പാഠഭേദം / ജൂൺ 2021

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

1

[\cmPv Iogd

362 ]pkvX-Iw-: 10 e°w: 6 Pq¨ 2021

A¬ Aao≥ _n¬UnwKv Nn¥mhf∏v, tImgn-t°mSv˛4 8086205415, 9446464948, 9633751353

patabhedam@gmail.com

C-¥y-sb-s∂m-cp I-Se - m-kp]q-hv 4 A-ar-Xv- emtI-cf- w {]-kn-U≥-jy¬ `-cW - {- I-aØ - n-te-°v - 8 tSm-an am-XypZzo-]v Im-hn-bS- n-°s- ∏-Sp-tºmƒ 10 C.F-Ov. \-ko¿ am-dp-Ib - m-Wv \-Ωp-sS a-gIƒ 12 F-kv.]n. c-hn a¨kqWn¬ hcm\ncn°p∂Xv 16 sI. cm-a-N-{μ≥ a-g° - p-´n-bp-tS-bpw a-‰pw Hm¿-a° - v 20 a-RP v- p-f atg atg hm hm...

21 B¿. i-¶-c≥-Ip-´n sk-√p-tem-bv-Un-se a-g-b-\p-`-h-߃ 21 ]n.kp-\n¬-Ip-am¿ Ip-S e-Ivjz-dn-bm-b B Im-ew 22 s_-∂n tPm-k^ - v Ku-co, \o-sbm-cp s]-Æ-t√ ...

23 hn-Pb - c- m-Lh - ≥ tN-en-b kz-¥w Xn-e-tI-´≥ 24 am-\k - n im-cZ- m-aW - n: {]-Xy-bi - m-kv{- X Im¿-°i - y-an-√m-sX 26 ]n.C. D-j

ss\XnIthZn {]km[\w ]n. \mcm-b-W- ta-t\m≥ ({]knU‚ v) ]n. IrjvW-Ip-am¿ (sk{I´dn) dotUgvkv FUn‰¿am¿: ]n.sP. amXyp, JZoP apwXmkv, sI. Achnμm£≥, ambm {]tamZv FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬: F-.]n. Ip-™m-ap, tSman amXyp, hSt°SØv ]fl\m`≥, hnP-b-cm-L-h≥ tNenb, Sn.sF. emep, arZp-em-tZ-hn F-kv., F≥._n. P-b-em¬, knhnIv N{μ≥, kn.Fkv. cmP≥ (tIm∏n FUn-‰¿) I-h¿ s]-bn‚nw-Kv : cm-tP-{μ≥ ]p-√q¿ Nn-{X-߃: {]Xm]v tPmk^v, kptZh≥ s]cntßmSv, ken¬ kn.Fw., kp`mjv aS∏≈n, kn.Fkv. cmP≥ Unssk≥ & te Hu´v : Fw. at\mlc≥ B∏nƒtSmIv, tImgnt°mSv˛4 Printed and published by Civic Chandran and owned by Naithikavedi Publications, Printed at Red Star Offset, Kozhikode.

Published from Sooryakantham, West Hill, Kozhikode 673005 Editor: Civic Chandran

C-hn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p B cm-Pyw 27 ]n-.sI. K-tW-i≥ th-\¬ a-Wß - ƒ 30 t\m-h¬-`m-K-߃ / Pn-k tPm-kv I-S¬ I-≠n-´p-t≠m?

36 I-hn-X -/ Fw.F. A-\n-X C-ß-s\ a-kn-ev ]n-Sn-°-t√ πo-kv-!

38 tPym-Xn a-Z≥ F-∂m-Wv \-ap-°v Im-gv-N Xn-cn-®p In-´p-∂-Xv ? 38 ]n.sI. `m-Ky-e-£v-an F-∑I - s- \ Im-∏m-Øp-t¶m...

40 sF-iz-cy A-e≥ ]-t£, a-s‰-√m ssh-Zy-im-JI - f- pw A-{]-k‡ - a- m-tbm?

42 J-Zo-Pm apw-Xm-kv Nn-In-’b - n-epw th-Ww ]-ck - v] - c- _-lp-am-\w- 44 k-\n¬ Ip-am¿ Fw.Fw. a-lm-am-cn-°m-eØ - p-ap-≠v A-hI - m-iß - ƒ 44 Im-ºb - n≥ Ip-´o-, t]-Sn-∏n-°-t√... / a-tUm-W 46 C-ßs- \-bpw H-cp-]m-Sv s]¨-Ip-´n-Iƒ 48 A-Yo-\- sU-bv-kn tPm¿-Pv s]-bn‚nw-Kv B¬-_w 2/49 [\cmPv Iogd / Zn-eo-]v Io-gq¿

A-ar-Xv- em¬

b-

lv Iq-sN, b-lv \o-emw L¿ Zn¬-I-jo sI/b-lv ep-Sv-sX lp-sh Im¿-hm≥ kn-μ-Kn sI/Ilmw sl I-lmw-sl ap-lm-^nkv Lp-Zo sI/Pn-\v-tl \m-kv sl ln-μv ]¿ thm I-lmw sl (hn¬-∏\ - b - s -v °m-cp-ßn \n¬-°p∂ Cu sX-cp-hp-Iƒ ho-Sp-Iƒ A]- l - c n- ° - s ∏- ´ Po- h n- X - Ø n- s ‚ km¿-∞-hm-l-I-kw-L-߃/ImWp-∂n-t√! ln-μp-ÿm-s‚ t]-cnA-`n-am-\w sIm-≠n-cp-∂-h¿, F-hnsS A-h-scm-s° F-hn-sS?) klo¿ ep-[ym≥hn-bp-sS Cu h-cn-Iƒ-°v B-dp-]X - n-‰m-≠n¬-∏c - w ]-g-°-ap-≠v. ap-l-Ω-Zv dm-^n Kp-cpZ-Øn-\v th-≠n Cu h-cn-Iƒ ]mSn-b-Xv ]ym-k-bn-em-Wv. 1957 em-Wv ]ym-k dn-eo-kv sN-bv-X-Xv. kzm-X{¥y-Øn-\v ]-Øv h-b- v B-bt∏mƒ X-s∂ k-lo-dn-s‚ {]-Xo£-Iƒ \-jv-S-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. A-]-lcn-°-s∏-´ kz-]v-\-ß-fp-sS I-Y ]d-™ "]ym-k' s\-lv-dp-hn-b≥ C¥y-sb {]-Xn-°q-´n¬ \n¿-Øn-b B-Zy kn-\n-aI - f - n¬ H-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

Pn-\vt- l \m-kv sl ln-μv] - ¿, thm I-lmw sl F-∂ h-cn-bn¬ klo¿ Xn-c° - n-bX - v s\-ld -v p-hn-s\-bmsW-∂pw kn-\n-a I-≠ s\-lv-dp I-c-™p-sh-∂pw I-Y-bp-≠v. kz-]v\w \-jv-S-s∏-´v ]-cm-Pn-X-cm-bm-Wv s\-lv-dp-hpw Kp-cp-Z-Øpw k-lo-dpw a-cn-®-Xv. kz-]v-\-Po-hn-Iƒ B-bn-cp∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv s\-lv-dp-hpw Kpcp-Z-Øpw k-lo-dpw H-s° C-∂pw Hm¿-Ωn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. kz-]v-\w I≠v k-ab - w I-fb - c - p-Xv F-∂v X-s‚ a≥ Io _m-Xv (a-\- n¬ tXm-∂nb-Xv) Ip-´n-I-tfm-Sv D-]-tZ-in-°p-∂ H-cp {]-[m-\a - {- ¥n ln-μp-ÿm-\n-\p≠m-Ip-sa-∂v kz-]\ v- Ø - n¬-t]m-epw A-h¿ `-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-cn-°n-√. lnμn-s‚ C-t∏m-g-sØ `-c-Wm-[n-Imcn-Iƒ Po-hn-°p-∂-Xv kz-]v-\-ß-fne-√ a-dn-®v \p-W-I-fn-em-Wv. Zn-√nbn¬˛C-¥y-bn-se-ºm-Spw˛a-lm-amcn a-c-W-\r-Øw N-hn-´n-b Cu sabv-am-k-°m-e-Øpw s]-cpw \p-WIƒ-sIm-≠v s\-bv-X i-h-°-® bmYm¿-Yy-Øn-\p-ta¬ A-Wn-bn-°m\m-Wv `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ ap-Xn¿∂Xv. Ipw-`-ta-f-bv-°pw Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v a-tlm-’-h-߃-°pw ti-jw a-

4

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

s]-cp-∂p-W-Iƒ sIm-≠v s\-bv-X i-h-°-® A-gn-®p-sh°p-I. a-c-W-sa-Øm-Ø ho-tS-Xp-≠v? hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚ cm-jv-{So-bw kz-]v-\-ß-fp-sS i-h-∏-d-ºm-Ip-∂-Xn-s‚ kmaq-ly hn-iI - e- \- w. i-h Kw-Kb - p-sS \m-\m¿-∞ß - f- n-eq-sS...

C-¥y-sb-s∂m-cp I-S-em-kp]q-hv lm-am-cn P-\ß - ƒ-°n-Sb - n-te-°v Cd-ßn h-∂-t∏mƒ `-c-W-Iq-Sw ]n≥hm-ßn. X-eÿ - m-\\ - K - c - n-bn¬ a-lm\-K-c-Øn¬ a-c-Ww ho-Sp-Iƒ-tXmdpw ^v-fm-‰p-Iƒ tXm-dpw I-b-dn-bnd-ßn-b-t∏mƒ `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ F-hn-sS-tbm H-fn-®p. k¿-°m¿ IW-°p-Iƒ {]-Im-cw Zn-√n-bn¬ am{Xw G-{]n¬˛sa-bv am-k-°m-e-Øv ]-Xn-aq-hm-bn-cØ - n¬-∏c - w B-fp-Iƒ tIm-hn-Uv aq-ew a-cn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ k¿-°m¿ C-tX Im-e-b-fhn¬ ap-∏Ø - n-\m-em-bn-cØ - n¬-∏c - w a-cW - k - ¿-´n-^n-°‰ - p-Iƒ \¬-In-bn´p-≠v. I-gn-™-h¿-jØn¬ C-tX Im-e-b-f-hn¬ \-K-c-Øn¬ a-c-W-aS-™-Xv (a-c-W-k¿-´n-^n-°-‰p-I-fpsS I-W-°v {]-Im-cw) ]-Xn-\m-bn-cØn¬ Xm-sg-t∏¿ am-{X-am-Wv. A-

Xm-b-Xv, C-cp-]-Xn-\m-bn-cw t]-sc¶n-epw tIm-hn-Uv aq-ew Zn-√n-bnG-{]n¬˛sa-bv am-k-°m-e-Øv a-cn®n-´p-≠v F-∂m-Wv ssSw-kv Hm-^v C-¥y-bn-se ]-c-kv knw-Kn-s‚ dnt∏m¿-´v Nq-≠n-°m-´n-bX - v. G-Xm-≠v F-√m a-c-W-hpw A-S-bm-f-s∏-SpØm≥ k- ∂ m- l - ß - f p- ≈ X- e ÿm-\ \-K-cn-bn¬ a-c-W-Øn-s‚ C{Xtbsd A≠¿ dnt∏m¿´nßv \-S° - p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ D-Ø¿-{]-tZ-inepw Kp-P-dm-Øn-te-bp-sam-s° Ah-ÿ F-s¥-∂v Du-ln-°m-hp-∂Xm-Wv. A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv C-¥y-bnse tIm-hn-Uv a-c-W-kw-Jy k¿°m¿ I-W° - n-se aq-∂c - e - £ - t- Ø°mƒ c-≠n-c´- n-sb-¶n-epw (G‰hpw Ipd™ I-W° - p-{]-Im-cw)B-sW∂v \yq-tbm¿-°v ssSw-kv F-gp-Xn-

b-Xv. Xn-cs - ™-Sp-∏v k¿-tΔ-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂ C-Voter s‚ b-iz-¥v tZiv-ap-Jv F-gp-Xn-b-Xv A-h-cp-sS IW-°p-Iƒ-{]-Im-cw C-¥y-bn¬ ]Xn-s\-´v e-£-w t]-sc-¶n-epw tImhn-Uv aq-ew C-Xn-\I - w a-cn- ®n-´p-≠mIp-sa-∂m-Wv. tIm-hn-Uv \n-b-{¥-Wm-[o-\-amWv F-∂v {]-Nc - n-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ D-Ø¿-{]-tZ-in¬ Im-cy-߃ ssIhn-´p-t]m-bn F-∂v tem-Iw Xn-cn-®dn-™-Xv Kw-K-bn-epw b-ap-\-bn-epw \q-dp-I-W-°n-\v i-h-߃ s]m-¥nØp-Sß - n-bt- ∏m-gm-Wv. Kw-Kb - n¬ ihm-lp-Xn tPy-jvT-am-k-°m-e-Øv km-[m-c-W-am-Wv F-s∂m-s° XpS-°-Øn¬ hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-ap-≠m-bn. l-ao¿-]q-cn-epw A-el - _ - m-Zn-se {]bm-K-bn-ep-sam-s° \-Zo-Xo-c-ßfn¬ i-h-߃ A-Sn-™p Xp-S-ßnb-tXm-sS P-\w ]-cn-{`m-¥c - m-bn. Poh-Zm-bn-\n-bm-Wv Kw-K F-∂m-Wt√m k-¶-ev-]w. F-√m-h-cm-epw F√m-‰n-\m-epw Xn-c-kv-°-cn-°-s∏-´-hcp-sS A-h-km-\-sØ A-`-b-ÿm\-am-Wv Kw-Km-am-Xm-sh-∂v Kw-Kme-l-cn-bn¬ P-K-∂m-Y ]-fin-X≥ F-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. Xo¿-∞-ÿ-en-bmWv Kw-K. Kw-K-bn-se Hm-tcm Xn-cbpw Xo¿-∞-am-sW-∂pw ]-d-bm-dp≠v. F-√m Xo¿-∞-ß-fp-sS-bpw Dd-hn-S-hpw A-¥-k-Ø-bpw Kw-K-bmsW-∂pw Po-h-s‚ t{km-X- m-b P-e-Øn-s‚ X-s∂ {]-Xn-cq-]-am-Wv Kw-K F-∂pw hn-izm-k-ap-≠v. AXn¬ A-\m-Y-i-h-߃ \n-d-bptºmƒ P-\w `-b-N-In-X-cm-hp-∂p.

H-cp \p-Wb - m-epw a-d® - p-]n-Sn-°m-\mhm-Ø k-Xyw am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p KwK-bn¬ \mw I-≠ i-h-{]-hm-lw. a-lm-am-cn-bp-sS Xm-fi-h-\r-

Øw aq-ew ]-e-bn-S-Øpw hn-d-In-\v £m-a-ap-≠m-b-t{X. Zn-√n-bn¬ iv-aim-\ß - ƒ H-cp k-ab - Ø - v \n-d™ pI-hn-™n-cp-∂p. ]m¿-°n-epw ]m-Xtbm-c-Øpw Nn-X-Iƒ {]-Xy-£-s∏´-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®v dn-t∏m¿-´p-I-fp-≠mbn-cp-∂p. I¿-Ω-{In-bm-Zn-Iƒ, i-coc-ip-≤n C-hs - bm-∂pw km-[y-am-ImØ i-h-Zm-l-ß-fpw a-d-hp-I-fpw ac-W-s∏-´-h-cp-sS D-‰-h-sc Ip-d-s®m∂p-a-√ hn-j-an-∏n-®-Xv. D-Ø¿-{]-tZin¬ k¿-°m-cpw a-‰pw {i-an-®-Xv a-cW - s - a-∂ bm-Ym¿-∞y-sØ \n-cmI-cn-°m-\m-Wv. _n-sP-]n-bp-sS Xs∂ P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ ]-c-ky-ambn hn-a¿-i-\w D-b¿-Øn-b-t∏m-gmWv a-lm-am-cn-bp-sS ]n-Sn-bn-em-Wv X-s‚ {]-P-I-fpw F-∂v ap-Jy-a-{¥n B-Zn-Xy-\m-Yv hn-Ωn-jv-S-tØm-sSsb-¶n-epw k-Ω-Xn-®-Xv. A-Xn-\n-Sbn¬ ]-c-ky-am-bn Nn-In-’m klm-bw A-`y¿-∞n-®-h-tc-bpw \-ZnI-fn-se, \-Zo-Xo-c-ß-fn-se a-d-hp sN-øm-Ø i-hi - c - o-cß - s - f-°p-dn-®v dn-t∏m¿-´v sN-bv-X-h-tc-bpw cm-Pyt{Zm-l-Øn-\v in-£n-°m≥ k¿°m¿ H-cp-sº-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

