23 8 17 vol iii 100 science & art explanations by Prof.-Dr. Benjamin Gal-Or

100 Science & Art Explanations by Me, Vol. III ,

VOLUME II

#61 Gravitism: F

rom Spinoza-‐Mach-‐Einstein UNIVERSAL Physics

(Vol. I, 2nd Ed.), o gravity-‐induced Newtonian physics affecting human

inspired by

perceptions of Gravity-‐ASSOCIATED GODS GRAVITY-‐FORMED Great-‐Monuments, fear of the unknown and pleading to manmade Gods and divine-‐claimed Kings

#62

Gravitism: A Gravity-‐induced God?

Gravity-‐induced "high" structures lead to fear of a God in the Sahara, Sinai, etc.

#64

Gravitism: Gravity-‐induced Cave Art

#66

Gravitism: Gravity-‐induced dunes vs. past life

#67

Gravitism: Gravity-‐induced formative art

#69

Gravitism: Gravity-‐induced Survival of the Fittest Art

#70

Gravitism: Gravity-‐

#70 Gravity-‐induced "abstract" art in the sand,

Afgahnistan

#72 Gravitism: Gravity-‐induced Abstract Art on Sandy MARS

Mars' winds blow sands on this location from right to left. Newtonian fluid dynamics travelling dunes is applicable as on earth, only adjusted to different force parameters (i) local gravity constant, (ii) "air "composition, (iii) density, (iv) temperature, (v) viscosity and (vi) size distribution of these "sand" particles. Mars' mass is only 11% of Earth. It is about 50% farther from the sun vs. earth but its colder climate harbors some similarities, for instance, its polar ice caps, seasonal changes, dunes and sand storms.

#78 Gravitism: From universal Spinoza-‐Mach-‐Einstein

Physics (Vol. I), to gravity-‐induced Newtonian physics affecting science, philosophy, arts and various

CONTRIBUTORS to MATHEMATICAL-‐PHYSICS,

Partial List

ISAAC NEWTON [1642–1727] at about 45 age, around 1687 had revolutionized the theory of motion and generated the basic law of Gravitation, which is grounded in part on the earlier KEPLERIAN celestial laws of motion and on the GALILIAN terrestrial laws of motion.

DANIEL BERNOULLI [1700–1782] had expanded Fluid Dynamics knowledge, LEONHARD EULER [1707–1783] had contributed to Variational Calculus, JOSEPH-‐LOUIS LAGRANGE [1736–1813] formulated LAGRANGIAN MECHANICS, WILLIAM ROWEN HAMILTON [1805-‐1865], formulated field theory JOSEPH FOURIER [1768 – 1830} formulated partial differential equations by means of Integral Transformations.

PIERRE-‐SIMON LAPLACE [1749–1827] formulated Laplace Transformations and contributed to mathematical astronomy, potential theory, and probability theory.

CARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS [1777–1855] formulated the Early Laws of Electricity,

Magnetism and Fluid Dynamics JAMES C. MAXWELL [1831–1879] improved earlier electricity and magnetism theories to formulate the Maxwell's Electromagnetic Field Equations,

AND WITH Hendrik Lorentz [1853–1928] and independently, by Bernhard Riemann [1826–1866], a mathematical physicist, with the philosopher Ernst Mach

have criticized Newton's Absolute Space. Albert Einstein[1879–1955], in 1915, extended Newton's Gravitation, Vol. I.

#79 Partial List (I) of main Contributors to Quantum Models & Other fields of theoretical physics Hermann Weyl [1885–1955] (contributed mainly to relativity) Satyendra Nath Bose [1894–1974], (contributed with Einstein to Bose-‐Einstein statistics) Paul Dirac [1902–1984], (contributed to our understanding of the limitations of theories) Eugene Wigner [1902–1995], (contributed with Einstein to the origin of math) Lars Onsager [1903-‐1976], (contributed to our understanding of Thermodynamics) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar [1910-‐1995], contributed to black holes, neutron stars and supernovas general relativistic outcomes at the end of each star "fuel" era, Richard Phillips Feynman [1918–1988], See Vol. I at 2. Chen-‐Ning Yang [1922– ] contributed to statistical mechanics and particle physics, e.g., parity nonconservation of weak interactions, nuclear reactions that result in emission of beta or alpha particles,

Abdus Salam [1926–1996] contributed w. Glashow & Weinberg to the Quantum Model, Sheldon Lee Glashow [1932– ] contributed w. Salam & Weinberg to the Quantum Model,

Steven Weinberg [1933– ] contributed w. Salam & Glashow to the Quantum Model,

have together expanded probabilistic quantum mechanics and have made great contributions in particle physics, with thousands of theorists and experimentalists, whose great and lasting contributions are readily available today online.

