WHY 'NO SHOW' OF DARK-MATTER-ENERGY BASED NEW SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY OF SUPPORTING ARMIES? by Prof.-Dr. Benjamin Gal-Or

$-Billions Back Taxpayers for to

Faking Dark-Matter-Energy They Knew it is THEIR Hoax ,

WHY "NO SHOW" REPORTED BY NEW-SCIENCE?

AUTHOR of this booklet: Prof.-Dr. Benjamin Gal-Or, Nov. 15, 2019

https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24432560-600-why-dark-matters-no-show-could-mean-a-big-bangrethink/ IMAGE by http://comicbookdb.com/graphics/comic_graphics/1/161/70983_20070121053847_

Dictionary of Einstein's Induced Gravitism ,

Which, inter alia, defines and exposes (a) IMPOSTERS of mind blowing theories that correct Einstein's blunders, (b) Fake Scientists who Fool-All in the name of advanced physics, (c) Self-Appointed "Journalists" praising any "good-rating" hoax or chimera,

(d) "Fake News" media spreading "new physics" by good-rating "Periodicals" via 537-PAGE BEST SELLER BOOK

COSMOLOGY, PHYSICS AND PHILOSOPHY, CPP, whose TABLE OF CONTENTS is provided below. _________

PREFACE

WHY published reviews by national academies, reputed philosophers, known scientists and science editors, on the revolution of gravitism in science and philosophy, have predicted the current "no-show" of darkmatter/dark-energy-based-"new physics" â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and claims by armies of 2

active physicists that EINSTEIN'S GENERAL RELATIVITY, HIS GRAVITY PHYSICS, is now REPLACED for being wrong?

GRAVITISM, as evidenced below, was FIRST WELL ACCEPTED ABOUT THREE DECADES AGO as being BASED ON EINSTEIN'S GENERAL RELATIVITY, ON HIS GRAVITY PHYSICS and the GRAVITATIONAL FIELD THAT RULE cosmic structures down to OUR BODY, BRAIN, MIND, LANGUAGE AND JOURNEY FROM DUST TO DUST. MORE SPECIFICALLY, GRAVITISM SHEDS WELCOME LIGHT ON THE UNIVERSAL BUILDER OF STRUCTURES, WHICH GENERATES, LEADS TO AND CONTROLS the cosmological origin of the arrow of time, the origin of life, linguistics, being and thinking and the second law of Thermo Physics. But the new generation of scientists, professors and mass media editors neither know it, nor could under the drastically changed culture in universities, academicism, main mass media, and associated aims and confused scopes of the new generation of physics and philosophy gate keepors who support "good-publishing-rating" of socalled "strings", "dark matter", and "dark energy" that replace "Einstein's wrongs". WE FIRST TRY TO SHED LIGHT ON THESE CENTRAL ISSUES OF SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY. _____________ "Einstein's time-symmetric tensor was elevated by Gal-Or’s “New Astronomical School of Unified Thermodynamics” to the status of the source of “Master Asymmetry” controlling not only irreversible thermodynamics, but all physical and biological phenomena! Gal-Or calls “GRAVITISM” (his philosophy) that gravitation is the prime cause of structures, irreversibility, time, geo-chemical and biological evolution -- that the expansion of the universe is the cause of the second law of thermodynamics - that microscopic physics, and thermodynamics in particular, cannot be understood without reference to cosmology. 3

He ties “irreversibility” to the “expansion of space itself”, i.e. as far as space is expanding, the contribution of all kinds of radiation in space is weakened “irreversibly” due to the expansion phenomenon itself. Such loss, or “degradation” of energy in the depth of [well-verified, dark, coldest (270 C below zero), expanding-cooling, gigantic, cosmic" voids", located between non-expanding clusters of galaxies – voids that act as the largest universal 'sink' (or 'cemetery') for infllowing stellar-galactic radiation 'winds', (FIGS. 1 & 2 below], may then be considered as a universal sink for all the radiation flowing out of the material bodies in the expanding universe.” Advancement of Physics "Gal-Or's book evokes a person heart. Has generated a large number of responses from around the world, some declaring that it has turned them into “Gal-Orians”. Since the thought presented by this book is so rich, translators of our country should recommend this book with all their intellectual power." Chinese Academy of Science "A Master Piece. The well-known author bases his philosophy on a very sound knowledge of present-day scientific theories. " Indian Journal of Physics "We are all Gal-Orians ! " Editor, Foundations of Physics