Zn-√n-bn-se ÿn-Xn hy-Xy-kv-Xam-bn-cp-∂p. G-{]n¬ c-≠mw ]-IpXn-bn-em-Wv tcm-Kw \-Kc - Ø - n¬ ]nSn-ap-dp-°n-b-Xv. B-ip-]-{Xn-I-fnC-Sa - n-√m-Xm-bn F-∂p am-{X-a√ - {]mW-hm-bp \¬-Im-\p-≈ kw-hn-[m\-߃ t]m-epw a-Xn-h-cm-Xm-bn. acp-∂n-\pw {]m-W-hm-bp-hn-\pw I-cn©-¥-bn¬ hn-e ]-Xn-∑-S-ßv h¿≤n-®p. H-cp In-tem-ao-‰¿ Zq-c-tØ°v Bw-_p-e≥-kv hn-fn-® F-s‚ k-l-{]-h¿-Ø-I-\v \¬-tI-≠n h∂-Xv ]-Xn-\m-bn-cw cq-]. Zn-√n-bnho-´n¬ Izm-d‚-bn≥ sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂

kp-lr-Øn-\v sh‚n-te-‰¿ sIm-®nbn¬ \n-∂p h-cp-tØ-≠n-h∂ - p. \qdp-I-W-°n-\v t]¿ a-cn-®-Xv sh-dpw {]m-Y-an-I ip-{iq-j \¬-Im-\p-≈ kw-hn-[m-\w B-ip-]{- Xn-If - n¬ Akm-[y-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-{X-am-Wv. ap-∂d - n-bn-∏p-Iƒ D-≠m-bn-´pw X-ømsd-Sp-∏p-Iƒ F-Sp-°m-Ø H-cp `-cW-Iq-SØ - n-s‚ C-cI - f - m-bn-cp-∂p G{]n¬-˛s - a-bv am-k° - m-eØ - v tIm-hnUv aq-ew a-c-W-s∏-´-h-cn¬ G-sdt∏-cpw. A-Xp-sIm-≠v X-s∂ Cu a-c-W-߃ ]-e-Xpw A-S-bm-f-s∏Sp-tØ-≠-Xv `-c-W-Iq-S sIm-e-]mX-I-߃ B-bn-´m-Wv. C-{X-tb-sd a-c-W-߃ H-gn-hm°m-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-t∂m? ap-∂-dn-bn∏p-Iƒ k¿-°m¿ {i-≤n-®n-cp-∂p-sh¶n¬ I-gn-t™-s\ F-∂m-Wv hn-ZKv-≤ a-Xw. {]-[m-\-am-bn th-≠n-bncp-∂-Xv hm-Iv-kn-t\-j≥ X-s∂-bmbn-cp-∂p. hym-[n-sb X-S™ n-s√-¶nepw hym-[n-bp-sS B-Lm-Xw Ip-dbv-°m-s\-¶n-epw A-Xn-\v I-gn-™ncp-∂p F-∂v ]-e-cp-tS-bpw A-\p-`h-km-£y-ap-≠v. F-∂m¬ tem-IØn-s‚ hm-Iv-kn≥ X-e-ÿm-\w F-∂ sI-´p-IY - b - p-am-bn s\-©p-hncn-®p \-S-∂-h¿ kz-¥w P-\-߃°v th-≠p-∂ hm-Iv-kn-\p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°m-\p-≈ Hm¿-Ud - p-Iƒ \¬In-bn-cp-∂n-√. c-≠v I-º-\n-I-fn\n¿-Ωm-Ww ]-cn-an-Xs - ∏-Sp-Øn-bX - paq-ew th-≠{- X \n¿-Ωm-Ww A-km[y-hp-am-bn. A-b¬-]-°-tØm kplr-Zv-cm-Py-߃-t°m I-®-h-S D-Sºn {]-Im-cw hm-Iv-kn≥ \¬-In-bXm-bn-cp-∂n-√ {]-iv-\w˛A-Xn-s\m∏w C-¥y-°m-tc-bpw Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Ønbn-√ F-∂-Xp am-{X-am-Wv Ip-‰-Icw. F-∂m¬ s^-{_p-h-cn-bn¬ Xs∂ `-cn-°p-∂ ]m¿-´n X-ß-fp-sS t\-Xm-hv tIm-hn-Un-s\ Io-gv-s∏-SpØn-b I-Y {]-ta-bw h-gn hn-fw-_cw sN-bX v- n-cp-∂p-ht- √m! A-tX t\Xm-hv˛C-¥y≥ {]-[m-\-a-{¥n ]-Zw ssI-øm-fp-∂b - mƒ˛tem-Ik - a - £ - w C-¥y a-lm-am-cn-bn¬ \n-∂pw temI-sØ c-£n-°p-∂ Im-cyw temI-cm-jv-{S-Ø-e-h-∑m-cp-sS ao-‰nwKn¬ B-h¿-Øn-°p-Ib - pw sN-bX v- ncp-∂p. C-¥y h-en-b B-tcm-Ky {]Xn-k-‘n t\-cn-Sp-∂p F-∂v hn-tZi-]{- X-߃ dn-t∏m¿-´v sN-bvX - p XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ A-h¿ ]-e-cpw klm-bl - k - X v- h - p-am-bn F-Øp-Ib - pw sN-bv-Xp: sN-dn-b B-{^n-°≥ cmPy-am-b sI-\n-b h-sc k-lm-bw \¬-In-bn-cp-∂p. 12 S¨ Im-∏n-bpw Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

5

Nm-b-s∏m-Sn-bpw I-∏-e-≠n-bpw hniz-Kp-cp-hm-Im≥ H-cp-sº-´n-d-ßn-b cm-Py-Øn-\v In-´n-b dn-bm-en-‰n sN°v! tIm-hn-Un-s‚ c-≠mw-Xn-c ]n≥hm-ßn Xp-Sß - n-bn-cn-°p-∂p F-∂mWv I-W-°p-Iƒ. aq-∂mw Xn-c-bv°pw \-Ωƒ H-cp-ßn-bn-cn-°W - w F∂v hn-ZK - ≤ -v m-`n-{]m-bw. {]m-W\ - p-th≠n \-´w-Xn-cn-bp-∂ Im-eØ - v a-s‰m∂pw \-Ωƒ Xn-c-°n-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ign-™ sIm-√s - Ø A-\p-`h - w sIm≠m-h-Ww \-K-c-ß-fn-se Ip-Sn-tb‰ sXm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ h-f-sc t\-csØ X-s∂ {Km-a-ß-fn-te-°v a-Sßn-bn-cp-∂p. a-\p-jy¿ ]p-d-Øn-dßm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠v ]-´n-Wn-bp-sS tXm-Xv F-s¥-∂v C-∂pw \-ap-°dn-bn-√. k-º-Zv-L-S-\ Iq-∏p-Ip-Ønb-Xv \-ap-°-dn-bmw. Nn-e I-W-°pIƒ C-ß-s\: -kn.Fw.sF.C. F∂ sk‚¿ t^m¿ tam-Wn-‰-dnw-Kv C-¥y≥ C-°-tWm-an-bp-sS I-W°p-{]-Im-cw sXm-gn-en-√m-bv-a sa-bvam-kØ - n¬ 14.5 i-Xa - m-\a - m-bn h¿≤n-®n-´p-≠v. G-{]n¬ am-k-Øn12.6 tIm-Sn sXm-gn-ep-Iƒ \-jv-Ss∏- ´ p F- ∂ m- W v I- W - ° p- I ƒ. sXm-gn-en-S-ß-fn¬ sXm-gn¬ kp-c£ K-Wy-am-bn Ip-d-™p˛]p-Xn-b sXm-gn-ep-Iƒ A-c-£n-X sXm-gnta-J-e-bn-em-Wv. 97% C-¥y-°m-cptS-bpw km-º-Øn-I-ti-jn ap-ºtØ-°m-fpw tam-i-am-bn. A-knw t{]w-Pn bq-Wn-th-gk v- n-‰n-bp-sS "tÉv Hm-^v h¿-°nw-Kv C-¥y dn-t∏m¿´v 2020' {]-Im-cw 23 tIm-Sn C-¥y°m¿ Zm-cn-{Zy-tc-J-bv-°v Xm-tg-°p h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. k-º-Zv-L-S-\-bm-Is´ Np-cp-ßn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv. a-lm-am-cn-bn¬ a-c-W-s∏-´h-cp-sS I-W-°p-Iƒ am-{X-ta Ct∏m-gpw Hm¿-sØ-Sp-°p-∂p-≈q. Ah-cp-sS Ip-Spw-_-ß-fp-sS, A-kpJw h-∂v c-£-s∏-´-h-cp-sS km-ºØn-I-ÿn-Xn F-s¥-∂ Im-cyw B¿-°p-a-dn-bn-√. Zn-√n-bn¬ R߃ hm-Ik v- n-t\-j≥ F-Sp-Ø kzIm-cy B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ ˛ a-[y-h¿§-Øn-\pw Xm-sg-bp-≈-h¿ k-ao-]n°p-∂ B-ip-]-{Xn-bm-Wv ˛ H-cp Znh-k-tØ-°p-≈ tIm-hn-Uv Nn-In’m ]m-t°-Pv ap-∏-Øn-b-øm-bn-cw cq-](35,000)B-bn-cp-∂p. em-_v sSÃp-Iƒ-°pw F-Iv-kv-td ap-X-em-bh-bv-°pw th-sd. i-h-kw-kv-Im-cØn-\pw a-d-hn-\pw F-¥n-\v {In-bm]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ-°p-ap-≈ Nn-e-hp-Iƒ h≥-tXm-Xn¬ h¿-≤n-®n-cp-∂p G-

6

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

{]n¬-˛-sa-bv am-k-°m-e-Øv. B-hiy-Øn-\pw A-\m-h-iy-Øn-\pw sSen-hn-j\ - n¬ {]-Xy-£s - ∏-´n-cp-∂ Nne Xm-Sn-°m¿ A-{]-Xy-£-cm-Ip-Ibpw C-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ F-∏-tgm Zn-√nbp-sS kw-ÿm-\-]-Z-hn G-Xm-≠v d-±m-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. X-eÿm-\ \-Kc - h - m-kn-Iƒ Withering away of state F-¥m-sW-∂v I¨ap-∂n¬ X-s∂ I-≠p.

A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv Zn-√n sslt°m-S-Xn-bpw kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bpw \n-߃ a-W-en¬ X-e-]q-gv-Øn-bncn-°p-I-bm-tWm F-∂v tI-{μ-k¿°m-cn-t\m-Sv tNm-Zn-®-Xv. tI-{μ-Øns‚ Xp-•-°n-b≥ hm-Iv-kn≥ \-bsØ \n-c-¥-c-am-bn Ip-S-™p-sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂X - .v ]-e hm-Ik -v n-\p-Iƒ°v ]-e C-S-ß-fn¬ ]-e B-ip-]{Xn-I-fn¬ ]-e hn-e F-∂ hn-Nn{X-am-b Cu t]m-fn-kn Xn-cp-Øm≥ tI-{μ-k¿-°m¿ C-Xp-h-tc-bpw Xøm-dm-bn-´n-√. C-Xn-s\m-s° C-S-bnem-Wv t]m-kn-‰o-hv B-bn Nn-¥n°m≥ kw-L-]-cn-hm¿ Nn-¥m-in_n-cw Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv. ]-cn-hm-c-߃ A-]-I-Sw a-W-Øn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v Np-cp-°w. _p-≤-s‚ I-Y-bn-se-∂t]m-se a-c-W-sa-Øm-Ø ho-Sn-s√∂v {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ a-\- n-em-°n-bncn-°p-∂p. I-Sp-Ip-a-Wn h-dp-°m≥ a-‰v am¿-§ß - ƒ tX-tS-≠n-hc - p-sa-∂ Xn-cn-®-dn-hm-Wv {]-Xo-£-sb-∏-‰n kw-km-cn-°m≥ {]-[m-\-a-{¥n-sb t{]-cn-∏n-°p-∂X - .v B-cm-[I - ¿-°,v P\-X-bv-°p X-s∂ X-∂n-ep-≈ hnizm-kw \-jvS- s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p F-∂ `-bw {]-[m-\-a-{¥n-tb-bpw Xo-≠nbn-´p-≠m-hW - w! hn-izm-kw, A-Xm-Wv F-√m-sa∂v \-tc-{μ-tam-Zn-bp-sS P-\k - Ω - X - nsb ap≥-\n¿-Øn-bp-≈ H-cp ]T-\Øn¬ A-tim-I bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰nbn-se A-[ym-]-I≥ \o-em-Rv-P≥ k¿-°m¿ F-gp-Xp-Ib - p-≠m-bn. The Politics of Viswas hn-izm-k-Øns‚ cm-jv-{So-bw˛F-∂m-Wv k¿°m¿ 2019 se tam-Zn-bp-sS s]mXp-Xn-cs - ™-Sp-∏v hn-Pb - s - Ø hn-iI-e-\w sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v F-Ønt®¿-∂ \n-K-a-\w. F-¥m-Wo hnizm-k-Øn-s‚ cm-jv-{So-bw? \o-em-Rv-P≥ k¿-°m¿ (Neelanjan Sirkar) C-ß-s\ F-gp-Xp-∂p: A form of personal politics in which voters prefer to centralise political power in a strong leader and trust the leader to make good decisions for the polity in con-

trast to the standard models of democratic accountability and issue based politics. A-[n-Im-c-sØ

i-‡\ - m-b H-cp t\-Xm-hn¬ tI-{μoI-cn-°p-Ib - pw A-bm-sf X-ßf - p-sS \-∑-bv-°p-X-Ip-∂ Xo-cp-am-\-߃ am-{Xw F-Sp-°p-∂ H-cm-fm-bn hn-izkn-°p-I-bpw sN-øm≥ P-\w X-ømdm-hp-∂ H-ch - ÿ - s - b-°p-dn-®m-Wv Xs‚ {]-_-‘-Øn¬ \o-em-Rv-P≥ k¿-°m¿ F-gp-Xn-b-Xv. Xn-c-s™Sp-∏v cm-jv-{So-b-Øn¬ km-[m-c-W \-SØ - s - ∏-Sp-∂ hn-eb - n-cp-Øe - p-Iƒ `-c-W-hn-j-b-ß-sf ap≥-\n¿-Ønbpw P-\m-[n-]-Xy am-\-Z-fi-߃˛]u-c\ - o-Xn, Xp-Sß - n-b˛]-cn-tim[n-®p-sIm-≠p-am-Wv. K-co-_n lTmthm F-∂v C-μn-cm-Km-‘n ]-d-™t∏mƒ P-\w A-h-cn¬ k-ºq¿-Æ hn-izm-kw A¿-∏n-®p. A-Xn-\v IW-°p-I-fp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\w H-∂pap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. tam-Zn-bp-sS "hn-izm-k cm-jv-{Sob-Øn-\v' c-≠v Im-c-W-߃ k¿°m¿ I-s≠-Øp-∂p-≠v. H-∂v, bqWn-‰-dn ln-μp tZ-io-b-X-bn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cpw _-lp-kz-c-Xbn¬ hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-h-cpw X-Ωn-ep≈ kw-L¿-jw aq¿-—n-°p-I-aq-ew ln-μp-kz-Xz-hm-Zn-Iƒ A-[n-Im-c tI-{μo-I-c-W-Øn-\v s^-U-d-en-kØn- s ‚ F- X n¿- ] - £ - Ø p- \ n- ∂ psIm-≠v ]n-¥p-W \¬-Ip-∂ A-hÿ D-≠m-Ip-∂p; c-≠v, _n-sP-]nbv° - v e-`y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂ am-[y-a˛- I - Ωyq-Wn-t°-j≥ t{km-X- p-Iƒ°p-ta-ep-≈ \n-b-{¥-Ww i-‡-amb ]m¿-´n sa-jn-\-dn-bp-sS k-lmb-tØm-sS thm-´¿-am-sc kw-L-Sn∏n-°m-\pw tam-Zn-bp-sS k-tμ-i߃ A-h-cn¬ F-Øn-°m-\pw Ah-sc A-Xn-te-°v B-I¿-jn-°p-hm\pw k-lm-bn-°p-∂p. (Cu hn-iI-e-\-Øn¬ Nn-e am-‰-߃ h-cpØn-bm¬ A-[n-Im-ct- I-{μo-Ic - W - w \-S-Øp-∂ ]-e t\-Xm-°-fp-tS-bpw Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v k-Ωn-Xn a-\- n-em°p- h m≥ \- s Ω k- l m- b n- t ®°mw.) X-s‚ {]-_-‘-Øn¬ k¿°m¿ \¬-In-b c-≠v I-W-°p-Iƒ {i-t≤-b-am-Wv: 1994˛98 Im-e-b-fhn¬ 44% t]¿ i-‡-\m-b t\-Xmhn¬ {]-Xo-£-b¿-∏n-®n-cp-∂p-sh¶n¬ 2010˛14 Im-e-b-f-hn¬ A-Xv 56% B-bn h¿-≤n-®n-cp-∂p. hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚ cm-jv-{So-bw i‡-\m-b t\-Xm-hn-s‚ \n-Xy-km-∂n[yw B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. am-{X-a√ A-bmƒ I-cp-X-en-s‚, {]-Xo-£-

bp-sS {]-hm-N-I-\pw B-th-≠-Xp≠v. P-\-X-˛-A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ F-¶nepw˛A-t∏mƒ t\-Xm-hn-s\ ap-Jhn-e-bv-°v F-Sp-°pw. tem-I-sa-ºmSpw Xm≥ B-Z-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh∂pw Xm≥ aq-ew C-¥y-bpw B-Zcn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-∂pw tam-Zn hn-fw_-cw sN-øp-tºmƒ A-\p-bm-bnIƒ A-Xv hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p-≠v. Fgp-]-Xv h¿-j-Øn¬ B-cpw sN-ømØ-Xm-Wv Xm≥ sN-øp-∂-sX-∂v tam-Zn ]-d-bp-tºmƒ A-h¿ ssIø-Sn-°p-∂p-≠v. i-cn-bm-bm-se-¥m sX-‰m-bm-se-¥m A-t±-lw A-Xnth-Kw Xo-cp-am-\-߃ F-Sp-°p-∂p≠-t√m F-∂v \ym-bo-I-c-Ww ]-ecpw \¬-Im-dp-≠v. tIm-hn-Un-s\ Xm≥ ]-cm-Pb - s - ∏-Sp-Øn F-∂v tamZn ]-d-™-t∏mƒ H-cp h¿-jw apºv A-\p-k-c-W-tbm-sS tem-°vUu¨ Im-e-Øv ho-´n-en-cn-°p-Itbm sXm-gn-ep-t]-£n-®v an-≠m-sX B-he - m-Xn-s∏-Sm-sX {Km-aß - f - n-te°v a-Sß - p-It- bm sN-bX v- a-\p-jy¿ A-Xv hn-iz-kn-®p. ap-Jm-h-c-W-hpw km-aq-ly A-I-e-hpw Im-‰n¬ ]-dØn A-h¿ _w-Kmƒ ]n-Sn-®S- ° - m≥ B-{I-aWw H-cp-°q-´n-b {]-[m-\-a{¥n-°pw Kr-l-a-{¥n-°pw sN-hnsIm- S p- Ø p. B- b n- c - ° - W - ° n- \ v t]¿ tIm-hn-Uv aq-ew a-cW - a - S- ™ Kp-P-dm-Øn¬ h®mWv tam-Zn-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ C-¥y tIm-hn-Uns‚ c-≠mw h-c-hn-t\-bpw Io-gv-s∏Sp-Øn F-∂v Kr-la - {- ¥n A-an-Xj v- m ]d™Xv. hn-izm-k cm-j{v- So-bØ - ns‚ ]-cn-an-Xn-ko-a-Iƒ C-hn-sS ]co-£n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. `-‡¿ t\m-´p-_μ - n-sb hn-iz-kn®p, _m-em-t°m-´n-s\ hn-iz-kn-®p, d-t^¬ hn-am-\-sØ hn-iz-kn-®p, Im-iv-ao-cn-se A-Xn-{I-a-ß-fp-sS \ym-bo-I-c-W-ß-sf hn-iz-kn-®p, ]u-cX - z-\n-ba - t- `-ZK - X - n-sb hn-iz-kn®p, km-º-Øn-I B-tcm-Ky-sØ°p-dn-®p-≈ hn-fw-_-c-߃ hn-izkn-®p, hn-iz-Kp-cp-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈ sI-´p-I-Y-Iƒ hn-iz-kn-®p. tIm-hnUn-s‚ I-Y hy-Xy-kvX - a - m-Wv. tImhn-Un-s‚ i-º-fw a-c-W-am-Wv. B bm-Ym¿-∞y-sØ \n-cm-I-cn-°m-\mWv jm B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, tam-Zn B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, B-Zn-Xy-\m-Yv B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, _n-sP-]n t\Xr-Xzw B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. D-≤-hv Xm-°t- d-bpw ]n-Wd - m-bn hn-Pb - \ - pw sl-a-¥v tkm-d-\pw A-c-hn-μv tIPv-dn-hm-fp-sam-∂pw A-Xv sN-øp-∂n√. P-\-X t\-cn-´ Zp-c-¥-sØ Aw-

