BKkvXv 2021
aebmfØnse GI tkmjyenÃv amknI FUnt‰mdnb¬ t_m¿Uv tUm. sI. {ioIpam¿ s{]m^. Ipkpaw tPmk^v AUz. ]n. cPn\m¿°v sI. cm-Po-hv-Ip-am¿ C.sI. Znt\i≥ ]n.sI. cmP≥ Sn.]n. {io[c≥ hnPbcmLh≥ tNenb
temlym hnNmcthZn {]kn≤oIcWw
F-Un-t‰m-dn-b¬ -
Xm-en-_m-\n-kØ - n¬ \n-∂v a-\p-jy-tc-bpw a-Xt- Ø-bpw kw-kvI - m-ct- Ø-bpw B-cv c-£n-°pw? 3 kzmX-{¥y- k-ac- Ø - n\v XpS¿®-thWw 6 Fw.-F≥.-Im-ct- »cn Hcp ]pe-b≥kv tSÃv km[y-am-Iptam \ΩpsS hn]-Wn-bn¬? 12 e£van-{]` kvt\l-eX Im-º-bn≥: P-bv In-km≥
FUn‰¿ hnPbcmLh≥ tNenb vr.cheliya@gmail.com Ih¿ Unssk≥ & te Hu´v Fw at\mlc≥ B∏nƒ tSm°v Un Sn ]n : eo\ \mcmbW≥
_‘߃°v C sI {io\nhmk≥ (temlym hnNmcthZn kwÿm\ kanXn)
tIihw tNenb t]mÃv sImbnem≠n˛673306 Ph: 9446068843 sreenikesavam@gmail.com
dn-b-e≥-kn-s\ _-ln-jv-I-cn-°p-I: Km-‘n-b≥ I-e-Œo-hv km-ºØ - n-I kw-hc- W - h - m-ZØ - n-s‚ cm-jv{- So-b ]-›m-Øe - w A-\¥ - p-cm-Pva\p-jy≥ NqSm-°p∂ `qan AUz: hnt\mZv ]øS Izm-dn-hn-cp-≤ k-a-c-sØ kv-{Xo-Iƒ \-bn-°p-tºmƒ _¬-In-kv _m-\p hm-cn-b≥-Ip-∂-\pw a-X-]-cn-h¿-Ø-\-hpw tUm.Fw. Kw-Km-[-c≥ tIm¨-{K-t -Xc- X - z-hpw P-\m-[n-]X - y- C¥ybpw s{]m-^. kp-_o¿ kn≥-l tIm-hn-Uv Im-es- Ø km-[m-cW - ° - m-cs- ‚ Po-hn-Xw k-\o-jv ]-\ß - m-Sv
13 14 16 18 20 22 26
Hm¿-Ω: sK-bv¬ Hmw-sh-Zv-Xv -
C-¥y-bp-sS km-aq-ln-I bm-Ym¿-Yy-ß-sf Xn-cn-®-dn-™ s^-an-\n-Ãv in-h-cm-a-`m-c-Xn: hnπhImcnbmb tkm-jy-en-Ãv A-Uz. ]n. d-Pn-\m¿-°v
27 28
Im-º-bn≥: F≥-tUmkƒ-^m≥
A-c-Po-hn-X-߃-°pw th-t≠ km¿ Po-hn-Xw? Fw.-F.-dl - va- m≥ Xm-en-_m≥ a-\p-jy-cm-in-°pw C-…m-an-\p-Xs- ∂-bpw `o-jW - n C-¥y≥ ap-…nw t^m¿ sk-°p-e¿ sU-tam-{I-kn {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂ te-J-\-߃ ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw A-¥¿-[m-cb - p-sS A-`n-{]m-bß - f - m-IW - s - a-∂n-√.˛-FU - n-‰¿
30
32
Im-º-bn≥
Xp-jm-cK - n-cn A-\ym-[o-\s- ∏-Sc- p-Xv
hnNmcthZn 2 temlym A¥¿[mc kwÿm\ kanXn°v th≠n {]knU‚ v AUz. Fkv.cmPtiJc≥ ({io \ntIX≥, NnddmewtImSv, IpS∏\°p∂v.]n.H., Xncph\¥]pcw, 695043) A®Sn®p {]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xv. t^m¨: 9447034808
34
F-Un-t‰m-dn-b¬ -
Xm-en-_m-\n-k-Øn¬ \n-∂v a-\p-jy-tc-bpw a-X-tØ-bpw kw-kv-Im-c-tØ-bpw B-cv c-£n-°pw? - ^v-Km-\n-ÿm-\n-se sX-cp-hpI-fn¬ \n-∂p-b-cp-∂ \n-e-hnfn-Iƒ tem-I-sØ-ºm-Sp-ap≈ a-\p-jy-kv-t\-ln-I-sf Hs´m-∂p-a-√ A-kz-ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xv. Po-h-\pth≠n bm-Nn-°p-∂ \n- -lm-b-cm-b kv-{Xo-I-sf tXm-t°-¥n-b `o-I-c¿ ]-I¬ sh-fn-®-Øn¬ ]-c-ky-am-bn sh-Sn-sh-®p sIm-√p-∂p. ]n-S-™p ho-gp-∂ C-c-bpw A-´-l-kn-°p-∂ th-´-°m-c\pw D-®-cn-°p-∂-Xv H-tc ssZ-h-\m-aw. Xm-en-_m-s\-∂ hm-°n-s‚ D-¤-hw A-dnhp tX-Sp-∂-h≥ A-Y-hm hn-Zym¿-Yn F-∂m-Wt{X! A-h¿ sIm-√p-∂-tX-sd-bpw A-dn-hp t\Sp-∂ s]¨-Ip-´n-Is - f-bpw! "No-\b - n¬ t]m-bpw A-dn-hp t\-Sp-I' F-∂p-]-tZ-in-® H-cp {]-hmN-I-s‚ ]n≥-ap-d-°m-sc-∂m-Wv Cu {]m-Ir-Xcpw A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Xm-en-_m-t\-°mƒ Iq-Sp-X¬ C-…m-an-Iam-sW-∂-h-Im-i-s∏-´v ]-Xn-∑-S-ßv {Iq-c-X-bpam-bn C-…m-an-Iv kv-t‰-‰v Iq-sS cw-K-Øp h-∂ncn-°p-∂p. Po-h≥ c-£n-°m≥ th-≠n ]-emb-\w sN-øp-∂ \n- -lm-b-cm-b a-\p-jy-sc-bmW-h¿ C-c-bm-°p-∂-Xv. X-߃ sN-øp-∂-Xv al-Øm-b Im-cy-am-sW-∂v A-h-cpw {]-hm-N-Is\ ]n-Sn-®v B-W-bn-Sp-∂p. a-Xm-‘-X ]-c-Øp∂ C-°q-´¿-°n-S-bn¬ C-…m-an-s\ im-¥n-bmbpw k-am-[m-\-am-bpw ]m-en-®p t]m-cp-∂ hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS ssk-z-cyPo-hn-X-am-Wv C-cp-≠pt]m-Ip-∂-Xv. a-Xm-‘¿ a-’-cn-®v tNm-c-°-f-am-°n-b CtX a-Æn¬ \n-∂m-bn-cp-∂p kq-^n-k-Øn-s‚ im-¥n-kw-Ko-Xw \n-em-hp-t]m-se ]-c-s∂m-gpIn-b-Xv. tem-tIm-Ø-c-am-b hm-kv-Xp-in¬-] amXr-I-I-fpw, ayq-d¬ s]-bn‚nw-Kpw, ssh-hn-[yam¿-∂ A-t\-Iw kw-Ko-tXm-]-I-c-W-ß-fpw kmw-kv-Im-cn-I tem-I-Øn-\v kw-`m-h-\ sNbv-X a-Æm-Wv A-^v-Km≥. P-em-ep-±o≥ dq-ansb t]m-ep-≈ I-hn-Iƒ-°p P-∑w \¬-In-b \m-Sm-W-Xv. C-∂v ]-{X-{]-h¿-Ø-I-cpw I-emIm-c-∑m-cpw kw-Ko-X-⁄-cpw \-S-∑m-cpw hnZym-k-º-∂-cm-b kv-{Xo-I-fpw Xn-c-™p ]n-Sn®v sIm-√-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ H-cp Im-cyw hy-‡-am-
A
A¥¿[m-c
3
Ip-∂p, G-sXm-cp kw-kv-Ir-Xn-°pw H-cp Xn-cn-®p-\-S-Øw km-≤y-am-Wv. As√-¶n¬ _p-≤-s‚-bpw, skm-cm-{„-cp-tS-bpw, kq-^n-k-Øn-t‚-bpw sh-fn®w ]-c-∂ a-Æn¬ C-{X-tØm-fw sh-dp-∏pw ]-I-bpw hn-f-bn-s®-Sp-°m-\mIp-tam? B-flm-`n-am-\-ap-≈ G-sXm-cp P-\-X-bpw A-[n-\n-th-i-sØ s]m-dp-∏n°n-√. ]n-s∂ c-W-iq-c-cm-b, tKm-{X-kv-ar-Xn-Iƒ am-™p-t]m-bn-´n-√m-Ø A^v-Km-\n-I-fp-sS Im-cyw ]-d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. F-∂n-´pw ]n-g-®p t]m-Ip-∂ps≠-¶n¬ A-Xv A-[n-\n-th-iw F-¥m-sW-∂v Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-\p-≈ P-\m-[n-]Xycm-{„o-b X-Xz-Nn-¥-bp-sS A-`m-hw sIm-≠m-Wv. ssh-tZ-in-I i-‡n-I-fm-b-Xn-\m¬ d-jy-bp-tS-bpw A-ta-cn-°-bp-tS-bpw A-[n-\n-th-i-sØ A-h¿ {]-Xy-£-am-bn X-s∂ Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-I-bpw sN-dp°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p-≠v. Cu km-l-N-cy-sØ ap-X-se-Sp-Øm-Wv Xm-en-_m≥ a-X-tØ-bpw -k-¶p-Nn-X tZ-io-b-X-tb-bpw ]-c-kv-]-cw tN¿-Øv A-[n-\n-thi hn-cp-≤-sc-∂ `m-h-Øn¬ cw-Kw I-ø-S-°n-b-Xv. d-jy-bp-tS-bpw A-ta-cn-°-bp-tS-bpw ]m-h-I-fm-bn am-dn-b X-t±-io-b cm{„o-b t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-s\-Xn-sc P-\-hn-Im-cw h-f¿-Øn-sb-Sp-°m-\pw, X-߃°v A-\p-Iq-e-am-°m-\pw Xm-en-_m-\v H-cp ]-cn-[n-h-sc km-[n-®n-´p-ap-≠v. Xm-en-_m-\m-I-s´ X-\n-sb s]m-´n-ap-f-®-X-√. A-h-sc kr-„n-®-Xn-epw h-f¿Øn-b-Xn-epw ]m-›m-Xy i-‡n-Iƒ-°pw H-cp ]-¶p-≠v. C-∂-Xv A-h-sc Xs∂ Xn-cn-®psIm-Øp-∂p F-t∂-bp-≈q. C-¥y-bp-sS tZ-io-b {]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ N-cn-{Xw Hm¿-t°-≠ k-a-b-amWn-Xv. ]-sØm-º-Xmw \q-‰m-≠n¬ X-s∂ A-[n-\n-th-i i-‡n-Iƒ-s°-Xnsc C-hn-sS {]-Xn-tj-[w cq-]-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. A-[n-Im-c {`-„-cm-b \m-´p-cm-Pm°-fpw D-∂-X-Ip-e-Pm-X-cp-a-S-ßp-∂ h-tc-Wy hn-`m-K-Øn¬ s]-´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p {]-Xn-tj-[-°m-cn¬ G-sd-bpw. tIm¨-{K- v cq-]o-I-cn-°-s∏-´ ti-jhpw k-h¿-W-cpw hn-Zym-k-º-∂-cp-am-b h-tc-Wy¿ X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p t\Xr-Xzw. Km-‘n-bp-sS cw-K-{]-th-i-tØm-sS-bm-Wv A-[n-\n-th-i hn-cp-≤ {]ÿm-\w _-lp-kz-c tZ-io-b {]-ÿm-\-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. N-ºm-c-\n¬ \n∂m-W-Xn-\v Xp-S-°w. Ir-jn-°m¿, sXm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ, Io-gm-f-sc-∂v am-‰n \n¿Ø-s∏-´-h¿, ap-…n-߃, kv-{Xo-Iƒ F-∂n-h¿-°v \o-Xn e-`n-°p-tºm-tg kzmX-{¥yw A¿-Y-h-Øm-Iq F-∂ Km-‘n-bp-sS imTy-߃ k-¶p-Nn-X tZ-iob hm-Zn-I-tf-bpw a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-sf-bpw Zp¿-_-e-cm-°p-I-bpw en-_-d¬ P-\m-[n-]-Xy aq-ey-߃ tZ-io-b {]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ hn-izm-k {]-am-W-ßfm-°n am-‰p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. k-h¿-°-dpw a-‰pw hn-`m-h-\w sN-bv-X ln-μp-cm{„ hm-Zw Zp¿-_-e-s∏-´p t]m-b-Xn¬ Km-‘n-°p-≈ ]-¶v Xn-cn-®-dn-™m-Wv ln-μp-Xz hm-Zn-Iƒ A-t±-l-sØ i-{Xp-hm-°n-b-Xv. B ]-I Km-‘n-sb sIm∂n-´pw A-h¿-°v A-S-ßn-bn-´p-an-√. \n¿-`m-Ky-h-im¬ A-^v-Km-\n¬ H-cp Km-‘n-bp-≠m-bn-√. P-\m-[n-]-Xy {]-ÿm-\-ß-fm-I-s´ a-c-hn-∏n-em-Wv. ssh-tZ-in-I A-[n-\n-th-i-tØm-Sp-≈ {]-Xn-tj-[ hn-Im-c-ß-sf {]-Xn-\n-[m-\w sN-øm≥ Xm-en-_m-\v A-h-k-csam-cp-ßn-b-Xv A-ß-s\-bm-Wv. A-h¿-°p X-S- -am-Ip-∂-Xv tKm-{X kw-L¿j-ß-fpw, kmw-kv-Im-cn-I ss]-Xr-I-ß-fpw am-{Xw. A-Xn-\m-em-Wv `o-Xn hf¿-Øn-bpw A-\y-a-X-hn-tZz-jw P-\n-∏n-®pw P-\-ß-sf D-∑m-Zn-I-fm-°p-∂-Xv. \n- -lm-b-\m-b H-cm-sf h-f-™n-´p X-√n-s°m-√p-tºmƒ (C-¥y-bn¬ tKmamw-k-Øn-s‚ t]-cn¬ ]-e X-h-W B-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xv \mw I-≠p) I≠p\n¬-°p-∂-h¿ I-ø-Sn-°p-∂-Xpw, tI-´-h¿ tkm-jy¬ ao-Un-b-bn¬ BtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xpw \ym-bo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xpw D-∑m-Z-Øn-s‚ e-£-W-am-Wv. al-Øm-b B-Z¿-i-sØ ]n≥-]-‰p-I-bm-Wv X-߃ F-∂v Cu at\mtcm-Kn-
4 A¥¿[m-c
Iƒ -kz-bw hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p. C-Ø-cw \n-jvTq-c-X-I-sf km-am-\y-am-bn X≈n-∏-d-bp-I-bpw, X-ß-fp-sS a-X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fpw {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-ß-fpw lnwk-bp-sS h-gn \n-cm-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v D-≤-c-Wn-Iƒ \n-c-Øn hm-Zn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂-h¿, a-‰p-≈-h-cpw sN-øp-∂n-t√ F-∂ k-ao-I-c-W-Øn-eq-sS sN-bvXn-I-sf e-fn-X-h-Xv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw lnw-k-bn¬ Kq-V-am-bn B-\-μn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p-≠v. C-Ø-cw \n-e-]m-Sp-≈-h-sc Iq-Sp-X¬ t]-Sn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Ah¿ Ip-‰-hm-fn-Iƒ-°v kz-bw \ym-bo-I-cn-°m-\pw sX-‰v B-h¿-Øn-°m-\p-ap≈ hym-P [m¿-Ωn-I-X ]-I¿-∂p \¬-Ip-∂p. a-X-ß-fpw cm-{„o-b {]-ÿm-\-ß-fpw P-\m-[n-]-Xy-h-Xv-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Iam-{X-am-Wv C-cp-fn¬ \n-∂v c-£-s∏-Sm-\p-≈ G-I h-gn. A-Xn-\p X-S- -ambn \n¬-°p-∂ L-S-I-ß-sf am-‰m-\pw kz-bw-]-cn-jv-I-cn-°m-\p-ap-≈ B-¥cn-I ti-jn, Du¿-÷w a-X-߃ ssI-h-cn-°-Ww. cm-{„o-b {]-ÿm-\-߃°v Cu ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\w A-km-≤y-a-s√-∂-Xn-s‚ sX-fn-hp-Iƒ \-ap-°p Np-‰pap-≠v. I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãp-I-fn¬ km-bp-[-hn-π-h-]m-X-bpw G-I I-£n `-c-W-hpw tI-{μo-Ir-X P-\m-[n-]-Xy kw-hn-[m-\-hpw, A-]-Iz-hpw A-]-cn-jv-Ir-X-hpw P-\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-cp-≤-hp-am-sW-∂v C-cp-]-Xmw \q-‰m-≠n-s‚ Xp-S-°-Øn-te Nn¥n-® am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv ssk-≤m-¥n-I¿ D-≠m-b-X-ß-s\-bm-Wv. bq-tdm-∏n-se G-Xm-≠v F-√m I-ayq-Wn-Ãv ]m¿-´n-I-fpw C-Xn-\-Iw X-s∂ tkm-jy¬ Utam-{I-kn-bm-bn ]-cn-W-an-®n-´p-ap-≠v. F-∂m¬ a-X-ß-sf, F-√m ]-cn-jv-I-cW-ß-tf-bpw hn-Im-k-tØ-bpw D-t]-£n-®v A-h ]n-d-∂ Im-e-tØ-°v ]n-Sn®p h-en-°m-\p-≈ {i-aw \-S-°p-∂p. C-Xp-≠m-°p-∂ kw-L¿-j-߃-°n-Sbn-eq-sS-bm-Wv ]-´m-f-®n-´-bp-≈ kw-L-S-\-Iƒ i-‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv. cm-{„o-bm[n-Im-c-Øn-te-°p-≈ k-©m-cw a-X-ß-sf [m¿-Ωn-I-am-bn A-[:]-Xn-∏n-°pI Iq-Sn sN-øp-∂p. an-Øp-I-fn-epw N-cn-{X-ß-fn-ep-ap-≈ ]-I-bp-tS-bpw shdp-∏n-s‚-bpw I-Y-Iƒ Nn-I-s™-Sp-Øp Xm-Xv-]-cy-Øn-\-\p-k-cn-®v h-f-s®mSn-®v D-]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. _m-_-dn ]-≈n X-I¿-Ø-Xp sIm-≠p-≠m-b D∑m-Zw G-Xm-≠-h-km-\n-®p. ]p-Xn-b D-∑m-Z-ß-sf kr-„n-°m-\p-≈ Zp-„-em°m-Wv B-K-Ãv 15 t]m-se 14 Dw {]-[m-\-am-sW-∂pw, B Iq-´-°p-cp-Xn-sb a-d-°-cp-Xv, F-s∂m-s°-bp-≈ {]-[m-\-a-{¥n-bp-sS P¬-∏-\-߃. A-∂-sØ c-‡-s®m-cn-®n-en-\v ln-μp-hpw ap-…n-apw H-tc t]m-se D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p-sh-∂ N-cn-{X bm-Ym¿-Yyw {]-[m-\-a-{¥n a-d-®p-sh-°p-∂p. kzm-X-{¥ysØ Ip-dn-®v, A-Xn-\p th-≠n \-S-Øn-b sF-Xn-lm-kn-I-am-b t]m-cm-´-sØ Ip-dn-®v Pm-fy-X-tbm-sS-b-√m-sX k-h¿-°-dp-tS-bpw kw-L-]-cn-hm-dn-t‚-bpw A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ-°v ]-d-bm-\m-hn-√. ]-t£ hn-`-P-\-Øn-s‚ tNm-c-s®m-cn-®nen¬ A-h-cp-sS ]-¶p h-ep-Xm-Wv. C-c-bp-sS `m-h-Øn-ep-≈ {]-[m-\-a-{¥nbp-sS A-`n-\-bw ]-cn-lm-ky-hpw N-cn-{X \n-tj-[-hp-am-Wv. A-^v-Km-\n¬ _p-≤-{]-Xn-a-Iƒ X-I¿-Ø-Xpw, Xp¿-°n-bn-se lm-Kn-bmtkm-^n-b I-ø-S-°n-b-Xpw ssZ-h \n-›-b-am-sW-∂m-Wv Xo-{h C-…m-an-I kw-L-S-\-Iƒ hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-sX-∂-Xpw C-tXm-sSm-∏w tN¿-Øp hm-bn°Ww. a-X-߃-°p-≈n¬ D-Xv-]-Xn-jv-Wp-°-fm-b hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS en-_-d¬ t\-Xr-Xzw D-≠m-th-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ln-μp-hn¬ H-cp Km-‘n-bpw, C-…m-an¬ H-cp Jm≥ A-–pƒ Km-^¿-Jm\pw km-≤y-am-sW-∂-Xp t]m-se H-cp k-h¿-°¿-°pw Pn-∂-bv-°pw C-S-aps≠-∂v Iq-Sn \mw A-dn-b-Ww. \n-Xm-¥ P-\m-[n-]-Xy Pm-{K-X sIm-t≠ Xm-en-_m-\n-k-sØ, A-Xv G-Xv a-X-Øn-s‚ t]-cn-em-bm-epw X-S-bm-\m-hq F-∂p Iq-sS \-Ωƒ Xn-cn-®-dn-b-Ww.