Vol. III Ten influential figures in the History of Quantum Mechanics

Left to right:

Max Planck, Albert Einstein

Niels Bohr, Louis de Broglie

Max Born, Paul Dirac

Werner Heisenberg, Wolfgang Pauli

Erwin Schrödinger, Richard Feynman.

#80 Gravitationally Induced Formative Art

, UTAH

#81 Gravitationally Induced Formative Art

, VENUS

#82 Gravitationally Created Formative Art,

VENUS

#83 Gravitationally induced Volcano & Ice Art

, ICELAND

#84 Gravitationally induced Volcanic Art,

HAWAII

#85 Gravitationally induced Sedimentary Art,

EARTH

Author EDITOR-‐IN-‐CHIEF, Int'l Journal of Turbo & JET ENGINES, DeGruyter, GERMANY Former Professor at The Johns Hopkins University, University of Pittsburgh, Technion – Israel Inst, of Technology, TIIT About 2 million citations in Google Email: Galor1benjamin@gmail.com "Gal-‐Or launches a new spirit of inquiry by his excellent and thought provoking writings. I would recommend awarding a prize and would hope that this would serve to focus attention on a most important subject.” New York Academy of Sciences "(His Cosmology, Physics and Philosophy) book has generated a large number of responses from around the world, some declaring that it has turned them into “Gal-‐Orians”. Since the thought presented by this book is so rich, translators of our country should recommend this book with all their intellectual power." Chinese Academy of Sciences "A Master Piece. The well-‐known author bases his philosophy on a very sound knowledge of present-‐ day scientific theories." Indian Journal of Physics "This is a great book, and an exciting book; readable, worth reading and enlightening."

Sir Karl Popper, One of the greatest philosophers of modern science

"I do not know a better modern expression of science, philosophy and classical humanism than that of Gal-‐Or’s book." HaAretz Newspaper

"The works of scientists like Gal-‐Or, Bohm, and (Noble Prize-‐Winner) Prigogine provide important resources. Prigogine's formalisms do not really tell us how irreversible change emerges from reversible [mathematics]. (in this Gal-‐Or is superior)." The Crisis of the Sciences "Appeals to scientists of all disciplines who are prepared to open their minds. Shines a welcome light in some dark corners of science. Sir Karl Popper, in a Foreword, correctly describes it “a great book”. New Scientist Magazine

"We are all Gal-‐Orians ! " Editor, Foundations of Physics

"Gal-‐Or’s “beauty” has always been the object of science, which, he lyrically observes as “a most fundamental aesthetic frame of mind, a longing for the run-‐away horizons of truth and symmetry that we always try to reach.” Order Amidst Chaos, Enlightenment Aesthetics

"This is one of the most beautiful books that I have read." Outstanding Books List