Ko-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠v ]-cn-lm-c-߃ tX-Sp-I-bm-W-h¿. hn-izm-k-Øn-\-∏p-dw \n-e-sIm≈p-∂ H-cp bm-Ym¿-∞y-ap-≠v. {]Xo-£-b-‰ H-cp P-\-X-bp-sS km-∂n[yw. H-cp X-e-ap-d-bn-se G-‰-hpw anI-® sN-dp-∏-°m-sc `-c-W-Iq-Sw Pbn-en-e-S-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. a-dp-h-iØv sXm-gn-ep-Iƒ C-√m-Xm-hp-∂p. k¿-Δ-I-em-im-e-Iƒ Im-‰pw sh-fn®-hp-sa-Øm-Ø A-S-™ ap-dn-I-fmhp-∂p. Mood of Nation k¿-tΔ-Iƒ \-S-Øm-dp-≈ kn˛thm-´¿ F-∂ GP≥-kn-bp-sS A-[n-]≥ b-iz-h-¥v

t∏mƒ [m-cm-fw tIƒ-°m-\p-≠v.

G-Xp-hn-t[-\b - pw cm-Pyw hn-Sp-I F∂-Xn-t∏mƒ H-cp B{Klw F-∂Xn-t\-°mƒ B-h-iy-am-bn ]-e-cpw I-≠p-Xp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tIm-hn-Un-s‚ B-Lm-Xw G-sd G-‰X - v a-[y-h¿-§Ø - n≥-ta-em-W.v F√m-°m-e-Øpw h-S-t°-bn-¥y-bn]-e-bn-S-Øpw B-tcm-Ky-kw-hn-[m\w ]-cn-Xm-]-I-cw X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p. F-∂m¬ ]-Wh - pw km-aq-lym[n-Im-c-hpw s]m-Xp-kw-hn-[m-\-ßfn¬-\n-∂pw sa-®-s∏-´ B-Xp-c-ip{iq-j e-`n-°m-\pw ss{]-h-‰v kw-

tZ-iva - p-Jv A-Sp-Øn-sS F-gp-Xp-Ib - p≠m-bn: X-s‚ k¿-tΔ-Iƒ Nq-≠n°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv 80% t]¿ ]-d-bp∂-Xv `m-hn-sb-°p-dn-®v A-h¿-°v Hcp {]-Xo-£-bpw C-√ F-∂v. bp-≤ß-fpw h-cƒ-®-bpw sXm-gn-en-√m-bva-bpw sIm-Sp-ºn-cn-s°m-≠ 1960 Ifn-tem a-t‰m B-bn-cn-°-Ww C-Xn\p-ap-ºv C-Øc-sam-cp {]-Xo-£m-\jv-S-Øn-s‚ A-¥-co-£w C-¥ybn¬ cq-]-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv. tZ-iv-ap-Jv a-s‰m-cp Im-cyw Iq-Sn ]-d-bp-I-bp≠m-bn. G-gp h¿-j-Øn¬ B-Zyam-bn tam-Zn-bp-sS `-c-W-Øn¬ AXr-]X v- n tc-Js - ∏-Sp-Øn-bh - c - p-sS FÆw Xr-]vX - n tc-Js - ∏-Sp-Øn-bh - t- c°mƒ Iq-Sp-X-em-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AsX-¥m-bm-epw {]-Xo-£m-`cnXa√mØ H-cp `m-hn-bn-te-°v \o-ßp-∂p P-\-X F-∂-Xn-s‚ H-cp-]m-Sv I-YIƒ tIƒ-°m-\p-≠.v a-[y-h¿-§w GsX-¶n-epw hn-[-Øn¬ Ip-Spw-_tØm-sSm-∏w hn-tZ-i-Øp Ip-Sn-tbdm-t\m Ip-´n-I-sf A-b-°m-t\m X-øm-sd-Sp-°p-∂X - n-s‚ I-YI - ƒ C-

hn-[m-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂pw ]-cn-c-£ B-h-iy-s∏-Sm-\pw a-[y-h¿-§-sØ k-lm-bn-®n-cp-∂p. G-{]n¬-˛-sa-bv am-k-°m-e-Øv N-Ø-Sn-™-Xv B hn-izm-k-am-Wv. {]m-W-hm-bp In-´m™v H-cp ap≥ Aw-_m-kn-U¿ Bip-]-{Xn-bp-sS ]m¿-°nw-Kv C-S-Øpsh-®v a-c-W-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ H-cp h¿§-Øn-s‚ B-fl-hn-izm-kw Iq-Snbm-Wv sI-´p-t]m-b-Xv. H-cp-]m-Sv t]¿-°v C-∂v C-¥y kz-]v-\-ß-fpsS i-h-∏-d-ºp-am-{X-am-Wv. k-lo¿ ep-[ym≥-hn-bp-sS I-hnX-bn-te-°v a-S-ßn-h-cmw. k-cm apƒ-°v sI d-lv-_-tc tIm _p-em-thm/b-lv Ip-t—, blv K-en-bmw, b-lv a-km¿ Zn-Lmthm/ Pn-\v-tl \m-kv sl ln-μv ]¿ D≥-tIm em-thm (B-sc-¶n-epw Cu k-aq-l-Øns‚ Im-h-em-fp-I-sf hn-fn-®v Cu sX-cp-hp-Iƒ, i-h-Ip-So-c-߃ Im´n-s°m-Sp-°p-I/hn-fn-®p-hc - p-Øp-I, ln-μp-ÿm-\n¬ {]-Xo-£b - ¿-∏n-°p∂-h-sc Iq-´n-s°m-≠p-h-cn-I.)

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

7

Iym-]v-‰-\pw ]n-s∂ 20 a-{¥n-am-cpw:

tI-c-fw {]-kn-U≥-jy`-c-W-{I-a-Øn-te-°v tSm-an am-Xyp-

F

-¶n¬ ]n-W-dm-bn hn-P-b-t\m F-∂v hn-a¿-i-I-sc-s°m-≠v tNm-Zn∏n-°p-I X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p e-£yw.

"C-S-Xp-°pw ta-se C-S-Xm-'b-h-sc√mw B {Sm-∏n¬ I-Æpw-sI-´n t]mbn-ho-Wp. hy-‡n-Iƒ-°-√ \-b߃-°m-Wv {]m-[m-\yw; hy-‡n-bpsS an-I-h-√, Sow h¿-°m-Wv Im-cy£-a-X; a-{¥n-k-`-bn¬ ]p-Xp-ap-J߃ h-c-s´ F-∂ Xo-cp-am-\w C-SXp-]-£-Øn-\v am-{Xw km-[y-am-b [o-c-X-bm-Wv; ssj-e-P So-®¿ F-

8

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

∂ hy-‡n {]-[m-\a - √ - , C-SX - p-]£ k¿-°m-cn-s‚ B-tcm-Ky \-ba - m-Wv hn-P-bw I-≠-Xv... C-ß-s\-sbms° \ym-bo-I-c-W-sØm-gn-em-fnIƒ B tS-∏v sd-t°m¿-U¿ Hmt´m do-tπ sN-øp-tºmƒ \n-߃ B hm-b-S-∏≥ bp-‡n-bp-am-bn hc-W-sa-∂v X-s∂-bm-Wv ao-Un-b sk-√n-s‚ B-{K-lw. Im-c-Ww bp‡n _m-[-I-a-√m-Ø H-cp s]-UÃ-en¬ ]n-Wd - m-bn hn-Pb - s - ‚ _nw_-ÿm-]-\w ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-b-Xn\p-ti-j-am-Wv Cu I-Y-\w ]p-dsØ-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv X-s∂. \n-߃ ]-s£ e-fn-X bp-‡n-bn¬ A-`n-can- ® v , "F- ¶ n¬- ∏ n- W - d m- b ntbm?' F-∂ Xp-dp-∏p tNmZy-Øn¬ C-SX - p-]£ - s - Ø DØ-cw ap-´n-®-Xn-s‚ B-ÀmZ-Øn¬ A-Sp-Ø hn-j-bw tX-Sn-t∏m-Ipw. \n-ß-fp-sS A-tem-k-c-aq-eyw C-{X-°n{X am-{Xw F-∂v ]-t≠ IW-s°-Sp-Øn-´p X-s∂-bmWv R-ßf - o _nw-_ \n¿-ΩnXn Xp-Sß - n-bs - X-∂v ]n.B¿.Sow! F-√m-h-cpw k-a-∑m¿, ka-∑m-cn¬ ap≥-]≥ F-s∂√m-ap-≈ ]-g-b tem-I-Øns‚-bpw Im-e-Øn-s‚-bpw t\-Xr [m-c-W-I-sf C-t∏mgpw sI-´n-∏n-Sn-®p In-S-°p-∂h-tcm-Sv c-≠mw ]n-W-dm-bn ÿm-\m-tcm-l-Ww ]-®-°v ]-d-bp-∂p: t\-cw sh-fp-Øncn-°p-∂p k-Jm-°-sf; Cu ]p-Xn-b k-a-hm-Iy-Øn-te°p-W-cq˛ Iym-]v-‰-\pw ]n-

s∂ k-a-∑m-cpw. hy-‡n {]-[m-\-a√, A- X p- s Im- ≠ v ]m¿´nbpw k¿°mcpamb Iym]v‰≥ HgnsI as‰√mhcpw ap-J-an-√m-Ø k-a∑m¿. ssj-e-P So-®¿-°v ]-I-cw ho-Wm-tPm¿-P,v C.]n.P-bc - m-P\ - p ]I-cw Fw.hn. tKm-hn-μ≥, Fw.Fw.a-Wn-°p ]-I-cw sI.Ir-jv-W≥-Ip´n, tXm-a-kv sF-k-°n-\v ]-I-cw sI.F≥._m-e-tKm-]m¬. F-¥m Ip-g-∏w? £p-`n-X bu-Δ-\-Øn-s‚ F-gp-]-Xp-I-fn-e-√, a-lm-\m-b Aa-c-°m-c≥ F-∂ B ssN-\o-kv \m-tSm-Sn-s®m-√n-\v C-t∏m-gm-Wv ae-bm-f-Øn¬ e-£-W-bp-‡-am-b ]m-cU - n-bm-bX - v: Iym-]v‰ - ≥. sa-bv c≠n-t‚-bpw C-cp-]X - n-t‚-bpw B CS-th-f-bn¬ \-S-∂-Xv c-≠mw ]n-Wdm-bn a-{¥n-k-`-bp-sS L-S-\-bpw Aw-K-ß-fpw kw-_-‘n-® N¿-®-Ifpw Xo-cp-am-\-ß-fp-am-sW-∂ sX‰n-≤m-c-W B¿-°pw th-≠. `q-an a-e-bm-f-Øn-se B-Zy-sØ "sa-\s™-Sp-Ø' t\-Xr-_nw-_-Øn-s‚ {]-Xn-jvTm-]\ - {In-bI - f - m-Wv B Zn\-ßf - n¬ A-ct- ß-dn-bX - v. Hu-tZymKn-I k-Xy-{]-Xn-⁄-tbm-Sp Iq-Sn N-S-ßp-Iƒ k-am-]n-®p.

B C-S-th-f-sb-°p-dn-®v H-∂mtem-Nn-®p t\m-°q. sX-c-s™-Sp∏v hn-⁄m-]-\-tØm-sS enw-t_mbn-em-b-Xm-Wv `-c-W kw-hn-[m-\w. ^-e {]-Jym-]-\-Øn-\m-h-s´ thm´nw-Kv I-gn-™v H-cp am-k-tØm-S-SpØ Im-Øn-cn-∏pw. C-Xn-\n-sS tImhn-Uv km-l-N-cyw ssI-hn-´p I-gn™n-cp-∂p. ^-e {]-Jym-]-\-tØmsS F-{X-bpw th-Kw P-\m-[n-]-Xy k¿-°m¿ D-tZym-Kÿ hr-μØ - n¬-

th-≠-Xv X-e-sb-Sp-∏pw s\-©-f-hp-ap-≈ H-cp Iym-]v-‰\pw ]n-s∂ Im-cy-ti-jn-bp-≈ H-cp So-apw. s]m-fn-‰o-jy\v ]-I-cw s{]m-^-j-\-em-Wv B So-an-ep-≠m-th-≠-sX∂v "G-Xv {]-kn-U‚n-\pw' A-dn-bmw. `-c-W-{I-aw {]-knU≥-jy-em-bn-cn-°p-∂p.A-t∏mƒ- {S-ºn-\pw sPd-mU - v Ipjv-s\¿-°pw ]-ªn-Iv kv-{Iq-´n-\n-bn¬ _m-[-I-am-b-Xns\m-∂pw C-hn-sS hn-et- °¿-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - v \-∂√- t- √m. \n-∂pw I-Sn-™m¨ Xn-cn-sI hmßn Im-cy-߃ h-cp-Xn-bn-em-°m≥ Xp-S-ßpw F-∂-t√ P-\-߃ kzm`m-hn-am-bpw Nn-¥n-°p-I? c-≠mw ]n-Wd - m-bn k¿-°m¿ "Hm-Sn-s°m-≠v {]-th-in-°p'sa-∂v I-cp-Xn-bh - ¿-°v sX-‰n. ]p-Xp-bp-K∏ - n-dh - n-°v B-Imw£-bp-sS H-cp "B-Ka - \ - Im-ew' A\n-hm-cy-am-sW-∂v A-h¿-°v A-dn™p-Iq-Sm-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xp-sIm-s≠s¥-¶n-epw Ip-d-hp-≠m-tbm? temIv Uu¨ {]-Jym-]n-°s - ∏-´p; tImhn-Uv \n-b-{¥-W \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°-s∏-´p; hm-Iv-kn≥ hm-ßm≥ sS≥-U¿ \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ Xp-S-ßn; In‰p-Iƒ ho-´n-se-Øn. a-{¥n-k-`-bpsS A-`m-hw \n-ß-sf _m-[n-t®m? _m-[n-°n-√ F-∂v t_m-[y-s∏-Sm\pw Iq-Sn-bp-≈ k-a-b ssZ¿-Lyam-bn Cu C-S-th-f-sb Iq-´n-t°mfq. H-cp \q-‰m-≠v I-≠ G-‰-hpw hen-b B-tcm-Ky {]-Xn-k-‘n-°p \Sp-hn¬, k-am-\-X-I-fn-√m-Ø kmº-Øn-I {]-Xn-k‘ - n-°p \-Sp-hnH-cp ap-gp Izm¿-´¿, Im¬-h¿-jw, {]mXn-\n-[y k¿-°m¿ \n-kv-tX-P-\-am-

b H-cp t]m-fn-‰n-bm-bn tI-c-fw \ne-\n-∂p. Iym-]v-‰-s\m-cm-fp-sS am{Xw I-cp-Øn¬. P-\-Io-b a-{¥n-k`, Iq-´p-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xzw, k-a-∑m-cnap≥-]-s\-∂ t\-Xr-`m-h-\, C-h-bpsS-sbm-s° ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn-te apJ-ap-≈ a-{¥n-am¿-°v {]-k-‡n-bp≈q. a-dn-®m-hp-tºmƒ th-≠-Xv Xe-sb-Sp-∏pw s\-©-f-hp-ap-≈ H-cp Iym-]v‰ - \ - pw ]n-s∂ Im-cy-ti-jn-bp≈ H-cp So-apw X-s∂. s]m-fn-‰ojy-\v ]-I-cw s{]m-^-j-\-em-Wv B So-an-ep-≠m-th-≠-sX-∂v "G-Xv {]-kn-U‚n-\pw' A-dn-bmw. A-XpsIm-≠m-Wv 21 Aw-K a-{¥n-k` - F∂ Hu-]-Nm-cn-I ]p-d-t¥m-Sv ÿm]n-°-s∏-´-Xn-s‚ sXm-´-Sp-Ø Zn-hkw X-s∂ No-^v {]n≥-kn-∏sk-{I-´d - n F-∂ ÿm-\t- ∏-tcm-sS, In^v-_n s^bnw dn´. sF.F. Fkv. sI.Fw.F-{_-lm-an-s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ C-cp-]-tXm-fw X-s∂ h-cp-∂ i-cn-°p-≈ F-Iv-kn-Iyq-´ohpw D-]-tZ-i-Icmbn- Np-a-X-e-tb-‰Xv. tI-c-f kw-ÿm-\ {]-kn-U≥jy¬ `-c-W-{I-a-Øn-te-°v kzm-