A¥¿[m-c
5
F≥ F ]n Fw Im-º-bn≥
kzmX-{¥yk-a-c-Øn\v XpS¿®-thWw
Fw.-F≥.-Im-c-t»cn
100 sIm√w BIp-tºmƒ H∂mw kzmX-{¥yk-a-c-sa∂v \Ωfpw, in∏mbn elf F∂v {_n´o-jvImcpw hnfn-°p∂ Hcp kacw D≠mIp∂p. IrXy-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ tZiob kzmX-{¥y-k-acw F∂Xv tIm¨{K ns‚ t\Xr- X z- Ø n¬ \S- ° p- ∂ - X m- W v . AXn¬ {][m-\s∏´ t\XrXzw Km‘n-°m-Wv. At±lw Z£n-Wm-{^n-°-bn¬ \n∂v 1915 ¬ aS-ßn-sb-Øn. Fs‚ IW-°n\v aq∂v h¿jß-fmWv G‰hpw {][m-\s∏´ ka-c-ß-fp-ambn tN¿Øp ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xv. H∂v 1920, c≠v 1930, aq∂v 1942. 1920¬ \n -l-I-cW {]ÿm\w, 1930¬ D∏p-k-Xym-{Klw, 1942¬ Izn‰v C¥ym
¥mWv BKkvXv 9s‚ hntijw? BKkvXv 9 \v BW Izn‰vC¥ym {]ÿm \w Bcw-`n-®X - v. Izn‰v C¥y˛C¥y hnSp-I. 190 sIm√w ]g-°-ap≠mbn-cp∂p, {_n´s‚ C¥y-bnse tImf\n hmgvNbv°v. 1757 ¬ πmkn bp≤-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Ah-cn-hnsS Imep-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. B bp≤hnPb- a mWv Ah¿°v A[n- \ n- t h- i - Ø n- \ p≈ kuIcyw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-ØX - v. 1947 ¬, AXv Ah-km-\n-®p. CXn-\n- BkmZn @ 75 : tZiob Imº-bn-\n\p XpS°w Sbv°v 1857 ¬, IrXyw ]d-™m¬
F
6 A¥¿[m-c
{]ÿm-\w. CXn¬ Izn‰v C¥ym-{]-ÿm-\sØ ]‰n a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ c≠v Imcy- ß ƒ Ccn- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v . AXn- s em∂v H∂mw-tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤-am-Wv. 1914 sXm´v 1918 hsc. A°m-eØv AXns\ hnfn-®n-cp-∂Xv alm-bp-≤-sa-∂m-Wv. H∂mw temI-a-lm-bp≤w Fs∂m-∂n-√, The great war, A∂v ]d-™Xv F√m bp≤-ßfpw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m-\p≈ bp≤w F∂m- W v . ]ns∂ 1939 ¬ c≠mw temI-almbp≤w XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ AXn\v Hcp t]cv th≠n h∂p. AXns\ H∂mw temI- a - l m- b p- ≤ - s a∂pw CXns\ c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-sa∂pw hnfn-®p. 1914˛18 ImesØ tIm¨{K- v, F∂p ]d™m¬ kmam-\y-ambn {_n´s‚ A\p-Iq-en-
t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬. AXns‚ t]cmWv {In]vkv anj≥. bp≤w Ign- ™ m¬ kºq¿Æ kzmX{¥yw thWw F∂-XmWv C¥y Bhiy-s∏´ Hcp Imcyw. AXv hm°p-X-∂m¬ am{Xta kl- I - c n- ° m≥ ]‰p- I - b p- ≈ q. kºq¿Æ kzmX{¥yw, ]q¿Æ kzcmPv sImSp-°m≥ Ign-bn√, Hcp sUman-\n-b≥ ]Zhn ˛]p{XnIm ]Zhn Xcmw. Nne Imcyßfn¬ kzbw-`-cWw D≠mhpw Nne Imcyß-fn¬ D≠m-hn√ Aß-s\. AXv kΩ-X-a√ F∂v ]d™v {In]vkv ZuXyw ]cm-P-b-s∏-´tXmSp IqSn-bmWv {_n´s\ C\n bp≤-Øn¬ klm- b n- t °- ≠ - X n√ Fs∂mcp \ne- ] mSv \ΩpsS tZiob t\Xm-°-∑m¿ FSp-°p-∂-Xv. Aß-s\-bmWv Izn‰v C¥ym {]ÿm\w Bcw`n-°p-∂-Xv. AXv 1942 BKkvXv 9 \v BWv
I-fm-Wv. {_n´s\ ]tcm-£-ambn klm-bn-°pI-bmWv Ah¿ sNbvX-Xv. 1939 ¬ c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp≤w \S-°p∂ ka-bØv C¥y bp≤-Øn-emWv F∂v ssht{kmbn Aßv {]Jym- ] n- ° p- I - b mbn- c p∂p. AXv ]s£ C¥y- ° m¿ kΩ- X n- ® n- √ . AXns‚ ]›mØew ]d- b p- I - b m- s W- ¶ n¬ Hcp `mKØv P¿Ω-\n, C‰-en, P∏m≥ adp-`m-KØv Ata-cn°, {_n´≥ Chcv XΩn-emWv bp≤w. {_n´≥ bp≤-Øn-em-Wv, AXp-sIm≠v {_n´s‚ tImf\n-bmb C¥ybpw bp≤-Øn-emWv F∂mWv {_n´o-jp-Im¿ k¶-¬]n-®-Xv. AXv ]‰n-√m, C¥y AXns\ klm- b n- ° p- I tbm bp≤tØmSv kl-I-cn-°p-Itbm sNøn√ F∂p ]d-™-t∏mƒ Hcp ZuXy-kw-LsØ Ab°p-∂p-≠v. {In]vkv Fs∂mcp kmbn-∏ns‚
XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. BKkvXv 8˛mw XnøXn Km‘nbm-Wv t_mws_-bn¬ B ap{Zm-hmIyw AhX-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. BKkvXv 9 \v cmhnse Xs∂ Km‘nsbbpw s\lvdp-hn-s\bpw AdÃv sNbvXp. CXn¬ {i≤n-t°≠ Hcp Imcyw lnμp-a-lmk` CXn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-´n-√ F∂-Xm-Wv. A∂Xns‚ t\Xmhv hn.- U n.- k - h ¿°¿ BWv . ]ns∂ Bƒ C¥ym ap…ow-eoKv CXn¬ ]s¶Sp-Øn-´n-√. AXns‚ t\Xmhv apl-Ω-Z-en-Pn∂-bm-Wv. thsdmcp kwKXn Chn-SpsØ ]e\m-´p-cm-Py-ßfpw {_n´s‚ `mKØv \n¬°pI- b mWv sNbv X - X v . Izn‰n¥ym {]ÿm- \ tØmSv kl-I-cn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Hcp L´w Ign- ™ - t ∏mƒ P¿Ω\n djysb B{I-an-®-t∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bp-sSbpw
A¥¿[m-c
7
{_n´-s‚bpw {^m≥kn-s‚bpw `mKØv djy tN¿∂p. At∏mƒ ^mkn-k-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn t]mcm-Sp∂ {_n´s\ Cu ka-bØv Hcp ka-cØ - n-eqsS Zp¿_-es - ∏-Sp-Øn-°qS F∂v \ne-]m-sS-SpØv C¥ybnse IΩyqWnÃpImcpw Izn‰v C¥ym {]ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØn-´n-√. lnμp-a-lm-k-`bpw ap…ow-eoKpw {_n´s\ klm-bn-°m\mWv B \ne-]m-sS-Sp-Ø-Xv. IΩyq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿ B A¿∞-Øne√ \ne-]m-sS-Sp-Ø-Xv. Ah-cpsS \ne-]m-Sv X¬°mew ln‰vesdbpw aptkm-fn-\n-sbbpw tXmev]n-°m≥ th≠n djy-bp≤w sNøp- t ºmƒ B djy {_n´s‚ AWn- b n- e m- b - X p- s Im≠v {_n´s‚ i‡n £bn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]Wn \Ωƒ FSp-°m≥ ]mSn√ F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ tIm¨{K- p-Im¿ H‰-°mtWm CXv sNbvXXv? A√ A∂v CXn¬ {][m-\-s∏´ Hcp Iq´¿ tkmjy-enÃvImcm-Wv. AXns‚ ap≥\n-c-bn¬ s]mcp-Xp∂ Hcp Bƒ cmwa-t\m-l¿ temly-bm-Wv. thsdm-cmƒ Pb-{]-Imiv \mcmb-W-\m-Wv. thsdm-cmƒ ANypXv ]Svh¿≤-\m-Wv. AcpW Bk^-en, a[p-en-am-sb, Aßs\ Hcp-]mSv t\Xm-°-∑m-cp-≠v. A∂v t_mws_ tab-dm-bn-cp∂ bqk^v sal-d-en-bmWv "Izn‰v C¥y' F∂ ap{Zm-hmIyw Xs∂ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Izn‰v C¥y Fs∂mcp ap{Zm-hmIyw Km‘n-bmWv D≠m-°n-bXv F∂mWv ]e-cpsSbpw sX‰n-≤m-c-W. Km‘n Aßs\ Cw•o-jn¬ Hcp ap{Zm-hmIyw D≠m-°m≥ _p≤n-ap-´m-Wv. kXym-{Klw Fs∂ms°bp≈ hm°p≠m-°p∂ BfmWv Km‘n. At±lw A∂v B ap{Zm-hmIyw kzoI-cn-®p. At±lw A∂v as‰mcp ap{Zm-hmIyw IqSn apt∂m´p sh®p. {]h¿Øn-°pI As√-¶n¬ acn-°pI˛do or die. CXv Ahkm-\sØ t]mcm-´-am-Wv. A∂v Km‘n am{X-a√ AdÃp sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, IkvXq¿_mKm‘n AdÃp sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. c≠v sIm√w Ign™v 1944 ¬ XS-hn¬ InS-∂mWv IkvXq¿_ acn-®p-t]m-b-Xv. Km‘n°v Hcp]t£ a°-sf-°mƒ {]nb-s∏´ sk{I-´dn alm-tZhv tZimbv ˛ At±lw Cu ImeØv AdÃv sNø-s∏´v Pbn-en¬ InS∂v acn°p∂ Hcm-fm-Wv. KpP-dm-Øn-bmWv alm-tZhv tZim-bn. Km‘n°v A{X {]nb-s∏´ Bfm-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ Km‘n°v B ka-cØn¬ Xs‚ G‰hpw {]nb-s∏´ c≠p-t]¿ \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Ncn-{X-Im-c≥am¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv Cu c≠v ac-W-Øn¬ am{Xta Km‘n-bpsS IÆp \nd-™n-´p≈q F∂m-Wv. BZyw alm-tZhv tZim-bn-bmWv acn-°p-∂Xv ]ns∂ IkvXq¿_. tkmjy-en-Ãp-Im¿ A\-h[n Imew tIm¨{K- ns‚ IqsSbm-bn-cp-∂p. dmwa-t\m-l¿ temly AXnse G‰hpw henb XmXznIm-Nm-cy≥, At±lw tIm¨{K v hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv 1948 am¿®nemWv, Km‘n acn®v c≠v amkw Ign-™n-´m-Wv. t\csØ tIm¨{Kkv tkmjy-enÃv ]m¿´n tIm¨{K- n-\-IØp Xs∂bm-Wv. \Ωƒ Hm¿t°≠ Hcp Imcy-ap-≠v. t\XmPn kp`mjv N{μ-t_mkv Cu ka-bØv P¿Ω-\n-bp-sSbpw C‰-en-bp-sSbpw P∏m-s‚bpw IqsS \n∂v t]mcm-Sp∂ Hcm-fm-Wv. C¥y≥ \mjW¬ B¿an P∏m-s‚bpw P¿Ω-\n-bp-sSbpw C‰-en-bp-sSbpw klm-b-tØmsS {_n´-s\-Xnsc t]mcm-Sp∂ Hcp kwL-S-\-bmWv, Hcp ssk\y-am-W-Xv. Aßs\ A¥-am≥\n-t°m-_m¿ Zzo]p-Iƒ A∂v tamNn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. t\XmPn ssaXm≥ Fs∂mcp ssaXm-\-ap-≠v. AhnsS At±lw tZiob ]XmI Db¿Øp-∂p≠v. hfsc Ipd®v ka-b-tØ-°mWv. AXv Ign™v P∏m≥
8 A¥¿[m-c
tXm‰p. c≠mw temI-bp-≤-Øn¬ P¿Ω\nbpw C‰enbpw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ln‰ve¿, ]cm-Pbw G‰p-hm-tß≠n hcpw F∂ L´-sa-Øn-bt∏mƒ Bfl-lXy sNbvXp. apt m-fn-\nsb Ahn-SpsØ P\-߃ X√n-s°m∂v sI´n-Øq°n. CsXm-s°-bm-bn´pw P∏m≥ ]nSn-®p-\n-∂p. Ah¿ ]cm-Pbw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Iq´m-°n-bn√. Aß- s \- b mWv a\p- j y- N - c n- { X- Ø nse G‰hpw `oI- c - a mb kw`hw \S- ° p- ∂ Xv BKkvXv 6˛mw XnøXn lntcm-jn-a-bnepw BKkvXv 9˛mw XnøXn \mK-km-°n-bnepw
cmwa-t\m-l¿ temly-
{X-Ønse hfsc {][m-\-s∏´ Hc-[ym-b-amWv Izn‰v C¥y F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. AXn¬ \Ωƒ H∂p-IqSn Hm¿t°-≠-Xp-≠v. \ΩpsS kzmX{¥y-k-acNcn-{X-Øn¬ G‰-hp-a-[nIw A{Iaw \S-∂Xv Cu {]ÿm-\-Im-e-Øm-Wv. A\-h[n sdbn¬th tÃj- \ p- I ƒ B{I- a n- ° - s ∏- ´ p. sdbn¬th ]mf-߃ XI¿°-s∏-´p. k¿°m¿ Hm^o-kp-Iƒ A{I-an-°-s∏-´p. t]mÃm-^o-kpIƒ A\-h[n ÿe-ß-fn¬ A·n-°n-c-bmbn. AXn¬ tIc- f - Ø n¬ \S∂ Hcp kw`hw Rm≥ ]d-bmw. 42 \hw-_-dn-em-WXv D≠m-bXv Iog-cn-bq¿ t_mw_v tIkv. Iog-cn-bq¿ F∂Xv
Pb-{]-Imiv \mcm-b-W-≥
Ata-cn° AWp-t_mw-_n-Sp-I-bm-Wv. AXn\p- a p≥t]m, ]n≥t]m a\p- j y¿ AWpt_mw_v kvt^mS-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-cm-bn-´n-√. Hcp dnt∏m¿´n¬ hmbn-®Xv Hcp an\n-´p-sIm≠v ap∏-Xn-\-bncw Bfp-Iƒ acn-®p-t]mbn F∂mWv. Cu c≠v t_mw_v kv^mS-\-ß-fn¬ e£-°-W-°n\v Bfp-Iƒ acn®p F∂v ]dbp-∂p. AXns‚ AWp-{]-k-c-Øn¬s∏´v ssIøn-√m-sXbpw Imen-√m-sXbpw IÆp-ImWm-sXbpw N¿Ω-tcm-K-ß-fn¬s∏´pw Ip™p߃ Ct∏mgpw lntcm-jn-ab - nepw \mK-km-°nbnepw ]cn-k-cØpw P\n-°p-∂p-≠v. `oI-c-amsbmcp kw`-h-amWv \S-∂-Xv. 45 ¬ c≠mw temI-bp≤w Ah-km-\n-®p. AXv Ign™v {_n´-\n¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ hcp-∂Xv C¥ytbmSv henb A\p-`m-h-ap≈ te_¿ ]m¿´nbm-Wv. B te_¿ ]m¿´n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-ØnemWv ]n∂oSv 47 ¬ C¥y kzmX{¥yw t\Sp∂-Xv. \ΩpsS tZiob kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-N-cn-
bqk^v sal-d-en
sImbn-em-≠n°v ASp-Øp≈ Hcp ÿe-amWv. ^tdm°v ]me-Øn\v t_mw_v sh°m\p≈ Hcp KqVmtemN\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXnse {][m-\-s∏´ Hcp {]Xn tUm.-sI.-_n.-ta-t\m\m-Wv. hntZ-i-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ ]Tn®v tUmIvStd-s‰ms° t\Snb henb tkmjy-en-Ãm-Wv tUm.-sI.-_n.-ta-t\m≥. Hcp L´-Øn¬ kzmX{¥y-Øn\p apºp≈ CS-°me a{¥n-k-`-bnte°v s\lvdp At±-lsØ £Wn-®-XmWv. At±lw ]n∂oSv Fw.-]n.-sbms° BIp-∂p≠v. XrØm-e-bn-emWv sI.-_n.-ta-t\m≥ acn®-Xv. At±-l-am-bn-cp∂p apJy-{]-Xn. Aßs\ A\-h[n Bfp-I-fp-≠v. tZiob kzmX-{¥yk- a c Ncn- { X- Ø n¬ A{Iaw F√m kabØpw D≠m-bn-´n√. Km‘nbpw s\lvdphpw Xe-∏Øv D≠m-bn-´p-t]mepw. Km‘n Pbn-enemWv s\lvdp Pbn-em-Wv. tIm¨{K- p-Im¿ D≠m-bn´pw A{I-a-߃ \S-∂p, lnwk \S∂p. Izn‰v C¥ym aqhvsa‚m-Wv, C\n tImf-
A¥¿[m-c
9
\n-hm-gvN°v ]nSn®p \n¬°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bn√ F∂ A¥na imk\w {_n´o-jp-Im¿°v sImSp-Ø-Xv. AXm-W-Xns‚ {]m[m\yw. C∂v \Ωfo Ncn-{X-sams° Hm¿°p-∂Xv F¥n-\mWv? kzmX{¥y-Øn\p tijw \Ω-sfmcp dn∏-ªn°mbn. Hcp atX-Xc P\m[n-]-Xy skIyp-e¿ sUtam-{Im‰nIv dn∏-ªn°v. C∂v \ΩpsS P\m[n-]Xyw ]e-X-e-Øn-ep≈ {]iv\-߃ t\cn-Sp-∂p-≠v. AXn¬ H∂mWv Agn-a-Xn. thsd-sbm∂v aX-cm-jv{S-hm-Z-amWv. as‰m∂v `m-jm-]-£-]mXamWv. Aßs\ A\-h[n Imcy-߃. A™qtdmfw \m´p-cm-Py-ß-sf Iq´n -tbm-Pn-∏n®v temI-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Xs∂ C√mØ Hcp ]co-£-W-amWv C¥y \S-Øn-b-Xv. 1947 \pw 30 sIm√w apºv 1917 ¬ BWv tkmhy‰v bqWn-b≥ (USSR) hcp-∂-Xv. AXv 1991 ¬ XI¿∂p-t]m-bn. ]e cmPy-ß-fmbn AXv hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´p-t]m-bn. \Ωƒ Ct∏mgpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. At\Iw aX-߃, At\Iw PmXn-Iƒ, At\Iw `mj-Iƒ ˛ Cu HØncn∏ns‚ {][m-\-s∏´ i{Xp F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv aX-cmjv{S-hm-Z-am-Wv. C¥y Hcp lnμp-cm-jv{S-am-hWw F∂p hnNm-cn°p∂ Hcp Iq´¿ Chn-sS-bp-≠v. At∏mƒ F¥m D≠m-hp-I. \ΩpsS `c-W-L-S\ \ap°v Dd∏p Xcp∂ skIyp-e¿ sUtam{Ikn C√m-sX-bm-hpw. ]Icw F¥m-Wp-≠m-hp-I? C¥y°v Hcp cmjv{S-a-X-ap-≠mIpw. C¥y Hcp aX-cm-jv{S-am-Ipw. cmjv{S aX-Øn¬ s]SmØ Bfp-Iƒ c≠mw-Xcw ]uc-∑mcm-sW∂p hcpw. Ah-cpsS ]ucm-h-Im-i-ß-fn¬ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ {Iao-I-c-W-߃, ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ hcpw. Ah¿°v `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fm-Im≥ hø, \nb-a-\n¿Ωm-W-k-`-bn¬ A`n{]mbw ]d-bm≥ hø., Ah¿°v tImS-Xn-bn¬ IrXy-amb \oXn In´n√ Fs∂ms° hcpw. B Xc-Øn-ep≈ Hcp sshIm-cnI cmjv{Sobw ChnsS aqØp-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. Btem-Nn®p t\m°q. _m_dn ]≈n s]mfn-°pI cma-t£-{X-ap-≠m-IpI F∂p-≈-Xmbn-cp∂p ASp-Ø-Imew hsc {]iv\w. C¥y-bnse GsX-¶nepw Hcp a\p-jys‚ Fs¥-¶nepw Hcp Pohn-X-{]iv\w AXp-sIm≠v ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ ]‰ptam? ChnsS DÆm-\n-√m-Ø-h¿, DSp-°m-\n-√mØ-h¿, ]m¿∏n-S-an-√m-Ø-h¿, hnZy In´mØ Ip´n-Iƒ, Cfw-{]m-bØn¬ _me-th-e°v t]mtI≠n hcp∂ Ip´n-Iƒ, \n¿`m-Ky-him¬ am\w hn‰ns´¶nepw Pohn-t°≠n h∂ kv{XoIƒ Cßs\ Fs¥ms°! Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ NnIn-’bpw In´mØ Bfp-Iƒ. ]ns∂ A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fnepw A\m-Nm-c-ß-fnepw Zpcm-Nm-c-ßfnepw apßn-°n-S-°p∂ Bfp-Iƒ. Fs¥ms° Xcw A‘-hnizm-k-ß-fm-Wv. sImtdmW sshd-kns\ HmSn-°m≥ tlmaw \SØn-bm¬ aXn, NmWIw taØv ]pc-´nbm¬ aXn, tKmaq{Xw tX®m¬ a-Xn, As√-¶n¬ ]m´-sIm-´n-bm-¬ a-Xn. As√-¶n¬ hnf°v IØn-®n´v tKm tKm sImtdmW F∂v ]d-™m-¬ aXn! Fs¥ms° Xam-iIfmWv. Ccp-]Øn H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse Hcp cmPyw Hcp ]I¿®-hym-[nsb t\cn-Sp∂ Hcp coXn-bm-Wn-Xv. Ct∏m aqØph-cp∂ Hcp km[\w ]ipcm-jv{SobamWv. ChnsS a\pjy\v Blmcw Ign-°m-\n√. Chn-SpsØ alm-`q-cn-]£hpw Zmcn- { Zy- t c- J °v Xmsg-bm-Wv. aq∂p-t\-chpw hbdv \nd®v Blmcw Ign-
10 A¥¿[m-c
°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√mØ Bfp-I-fv, XWp∏n¬ \nt∂m NqSn¬ \nt∂m c£-t\-Sm≥ InS°p-∂-Xns‚ apI-fn¬ Hcp taem∏v C√mØ Bfp- I ƒ, \mWw ad- b v ° m≥ hkv { Xw C√mØ Bfp-Iƒ, Ip´n-Iƒ hnZy In´msX Ae-™p-Xn-cn™p t]mIp∂ Hcp cmPyw. CXn-s‚-sbms° \Sp-hn¬ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ F√m {]iv\-ßfpw ad-∏n®p If-bp∂ XcØn¬ AXn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ sshNm-cn-I-amb Imcy- ß - f √ F√mw sshIm- c n- I - a m- ° p- I bmWv. F∂m-se¥m KpWw? Hcp t^kv_p°v t]mÃn¬ I≠-Xm-Wv. hoUn-tbm-bn¬, R߃°v `£Ww th≠, R߃°v hkv{Xw th≠, R߃°v ]m¿∏nSw th≠, NnIn’ th≠, R߃°v aμn¿ aXn. Aßs\ Bfp- I - f psS Xe- b n¬ Kymkv tI‰m≥ ]‰pw. F√m aX-°mcpw F√m ]m¿´n°mcpw CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ sshIm-cn-I-amb Imcy-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´mWv A[n-Imcw t\Sp∂-Xv. As√-¶n¬ sXm´-∏pdØp≈ Bsf A[n- I m- c - Ø n¬ \n∂v Cd°n hnSp- ∂ - X v . cmjv{Sobw F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv hnIm-c-Øns‚ taJ- e - b - √ . ASn- ÿ m- \ - ] - c - a mbn hnth- I Øns‚ taJ- e - b m- W v . hnth- I - Ø n- t e°v FØm≥ F¥mWv th≠- X v? hnNmcw thWw. aq∂v Imcy-ß-fmWv hnIm-cw, hnNmcw, hnth-Iw. \ΩpsS \m´n¬ C∂v B cwKsØms° {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv hnIm-c-amWv Ft∂m¿Øm¬ \ΩpsS CØ- c - Ø n- e p≈ BNm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw BtLm-j-ß-fp-sSbpw Pm{K-X-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fp-sSbpw A¿∞w a\- nem-hpw. \ΩpsS Bfp-I-sf,- ]m-h-s∏´ P\ß-sf, th≠{X hnZym-`ym-k-tam, temI-t_m[-tam, imkv{Xob t_m[-tam, bp‡n-t_m[-tam, C√mØ Bfp-Isf A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfn¬ \n∂pw A\m-Nm-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Cu Xc-Øn¬ sshIm-cn-IX - b - psS Cc-If - mbn amdn \in-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw c£n-°pIsb∂Xv \ΩpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-am-Wv. CØcw BNc-W-ß-fn-eqsS \Ωƒ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂-Xv AXm-Wv. AØcw Imcy-ß-fp-ambn apt∂m´p- t ]m- I p- h m≥ \ap°pw a‰p- ≈ - h ¿°pw Du¿÷ZmbI-am-bn´v Cu ]cn-]mSn amds´ F∂ Biw-k-tbm-Sp-IqSn CXv DZvLm-S\w sNbvX-Xmbn Rm≥ {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. \μn \a-kvIm-cw. (\n¿`-b-ambn Pohn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Im-i-amWv kzmX{¥yw F∂ ap{Zm- h mIyw Db¿Øn NAPM Bcw- ` n® Imº-bn≥ DZvLm-S\w sNbvXv Fw.-F≥.-Im-c-t»cn \SØnb {]`m-j-Ww. X-øm-dm-°n-b-Xv: Ip-kp-aw tPm-k-^v)
{]-Xn-I-c-Ww .............................................................................................................