"I do not know a better modern expression of science, philosophy and classical humanism than that of Gal-Or’s book." HaAretz Daily

"This is a great book, and an exciting book; readable, worth reading and enlightening." Sir Karl Popper, one of the Greatest Philosophers of Science "Gal-Or’s Beauty: "has always been the object of science, which, he lyrically observes as “a most fundamental aesthetic frame of mind, a longing for the runaway horizons of truth and symmetry that we always try to reach.” Order Amidst Chaos, Enlightenment Aesthetics

"This is one of the most beautiful books that I have read." Outstanding Books List 4

"Tour de force. A magnificent and sustained piece of work! Gal-Or’s net is widely cast – it reaches as far as science policy and political philosophy." A. Cottrell, Vice Chancellor, Cambridge University

"Appeals to scientists of all disciplines who are prepared to open their minds. Shines a welcome light in some dark corners of science. Sir Karl Popper, in a Foreword, correctly describes it “a great book”. New Scientist (leading journal)

"The works of scientists like Gal-Or, Bohm, and (Noble-Prize-Winner) Prigogine provide important resources. Prigogine's formalisms do not really tell us how irreversible change emerges from reversible [mathematics]. (in this Gal-Or is superior)." The Crisis of the Sciences [We know how Prigogine fooled the Swedish Nobel Prize System. We warned him twice, in 4 eyes, about his 'smuggling the results of he wanted without declaring his stealth mathematical contraband', as the sole reason for rejecting his paper to the International conference on Relativistic and Classical Thermodynamics, 1969, Pittsburgh, that I chaired. And again, for same, post his lecture, 7 years later, at the University of New York at Buffalo. Twice he did not defend his "math", just asked, in Buffalo, if the Pittsburgh conclusion is still valid for his presented "new math" version.]. See letter from Prof. John Wheeler, Inst. of Advanced Studies, Princeton University, below

"Gal-Or launches a new spirit of inquiry by his excellent and thought provoking writings. I would recommend awarding a prize and would hope that this would serve to focus attention on a most important subject.”

Award by N.Y. Academy of Science Gold (a later article by S. Hawking did not make it. Under uncontrolled rage-hate, he thus responded by the sole known published-negative-hate-review of Gravitism and blocked any further article, book or review of it he could.). “Gal-Or's remarkable book sees and seizes the world whole.He emphasizes that all scientists operate under some set of philosophical prejudices, and that failure to acknowledge this is self-delusion. Furthermore, he argues that a failure to attend to the philosophical base of physics leads to an empty scientism. 5

His work is challenging on many levels, constituting a review 'with derivations' of general relativity 'as applied to cosmology', thermodynamics, the current state of theoretical particle physics, astrophysics, as well as a summary history of western philosophy, 'especially the philosophies of time and mind' and critiques of western society, the intelligentsia and the relationship between academic science and government. One 'and perhaps the central' theme explored, is that of the interplay between symmetry and asymmetry. His primary interest is not in the recent progress in the unification of forces in gauge theory, although he finds support in it for his Einsteinian outlook, but is rather time, time's arrow, and the asymmetry between past and future. Around time are accumulated discussions, both mathematical and philosophical, of thermodynamic reversibility, time reversibility, the nature of causality, and the use of advanced and retarded solutions to wave equations. The second major theme is that of gravity and its overwhelming domination of the actual form of the universe, at all scales. The combination of these themes is not accidental; they are point and counterpoint to his thesis that the time asymmetries are connectable to and perhaps even determined by the master asymmetry given by the gravity of general relativity: the remorseless cosmological expansion. He argues that only the expansion can provide the unification of time asymmetries. The expansion provides, among other things, an unsaturable sink for radiation, which, in turn, permits the establishment of gradients in temperature and density, which provide the basis for the physical process that leads to life. He also criticizes the sloppy and improper use of the concepts of entropy 'and the related notions in information theory' and quantum indeterminism, especially as covers for an inadequate understanding of temporal asymmetries. Taking an Einsteinian position on the interpretation of quantum mechanics, he looks forward to revitalization of Einstein's quest for a deterministic interpretation of quantum events. 6