KXw. hm-e‰ - w: B Sm-_q ew-Ln-°m≥ X-s∂ Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-∂p. ap-l-ΩZv dn-bm-kn-s‚ a-{¥n ÿm-\-sØ°p-dn-®v an≠cpXs{X. bp-h-P-\, h¿-§-_-lp-P-\ kw-L-S-\-I-fn{]-h¿-Øn-®v, ]-e sX-c-s™-Sp∏n¬ a-’-cn-®v tXm-‰v, C-t∏mƒ anI-® `q-cn-]-£-Øn¬ hn-P-bn-® apl-Ω-Zv dn-bm-kv a-{¥n-bm-bm¬ F¥m Ip-g-∏w? ap-Jy-a-{¥n-bp-sS aI-fp-sS `¿-Øm-hv F-∂p-≈-Xv H-ctbm-Ky-X-bm-tWm? Xo¿®bmbpw A-√; ]-t£, A-\u-Nn-Xyw BWv. "Izm-fn-^n-t°-j\ - n'¬ Ip-ds - hm∂p-an-√, "s{]m-ss{]-‰n'bn¬ A-kmcw tem-`-sa-t∂-bp-≈q. »v, »v.. i–-Øn-s‚ A-I-º-Sn-bn-√m-sX Xs∂ ]m¿-´n B-Œnw-Kv sk-{I-´-dn F. hn-P-b-cm-L-h-s‚ `m-cy B¿. _n-μp-hn-s‚ a-{¥n-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ Hu-Nn-Xy-hpw ^Ãv ^manen°nSbn¬ I-øm-fs - ∏-Sp-∂ h-Ip-∏p-If - pw A-h-bp-sS {]m-[m-\y-hpw N¿-® sN-ø-s∏-S-Ww. G-Xm-bm-epw `-c-W-{I-aw {]-knU≥-jy-em-bn-cn-°p-∂p. sNº√n, Icnao≥, tamcpIdn, Ahnbsdkn∏nIfmbpw B¿{Za\kv°\mb A—≥IYIfmbpw "{]Ya IpSpw_w' Fs∂mcp {]kv _o‰v tIcfØnse {][m\ am[ya ÿm]\߃ cq]s∏SpØn hcp∂p. A-t∏mƒ-]n-s∂ {S-ºn-\pw sPd-m-Uv Ip-jv-s\¿-°pw ]-ªn-Iv kv-{Iq-´n-\n-bn¬ _m-[-I-am-b-Xns\m-∂pw C-hn-sS hn-e-t°¿-s∏-SpØp-∂-Xv \-∂-√-t√m.

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

9

Im-°-bn-√, Im-°-am-cp-≠v, A-Xn-\m¬...

Zzo-]v Im-hn-b-Sn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ C. F-Ov. \-ko¿

C -¥y-bp-sS sX-°p ]-Sn-™md≥ Xo-c-Øp-\n-∂v C-cp-∂q-dn-e-[nIw In-tem-ao-‰¿ A-I-se-bp-≈ at\m-l-c-am-b H-cp Zzo-] k-aq-l-amWv e-£-Zzo-]v. 32N-Xp-c-{i In-temao-‰¿ hn-kv-Xo¿-W-ap-≈ Cu {]-tZiw C-¥y-bn-se F-‰-hpw sN-dn-b tI-{μ `-c-W-{]-tZ-i-am-Wv. 36 Zzo]p-I-fn¬ H-cp Zzo-]v sh-≈-Ønap-ßn-t∏m-hp-I-bp-≠m-bn. 35 Zzo-]pI-fn¬ 10 Zzo-]p-I-fn¬ am-{X-ta P\-hm-k-ap-≈q. "I-c-b-Sp-Øp' F-∂v e-£yw Im-Wn-°p-∂ Zzo-]p-Iƒ F∂ \n-e-°m-Wv e-£-Zzo-]v F-∂ t]-cp-≠m-bs - X-∂p ]-db - s - ∏-Sp-∂p. ]p-Xn-b tem-I-Øn-s‚ I-≈-Ø-c߃ H-∂p-ad - n-bm-Ø \n-jI v- f - ¶ - c - mb, kvt- \-ln-°m≥ am-{Xw A-dn-bm-

10

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

hp-∂ ]m-h-s∏-´-h¿ h-kn-°p-∂ ÿ-e-am-Wv e-£-Zzo-]v. ap-∏-Øn-b-©p h¿-jw ap≥-]mWv Rm≥ Zzo-]p-am-bn _-‘-s∏Sp-∂X - v. sIm-®n-bn¬ \n-∂pw e-£Zzo-]v bm-{X-°m-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ `mc-Xv- ko-a F-∂ I-∏-en¬ ]-®-°dn k-ssπ sN-øp-∂-Xp-am-bn _‘-s∏-´m-W-Xv. A-ß-s\ e-`n-® {]n-b¶ - c - \ - m-b Zzo-]v kp-lr-Øm-Wv ap-Øpt°m-b, Zzo-]n-se Hm-tcm hnti-j-߃ A-dn-bp-tºm-gpw A¤p-Xa - m-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xn¬ G‰hpw {]-[m-\a - m-bn tXm-∂n-bX - v A-Sp-Ø ho-Sp-Iƒ X-Ωn¬ th¿-Xn-cn-°p-∂ a-Xn-ep-I-tfm th-en-I-tfm H-∂pw A-h¿-°n-√ F-∂-Xm-Wv. B-sc-¶nepw sIm-®n-bn¬ ]-\-ºn-≈n \-Kcn-ep-≈ C-μn-cm-Km-‘n tlm-kv-]n‰-en-tem, ]-≈n-ap-°n-ep-≈ sa-Un°¬ {S-Ãn-tem Nn-In-’-°m-bn h∂m¬ sXm- ´ b¬-∏-°Øp-≈ ho- ´ p- I m¿- ° pw kz-¥w Zzo-]p-Imcm-b \m-´p-Im¿°pw hm-tß-≠p∂ km-[-\-ß-fpsS \o-≠ en-Ãv C-hc - p-sS I-øn-ep≠m- I pw. F- { X k-t¥m-j-tØmSpIq-Sn-bm-Wv Hmtcm km-[-\-hpw A-t\z-jn-®p Is≠-Øn hm-ßn `-{Z-am-bn kq-£n®p Hm-tcm-cp-Ø¿°pw A-h-c-h-cpsS ho-Sp-I-fnF-Øn-®p-sIm-Sp°p-∂X - v! ]-Øp Zzo-]pI-fn¬ am-{X-ta P-\-hm-k-ap-≈qsh-∂v t\-cs - Ø

kq-Nn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-t√m A-Xn¬ G-‰hpw h-en-b Zzo-]v X-e-ÿm-\-am-b I-h-c-Øn-bm-Wv. 99% ap-…nw-Iƒ Xm-a-kn-°p-∂ Zzo-]n-s‚ Hut-Z-ymKn-I `m-j a-e-bm-fw. an-\n-t°m-bnbn¬ a-l¬ F-∂ `m-j-bp-≠v.

2011se sk≥-k-kv {]-Im-cw 66000 B-fp-I-fm-Wv C-hn-sS Xm-a-kn-°p∂-Xv. sX-ßp-If - m¬ \n-d™ Cu Zzo-]n-s‚ {]-[m-\ h-cp-am-\-am¿-Kw ao≥ ]n-Sp-Ø-hpw Ir-jn-bp-am-Wv. C-¥y-bp-sS a-‰p kw-ÿm-\-ß-fnepw tI-{μ-`-c-W-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-epw \n-∂p hy-Xy-kX -v a - m-bn C-hn-sS km[m-cW - K-Xn-bn¬ Ip-‰I - r-Xy-ßf - pw D-≠m-Im-dn-√. A-Xp-sIm-≠v X-s∂ t]-cn-\p H-cp t]m-eo-kv kv-t‰-j≥ am-{X-am-Wv D-≈-Xv. 1956\v ti-jw 2021 h-sc B-sI 3 sIm-e-]m-XI-ß-fm-Wv Zzo-]n¬ dn-t∏m¿-´v- sNbv-Xn-´p-≈-Xv. X-t±-ihm-kn-If - √ - m-Øh - ¿-°v e£-Zzo-]n¬ {]-th-in-°p-∂X - n-\v \nb-a\ - p-kr-Xa - m-b s]¿-an-‰v B-hi - yam-Wv.- h-fs - c-b[ - n-Iw I-Sº - I - ƒ IS-∂m¬ am-{X-ta {]-th-i\ - m-\p-aX - n e-`n-°p-I-bp-≈q. bm-{X-°p-≈ A\p-a-Xn e-`n-®m-epw ]n-s∂-bp-ap-≠v {i-≤n-°m≥ G-sd Im-cy-߃. A{X \n-jv-I¿-j-bm-Wv A-h¿-°v Ah-cp-sS \m-Sp-am-bn A-hnSp-sØ kw-kv-Im-c-hp-am-bpw _-‘-s∏-´ Im-cy-ßf - n¬. _w-Km-cw Zzo-s]m-gn-®p _m-°nsb-√m Zzo-]p-I-fn-epw a-Zyw \n-tcm[n-®n-´p-≈-Xv sIm-≠v X-s∂ ]p-dØp \n-∂p-≈ k-©m-cn-I-fpw e£-Zzo-]v bm-{X-bn¬ a-Zyw D-]-tbmKn-°m-dn-√. a-Zy-]n-°p-∂h - s - c H-´pw C-„a - n-√m-Ø P-\X - b - m-Wv Zzo-]n-teXv. am-\y-am-bn h-kv-{X-[m-c-Ww \S-Øn am-{X-ta I-Se - p-If - n¬ \o-¥m≥ t]m-epw A-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-Sm-dp≈q. tIm-hn-Un-s‚ H-∂mw X-cw-KØn¬ C-¥y-bn¬ H-cp tIm-hn-Uv

e-£-Zzo-]v P-\-X-bp-sS k-hn-ti-j-am-b kz-Xzhpw kw-kv-Im-c-hpw B ]-hn-g-∏p-‰p-Iƒ \n-d™ a-t\m-lc- a- m-b {]-tZ-ih - pw F-s∂-t∂-°pam-bn \-„s- ∏-Sm≥ A-\p-hZ- n-°m-Xn-cn-°mw. tI-kv t]m-epw dnt∏m¿´v sN-ømØ H-cp {]-tZ-iw Zzo-]v B-bn-cp∂p. F-∂m¬ 2020 A-h-km-\tØm-Sv Iq-Sn tI-{μ-k¿-°m¿ ]pXn-b A-Uv-an-\n-kv-t{S-‰¿ B-bn ap≥ Kp-Pd - m-Øv B-`y-¥c - a-{¥n-bpw kw-L-]-cn-hm¿ k-lm-bm-{Xn-I-\pam-b {]-^p¬ sJm-U ]-t´-en-s\ \n-b-an-®-tXm-sS Zzo-]n-se ÿn-XnK-Xn-Iƒ B-sI am-dn-a-dn-™p. e£-Zzo-]v P-\-X-bp-sS ]-c-º-cm-K-X Po-hn-X-sØ A-´n-a-dn-°p-∂ \-S-]Sn-I-fm-Wv ]n-∂o-Sp-≠m-b-Xv. tImhn-Uv am-\Z- fi ß - f - n¬ C-fh - p-Iƒ {]-Jym-]n-®-tXm-sS Zzo-]n-se tImhn-Uv tI-kp-Iƒ A-øm-bn-cw I-S°p-Ib - pw tIm-hn-Uv a-cW - ß - ƒ dnt∏m¿-´v- sN-øp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fn-√m-Ø Cu {]-tZ-i-Øv Kp-≠m B-Œn-\p Xp-ey-am-b _n\-S-∏m-°n-b-Xv P-\-Po-hn-Xw Iq-SpX¬ Zp- l - a - m-°n, a-’y-_‘ - \ - w ap-Jy Po-h-t\m-]m-[n-bm-b C-h-cpsS t_m-´p-Iƒ kq-£n-®n-cp-∂ sjUp-Iƒ s]m-fn-®p \o-°n. Sq-dn-kw s{]m-tam-j≥ F-∂ hym-tP-\ kmap-Zm-bn-I hn-Im-c-ß-sf hr-W-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂ a-Zy-\n-tcm-[\ - \ - n-ba - w FSp-Øv I-fb - p-Ib - pw tKm-h[ - m-\n-tcm[-\\ - n-ba - w sIm-≠v h-cn-Ib - pw sNbv-Xp. ]-©m-b-Øv -k-l-I-c-W taJ-e-I-fn¬ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂ \n-b-{¥W-߃ I-Sp-∏n-°p-I-bpw I-em-Imbn-I hn-j-b-߃ ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂ A-[ym-]-I-sc ]n-cn-®p hn-Sp-I-bpw A-Sn-ÿm-\ th-X-\-Øn-∂m-bn ka-cw sN-bv-X t\-gv-kv-am-sc A-Sn-®a¿-Øp-I-bpw c-≠v Ip-´n-I-fn¬ IqSp-Xe - p-≈h - ¿-°v sX-cs - ™-Sp-∏na-’c - n-°m≥ ]m-Sn-√ Xp-Sß - n-b ^mkn-Ãp \n-b-a-ß-fp-am-bn `-c-W-IqSw ap-t∂m-´p t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv. \q‰m-≠p-I-fp-sS N-cn-{X-hpw ss]-XrI-hp-ap-≈ H-cp \m-Spw k-am-[m-\-w \n-d-™ A-h-cp-sS km-aq-ln-I A¥-co-£-hp-am-Wv kw-L-]-cn-hm-dns‚ h¿-Ko-b cm-{„o-b-Øn-\v C-cbm-hp-∂-Xv. D-≈p Xp-d∂ - v kvt- \-ln-°m≥ Ign-bp-I F-∂-Xm-Wv G-‰-hpw h-enb \-∑ F-∂v hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-h-cmWv Zzo-]v \n-hm-kn-Iƒ. H-cp Zzo-]pIm-c-s‚ A-Xn-Yn-bm-bn \mw A-hcp-sS \m-´n¬ sN-∂m¬ A-h¿ \-

Ω-sf A-h-cp-sS Zzo-]n-s‚ ap-°nepw aq-e-bn-epw sIm-≠v t]m-Ipw, hn-ce - n-se-Æm-hp-∂ tam-t´m¿ s - s_°p-I-fpw, Im-dp-I-fpw am-{X-ta-bp≈p. F-∂n-´pw A-h-cp-sS ss_°n¬ \-Ω-sf-bpw kv-t\-l-tØmsS tN¿-Øn-cp-Øn sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip∂ Im-gN v- I - ƒ a-[p-cn-°p-∂X - m-Wv. a-Xn-tem th-en-tbm πm-Ãn-Iv jo‰v a-d-I-tfm H-∂p-an-√m-Ø-Xp sIm≠v X-s∂ \-Ωp-sS I-S∏ - p-dß - f - nk-©-cn-°p-∂ {]-Xo-Xn-bm-W-∂p-`h-s∏-Sp-I. F-√m-h-cpw ]-c-kv-]-cw k-º¿-°-Øn¬ I-gn-bp-∂-Xv sIm≠v X-s∂ Hm-tcm ho-Sn-\pw ap-∂nepw \n-dp-Øn A-h-sc \-ap-°v ]-cnN-b-s]-Sp-Øn-bm-Wv ap-t∂m-´p \oßp-I. \m-an-ß-s\ bm-{X sN-øptºmƒ H-cp-]m-Sv B-Sp-Iƒ A-gn™p \-S-°p-∂-Xv Im-Wm≥ I-gnbpw. Hm-tcm ho-Sn-s‚ ]n-∂m-ºp-dß-fn-epw H-cp-]m-Sv \m-fn-tI-cw Iq´n-bn-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv Im-Wmw. F-√mh-cpw F-t∏m-gpw F-s¥-¶n-epw ]Wn-bn-em-bn-cn-°pw. an-° ho-´n-epw Ip-´n-I-sfm-s° tX-ß s]m-Xn-°p∂ ]-Wn-bn¬ G¿-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂X - v Im-Wmw. tX-ß sh-´n c-≠p ap-dnbm-°p-∂ ]-Wn-bn-tem, A-h D-W°n A-Xn¬ \n-∂pw sIm-{]-bm-°p∂ {]-hr-Øn-bn-tem G¿-s∏-´n-cn°p-∂-Xv Im-Wmw. ho-´v ap-‰-ß-fnepw sIm-{] D-W-°m-\n-´n-cn-°p-∂Xpw Im- W mw. a- ’ y- k - º - Ø p sIm-≠v k-º-∂-am-sW-¶n-epw a’y-ta-Je - b - n¬ ]-Wn-sb-Sp-°p-∂h¿ s]m-Xp-sh Z-cn-{Z-cm-Wv. Im-°mam¿ H-cp-]m-Sp-≈ Zzo-]n¬ s]m-Xpsh Im-°I-fn-√ F-∂-Xv h-en-b A-¤p-Xa - m-Wv. hn-ti-ja - m-bn-´p-≈Xv hn-`-h-k-ar-≤-am-b A-h-cp-sS k¬-°m-c-ß-fm-Wv. Sq-dn-kw ta-J-e-bp-sS ]-cn-t]mj-WØ - n-s\-∂ t]-cn¬ tIm¿-∏t- d‰v `o-a-∑m-sc Iq-´p-]n-Sn-®v e-£-Zzo]v P-\-X-bp-sS Po-hn-X-sØ X-I¿°p-∂- X-c-Øn-ep-≈ tI-{μ-k¿°m-dn-s‚ \-b-Øn-s∂-Xn-sc \mw i-–a - p-b¿-tØ-≠X - p-≠v. P-\n-®b - nS-ß-fn¬ \n-∂p-t]m-epw F-t∏mƒ th-W-sa-¶n-epw Ip-Sn-bn-d-°-s∏-Smhp-∂, A-`-bm¿-∞n-I-fm-hp-∂ B ]m-h-s]-´-h-tcm-Sv \mw sF-Iy-s∏Sp-I. e-£-Zzo-]v P-\-X-bp-sS k-hnti-j-am-b kz-Xz-hpw kw-kv-Im-chpw B ]-hn-g-∏p-‰p-Iƒ \n-d-™ a-t\m-l-c-am-b {]-tZ-i-hpw F-s∂t∂-°p-am-bn \-„-s∏-Sm≥ A-\ph-Zn-°m-Xn-cn-°mw.

