRRS - can immunomodulation reduce impact?’ by M. T. Che, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA. The Tuesday May 19 Pig Industry session commences with:‘Basics of monitoring and controlling salmonella in the pork chain’ by T. Blaha, Hanover University of Veterinary Medicine, Germany, and is followed by ‘Jump-starting piglet health: Bio-Mos improves colostrum production of sows and survival of piglets’ from J. Le Dividich, INRA St. Gilles, France. ‘New protein source and wean-to-finish economics: Finding where NuPro fits’ is revealed by G. Gourley, Swine Graphics Ent., Webster City, Iowa, USA, and then ‘Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Converting pig manure to light and heat’ from W. Henry, Ireland, is a paper that addresses key

PORK JOURNAL, March/April 2009

Top: EU Commissioner David Byrne. Above: Dr Pearse Lyons, President Alltech.

sustainability issues. ‘Boosting Fertility: the impact of organic minerals’ is a topic well known to Bill Close, Close Consultancy, United Kingdom, who is a regular visitor to Australia. The session ends with a paper, ‘Nutrition at the cellular level: What cells do to conserve minerals’ delivered by G. Hill, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA.

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NEWS New Research Fellow appointed to Australian Pork CRC The Australian Pork CRC has appointed Dr Craig Lewis as a Research Fellow working within its Program Two to improve herd feed conversion efficiency. Dr Lewis, who has migrated from the UK to Australia to work with Dr Kim Bunter at the Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit (AGBU) located at the University of New England, Armidale, NSW, will analyse the genetic associations between the voluntary feed intake of females, finisher performance and sow longevity. The project will establish genetic and phenotypic relationships between sow traits such as lactational feed intake, sow IGF-I, sow weight and fat depths and other economically important performance and reproductive traits. It’s vital information that will help develop breeding programs to target efficient production and improved sow lifetime reproductive performance. Welcoming the appointment, Pork CRC CEO, Dr Roger Campbell, said Dr Lewis’ high level international research and experience in pig genetics would be vital to helping control production costs for Australian pork producers. “It’s important work for the Australian pork industry because it’s absolutely crucial for reducing pork producers’ costs

and will give pork producers more bang for their buck, via better pigs and higher profitability,” Dr Campbell said. He said Dr Lewis’ appointment highlighted the CRC’s ability to attract the highest calibre of researchers from all over the world. Dr Lewis completed his PhD in

Quantitative Genetics at the University of Edinburgh’s Roslin Institute, dissecting the genetic control of host resistance to PRRS. His Masters thesis at Texas Tech University on transporting and handling swine in commercial operations indicates the breadth of his knowledge of the pork industry.

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PORK JOURNAL, March/April 2009

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NEWS Lienert Australia consolidates Provimi business acquisition In July 2008 Lienert Australia announced it had purchased the premix, supplement and trading business of the Netherlands-based animal nutrition company, Provimi Australia Pty Ltd. This initiative significantly increased not only the volume of Lienert Australia’s business but also its further expansion into other intensive livestock industries other than the pig sector. Lienert Australia had its beginnings at Sheoak Log, in the Barossa Region of South Australia where the family patriarch purchased a Land Grant from the Crown and settled in 1854. The family had always raised commercial pigs and in 1960 the brothers Ron and John Lienert purchased the foundation stock for the Oak Lynne pedigreed Large White herd. In 1964 they acquired the English sire Meadowvale Field Marshal 2nd from New Zealand. This boar was imported in utero from the famous Thingoe Large White Herd of Charles Flack, Bury St. Edmunds, England and was selected for meat quality and feed conversion ability. In 1967 descendants of this boar sold for Australasian Large White record prices. The boar Oak Lynne Picasso 1196 for $1950 and the gilt Oak Lynne royal Catalina for $1500. Both these pigs were

direct descendants of the imported English boar. During the decade of the 60s the brothers became one of the most successful pig breeders and exhibitors at Royal Shows in Australia. By 1970 the brothers had developed their own formula of vitamin and mineral supplements which they were using in their feed rations. A local manufacturing chemist, who had mixed the formula to the brother’s specifications, started marketing it under the brand ‘Special L’. Challenged by the fact that it was being sold cheaper to others than it was to them, they purchased the necessary equipment and started a premix operation of their own on the family property and marketed the product under the Oak Lynne Formula brand “It was tough in the beginning. Many suppliers wouldn’t give us an account and many said we would fail, but we persevered,” John said. Over the next 39 years Lienert Australia (which moved to a purpose built mixing facility at Roseworthy in 1979, 50km North of Adelaide) became well known for its pig nutrition products and services, and by the early 2000s they were one of the major vitamin and mineral premix supplier’s to the pig industry in