The value of this book lies in the challenging combination of ideas which GalOr presents, which goes far beyond what can be sensibly described in a review. [This] work may be too large to digest as a text in these days of the decline of academic institutions "as Gal-Or describes them", but that will be the loss of both the faculty and the students.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS

LETTER TO AUTHOR: “I have in the meantime studied your book, with great interest, and made pages of notes on it. I feel as if I had been on numerous walks and talks with you on the great questions, and know that would be great to go on with them! Who cannot be impressed by your love for the great men of all times and all countries, by your phrase “working back and forth between theory and fact”, by your belief that philosophy is too important to be left to the philosophers, by your concern for where thought and language lie in the scheme of things – and by so much more! I continue to reflect, again and again, on your central thesis that expansion is the origin of all asymmetry in time. What an ingenious phrase is your “smuggle irreversibility in without declaring the contraband”! I regard your book as seeking to accomplish two tasks – and being two books – at the very least One is the exposition of your central thesis, with clarity, and careful mustering of every argument pro and con that can lead to testable consequences. I don’t see how it is possible to do proper justice to a thesis of such importance by mixing it in with the other great task. That is to give students an appreciation of the unity of philosophy and modern physics. You do both tasks far better than I could hope to. I give you my personal thanks for putting the two books into a pacackage that I personally have found most thought-provoking.” Prof. John Wheeler, Inst. of Advanced Studies, Princeton University

“One of the best books on the totality of the sciences & the universe. It was one of the favorite books of Sir Karl Popper. 7

It looks at physics and the universe as a totality of the mathematical philosophical understanding. It also combines the physical concept of time with human psychological perception and brain understanding of languages.” Robin forumhub.com/expr/@202.54.92.222 Recommended by Encyclopedia Britannica, "Nature, Philosophy of" In Genesis the ancient HEBREW COSMOLOGY has been approved today RE: ‘In the beginning’ [of our universe as verified by Einstein Verified Gravity Physics [General Relativity], and all astronomial observations], ‘voids’, ‘light’ and ‘structure-less’ state, "are uncannily close to the verified evidence with which modern science has already supplied us.” Quotated CPP by Christian Apologetics Journal

"Most astrophysicists, cosmologists and astronomers agree: The biblical account of cosmic evolution, in stressing `a beginning´ and the initial roles of `void,´ `light´ and a `structureless´ state, may be uncannily close to the verified evidence with which modern science has already supplied us" Professor Weisskopf, MIT, quotes CPP in Scientific American

insteinian

eritage

ARMIES OF FAKE SCIENTISTS TRY IN VAIN TO REPLACE IT WITH THEIR DARK-MATTER-ENERGY HOAX or CHIMERA, to be Awarded $-Billions & False Fame

1987 Painting by E. Katz, By permission

EINSTEIN: â&#x20AC;&#x153;It is the fundamental emotion which stands at the cradle of true art and true science. It was the experience of mystery -- even if mixed with fear -- that engendered religion. 9

A knowledge of the existence of something we cannot penetrate, of the manifestations of the profoundest reason and the most radiant beauty, which are only accessible to our reason in their most elementary forms -- it is this knowledge and this emotion that constitute the truly religious attitude; in this sense, and in this alone, I am a deeply religious man.” “I cannot conceive of a God who rewards and punishes his creatures, or has a will of the type of which we are conscious in ourselves. An individual who should survive his physical death is also beyond my comprehension, nor do I wish it otherwise; such notions are for the fears or absurd egoism of feeble souls.” “Enough for me the mystery of the eternity of life, and the inkling of the marvelous structure of reality, together with the single-hearted endeavor to comprehend a portion, be it never so tiny, of the reason that manifests itself in nature.” “I gang my own gait and have never belonged to my country, my home, my friends, or even my immediate family, with my whole heart; in the face of all these ties I have never lost an obstinate sense of detachment, which increases with age.”. “One is sharply conscious, yet without regret, of the limits to the possibility of mutual understanding and sympathy with one's fellow-creatures. Such a person no doubt loses something in the way of geniality and light-heartedness; on the other hand, he is largely independent of the opinions, habits, and judgments of his fellows.” In lieu of the aforementioned personal-life and philosophy-faith, Einstein consistently selected to protect his privacy inside his room, in his house, working in maximized-freedom, undisturbed solitude; even sleeping naked in his room while his privacy has been strictly guarded by his devoted secretary Helen Dukas, who also screened his incoming mail, deleted nasty or anti-Semitic letters and politely blocking unwanted visitors. Einstein is also known for his subtle sarcasm. Before Einstein left Hitler’s Germany to the United States, a professor in Berlin was extremely nasty in targeting him. One day Einstein was informed that Professor XXX just died. Einstein’s reaction: “Everyone does something good in his life, even Professor XXX; he died.

