Relational database guide

RELATIONAL DATABASE GUIDE Database Assignment Help

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Abstract This research work has been conducted in order to understand the concepts of relational databases and query optimization. Queries play a major role in database management system as we can find any relevant data from the system by just writing a query and hence writing complex and subqueries is a tedious job and not cost effective and hence, we have discussed the methods to optimize the querying process. We have covered all the major points and this research report will be very helpful for the database development and administrators to run the database in an efficient manner.

Introduction The Relational database management system (RDBMS) is the process to store, manage, optimize retrieve and access the data stored in the database. It consists of a group of tables in which each table is assigned a unique name. In the commercial data processing application, relational database model is used as the primary database model. The relational database management system is being used in various application and websites on both client and server side for data processing.

MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL server are the example of Relational Database Management System. The data and relation between them are organized or managed in tables in RDBMS. The place where a collection of various record and data are stored and organized in a database is called table. Each record contained in the database design table contains the same field. The relational database management system is the most significant platform for query solving and data management in the present computing field.

Figure 1 RDBMS

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Literature review The relational database design and management system has mainly three artifacts. These are: 

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Data Definition language (DDL): The Data definition language is used to modify create and remove the database and database objects. The common data definition language statement are CREATE, DROP and ALTER. When the table is created in the database, the DDL can modify the data by using ALTER command. If the table is no needed for long time the DROP command used to delete the table. The data definition language can also define each column name and data type associated with it. Some examples of DML statement is given below which is used to define the structure of the database: CREATE: CREATE is used to create the database objects. It is written as:

CREATE TABLE table_name ( Column_name data_type(size) ) 

ALTER: ALTER is used to alter (ADD OR DROP) database structure. It is written as:

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype (incase add database object) ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name (incase drop database object) 

DROP: DROP is used to delete the object stored in the database. It is written as:

DROP INDEX table_name. index_name 

RENAME: RENAME command is used to rename the object in the database. It is written as:

RENAME TABLE table_name TO new_table_name 

COMMENT: COMMENT is used to add comment to the data dictionary.

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TRUNCATE: TRUNCATE is used to remove all the records stored in the table. It is written as:

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name

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

Data Manipulation Language (DML): Data manipulation language is used in relational database design management system to retrieve, delete, modify and insert the information stored in the database. We are using various commands in the data manipulation, these are:

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SELECT: SELECT command is used in relational database management system to retrieve the specific information key from database. The Select command written as:

SELECT*FROM table_name 

INSERT: INSERT Command is used in the relational database management system to add records or data in the previously stored data or records. It is written as:

INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (‘data which is to be added’) 

UPDATE: The UPDATE command is used in the relational database design management system to modify the bulk or individual data or information store in the database table. It is written as:

UPDATE table_name SET column= value 

DELETE: The DELETE command is used to delete the data or information store in the database. It is written as:

DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE clause] 

    

Query Processor: Query Processor refers to terms by which the various query is executed, optimized etc. in the background of database. An inbuilt query processor engine is present in the MySQL and other RDBMS which allows the user to retrieve and extract the data or information from the entities and table of database by inputting the specified queries. It involves several process, like: Query execution Code generation Optimization Binding Cleanup

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Figure 2 query processor Query Optimization Query optimization is a process or function of the relational database management system (RDBMS). When we input any query the query optimizer execute the query in the most proficient way.

Users can not access the query optimizer directly. User first have to submit the query to the database server after that the parser parsed the submitted query and then the query finally passed to the query optimizer where the query optimization process occurs in the background of the database engine.

The main purpose of using query optimization is to find the efficient way to process the submitted query in shortest or minimal possible time.

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