P-\-߃-°v tkm-jy-en-Ãp-I-sf B-h-iy-ap-≠v, tkm-jy-en-Ãp-Iƒ-°v P-\-ß-sf B-h-iy-an-√!
Pq-
em-bv e-°w A-¥¿-[m-c-bn-se P-\m-[n]-Xy-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈ te-J-\-߃ c-≠pw XnI-®pw hy-Xy-kv-X-hpw au-en-I-am-b \n-co-£W-ß-sf sIm-≠v {i-t≤b-hpw B-bn-cp-∂p. ]p-Xnb Im- e - Ø pw cm- { „o- b Øn¬ P-\m-[n-]-Xyw F{X Zp¿-∫-e-am-sW-∂v I¬∏-‰ \m-cm-b-W≥ am-jn-s‚ te-J-\w Xp-d-∂p Im-Wn°p-∂p. t£-a-cm-{„o-b-sa∂ ]p-dw Im-gv-N-bn¬ P-\ß-fp-sS Pm-{K-X-bn-√m-bv-atb-bpw A-dn-hn-√m-bv-a-tbbpw `-cW - m-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Fß- s \ {]- t bm- P - \ - s ∏- S pØp-∂p-sh-∂pw I¬-∏‰ - efn-X-am-bn ]-d-bp-∂p. kv{Xo-I-tf-bpw Z-fn-X-sc-bpw ]p-dw X-≈p-∂-Xn-s‚ Imc-W-hpw hy-‡-am-bn am-jv A-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ønbn-´p-≠v. ]n sI K-tW-i-s‚ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-sØ-°pdn-®p-≈ te-J-\w `-c-W-Iq-Sw P-\m-[n-]-XysØ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ co-Xn-I-sf Xp-d-∂p ImWn-°p-∂p. \n-e-hn¬ C-¥y≥ A-h-ÿ-bn¬ ]u-cm-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ \n-∂v {]-Pm-[n-]-Xy-Ønte-°v am-dp-∂-Xn-s‚ h-gn-Iƒ hy-‡-am-°p-∂Xm-Wv K-tW-i-s‚ te-J-\w. cm-Py-Øn-s‚ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ F-∂pw \n¿-Æm-b-I-hpw k¿-§mfl-I-hp-am-b ]-¶p-h-ln-® tkm-jy-en-Ãp-Iƒ°v h-∂ ]-X-\w A-t±-lw F-Sp-Øp ]-d-bp∂p. "P-\-߃-°v tkm-jy-en-Ãp-I-sf B-hiy-ap-≠v F-∂m¬ tkm-jy-en-Ãp-Iƒ-°v P\-ß-sf B-h-iy-an-√' F-∂ ]-cm-a¿-iw k-aIm-en-I cm-{„o-b-tØm-Sp-≈ tkm-jy-en-Ãp-Ifp-sS \n-cp-Ø-c-hm-Z-]-c-am-b k-ao-]-\-sØ-bmWv hn-a¿-in-°p-∂-Xv. F-√m tkm-jy-en-Ãp-Ifpw Cu hn-a¿-i-\-Øn-\p ]n-d-In-se hn-Imcw Xn-cn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. - ˛ C.sI. Zn-t\-i≥, bp.F.C.
A¥¿[m-c
11
PmXn-tI-cfw
Hcp ]pe-b≥kv tSÃv km[y-am-Iptam \ΩpsS hn]-Wn-bn¬? e£van-{]` kvt\l-eX
C
¥y-bpsS Fgp-]Ø - n-b© - m-asØ kzmX- { ¥y- Z n- \ - Ø n¬ lnμp]{XØns‚ sIm®n FUn- j \n¬ Hcp apgp-h≥ t]Pv ]ckyw {_m“n≥kv kmºm¿ s]mSn-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. CtX ]ckyw ]Xn-\mdmw Xob-Xn-bnse aebmf at\m- c - a - b psS tIm´bw FUn- j ≥ H∂mw t]Pnepw I≠p. "F shPn-t‰-dn-b≥ t{]mankv' F∂mWv Cu {_m≥Uns‚ t]cns\m-∏-ap≈ hmN-Iw. ap≥]v {_m“n≥kv S®v F∂pw I≠n-´p-≠v. alm-_-en-bpsS Hme-°pS {]Xo- I m- fl - I - a mbn X°m- f nbpw apcn- ß t°mepw D]-tbm-Kn®v Xøm-dm-°nb hnjz-epap-≠v. C{Xbpw PmXym-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp ]ckyw C¥y Fgp-]-Øn-b-©m-asØ kzmX{¥y-Zn\w BtLm-jn-°p∂ thf-bn¬ F√mh¿°pw kzmX-{¥y-Zn-\m-iw-k-Iƒ t\¿∂psIm≠v Cd-°p-∂-Xnse sshcp≤yw CcpØn Nn¥n-∏n-®p. Hmtcm kzmX-{¥y-Zn-\hpw sImtfm-Wn-ben-k-Øn\v FXn-cmbn C¥y-°m¿ \S-Ønb t]mcm-´-ßsf Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw [oc-tZim-`n-am-\n-I-fpsS kvacW \ne-\n-dp-Øp-∂Xn\pw H∏w hn`n∂ `q{]-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ hyXykvX-ß-fmb `mj-Iƒ kwkm-cn®v, Xß-fpsS X\-Xmb hnizm-k-{]-am-W-߃ ]n¥p-S-cp∂ hen-sbmcp P\-hn-`m-K-Øn\v Hcp cmjv{Sw F∂ \nebv°v X߃ H∂m-sW∂ Hm¿Ωs∏-Sp-ج IqSn-bm-Wv. C¥y-bpsS `c-W-LS\ hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ ka-Xz-Ønepw Xpey\o-Xn-bnepw D≈ ]ucs‚ hnizm-k-amWv
12 A¥¿[m-c
Cß-s\-sbmcp H∂n-∏n-°¬ km[y-am-°p-∂Xv. `mj-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, aX-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, PmXn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\Øn¬ hnth-N-\-߃ \ne-\n¬s°, C¥y Hcp Pm-Xym-[n-jvTn-X kaq-l-am-sW∂pw Nne PmXn-k-aq-l-߃ a‰p-≈-h-tb-°mƒ t{ijvTam-sW-∂p-ap≈ \nc-¥-c-amb Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øep-Iƒ Cu hnizm-k-Øn\v t\sc-bp≈ IS∂m-{I-aWw Bbn ImtW-≠-Xp-≠v. tIc- f ob kaq- l - Ø n¬ PmXn- t ∏cv tN¿Øp \ma-I-cWw sNøp∂ coXn kh¿Æ¿ am{X-amWv ]n¥p-S-cp-∂Xv F∂v ImWmw. AXy-]q¿Δ-amb Nne t]cp-I-fn¬ HgnsI Ah¿Æ hn`mKw PmXn-kz-XzsØ Xß-fpsS t]cn¬ \n∂p Hgn-hm°n \ndp-Øp-∂-Xmbpw ImWmw. \ºq-Xn-cn, t]m‰n, hmcy¿, \ºo-i≥, DÆn-Øm≥, tat\m≥, ]n≈, \mb¿, \ºym¿ XpSßn kh¿Æ PmXn-t∏cv kqN--I-߃ t]cn- t \m- s Sm∏w tN¿°pI hgn X߃ IS∂p sN√p∂ kv s ]bv k p- I - f n- s e√mw {]tXy-In®v H∂pw ]d-bm-sX-tbm sNømsXtbm Xs∂ Hcp B[n- ] Xyw ÿm]n°m≥ Ch¿°p Ign-bp-∂p. Cugh PmXn t\m°p-tºmƒ ]Wn-°¿, ]ns∂ Nm∂m≥ F∂o t]c-‰-߃ PmXn kqN-I-߃ BWv. ]pe-b, ]db hn`m-K-߃ PmXn-t∏cv tN¿°p∂Xv tI´p-tIƒhn -t]mepw C√. hy‡n-Iƒ Cu \ne- b n¬ X߃ A¿ln- ° mØ {]mapJyw PmXn-t∏cv tN¿Øp t\Sp-∂Xp t]mse {_m≥Up-Iƒ PmXn-t∏cv tN¿Øp D¬∏-∂-߃ hn]-Wn-bn¬ Cd-°p-∂Xv XmcX-tay\ ]pXnb {]h-W-X-bm-Wv. IrXy-ambn PmXn \¬Ip∂ {]nhn-tePv Cu {_m≥UpIƒ°pw AtX \ne-bn¬ e`n-°p-∂p F∂Xpw Hcp bmYm¿∞yw BWv. {_m“n≥kv
Im-º-bn≥: P-bv In-km≥ F∂ t]cn¬ akm-e-s∏m-Sn-Iƒ, \ºoi≥kv s\øv Hs° Cu coXn-bn¬ PmXn ta[m-hnXzw D]-tbm-Kn®v hn]Wn Iog-S°nb {_m≥UpI-fm-Wv. F∂m¬ C∂nXp-hsc ]d-b≥kv Ft∂m ]pe-b≥kv Ft∂m tNmh≥kv Ft∂m t]cn´ Hcp D¬∏-∂hpw hn]-Wn-bn¬ Cd-°m≥ AwKkw-Jy-bn¬ hep-Xmb Cu PmXn hn`mK-߃ ss[cy-s∏-´n-´n-√. AYhm _nkn\ v XpS-ßm-\p≈ ]Ww Is≠-Øm≥ ]d-bt\m ]pe-bt\m km[n-®m-epw, AXn\p≈ km[yX hnc-f-amWv F∂-XmWv kXyw F∂p-IqSn ]d-b-s´. Cu t]cp-Ifn¬ D¬∏-∂-߃ Cd-°n-bm¬ hn]Wn ]nSn-°m≥ km[n-°n√ F∂ t_m[yw Ch¿°p-≠v. ip≤n, hrØn, ta∑ CsX√mw XßfpsS t]cp ]d- b p- ∂ - X n- e qsS am{Xw ÿm]n- ° m≥ Cu ta¬PmXn hn`m- K ߃°v Ign- b p- ∂ p. shPn- t ‰- d n- b ≥ `£Ww Ign-°p-∂Xpw t{ijvT-am-sW∂v Ch¿ ÿm]n- ° p- ∂ p. AtX- k - a bw Iogv P mXn hn`m- K - Ø ns‚ t]cm- h s´ Aip-≤nbpw hrØn-lo-\-Xbpw KpW-°pd- h p- s am- s °- b mbn tN¿Øp hmbn- ° s∏Spw F∂p-d-∏p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Xs∂bmWv Aß- s \- s bmcp {_m≥Upw hn]Wn ImWm- Ø - X v. ta¬∏- d ™ ]ckyw F√m PmXn-kz-Xz-ß-sfbpw Nhn´n-ØmgvØn {_m“n-\nkw ÿm]n-s®-Sp°pI F∂ AP- ≠ - b mWv apt∂m´p shbv°p-∂-Xv. {_m“n≥kv kmºm¿s∏mSn-bpsS ]c-ky-Øn¬ am\p-j-sc-√mcpw H∂p-t]mse F∂p Nn¥n-°p∂ alm-_en°v F¥p-Im-cyw, H∂p-an-√. B X-°mfn ˛ apcn-ß-t°m¬ Hme-°pS hma-\-t‚-XmWv. `c-W-L-S\ hn`m-h\ sNøp∂ Xpey\o-Xnbpw ka-Xzhpw ]mXm-f-Øn-te°v Nhn-´n-Øm-gvØp∂ A`n-\h hma-\s‚ IpS. {_m“n≥kv kmºm¿s∏mSn sIm≠p HmW-ap≠ \Ωƒ A`n-\h hma\s‚ {]P-Ifpw. alm-_en F∂ `c-WI¿Øm-hns\ a\ p \nd™p kzoI-cn® tIc-fob kaqlw {_m“n-\nkw X≈n°- f - b - W w. F¶n¬ am{Xta Aø- ¶ mfnbpw {io\m-cm-bW Kpcphpw s]mbvIbn¬ {io Ipam-cK - p-cp-tZ-h\pw Pohn® aÆv amth- e n- \ mSv F∂ hnti- j - W - Ø n\v tbmKy-am-hq.