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Southern Australia. The company also expanded into poultry, cattle, dairy, and mixes for other species. Ron, who had played a major role in national pig industry politics, retired from his role as Chairman of Lienert Australia in 2005. John was appointed Chairman and continues to oversee his own agricultural and viticultural operations managed by his son John. Ron’s son Nick is now the second generation Managing Director. Having come from a successful pig production background Lienert Australia is in a good position to provide a practical range of products that can assist in improving efficiency. Given the cyclical nature of the pig industry the Lienert family understands that producers need to minimise costs and maximise production. The main point of difference has been the business’s high standard of technical and nutritional advice. A major contributor to Lienert Australia’s success has been the advice and services of well known SA based nutritionist Tony Edwards. “In his consulting role over more than 20 years he has provided immense value to customers by his formulating and technical advice,” said Nick. “Tony originally designed the Lienert Australia technical service to customers and continues to provide advice to clients and mentoring to the Lienert Australia nutritionists in regard to new product development, product adoption and all matters technical in general,” Nick stated This critically important part of the business, (providing nutritional advice to customers) has seen the technical team grow to eight nutritionists headed by

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NEWS Far left: Chairman John Lienert. Left: The head office of Lienert Australia located at Roseworthy in South Australia. Below: The Lienert trucks at the depot.

Technical Manager Rohan Wundke with Chris Cameron, Bruce Meaney and Lisa Nietschke full time in SA, and Sally Tritton, Fiona Proudman and Megan Edwards part time and full time nutritionist Belinda Hagan is located in Bendigo. “This gives us one of the strongest technical teams in Australia,” Nick said. The team is producing approximately 500 individual feed formulations a month. Another key aspect of Lienert Australia’s business model is face-toface customer service. It delivers its products to the farm and the company’s sales team and animal nutritionists visit customers on a regular basis. Steady growth and sensible management over the years has enabled Lienert Australia to become a significant feed pre-mix and ingredient supplier to the Australian Livestock Market. In 2000 the company expand with a Victorian operation, now located at Bendigo, managed by Bill Steinbornerand in 2004 Lienert Australia together with ACE Livestock Consulting, purchased the distribution business of Supply Plus Rural Services based in Sydney to expand its market share in NSW. “With such a large part of our business relying on the pig industry it became evident we had to diversify,” Nick said. Their strategic goal was to gain a more competitive share of the whole animal nutrition market (feedlot cattle, dairy and poultry in particular) while still maintaining its leadership in pig nutrition. Two options were identified: to grow organically as it had done in the past or purchase one of its competitors to achieve greater economy of scale. Its acquisition of the Provimi business in July 2008 was the chosen course and this purchase demonstrates how serious Lienert Australia is about growing the business and strengthening its position in the stock feed ingredient market. The last nine months has seen Lienert Australia move to integrate the staff, services and infrastructure of the Provimi business and that of w

PORK JOURNAL, March/April 2009

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NEWS v Supply Plus Rural Services into Lienert Australia. “This initiative has been a huge undertaking with more work to go before full integration,” Nick said. They have closed down Provimi’s head office in Macclesfield, SA and relocated operations to Roseworthy SA and closed Supply Plus Rural Services Sydney operation and moved that to Forbes in NSW. The takeover has provided Lienert Australia with a complimentary customer base, in particular greater exposure to the cattle feedlot, dairy and poultry industries while strengthening their position in the pig industry. The company is under no illusions that it has to work hard to successfully integrate the three businesses. “It’s a long road and we have about 12 months to go to get the business where we want it. During the last nine months we have been confronted with numerous challenges, but we have a dedicated team which is committed to making Lienert Australia a success,” Nick said. “The level of on-farm delivery and customer service continues and is a focus for us with the expanded business.” Mark Peebles, Commercial Manager said that the immediate priority was to continue to look after existing customers and keep them profitable and sustainable in an often challenging market. “The Provimi acquisition has moved us further from just a pig industry focus to