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

11

a-gbpsS PohN-cn-{Xw \¬-Ip-∂ ap-∂-dn-bn-∏p-Iƒ

am-dp-I-bm-Wv \-Ωp-sS a-gIƒ

CSh∏mXnbnte°ndßp∂ Cu e°w agIsf°pdn®√msX Fßs\ XpSßm≥...

12

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

F-kv ]n c-hn

a-

e-bm-fn-Iƒ hn-hn-[ h¿-Æ-ßfn-ep-≈ ap-∂-dn-bn-∏p-Iƒ ]-cn-N-bs∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. C-Sh - ∏m-Xn-°v ap-ºv X-s∂ Np-h-∏v \n-dØn¬ Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ a-g ap-∂-dnbn-∏v, c-≠v Np-g-en-°m-‰p-I-fp-sS `oj-Wn... A-d-_n-°-S¬ {I-am-Xo-Xam-bn Nq-Sm-Ip-I-bm-sW-∂pw C-Xv ]-Sn-™m-d≥ Xo-cØ - v \yq-\a - ¿-±ß - fpw Np-ge - n-°m-‰p-sa-√mw cq-]w sIm≈m≥ A-\p-Iq-e-km-l-N-cyw kr„n-°p-sa-∂pw Im-em-h-ÿm-im-kv{X-⁄¿ ]-db - p-∂p. C-Øh - W - Ime-h¿-jw \-ap-s°-¥m-Wv I-cp-Xnsh-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂v I-≠p-X-s∂ A-dn-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \-Ωp-sS a-g am-dp-I-bm-Wv F-∂ kq-N-\-I-fm-Wv I-gn-™ Nn-e ]Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fm-bn Im-Wp-∂-Xv. 2016 ap-X-se-¶n-epw Cu am-‰-߃ IqSp-X¬ {]-I-S-am-Wv. Im-eam-Wv Cu am-‰-߃ Xm-ev-°m-en-I-amtWm ÿn-c-am-tWm F-∂v sX-fnbn-°pI. 2003-epw 2004-epw D-≠m-b XpS¿-h-cƒ-®-I-fpw 2007-epw 2009-epw 2013-ep-sa-√mw D-≠m-b A-Xn-hr-„nbp-sa-√mw a-g-bn¬ km-[m-c-W D≠m-Ip-∂ hm¿-jn-I hy-Xn-bm-\ß - fp-sS `m-Ka - m-bn am-{X-am-Wv ]-ec - pw I-≠-Xv. A-t∏m-gpw ]-t£ a-g s]øp-∂ co-Xn-If - n¬ h-cp-∂ am-‰w {i≤n-°s - ∏-´n-cp-∂p. i-cm-ic - n hm¿-jnI a-g-e-`y-X-bn¬ h-en-b am-‰-߃ C-√m-Xn-cn-°p-tºm-gpw a-g-Zn-\-߃ Ip-d-bp-∂-Xm-bpw s]-øp-∂ a-g-bpsS Xo-{h-X h¿-≤n-°p-∂X - m-bpw A\p-`h - s - ∏-´n-cp-∂p. Im-em-hÿ - m imkv-{X-⁄-cp-sS ]T-\-ß-fpw Cu Zn-i-bn-ep-≈ kq-N-\-I-fm-Wv \¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. C-Sp-°n-bn¬ ]-g-a°m¿ ]-d-bp-∂ \m¬-∏-Xmw \-º¿ a-g-sbm-s° C-t∏mƒ Im-Wm-t\ C-√. a-g-bp-sS Im-e-Øn-epw ]-et∏m-gpw am-‰-߃ h-cp-∂p. C-°me-b-f-hn¬ ]-e h¿-j-ß-fn-epw Pq¨ am-k-Øn¬ a-g ]-Xn-hn-epw Ip-d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. I-Øp-∂ shbn-ep-am-bn Xn-cp-hm-Xn-c Rm-‰p-the-bpw I¿-°n-S-I-hm-hpw I-S-∂pt]m-Ip-∂ A-\p-`h - ß - ƒ Nn-et- ∏msg-¶n-epw D-≠m-bn. Im-e-h¿-jw Zp¿-∫e - a - m-tI-≠ Nn-ßØ - n-epw I∂n-bp-sS B-Zy-]-Ip-Xn-bn-epw XpS¿-®-bm-bn a-g s]-øp-∂-Xpw Nn-e h¿-j-ß-fn¬ \-Ωƒ I-≠p. 2007-

epw 2013-ep-sa-√mw i-‡-am-b sh≈-s∏m-°-ap-≠m-bn.

2016 ap-X-ep-≈ h¿-j-ß-fnXp-S¿-®b - m-bn A-km-[m-cW - a - m-b ag-°m-e-߃-°m-Wv tI-c-fw km£n-bm-b-Xv. Im-e-h¿-j-hpw Xp-emh¿-j-hpw th-\¬-a-g-bpw H-cp-t]mse \-sΩ ssI-hn-´ h¿-j-am-bncp∂p 2016. \q-‰n-bn-cp-]X - v h¿-jß - ƒ°n-S-bn-se G-‰-hpw Ip-d-™ a-gbm-W-t{X A-∂v tI-c-f-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. Np-g-en-°m-‰p-Ifn¬ \n-∂v tI-c-f- Xo-cw Xm-c-Xtay-\ ap-‡a - m-Wv F-∂ [m-cW - b - mWv 2017-ep-≠m-b Hm-Jn Xn-cp-Ønb-Xv. "sXm-Æq-‰n-sbm≥-]-Xn'se sh-≈s - ∏m-°Ø - n-\v ti-ja - p-≈ G‰-hpw h-en-b sh-≈-s∏m-°-am-Wv 2018-¬ \-Ωƒ A-\p-`-hn-®-Xv. C-Xv am-{X-a-√ ]-t£ 2018-s\ A-S-bmf-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. _w-Kmƒ Dƒ-°-Sen¬ cq-]w-sIm-≠ H-cp Np-g-en-°m‰v "K-P'- H-cp ]-t£ B-Zy-am-bn ]›n-a-L-´w Xm-≠n tI-c-f-Øn-seØp-∂-Xn-\pw B h¿-jw \-Ωƒ km-£yw h-ln-®p. a-g Xo-sc Ip-d™ Pq¨, Pq-em-bv am-k-߃-°v ti-jw 2019 B-K-Ãv c-≠mw hm-cØn¬ s]-bv-X A-Xn-i-‡-am-b ag, ta-L- cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-se khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ sIm-≠v Im-em-hÿm im-kv-{X-⁄-sc A-º-c-∏n®n-cp-∂p.

Xp-S¿-{]-f-b-Øn-eq-sS 2018-se sh-≈s - ∏m-°w H-‰s - ∏-´X - m-bn-cp-∂n√ F-∂ kq-N-\ Iq-Sn 2019 \¬In. sk-]v-‰w-_¿ am-k-Øn¬ H-cp]-t£ G-‰-hpw Iq-Sn-b a-g tc-Js∏-Sp-Øn-b h¿-ja - m-Wv 2020. sXm´p-ap≥-]s - Ø c-≠p-h¿-jß - s - f At]-£n-®v a-g° - m-e Zp-c¥ - ß - ƒ Ipd-hm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw s]-´n-ap-Sn 2020s‚ Zp:J-am-bn A-h-ti-jn-°pw.

A-hn-Sp-sØ D-cpƒ-s]m-´e - n-s‚ Imc-W-߃ C-t∏m-gpw A-dn-bn-s√-¶nepw D-cpƒ-s]m-´¬ D-≠m-b {]-tZi-Øv ta-L hn-kv-t^m-S-\-k-a-amb A-Xn-i-‡-am-b a-g s]-bv-X-Xmbn Nn-e im-kv-{X-⁄¿ kw-i-bn°p-∂p-≠v.

Zo¿-LI - m-e i-cm-ic - n-tbm-Sv tN¿∂v \n¬-°p-∂ a-g Cu h¿-jw C¥y-bn¬ e-`n-°pw F-∂m-Wv tI{μ Im-em-h-ÿm-h-Ip-∏v I-W-°m°p-∂-Xv. tI-c-fw Dƒ-s∏-sS Nn-ebn-S-ß-fn¬ A-ev-]w A-[n-Iw a-g e-`n-°m-sa-∂pw A-h¿ I-W° - m-°p∂p. a-™p s]-tø-≠ a-I-c-am-kØn-s‚ Xp-S-°-Øn¬ s]-bv-X k-

\-Ωp-sS a-g am-dp-Ib - mWv F-∂ kq-N\ - I - f - mWv I-gn-™ Nn-e ]-Xn‰m-≠p-If - m-bn Im-Wp∂-Xv. 2016 ap-Xs- e-¶nepw Cu am-‰ß - ƒ IqSp-X¬ {]-IS- a- m-Wv. Imeam-Wv Cu am-‰ß - ƒ Xm-ev° - m-en-Ia- m-tWm ÿn-c-am-tWm F-∂v sX-fn-bn-°pI.

Nn{X߃:

{]Xm]v tPmk^v kptZh≥ s]cntßmSv Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

13

ar-≤a - m-b a-gt- bm-sS-bm-Wv 2021-se P-e-N-cn-{Xw Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xv. ]-Xn-hnepw H-∂c - a - S- t- ßm-fw A-[n-Iw th\¬-a-g-bpw In-´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. G{]n¬-sa-bv am-kß - f - n¬ e-`n-® th\¬-ag- b - n¬ Ip-Xn¿-∂ a-Æn-te-°mWv Im-e-h¿-jw F-Øp-∂-Xv. Ct∏mƒ-X-s∂ \o-scm-gp-°v h¿-≤n®p-Xp-S-ßn-b ]p-g-I-fn-te-°pw th\-e-dp-Xn-bn¬ th-≠-Xn-s‚ C-c-´nbn-e-[n-Iw sh-≈w kw-`-cn-°-s∏´n-cn-°p-∂ A-W-s°-´p-I-fn-te-°pam-Wv a-gs - h-≈w H-gp-In-sb-tØ-≠Xv. C-Xn-\n-sS tIm-hn-Uv I-W-°pIƒ G-‰-hpw D-b¿-∂p-\n¬-°p-Ibm-Wv. I-gn-™ c-≠p h¿-jß - s - ft∏m-se Pq¨-am-k-Øn¬ a-g Ipd-™n-cn-°-s´ F-∂m-{K-ln-°m-t\ \-ap-°m-Iq. a-dn-®m-bm¬ h-en-b sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Wv t\-cn-tS-≠n-h-cn-I. {]-[m-\a - m-bpw c-≠v L-SI - ß - f - mWv a-g-bp-sS am-‰-Øn-\v \n-Zm-\-ambn-´p-≈-Xv-, H-∂v {]m-tZ-in-I-hpw as‰m-∂v B-tKm-fX - e - Ø - n-ep-≈X - pw.

A-Xn-i-‡-am-bn a-g-Zn-\-߃ h¿≤n-°p-∂X - v Im-em-hÿ - m hy-Xn-bm\w aq-e-sa-∂m-Wv I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. am-\-h-cm-in-bp-sS \n-e-\n¬-∏ns\ X-s∂ tNm-Zyw sN-øp-∂ hen-b {]-Xn-k‘ - n-bm-bn h-f¿-∂p-Ign-™ Im-em-h-ÿm hy-Xn-bm-\w h-cpw-h¿-jß - f - n¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ cq-£am-Ipw. A-Xv \-Ωp-sS a-gb - n-epw th\¬-®q-Sn-ep-sa-√mw {]-Xn-^e - n-°pw F-∂p-th-Ww I-cp-Xp-hm≥. a¨kq¨ hm-X-߃ am-{X-a-√, A-h sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂ a-g ta-L-ß-sf XWp-∏n-®v a-g-bm-bn s]m-gn-bn-°p-∂ h-\m-hr-X-am-b k-ly-]¿-Δ-X-\n-cIƒ Iq-Sn-bm-Wv tI-cf - Ø - n-\n-{X kar-≤-am-b a-g \¬-In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ign-™ c-≠v \q-‰m-≠n-\n-sS, hn-tijn-®pw C-cp-]-Xmw \q-‰m-≠n¬ kly-s‚ ]-®-∏p-X-∏v an-°-hm-dpw \Ωƒ \o-°w sN-bv-Xp. A-tXm-sS ta-L-߃ ]-e-Xpw s]-øm-sX \sΩ I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂ km-l-N-cyap-≠m-bn. C-Sp-°n-bn-se-bpw h-b\m-´n-se-bp-sam-s° ]-g-b a-g C√m-Xm-b-Xn¬ ]-›n-a-L-´-Øn-s‚ \m-iw {]-[m-\ L-S-I-am-sW-∂pth-Ww I-cp-Xm≥. kw-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ i-cm-i-cn ag-e-`y-X 3000 an-√o-ao-‰-dm-bn-cn-°ptºmƒ X-s∂ In-g-°≥ a-e-\n-cI-fn¬ Nn-e-bn-S-ß-fn¬ 5000˛-6000 an. ao. hm¿-jn-I -h¿-j-]m-Xw e-`n®n-cp-∂p. Xo¿-®-bm-bpw A-Xn¬ hf-sc i-‡-am-b a-g-bp-≠m-Ipw. A-

14

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

∂v ]-t£ A-]q¿-Δw Nn-e h¿-jß-fn¬ H-gn-sI C-Xv km-[m-c-W a-es - h-≈Ø - n-\∏ - p-dw kr-„n-°m-dn√m-bn-cp-∂p, A-Y-hm A-∂v a-e-\mSn-\pw C-S-\m-Sn-\pw h-en-b a-g-sb H-cp ]-cn-[n h-sc Xm-ßm-\p-≈ tijn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C-∂v ]-t£ Nn{Xw A-X√ - . a-gs - h-≈w ]n-Sn-®p-\n¿Øm-\p-≈ a-e\ - n-cI - f - p-sS I-gn-hv \„-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. a-e-sh-≈-sØ Xm-ßm-\p-≈ I-gn-hv ]p-g-Iƒ-°pw \-„-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. s]-bv-Øp-sh≈w ti-J-cn-®n-cp-∂ C-S-\m-´n-se s\¬-∏m-S-߃ an-°-hm-dpw C-∂n√. X-cw-am-‰n-b {]-fb - X - S- ß - f - n¬ am{X-a-√, sh-≈-s∏m-°-Øn¬ \n-∂v kp-c-£n-Xw F-∂v I-cp-Xn-bn-cp-∂ C-S-ß-fn¬ t]m-epw 2018-epw 2019epw ]p-g I-bd - n-h∂ - X - v ap-If - n¬ kqNn-∏n-® Im-c-W-߃ sIm-≠p-IqSn-bm-Wv. \n-ch - [ - n Xn-cp-Øe - p-Iƒ Zo¿-LIm-em-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \-Ωƒ h-cptØ-≠-Xp-≠v. A-Xn-\p-≈ {]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Xp-S-ßp-hm≥ C-t∏mƒX-s∂ ssh-In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ A-Sn-b-¥n-c-am-bn \-ap-°v sN-øm-\m-hp-I a-g° - m-e Zp-c¥ - k - m[y-X-Iƒ ap≥-Iq-´n-°-≠v A-h eLq-I-cn-°m-\pw B-h-iy-am-b aps∂m-cp-°ß - ƒ \-SØ - m-\pw th-≠ \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ F-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv. Nne \n¿-t±-i-߃. tI-{μ-Im-em-h-ÿm-h-Ip-∏v (IMD) {l-kz-˛Zo¿-LI - m-e a-g{- ]-hN-\ß - ƒ \-SØ - p-∂p-≠.v C-Xn¬ cmPy-sØ Hm-tcm Pn-√-bn-epw A-SpØ A-©p-Zn-h-k-sØ a-g-km-[yX-Iƒ kw-_-‘n-® {]-h-N-\w Gsd {]-[m-\-am-Wv. Cu {]-h-N-\߃ \n-c-¥-cw A-]v-tU-‰v sN-øp∂p-ap-≠v. I-\-Ø a-g-tbm Im-t‰m {]- X o- £ n- ° p- ∂ k- a - b - ß - f nsXm-´-Sp-Ø aq-∂p-a-Wn-°q¿ k-ab-tØ-°p-≈ ap-∂-dn-bn-∏p-I-fpw IMD \¬-Im-dp-≠v. F-∂m¬ H-cp Pn-√-bv-°v sam-Ø-am-bp-≈ {]-h-N\-am-Wv IMD \-S-Øp-∂-Xv. Pn-√bn¬ ]-t£ ]-e-bn-S-Øpw hy-XykvX - a - m-b a-gb - m-Wv e-`n-°p-I. (]me-°m-Sv Pn-√-bn¬ A-Sp-Ø-Sp-Øv ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂ ssk-e‚ v-hm-enbn-epw A-´-∏m-Sn-bn-epw H-tc tXmXn-ep-≈ a-g-b-√-t√m e-`n-°p-I) IMD bpw a-‰v G-P≥-kn-I-fpw \S-Øp-∂ {]-h-N-\-߃ hn-e-bn-cpØn-bpw kz-¥w \n-co-£-W-߃ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bpw sIm-®n im-kv{- Xkm-t¶-Xn-I k¿-ΔI - e - m-im-eb - p-sS

Atmospheric Science hn-`m-Kw \-

S-Øp-∂ {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃ Cu ]›m-Øe - Ø - n¬ {i-t≤-ba - m-Wv. Ahn-sS tUm. F-kv. A-`n-em-jn-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ im-kv-{X-⁄cpw K-th-jI - c - pw tI-cf - Ø - n-s‚ Hmtcm {]-tZ-i-sØ-bpw a-g-km-[y-X kw-_-‘n-® tam-U-ep-Iƒ X-ømdm-°p-I-bpw A-Xv s]m-Xp-k-aq-lØn-\v e-`y-am-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p≠v. G-sd D-]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-b C-hcp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-sf \n¿-`m-Kyh-im¬ A-[n-Ir-X¿ D-]-tbm-K-s∏Sp-Øp-∂n√.

