3.1.4 Positive and Negative Effects of Migration

3.1.4 Positive and Negative Effects of Migration1

Migration can bring some good and worse effects on both the side- origin as well as a host city. Most of the effects are related to economic factors and others are secondary ones.

3.1.4.1 Positive Effects on Origin 1. Migrants can send money back

Most of the young generation of house migrate to urban cities in search of work, so there is no source of income back at home. More job opportunities and a high range of wages may allow people to earn more and send few amounts at home and contribute financially. This may help a family to live happily and fulfill basic requirements.

2. Migrants may benefit the place by returning

Migrants come to host cities and enroll themselves in different types of works and learn new skills. If they return totheir native places, by using new skills they can start their work and earn more money. And also, this may be helpful to other unemployed people to work and earn money.

3. Less competition on jobs and resources

Many people migrate from origin to destination and that helps people who stay there and do work because they face less competition and basic resources may not divide between a large chunk of people. Already the place has fewerresources and the increasing population may disturb the ratio.

3.1.4.2 Negative Effects on Origin 1. Economy falls by using young workers

Participation in the migration process is mostly by the young generation of rural areas. The remaining population falls under the old age group, so they can not able to work and contribute to the rising economic level of the place. They survive on the money sent by the family member. This may affect the economic level of the village and it stops the growth.

2. Brain drain movement starts

Most commonly when individuals leave less developed places with less knowledge and migrate to more developed places to gain more opportunities this process is called brain drain theory. This may cause unemployment in local businesses and the economic level to fall.

3. Imbalance of gender with some side effects

1 These effects are taken from the article publishes on website is written by an architectural researcher who was pursued masters. This extensively discusses the positive and negative effects of migration with different categories.

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The amount of male migration is much higher in comparison to female migration. A large gender gap tends to harm the workforce profile in places as they create an imbalance in the labor market. Male-dominated rural to urban migration only generate employment in the urban cities and affect drastically on the local businesses.

3.1.4.3 Positive Effects on Destination

1. Economic growth can be sustained

Available extra manpower in the labor market transfers to the industry area and increases production which raises the economy of the city. Increasing population generates more demand for food and goods and rise the avenue because of this amount of daily wage may increase, too. Large industries may have skilled and unskilled laborers which allow them to work efficiently.

2. labor vacancies and skills gaps can be filled

Migration filled the vacant jobs and skilled laborers may recruit in new industries and pay high wages. This inspires others to learn new skills and that helps to get a high number of skilled laborers. By this, they contribute to the growth and development of the cities.

3. Host city may be enriched by cultural diversity

Cultural diversity takes into account language, religion, race, gender, and age. We find that migration leads to an increase in cultural similarity between host and home cities and provide evidence that this cultural convergence is caused by a diffusion of values and norms from the host to the home city, i.e.,cultural remittances.Host cities may be occupied by different cultures and festivals which is like unity in diversity.

3.1.4.4 Negative Effects on Destination 1. Low wages may cause some side effects

Low wages are related to expanded pressure, low confidence, and a more prominent propensity to participate in unfortunate practices like smoking and also encourage illegal work. The wellbeing impacts of low wages become an endless loop, wherein chronic frailty ruins work and pay development.

2. More people lead to more security monitoring

Migration results can lead to human insecurity. Disruptions in the economic lives of individuals and their families, dislocation due to environmental disasters, and political and religious persecution constitute a few of the threats to human security that drive migration on a mass scale. Threat perceptions related to migration have heightened in recent years, because for some reasons. There has been a rapid rise in the numbers of migrants crossing borders and especially irregular migrants.

3. More crime rate and traffic

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Controlling for origin and destination characteristics, crime rates at the origin appear to be associated more with migration flows than violence at the destination. Increasing population leads to more vehicle and that generate more traffic on roads. A different community can generate conflict and the mindset of urban and rural people may cause some serious issues and it rise the crime rate.

4. Social and civil pressure

To maintain the number of migrants civil departments had to watch and control the flow to protect the host city. Migrants may become the prime reason to have an imbalance in social culture and generate conflict which impacts the community and distribute them socially. The Department of civil services has to maintain the increasing population and their side effects which bring out tremendous pressure.

5. More diseases

Migration can open host cities to anextra number of irresistible infections since they cover a bigger region and visit a greater number of natural surroundings than occupants. However, as significant distance development is vivaciously burdening, relocation can have a winnowing impact on tainted hosts, hence diminishing disease hazards. Migrants are considered at higher risk for a range of health problems including infectious diseases as HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, and malaria.

3.1.4.5 Effects on Migrants

3.1.4.5.1 Positive effects on the migrant population 1. Get a better job and living standard

Pull factors incorporate higher wages, better work openings, a better quality of living, and instructive freedoms. On the off chance that monetary conditions are not good and seem, by all accounts, to be in danger of declining further, a more noteworthy number of people will most likely move to nations with a superior standpoint.

2. Higher education

Most of the villages and rural areas have government schools till higher secondary standers. To get additional education no colleges or university in a nearby location and that become the prime reason for the student migration. Education in urban cities may allow them to have more exposure and have a good work experience also.

3. Learn new skills and match level with others

More industrial areas and companies with high technology equipment may allow them to learn skills so they can match a high level of wage as others by migrating to the host city.

3.1.4.5.2 Negative effects on the migrant population 1. Communication issues because of a language barrier

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