multi species and our layer business has now increased to become a significant part of our overall sales volume,” he said. Lienert Australia is now investing in state of the art computer systems and packaging machines at its plants with the aim of increased efficiency, speed and customer satisfaction. The same family vision and belief which started the business in 1970 remains and the same values of hard work, dedication and integrity continue undiminished. The company has spent a significant amount of time in the last nine months working on integration and is pleased with the progress to date. “Lienert Australia has always been committed to manufacturing high quality and cost effective products, efficient and customer friendly distribution services and state of the art nutritional advice. “Customer service, commercially relevant and high quality products and nutritional advice remain the key pillars of the business,” Nick said. The transition of Lienert Australia into a major player in the livestock feed industry is an interesting reversal from the previous trend that featured large corporate organisations taking over smaller family based private companies in this sector of the Australian agricultural industry and indeed elsewhere in the world. In 2001 Provimi, a European based public company formed Provimi Australia by taking over the family run businesses of

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PORK JOURNAL, March/April 2009

Nick Lienert with Lienert staff Linda Scotts, Mark Peebles (back) and Vin Modra (front).

Cliff Thurley’s Agri Business based Macclesfield in SA and Tony Hoey’s company based in Forbes NSW, Janos Hoey. Back in mid 2008 when the Lienert family were considering the acquisition, the environment in the pig industry was challenging and record high feed costs would also have been a potential profitability threat to other intensive industries including poultry and feed lots. Now with feed prices well down from their peaks of 2008 and returns to growers in the pig industry much more healthy, business conditions look good for Lienert Australia. The problem for multi-national publically owned organisations like Provimi (more than 80 plants situated in thirty countries and 8000 employees prior to sale of the Australian business) is that in order to satisfy the constant demand for improved shareholder returns and need to achieve market dominance, they concentrate on the short term whereas a well established company like Lienert Australia with a near half century of progressive growth can structure their operations to ride out downturns and benefit from the peaks in market cycles. Their business model in 2009, post Global Financial Crisis, looks a whole lot more sustainable than those of the big multi-nationals that grew through rapid acquisition based on big borrowings. All of the above notwithstanding, it was a bold move by Lienert Australia to seize the opportunity to grow its business by major acquisition at that time. Perhaps the short statement on the acquisition by co founder of Lienert Australia John Lienert is worth recording. “We considered the proposal at length (of the Provimi business acquisition) and decided that it was an opportunity that only knocks once and we welcomed it.” For more information contact Lienert Australia Pty Ltd, phone (08) 85238500, nick.lienert@LienertAustralia.com.au or go the wewbsite www.Lienert Australia.com.au

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NEWS Provisional import health standards for pig meat and pig meat products released in New Zealand MAF Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ) has issued provisional Import Heath Standards (IHSs) for pig meat, pig meat products and by-products from Canada, the EU, Mexico and the USA. The four provisional IHSs include risk management measures based on a risk analysis on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus in pig meat. PRRS is a viral disease of pigs found in many pig-producing countries, but which is not found in New Zealand or Australia. The 2006 risk analysis concluded that the risk of PRRS in imported meat is nonnegligible, and the following measures were recommended to manage the identified risk: • Pig meat must be either from a country free from PRRS; • or treated prior to import by approved cooking or pH change; • or in the form of consumer-ready cuts.

Brazil approves $4.6 billion in credit for meat sector The Brazilian government’s National Monetary Council has approved a 10 billion-real (aboutUS $4.6 billion) line of credit for the country’s meat processing companies. The line of credit, available immediately, will have a favorable subsidised interest rate of 11.25 percent. The credit originates from the BNDES development bank. The governmental boost had been expected by the Brazilian sector for a couple of months. Brazil’s meat industry has been hit hard by the tight credit market since the deepening of the global crisis. “It will help the meatpackers sector fundamentally, but also the pork, poultry and beef producers,” Finance Minister Guido Mantega said.