dn-b-e≥-kn-s\ _-ln-jv-I-cn-°p-I: tZ-io-b I¿-j-I {]-t£m-`-Øn-\v H-cp h¿-jw Xn-I-bp-∂p tZ-io-b I¿-j-I {]-t£m-`-Øn-\v i-‡n ]-I-cm≥ tIm¿-∏-td-‰p-Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc-bp-≈ _-ln-jv-I-c-W-Øn-\v tI-c-f-Øn-epw Xp-S-°am-bn. kw-ÿm-\-Øv ]-S-cp-∂ dn-e-b≥-kv hn]-W-\ irw-J-e-I-sf _-ln-jv-I-cn-®p sIm≠m-Wv k-a-cw Xp-S-ßp-I. dn-e-b≥-kn-s‚ hn-]-Wn-bn-te-°v H-cn-°ep-an-√ F-∂ {]-Xn-⁄tbm-sS Hm-tcm Ip-Spw-_Øn¬ \n-∂p-am-Wv Cu _- l n- j v - I - c - W \o- ° Øn-\v Xp-S-°-an-Sp-∂-Xv. Km- ‘ n- b ≥ I- e - Œ o- h ns‚ t\- X r- X z- Ø n¬ Izn‰vC¥ym Zn-\-Øn¬ `-c-W-ßm-\-Øv \-S-∂ 100 a-Wn-°q¿ k-Xy-{Kl-Øn¬ sh-®m-Wv, I¿-j-I¿ dn-e-b≥-kv hn-]-Wn _-ln-jv-I-c-W {]-Xn-⁄-sb-Sp-ØXv. tI-c-f-Øn¬ hym-]-I-am-bn h-cp-∂ dn-eb≥-kv hn-]-W-\ irw-J-e-I-sf _-ln-jv-Icn-°p-I-bm-Wv B-Zy \-S-]-Sn. 2021 H-tŒm-_¿ 2 \v kw-ÿm-\ hym-]I-am-bn Ip-Spw-_ {]-Xn-⁄ kw-L-Sn-∏n-°p∂-Xn-s‚ ap-s∂m-cp-°w F-∂ \n-e-°v ho-SpI-fn¬ hy-‡n k-Xym-{K-l-߃ B-cw-`n-®p I-gn-™p. _-ln-jv-I-c-W k-a-c-Øn¬ ]-¶mfn-I-fm-hm≥ k-∂-≤-X-bp-≈ {]-ÿm-\-ßsf-sb-√mw _-‘-s∏-´p-sIm-≠p k-]v-X-ºdn¬ kw-L-Sn-∏n-°p-∂ kw-ÿm-\-X-e I¨h≥-j-\n¬ h-®v H-cp s]m-Xp-th-Zn-°v cq-]w \¬-Im-\pw, B th-Zn-bp-sS B-`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ Km-‘n-P-b-¥n Zn-\-Øn¬ kw-ÿm-\ hym-]I-am-bn dn-e-b≥-kv hn-]-Wn _-ln-jv-I-c-W Ip-Spw-_ {]-Xn-⁄ \-S-Øm-\p-am-Wv {i-an°p-∂-Xv. ˛Km-‘n-b≥ I-e-Œo-hv _-‘-߃-°v-: k-Æn ss]-I-S (+91 92076 04997)
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PmXn-tI-cfw
c-fØ - n-se ]p-tcm-Ka - \ - ]-£Øn-s‚ km-aq-ln-I a-\- n-em-°-ep-Iƒ-°pw, A-Xn-s‚ \-S-Øn-∏p-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈ [m-c-WIƒ-°pw I-gn-™ H-cp \q-‰m-≠m-bn h-en-b am-‰-߃ D-≠m-bn-´n-√. A-Xv 20˛mw \q-‰m-≠ns‚ B-Zy Z-i-I-ß-fn¬ s]m-fn-s®-gp-Øv \-SØn-b \m-b¿ hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sS a-\- n-em-°-epIƒ X-s∂-bm-sW-∂-Xv A-hn-X¿-°n-X-am-Wv. P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚ G-‰-hpw {]-[m-\-LS-Iw P-\-ß-fp-sS C-—-bm-sW-∂p ]-d-bp-I-bpw A-tX k-a-bw X-s∂, ""_p-≤n-i-‡n-bp-sS ]c-º-cm-K-X-am-b hy-Xym-k-߃ A-h-K-Wn-°cp-sX-∂ Im-c-W-Øm¬ ]p-e-b-sc-bpw ]-d-bsc-bpw k¿-°m¿ kv-Iq-fn¬ tN¿-°m-\-\p-h-Zn°p-∂ D-Ø-c-hn-s\ \-Ωƒ F-Xn¿-°-Ww'' F-
]-c-ta-iz-c-]n-≈-bp-sS-bpw N-cn-{X-sØ Iq-Sn ]cn-K-Wn-®m¬ A-ev-]w-Iq-Sn Im-cyw hy-‡-amhpw. sIm-√-Øv h-®v kv-{Xo-Iƒ I-√p-am-e s]m´n-s®-dn-bp-∂ tbm-K-Øn¬ A-ø≥-Im-fn-°pw tKm-]m-e-Zm-k-\p-sam-∏w th-Zn-bn¬ sh-®v N-ß\m-t»-cn ]-c-ta-iz-c-]n-≈-bpw A-Xn-\m-bn Blzm-\w sN-øp-∂p-≠v. A-tX-k-a-bw km-aq-lnI aq-e-[-\-am-hp-∂ "]n-≈' ÿm-\w t{i-WoIr-X A-k-a-Xz-sØ \n-e-\n¿-Øpw F-∂-Xn¬ Xn-I-®pw A-⁄≥ B-hp-I-tbm A-s√-¶n¬ a-\x-]q¿-Δw A-⁄-X \-Sn-°p-I-tbm sN-øp∂p-. A-tX-k-a-bw a-∂w B-h-s´ Po-hn-X-Imew ap-gp-h≥ A-Sn-bp-d-® ln-μp-hm-bn h¿-Øn°p-I-bpw A-Xn-sem-cp \-ho-I-c-W-sa-∂ \n-ebn¬ a-cp-a-°-Øm-b k-{º-Zm-b-sØ \n¿-Øem-°p-∂-Xn-\v ap-Jy-]-¶v h-ln-°p-I-bpw sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn. C-Xn¬ \n-∂pw Ir-Xy-am-bn a\- n-em-°m≥ km-[n-°p-∂-Xv, cm-jv-{So-bw, aXw, Pm-Xn F-∂n-h-sb ]p-Xp-°m≥ D-≈ {i-a-
km-º-Øn-I kw-h-c-W-hm-Z-Øn-s‚ cm-jv-{So-b ]-›m-Ø-ew ∂v ]-d-bp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p cm-a-Irjv-W-∏n-≈-bp-sS hn-Nn-{X-hm-Zw F-∂v tdm-_n≥ sP-{^n Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS h-tc-Wy P-\m-[n-]-Xy-sa-∂-Xv G-Xv X-´n-ep-≈ a-\p-jysc h-sc-bm-Wv ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xv F-∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. C-tX cm-a-Ir-jv-W-∏n-≈ Xs∂-bm-Wv Imƒ am¿-Iv-kn-s‚ B-Zy a-e-bm-f Po-h-N-cn-{Xw F-gp-Xn-b-Xv F-∂-Xp Iq-Sn {]tXy-I-am-bn ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ tI-c-fo-b ]ptcm-K-a-\m-i-b-߃-°v am¿-Iv-kn-b≥ Nn-¥m-]≤-Xn \¬-Ip-∂ D-W¿-Δv Pm-Xn-sb a-\- n-em°p-∂-Xn-\v ]-cym-]v-X-a-√ F-∂v \n-›-b-am-bpw A-\p-am-\n-°mw. s]m-fn-s®-gp-Øp-Iƒ-°v Np-°m≥ ]n-Sn-® a∂-Øv ]-fl-\m-`-]n-≈-bp-sS-bpw, N-ß-\m-t»-cn
14 A¥¿[m-c
Øn-\v A-∏p-dw kw-kv-Im-cn-I-am-b H-cp s]m-fn-s®-gp-Øn-\v C-h¿ {i-an-®n-√ F-∂-m-Wv. A-Xp-sIm-≠v X-s∂ Pm-Xn-sb a-dn-I-S-°m-t\m, km-aq-ln-I P-\m-[n-]-Xyw sIm-≠p-h-cm-t\m C-h¿-°v km-[n-®n-√. a-dn-®v Pm-Xn-_-≤-am-b ]p-Xn-sbm-cp a[y-h¿-§ ta¬-t°m-bv-a-bpw s]m-Xp-t_m-[-hpw \n¿-Ωn-s®-Sp°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-°m-e-sØ \m-b-co-g-h kw-L-´-\-hpw F-kv.-F≥.-Un.]n-bp-sS i-‡n-{]m-]n-°-epw \m-b¿ hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚ sF-Iys∏-S-en-\p ap-Jy-L-S-I-am-bn. F-∂m¬ Cu-g-h-cp-sS sF-Iys∏-S¬ Pm-Xn-sb F-Xn¿-°m-\p-≈ {i-a-am-bn-´-√ tI-c-fo-b \m-b¿ k-am-P-sam-∂pw I-cp-Xn-b-Xv. A-Xv A-[n-Im-c-ap-d-∏n°m≥ D-≈ h-gn-bm-bn-´m-bn-cp-∂p A-h¿-°v a-\- n-em-b-Xv. A-Xn-s‚ Im-c-Ww £-bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ \m-b¿ X-d-hm-SpI-fp-sS {]-iv-\w Zm-cn-{Zy-am-bn-cp-∂p F-∂-Xm-Wv. A-Xn-te°v \-bn-®-Xv am-dn-h-∂ cm-jv-{So-b-˛-km-aq-ly-km-l-N-cy-ßfn¬ tPm-en e-`n-°p-∂-Xn-\v kp-dn-bm-\n-I-fpw, ]-c-tZ-i-{_m“-W-cpw sh-√p-hn-fn-bm-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. F-¥m-bm-epw km-ºØn-I-am-bn Cu-g-h-cpw H-cp sh-√p-hn-fn-bm-bn tXm-∂n-b \mb¿ hn-`m-Kw km-º-Øn-I-ap-b¿-Øn-bm¬ ]-cm-[o-\-X-Iƒ am-dp-sa-∂pw ]-´n-Wn-sb km-º-Øn-I-am-bn am-{Xw sI-´p-]mSp-≈ H-cp kw-`-h-am-bn a-\- n-em-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. `q-X-Im-e kw-kv-Im-cn-I-X \n-e-\n¿-Øn-s°m-≠v X-s∂ ]-cn-jv-I-c-W-߃-°v {i-an-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v Pm-Xn-sbm-cp {]iv-\-am-bn C-h¿-°v tXm-∂n-b-tX-bn-√ (tI-c-f-Øn-se C-SXp-]-£-Øn-\v C-∂pw {io-Ir-jv-W-P-b-¥n \-S-tØ-≠n hcp-∂-Xv F-¥p-sIm-s≠-∂v ]-d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m.) ]p-Xn-b kmaq-ln-I-˛-cm-jv-{So-b km-l-N-cyw I-S-∂p-h-∂-Xp-aq-ew km-ºØn-I km-aq-ln-I-{I-a-Øn-\v Im-cy-am-b Ip-g-∏-ap-≠m-bn F∂ \n-K-a-\-Øn-te-°m-Wv C-h¿ h-s∂-Øp-∂-Xv. A-ø≥-Imfn-tbm, A-∏-®-t\m H-∂pw B-hn-iy-s∏-Sp-∂- t]m-se `q-an-bvt°m, hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-t\m th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√ C-°q-´-cpsS {i-aw, a-dn-®v km-º-Øn-I-\n-e sa-®-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-≈ tPmen am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p {]-[m-\ D-t±-iw. D-]-Pm-Xn `n-∂-X-I-sf-∏-‰n ]-d-bp-∂-Xv Im-Wm≥ km-[n°p-sa-¶n-epw A-Xn-\v ]-cn-lm-c-am-bn I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xv kwkv-Ir-X-h-Xv-I-c-Ww A-Y-hm \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂ kmw-kv-Im-cnI-X-bn-te-°pw a-X-k-¶-ev-]-Øn-te-°p-ap-≈ A-t°m-sam-tUj≥ am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. C-∂pw \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂ Cu k-¶-ev]w km-aq-ln-I-am-b ]n-t∂m-°m-h-ÿ km-º-Øn-I A-Snÿm-\-Øn¬ \n¬-°p-∂-Xm-sW-∂ iq-{Z-Im-gv-N-∏m-Sn¬ \ne-\n¬-°p-∂p. km-º-Øn-I kw-h-c-Ww ap-X¬, Pm-Xn-bn√m-bv-a Xp-S-ßn-b I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv `m-jy-߃ ta-ev-]-d-™ iq{Z ]p-tcm-K-a-\ k-¶-ev-]w B-sW-∂-Xn¬ X¿-°-an-√m-Ø Im-cy-am-Wv. km-aq-ln-I aq-e-[-\w F-ß-s\-sbm-s° {]-h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v F-∂ I-gn-™ \q-‰m-≠n-se iq-{Z-cp-sS [m-cW-bn-√m-bv-a X-s∂-bm-Wv C-S-Xp-]-£-Øn-t‚-Xm-bn C-∂pw \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂-Xv.
{]km[I kanXn Aw_nI hn.Un. Aºnfn Hma\°p´≥ A\¥p cmPv A\ojv eqt°mkv A\n¬Ipam¿ Fw.Fw. _me≥ hn.]n. _¬°okv _m\p _ocm≥ BbºØv N{μ≥ sI. Znt\i≥ C.sI. tPm¿Pv tP°_v Ipkpaw tPmk^v aplΩZv _jo¿ {]Xojv sI.B¿. cmPtiJc≥ Fkv. (sNb¿am≥)
cmP≥ ]n.sI. cmtP{μ≥ sI.hn. ctajv _m_p tkmtjym (sshkv sNb¿am≥)
cho{μ≥ ]n.]n. {]Xojv sI.B¿. cmPohv Ipam¿ sI. sdPn\m¿°v ]n. cay hn.B¿. k\ojv ]\ßmSv (tPmbn‚ v I¨ho\¿)
iio{μ _m_p iinIpam¿ aeb≥Iogv iinIpam¿ s]m°p∂v jmlp¬ laoZv ]n.kn. {io[c≥ F≥.Sn.sI. {io[c≥ Sn.]n. {ioIpam¿ sI. {io\nhmk≥ C.sI. (I¨ho\¿)
kp\n¬ sI. kptc{μ≥ km£n kptcjv _m_p Fw.sI. ({Sjd¿)
hnPb cmLh≥ tNenb hnt\mZv ]øS sk\n≥ dmjn
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Imem-hÿm hyXn-bm-\-Øn-\p -DØ-c-hmZn Bcv? AUz: hnt\mZv ]øS
Im
em-hÿm hyXn-bm\w XSbm≥ IPCC (Inter Governmental Panel on Climate Change) \bw D≠m-°p-∂-h¿°p≈ ap∂-dn-bn∏v F∂ \ne-bn¬ AXns‚ ]pXnb dnt∏m¿´v ka¿∏n®ncn-°-bm-Wv. Cu dnt∏m¿´v a\p-jy-\mWv `qansb NqSv ]nSn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-emWv \S-Øp-∂-Xv. BtKm-f-Xm]\w Ipd- b v ° m≥ temI- Ø n\p ap∂n¬ A[nIw kabw C√ F∂ AXy¥w A]I-Sm-hÿ Nq≠n-°m´n \¬Inb dnt∏m¿´v am\-h-cm-in°v Nph∂ Pm{KX \¬Ip-∂p. •mkvtKm-hn¬ 2013 ¬ tN¿∂ {]apJ cmjv{SX-e-h≥am-cpsS tbmK (Cop-26) Øn\p tijw BZy-ambn ]pd-Øp-hn-Sp∂ dnt∏m¿´m-Wv CXv. Cu ASpØ Znh- k - ß - f n¬ s]mXpsh XWp∏p {]tZ-i-ß-fmb hS°v ]Sn-™m-d≥ Ata- c n- ° , {Kokv XpS- ß nb - C - S - ß - f n¬ GXm≠v 50 Un{Kn-tbm-S-SpØv NqSp≈ DjvWX-cwKw D≠m-bXpw P¿Ω-\n, ssN\ XpSßnb cmPy-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-hn¬ \n∂p hyXykv X - a mbn s]mSp- ∂ - s \- b p≈ sh≈- s ∏m°hpw 2018, 2019 ImeØv tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠mb AXn-h¿jhpw BtKm-f-Xm-]\w aqew D≠mIm≥ t]mIp∂ Imem- h ÿm hyXn- b m- \ Øns‚ B]Xv kqN-\-I-fm-Wv. 1850˛1900 ImesØ Ac iX-I-Øn-ep-≠mbn-cp∂ h¿≤-\-hns\ At]-£n®v 2011˛2020 Zi-I-Øn¬ BtKmf D]-cn-Xe Xm]\w 1.9 Un{Kn h¿≤\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. 1850 \p tijw Ign™ 5 h¿j-amWv `qan G‰hpw NqSm-bn-cp-∂-Xv. 1901˛1971 ImesØ At]£n®v IS¬\n-c∏v aq∂n-c-´n-tbmfw Db¿∂p. 2040 tXmSp-IqSn IS¬ \nc∏v 2 ao‰¿ Db-cpw. IS¬ IqSp- X ¬ Aav f - K pW- a p≈Xm- h pw. A‚m¿´n-°-bnse a™p-]m-fn-I-fpsS \miw Xo{h-am-Ipw. Cßs\ t]mIp∂p dnt∏m¿´nse
16 A¥¿[m-c
Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ. CØcw B]Xv kqN- \ - I ƒ Imemhÿm hyXn-bm\w ]Tn-°p∂ bp.-F≥.-kwL-S\ Hmtcm ]cn-ÿnXn D®-tIm-Sn-bnepw \¬In t]mcp-∂p-≠v. 2015 se ]mcokv D®tIm-Sn-bn¬ lcn-X-Kr-l-hm-X-I-ß-fpsS ]pdwX-≈¬ Ipd®p sIm≠p-h-cp-sa∂ {]Xn⁄ temI cmjv{S-߃ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ CS-°m-eØv Ata-cn° AXn¬ \n∂v ]n∑mdn. B {]Xn-⁄-bn¬ Dd®p \n¬°p-tºmgpw a‰v cmPy-߃°v {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn Im¿_¨ ssU HmIvssk-Uns‚ h¿≤-\-hns\ XSbm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. ]Xn-hp-t]mse sFIycmjv{S kwL-S\ ip≤-amb kmt¶-XnI hnZy (Clean Technology) D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂pw Blzm\w sNøp- ∂ p. Cu dnt∏m¿´nse {][m\ Is≠- Ø ¬ hyh- k mb hnπh ]q¿Δ-Im-e-sØ-°mfpw `qan-bpsS D]-cn-X-eXm]w {Iam-Xo-X-ambn h¿≤n®p sIm≠n-cn°p- ∂ p- s h- ∂ - X m- W v . AXn- \ p- t ijw a\pjys‚ CS-s]-S¬Im-cWw Im¿_¨ _ln¿K-a\w 2400 _ney≥ S¨ BWv. C\nbpw AXns‚ IqsS 500 _ney≥ S¨ IqsS Iq´n tN¿°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ `qan-bn¬ Poh-Pm-e-ßfpsS \ne-\n¬∏v ZpjvI-c-am-Ipw. AXm-bXv \ne-hnse Im¿_¨ _ln¿K-a-\-Øns‚ tXmXv h¿≤n-°msX t\m°-W-sa-∂-XmWv dnt∏m¿´ns‚ ImX¬. D]-cn-Xe `ua-Xm-]\w 1990 \p tij-amWv G‰hpw IqSp-X-embn sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂X-s{X! Cu c≠v Ime-kq-NI-ßfpw hfsc {][m-\-am-Wv. 18˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ \S∂ hyhkmb hnπ-h-Øn\p tijamWv temI-Øns‚ DXv]m-Z\ hyh-ÿ-bn¬ ImX-emb am‰w D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. h≥InS b{¥ß-fpsS I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-߃°p tijw DXv]mZ\w {Kmao-Whpw hntI-{μo-Ir-Xhpw sNdp-InS-bp-amb coXn-I-fn¬ \n∂v tI{μo-Ir-Xhpw h≥In-S-bp-amb \K-c-tI-{μo-Ir-X-amb hyhÿ-bn-te°v am‰-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. km{am-
PyXz aqe- [ \ tiJ- c W X{¥- ß - f n- e qsS bqtdm-∏n¬ apX-em-fnØw hf-cp-Ibpw temIØns‚ hnZq- c - ÿ - ß - f mb tImWp- I - f n¬ \n∂v {]IrXn hn`-h-߃ A°m-eØv bqtdm∏n-te°pw ]n∂oSv a‰v apX-em-fnØ DXv]mZ\ hyh-ÿ-I-fnse DXv]m-Z-\-Øns‚ XpcpØp-I-fn-te°pw sImtfm-Wn-b¬ \b-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS ]ngn-™q-‰n-sb-Sp-°-s∏-SpIbpw sNbvXp. X¬^-e-ambn At∂ hsc temIw I≠-Xns‚ kl-{k-a-Sßv Du¿÷Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX h¿≤n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Cu DXv]m-Z\ hyh-ÿ-bpsS \ne-\n¬∏n\v A\n-hm-cy-amb tI{μo-Ir-X-amb `cW cq]ßfpw X¬^-e-ambn Dcp-Øn-cn-b-s∏-´p. {]IrXn-bpsS A¥-I-\mb apX-em-fn-ØsØ {]Xntcm-[n-®p-sIm≠v cwKØv h∂ IΩyq-WnÃv hyhÿ XmXzo-I-am-sb-¶nepw Hcp _Z¬ DXv]m-Z\ hyhÿ apt∂m´v shbv°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. djybpw ssN\bpw Dƒs∏Sp∂ Iayq-WnÃv cmjv{S-߃ apX-em-fnØ DXv]m-Z\ hyh-ÿsb as‰mcp tI{μo-Ir-Xamb cmjv{S-hy-h-ÿ°p Iogn¬ IqSp-X¬ i‡- a mbpw P\m- [ n- ] Xy hncp- ≤ - a mbpw apt∂m´v sIm≠p-t]m-bn. AXm-bXv B[p\nI sImtfm-Wn-b¬ DXv]m-Z\ hyh-ÿbpsS apX-em-fnØ Iayq-WnÃv cq]-߃ GIcq-]-Øn-ep-≈Xpw BtKm-f-Xm-]-\-Øn\v Hcp t]mse Imc- W hpw {]Ir- X n- b psS \ne\n¬∏n\v `oj-Wn-bp-am-Wv. Cu dnt∏m¿´v apt∂m´v hbv°p-∂-Xp-t]mse ¢o\mb kmt¶XnI hnZybpw ¢o\mb Du¿÷hpw D]-tbmKn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS ]cn-l-cn-°m-hp-∂-X√ Cu {]iv\w. B[p-\nI kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bpsS kl-P-amb kz`mhw Xs∂ Nqj-tWm≥apJ-am-Wv. A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb DXv]m-Z-\hpw D]t`m-Khpw Cu kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bpsS klP-amb Ne-\-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. B[p-\nI hyh-kmb \mK-cn-I-XbpsS DXv]mZ\ hyh-ÿsb A]\n¿Ωn-®√ - msX Poh-Pm-eß - ƒ°pw am\- h - c m- i n°pw {]Ir- X n°pw \ne-\n¬∏n√ F∂ kμn-Kv≤mh-ÿ-bn-emWv temIw. 1990 \p tijw \h sImtfm-Wnb¬ \b-ß-fpsS Bhnjv ° m- c - t ØmsS Cu DXv ] m- Z \ hyhÿ AXns‚ {]Xnk‘n-Isf adn-I-S-°p∂-Xn-\mbn {ian-°p-
Ibpw X¬^-e-ambn IqSp-X¬ i‡n-tbmsS IqSp-X¬ DXv]m-Z\w IqSp-X¬ D]-t`mKw F∂ AXns‚ e£yw Xo{h-ambn \S-∏m-°pIbpw sNbvX Ime-am-Wv. Cu DXv]m-Z\ hyh-ÿbv°v \ne-\n¬°-W-sa-¶n¬ aqe-[\-Øns‚ Nw{I-aWw A\p-kyq-X-ambn \St°-≠-Xp-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v ]pXnb BUw_c D]-t`m-K-h-kvXp-°-fpsS D]-t`m-K-h-e-bØn¬ a\p-jy-s\, {]tXy-In®v a[y-h¿K, D]cn-h¿§-Øn¬s∏-´-hsc Ipcp-°n-bn-Sp-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v DXv]m-Z\w \S-Øp-I-bpamWv sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv dnt∏m¿´v Ip‰-s∏-SpØp∂ a\p-jy-K-W-Øn¬ a[y, D]- c n, htcWy kº- ∂ - h ¿§- ß ƒ am{Xta Dƒs∏-Sp-I-bp-≈q. Ah-cm-sW-¶n¬ temI-P-\-kw-Jy-bn¬ 20% Øn¬ IqSp-I-bpan-√. AXp-sIm≠v Cu Ipdn-∏n\v Ipdn-∏ns‚ HSp-hn¬ htc-Wy¿ As√-¶n¬ B[p-\nI \mK-cn-IX ]pI-∏n® `qan F∂ ]n≥X-es°´v IqSn \¬Ip-∂p. alm-flm-Km‘n cm£-ko-b-sa∂v hntijn-∏n® B[p-\nI hnI-k\ amXrI ASnt®¬∏n® BLm-X-ß-fmWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ temIw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C¥y-bn¬ CXv PmXn hyh-ÿ-bn¬ \q≠ndßn {Kmao-W¿, BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ, Zen-X¿, ]n∂m° hn`m- K - Ø n¬s∏´ DXv ] m- Z - I sc {_m“-WnI hyh-ÿ°v A\p-tcm-[ambn A[n- I m- c - { `- j v S - c m°pI IqSn sNøp∂p-≠v.
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17
]w-‡n B-cw-`n-°p-∂p:
k-a-c tI-c-f-Øn-se s]¨ km-∂n-≤y-߃-
Izm-dn-hn-cp-≤ k-a-c-sØ kv-{Xo-Iƒ \-bn-°p-tºmƒ _¬-In-kv _m-\p
Xr
-iq¿ \-S-Ø-d ]-©m-b-Øn-se h-e-°mhn¬ D-≈m-S≥ tKm-{X-ka - p-Zm-bmw-Kß - f - m-b Aº-sØm-t∂m-fw B-Zn-hm-kn Ip-Spw-_ß - f - p-≠v. A-h-cp-sS Po-hn-X-am¿-§w Ir-jn-bpw I-∂p-Imen h-f¿-Ø-ep-am-Wv. Rm-d-°q-d In-ßn-Wn-∏m-
d, N-h-dmw ]m-Sw, A-®≥ Ip-∂v, aq¿-°-\n-°c, h-´-∏m-d, ]-ø-\ F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-se ]m-d-a-SI-fn¬ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂ {I-j¿ Izm-dn bq-Wn‰p-I-fn¬ \n-∂pw h-cp-∂ h≥-tXm-Xn-ep-≈ s]mSn-bpw kv-t^m-S-\ i-–-hpw A-h-cp-sS Po-hnXw Zp- -l-am-°n-Øo¿-Øp. ho-Sp-I-fp-sS Np-acp-Iƒ hn-≠v A-]-I-S-Øn-em-bn. hn-´p-am-dm-Ø izm-k-tIm-i tcm-K-ß-fpw A-e¿-Pn-bpw hym]n-®-t∏mƒ kv-{Xo-I-fpw Ip-´n-I-fp-a-S-°w \m´p-Im¿ k-a-c-cw-K-Øn-d-ßn.