2018-¬ A-W-s°-´p-Iƒ ssIIm-cyw sN-øp-∂-Xn¬ D-≠m-b hogv-N G-sd N¿-® sN-ø-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw C-Sp-°n-bpw C-S-ae-bm-dpw I-°n-bpw Dƒ-s∏-sS Nne A-W-s°-´p-I-fn¬ H-cp ]-cn-[n h-sc {]-f-b-\n-b-{¥-Ww km-[y-amIm-hp-∂ X-c-Øn¬ rule curve, emergency action plan Xp-S-ßn-bh X-øm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. F-∂m¬ Xan-gv-\m-Sn-s‚ ssI-h-i-ap-≈ A-Ws°-´p-If - n-epw tI-cf - Ø - n-se tjmf-bm-dn-epw an-° sN-dp A-W-s°´p-I-fn-epw {]-f-b \n-b-{¥-W-Øn\v D-X-Ip-∂ X-c-Øn-ep-≈ rule curve A-√ D-≈-Xv. h-ep-Xpw sNdp-Xp-am-b F-√m A-W-s°-´p-Iƒ°pw A-h-bp-sS {]-f-b \n-b-{¥W-km-[y-X F-{X ]-cn-an-X-am-sW¶n-epw B km-[y-X-Iƒ D-]-tbmK-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ I-gn-bp-∂ {]-h¿-Ø\-{I-aw D-≠m-I-Ww. {]-f-b km[y-X-tbm h-cƒ-®m km-[y-X-tbm D-≈ k-a-b-ß-fn¬ A-W-s°-´p-Ifp-sS {]-h¿-Ø\ - w ]p-gØ - S- Ø - n-se X-t±-ik - z-bw-`c - W - ÿm-]\ - {]-Xn\n-[n-If - pw Zp-c¥ - \ - n-hm-cW - Np-aX - e-bp-≈ D-tZym-Kÿ c - pw Fw FF-am-cpw hn-Z-Kv-≤-cpw Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂ k-an-Xn-If - p-sS \n¿-t±-iß - ƒ-°v IqSn hn-t[-b-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. tem-°v-Uu-Wpw Iq-Sn-b th\¬-a-g-bpw aq-ew kw-ÿm-\-sØ ssh-Zyp-tXm-ev-]m-Z-\w K-Wy-am-bn Ip-d™ n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. C-Xv aq-ew ssh-Zyp-Xn-t_m¿-Un-s‚ Np-a-X-ebn-ep-≈ A-W-s°-´p-I-fn¬ k-ao]- h¿-j-ß-fn-se G-‰-hpw D-b¿-∂ P-e-ti-J-c-am-Wp-≈-Xv. 25/5/2021 cm-hn-se F-√m P-e-kw-`-c-Wn-I-fnepw Iq-Sn 1395 Z-i-e-£w bq-Wn-‰v ssh-Zyp-Xn D-ev] - m-Zn-∏n-°m-\p-≈ Pew A-h-ti-jn-°p-∂p-≠v. 2018-1012 Z-i-e-£w bq-Wn-‰pw 2020-1216 Z-i-e-£w bq-Wn-‰pw ssh-Zyp-

Xn D-ev-]m-Zn-∏n-°m-\m-h-iy-am-b Pe-am-Wv D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. sa-bv 31\v I-cp-X¬ ti-J-c-am-bn 700 Z-ie-£w bq-Wn-‰v ssh-Zyp-Xn-°p-≈ sh-≈w th-≠-bn-S-Øm-Wv A-Xns‚ C-c-´n-tbm-fw P-ew C-t∏m-gp≈-Xv. C-Xv Xo¿-®-bm-bpw sh-√phn-fn-bm-Wv. 2018-se sh-≈-s∏m°w G-‰-hp-a-[n-Iw _m-[n-® s]cn-bm¿, ]-º, Nm-e-°p-Sn-∏p-g-Ø-Sß-fn-se A-Ws - °-´p-If - n¬ h-fs - c D-b¿-∂ P-et- i-Jc - a - m-Wp-≈X - v. AXn-\m¬-Øs - ∂ P-ek - w-`c - W - n-Iƒ ssI-Im-cyw sN-øp-∂-Xn¬ C-Øh-W A-Xo-h-Pm-{K-X B-h-iy-amWv. Xm-sg-Ø-´n¬ D-]-tbm-Kn-°m\m-Ip-∂ hn-[Ø - n-ep-≈ {]-fb - k - m[y-Xm `q-]-S-tam hn-hn-[ L-S-I߃ ]-cn-K-Wn-®v {]-f-b-km-[y-X I-W-°m-°m-hp-∂ tam-U-ep-I-tfm \-ap-°n-\n-bpw C-s√-∂X - v h-en-b ]cn-an-Xn-bm-Wv. F-{X-bpw th-Kw CXn-\p-≈ {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃ \-S-°Ww. {]-f-b-km-[y-X-bp-≈ k-a-bß-fn¬ X¬-ka - b - \n-co-£W - k - whn-[m-\-߃ (realtime monitoring) D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv ap-s∂m-cp-°-ßsf G-sd k-lm-bn-°pw. a-g-sb°p-dn-®pw A-W-s°-´p-I-fn-se Pe-ÿn-Xn kw-_-‘n-®pw ]p-g-bnse P-e-\n-c-∏n-s\ kw-_-‘n-®pw e-`y-am-b hn-hc - ß - f - p-sS A-Sn-ÿm\-Øn¬ Nm-e-°p-Sn-∏p-g kw-c-£W-ka - n-Xn-bpw P-\I - o-ba - m-bn ÿm]n-® a-ga - m-]n-\n-If - pw P-e\ - n-c∏ - v kvsI-bn-ep-If - pw D-]t- bm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øns°m-≠v ao-\® - n¬ \-Zo-kw-c£ - W - k-an-Xn-bpw \-S-Øp-∂ \n-co-£-W߃-°pw hn-eb - n-cp-Øe - p-Iƒ-°pw G-sd kzo-Im-cy-X-bp-≠v. B-h-iyam-b F-√m hn-h-c-ß-fpw b-Ym-ka-bw e-`y-am-°n-s°m-≠v C-Xv P-\ ]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØm-sS-bp-≈ Hu-tZymKn-I kw-hn-[m-\a - m-bn am-dp-∂X - v hf-sc Kp-Ww sN-øpw.

I-\-Ø a-g {]-am-Wn-t®m AW-s°-´p-Iƒ Xp-d-∂p hn-Sp-∂-Xnt\m-S-\p-_-‘n-t®m ]p-g-Øo-c \nhm-kn-Iƒ Pm-{K-X ]m-en-°-Ww F-∂ a-´n-ep-≈ s]m-Xp ap-∂-dn-bn∏p-Iƒ am-td-≠ Im-ew I-gn-™ncn- ° p- ∂ p. sh- ≈ - s ∏m- ° - a p- ≠ mbm¬ A-Xv _m-[n-°m-\n-S-bp-≈ Hm-tcm ho-´p-Im¿-°pw t\-cn-´v ap∂-dn-bn-∏v e-`n-°p-∂ kw-hn-[m-\߃ A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. h-cpw-h¿-j-ß-fn¬ `q-an-bn-se

]-cn-ÿn-Xn ]p-\:ÿm-]\ - w Dƒ-s∏-sSbp-≈ \-S] - S- n-Iƒ A-Sn-b¥ - n-ca- m-bn B-cw-`n-°W - w. \-Ωp-sS Po-hn-X ssi-en-bn-epw hn-Ik - \ - Im-gvN - ∏ - m-Snepw {]-Ir-Xn-]-£ am-‰-߃ h-c-Ww. Im-em-hÿ - m hy-Xn-bm-\s- Ø sN-dp°m-\m-Ip-∂ hn-[a- m-IW - w \-Ωp-sS Hm-tcm {]-hr-Øn-bpw.

Xm-]-\n-e C-\n-bpw D-b-cpw F-∂ Im-cy-Øn¬ im-kv{- X-⁄¿ G-Im`n-{]m-b° - m-cm-W.v h¿-≤\ - h - n-s‚ Af-hn-s\ kw-_‘ - n-®v am-{X-am-Wv Dd-∏n-√m-ØX - v.

Nq-Sv C-\n-bpw Iq-Sp-∂-Xv Xo¿®-bm-bpw a-g-bn-epw {]-Xn-^-en°pw. 2018-epw 2019-epw s]-bv-X-Xnt\-°mƒ i-‡-am-b a-g (24 a-Wn°q-dn¬ 50 sk‚o-ao-‰-tdm A-Xne-[n-I-tam) s]-bv-Xm¬ A-Xv Xmßm≥ C-∂v tI-c-f-Øn-se H-cp ]p-

g-Ø-S-Øn-\pw B-In-√. k-ly-]¿Δ-X-\n-c-Iƒ-°v ho-≠pw a-g-sh-≈Øn-sem-cp `m-Kw ]n-Sn-®p-\n¿-Øm\m-I-Ww. A-Xn-\m-bn ]-cn-ÿn-Xn ]p-\:ÿm-]\ - w Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ A-Sn-b-¥n-c-am-bn B-cw`n-°-Ww. \-Ωp-sS Po-hn-X ssien-bn-epw hn-Ik - \ - Im-gN v- ∏ - m-Sn-epw {]-Ir-Xn-]-£ am-‰-߃ h-c-Ww. Im-em-h-ÿm hy-Xn-bm-\-sØ sNdp-°m-\m-Ip-∂ hn-[a - m-IW - w \-ΩpsS Hm-tcm {]-hr-Øn-bpw.

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

15

sI. cm-a-N-{μ≥

tI-

c-f-Øn-se am-dn-h-cp-∂ a¨-kq¨ am-Xr-I-I-sf {i-≤n-°p∂-h¿-°v Im-em-hÿ - m-hy-Xn-bm-\w F-∂ k-ao-]-Im-e {]-Xn-`m-k-Øns‚ {]-`m-hw A-\p-`h - n-®d - n-bm≥ Ign-bpw. \m-´-dn-hn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\Øn-ep-≈ ]-cn-tim-[-\ a-Xn C-Xv t_m-[y-s∏-Sm≥. A-Øc - w A-dn-hpI-fpw C-\n Zp-c-¥-\n-hm-c-W-Øn-\v {]-tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠ L-´-Ønem-Wv \-Ωƒ C-t∏mƒ F-Øn-t®¿∂n-´p-≈-Xv.

a-g A-∂v

C-Sn-®p-I-f-™ a-e-I-sf-{X? I-S-se-Sp-Ø I-c-sb-{X? {]-Xym-Lm-X-߃ s\-™n-Sn-t∏m-sS \-ap-°v Im-Øn-cn-°mw

16

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

k-ly-\pw A-d-_n-°-S-en-\p-an-Sbn-se In-S-∏v sIm-≠pw, `q-an-imkv-{X-]-c-am-b k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ sIm-≠pw, sX-°v ]-Sn-™m-d≥, hS-°p In-g-°≥ F-∂o Im-e-h¿j-°m-‰p-Iƒ sIm-≠pw tI-c-f-Øns‚ h¿-j-]m-Xw \q-‰m-≠p-I-fmbn G-sd-°p-sd h-en-b G-‰-°p-d®n-ep-I-fn-√m-sX Xp-S¿-∂p t]m-∂ncp-∂ H-∂m-Wv. a-g-bp-sS k-a-b-IrXy-X-bpw A-f-hpw Xo-£v-W-X-bpw F-√mw a-\- n-em-°n-b-Xn-s‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv Ir-jn \-S-∂p t]m-∂n-cp-∂X - v. a-gs - b B-{i-bn-®p≈ "H-cp Nq-Xm-´-am-Wv C-¥y-bnIr-jn' F-s∂m-s° ]mT-]p-kv-XI-߃ ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-s∂-¶n-epw tIc-f-Øn-¬ Im-em-h-ÿ h-ep-Xm-bn I¿-j-I-sc N-Xn-®n-cp-∂n-√ F-∂v ]-ga - ° - m¿ ]-db - p-∂p. A-Xn-\v ÿnc-X-bpw {]-h-N-\-£-a-X-bpw D-≠mbn-cp-∂p F-∂p ]-gb - ]-e B-Jym\-ß-fpw km-£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v.

D-Zm-lc - W - Ø - n-\v, tI-cf - Ø - n¬ FS-h-∏m-Xn Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xn-∂v \n-e-\n∂p-t]m-∂ Ir-Xy-X-sb-°p-dn-®p km-[m-c-W a-\p-jy¿-°v t]m-epw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂ [m-c-W-sb-°p-dn-®p hn-√yw tem-K≥ 1887 ¬ {]-kn-≤oI-cn-® a-e-_m¿ am-\z-en¬ A¤p-X-tØm-sS hn-h-cn-°p-∂p-≠v: "Im-em-h-ÿ-sb kw-_-‘n-®nS-tØm-fw F-Sp-Øp ]-d-tb-≠-Xv A-Xn-s‚ Ir-Xy-X-bm-Wv. Cu {KŸ-I-¿-Øm-hn-\p-≠m-b H-c-\p-`-hw ]-d-bmw. H-cp s^-{_p-h-cn-am-kw A-h-km-\-Øn-tem am¿-®v B-ZyØn-tem B-Wv, Im-e-h¿-jw Ft∏mƒ D-≠m-Ip-sa-∂v H-cm-tfm-Sv A-t\z-jn-°p-hm≥ C-S-bm-bn. Af-∂p-ap-dn-®X - p-t]m-se A-t∏mƒ Xs∂ a-dp-]-Sn In-´n. am¿-®v 22 \p D-

a¨kqWnhcm\ncn°p∂Xv ® Xn-cn-™p c-≠p-a-Wn-°v B-ZysØ a-g-®m-‰¬ In-´pw. ]-d-™-Xpt]m-se kw-`-hn-°p-I-bpw sN-bvXp. H-c-©p an-\p-´n-s‚ hy-Xym-kØn-e!v ' am¿-®v ap-X¬ ta-bv h-sc th\¬, Pq¨ sXm-´v G-Xm-≠v k-]vXw-_¿ h-sc C-S-h-∏m-Xn, H-tŒm_¿ ap-X¬ Un-kw-_¿ h-sc Xpem-h¿-jw, ]n-s∂ a-™p-Im-ew F∂n-ßs - \-bm-Wv tI-cf - Ø - n-se Imem-h-ÿ. a-g-bn¬ 70 i-X-am-\-hpw e-`n-°p-∂-Xv sX-°p ]-Sn-™m-d≥ Im-eh - ¿-j° - m-‰v sIm-≠p-hc - p-∂ CS-h-∏m-Xn Im-e-h¿-j-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv. i-cm-i-cn 2250˛2500 an. ao a-g Cu- k-a-b-Øv In-´pw. Xp-em-h¿-jØn-em-I-s´, i-cm-i-cn 450˛500 an.ao tXm-Xn-em-Wv In-´p-I. _m°n-bp-≈-Xv th-\¬ a-g-bm-bn In´pw. C-Xn¬ X-s∂ sX-°pw h-S°p-ap-≈ Pn-√-I-fn¬ s]-øp-∂ a-gbp-sS tXm-Xn¬ hy-Xym-k-hpw ]Xn-hp-≠v.

a-g C-∂v F-∂m¬ G-Xm-\pw h¿-jß - f - mbn Cu A-f-hp-I-fn¬ {]-I-S-am-b G- ‰ - ° p- d - ® n- e p- I ƒ D- ≠ m- b n.