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The addition of consumer-ready cuts of fresh meat was added as a risk mitigation option in the draft IHSs that were issued for public consultation in November 2007. A full assessment of all submissions to the draft IHSs was made at the completion of the public consultation period. As a result, the provisional IHSs have been modified as follows: • Curing – the lower end of the pH treatment range has been changed from 5 or lower to 6 or lower. Research shows that infectivity is rapidly lost at pH 6 or lower. • The definition of cuts has been revised so it is internationally verifiable and certifiable and limited to consumer-ready cuts. • Consumer-ready cuts for direct retail sale must have all major lymph nodes removed, and be sold in packages that cannot exceed 3kg. “Having considered the public submissions, all relevant science and a wide range of expert opinion, MAF considers the PRRS risk associated with consumer-ready pork imports to be effectively managed by the measures proposed in the IHSs,” said Barry O’Neil, Deputy Director General, MAF Biosecurity New Zealand. Until 2001 pig meat was imported into

New Zealand without sanitary measures for PRRS virus. A study in 1999 provided experimental evidence that it was possible to transmit the virus to healthy pigs by feeding them fresh meat taken from infected pigs. Subsequently, MAF introduced provisional measures requiring that all pig meat imported from countries with PRRS be either cooked or cured to certain specifications until a full risk analysis could be completed. The primary means by which PRRS could enter New Zealand – via the import of live pigs or pig semen – is already strictly controlled. The 2006 risk analysis looked at the risks associated with PRRS in pig meat. MAF considers the likelihood of the PRRS virus entering New Zealand via pig meat and infecting pigs is very low, and the measures being proposed will effectively manage the risks. The four draft IHSs stipulate that consumer-ready cuts are the only form of pork that can be imported from countries with PRRS without further treatment. These cuts would weigh less than 3kg, be packaged for direct retail sale and have all major lymph nodes removed.

Effects of Mycotoxins ZON, T-2, DON • Irregular heats • Abortion • Pseudo pregnancy • Low conception rates • Ovarian cysts • Embryonic loss • Tail necrosis • Nymphomania

AFB1, T-2, OTA • Diarrhea • Blood in faeces and urine • Inflammation of bladder and kidneys

T-2, DON, AFB 1, OTA, FUM • Intestinal hemorrhages • Damage of the kidneys • Pale and fatty liver • Porcine pulmonary edema (PPE) • Increased water consumption

DON – Deoxynivalenol ZON – Zearalenone AFB1 – Aflatoxin B1 T-2 Toxin FUM – Fumonisin OTA – Ochratoxin A

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T-2, DON, AFB 1, OTA, FUM • Decreased performance • Immunsuppression • Pancreatic necroses

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New program to identify Australian pork from APL APL has developed a program whereby consumers will easily be able to identify products containing exclusively Australian pork. This is in response to several issues: • 33% of Australians think some fresh pork is imported • 40% of Australians think some ham or bacon is imported, but 70% actually is • CoOL rules are opaque to consumers • 87% of Australians prefer to buy Australian • 85% are probably prepared to pay a 20% premium • 35% are probably prepared to pay a 60% premium (Consumer research undertaken by Newspoll on behalf of APL) APL believes this program will have two effects; to cut through the current confusion that is CoOL, enabling consumers to quickly make an informed decision and give processors a point of difference for their products that are exclusively made using 100% Australian pork.

This program will involve APL licensing companies to use the distinctive Australian Pork logo in packaging and advertising. APL will also actively promote this program and generate plenty of publicity for it through advertising and PR. APL said it wanted to keep this program as simple as possible but also wishes to ensure that this program is robust enough to withstand scrutiny by any party, as such the licensing, rules and standards will be subject to audits and substantial penalties will apply to any company or organisation breaching the rules. For more information you can go to www.australianpork.com.au

Vin Modra celebrates 30 years with Lienert Australia

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In April 2009 Vin Modra, Lienert Australia’s SA sales representitive, celebrated 30 years service with the recently expanded Roseworthy based operation. Chairman of Lienert Australia John Lienert praised Vin’s long service with the company and presented him with a bottle of Laudamus 2005 Shiraz produced by John Lienert’s family vineyard.