18 A¥¿[m-c
ssl-t°m¿-´n¬ \n-∂pw kv-t‰ Hm¿-U¿ D≠m-bn-´pw D-tZym-K-ÿ cm-{„o-b A-[n-Im-cn-Ifp-sS H-Øm-i-tbm-sS I-º-\n {]-h¿-Øn-°p∂-Xp I-≠v Im-cy-߃ tNm-Zn-°m≥ sN-∂-hsc Izm-dn am-^n-b X-√n ]-cn-t°¬-∏n-®p. AtX Xp-S¿-∂v a¿-±-\-ta-‰-h-cp-sS `m-cy-am-c-S-°w \m-´p-Im¿ kw-L-Sn-®v ssI-tø-‰-sØ tNm-Zyw sN-bv-Xp. A-h-cp-sS Iq-´-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂ ku-ay F-∂ kv-{Xo-sb Izm-dn am-^n-bm-kwLw D-]-{Z-hn-°p-I-bpw h-kv-{Xw h-en-®p Io-dp-I-bpw Xp-S¿-∂v A[n-t£-] {]-Nm-c-Ww \-S-Øp-Ibpw sN-bv-X-tXm-sS k-a-cw i‡-am-bn. ]-e-bn-S-Øm-bn k-a-cw \-SØn-b-h¿ H-∂n-®p tN¿-∂v k-ac cw-K-tØ-°v h-∂-Xv k-a-c-KXn-sb am-‰n-a-dn-®p. k-a-cw {]-Xo£-bv-°-∏p-d-tØ-°v h-f¿-∂p. A-]-am-\n-X-cpw ap-dn-th-‰-h-cp-amb kv-{Xo-Iƒ D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂‰m¬ C-c-´n i-‡n-bpw Du¿-÷hp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂v ]n-∂o-Sp-≈ h-e-°m-hv k-a-c-N-cn-{Xw km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. h-\-ta-J-e-bn¬ a-Xn-bm-b tc-J-I-fn-√m-sX A-\-[n-Ir-X-am-bn {]-h¿-Øn-® Izm-dn-I-fn¬ Nne-Xv A-Xn-th-Kw A-S-®p-]q-´n-®-Xpw B `q-anbn¬ X-s∂ {I-j¿ bq-Wn-‰p-S-a-I-sf Ir-jn sN-øm≥ \n¿-_-‘n-X-am-°n-b-Xpw kv-{Xo-I-fpsS k-a-c-Øn-s‚ ^-e-߃ X-s∂. C-Xn-\n-S-bn¬, a-e-tbm-c kw-c-j-W-k-anXn I-f-Œ-td-‰p-]-Sn-°¬ B-cw-`n-® A-\n-›n-XIm-e k-a-c-Øn-s‚ 20-mw Zn-h-kw, 2016 Pq-sse 18 \v, ]-©m-b-Øn-\p ap-∂n¬ \-S-∂ [¿-W
as‰mcp ]mT-a-√ D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-øm-s\-Øn-b F-s∂-bpw Iq´n A-h¿ I-f-Œ¿-°v \n-th-Z-\w sIm-Sp-°m≥ t]m-bn. k-a-c-°m¿-s°-Xn-sc \n-∂ I-f-Œtdm-Sv, Izm-dn-Iƒ-°v kv-t‰m-∏v sa-tΩm sImSp-°m-sX R-߃ Xn-cn-®p-t]m-hn-s√-∂v {]Jym-]n-®v Ip-´n-I-fpw kv-Xo-I-fp-a-S-°w 29 t]¿ I-f-Œ-td-‰n¬ D-]-tcm-[-an-cp-∂p. Hm-^okv k-ab - w I-gn-™n-´pw ]n-cn-™p t]m-Im≥ Iq-´m-°m-Xn-cp-∂ R-ß-sf A-d-Ãv sN-bv-Xv kv-t‰-j-\n-se-Øn-®p \-S-]-Sn {I-a-߃-°pti-jw, a-Pn-kv-t{S-‰n-\p-ap-∂n¬ lm-P-dm-°n. ]m-Xn-cm-{Xn c-≠p a-Wn-°v ]n-cn-™p t]mIm-\m-h-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Xn-cn-®p t]m-In-s√-∂pw e-£yw ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°pw h-sc Cu t]m-eo-kv hm-l-\-Øn¬ C-cp-∂v k-a-cw sN-øp-sa-∂pw R-߃ I-´m-bw ]d-™p. cm-{Xn ap-gp-h≥ t]m-eo-kp-Im¿ sse-‰-W-®pw _m-Øv-dpw ]q-´n-bn-´pw R-ßsf D-]-{Z-hn-®p. \o-≠ C-cp-]-Xp a-Wn-°q¿ hn-i-∏pw Zm-l-hpw k-ln-®v R-߃ t]meo-kv hm-l-\-Øn-en-cp-∂p. I-f-Œ¿ h-∂v kvt‰m-∏v sa-tΩm sIm-Sp-°m-sa-∂ D-d-∏p X-cmsX t]m-eo-kv hm-l\ - Ø - n¬ \n-∂n-dß - n-s√∂v R-߃ \n-e-]m-Sp I-Sp-∏n-®p. H-Sp-hn¬ k-a-cw sN-øp-∂ kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS ap-∂n-te-°v B-W-[n-Im-c-Øn-t‚-bpw `-c-W-Øn-s‚-bpw A-l-¥ ]n-Sn-® I-f-Œ¿-°v t\-cn-´v h-∂v Bh-iy-߃ Aw-Ko-Ic - n-®X - m-bn {]-Jym-]n-t°≠n h-∂p. C-Xv kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS k-a-c-hn-P-bam-bn-cp-∂p. A-ß-s\ tI-c-f-Øn-se Izm-dn k-a-cß-fp-sS N-cn-{X-Øn¬ h-e-°m-hv k-a-cw ÿm-\w ]n-Sn-®p. kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS A-km-am\y ss[-cy-hpw, \n-›b - Z- m¿-Vy-hpw sIm-≠p am-{X-am-Wv A-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ-°v h-g-tß-≠n h-∂-Xpw \n-b-aw \-S-∏n-em-b-Xpw. A-Xn-\p ti-j-hpw [m-cm-fw sN-dp-Øp \n¬-∏p-Iƒ k-a-c-k-an-Xn-bp-sS t\-Xr-XzØn-ep-≠m-bn. an-\n F-∂ B-Zn-hm-kn bph-Xn-bp-sS H-cm-gv-N \o-≠p \n-∂ \n-cm-lmc-k-a-cw X-s∂ D-Zm-l-c-Ww. A-ß-s\ kv{Xo-I-fp-sS \n-c-¥-c-am-b k-a-c-߃ aq-ew Izm-dn D-S-a-Iƒ-°p th-≠n X-øm-dm-°n-b ]e dn-t∏m¿-´p-I-fpw Xn-cp-Øn-sb-gp-X-s∏-´p. Xn-cp-Øn-b B dn-t∏m¿-´p-Iƒ ]n-∂o-Sv tI-kn-\pw k-lm-b-I-am-bn. h-e-°m-hn-se F-√m Izm-dn-If - pw A-S® - p-]q-t´-≠n-h∂ - X - v ka-ccw-K-sØ s]¨-km-∂n-≤yw sIm-≠msW-∂-Xv {i-t≤-b-am-Wv.
]mT-t`Zw
hcnkwJy: 200 cq] _m¶v Hm^v alm-cmjv{S, tImgn-t°mSv {_m©v
Ac. No.20165712159 (IFSC: MAHB0000408) (XpI A°u-≠n-e-S® hnhcw FkvFw-Ftkm sabvtem hgn {]tXyIw Adn-bn-°-Ww)
XpI KqKnƒt]bmbpw Ab°mw: 8086205415
]mT-t`Zw A¬ Aao≥ _n¬UnwKv, Nn¥mhf∏v, tImgn-t°mSv˛4 8086205415, 9446464948 patabhedam@gmail.com
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19
hm-cn-b≥-Ip-∂-\pw a-X-]-cn-h¿-Ø-\-hpw
tUm.Fw. Kw-Km-[-c≥
1921
se a-e-_m¿ I-em-]-Imew. I-em-]-t\-Xm-°-fn¬ {]-[m-\n-bm-bn-cp-∂ hm-cn-b≥-Ip-∂-Øv Ip-™-l-Ω-Zv lm-Pn Iq-´pIm-tcm-sSm-∏w A-co-t°m-´p-≈ H-cp I-em-] tI{μ-Øn¬ F-Øn. A-t∏mƒ A-hn-sS Ip-d-®v ln-μp-°ƒ C-cn-°p-∂-Xv I-≠v A-h¿ F-¥p sN-øp-I-bm-sW-∂v lm-Pn A-t\z-jn-®p. A-hscm-s° a-Xw am-dm≥ h-∂-h-cm-sW-∂v B tI{μ-Øn-ep-≈-h¿ ]-d-™p. Ip-™-l-Ω-Zv lmPn-°v A-X-{X t_m-≤y-am-bn-√. kz-a-\- m-se a-Xw am-dm≥ h-∂-Xm-tWm F-∂v lm-Pn A-htcm-Sv tNm-Zn-®p. "A-sX' F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p a-dp-]Sn. ]-t£, A-h-c-Xv ]-d-™-Xv hn-d-®p-sIm-≠msW-∂v tXm-∂n-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-h-Ww lm-Pn Ah-tcm-sSm-s° ÿ-ew hn-Sm≥ ]-d-™p. "AsXm-s° \-ap-°v km-h-Im-i-am-tem-Nn-°mw' F∂p ]-d-™p. C-Xv I-em-]-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈ K-h¿-sΩ-≠v tc-J-I-fn¬ Im-Wp-∂-Xm-Wv (B¿ F-®v . ln®v-tIm-°v, A History of the Malabar Rebellion, 1921, a-Zn-cm-in, 1925, a ]p.187) a-X ]-cn-h¿-Ø\-Øn-s‚ Im-cy-Øn¬ hm-cn-b≥-Ip-∂-s‚ "kmh-Im-iw' am-Xr-I-bm-th-≠-Xm-sW-∂v h-I-Xncn-hp-≈-h¿-°v Im-Wmw.
20 A¥¿[m-c
Po-hn-X-Øn¬ km-[m-c-W-hpw A-km-[mc-W-hp-am-b ]-e hn-j-a-ß-fp-ap-≠m-Ipw. AXn-s‚-sbm-s° t]-cn¬ a-X-]-cn-h¿-Ø-\-Øn\v ap-Xn-cp-∂-h-sc t{]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xv GsX-¶n-epw a-X-Øn-\v `q-j-W-am-tWm, Kp-WI-c-am-tWm? a-e-∏p-dw Pn-√-bn¬ Xn-cq-c-ßm-Sn°-Sp-Øp-≈ I-cn-]-d-ºn-se cm-[m-a-Wn-bp-sS ]cn-h¿-Ø-\w (]-{X-߃, 12 B-K-Ãv ) hm-bn°p-tºmƒ Cu h-gn-°m-tem-Nn-®v t]m-hpw. Zp-cm-Nm-cß - f - m¬ hn-ja - n-°p-∂h - ¿-°v a-Xw am-‰w sIm-≠v c-£-In-´n-b k-μ¿-`-߃ \-ΩpsS N-cn-{X-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. tI-c-f-Øn¬ sXm-´p-Iq-Sm-bv-a-bpw Xo-≠n-°q-Sm-bv-a-bpw kw_-‘-hy-h-ÿ-bpw A-Xp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ Nne B-Nm-c-ß-fpw F-√mw-Iq-Sn s]m-dp-°m-\mhm-sX ]-e-cpw C-…mw a-X-hpw {In-kv-Xp a-Xhpw kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. A-∂-sØ Zp-cmNm-c-߃ Nn-e-Xp hn-h-cn-® ti-jw "C-Ø-cw A-\m-Nm-c-߃ sIm-≠v s]m-dp-Xn-ap-´n-bpw ]cn-ip-≤-\m-b {]-hm-N-I‚ A-\p-{K-l-ap-≠m-bpw A-h¿ C-…m-an-te-°v B-I¿-jn-°-s∏-´p-h-cn-Ibm-Wv' F-∂v ]-Xn-\m-dmw \q-‰m-≠n-s‚ A-¥yØn¬ c-Nn-® Xp-lv-^-Øp¬ ap-Pm-ln-±o≥ F∂ A-d-_n {K-Ÿ-Øn¬ s]m-∂m-\n-°m-c-\mb ssi-Jv ssk-\p-±o≥ F-gp-Xp-∂p (th-embp-[≥ ]-Wn-°-t»-cn-bp-sS hn-h¿-Ø-\w). {Inkv-Xp-a-X-Øn-te-°pw C-Xp-t]m-ep-≈ ]-cn-h¿Ø-\-߃ \-S-∂n-cn-°-Ww. A-∂v C-ß-s\ a-
km£n _pIvkv Xw am-dp-∂-Xn¬ B-sc-¶n-epw {]-Xntj-[n-°p-I-tbm ]-cn-`-hn-°p-I-tbm sN-bv-X-Xm-bn tc-J-I-fn¬ Im-Wp∂n√. ]-sØm-º-Xmw \q-‰m-≠n-s‚ c≠mw ]m-Xn-bn¬ a-e-_m-dn-se \-s√mcp `m-Kw sN-dp-a-°ƒ (]p-e-b-cpw a‰pw) C-…mw a-Xw kzo-I-cn-®-Xm-bn Imt\-jp-am-cn I-W-°p-I-fn¬ kq-N-\-bp≠v. I-gn-™ Z-i-I-Øn¬ ao-\m-£n ]p-c-sØ a-X ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\-߃-s°Xn-sc D-≠m-b {]-Xn-tj-[-ß-sfm-∂pw A-∂v a-e-_m-dn-se a-X am-‰-߃-s°Xn-cm-bp-≠m-bn-√. tI-c-f-sØ kw-_‘n-t®-S-tØm-f-sa-¶n-epw Io-gvPm-Xn°m¿ ln-μp-a-X-Øn¬-s∏-´-h-cm-sW∂ [m-c-W-bv-°v G-sd ]-g-°-an-s√-∂v tXm-∂p-∂p. G-Xm-bm-epw C-∂v B [m-c-W D-≠m-bn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. F-∂p am-{X-a-√ A-\y-a-X-ÿ-sc lnμp a-X-Øn¬ tN¿-°p-∂ co-Xn-bpw C-hn-sS Xp-Sß - n-°g - n-™p. A-tXm-sSm∏w a-X ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\w kw-L¿-j-ap≠m-°m-hp-∂ kw-`-h-am-bn I-gn-™n´p-ap-≠v. Cu km-N-cy-Øn¬ a-X-]-cn-h¿Ø-\w h-f-sc {i-≤n-®p am-{Xw \-StØ-≠ Im-cy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. G-sX¶n-epw k-Ω¿-±w sIm-t≠m hn-j-aw sIm-t≠m a-X-]-cn-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-\v Hcp-ßp-∂-h-tcm-Sv hm-cn-b≥-Ip-∂-Øv Ip-™-l-Ω-Zv lm-Pn ]-d-™-Xp t]mse "\-ap-°v km-h-Im-i-Øn-em-tem-Nn°mw' F-∂v ]-d-bp-∂-Xm-hpw D-Nn-Xw. Ip-td-°q-Sn im-¥-am-bn, hn-izm-k-]-chpw B-Nm-c-]-c-hp-am-b Im-cy-ß-fn¬ ]q¿-W [m-c-W-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn a-X ]-cnh¿-Ø-\-Øn-\-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw G-Xp a-X-Øn-\pw `q-j-W-am-hpI F-∂-Xn¬ kw-i-b-an-√. H-cp a-Xw ]p-Xp-Xm-bn kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv G-sX¶n-epw ssh-Im-cn-It- am km-lN - c - y-tam B-b k-Ω¿-±-ß-sf sIm-≠p am-{Xam-sW-¶n¬, ]p-Xp hn-izm-k-sØ-°pdn-®p-≈ A-dn-hn¬ \n-∂p-≠m-hp-∂ ZrV- \ n- › - b w A- X n- ∂ v ]n- ∂ n- e n- s √¶n¬, A-Xv b-Ym¿-∞ ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\am-bn Im-Wp-∂-Xn-e¿-Y-an-√-t√m. (F-Xn¿-sam-gn-Iƒ: - 2007 B-K-Ãv/ I-d≥-dv _p-Iv-kv, Xr-iq¿)
A¥¿[m-c
21
tIm¨-{K-t -X-c-Xz-hpw P-\m-[n-]-Xy- C¥ybpw s{]m-^. kp-_o¿ kn≥-l (kv-Iqƒ Hm-^v Hm-dn-b‚¬ B≥-Uv G-jy≥ Ã-Uo-kv, e-≠≥ k¿-Δ-I-em-im-e)
hnh: tUm.sI.{ioIpam¿
-¥y≥ P-\-X-sb H-∂m-sI {]-Xn\n- [ o- I - c n- ° p- I F- ∂ e- £ ytØm-Sp-Iq-Sn cq-]o-Ic - n-°s - ∏-´ BZy-sØ cm-jv-{So-b I-£n tIm¨{K- m- b n- c p- ∂ p. 1885˛¬ cq- ] o- I - c n- ° - s ∏- ´ tIm¨-{K- n-\v 1914˛-h-sc A-Ø-c-sam-cp e£yw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√ F-s∂m-cp B-t£-]w ]-e N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cpw D-∂-bn-®n-´p-≠v. H-cp ]cn-[n-h-sc A-Xv i-cn-bm-Wv. hn-im-e t_mw-s_bn-te-bpw Kp-Pd - m-Øn-te-bpw D-Ø¿-{]-tZ-in-tebpw k-h¿-Æ ln-μp, ]m¿-kn, ap-…ow hn-`m-Kß-fm-bn-cp-∂p tIm¨-{K- n-se {]-ap-J t\-Xm°ƒ ]-e-cpw. A-sXm-cp _-lp-P-\-{]-ÿm-\am-bn-cp-∂n-√. F-∂m¬ Km-‘n-bp-sS h-c-thmsS B \n-e- am-dn. Np-cp-ßn-b h¿-j-߃-°p≈n¬ tIm¨-{K- n-s\ H-cp _-lp-P-\-{]-ÿm-
C
22 A¥¿[m-c
\-am-°n h-f¿-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\v Km-‘n-°v I-gn-™p. N-ºm-c-\n-se \o-ew I¿-j-I¿-°pth-≠n \-S-Øn-b {]-t£m-`-hpw 1921˛-se knhn¬ B-⁄m-ew-L-\-hpw a-e-_m¿ I-em-]Øn-\p \¬-In-b ]n-¥p-W-bpw, sXm-´p-Iq-Sm-bva-bv-°pw A-bn-Øm-N-c-W-Øn-\pw F-Xn-cm-bn kzo-I-cn-® \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fpw A-t±-l-sØ F-√mhn-`m-Kw P-\-ß-fp-tS-bpw {]n-b-¶-c t\-Xm-hm°n am-‰n. H-cp h-i-Øv Km-‘n-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tIm¨-{K- v C-¥y≥ P-\-X-sb H-∂m-sI {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂ {]-ÿm-\-am-bn h-f¿-∂t∏mƒ, tIm¨-{K-t -X-c-am-b _-Z¬ cm-jv-{Sob {]-ÿm-\-ß-fpw a-dp-h-i-Øv h-f¿-® {]m]n-®p Xp-S-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. ap-l-Ω-Z-en Pn-∂-bp-sS ap-…ow-eo-Kpw a-Z≥-tam-l≥ am-f-hy-bpw em-eme-Pv-]-Xv dm-bn-bpw Iq-Sn B-cw-`n-® ln-μp-a-lmk-`-bpw tIm¨-{K- n-\v _-Z-em-bn D-b¿-∂ph-∂ cm-jv-{So-b {]-ÿm-\-ß-fm-bn. F-∂m¬ A-h C-¥y≥ P-\-X-sb H-∂m-sI {]-Xn-\n-[m\w sN-øp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Nn-e {]-tXy-I hn`m-Kw P-\-ß-sf am-{Xw {]-Xn-\n-[m-\w sN-øp∂-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tZ-io-b-X-bpw a-tX-X-c-Xz-hpw
k¿-Δ-P-\ -A-`n-hr-≤n-bpw tIm¨-{K- n-s‚ apJ-ap-{Z-If - m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw hn-`m-Ko-ba - m-bn-cp-∂p tIm¨-{K- v hn-cp-≤-cm-jv-{So-b-Øn-s‚ ap-Jap-{Z. 1885˛¬ B-cw-`n-®-Xp-ap-X¬, {]-tXy-In-®v 1914 ap-X¬, kzm-X-{¥yw e-`n-® 1947 h-sc tIm¨-{K- v H-cp {]-ÿm-\-hpw A-tX-k-a-bw X-s∂ H-cp cm-jv-{So-b-]m¿-´n-bpw B-bn-cp-∂p. tIm¨-{K- v ]-e ]m¿-´n-I-fpw H-∂p-tN¿-∂ Hcp ]m¿-´n-bpw ]-e {]-ÿm-\-߃ Dƒ-s°m≈p-∂ H-cp a-lm-{]-ÿm-\h - pw B-bn-cp-∂p. km{am-Py-Xz-hn-cp-≤ t]m-cm-´-Øn-s‚ ap-∂-Wn-bn¬ \n¬-°p-tºm-gpw G-I-in-em-cq-]-Øn-ep-≈ H-cp {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-tam B-i-b kw-ln-X-tbm tIm¨-{K- n-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Um-s¶, kp-μc-ø, tPm-jn, \-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv, Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿ {]Xn-\n-[m-\w sN-bv-X I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv {]-ÿm-\hpw, tem-ly, P-b-{]-Im-iv, \-tc-{μ-tZ-hv, Xp-Sßn-b-h-cp-sS tkm-jy-en-Ãv {]-ÿm-\-hpw, s\lv-dp, ]-t´¬ F-∂n-h-c-S-ßn-b a-≤y-h¿-Øn-Ifpw cm-tP-{μ-{]-km-Zv, cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn XpS-ßn-b h-e-Xp-]-£-°m-cpw, iym-a-{]-km-Zv apJ¿-Pn-sb-t∏m-ep-≈ ln-μp-Xz-hm-Zn-I-fpw ap-lΩ-Zm-en Pn-∂b - pw F-√mw A-Sß - n-bX - m-bn-cp-∂p tIm¨-{K- v. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv ]q¿-Δ tkm-jy-enk-Øn-s‚ k-am-\-[¿-Ω-kz-`m-h-hpw A-cm-P-Ihm-Z-hpw ss]-Xr-I, a-X-_u-≤n-I-X-bpw kmaq-ln-I D-]m-[n-I-fpw Dƒ-t®¿-∂ t\-Xr-Xz-ambn-cp-∂p Km-‘n-bp-tS-Xv. tZ-io-b {]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ `m-K-am-bn {]-h¿-Øn-® t\-Xm-°ƒ F-√mh-cpw X-s∂ Km-‘n-sb I-≠-Xv C-¥y≥ P-\X-sb H-∂m-sI {]-Xn-\n-[m-\w sN-øp-∂ t\-