Einstein's "Anti-Pomposity"; Anti-"Politically Correct" As a younger man he used to play his beloved violin in the homes of some German women. One day, while he was playing there, they started knitting. Einstein stopped playing, packed his violin to leave, and apologized: “I would not even dream to disturb you from your knitting work.

â&#x20AC;?On another occasion, as a celebrity living in his house near a lake outside Berlin, his wife urged him to change his simple, but comfortable home dress, to a formal one, for dignitaries are to arrive soon to visit him. His response: let them meet me as I am dressed and work in my house. If they come to see my formal dress please show them my closet.

Theoretical Physics at its Highest Historical Level

The higheest level of physics was reached post (i) The creation of the 1915 Einsteinian Gravity Physics (General Relativity) that predicts a strange, socially unwanted, world expansion (or contraction), (ii) That unwanted theory was first confirmed in 1918 by correctly predicting the bending of light by gravitation in curved space-time, (iii) Re-confirmed, before 1927, by the American astronomer Hubble: We live in an expanding world that had "beginning", as the Bible states In its first Chapter. Sitting, from left: I. Langmuir, M. Planck, Marie Curie, H.A. Lorentz, A. Einstein, P. Langevin, Ch.-E. Guye, C.T.R. Wilson, O.W. Richardson 2nd Sitting: P. Debye, M. Knudsen, W.L. Bragg, H.A. Kramers, P.A.M. Dirac, A.H. Compton, L. de Broglie, M. Born, N. Bohr; Standing: A. Piccard, E. Henriot, P. Ehrenfest, E. Herzen, Th. de Donder, E. SchrĂśdinger, J.E. Verschaffelt, W. Pauli, W. Heisenberg, R.H. Fowler, L. Brillouin.

NONE OF CONTEMORARY PHYSICISTS, INCLUDING the GREAT CONTRIBUTORS to physics, and NOBEL LAURATES, have reached the historic standing of most of these creative scientists. 11

Perfection of means and confusion of goals, seem – in my opinion – to characterize our age. ----- Albert Einstein Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world.----- Albert Einstein The pursuit of knowledge for its own sake, an almost fanatical love of justice, and the desire for personal independence--these are the features of Jewish tradition which make me thank my stars that I belong to it. ----- Albert Einstein Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds ----- Albert Einstein

INFINITIES? -- the universe and human stupidity, and am not

sure about the universe. (Einstein); Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.----- Albert Einstein Do what you feel to be right, for you'll be criticized anyway ---- Eleanor Roosevelt Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has. ------ Margaret Mead

Nobel Laureate RICHARD FEYNMAN “The first principle is that you must not fool yourself – and you are the easiest person to fool. So you have to be very careful about that. After you’ve not fooled yourself, it’s easy not to fool other scientists. You just have to be honest in a conventional way.”

“You should not fool the layman when you’re talking as a scientist." 12

"The frequent occurrence of these [COLD, DARK, EXPANDING VOIDS HARBORING ALMOST NO GALAXIES vis-Ã -vis NON-EXPANDING, COMPACTED CLUSTERS OF SUPER-STRUCTURES OF GALAXIES IN THE FORM OF FILAMENTS AROUND EACH VOID] is one of several serious challenges to our current understanding of the origin and evolution of the large-scale distribution of matter in the universe."