PORK JOURNAL, March/April 2009

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NEWS Help Australian farmers, Woolies tells Kevin Rudd The boss of Australia’s biggest supermarket chain has urged Prime Minister Kevin Rudd to protect Australia’s food security by doing more to help and nurture struggling Australian farmers. Woolworths Chief Executive Officer Michael Luscombe said food security had to be placed at the top of the Rudd Government’s political agenda. Speaking at the Woolworths dinner for agricultural excellence at the Sydney Royal Show recently, Mr Luscombe added to rising fears that too many Australians are paying lip service to the role of farmers in maintaining the flow of highquality food in the face of overwhelming adversity, including drought and indifferent governments. Mr Luscombe steered clear of the politics but told the dinner that Australia’s national spirit was typified by its farmers, many of whom could have justifiably walked off their farms after battling through almost a decade of drought. Not only had they stuck it out through testing times that would have crushed others, but they had continued to grow excellent produce. Woolworths had taken its lead from farmers to ride out the

NPPC insists on ethanol expansion study With US pork producers still smarting because of high feed-grain prices, the National Pork Producers Council has insisted that the Obama administration study the economic impact of an expansion of corn-ethanol production and usage. In a letter to Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack, NPPC has asked that the administration lead an effort to examine the effects of such an expansion on corn availability, the price elasticity of corn, the users of corn and rural work forces and industries associated with corn. Recently, there have been growing calls from lawmakers and ethanol stakeholders for raising the cap on blending ethanol into gasoline to 15% from its current 10%. There also have been signals that the corn-ethanol industry is seeking to increase production in the face of reports that the cellulosic ethanol production mandate of 100 million gallons by 2010 likely will not be met. NPPC wants the administration to bring stakeholders together to consider all possible impacts of corn-ethanol expansion, including the extent to which increasing blend limits will further increase market speculation, affect grain and commodity markets and actually help the ethanol industry. “In this new era of openness and transparency and calls for scientific integrity in Washington, I can’t imagine anyone or any organisation being opposed to a study on the effects of producing and using more corn ethanol,” said NPPC President Don Butler. While the US pork industry has not opposed the use of ethanol and the country’s goal of producing 15 billion gallons of corn ethanol by 2015, it has paid a price, literally, in the form of much higher feed costs. Due mostly to those higher costs, pork producers have lost an average of $20 on each hog marketed; the industry has lost around $3.5 billion in equity over the past 18 months.

present economic crisis, Mr Luscombe said, by focusing on the basics and doing the best job possible despite all the financial gloom and doom. Mr Luscombe said during a recent visit overseas he had encountered widespread pessimism – particularly in the US and London – and people were surprised to learn that Australia didn’t share their lack of confidence about the future and was determined to power through the downturn. Nowhere was this determination stronger than in the farm sector, which had more reason than most to throw in the towel after a long battle with terrible drought, he said. That’s why he wrote to Kevin Rudd late last year, urging him and his government to do everything possible to nurture the farm sector. He said everybody from the Prime Minister down needed to ensure the security of our food supply chain, not only for all Australians but also as a source of high-quality produce for others in our region and around the world. “Food security has to be high on the political agenda,” he said. Similar sentiments were made earlier this month by Kate Carnell, Chief Executive of the Australian Food and Grocery Council, while a new body has been formed in the Murray Valley called Water4Food which is poised to launch a major public campaign to highlight the vital role played by the region’s irrigators in feeding Australia and key export markets.

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PRODUCT NEWS Endectocide for pigs via water medication from Bomac Bomac has registered a world-first new formulation of ivermectin. Imax Soluble Wormer for Pigs is the first macrocyclic lactone (ML) pig wormer to be registered for in-water use. Bomac Animal Health Australia, is a wholly owned Australasian private company researching, developing, manufacturing and distributing a range of products for cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, goats, deer, dogs, cats and other animals. “The unique new formulation of Imax Soluble, which has a patent pending, means it is water soluble and remains stable in water for long periods, allowing producers to worm pigs in the same way as they administer antibiotics,” said Mick Findlay, Managing Director of Bomac Australia. “Until now, the major pig worming products have been injectables or in-feed medications, although use of antibiotics in water has been commonplace for many years,” he said. “Water medication is highly effective and easier to administer than in-feed medication. It is more cost effective because it involves less wastage, and dosing is easier to initiate and discontinue quickly when necessary. “Dosing can also be more accurate with in-water medication, and mixing occurs on the farm rather than at the feed mill, which is preferable for most producers.