Xm-hv F-∂ \n-e-bv-°m-Wv. F-∂m¬, Km-‘nbp-sS Cu k-hn-ti-j ÿm-\w Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p sIm-Sp-°m≥ tUm.-Aw-t_-Zv-°¿ X-øm-dm-bn-cp∂n-√. tIm¨-{K- n-s‚ `m-K-am-Im-sX tZ-iob {]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \n-d-™p-\n-∂ H-tc H-cp t\-Xm-hv Aw-t_-Zv-°¿ am-{X-am-Wv. tIm¨-{K p-am-bp-≈ _-‘-Øn-s‚ Im-cy-Øn¬ I-ΩyqWn-Ãp-Iƒ c-≠p X-´n-em-bn-cp-∂p. Km-‘n-°pw tIm¨-{K- n-\pw am-{X-ta kzm-X-{¥y-{]m-]v-Xnbn-te-°v cm-Py-sØ \-bn-°m≥ I-gn-bp-I-bp≈q F-∂v H-cp hn-`m-Kw I-cp-Xn. tIm¨-{K- ns\ H-cp {]-Xn-tem-a, ^yq-U¬ i-‡n-bm-bn-´mWv a-dp-hn-`m-Kw I-cp-Xn-b-Xv. tkm-jy-en-Ãp-Itfm-sSm-∏w A-h¿ tIm¨-{K- v tkm-jy-en-Ãv ]m¿-´n-bn-epw X-Zzm-c, tIm¨-{K- n-epw Aw-Kß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. {]m-tZ-in-I-am-b ]-e {]-ÿm\-ß-fpw D-b¿-∂p h-∂-t∏mƒ A-h-sb-sb-√mw Dƒ-t®¿-°p-∂-Xn-\v tIm¨-{K- n-\v I-gn-™p. F-∂m¬ kzm-X-{¥ym-\-¥-cw D-b¿-∂p h-∂ ]e cm-jv{- So-b[ - m-cI - ƒ, am¿-Ivk - n-Ãv, ]m¿-iz-h¬Ir-X cm-jv-{So-bw, km-{am-Py-Xz-˛ ap-X-em-fn-Ø hn-cp-≤-cm-jv-So-bw, Aw-t_-Zv-°-ssd-‰v cm-jv-{Sobw, ln-μp-Xz-cm-jv-{So-bw F-∂n-h kq-Nn-∏n-°p∂-Xv P-\-X-sb H-∂m-sI {]-Xn-\n-[m-\w sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-≈ tIm¨-{K- n-s‚ {i-a-߃ `mKn-I-am-bn am-{X-ta hn-P-bn-®p-≈q F-∂m-Wv. C-cp-]-Xmw \q-‰m-≠n-s‚ B-Zy-Z-i-I-ß-fnse kw-`-h-߃ km-aq-ln-I-hpw cm-jv-{So-b-hpam-b ssh-cp-≤y-߃ A-[n-I-cn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. `m-Kn-I {]m-Xn-\n-[y-kz-`m-h-ap-≈ k¿-°mcp-I-fp-sS B-hn¿-`m-hw tIm¨-{K- n-\p-≈n-epw _-Z¬-I-£n-I-fn-epw a-’-cm-[n-jvTn-X cm-jv-{So-
A¥¿[m-c
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b-Øn-\v h-gn-sX-fn-®p. C-Xv tIm¨-{K- n-\p≈n¬ hn-hn-[ {Kq-∏p-I-fp-sS B-hn¿-`m-h-Øn\pw Im-c-W-am-bn. tIm¨-{K- n-s‚ ^yq-U¬˛_q¿-jzm kz-`m-h-hpw A-Xn-\p-≈n-se L-S-\bpw Im-c-Ww s]-cn-tbm¿ ap-t∂m-´p-sh-® tPmen kw-h-c-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈ B-h-iyw Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-√. A-t±-lw tIm¨-{K- v hn-´v P-Ãn-kv ]m¿-´n-°v cq-]w \¬-In. I¿-j-Itcm-Spw sXm-gn-em-fn-I-tfm-Spw D-≈ \n-e-]m-SpI-fn-epw c-≠mw tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn-¬ {_n´-t\m-Sv kzo-I-cn-t°-≠p-∂ \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fn-ep-ap≈ hn-tbm-Pn-∏p sIm-≠v I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãp-I-fpw
tIm¨-{K- v hn-´p. {_n-´-t\m-Sp-≈ k-ao-]-\Øn¬ I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãp-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬ hy-Xy-kv-X\n-e-]m-Sp-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tkm-hn-b-‰v bq-Wnb≥ tZ-io-b-{]-ÿm-\-Øn-\v i-‡-am-b ]n-¥pW \¬-In-bn-cp-∂p. tIm¨-{K- n-t‚-Xv _q¿jzm t\-Xr-Xz-am-bn-cp-∂p F-∂-Xv A-h¿-°v {]iv-\-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. c-≠mw tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤Øn¬ {_n-´-s‚ ]-¶m-fn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. P-∏ms‚ ssN- \ o- k v A- [ n- \ n- t h- i - Ø n- s \- X n- s c tIm¨-{K- v i-‡-am-b \n-e-]m-Sm-Wv kzo-Icn-®-Xv. tIm¨-{K- n-s‚ hn-tZ-i-Im-cy-h-Ip-∏v 1938˛¬ {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-® e-Lp-te-J km-{am-PyXz A-[n-\n-th-i-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bpw a-\p-jym-hIm-i-Øn-\p th-≠n-bp-ap-≈ C-¥y≥ P-\-Xbp-sS i-‡a - m-b k-tμ-ia - m-bn-cp-∂p. tUm.-temly-bm-bn-cp-∂p B e-Lp-te-J X-øm-dm-°n-bXv. tZ-icm-jv-{S-Øn-s‚ cq-]-hpw ]u-c-Xz-Øns‚ kz-`m-h-hpw ]-c-am-[n-Im-c-hpw kw-_-‘n® hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ ap-…ow-eo-Kpw ln-μp-a-lm-k`-bpw ]p-Xn-b H-cp bp-≤-ap-Jw Xp-d-∂p. c-≠p{]-_-e- a-X hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sS {]m-Xn-\n-[yw A-
24 A¥¿[m-c
h-Im-i-s∏-´p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p A-h¿ \n-e-sIm≠-Xv. C-¥y≥- P-\-X-sb sam-Ø-am-bn {]-Xn\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂p F-∂ tIm¨-{K- n-s‚ A-hIm-i-hm-Z-sØ A-h¿ sh-√p-hn-fn-®p. cm-jv-{Sw kzm-X-{¥y-{]m-]v-Xn-bn-te-°v k-ao-]n-°p-t¥mdpw A-h¿ tIm¨-{K- v hn-cp-≤-cm-jv-{So-bw i‡-am-°n. H-Sp-hn¬ A-Xv C-¥y-bp-sS hn-`-P\-Øn¬ I-em-in-®p. 1947˛¬ kzm-X-{¥y-{]m-]v-Xn-°p-ti-jw A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h-∂ ]-Wv-Un-‰v s\-lv-dp-hn-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ D-≠m-b tIm¨-{K- v k¿-°mcn-\v C-¥y≥ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ A-{]-Xn-tcm[y-am-b ÿm-\a - m-Wp-≠m-bn-cp∂-Xv. F-∂m¬, Xp-S¿-®-bm-bp≠m-b ]n-f¿-∏p-I-fpw B-¥-cnI-am-bp-≠m-b hn-tbm-Pn-∏p-Ifpw tIm¨-{K- n-s\ Zp¿-∫-eam- ° n. Nn- e - t ∏m- s g- ¶ n- e pw tIm¨-{K-t -X-c cm-jv-{So-b ]m¿-´n-Iƒ-°v sX-c-s™-Sp-∏pI- f n¬ D- ≠ m- b hn- P - b w tIm¨-{K- n-s‚ A-{]-am-Zn-XzØn-\p t\-sc i-‡-am-b sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ D-b¿-Øn. 1962˛se ssN-\m-bp-≤-Øn-ep-≠m-b Z-b\ - o-b ]-cm-Pb - s - Ø-Xp-S¿-∂v 1963˛¬ \-S-∂ D-]-sX-c-s™Sp-∏p-I-fn¬ tIm¨-{K-t -X-c I-£n-Iƒ A-`q-X-]q¿-Δ-am-b hn-P-b-am-Wv t\-Sn-b-Xv. C-¥y≥ P-\-X-sb samØ- a m- b n {]- X n- \ n- [ m- \ w sN- ø p- ∂ p F- ∂ tIm¨-{K- n-s‚ A-h-Im-i-hm-Zw s]m-≈-bmsW-∂v t_m-≤y-am-bn. tIm¨-{K- n-\v _-Z-emb H-cp P-\-Io-b-cm-jv-{So-b-Øn-s‚ km-≤y-X t_m-≤y-s∏-´p. 1950˛¬ k¿-Zm¿ ]-t´-en-s‚ a-c-W-tØmsS tIm¨-{K- n¬ s\-lv-dp-hn-s‚ t\-Xr-Xzw tNm-Zyw sN-ø-s∏-Sm-Ø H-∂m-bn. {]-[m-\-a-{¥n ]-Z-Øn-te-°v s\-lv-dp-hn-s‚ i-‡-\m-b F-Xncm-fn-bm-bn-cp-∂p ]-t´¬. Im-iv-ao¿ hn-j-b-Ønepw ln-μp-°-fp-sS A-h-Im-iw kw-_-‘n-®pw \yq-\-]-£-ß-fp-sS c-£-bp-sS Im-cy-Øn-epw Sn-_-‰n-s‚ hn-j-b-Øn-epw s\-lv-dp-hp-am-bn ISp-Ø hn-tbm-Pn-∏v ]-t´-en-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 1954 ˛¬ s\-lv-dp tkm-jy-en-kw tIm¨-{K- n-s‚ \-b-am-bn {]-Jym-]n-®-t∏mƒ, A-Xn-s‚ Im-]Syw tNm-Zyw sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v Nu-[-cn N-c¨knw-Kv cw-K-Øp-h-cn-I-bp-≠m-bn. s\-lv-dp-hn-s‚ km-º-Øn-I \-b-߃-°v _-Z-em-bn Im¿-jnI k-º-Zv-L-S-\-bp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈ H-
cp km-º-Øn-I-\-bw N-c¨-kn-ßv A-h-X-cn∏n-°p-Ib - p-≠m-bn. tIm¨-{K- n- h - pw tIm¨{K-t -X-c-Xz-hpw A-ß-s\ s\-lv-dp-hn-s\ Np‰n-∏-‰n-bm-bn. tIm¨-{K-t -X-c ]m¿-´n-I-fp-sS cm-jv-{Sobw tIm¨-{K- n-t\m-Sp-≈ A-h-cp-sS k-ao-]\-sØ A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp-≈-Xm-bn. ]n.-kn.tPm- j n- s b- t ∏m- e p- ≈ I- Ω yq- W n- à p- I ƒ tIm¨-{K- p-am-bn D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø k-l-I-cWw `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS N-´-°q-Sn-\p-≈n¬ km≤y-am-sW-∂v I-cp-Xn-b-h-cm-Wv. Xo-{h-ln-μp-Xzhm-Zn-I-fm-b B¿.-F-kv.-F-kn-s\ t\-cn-Sm≥ AXm-h-iy-am-sW-∂v A-h¿ I-cp-Xn. A-h¿ s\lv-dp-hn-s‚ ]-©-h-’-c B-kq-{X-W ]-cn-]mSn- I - s f ]n- ¥ p- W - ® p. F- ∂ m¬ c- W - Z n- s h sse≥ kzo-I-cn-®-h¿ tIm¨-{K- v A-\p-Iqen-I-sf ^yq-U¬ _q¿-jzm Xn-cp-ج-hm-ZnI-sf-∂v hn-ti-jn-∏n-®p. A-h¿ km-{am-Py-XzØn-s‚ N-´p-I-ß-fm-sW-∂pw, _-Z-em-bn, P-\Io-b P-\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-π-h-am-Wv D-≠m-th-≠-sX∂pw hm-Zn-®p. e-£yw t\-Sp-∂-Xn-\v A-{I-a-Øns‚ am¿-§w kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw A-h¿-°v aSn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. I¿-j-I-cp-tS-bpw sXm-gn-em-fnI-fp-tS-Xp-am-b A-{I-a-Øn-eq-∂n-b km-bp-[-{]t£m-`-߃ cm-Py-Øn-s‚ ]-e-`m-K-ß-fn-epw D-b¿-∂p-h-∂-t∏mƒ _m-e-yIm-e A-cn-jv-S-XIƒ t\-cn-´n-cp-∂ C-¥y≥ P-\m-[n-]-Xyw Acm-P-I-Xz-Øn-te-°v ho-Wp t]m-Ip-tam F-∂v B-i-¶-s∏-´ \m-fp-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p A-Xv. A-{I-ac-ln-Xh - pw P-\m-[n-]X - y-aq-ey-ßf - n¬ A-[n-jvTnX-hp-am-b _-lp-P-\-{]-t£m-`-ß-fn-eq-sS IΩyq-Wn-Ãv ]-≤-Xn-I-sf \n-jv-{]-`-am-°n C¥y≥ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-sØ X-I¿-®-bn¬-\n-∂v c£n-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\v tkm-jy-en-Ãp-Iƒ-°v Ign-™p. 1948˛¬ tIm¨-{K- v tkm-jy-en-Ãv ]m¿´n tIm¨-{K- p-am-bp-≈ _-‘w A-h-km-\n∏n-®p. tkm-jy-en-Ãv ]m¿-´n D-≠m-bn. C-¥ymhn-`-P-\-Øn¬ A-h¿ tIm¨-{K- n-s\-Xn-cm-bncp-∂p. s\-lv-dp-hn-t‚-bpw ]-t´-en-t‚-bpw A-[nIm-c-s°m-Xn-bm-Wv hn-`-P-\-Øn-te-°v \-bn-®sX-∂-h¿ I-cp-Xn. C-¥y≥ tZ-io-b {]-ÿm\-sØ tIm¨-{K- v H-‰p-sIm-Sp-Øp F-∂-h¿ hn-iz-kn-®p. C-¥y≥ `-c-W-L-S-\ cm-Py-Ønse ap-gp-h≥ P-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw A-`n-em-j-߃ {]-Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-X-s√-∂v A-h¿ Ip-‰-s∏-SpØn. \-tc-{μ-tZ-hv, P-b-{]-Im-iv, sP.-_n.-Ir-]em-\n F-∂n-h-cp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ H-cp P-\Io-b `-c-W-L-S-\-bv-°v A-h¿ cq-]w \¬-In. I¿-j-I¿, B-Zn-hm-kn-Iƒ, Z-fn-X¿, sXm-gn-em-
fn-Iƒ F-∂n-h-sc A-Wn-\n-c-Øn _-lp-P-\{]-t£m-`-߃ kw-L-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-´p. am¿-Iv-knk-Øn¬ \n-∂v hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn tkm-jy-enk-Øn-\v H-cp C-¥y≥ h-I-t`-Zw \n¿-t±-in-°s∏-´p. tkm-jy-en-Ãv ]m¿-´n-°v {]-Xy-b im-kv{X-]-c-am-b \-h-cq-]w \¬-In-b-Xv tem-ly-bmbn-cp-∂p. C-¥y≥ km-aq-ln-I km-l-N-cy-ßsf hn-e-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\v h¿-§-Øn-\v ]-I-cw h¿-Æw (Pm-Xn˛km-aq-ln-I L-S-\) F-∂ kw⁄-bv-°v cq-]w sIm-Sp-Øp. km-aq-ln-I ]-cnh¿-Ø-\-Øn-\v tÃ-‰n-\v ]-I-cw P-\-Io-b C-—sb {]-Xn-jvTn-®p. Pm-Xn, k-ap-Zm-bw, k-aq-lw F-∂o kw-⁄-Iƒ km-aq-ln-I-im-kv-{X-Øns‚ `m-K-am-bn. cm-jv-{S-\n¿-Ωm-W {]-{In-b-bpsS `m-K-am-bn {Xn-`m-jm ]-≤-Xn-bpw A-Xn-s‚ `m-K-am-bn ln-μn-bp-sS A-an-X-{]m-[m-\y-hpw apX-se-Sp-Øv X-an-gv-\m-´n¬ tI-{μ-hn-cp-≤-{]-t£m`-Øn-s‚ ap-∂-Wn-bn¬ Un.-Fw.-sI. cw-K-{]th-iw sN-bv-Xp. a-‰p ]-e kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-epw sN-dp-Xpw h-ep-Xp-am-b {]m-tZ-in-I I-£n-Iƒ D-Z-bw sIm-≠p. {I-ta-W tIm¨-{K- n-s‚ IpØ-I A-kv-X-an-®p Xp-S-ßn. a-dp-h-i-Øv, Xo-{h-h-e-Xp-]-£ kw-L-S-\I-fm-b cm-jv-{So-b kz-bw tk-h-I-kw-L-hpw (B¿.-F-kv.-F-kv) ln-μp-a-lm-k-`-bpw i-‡n{]m-]n-®p. _w-Kmƒ hn-`-P-\-sØ tIm¨-{K- v ^-e-{]-Z-am-bn sN-dp-Øn-√ F-∂-Xn¬ F-Xn¿∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂ iym-a-{]-km-Zv ap-J¿-Pn tIm¨{K- v hn-´v ln-μp-al - m-k` - b - n¬ tN¿-∂p. ap-…ow eo-Kp-am-bn tN¿-∂v Ip-d-®p-Im-ew ln-μp-a-lmk-` _w-Km-fn¬ A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬ Xp-S¿-∂p. Izn-‰n-¥ym-k-a-c-Im-e-Øv k-a-c-t]m-cm-fn-I-sf {_n-´o-jv ]-´m-fØ - n-\v ]n-Sn-®p sIm-Sp-°p-∂ tPmen-bm-Wv B-`y-¥-c-a-{¥n-sb-∂ \n-e-bn¬ iyma-{]-km-Zv ap-J¿-Pn sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. A-{X-bv-°p≠m-bn-cp-∂p B¿.-F-kv.-F-kn-t‚-bpw ln-μp-alm-k-`-bp-tS-bpw tZ-io-b-t_m-[w. F-∂m¬ s\-lv-dp-hn-s‚ B-Zy-a-{¥n-k-`-bn¬ iym-a-{]km-Zv ap-J¿-Pn hy-h-km-b-Øn-s‚-bpw s]m-Xphn-X-c-W-Øn-t‚-bpw Np-a-X-e-bp-≈ a-{¥n-bmbn. Im-iv-ao¿ hn-j-b-Øn-epw ap-…ow-\yq-\-]£-Øn-s‚ ]-cn-c-£-bp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ hnj-b-Øn-epw s\-lv-dp-hp-am-bn sX-‰n-∏n-cn-™v a-{¥n-k-`-bn¬ \n-∂v cm-Pn-sh-®v, ln-μp-a-lmk-`-sb `m-c-Xo-b P-\-kw-L-sa-∂ t]-cn¬ ]p\-kw-L-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ap-Jy-]-¶v h-ln-®p. A-ß-s\, h-©-\m-]-c-am-b \n-e-]m-Sm-Wv iyma-{]-km-Zv ap-J¿-Pn-°v tZ-io-b {]-ÿm-\-tØmSv D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. (te-J-\-Øn-s‚ _m-°n-`m-Kw A-Sp-Ø-e-°-Øn¬)
A¥¿[m-c
25
tIm-hn-Uv Im-e-sØ
km-[m-c-W-°m-c-s‚ Po-hn-Xw k-\o-jv ]-\-ßm-Sv
tIm-
hn-Uv Im-esØ A-S-®p-]q-´¬ A-Xv {]-Xntcm-[-tam I-cp-X-tem F-∂-Xn-\∏p-d-Øp A-Xn-s‚ `m-cw A-\p-`hn-°p-∂-Xv H-cp-Iq-´¿ am-{X-ambn t]m-hp-∂p. D-≈n¬ I-Ø-epam-bn Po-hn-Xw X-≈n-\o-°p-∂ Hcp km-[m-c-W a-\p-jy-\v Xm-ßmhp-∂p-t≠m `-c-W-Iq-Sw, Cu Ime-Øv. a-‰v C-¥y≥ kw-ÿm-\ß-tf-°mƒ Po-hn-X-\n-e-hm-cw Db¿-∂ tI-c-f-Øn¬ H-tcm km[m-c-W-°m-c-\pw Po-hn-Xw X-≈n \o-°p-∂-Xv h-f-sc I-jv-S-s∏-´n-´m-Wv. ho-Sv sh-°m-\pw a-°-fp-sS hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-am-bn _m-¶p-I-fn¬ \n-∂v tem¨ F-Sp-Ø-h¿, C-cp-N-{I-hm-l-\-tem¨, sI.-F-kv.-F-^v.-C. Nn-´n, ho-´p-hm-S-I C-ßs\ _-‘n-°-s∏-´m-Wv Hm-tcm km-[m-c-W a-\p-jy-t‚-bpw Po-hn-Xw. A-h-cp-sS temWn-s‚ ]-en-i-bpw ]n-g ]-en-i-bpw H-gn-hm-°n-sIm-Sp-Øp A-h-sc tN¿-Øp-]n-Sn-°m≥ F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv s]mXptaJem [\Imcyÿm-]-\-߃ t]m-epw X-øm-dm-hm-ØXv? In-‰p-sIm-≠v ]-cn-l-cn-°m≥ ]-‰p-∂ e-fn-X-am-b hn-j-b-ß-fm-tWm C-sXm-s°? k¿-°m¿ th-X-\w ssI-∏-‰p-∂ D-tZym-K-ÿ¿-°v A-S-®n-S¬ Im-e-Øv t]m-epw ap-gp-h≥ th-X-\-hpw B-\p-Iq-ey-ß-fpw \¬-Im≥ `-c-W-Iq-S-Øn-\p a-s‰m-∂pw X-S -am-hp-∂n-√. D-’-h-_-Ø-bpw t_m-W- pw Ir-Xy-am-bn X-s∂ k¿-°m¿ kw-hn-[m-\w D-d∏p h-cp-Øp-∂p. tI-h-ew t\¿-]-Ip-Xn am-{Xw Po-h-\-°m¿ tPm-en-°v lm-P-cm-bm¬ a-Xn. kv-Iq-fp-Iƒ Xp-d-∂n-t´-bn-√. Hm¨-sse-\n¬ H-cp hn-`m-Kw A-≤ym-]-I¿ kPo-h-am-bn A-h-cp-sS km-aq-ln-I {]-Xn-_-≤-X \n-d-th-‰p-tºmƒ C-sXm-∂pw \-Ωsf _m-[n-°p-∂ G¿-∏m-S-√ F-∂ a-´n¬ a-s‰m-cp hn-`m-Kw D-≠v. A-h-cpw k¿-°m-cns‚ I-cp-X-en¬ X-s∂... A-Xn-sem-∂pw ]-cm-Xn-bn-√. F-∂m¬ X-t‚-X-√m-Ø Im-cW-ß-fm¬ sXm-gn¬ \-jv-S-am-b-h¿-°p Po-h-\mw-i-sa-¶n-epw sIm-Sp-t°-t≠. I-S-I-fn¬ tPm-en-°v \n¬-°p-∂-h¿, _- v sXm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ, Hm-t´m sXm-gn-emfn-Iƒ, \n-Xy-°q-en-°v ]-Wn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-h¿ C-h-scm-s° F-ßs\ Po-hn-°p-∂p Cu A-S-®p-]q-´-en¬? e-£-߃ ]-e ÿ-e-Øp \n-∂pw tem-Wm-bpw ]-en-i-s°-SpØpw kw-cw-`w Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cp-sS ÿn-Xn-sb-¥v? \m¬-∏-tXm-fw t]¿ C-Xn-\-Iw Bfl-l-Xy sN-bv-Xp. \n¿-`m-Ky-hm-∑m-cpw \n- -lm-b-cpw Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \n-∂v Hm-Snsbm-fn-°p-tºmƒ ssI-Øm-ßm-tI-≠-Xv B-cm-Wv?