SCIENCE, AAA PMID: 17812575 DOI: 10.1126/science.246.4932.897; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17812575

Figure 1: (NASA RECFIGURE

FIGURE 1: Intergalactic, expanding, cold VOIDS are the coldest in the expanding universe. Their collective expansion compacts most NONEXPANDING, clusters of galaxies, first INTO CLUSTERS, [FIG. 2]

FIGURE 2: ABOUT THREE DECADES AGO the observed verified facts, formulations of general relativity, entropy-free thermodynamics and the principles of Gravitism, were published. (cf. TABLE OF CONTENTS of the 537-page, hard cover, best selling CPP book, [1+ million citations in Google]) (a) Inter alia CPP had also predicted that the observed, intergalactic, cold, expanding voids, which, according to GRAVITISM, dominate the evolution of structures ranging from galaxies to human bodies, to our linguistics, to being-and-thinking, all irrespective of the Einstein-Hubble inertia world expansion since creation, but would boost it, as indeed discovered 17 years later by the 1998 discovery of accelerated expansion of the universe. (b) FIG. 2 is reproduced from CPP. With FIG. 1, It constitute the central thesis in refuting claims voiced by armies of supporting dark-energy-speculations that do not explain the compacting process of galaxies into clusters and filament structures. (c) The 1998 discovery of accelerated expanding universe, is miraculously explained by un-measurable dark energy that acts against Einsteinian gravity, and is also the 14

claimed base of a new, dark-energy-physics that replaces the claimed wrong EINSTEINIAN GENERAL RELATIVITY â&#x20AC;&#x201C; EINSTEIN'S GRAVITY PHYSICS. (d) In contrast we claim that evidence on compacted galaxies into non-expanding clusters, [FIGS. 1 AND 2], is explained by carful studies of both FIGURES, which also illustrate how stellar-galactic radiation-winds (FIG. 3), irreversibly dissipate, from all directions, in any void [yellow arrows in FIG. 1], as cosmic 'cemetery'. (e) These flow-ins are feasible only from emitters to nearby voids, (cf. "our nonexpanding Filament VIRGO that is visible at the center of FIG. 1.) (f) The Reason? Flowing-in winds do not and cannot proceed to other voids because the winds are blocked by surrounding "filament-walls", [FIGS. 1 AND 2]. Hence all voids-filaments structures visible in FIG. 1 are repeated by somewhat similar structure-situation -- some open, some asymmetric, but all expand under the same stellar-galactic-winds-induced-clash-thrust-extra-expanding-mechanism. (g) The stellar-galactic winds impact our SOLAR-SYSTEM, (FIG. 3), generated by active stars located INSIDE OUR radiating MILKY-WAY [FIGS. 3, 7], located inside our Local Group, [FIG. 6], located inside our VIRGO-SUPER-CLUSTER [FIG. 1]. (h) under simple momentum conservation that rules all physics, the inflowing radiation-winds clash with opposite ones in each void, FIGS. 1 and 2. (i) Once stopped inside each and all voids, WINDS-CLASH in 'ADIABATIC' LOCATIONS INDICATED BY FIG. 2. (j) THE CLASHES CAUSE 'BACK THRUST', LIKE THAT CAUSED BY ROCKETS OR JET ENGINES, WHICH NOT ONLY BOOST THE SLOWING DOWN BY GRAVITATION INERTIA WORL EXPANSION SINCE THE BIG BANG MOMENT, BUT EACH VOID THUS CONTRIBUTE EXTRA, INDEPENDENT VOID EXPANSION WHICH COMPACTS ANY SURROUNDING, NON-EXPANDING WALLS-FILAMENT-OF-GALAXIES, (k) THAT INDEPENDENT EXTRA EXPANSION BOOSTS THE EINSTEIN-HUBBLE SLOWING DOWN EXPANSION OF THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE SINCE THE BIG BANG. (l) BUT THAT EXTRA EXPANSION WAS NOT EFFECTIVE INITIALLY [CF. FIG. 5]. 15

(m)

ONLY WHEN THE INTENSITIES OF COMBINED STELLAR-GALACTIC WINDS HAD

REACHED STRONG SUSTAINED LEVELS [ONLY DURING THE LAST BILLION YEARS OR SO], THAT EXTRA BOOST WAS STRONG ENOUGH TO REVERSE DECELERATION INTO ACCELERATED RATE OF EINSTEIN-HUBBLE WORLD EXPANSION, [WHICH MAY THUS BE TERMED A SECOND, INDEPENDENT, SIMULTANEUSB EXPANSION.]. (n) Figure 2 Indicates, "RADIATION ENERGY DENSITY" vs. "DISTANCE". It also defines "DIRECTION OF NET RADIATION FLOW". the "3rd COSMOLOGICAL ARROW", (which generate energy-density gradients that lead to the "2nd COSMOLOGICAL ARROW", which represents "EXPANDIND SPACE "1" [the collective, interconnected, expanding galactic voids] CONFINED TO COLD-DARK, INTERGALACTIC VOIDS and NOT involving Spaces "2" and "3" inside the filaments, inside galaxies, inside stellar systems, inside planetary, gravity-bounded, non-expanding "CLUSTER I" and "CLUSTER II". (Figs. 6, 7).