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“Pig producers tend to use sophisticated water systems which allow them to deliver full doses accurately, even with variable water intake due to ambient and water temperature fluctuations. “In-feed delivery systems can result in more variable dosage. Water medication has a better response rate for sick pigs than feed medication, since sick pigs will often continue drinking when refusing feed. “Imax Soluble has a good residue profile, with a withholding period of seven days. Field trials comparing Imax Soluble medicated pigs with a morantel in-feed treatment group showed a clear benefit for reduction of parasitic disease. “There was a marked reduction in ascarid-infested intestines at slaughter, with none of the Imax Soluble treated pigs having a detectable worm burden. “The field study by Australia’s largest pig producer concluded that Imax Soluble delivered via drinking water led to improved inhibition of worm development in the later intestinal stages. “They also identified ‘considerable quality assurance benefits in the use of this water soluble product over in-feed medications’ because ‘treatment records could be entered and quality checks performed on site where both the medication input and delivery occurred. “The implications and potential for this unique formulation and the new route of administration is very exciting for us at Bomac. International interest has already been substantial. We have further research and development underway to build on this innovation in other species,” Mr Findlay said. For more information contact 61 2 9987 4922 or email mick@bomac.net.au

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Mick Findlay from Bomac (left) discusses new product Imax Soluable endectocide with Dave Roberts from Think Livestock. Dave is the agent for Select Doser, an ideal product for delivery of in-drinker medications.

PJMarchApril09:PJJanFeb09 23/04/09 10:37 AM Page 25

PRODUCT

NEWS

New enhanced corrosion resistance mixer

New flat pack tank for Jacksons feed systems

Mixquip, a division of Teralba Industries Fluid Process equipment, has released a new Mixquip Top Entry Agitator that incorporates IP66 drive assembly and all stainless steel construction to meet the increased demand of industrial mixing and blending equipment. “This new Australian made Top Entry Agitator provides the ultimate in reliabilty and durability when mixing and blending of all liquids and slurries in extreme conditions,” said Brent Ovenden from Teralba Industries. “With full wash down capability this new high efficiency design Top Entry Agitator lends itself to all blending and mixing applications across a broad spectrum of industries including mining, wastewater sewerage processing, pulp and paper, automotive, marine and chemical. “This new increased corrosion resistance design retains the features that have

New from Jacksons Australia, the Murray Bridge SA based manufacturer and supplier of pig housing, feed systems and silos is a ‘flat pack’ tank as an option to the company’s popular feeder units. Jacksons’ popular and well proven feeder units have been sold for some time with a conventional feed tank mounted above the feeder cones. Now the flat pack tank offers transport cost savings with multiple orders for their feed systems as well as ease of assembly – the new flat pack tank just bolts on top of the feeder units. For more details visit Jacksons’ website www.jacksonaustralia.com or email sales@jacksonsaustralia.com

made Mixquip the preferred band for agitation mixing equipment throughout Australia. • Over 30 years experience in the design and construction of agitators and mixers • Proven modular designs • Continuous innovation in impellor design lending to ultra high efficiency while achieving • Sanitary and durable configuration • Precision balance componentry including shafts and impellors For further information please contact Brent Ovenden phone 02 4626 5000 or email: mixquip@teralba.com

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NEWS Victorian Pig Fair needs your company The Victorian Pig Fair, to be held in May in Bendigo, is the largest Pig Industry Trade Fair in Australia and the organisers are calling for all companies to get involved. “The 2009 Pig Fair will be bigger and better than ever, focusing on sow lameness, introducing the concept of ‘Net Energy’, CRC program updates and pig industry networking,” said Jodie Boyce. “Providing producers who are the backbone of the pig industry with the opportunity to network, discover and learn is paramount to its continued success. “By your presence at the 2009 Victorian Pig Fair, your company will have access to more than 400 pig industry people. It will be a great opportunity to meet new and current customers, promote your company, display your products and make sales. “To ensure that each exhibitor receives the best value for money, the following is offered in our Trade Exhibitor’s Package. • Each company will receive 20 producer passes you can distribute to your valued clients; these tickets will then are placed into the lucky door prize ($1000 travel voucher) and entitle your customers to a Pig Fair show bag containing Apron and other goodies. • Your company will receive two exhibitor