26 A¥¿[m-c
Hm¿-Ω: sK-bv¬ Hmw-sh-Zv-Xv -
-¥y≥ km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ `q-an, Pm-Xn, enw-K-hn-th-N\w, ]m-{Sn-bm¿-°n F-∂o {]-iv-\-ß-sf ap≥-\n¿-Øn i-‡-am-b C-S-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \-S-Øn-b km-aq-ln-I im-kv-{X-⁄-bpw B-Œn-hnÃp-am-bn-cp-∂p sK-bv¬ Hmw-sh-Zv-Xv. s^an-\n-Ãv cm-{„o-b Nn-¥-I-sf Pm-Xn-bpam-bn tN¿-Øv ]Tn-°p-I-bpw C-¥y≥ km-aq-ln-I bm-Ym¿-Yy-ß-tfm-Sv {]-XnI-cn-°p-I-bpw, {]-h¿-Øn-°p-I-bpw sNbv-Xp F-∂-Xm-Wv A-h-cp-sS au-en-IX. a-lm-flm ^q-te-bp-tS-bpw Aw-t_Zv-I-dn-s‚-bpw X-´-I-am-b a-lm-cm-{„-bnem-Wv A-h-cp-sS _u-≤n-I C-S-s]-S-epIƒ B-cw-`n-®-Xv. _p-≤, a-lm-flm ^qse, Aw-t_-Zv-I¿ Nn-¥-I-sf A-Sn-ÿm\-am-°n \n-c-h-[n ap-t∂-‰-߃-°v Ah¿ t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ccp-]-Ø-t©m-fw ]p-kv-X-I-߃ c-Nn-®p. H-cp am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv B-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ X-s∂ C-¥y≥ I-ayq-Wn-Ãp-I-tfm-Sv PmXn, h¿-Kw Xp-Sß - n-b hn-jb - ß - f - n¬ Ah¿ I-e-ln-®p. A-tX k-a-bw am¿-Ivkn-s‚ ap-X-em-fn-Ø-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈ k-ao-]-\w \n-tj-[m-fl-I-a-s√-∂pw kzX-{¥-hym-]m-cw, B-tKm-fo-I-c-Ww XpS-ßn-b-h am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp bp-‡n-°-\p-kcn-®p-≈-Xm-sW-∂pw C-¥y-bn-se I-ayqWn-Ãp-I-fp-sS C-h-tbm-Sp-≈ F-Xn¿ \ne-]m-Sp-I-tfm-Sv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv ]-£-Øp\n-∂p sIm-≠v hn-tbm-Pn-®p-≈ F-gpØp-I-fpw A-h¿ \-S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. 1960 ¬ A-ta-cn-°-bn-se _p-≤n-Po-hnIƒ-°n-S-bn¬ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂ Nn-¥-I-sf ]n≥-]-‰n C-¥y-°v Iq-Sn A-\p-tbm-Pyam-b G-jy≥ tkm-jy-en-k-sØ-°p-dn-®v ]-d-™n-cp-∂-t∏m-gpw k-a-Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ k-a-{K-am-b Z¿-i-\-sØ a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ A-h¿ ]-cm-P-b-s∏-´p-sh-∂v ]-d-bmsX h-ø. D-Xv-]m-Z-\-i-‡n-I-fp-sS hn-Im-k-sØ kw-_-‘n-®v A-h¿ ]n≥-]-‰n-b am¿-Ivkn-Ãp [m-c-W-bpw kz-X-{¥-hym-]m-c-tØ-bpw B-tKm-fo-I-c-W Im-e-sØ km-º-ØnI- h-f¿-®-sb-bpw ]n-¥p-W-® \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fpw A-Xv km-£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. F-∂m¬ {_m-“-Wn-I B-i-b-ß-sf I-S-]p-g-°n-sb-dn-™ F-gp-Øp-I-fp-sS-bpw ssk-≤m-¥n-I C-S-s]-S-ep-I-fp-sS-bpw t]-cn¬ sK-bv¬ Hmw-sh-Zv-Xn-\v C-¥y≥ km-aq-ln-I im-kv-{X afi-e-Øn¬ X-s‚-Xm-b H-cn-cn-∏n-S-ap-≠v.
C
C-¥y-bp-sS km-aq-ln-I bm-Ym¿-Yy-ß-sf Xn-cn-®-dn-™ s^-an-\n-Ãv
A¥¿[m-c
27
B-K-kv-Xv 10 \v tem-lym hn-Nm-c-th-Zn kw-L-Sn-∏n-® in-h-cm-a `m-c-Xn A-\p-kv-a-c-W sh-_n-\m¿: dn-t∏m¿-´v h-cm-a-`m-c-Xn-bp-sS C-S-Xv I-Æn-s‚ Im-gv-Ni‡n \-„-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. [o-c-X-bp-sS-bpw Xym-K-Øn-s‚-bpw ]-cymb-am-b in-h-cm-a-`m-c-Xn tkm-jy-en-Ãv ]m¿-´nbp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \-S-∂ I-®v k-a-c-Øn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Ø tI-c-f-Øn-se tem-lym tkm-jyen-Ãp-Iƒ-°v t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In. k-a-c-Øn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Ø-Xv H-cp hn-`m-Kw tkm-jy-en-Ãp-Iƒ tkm-jy-en-Ãv ]m¿-´n D-t]-£n-®v A-[n-Im-cØ - ns‚ h-gn-Iƒ tX-Sn-b-t∏m-gm-Wv. A-Sn-b-¥n-cmh-ÿ Im-e-Øv Zo¿-L-Im-ew X-S-hn¬ I-gn-
B-K-kv-Xv 10 \v tem-lym hn-Nm-cth-Zn-bp-sS B-`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ in-h-cm-a `m-c-Xn A-\p-kv-a-c-Ww \--S-∂p
in-hc- m-a`- m-cX - n: hnπhImcnbmb tkm-jy-en-Ãv X-øm-dm-°n-bX - v:
A-Uz. ]n. d-Pn-\m¿-°v
tI
-c-f-Øn-se tkm-jy-en-Ãv t\Xm-°-fn¬ [o-c-X-bp-sS-bpw Xym-K-Øn-s‚-bpw {]-Xo-I-am-Wv in-h-cm-a-`m-c-Xn. Xn-cp˛sIm-®n \nb-a-k-`-bn-epw, tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`-bn-epw Aw-Kam-bn-cp-∂ `m-c-Xn-bm¿ A-\o-Xn-tbm-Sv bm-sXmcp A-\p-c-Rv-P-\-Øn-\pw X-øm-dm-hm-Ø-Xn-s‚ t]-cn¬ tkm-jy-en-Ãv tN-cn-bn¬ H-‰s - ∏-´p t]mb t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂p. tem-ly-bp-sS B-i-b-ß-fm-Wv in-h-cm-a-`mc-Xn-sb G-‰h - pw Iq-Sp-X¬ kzm-[o-\n-®s - X-∂pw, Po-hn-X-Øn-ep-S-\o-fw A-t±-lw tkm-jy-en-Ãv B-i-b-ß-fp-sS I-cp-Øp-‰ h-‡m-hm-bn-cp-∂psh-∂pw A-\p-kv-a-c-W {]-`m-j-Ww \-S-Øn-b X-In-Sn Ir-jv-W≥ \m-b¿ A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p. 1971¬ A-®p-X-ta-t\m≥ a-{¥nk-` `q-cn-]£w e-`n-°m-sX kv-]o-°-dp-sS Im-Ãnw-Kv thm´v t\-Sn A-[n-Im-cw \n-e-\n¿-Øm≥ {i-an-®t∏mƒ P-\m-[n-]-Xy aq-ey-ß-fp-sS ew-L-\-amsW-∂v Nq-≠n-°m-´n tkm-jy-en-Ãv ]m¿-´n-bpsS \n-b-a-k-`m-I-£n t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂ in-hcm-a-`m-c-Xn-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ap-Jy-a-{¥n-bpsS h-k-Xn-bn-te-°v am¿-®v \-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. AtX Xp-S¿-∂v \-S-∂ t]m-eo-kn-s‚ a¿-±-\w in-
28 A¥¿[m-c
tb-≠n h-∂ in-h-cm-a-`m-c-Xn tcm-Km-Xp-c-am-b A-h-ÿ-bn-se-Øn. tkm-jy-en-Ãv ]m¿-´n P\-Xm-]m¿-´n-bn¬ e-bn-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-Sv A-t±-lw hn-tbm-Pn-°p-I-bpw tI-c-f-Øn-se tkm-jy-enÃv ]m¿-´n {]-ta-bw ]m-km-°n tZ-io-b t\-XrXz-Øn-\v A-b-bv-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. P-\-Xm]m¿-´n 1977¬ A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h-∂p. P-\-Xm]m¿-´n cq-]w \¬-In-b-t∏mƒ P-\-kw-Lw F∂ ]m¿-´n-bpw A-Xn¬ e-bn-®p. F-∂m¬ P-\kw-L-Øn¬ \n-∂pw a-{¥n-am-cm-b hm-Pv-t]bn-bpw A-Zzm-\n-bpw e-b-\ [m-c-W ew-Ln-®v B¿.F-kv.F-kv. {Un-√p-I-fn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw B¿.F-kv.F-kv sa-º¿-jn-∏v Xp-S-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Iq-Sm-sX B¿.F-kv.F-kv. _-‘-s∏´ P-\-kw-Lw P-\-Xm-]m¿-´n ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-°m≥ B-kq-{Xn-X \o-°-߃ B-cw-`n-®p. tkm-jyen-Ãv t\-Xm-°-fm-b cm-Pv-\m-cm-b-Wpw, a-[p-enam-sb-bpw B¿.F-kv.F-kn-s‚ P-\-Xm-]m¿-´n ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-°m-\p-≈ B-kq-{Xn-X \o-°-ß-sf sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw {]-[m-\-a-{¥n sam-dm¿-Pn tZ-im-bn-tbm-Sv P-\-kw-Lw t\-Xm-°ƒ-°v FXn-sc \-S-]-Sn kzo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂v B-h-iy-s∏Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. tkm-jy-en-Ãv t\-Xm-°-fn¬
H-cp hn-`m-Kw cm-Pv\m-cm-b¨, a-[p-en-am-sb F∂n-h-tcm-sSm-∏w \n¬-°p-∂-Xn-\v ]-I-cw A-[nIm-cw I-øm-fp-∂-Xn-\m-Wv Xm¬-∏-cyw Im-Wn®-Xv. Cu Im-e-b-f-hn-epw B-Z¿-i-hpw A-[nIm-c-hpw X-Ωn-ep-f-hm-b th¿-]n-cn-b-en-epw BZ¿-i-Øn-s‚ ]-£-Øv \n-∂ `m-c-Xn-bm¿ tIc-fw I-≠ F-∂-tØ-bpw G-‰-hpw h-en-b tkmjy-en-Ãv t\-Xm-hm-Wv. B¿.F-kv.F-kv hn-jb-Øn¬ P-\-Xm-]m¿-´n ]n-f¿-∂p P-\-Xm-]m¿´n (sk-°p-e¿) cq-]w \¬-In-b-t∏mƒ cm-Pv \mcm-b-W-\pw a-[p-en-am-sb-°pw H-∏w in-h-cm-a`m-c-Xn-bpw P-\-Xm-]m¿-´n hn-´p. cm-Pv \m-cm-bW-\pw a-[p-en-am-sb-bpw in-h-cm-a-`m-c-Xn-bp-ambn-cp-∂p i-cn-bm-b cm-{„o-b Nn-¥-bpw \n-e]m-Spw kzo-I-cn-®-Xv F-∂ h-kv-Xp-X C-∂v Gsd-°p-sd hy-‡-am-bn-´p-≠v. C-t∏mƒ B¿.Fkv. F-kn-s‚ Im¿-an-I-Xz-Øn¬ \-tc-{μ-tam-Zn k¿-°m¿ C-¥y≥ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚ Aÿn-hm-cw tXm-≠p-I-bm-Wv. Cu \o-°w \mev Z-im-–-߃-°p ap-ºv X-s∂ B-kq-{X-Ww sN-ø-s∏-´-sX-¶n-epw tkm-jy-en-Ãp-Iƒ X-S-bpI-bm-bn-cp-∂p. B¿.F-kv.F-kn-s‚ B-kq-{XnX \o-°w A-∂v C-√m-Xm-°n-b-Xv cm-Pv-\m-cm-bWpw a-[p-en-am-sbbp-am-Wv. A-h-tcm-sSm-∏w Xs‚ cm-{„o-b `m-hn ]-W-bw sh-®v \n-e-]m-Sv kzo-I-cn-® in-h-cm-a-`m-c-Xn-°p Xp-ey-\m-bn as‰m-cp t\-Xm-hn-√. A-\p-kv-a-c-W tbm-K-Øn¬ C.sI. {io\n-hm-k≥ A-[y-£-X h-ln-®p. en-Pn-Ir-jvW≥, in-h-cm-a≥, a-e-bn≥-Io-gv i-in-Ip-am¿, i-c-h-W≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿ kw-km-cn-®p.
tI-c-fo-bw am-kn-I Un-Pn-‰¬ am-[y-a cw-K-tØ-°v...]-cn-ÿn-Xn, a-\p-jym-h-Im-iw, km-aqly-\o-Xn Xp-S-ßn tI-c-fo-bw ]n≥-Xp-S-cp∂ F-√m hn-j-b-ß-fpw - aƒ-´n-ao-Un-b t^m¿-am-‰p-I-fn¬ - sh-_v πm-‰v-t^m-an-eqsS hm-b-\-°m-cn-te-°v. Iq-Sm-sX k-]v-X-º¿ ap-X¬ {]n‚ v amkn-I-bpw. ]p-Xn-b hm-b-\m-\p-`-h-ß-fn-te-°v tIc-fo-bw £-Wn-°p-∂p. sh-_v-ssk-‰v en-¶v : http://www.keraleeyammasika.com tI-c-fo-b-Øn-s‚ Web, YouTube, Face book, Instagram F-∂n-h ]-c-am-h-[n share sN-bv-Xpw subscribe sN-bv-Xpw ]n-¥p-W-°p-
a-t√m. _-‘-߃-°v: 9747062146, 9605406943 (whatsapp)
in-h-cm-a-`m-c-Xn-bp-sS Po-h-N-cn-{Xw kzm-X-{¥y k-a-c tk-\m-\n-bpw tkmjy-en-Ãv t\-Xm-hp-am-b k:in-h-cm-a-`m-c-Xnbp-sS Po-h-N-cn-{X c-N-\-bn-em-Wv ]m-e-°mSv Nn-‰q-cn-se km-aq-ln-I {]-h¿-Ø-I-cm-b in-h-cm-a≥, se-Pn-Ir-jv-W≥ F-∂n-h¿. in-h-cm-a-`m-c-Xn-bp-sam-Øv {]-h¿-Øn-® A-\p-`-h-߃ D-≈-h-cpw, A-t±-l-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ A-dn-hp-I-fpw tc-J-I-fpw, {]-kn≤o-I-c-W-ß-fpw ssI-h-i-ap-≈-h-cpw Xm-sg sIm-Sp-Ø \-º-dn¬ _-‘-s∏-´v Po-h-N-cn{X c-N-\-bp-am-bn k-l-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂v A`y¿-Yn-°p-∂p. A-Uz. ]n.c-Pn-\m¿-°v: 9447549946 I¨-ho-\¿ tem-lym hn-Nm-c th-Zn
JANATA Subscription Annual Rs.: 260/ Three Years : 750/ Demand Draft / Cheque on Mumbai Bank in favour of JANATA TRUST D-15, Ganesh Prasad, Naushir Bharucha Marg, Grant Road (W), Mumbai 400 007.
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29
Im-º-bn≥: F≥-tUmkƒ-^m≥
A-c-Po-hn-X-߃-°pw th-t≠ km¿ Po-hn-Xw? BFw.-F.-d-lv-am≥
Zyw \n-߃ R-ß-fp-sS a-°-fp-sS in-c- p-Iƒ-°v C-c-´n h-en-∏w sIm-Sp-Øv Rß-sf tam-ln-∏n-®p. R-߃ hn-Nm-cn-®-Xv C-Xv a-\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn-\v H-c-e-¶m-c-am-sW-∂m-Wv. \nß-fp-sS ssh-Xm-fn-I-∑m-cm-Wv A-Xv ]-d-™p ]-c-Øn-b-sX-∂v R-߃ A-dn-™n-√. R-ßfp-sS C-{μn-b-ß-sf-√mw \n-߃ I-h¿-s∂-SpØn-cp-∂-t√m! A-t∏mƒ \n-߃ A-Xn-\v skdn-{_¬ ]mƒ-kn F-∂v t]-cn-´p. ]n-s∂ A-Xns\-∏-‰n \n-c-¥-cw C-cp-∂pw In-S-∂pw X¿-°n-®v R-ß-fp-sS X-e-h-en-∏-sØ \n-߃ a-d-hn-bnem-°n, a-d-hn R-߃-°-\p-{K-l-am-bn. ]n-∂oSv P-\n-®-h-cn¬ an-°-h-cpw I-Æn-√m-Ø-h-tcm, Im-Xn-√m-Ø-h-tcm, ssI-Im-ep-Iƒ \-jv-S-s∏-´h-tcm, \m-hp-\o-≠-h-tcm B-bn-cp-∂p. A-tXmsS C-sXm-cp kw-LS- n-X hn-jh - n-ev] - \ - b - p-sS A\-¥-c- ^-e-am-sW-∂v B-tcm-Ky-im-kv-{Xw hn[n-sb-gp-Xn. X¿-°w ]n-s∂-bpw Po-hn-®p. ]-t£ R-߃ A-t∏mƒ Po-hn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√! acn-®p sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p! A-c Po-hnX-am-bn-cp-∂p R-߃-°v \n-߃ X-∂ A-kvXn-Xzw F-∂v Nn-e ]-WvU - n-Xt- {i-jvT≥-am¿ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn, km-bq-Pyw sIm-≠p. A-t∏mƒ \n-߃ R-߃-°v ap-gp-Po-hn-Xw hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-bv-Xv Nn-e Hm-^-dp-Iƒ sh-®p \o-´n. A-c°-Æpw A-c-°m-Xpw A-c-ss°-øpw D-b¿-Ønb-t∏mƒ R-߃ tI-´p: s]≥-j≥! a-cn-®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-h¿-°pw s]≥-j≥ F-∂-Xv a-lØm-b H-cm-i-b-sa-∂v kw-kv-Im-c ]Tn-Xm-°fpw I-hn-I-fpw I-em-Im-c-∑m-cpw cm-jv-{So-b-t\Xm-°-fpw Nn-¥-I-cpw P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚ πm‰vt^m-ap-I-fn¬ H-∂n-®n-cp-∂v X¿-°n-®v ap-gp-Pohn-Xw \-bn-®p-sIm-≠v a-Xn-a-d-∂m-Sn. A-∂-∂sØ A-∂w A-∂-\m-f-Øn-se-Øp-a-t√m? Ah-cp-sS ap-gp B-Àm-Z-sØ Dƒ-s°m-≈m≥ Rß-fp-sS A¿-t≤-{μn-b-߃-°v i-‡n-bn-√m-bncp-∂p! F-¶n-epw Cu A-c-Po-hn-X-Øn-\pw tht≠ km-¿ Po-hn-Xw? R-߃ B Hm-^-dn¬ ho-Wp-t]m-bn. ]n-s∂ A-Xn-s‚ ]n-d-In-em-bn R-߃! tc-J-I-fn¬ R-߃ A-c-Po-hn-X߃ X-s∂! ]-t£ thm-´p _m-¶n¬ R-߃°v ap-gp-Po-hn-X-am-Wv. A-sXm-c-\p-{K-l-a-t{X!