Figure 3: "SPACE-

2",

above, wraps all nonexpanding galaxies [Figs. 1, 2], and non-expanding SPACE"3" [right], where super-fast, interstellar

radiation "winds" flow out to 16

VOIDS THAT THUS COMPACT, galaxies, first into "CLUSTERS", Fig. 2, then into "FILAMENTS" Fig. 1.

"EXPANDING SPACE-1" [all intergalactic, interconnected voids, Fig. 1], is composed of all coldest VOIDS located between Super-Clusters-filaments of galaxies, [Figs. 1, 2], including ''OUR VIRGO FILAMENT" [Figs.1, 6, 7] inside which our "Local Group" of galaxies is located.

How Voids-size Increases since 700m years post the Big Bang?

FIGURES 4 AND 5 BELOW are important for education, but do NOT show the verified compacted cluster-filaments caused by stellar-galactic winds, Figs. 2, 3.

Figure 5: The earliest detected intergalactic voids (dark blue) vs. early "galaxies" that radiate winds into the early voids, which had first been expanding only the inertia of big-bang expansion, Fig. 4. Gradually, as number and intensities of the main emitters has increased, the stellar-galactic winds, Figs. 1, 2, 3, have generated a strong, independent, second, uniform, simultaneous expansion, of the universe that has gradually reversed the slowing down of the big-bang inertia expansion into the currently observed, slightly accelerating expansion of the universe. [Image Source: The cosmic background radiation records have been verified since 1964]. 19

Figure 6: Zooming in to 10 Million light years scale reveals that even at this scale our entire solar system is less than a visible dot. Our LOCAL GROUP IS VISIBLE AT THIS SCALE, also gravitational structures like the familiar Ursa Major and Leo Groups. 20

Figure 7: Zooming next to 1 Million light years scale reveals "Our Non-Expanding Subfilament Neighborhood”, inside which we live. AGAIN WE NOTE THAT even at this scale, our entire solar system, FIG. 3, is less than a visible dot. It is located inside the visible Milky Way Galaxy - a component of our LOCAL GROUP, visible in Fig. 6. These large structures are gravity-bounded as non-expanding entities that include 'our' GIANT VIRGO CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, [Fig. 1]. Andromeda galaxy is marked yellow. §

It is 2,200,000 light-years away and is almost similar to our galaxy.

It is also characterized by a spiral structure.

We see it today as it was when the earliest hominids left East Africa to arrive at the "promised land". 21

§ § § §

§ § §

Both galaxies are the largest in our Local Group, which is about 10,000,000 lightyears in its largest spatial ‘diameter’. The "Local Group" includes M49, M58, M59, M60, M61, M84, M86, M87, M89 and M31 (Andromeda). Andromeda’s system consists of Cassiopeia Dwarf, Pegasus dSph, M32, M110, NGC 147, NGC195, AND I-V, etc. The Triangulum Galaxy, the 3rd largest galaxy in ‘our’ local group, also includes the Pisces Dwarf as a satellite. ‘Our’ satellite galaxies consist of the Large and Small Magellanic Systems. The space inside the filamets does not expand. BACK TO study FIGURES 1, 2, 3.

GRAVITISM TABLE OF CPP CONTENTS

Preface SIR KARL POPPER, Foreword ……………….………..……..… xx SIR ALAN COTTRELL, Foreword ………………….……......... xxi Preface ……………………………………..….……….…..….... xxii

Introduction 1.1 The Revival of Relativistic Cosmology vs. Modified Concepts and Order in Physics and Philosophy 1.1.1 Science Order: Cosmology to Quantum or in Reverse?... 3 1.1.2 How did all start? v. Science teaching of that Order….....5 1.1.3 The first seven stages v. tradition ……….....…............... 7 1.1.4 The present matter-dominated era by Astronomy........... 11 2.1 The Einsteinian Methodology: A Preliminary Remark ..... 11