2012¬ a-g Ip-d-hp-≠m-bn ]-e Pn√-I-fn-epw h-cƒ-® h-∂p. 2013C-Sp-°n Pn-√b - n¬ am-{Xw A-Xn-h¿j-ap-≠m-bn. km-[m-c-W-bn¬ -\n∂pw 26% Iq-Sp-X¬ a-g s]-bv-Xp. 2014¬ ho-≠pw km-[m-c-W \n-ebm-bn. F-∂m¬, 2014¬ ]-Xn-hp≈-Xn-epw 26% Ip-d-hm-bn-cp-∂p ag. 2016¬ Cu Ip-d-hv 34% B-bn D-b¿-∂p. 2017epw Ip-d-™ a-g-bmWv e-`n-®-Xv. F-∂m¬, 2018¬ ]-Xn-hn-epw aq∂p Zn-hk - w ap-tº Im-eh - ¿-jw FØn. 2040 an.ao. a-g s]-øp-∂ ÿm\-Øv 2515.7 an. ao. A-Xm-b-Xv 24%

A-[n-Iw a-g s]-bv-Xp. C-Xn¬-Øs∂ C-Sp-°n Pn-√-bn¬ 67% a-g A[n-Iw s]-bv-Xp. A-ß-s\-bm-Wv B-K-kv-Xv B-Zy ]-Ip-Xn-bn¬ Ign-™ 100 sIm-√Ø - n-\n-Sb - n-se G‰-hpw h-en-b {]-f-bw D-≠m-b-Xv. 2019¬ ho-≠pw 12.8% a-g Iq-Sp-Xs]-bv-Xp. ]-e Pn-√-I-fn-epw \-ZnIƒ I-c I-hn-™p. {]-f-b-s°-SpXn- I ƒ B- h ¿- Ø n- ® p. 202010.2% a-g A-[n-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. Imk¿-tKm-´m-bn-cp-∂p G-‰-hp-a-[n-Iw a-g s]-bvX - X - v. I-Æq¿, tIm-gn-t°mSv Pn-√-I-fn-epw A-[n-Iw a-g s]-bvXp. F-∂m¬ {]-f-b-s°-Sp-Xn-Iƒ A-[n-Ia - m-bn h-S° - ≥ tI-cf - Ø - nD-≠m-bn-√. `q-hn-\n-tbm-K-Øn-s‚bpw ]p-g-I-fn-se H-gp-°n-s‚-bpw Im-cy-Øn¬ Xm-cX - t- ay-\ sX-°≥ tI-cf-sØ A-t]-£n-®p C-hn-Sß - fn-ep-≠m-b hy-Xym-k-am-Wv {]-f-bap-≠m-hp-∂-Xv X-S-™-Xv. C-s°m-√w, A-Xm-b-Xv 2021sa-bv 6 ap-X¬ 12h-sc-bp-≈ Zn-hk-ß-fn¬ 70% Iq-Sp-X¬ B-Wv Cu a-g. H-cm-gv-N-bv¬ 39.8% a-g-bpsS ÿm-\-Øv 67.6% a-g-bm-Wv s]bv-X-Xv. I-S-en¬ cq-]w sIm-≠ sSu-sŒ F-∂ sIm-Sp-¶m-‰m-Wv CXn-\p Im-c-W-am-b-Xv. t\-c-sØ, 2017 \-hw-_¿ 24\p 143 a-’y sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS Po-h-s\-Sp-Ø Hm-Jn F-∂ sIm-Sp-¶m-‰p tI-c-f Xo-c-Øv \m-i-߃ hn-X-®-Xv Cu k-μ¿-`-Øn¬ Hm¿-°mw. tI-c-fXo-cØ - v Np-h∏ - v, Hm-d© - v, a-™ Pm{K-Xm- \n¿-tZ-i-߃ \¬-In-b-Xn\m-em-Wv C-Ø-h-W Po-hm-]m-bw Ip-d-™-Xv. Zp-c-¥ \n-hm-c-W-sØ°p-dn-®p P-\-ß-fn¬ ]p-Xp-Xm-bn D-≠m-b A-h-t_m-[w, Im-cy-߃ Iq-Sp-X¬ H-cp-ßn t\-cn-Sm-\p-≈ Pm{K-X-bp-≠m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. {]-f-bw, sIm-Sp-¶m-‰v Xp-S-ßn-b

{]-Xn-`m-k-߃ aq-ew Zp-c-¥-߃ A-Xy-]q¿-h-am-bn am-{X-am-Wv tI-cf-Øn¬ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. a-g Iq-SpX¬ s]-bv-Xm¬-t]m-epw A-Xv {]f-b-am-bn am-dp-∂ Zp-ÿn-Xn an-°t∏m-gpw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√ F-∂m-Wp 19m˛w \q-‰m-≠n-s‚ H-Sp-hn¬ temK≥ Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®n-´p-≈-Xv: "A-Xn-h-¿-j-hpw sh-≈-s∏m-°hpw a-e-bm-f-°-c-bn¬ A-]q¿-h-a√. 1882 sa-bv 19,20 \p \-S-∂ `-b¶-c h¿-j-]m-X-Øn¬ tIm-gn-t°mSv a-g-am-]n-\n-Iƒ 24 a-Wn-°q-dn\p-≈n¬ 18 ap-X¬ 25 h-sc C-©v a-g s]-bv-X-Xm-bn tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn.

F-∂m¬ A-Xn-h¿-jw sIm-≠p≠m-hp-∂ {]-f-b-P-ew sIm-≠v ]d-bØ - ° - `-hn-jy-Øp-Iƒ \m-´nD-≠m-hm-dn-√. A-Xn-\p Im-c-Ww, bp-K-ß-fm-bn {]-f-b-P-ew Dƒ-sIm≈m-\p-≈ ]-c-∏pw B-g-hpw \-ZnIƒ B¿-Pn-®n-´p-≠v F-∂-Xm-Wv. km-[m-cW - sh-≈s - ∏m-°Ø - n¬ Ic-Iƒ I-hn-™p H-gp-Im-dn-√. `q-anbp-sS D-]c - n-Xe - Ø - n-ep-≈ A-bt- hdn-b a-Æn-\v a-g-sh-≈w F-fp-∏w hen-s®-Sp-°m≥ I-gn-bp-∂X - p-aq-ew Hcp I-\-Ø a-g I-gn-™ D-S≥ \m´p-]m-Xb - n¬ C-dß - n-\S- ° - p-∂ H-cmfn-\v A-ß-s\ H-cp a-g s]-bv-X-Xmbn tXm-∂p-I-bn-√. sh-≈w hm¿s∂m-en-®p t]m-bn-cn-°pw.'

{]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS hn-Ir-Xn-tbm kz-bw-Ir-Xm-\¿-∞t- am?

G-Xm-≠v 130 sIm-√w ap-ºp-≠mb A-Xn-hr-„n-bp-sS k-μ¿-`Ø - ntem-K≥ Ip-dn-® hm-°p-Iƒ A-tX]-Sn C-hn-sS ]-I¿-Øn-bX - v A-∂pw C-∂p-ap-≈ A-h-ÿ-I-sf H-∂v a\- n¬ Xm-c-X-ayw sN-øm-\p-≈ ku-I-cy-Øn-\m-Wv. sX-‰m-b `q-hn\n-tbm-Kw, Ir-jn-bn¬ h-cp-Øn-b am-‰-߃, ]p-g-I-sf-bpw X-Æo¿ X-

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

17

tI-cf - Ø - n-se {]-Xn-am-k i-cm-ic - n h-¿j-]m-Xw am-kw P-\p. s^-{_p. am-¿-®v- G-{]n¬ sa-bv a-g/an.ao 14.6 16.6 36.1 110.9 252.6

S-ß-sf-bpw \-in-∏n-®-Xv, P-e-\n¿K-a-\ am¿-K-ß-sf X-S- -s∏-Sp-Ønb-Xv, ]m-cn-ÿn-Xn-I ]-cn-K-W-\Iƒ G-Xp-an-√m-sX "hn-I-k-\w' s]m-Sn-s]m-Sn-®X - vC - s - Xm-s°-bm-Wv a-g-bp-sS A-f-hn¬ h-cp-∂ t\-cnb H-cp h-¿-≤\-hpt]m-epw C-∂v sIm-Sn-b {]-f-b-߃-°pw Zp-cn-X߃-°pw C-Sb - m-°p-∂X - .v I-gn-™ H-t∂-Im¬ \q-‰m-≠p-sIm-≠v \Ωƒ t\-Sn-b hn-I-k-\-Øn-ep-≈ A-]m-I-X-Iƒ F-¥v F-∂ B-fl]-cn-tim-[-\ \-S-Øm-\p-≈ hn-thIw \-Ωp-sS `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ-°v D-≠m-Ip-tam? {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS hn-Ir-Xn-I-fm-bn am-{Xw Cu Zp-c-¥-ß-sf A-h-X-cn∏n-°p-tºmƒ \-ap-°v kz-ÿ-am-bn \-Ωp-sS hn-I-k-\ k-¶¬-]-߃ X-s∂ ]n-¥p-S-cmw, {]-iv-\-߃-°v A-tX X-cØ - n-ep-≈ "]-cn-lm-c'ßfpw B-h¿-Øn-°mw! I-cn-¶√ - v sIm≠p-h-∂p I-S-en-\p a-Xn-epw ]p-enap-´pw \n¿-an-°p-∂-Xv I-S¬ I-c-bnte-°v I-S-∂p-I-b-dp-∂-Xn-\p ]-cnlm-c-a-√. a-dn-®p A-Xn-\v Im-c-Wam-Wv F-∂v ]-eX - h - W - sX-fn-™pI-gn-™n-´pw \-Ωƒ A-Xp-X-s∂ sN-øp-∂p. F-∂n-´v I-S-en-s\ ]-gn°p-∂p, Im-em-h-ÿ-sb ]-gn-°p∂p. tI-cf - Ø - n-s‚ I-S¬-Øo-cw apgp-h≥ C-S-h-∏m-Xn-°v ap-tº h-∂ H-‰ Np-g-en-°m-‰n-s‚ ^-e-am-b Xnc- I ƒ Im¿- s ∂- S p- Ø n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. a¨-kq-Wn¬ C-\n h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂sX-¥v F-∂v s\-™n-Sn-t∏m-sS \ap-°v Im-Øn-cn-°mw.

Xo-ct- im-jW - w km-[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ C-¥y-bpsS In-g-°≥ Xo-c-sØ A-t]-£n®v ÿn-cX - b - p-≈ I-S¬-Øo-ca - m-Wv ]-Sn-™m-d≥ Xo-cw. F-∂m¬, tIc-f-Øn-s‚ 590 In.ao. \o-f-ap-≈ I-S¬-Øo-cw C-Xn-\p A-]-hm-Z-amWv. tI-c-f-Xo-c-Øn-s‚ 60%hpw asÆm-en-∏v t\-cn-Sp-∂p. G-‰-hpw IqSp-X¬ a-sÆm-en-∏v (23%) t\-cn-Sp∂-Xv 35 In.ao. \o-≠ Xn-cp-h-\¥-]p-cs - Ø I-S¬-Øo-ca - m-Wv. 2004 se kp-\m-an-°pw 2014se Hm-Iv-Jn-

18

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

Pq¨ 653.2

Pq-em- b - v Hm-K.- sk-]v-X. H-tŒm. \-h. Un-k.

687.2 404.7 252.3 270.7 158.6 45.9

°pw 2021 ta-bv-am-k-Øn-se sSusŒ-°pw ti-jw iw-Jp-ap-J-Øn-\p h-∂ am-‰-߃ A-Xv {i-≤n-®-h¿°-dn-bmw. A-º-Xv sIm-√w ap-ºv X-e-ÿm-\-sØ km-bm-”-ß-sf im-¥-hpw k-t¥m-j-I-c-hp-am-°nbn-cp-∂ B hn-im-e-am-b _o-®v Np-cp-ßn Np-cp-ßn G-Xm-≠v A-{]Xy-£-am-hp-I-bm-Wv. I-Sp-Ø Im‰pw a-g-bpw am-{X-a-√, C-Xn-s‚ 18 In.ao. sX-°v ]-Wn-Xp-sIm-≠n-cn°p-∂ hn-gn-™w ]-≤-Xn-bm-Wv C{X Z-b\ - o-ba - m-b A-hÿ - b - n¬ iwJp-ap-Js - Ø F-Øn-®X - v F-∂v Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. tI- c - f I- S ¬- X o- c - Ø n¬ 310 In.ao (D-t±-iw 60%) I-S¬-`n-Ønbpw ]p-en-ap-´pw sI-´n "kw-c-£n®n'´p-≠v. ]p-en-ap-´v k-ap-{Z-Øn-se H-gp-°n-s\-bpw Xo-c-Øp-≈ Xn-c-bSn-bp-sS Xo-{h-X-sb-bpw _m-[n-°p∂p-≠v F-∂pw A-Xv H-cp-h-i-Øv I-c-bn-Sn-®n-en-\pw a-dp-h-i-Øv a-Æv \n-t£-]-Øn-\pw Im-c-W-am-hp-∂p≠v F-∂pw hn-Z-Kv-[¿ ]-d-bp-∂p.

Cu \q-‰m-≠p ]-Ip-Xn-bm-hp-tºmtg-°pw tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ I-S-en¬ Pe-\n-c-∏v 15 ap-X¬ 38 h-sc sk‚nao-‰¿ D-bc - pw F-∂v I-W° - m-°s - ∏´n-cn-°p-∂p. C-Xv h-cp-Øn-tb-°mhp-∂ hn-]Ø - p-Iƒ {]-hN - \ - m-Xo-Xam-Wv. I-S-tem-cw ap-gp-h≥ A-kz-ÿam-Wv. a-’y-sØm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ ISp-Ø Zp-cn-X-Øn-em-Wv. A-h-cp-sS B-hm-k-hy-h-ÿ X-s∂ X-I-cp-Ibm-W.v sN-√m-\Ø - pw h-e∏ - m-´pw hngn-™-Øpw h-en-b-Xp-d-bn-epw F√mw sIm¿-∏t- d-‰v hn-Ik - \ - ]-cn-]mSn-Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc \-S-°p-∂ k-a-c߃ A-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ sKu-\n-°p∂n-s√-¶n-epw, F-√mw I-S¬ \n-jvI-cp-Ww A-h-Xm-f-Øn-em-°p-∂p F-∂ h-kv-Xp-X ssh-Im-sX hn-Ik-\ Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ-°v Aw-Ko-Icn-t°-≠n h-cpw. Xo-c-tZ-i sslth-bpw hn-gn-™w Xp-d-ap-J-hp-sa√mw \n-Xy-Zp-cn-X-Øn-te-°m-Wv a\p-jy-sc h-en-®n-gb - v° - p-I, hn-Ik - \-Øn-te-°-√ F-∂v km-am-\y hnth-Ia - p-≈ a-\p-jy¿-s°-√mw C-Xn-

t\m-S-Iw t_m-≤y-am-bn-´p-≠v.

Rm-‰p-th-eI - f - pw Ir-jn-bpw tI-c-f-Øn¬ s\-√pw Ip-cp-ap-fIpw h¿-j-Im-e ]-®-°-dn-I-fp-sa√mw Ir-jn sN-øp-∂-Xv F-S-h-∏mXn-bp-sS K-Xn-hn-K-Xn-Iƒ-°-\p-kcn-®m-bn-cp-∂p. C-Xn¬ Xn-cp-hm-Xnc Rm-‰p-th-e (Pq¨ 21 ap-XPq-sse 6 h-sc-bp-≈ Zn-h-k-߃) ]-g-a-°m-sc kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw A-Xn {]-[m-\-am-b k-μ¿-`-ambn-cp-∂p. i-‡-am-b a-g-bpw C-S-bv°v sh-bn-epw e-`n-°p-∂ Cu ka-b-Øm-Wv Ip-cp-ap-f-Iv- t]m-ep-≈ Ir-jn-Iƒ Xp-S-ßm≥ A-\p-tbmPy-am-b k-a-bw. F-∂m¬ Im-emh-ÿ-bn¬ kw-`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-∂ am-‰ß - ƒ Rm-‰p-th-eb - n-epw {]-IS- a - m-Wv; A-Xn-\v ÿn-cX - b - n-√mXm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. 500sIm-√w ap-ºv hm-kv-tIm-U-Km-a-tbm-sSm-∏w h-∂ t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿ C-hn-sS-\n-∂p Ip-cp-ap-f-Ip-ssX-Iƒ hn-tZ-i-tØ°v I-S-Øp-∂-Xn¬ B-i-¶ {]-ISn-∏n-® am-ßm-´-—-s\ "Ip-cp-ap-f-Iv ssX-bt- √ sIm-≠p-t]m-Im≥ ]-‰q; Xn-cp-hm-Xn-c Rm-‰p-th-e sIm-≠pt]m-hm≥ I-gn-bn-√t- √m!' F-∂v kmaq-Xn-cn B-iz-kn-∏n-®-Xm-bp-≈ IY {]-i-kv-X-am-Wv. F-∂m¬ C∂v, ]-cn-ÿn-Xn ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-sXbp-≈ hn-I-k-\-Øn-eq-sS Xn-cp-hmXn-c Rm-‰p-th-e-bn-epw am-‰-ap-≈ A-h-ÿ-bn¬ \mw F-Øn-s∏-´n-cn°p-∂p F-∂-Xv Ku-c-h-tØm-sS Im-W-Ww.