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B-Z-cm-Rv-P-en-Iƒ H-scm-‰ Zn-h-k-sØ Iyq-hn¬ am-{Xw A-kv-XnXz-ap-≈ ap-gp-Po-hn-Xw! A-c Po-hn-X-am-sW-¶nepw R-ß-fp-sS A-∂-\m-f-Øn¬ ]q¿-Æ hni-∏m-Wv km¿! A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv k¿ R-߃ s]≥-j≥ F-∂ Hm-^-dn¬ ho-Wp-t]m-b-Xv. k-ºq¿-Æ-am-b hn-i-∏n-s‚ hn-fn F-√m-h¿°p-ap-≠v km¿! a-{¥n-°pw am-jv-°pw P-Uv-Pn°pw Fw.-F¬.-F-°pw a-s‰-√m-h¿-°pw Cu hn-i∏ - n-s‚ hn-fn-bp-≠v. A-cP - o-hn-Xa - m-bX - p-sIm≠v B hn-fn C-√m-Xm-Ip-∂n-√ km¿! c-≠-c Zi-Iw hn-jw Ip-Sn-®n-´pw I-cn-™p Xo¿-∂n-´n√m-Ø R-ß-fp-sS ]m-hw A-∂-\m-f-am-Wv Rß-sf-s°m-≠v C-t∏mƒ tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \n߃ am-kw tXm-dpw X-cp-sa-∂v hm-Kv-Zm-\w sNbv-X B s]≥-j≥ In-´n-bm-te R-ß-fp-sS hn-jw sIm-≠v I-cn-™ A-∂-\m-f-Øn-te-°v A-∂-an-d-ßq... tIm-hn-Uv a-lm-am-cn-°pw ap-ºmWv R-߃-°o Hm-^¿ X-∂-sX-t∂m¿-°p-at√m km¿! tIm-hn-Uv Im-e-Øpw R-ß-fp-sS A-∂-\m-f-Øn-s‚ hn-fn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu tZ-i-Øv ]-≠v R-߃ hn-f-bn-® apØm-dn-bpw sN-dp-]-b-dpw a-[p-c-°n-g-ßpw sh´n \n-c-Øn-b-t√ \n-߃ Cu tZ-i-sØ πmt‚-j≥ a-c(-W)`q-an-bm-°n R-ß-fp-sS A-∂w ap-S-°n-b-Xv! tIm-S-Xn-I-fpw a-\p-jym-h-Im-i IΩo-j-\p-I-fpw ]-d-™ km-º-Øn-I k-lmb-ß-ƒ F-hn-sS? Nn-In-’m ku-I-cy-߃ Fhn-sS? F-{X \n-d-®m-epw \n-d-bm-Ø \n-ß-fpsS J-P-\m-hn-t\-°mƒ hn-i-∏v R-ß-fp-sS Ac-h-b-dp-Iƒ-°v D-≠v, A-Xm-Zyw i-an-∏n-°q km¿! A-‘-s‚-bpw _-[n-c-s‚-bpw A-h-b-hc-ln-X-s‚-bpw D-≈n¬ \n-∂v h-cp-∂ hm-°pIƒ-°v h-en-b i-‡n-bp-≠v! Hm-^-dp-Iƒ sIm≠v B-cpw Po-hn-°n-√! A-Xv hym-tam-lw am{X-am-Wp¬-∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-I. A-c-Po-hn-X-ß-sf Cu hym-tam-lw sIm-≠v tXm-ev-]n-°-cp-Xv. CXv hn-Z-Kv-[-cp-sS Im-e-am-Wv km¿! hn-Z-Kv-[-\mWv Xm-cw! an-°-hm-dpw πm-‰v-t^m-ap-Iƒ hn-Z-Kv[-sc sIm-≠v \n-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. R-ß-fn-t∏mgpw A-c-Po-hn-X-߃. i-]n-°-s∏-´ Cu Po-hnXw Po-hn-®p Xo¿-°p-I-bm-Wv km¿ R-߃. B¿-Øn-]n-Sn-® Hm-´-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ A-c-\n-an-jsa-¶n-epw Cu A-c-Po-hn-X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v Hm¿°m≥ Z-b-hp-≠m-I-Ww km¿. sF-Iy-Zm¿-Vy-k-an-Xn-bp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fpam-bn _-‘-s∏-Sp-I-: tkm-Wn-bm-tPm¿-÷v (sN-b¿t]-gv-k¨):94465 51484 kp¬-^-Øv (I¨-ho-\¿)-: 89211 01128 A-º-e-Ø-d Ip-™n-Ir-jv-W≥: 94963 27949
2021B-K-Ãv 25 {]-ap-J tem-lym tkm-jy-en-Ãv k: _n.]n.a-fi¬ (a-fi¬ dn-t∏m¿-´v) 103˛-m-a-Xv P-∑-Zn-\w Pm-Xn kw-h-c-Ww Pm-Xn \-io-I-c-W-Øn-\v Pm-Xn sk≥-k-kv \-S-Øp-I ˛ tem-lym hn-Nm-c th-Zn
H-cp ]-{X-{]-h-¿-Ø-I-s‚ F-Xn¿ k-Xy-hm-Mv-aq-e-߃
dn-∏-ªn-Iv 2021 Aar-Xv em¬ h-n-e:150 @ 7736884100
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Xm-en-_m≥ a-\p-jy-cm-in-°pw C-…m-an-\p-X-s∂-bpw
`o-j-Wn
C-¥y≥ ap-…n-߃ A-^v-Km-\n-ÿm-\n¬ "C-…m-an-Iv F-an-td-‰v-kv' ÿm-]n-°p-∂-Xn-s\ F-Xn¿-°-Ww: C-¥y≥ ap-…nw t^m¿ sk-°p-e¿ sU-tam-{I-kn
B
ƒ C-¥ym ap-kv-enw t]-gv-k-W¬ tem t_m¿-Uv sN-b¿-am≥ auem-\ D-{am≥ a-lvaq-kv d-lvam-\n, P-am-A-sØ C-…m-an ln-μv t\Xm-hv au-em-\ k-÷m-Zv s\m-sa-\n Xp-S-ßn-b H-cp hn-`m-Kw C¥y≥ ap-…n-߃ A-^v-Km-\n-ÿm-\n¬ Xm-en-_m≥ A-[n-Im-cw I-ø-S-°p-∂-Xn¬ B-lv-fm-Z, B-c-h-ß-tfm-sS {]-Xn-I-cn-®-Xv \-Sp-°-ap-f-hm-°p-∂p. C-¥y H-cp atX-X-c cm-{„-am-Wv. C-¥y≥ a-Æn¬ \n-∂p sIm-≠v ap-…nw \yq-\-]-£-߃ Xß-fp-sS a-X-Øn-\v `q-cn-]-£-ap-≈ cm-Py-ß-fn-se a-X-`-c-W- Iq-S-ß-ƒ°v I-ø-Sn-®v Aw-Ko-Im-cw \¬-Ip-∂-Xv C-c-´-Øm-∏m-Wv. X-Xz-Zo-£-bn-√m-Ø C-Ø-cw \n-e-]mSv b-Ym¿-∞-Øn¬ C-¥y-bn-se kw-L-]-cn-hm-dn-s‚ ln-μp-cm-{„ A-P-≠-°v hfw h-bv-°p-∂-Xv Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. "C-…m-an-Iv kv-t‰-‰v' F-∂-Xv C-…mw a-Xw A-\p-im-kn-°p-∂-X-√ F-∂ A-`n{]m-bw tem-Iw F-ºm-Sp-ap-≈ C-…m-an-I a-X-]-fin-X-cp-sS-bpw _p-≤n-Po-hn-I-fpsS-bpw `m-K-Øv i-‡n {]m-]n-°p-∂p-≠v. a-tX-X-c P-\m-[n-]-Xy cm-{„o-b-hpw cm{„-hpw C-…mw a-X-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\ {]-am-W-ß-fp-am-bn bm-sXm-cp ssh-cp-≤yhp-an-√m-Ø-Xm-sW-∂pw, a-X-ssh-hn-[y-ß-sf C-…mw Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw A-h¿ hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. Cu k-ao-]-\-sØ "C-¥y≥ ap-…nw t^m¿ sk-°p-e¿ sU-tam-{I-kn' (ISMD)am-\n-°p-∂p. hn-tZ-i cm-Py-ß-fn¬ I-S-∂v I-b-dp-∂ A-ta-cn-°≥ \m-t‰m k-Jytk-\-bp-sSbpw, A-gn-a-Xn-°m-cm-b A-h-cp-sS ]m-hk¿-°m-cn-s‚-bpw, A-Xn-\pw ap-sº ]n-¥ncn-∏≥ Xm-en-_m≥ k¿-°m-cn-t‚-bpw A-[n-\n-th-iw \n-jvTq-c-am-bn X-I¿-Ø A^v-Km≥ P-\-X-tbm-Sv "C-¥y≥ ap-…nw t^m¿ sk-°p-e¿ sU-tam-{I-kn' sF-IyZm¿-Vyw {]-Jym-]n-°p-∂p. hn-tZ-im-[n-]-Xyw A-h-km-\n-∏n-®-Xpw A-h-cp-sS ]m-h-
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k¿-°m-cn-s‚ ]-X-\-hpw kzm-K-Xw sN-øp-∂p. F-∂m¬ h-f-sc {]m-Ir-X-am-b co-Xnbn¬ C-kv-emw a-Xw hym-Jym-\n-°p-∂ Xm-en-_m≥ A-[n-Im-cw I-ø-S-°p-∂-Xn¬ BtLm-jn-°m≥ H-∂p-an-√. tem-I-sa-ºm-Sp-ap-≈ C-…mw a-X-hn-izm-kn-I-tf-bpw, C-…mw a-X-sØ X-s∂-bpw A-]-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn¬ sN-dp-X-√m-Ø ]-¶p-≠v Xm-en-_m-\v. s]m-Xp am-∏v \¬-Im-\pw ]-{Xkzm-X-{¥y-hpw kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS A-h-Im-i-hpw kw-c£n-°m-\pw X-øm-dm-Wv Xp-S-ßn-b {]-kv-Xm-h-\-Iƒ Nn-e Xm-en-_m≥ ta-[m-hn-Iƒ ]d-™-Xv ap-J-hn-e-bv-°v F-Sp-°m≥ I-gn-bn-√. A-Xv tI-h-ew ]p-I-a-d am-{X-am-Wv. hnti-jn-®v P-\m-[n-]-Xy hy-h-ÿ-b-√, a-X-cm-{„-am-Wv ÿm-]n-°p-∂-sX-∂v A-k-μn-Kv[-am-bn A-h¿ hy-‡-am-°n-bn-´p-ap-≠v. ]-{X{]-h¿-Ø-I-tc-bpw hn-tbm-Pn-°p-∂-h-tcbpw ho-Sv ho-Sm-¥-cw I-b-dn th-´-bm-Sp-∂ hn-h-c-߃ A-h-cp-sS ]-em-b-\-hpw, A-c£n-X-cm-b kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS Z-b-\o-b Zr-iy-ß-fpw hy-‡-am-°p-∂p. c-£n-°m≥ th-≠n A-^v-Km-\n-se kv-{Xo ]p-cp-j-∑m¿, Ip-™p-߃ tem-I-tØm-Sv tI-W-t]-£n-°p-∂ Im-gv-N lr-Z-bw \p-dp-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. tem-I-k-aq-l-tØm-Sv R-ß-fp-sS A-`y¿-∞-\ A^v-Km≥ P-\-X-sb ssI-sh-Sn-b-cp-Xv F-∂m-Wv. I-gn-™ `-c-W-Im-e-sØ t]m-se Xmen-_m≥ A-^v-Km≥ P-\-X-bp-sS kzm-X-{¥y-tØ-bpw A-h-Im-i-ß-tf-bpw {]m-Ir-Xam-b co-Xn-bn¬ N-hn-´n D-S-bv-°p-hm≥ A-\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. \n-ß-fp-sS I-Æp-Iƒ C-a-sh´m-sX A-^v-Km≥ P-\-X-bp-sS kzm-X-{¥y kw-c-£-W-Øn-\v th-≠n \n-e-sIm-≈-Ww. Xm-en-_m-s‚ `-c-W-Ønse A-^v-Km-\n-ÿm≥, {]-tXy-In-®v kv-{Xo-Iƒ°v \-c-I-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\v A-\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. A-^v-Km-\n-ÿm\n¬ \n-∂v ]-em-b-\w sN- ø p- ∂ a- \ p- j y- s c kzo-I-cn-°m-\pw kw-c£n-°m-\pw P-\m-[n-]Xy tem-I-tØm-Sv, {]tXy- I n- ® v A- t a- c n- ° tbm-Sv C-¥y≥ ap-…nw t^m¿ sk-°p-e¿ sUtam- { I- k n A- ` y¿- ∞ n°p-∂p. 1967se t{]m- t ´mtImƒ, 1951 se sF-Iycm- { „- k - ` - b p- s S A- ` bm¿-∞n I¨-sh≥-j≥ F-∂n-h Aw-Ko-I-cn-®v D-S-\-Sn H-∏v h-bv-°-W-sa-∂pw X-Z-\pkr-X-am-b \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂pw C-¥ym-k¿-°m-dn-t\m-Spw C-¥y≥ ap…nw t^m¿ sk-°p-e¿ sU-tam-{I-kn A-`y¿-Yn-°p-∂p. a-X ]-cn-K-W-\-I-tfm bm-sXm-cp a-X-hn-th-N-\-tam C-√m-sX F-√m A-^v-Km≥ A`-bm¿-∞n-Iƒ-°pw C-¥y A-Xn-s‚ hm-Xn-ep-Iƒ Xp-d-∂n-S-W-sa-∂pw C-¥y≥ ap…nw t^m¿ sk-°p-e¿ sU-tam-{I-kn, tI-{μ-Øn-se _n.sP.]n k¿-°m-cn-t\m-Sv A`y¿-Yn-°p-∂p. (P-Uv-Pn-am-cpw F-gp-Øp-Im-cpw \m-S-I kn-\n-am {]-h¿-Ø-I-cpw kw-Ko-X-⁄-cpw I-em-Im-c-∑m-cpw A-`n-`m-jI-cpw km-aq-ln-I {]-h¿-Ø-I-cpw cm-{„o-b t\-Xm-°-fp-a-S-ßp-∂ 150 ¬ ]-cw {]-K-¤ hy-‡n-Xz-߃ ssIsbm-∏p sh-® {]-kv-Xm-h-\)
˛ Pm-th-Zv B-\-μv(98470402556/ javedanand@gmail.com)
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Im-º-bn≥
Im
¬ \q-‰m-≠m-bn Im-Sm-bn \n-e\n¬-°p-∂ Xp-jm-c-Kn-cn-bn-se 24 G-{I `p-an ap≥ D-S-a-ÿ-I¿-°v Xn-cn-®p \¬-Im-\p-≈ tIc-f ssl-t°m-S-Xn-hn-[n kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn icn-h-®-tXm-sS A-Xv ]-g-b D-S-a-ÿ¿-°v hn-´p sIm-Sp-°m-\p-≈ \o-°w h-\w h-Ip-∏v \-S-Øns°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. ssl-t°m-SX - n-bn¬ ]p\:]-cn-tim-[-\ l¿-Pn \¬-Im-t\m kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ A-∏o¬ \¬-Im-t\m h-\w hIp-∏v X-øm-dm-bn-´n-√. D-jv-Wta-J-e a-g-°m-SpIƒ-°v k-Zr-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p Po-c-I-∏m-d. hym]-I-am-bn a-cw ap-dn-®v ÿ-ew X-cn-im-bn am-‰n-
SpsØ Im-em-h-ÿ, P-ekp-c-£, Ir-jn Xp-Sßn-b-h-bp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\w Xp-jm-c-Kn-cn-bp-sS \n-e-\n¬-∏m-Wv. \-b-\m-\-μ-I-c-am-b a-g-hn¬ sh-≈-®m-´-hpw C-cm-‰q-ap-°v sh-≈-®m-´-hpw Xpºn-Xp-≈pw-]m-d sh-≈-®m-´-hpw Xp-jm-c-Kn-cn-bnte-°v k-μ¿-i-I {]-hm-lw kr-„n-°p-∂p. Cu sh-≈-®m-´-Øn¬ \n-∂p-am-Wv Nm-en-∏p-g D-Zv-`hn-°p-∂-Xv. A-¥m-cm-{„ I-bm-°n-ßn-\v th-Znbm-Wv Nm-en-∏p-g. C-Xv C-cp-h-gn-™n-bn-epw XpS¿-∂v Nm-en-bm-dn-epw h-∂p-tN-cp-∂p. 2000¬ Gs‰-Sp-Ø Cu A-]q¿-Δ h-\-߃ \-„-s∏-´m¬ {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS A-aq-ey-am-b h-c-Zm-\w F-s∂t∂-°p-am-bn Xn-tcm-`-hn-°p-sa-∂v Xo¿-®-bm-Wv. Xp-S-°w sXm-t´ h-\w h-Ip-∏v h-f-sc emL-h-tØm-Spw D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Øc-ln-X-am-bpw `qhp-S-a-I-sf k-lm-bn-°p-∂ hn-[-am-Wv tI- v ssI-Im-cyw sN-bv-X-sX-∂v hn-[n-\ym-bw hm-bn®m¬ hy-‡-am-Ipw. Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-bpw H-ØpI-fn-bpw \-S-∂n-´p-≠v. h-\-Øn-s‚ ]-cn-ÿn-Xn {]m-[m-\y-tam ssP-h ssh-hn-[y-Øn-s‚ ssh]p-ey-tam sh-≈-®m-´-ß-sf Ip-dn-t®m, Nm-en-∏pg-bp-sS D-Zv-`-h-sØ Ip-dn-t®m h-\w h-Ip-∏v tImS-Xn-bn¬ H-∂pw ]-d-™n-´n-√. \n-c-h-[n ]-£n-h¿-§-ß-fp-tS-bpw B-\-bS-°-ap--≈ ar-K-ß-fp-tS-bpw hn-lm-c tI-{μ-am-Wv Cu Im-Sp-Iƒ F-∂ h-kv-Xp-X Iq-Sn tIm-S-Xn-
]-cn-ÿn-Xn kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sS kw-bp-‡ {]-kv-Xm-h-\
Xp-jm-c-Kn-cn A-\ym-[o-\-s∏-S-cp-Xv b-Xn-\v F-Xn-sc 1998 ap-X¬ \-S-∂ {]-tZ-i hm-kn-I-fp-tS-bpw ]-cn-ÿn-Xn {]-h¿-Ø-I-cp-tSbpw \n-c-¥-c-am-b k-a-c-sØ Xp-S¿-∂m-Wv Chn-Sw 2000 ¬ k¿-°m¿ C.F-^v.F¬ \n-b-a{]Im-cw -G-s‰-Sp-Ø-Xv. kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn-bpw ta[m-]-Sv-°-dpw A-S-°w tI-c-f-Øn-ep-S-\o-f-ap-≈ ]-cn-ÿn-Xn {]-h¿-Ø-I-cp-tS-bpw I¿-j-I-cp-tSbpw tbm-Pn-®p-≈ ap-t∂-‰-am-bn-cp-∂p Cu- ka-cw. Xp-S¿-∂v Po-c-I-∏m-d h-\-ta-J-e Xp-jm-cKn-cn F-∂v \m-a-I-c-Ww sN-ø-s∏-´p. ssP-h- ssh-hn-[y-Øn-s‚ \n-d km-∂n-[yam-b Xp-jm-c-Kn-cn A-\ym-[o-\-s∏-S-cp-Xv. A-Xnhn-]p-e-am-b Du¿-÷-t{km-X- m-Wv C-hn-Sw. tIm-S-t©-cn ]-©m-b-Øn-t‚-bpw k-ao-]-{]-tZi-ß-fp-tS-bpw k¿-Δ- sF-iz-cy-Øn-\pw \n-Zm\w Xp-jm-c-Kn-cn h-\w X-s∂-bm-Wv. C-hn-
34 A¥¿[m-c
sb h-\w h-Ip-∏v t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n-√. Cu Im-Sp-If - p-sS ssP-h ssh-hn-[yw kw-_‘ - n-®pw h-\y-Po-hn km-∂n-[yw kw-_-‘n-®pw hn-i-Zam-b ]p-Xn-b ]T-\w \-S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. ]-cn-ÿn-Xn {]m-[m-\y-hpw Nm-en-∏p-g \n-e\n¿-tØ-≠-Xn-s‚ B-h-iy-I-X-bpw I-bm-°nMv a-’-c-tI-{μ-am-Wn-hn-Sw F-∂ h-kv-Xp-X-bpw tIm-S-Xn-sb t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øn ]p-\-∏-cn-tim-[\m l¿-Pn \¬-I-W-sa-∂pw, {]-Xn-^-ew \¬In ]-cn-ÿn-Xn {]m-[m-\y-ap-≈ Cu h-\w (C.F-^v.F¬ h-Ip-∏v D-]-tbm-Kn-®m-sW-¶n¬ t]m-epw) k¿-°m¿ G-s‰-Sp-Øv Xp-jm-Kn-cn kwc-£n-°m≥ B-h-iy-am-b k-Xz-c \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂pw R-߃ B-h-iy-s∏Sp∂p. (_-‘-߃-°v: _m-Zp-j F≥.˛8547590222)
"\n¿-`-b-am-bn Po-hn-°m-\p-≈ A-h-Im-i-am-Wv kzm-X-{¥yw'F-∂ ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-ap-b¿-Øn Izn-‰n-¥ym Zn-\-Øn¬ tem-lym hn-Nm-c-th-Zn {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ \-S-Øn-b {]-Xn-tj-[-߃
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sk]v‰w_¿ 25 `mcX _μv hnPbn∏n°pI tZihncp≤ Im¿jnI\nba߃ d±m°pI. F√m hnfIƒ°pw MSP (Xmßphne) \nba]cambn \S∏m°pI. sshZypXn \nbaw˛2020 ]n≥hen°pI
kac tIcfw -
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