From Terrestrial Gravitational Structures to Black Holes and Neutrinos in Astrophysics 1.1 Gravitation, Asymmetry and Structure of Earth v. Cosmos ..80 A fallacy associated with current Education ...………...........80 1.1.2 Gravity-induced sedimentary structures …………............. 81 22

1.2 Stars and the Hertzsprung-Russel Central Diagram ……….. 88 1.3 Supernova, Gravitational Collapse, Neutron Stars, Pulsars …………………………………….......…92 1.4 X-Ray Astronomy, Binary X-Ray Systems, and... Gravitational Clocks ……………………………………......... . 100 1.5 Black Holes …………………….…………………….….… 106 1.6 Gas, Dust and the Formation of Stars in Our Galaxy ............113 1.7 How Are Cosmic Distances Measured? ……………….….. 116 1.8 Neutrino Astronomy and Astrophysics ………………….... 130 1.9 The Emergence of Gamma-Ray Astronomy ………….…... 132 1.10 Exploration of Extra-Solar Space by Unmanned Spacecraft ……………………….………..…… 134

From Old Physics to Particle Physics-I 2.1 Aim and Scope ……………………………………………. 138 2.2 Limitations of Theory ……………………………….….… 140 2.3 The General Macroscopic Equation ………………….….... 142 2.4 Continuity Equation (Total Mass Conservation) ………..... 146 2.5 Conservation of Linear Momentum and Gravity.…………. 147 2.6 The Navier-Stokes Equations and Gravity ……………….. 149 2.7 Kinetic-Energy Equation and Dissipation Function in Gravitational Fields ……………......... 152 2.8 First Law of Thermodynamics or Energy Conservation Equation ………………………………….......… 154 2.9 First Law and Enthalpy ………………………………….... 156 2.10 First Law In Terms of Temperature Field …………….…. 157 2.11 Entropy Balance Equation ……………………………….. 159 2.12 Beyond Classical Physics:...............…………………...…. 160 2.13 Neutrinos and the Powerful Role Conservation Equations Play in Subatomic Processes (Addendum) …...…… 163

General Relativity and Relativistic Cosmology Should Rule Particle-Quantum Physics, Not the Other Way, Not by Quantum Axioms 3.1 Introduction …………………………………………………....... 167 3.1.1 Einstein’s field equations in general relativity ………..…….… 169 3.1.2 Confirmation of Einstein’s Theory of Gravitation …………..... 172 3.2 Principles and Formulations of General Relativity and Relativistic Cosmology ………………...……….………………....... 191 3.3 Observations, The “Age” of the Universe. 23

And “Equivalent Local Cells” …………………….……….….......... 200 3.4 Timekeeping, Accelerated Observers and the Principle of Equivalence ………………………….……………........ 204 3.5 From General Relativity to Unified Field Theories ………….…. 205

From Physics to Philosophical Crossroads and Back The Arrows of Time 4.1 Time and The Arrow of Time: The Most Distorted of All Ideas? ..215 4.2 Asymmetry-Symmetry-Space-Time and The Unification of the Laws of Physics …………………….............. 216 4.3 Methodology, Aim and Scope ………………………………....... 217 4.4 Confusing Concepts of Time and Time Asymmetries ………...... 219 4.5 The Entropic Arrow of Time ……………………………….....… 222 4.6 Causality, Causation and Time Asymmetries ………………........ 226 4.7 Causation and Determinism in Relativistic Theories ……..............227 4.8 Cosmological Arrows of Time and Cosmic Time ……….…….... 230 4.9 A Few Concluding Remarks ………………….……...………...... 232 4.10 Time-Reversal Invariance and Irreversibility …………….……. 236 4.10 Microscopic Time Asymmetries in “Elementary Particles” … .. 240 4.11 Death of Scale-Based Physics….......….………….……….......... 242 4.12 “Dual” Quantum-Geometrodynamical School and “Superspace” 243 4.13 Tachyons and Causal Violations …………………….………. ....246 4.14 Macrocausality and Microcausality in Quantum Mechanics …... 247 4.15 Fading Memory in Classical Physics …………………………... 247 4.16 Doubts as to the Universality of Entropy ……………………..... 249 4.17 Entropy-Free Thermodynamic Arrows of Time ………….…... . 250