entry passes and two lunch vouchers • Your exhibition area will be located in a well-planned exhibition hall to make sure all pig producers and visitors walk near your display. • Included in the exhibition area your company will receive; – Fully carpeted floor area (not included in ‘Floor Space’ areas) – Fully paneled back and side walls (suitable to velcro your banners and picture displays) (not included in ‘Floor Space’ areas) – Your Company name will be on the open front fascia (your prospective customers will find you easily) – One electric power point 240 volt for your computer or TV/Video/DVD – One 150 watt large spotlight to brighten up your display “Secure your Trade Exhibit by confirming your commitment, complete the enclosed ‘Agreement and Order for Trade Exhibition Booth’ form with full payment details by Friday June 5, 2009. Send to PO Box 134, Golden Square, Vic 3555. “If you have any questions please do not hesitate to contact myself at (03) 5443 9011 or via e-mail, jboyce@ridley.com.au “Looking forward to your involvement at the 2009 Victorian Pig Fair.”

Alltech’s Asia-Pacific Lecture Tour 2009 ‘The Sustainability Principle – securing long term profitability in a period of crisis’ is the theme for Alltech’s 22nd Asia-Pacific Lecture Tour, and will explore some of the major issues facing the animal feed industry such as rising feed costs, managing in a time of crisis, and differentiating your business in the current environment. This year’s Lecture Tour brings some dynamic speakers to support this pressing theme and will be a forum where professionals can exchange ideas and strategies to forge a brighter future for the animal nutrition industry. Dr Pearse Lyons, President and owner of Alltech, will present on ‘The Sustainability Principle - The Next Agricultural Imperative: The six pillars on which you can rebuild your business and we can rebuild our industry’. In this talk he will cover elements that can differentiate a business including

innovation, education, crisis management, trust and integrity. Dr Karl Dawson, Director of Research, Alltech, will give a presentation on ‘The Nutrigenomics Basis of Antioxidants - Improving Animal Performance’. Dr Mark Lyons, Director of International Projects, Alltech, will give a topical talk titled, ‘From primary student to PhD: Starting early with the building blocks and paving a path for our PhDs – Our successors and the industry’s future’. This remarkable line up of speakers will provide the opportunity for the audience to pose questions following the talks, creating an interactive and unique opportunity for all who attend. The 22nd Asia-Pacific Lecture tour will be held in Melbourne at the Hilton Hotel, on Tuesday June 23, 2009. For more information please contact Jessica Duffield on (03) 9767 2800.

PORK JOURNAL, March/April 2009

Butchers promoting Aussie pork Butchers across Australia will be helping consumers more clearly identify homegrown, fresh Australian pork. Consumer research shows that 33% of Australians mistakenly believe fresh pork can be imported, when by law, all fresh pork is Australian. Australian Pork Limited (APL) has produced distinctive pink ‘Australian Pork’ meat tickets for butchers to display, helping customers easily identify fresh pork as having been bred and grown in Australia. Currently, the tickets are only for use with fresh Australian pork, and not with smallgoods. APL CEO Andrew Spencer said the meat ticketing program is an important step forward for Australian pig farmers, who have been pushing for clearer labelling on Australian grown pork products. “Unfortunately, many consumers aren’t aware that all fresh pork sold in Australia is Australian grown. The introduction of the Australian Pork meat tickets into butchers will drive that message home. “Not many consumers know that more than 70% of Australia’s processed pork products (ham, bacon and small goods) have been produced from cheap subsidised imported pork from markets like Denmark, Canada and the US. Mr Spencer said we need to address labelling of our pork products. Under the current system, consumers have no idea of the country of origin of pork and pork products. This new meat ticketing initiative is an important way for butchers to support the Australian pork farmers. “The current labelling system is very confusing and not informative from a consumer perspective. There are currently three label claims used to describe the origin of pork products – ‘Product of Australia’, which is Australian grown; ‘Made in Australia’, which can be grown and processed in Australia but potentially contains imported meat; and ‘Made from Imported and Local Ingredients’, which is in all likelihood predominately imported pork.” Mr Spencer said the next step in garnering support for Australian pig farmers is to licence the Australian Pork logo to businesses manufacturing smallgoods containing 100% Australian pork. When finalised, this program will enable certified companies to use the Australian Pork logo on their smallgoods which contain 100% Australian pork.

PJMarchApril09:PJJanFeb09 23/04/09 10:37 AM Page 27

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