"Einstein's time-‐symmetric tensor was elevated by Gal-‐Or’s “New Astronomical School of Unified Thermodynamics” to the status of the source of “Master Asymmetry” controlling not only irreversible thermodynamics, but all physical and biological phenomena! Gal-‐Or calls “GRAVITISM” (his philosophy) that gravitation is the prime cause of structures, irreversibility, time, geo-‐chemical and biological evolution -‐-‐ that the expansion of the universe is the cause of the second law of thermodynamics -‐-‐ that microscopic physics, and thermodynamics in particular, cannot be understood without reference to cosmology. He ties “irreversibility” to the “expansion of space itself”, i.e. as far as space is expanding, the contribution of all kinds of radiation in space is weakened “irreversibly” due to the expansion phenomenon itself. Such loss, or “degradation” of energy in the depth of inter-‐cluster expanding space, may then be considered as a universal sink for all the radiation flowing out of the material bodies in the expanding universe.” Advancement of Physics “Gal-‐Or's remarkable book sees and seizes the world whole. He emphasizes that all scientists operate under some set of philosophical prejudices, and that failure to acknowledge this is self-‐delusion. Furthermore, he argues that a failure to attend to the philosophical base of physics leads to an empty scientism. His work is challenging on many levels, constituting a review 'with derivations' of general relativity 'as applied to cosmology', thermodynamics, the current state of theoretical particle physics, astrophysics, as well as a summary history of western philosophy, 'especially the philosophies of time and mind' and critiques of western society, the intelligentsia and the relationship between academic science and government. One 'and perhaps the central' theme explored, is that of the interplay between symmetry and asymmetry. His primary interest is not in the recent progress in the unification of forces in gauge theory, although he finds support in it for his Einsteinian outlook, but is rather time, time's arrow, and the asymmetry between past and future. Around time are accumulated discussions, both mathematical and philosophical, of thermodynamic reversibility, time reversibility, the nature of causality, and the use of advanced and retarded solutions to wave equations. The second major theme is that of gravity and its overwhelming domination of the actual form of the universe, at all scales. The combination of these themes is not accidental; they are point and counterpoint to his thesis that the time asymmetries are connectable to and perhaps even determined by the master asymmetry given by the gravity of general relativity: the remorseless cosmological expansion. He argues that only the expansion can provide the unification of time asymmetries.

The expansion provides, among other things, an unsaturable sink for radiation, which, in turn, permits the establishment of gradients in temperature and density, which provide the basis for the physical process that leads to life. He also criticizes the sloppy and improper use of the concepts of entropy 'and the related notions in information theory' and quantum indeterminism, especially as covers for an inadequate understanding of temporal asymmetries. Taking an Einsteinian position on the interpretation of quantum mechanics, he looks forward to revitalization of Einstein's quest for a deterministic interpretation of quantum events. The value of this book lies in the challenging combination of ideas which Gal-‐Or presents, which goes far beyond what can be sensibly described in a review. [This] work may be too large to digest as a text in these days of the decline of academic institutions "as Gal-‐Or describes them", but that will be the loss of both the faculty and the students.”

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS

Recommended by Encyclopedia Britannica, "Nature, Philosophy of"

"Tour de force. A magnificent and sustained piece of work!‫ ״‬

A. Cottrell, V. Chancellor, Cambridge University

“One of the best books on the totality of the sciences & the universe. It was one of the favorite books of Sir Karl Popper. It looks at physics and the universe as a totality of the mathematical philosophical understanding. It also combines the physical concept of time with human psychological perception and brain understanding of languages.” Robin forumhub.com/expr/@202.54.92.222 “I have in the meantime studied your book, with great interest, and made pages of notes on it. I feel as if I had been on numerous walks and talks with you on the great questions, and know that would be great to go on with them! Who cannot be impressed by your love for the great men of all times and all countries, by your phrase “working back and forth between theory and fact”, by your belief that philosophy is too important to be left to the philosophers, by your concern for where thought and language lie in the scheme of things – and by so much more! I continue to reflect, again and again, on your central thesis that expansion is the origin of all asymmetry in time. What an ingenious phrase is your, “smuggle irreversibility in without declaring the contraband”! I regard your book as seeking to accomplish two tasks – and being two books – at the very least One is the exposition of your central thesis, with clarity, and careful mustering of every argument pro and con that can lead to testable consequences. I don’t see how it is possible to do proper justice to a thesis of such importance by mixing it in with the other great task. That is to give students an appreciation of the unity of philosophy and modern physics. You do both tasks far better than I could hope to. I give you my personal thanks for putting the two books into a package that I personally have found most thought-‐provoking.” John A. Wheeler, Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton

“An interesting and original book, easy to read, interesting and fascinating.”

Novo Cimento Science Magazine

"Interesting to read, integrating much of scientific material." Deutsche Literatur-‐zeitung “A comprehensive explication of a large area of science which the reader may study in many subjects.” Contemporary Philosophy "Your book “was / is an inspiration in my life” European reader