Crisis in the Standard Quantum Model Gravitation & Cosmology v. Quantum Model 5.1 Preliminary Review …………………………………….……...... 255 5.1.1 The three main schools of thought ……………………............. 261 5.2 Einstein’s Objections to the Uncertainty Principle ………........... 262 5.3 The Heresy of a Few Skeptics ………………………….…......... 265 5.4 Mythologized Concepts of Quantum Physics …………...…....... 265 5.5 The Failure of Classical and Quantal Statistical Mechanics to Deduce Irreversibility and Time Asymmetries .............267 5.6 The Emergence of Quantum Chromodynamics and Super-Symmetry …………………………………….................. 272 5.6.1 Spatio-Temporal Approach to Quantum Physics ……….......... 272 5.6.2 From Weinberg-Salam Theory to Quantum Chromodynamics ………………………............................ 273 24

5.6.2.1 Conservation laws as symmetry principles; and vice versa ... 273 5.6.2.2 Global, exact, approximate, isotopic and SU(3) symmetries 274 5.6.2.3 From SU(3) to renormalizable gauge theories ……............... 276 5.6.2.4 Quark confinement asymptotic freedom in gauge theories 276-1 5.6.2.5 QCD and the search for higher symmetry principles ……... 276-2 5.6.3 Quantum Field Theories, Super-Symmetry & Super-Gravity... 276-3 5.6.3.1 Limits of quantum gravity and ‘Unified Field Theories’ .......276-4

From Physics to Cosmological Crossroads and Back Assessed by Physics and Philosophy 6.1 FIRST: Reduction of Thermodynamics to Gravitation ...,... 277 6.1.1 Intergalactic voids rule 2 Expansions of the Universe....,..277 6.1.2 Gravitation as super-structuring of matter and All Life.....279 6.2 The Earliest Observational Evidence. .…...………...........279 6.2.1 Which space expands and which does not? …...….......... 282 6.3 Gravitation-Asymmetry Principle of Equivalence …….......284 6.4 Can Inter-cluster Voids Be Saturated with Radiation? .........287 6.5 Derivation of the Master Asymmetry from our Gravitational School of Intergalactic Voids v. life........ 290 6.6 Irreversibility in the New Gravitational. Cosmological Thermodynamics ………………................. 293 6.7 Origin of Dissipation in Newtonian Fluids ……..….......… 297 6.8 Terrestrial Thermodynamics ……………………..……..... 299 6.9 Connections with Classical and Continuum Thermodynamics …………………………..…..…........... 301 6.10 Electromagnetic Irreversibility v. Master Asymmetry..... 303

The Cosmological Base of Time Arrow 7.1 Time: The All-Embracing Concept …………………................. 309 7.2 Cosmological Origin of Time ……………………….................. 310 7.3 Cosmological Interpretations of Newton’s Laws of Motion …... 314 7.4 Gravitational Origin of Structure and Evolution .……................ 316 7.5 Gravitation and the Outflow of Energy Into Un-Saturable Space 322 7.6 Stellar Evolution …………………………………….................. 324 7.7 Terrestrial Evolution …………………………..............……...... 325

Black Holes v. Unattainable Theory of Everything 8.1 Introduction ………………………………………...… 330 25

8.2 Observational Evidence ………………………….….....331 8.3 Schwarzschild Solution and Black Holes …………...... 332 8.4 Black Holes Mechanics and Entropy ………………..... 340 8.5 Can Black Holes “Evaporate”? ……………………...... 341 8.6 Primordial Black Holes? …………………………........ 341 8.7 Back to the Melting Pot of Unification? …………........ 341

Beyond Present Knowledge 9.1 The Futile Quest for Final Answers …………………...... 349 9.2 An Example in Havaism ……………………..….........… 350 9.3 From Cosmology to Irreversible Structures and Memory 365 9.4 The Skeptic Outlook ……………………………..…...… 415

VOLUME II Introduction ……………………………………………................... 420 A Few Historical Remarks on Time, Mind and Symmetry ………... 437 The Philosophy of Time & Change: Some Historical Notions …………………….……………….…...... 455 Structuralism and the Divided American Thought: A Short Glossary of Terms ………………………………..……….. 467 Policy and Publicity: A Critique ………………………………….... 483 Thought-Provoking and Thought-Depressing Quotations ………..... 495 Critique of Western Methodology ………………………………. ... 530