I-≈° - ¿-°S- I - w ]-g-b a-g-°m-e-sØ Im-ev-∏-\nI-X-bn¬ Nm-en-®p Kr-lm-Xp-c-XztØm-sS Im-Wp-∂-h-cp-≠m-Imw. F-∂m¬, `q-cn-`m-Kw B-fp-Iƒ-°pw A-Xv ]-´n-Wn-bp-sS-bpw h-dp-Xn-bpsS-bpw Im-e-am-bn-cp-∂p; tcm-K-ßfp-sS Im-e-am-bn-cp-∂p. h-f-sc sNdn-b H-cp \yq-\-]-£-Øn-\p-am-{Xw A-Xp Im-b-I¬-∏w, N-hn-´n-Ø-Sh¬ t]m-ep-≈ kp-J-Nn-In-’-bpsS-bpw B-tcm-Ky kw-c-£-W-Øns‚-bpw Im-e-hpw B-bn-cp-∂p. Xm-

fpw X-h-c-bpw Np-‰p-\n-∂pw ]-dn-s®Sp-°p-∂ a-‰p ]-®n-e-I-fpw tN-ºpw Im-®n-epw N-°-bpw am-ß-bpw F√mw tN¿-∂v Kp-cp-X-c-am-b t]m-jW ssh-I-eyw _m-[n-°m-sX kwc-£n-°p-∂ H-cp `-£y-kw-kv-Imcw \n-e-hn-ep-≈-Xp Im-c-W-am-Wv km-[m-c-W-°m¿ ]-e-cpw A-∂v c£-s∏-´p t]m-b-Xv. D-Xv-I-WvT-I-fpsS Im-e-am-bn-cp-∂p I-≈-°¿-°nS-Iw. C-Sn-bpw an-∂-epw Im-‰pw a-gbpw Xn-a¿-°p-tºmƒ C-h-bn¬ \n∂pw `m-Kn-I-am-bn am-{Xw kw-c-£Ww \¬-Ip-∂ hm-kÿ - e - ß - f - nC-hb - s v- °-Xn-sc ]n-Sn-®p\n¬-°m≥ ]m-Sp-s]-Sp-∂ ]-´n-Wn-t°m-eß - f - mb a-\p-jy¿ R-ß-fp-sS-sbm-s° _m-ey-Im-em-\p-`h - ß - f - p-sS `m-Ka - mWv. k-Xy-Pn-Xv dm-bp-sS ]-tY¿ ]m©-en-bn¬ Im-Wp-∂ Zm-cn-{Zy-Øns‚-bpw Im-eh - ¿-jØ - n-s‚ kw-lmc Xm-fih - Ø - n-s‚-bpw Nn-{X-߃ H-cp Dƒ-\m-S≥ _w-Kmƒ {Km-a-Ønte-Xv am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√; a-dn-®p tIc-f-Øn-epw B-h¿-Øn-®v kw-`-hn°p-∂-Xn-s‚ t\¿-°m-gv-N-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. km-ln-Xy-Øn-eqsS-bpw kn-\n-a-bn-eq-sS-bpw am-{Xta ]p-Xn-b X-e-ap-d-bv-°v Cu Ah-ÿI - ƒ ]-cn-Nb - a - p-≠m-hq. "I-≈°¿-°-S-I'sØ Xp-S¿-∂p h-cp-∂Xv sIm-bv-Øp Xp-S-ßp-∂ {]-k-∂

Im- e - a m- b - X p- s Im- ≠ m- W v A- X v "s]m-∂n≥ Nn-ßw' B-bn-Øo¿-∂Xv; B s]m-∂n≥ Nn-ß-Øn¬ HmWw B-tLm-j-am-b-Xv. Im¿-jn-Ihr-Øn-bp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ Hm-WmtLm-jw C-∂v D-]-t`m-K kw-kvIm-c-Øn-s‚-bpw I-tºm-f-Øn-s‚bpw B-tLm-j-am-bn Xp-S-cp-∂-Xv A-Xn-s‚ N-cn-{X-]c - a - m-b {]-k‡ - n H-´pw C-√m-sX-bm-Wv F-∂v Hm¿°mw.

C-\n F-tßm-´v ?

Im-em-hÿ - b - n¬ h-cp-∂ Hm-tcm hy-Xn-bm-\-sØ-bpw G-‰-hpw `oj-W-am-°p-∂-Xv A-Xn-s‚ {]-XymLm-Xß - s - f X-S™ p-\n-¿Øm-t\m H-gn-hm-°m-t\m D-≈ ti-jn \-ΩpsS ÿ-e P-e hn-\n-tbm-K-co-XnIƒ-°v C-∂n-√ F-∂X - m-Wv. ]-›na-L´- Ø - n-\pw A-d_ - n-°S- e - n-\pw at≤y In-S-°p-∂ \o-≠p ho-Xn-Ip-d™ Cu `q-an ]m-cn-ÿn-Xn-I-am-bn A-Xo-h Zp¿-_e - a - m-sW-∂ h-kvX - pX I-W-°n-se-Sp-°m-sX-bp-≈ hnI-k-\ b-Xv-\-߃ \-Ωp-sS A-XnPo-h-\ km-[y-X-sb-t∏m-epw A-]I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa-∂v Xn-cn-®-dn-bm≥ ssh-In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]-›n-aL - ´- Ø - n-se a-e\ - n-cI - f - pw A-Xn-se h-\-ß-fpw Xm-tgm-s´m-gpIp-∂ \-Zn-I-fpw A-Xv sN-∂p-tNcp-∂ I-S-epw X-Ωn-ep-≈ k¶o¿-Wa - m-b ]-ckv] - c - _-‘ß - sf-s¥-∂pw tIc-fØ - n-s‚ ]m-cnÿn-Xn-I k-¥pe-\-Øn¬ C-h \n¿-h-ln-°p-∂ ]-ca - {- ]-[m-\a - m-b ]- ¶ p F- s ¥ms°-sb-∂pw ]Tn-°p-I-bpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p ÿmbn-bm-b hn-Ik - \ - Ø - n-\p≈ ]-≤-Xn-Iƒ \- S - ∏ n- e m- ° p- I bpw th-Ww. ]pXn-b ]-≤-Xn-Ifp-sS Im-cy-Øn¬ I¿-i-\-am-b ]m- c n- ÿ n- X n- I {]-Xym-Lm-X \n¿-W-bw \-StØ- ≠ n- h - c pw.

Zp-c¥ - ß - ƒ I-gn-

bm-hp-∂-{X X-S-bp-hm-\pw e-Lq-Icn-°p-hm-\p-am-bn-cn-°-Ww G-‰-hpw ap-≥-K-W-\ \¬-tI-≠-Xv. ]-›n-aL-´-Øn-se B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v hcp-∂ ]m-da - S- I - ƒ-°v \n-b{- ¥-Wt- a¿s∏-Sp-Øn-tb a-Xn-bm-hq. kv-t^mS-\w \-S-Øn-bpw Ip-gn-®pw Ip-∂pI-fp-sS P-ek - w-`c - W - t- i-jn X-I¿Øpw D-cpƒ-s]m-´-ep-Iƒ t]m-ep≈ Zp-c-¥-߃ \n-c-h-[n kr-„n®p I-gn-™n-´pw \-Ωƒ H-∂pw ]Tn®n-t√? ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-°m-sc ]-cn-lkn-®pw Km-Uv-Kn-en-s\ A-[n-t£]n-®pw h-kv-Xp-X-Iƒ-°v t\-sc IÆ-S-®pw F-{X \mƒ C-Xv \o-´ns°m-≠p-t]m-Im≥ I-gn-bpw ?]-›na-L-´-hpw ]-Sn-™m-d≥ Xo-c-hpw Kp-cp-X-c-am-b `o-j-Wn-I-fm-Wv t\cn-Sp-∂-Xv. A-Xn-s‚ c-≠n-s‚-bpw C-S-bn-ep-≈ F-√m {]-tZ-i-ß-fpw I-gn-™ G-Xm-\pw h¿-j-ß-fnB-h¿-Øn-°p-∂ {]-fb - ß - f - n-eq-sS Xp-S-sc-Øp-S-sc A-\p-`-hn-® Zp-cnX-߃ \-ap-°-dn-bmw.

C-Sn-®p-I-f-™ a-e-I-sf-{X F∂pw Xp-S¿-®b - m-bn I-Ss - e-Sp-Ø Ic-sb-{X-sb-∂pw H-∂v I-Æv Xp-d∂ - p Im-Wm≥ X-øm-dm-Ip-sa-¶n¬ \Ωƒ A-I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂ {]-Xn-k‘n-bp-sS B-gw t_m-[y-am-hpw. ]›n-a-L-´ kw-c-£-W-Øn-\pw Xoc-tZ-i ]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn-\pw X-Æo-¿X-S kw-c-£-W-Øn-\p-ap-≈ \n-ba-߃ I¿-i-\-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p ]-Icw "hn-I-k-\'Øn-\v X-S- -sa-∂p I-≠p A-h-sb C-\n-bpw A-h-KWn-°m≥ X-s∂-bm-Wv {i-an-°p-∂sX-¶n¬ A-Xv B-fl-l-Xym-]-c-amWv. Cu ta-J-e-bn-se I-Sp-Ø A]m-b km-[y-X-Iƒ e-Lq-I-cn-°ms\-¶n-epw \-Ωp-sS Zp-c-¥ \n-hm-cW ]-≤-Xn-Iƒ-°v sI¬-∏p-t≠m F-∂pw \-Ωp-sS {i-a-߃ C-h t\-cn-Sp-∂-Xn¬ hn-P-bn-°p-tam F∂pw B-Wv C-\n \mw D-∂-bn-t°≠ H-cp {]-[m-\ tNm-Zyw. Xm-Xv-Im-en-I ]-cn-lm-c \-S-]-SnIƒ t]m-c; sh-dpw A-©p h¿-jtØ-°p-≈ B-tem-N\ - I - f - pw t]mc; Zo¿-LI - m-em-Sn-ÿm-\Ø - n-ep-≈ B-kq-{X-W ]-cn-t{]-£yw B-hi - yam-Wv. km-º-Øn-I h-f¿-®-bp-sS th-K-X Iq-´p-∂ {]-h¿-Øn-I-fm-hn√ ]m-cn-ÿn-Xn-I ]p-\-cp-≤m-c-WØn-\p th-≠n \-S-tØ-≠n-h-cn-I F-∂-Xv A-[n-Ir-X-cp-sS Im-gv-®∏m-Sn-ep-≠m-th-≠ A-Sn-ÿm-\-]-cam-b Cu am-‰-sØ Iq-Sp-X¬ Zpjv-I-c-am-°p-∂p.

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

19

a-Rv-Pp-f

I-

gn-™ Zn-h-kw ]p-e¿-∂-Xv a-g-bpw C-Sn-sh-´pw an-∂-epw tN¿∂m-Wv. ]-co-£m Uyq-´n-bp-≠-t√m F-∂ Hm¿-Ω-bn¬ a-g-bm-kzm-Z-\sam-∂pw \-S-∂n-√. \-∂m-bn aq-Sn∏p-X-s®m-∂q-sS D-d-ßm≥ sIm-Xn tXm-∂n. ]-co-£m Uyq-´n ]-gb - kvIq-fn-em-Wv. F-s‚-bn-Sa - m-bn-cp-∂ Icq-∏-S-∂-°m-ew. A-hn-S-sØ Ip-´nI-sf-°p-dn-t®m¿-Øt- ∏mƒ Nm-Sn-∏nS-™v hn-ßn-s∏-øp-∂ a-gb - n-te-°nd-ßn. I-cq-∏-S-∂-°m-ew _m-°n hs®m-cp a-g-°p-´n-bp-≠v. A-h-s‚ _m-®p-Im-cp-≠v. \m-sf-b-h-cp-sS πkv-Sp ]-co-£ A-h-km-\n-°p-I-bpam-Wv. tem-Iv-Uu-Wn-\pw sIm-tdmW-°p-sam-s° ap≥-]v Rm-\-h¿°p π-kv h¨ a-e-bm-fw ¢m-s Sp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv kv-Iqƒ sse-{_-dnbn¬ h-®m-bn-cp-∂p. c-≠mw \n-ebn-se sse-{_-dn-bn-se P-\¬ hncn am-‰n t\m-°n-bm¬ kvI - qƒ {Ku≠v sam-Øw Im-Wmw. a-g-°m-eØp ¢m- p I-gn-™v ]p-d-tØ-°p t\m-°n \n-∂v, R-ß-sfm-cp-an-®v Hcp-]m-Sp I-Y ]-d-™p Xo¿-Øn-´p≠v. Xo-cm-Ø I-Y-I-sf a-g-bn-tebv-°p ]-d-Øn hn-´v a-g-bn-te-°n-dßn-bn-´p-≠v. A-h-tcm-sSm-∏-ap-≠mbn-cp-∂ I-cq-∏-S-∂-bn-se a-g-°m-etØm-fw N-¥-ap-≈ H-cp a-g-tbm¿Ω-bpw C-Xp-h-sc D-≠m-bn-´n-√.

H-cp a-g-°m-e ¢m- n¬ h-®v Fs‚ Ip-S a-d-°p-∂ io-e-sØ-bpw F-√m h¿-j-hpw Rm≥ hm-ßm-dp≈ aq-t∂m \m-tem ]p-≈n-°p-S-Itf-bpw Ip-dn-®v hm-Nm-e-bm-b-Xn-\nS-bn-em-Wv P-e-tZm-j-Øm¬ X-f¿∂ a-g-°p-´n Xp-ey Zpx-Jn-X-bm-b F-t∂m-Sp Iq-´m-b-Xv. B h¿-js - Ø D-]P - n-√m I-tem’-h-Øn-\v l-b¿ sk-°‚-dn hn`m-K-Øn¬ a-e-bm-fw ]-Zyw sNm√-en-epw X-an-gv ]-Zyw sNm-√-en-epw kw-L-Km-\-Øn-epw a-g-°p-´n a-’cn-®p. H-cn-°¬ a-e-bm-fw I-hn-X ]Tn-∏n-®v k-a-bw ssh-In-b-t∏mƒ ho-´n¬ sIm-≠p hn-Sm-sa-∂p ]-d™p Rm-\-h-s‚ Iq-sS Im-dnA-h-s‚ ho-´n-te-°n-d-ßn. "F-s‚ ssk-°nƒ _-kv kv-t‰m-∏n-ep-≠v.

So-®¿ F-s‚ ssk-°n-fn-\p ]n-∂mse h-∂m¬ a-Xn-sb-∂-h≥ ]-d™p'. Rm≥ Dƒ-h-gn-bn-ep-sS, I„-s∏-´v A-h-\p ]n-∂m-se h-≠ntbm-Sn-®p. ]-g-b H-cp ssk-°n-fm-

20

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

-a-g-°p-´n-bp-tS-bpw a-‰pw Hm¿-a-°v bn-cp-∂p A-h-s‚-Xv. C-S-bv-°n-sS sN-bn≥ ]p-d-Øp h-cpw. A-h-\n-dßn i-cn-bm-°pw. ]n-∂m-se h-cp∂ Rm≥ s]-s´-∂v t{_-°v sNøpw. Hm-tcm C-S-h-gn-bn-epw t{_°n-´v X-f¿-∂ Rm≥ Z-b-\o-b-ambn A-h-s\ t\m-°n-®n-cn-®p. Zn-hk-hpw C-{X Zq-cw G-Xp a-g-°m-eØpw ssk-°nƒ N-hn-´n-sb-Øp∂ A-h-t\m-sS-\n-°v h-√m-sX kvt\-lw tXm-∂n. H-cp-]m-S-e-™mWv B Ip-™p ho-´n-se-Øn-b-Xv. A-t∏m-tg-b° v- pw a-g I-\Ø - n-cp-∂p. cm-{Xn X-\n-®p-≈ Xn-cn-®p bm-{Xbn-epw a-gs - b-\n-°p Iq-´m-bn \n∂p.

I-tem-’-h k-a-b-Øv P-e-tZmjw h-cm-Xn-cn-°m≥ F-¥p sN-øW-sa-∂ A-hs - ‚ tNm-Zy-Øn-\p ap∂n¬ ]-I-®v bq Syq-_v tlmw sda-Un-Iƒ H-cp-]m-Sv X-∏n-sb-Sp-Øn´p-≠v. "So-®-dn-t√¬ Rm≥ ]m-Sn-√ ´m' F-∂ hm-in-tbm¿-Øv Np-°p Im-∏n Ip-Sn-®v Rm-s\-∂pw Nq-Spsh-≈w Iq-´m-°n-b I-tem-’-h°m-ew C-∂pw Hm¿-Ω-bn-ep-≠v. ¢m-kv ap-dn-bn-se N¿-®I - ƒ, Nn¥-Iƒ F-∂n-h-bn-eq-sS h-f¿-∂v ag-°p-´n-bpw Iq-´p-Im-cpw F-s‚ N¶n-Sn-∏m-bn. A-Ω-bm-sW-∂ hm-°v sh-dp-sX-b-s√-∂v C-∂p-tam¿-Ωn°p-∂-h≥, A-Ω-bp-sS I-hn-X-Iƒ

hm-bn-°m≥ X-cm-dp-≈, sIm-Sp-ß√q¿ `-c-Wn-°m-hn¬ \n-∂v I-Ω-epam-bn h-s∂-Øm-dp-≈ {]n-b s]¨Ip-´n, ]-g-\n-bn¬ t]m-b-t∏mƒ AΩ hm-ßn-Ø-∂-Xm-∂p ]-d-™v hb-en-\n¬ F-s‚ t]-sc-gp-Xn-s°m≠p h-∂ t^m-t´m-{Km-^¿, ^pƒam¿-°p am-{Xw hm-ßp-∂ am-∏n-f∏m-´p-Im-c≥, sh-≈n-bm-gv-N-sØ D®-t\-cw So-®-tdm-Sv kw-km-cn-®n-cn°m-\n-„-ap-f-f Ip-´n, \m-Sn-s‚ IY-Iƒ ]-d-bm-dp-s≈m-cmƒ, F-\n°-ht- c-°mƒ k-t¥m-ja - p-≈s - Xm∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. hn-t\m-Zbm-{Xbpw ¢m-kp-If - pw sIm-tdm-W sIm≠p t]m-sb-¶n-epw A-h¿ F-∂pw ]-d-™n-cp-∂-Xv R-߃ t]m-bn-´v So-®-dn-hn-sS H-‰-bv-°p \n¬-°-≠ F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xv A-\z¿-∞a - mb-Xp t]m-se F-s‚ ]-Sn-bn-d-°hpw I-gn-™ h¿-jw D-≠m-bn. i-cn-°pw X-\n-®m-hp-tºmƒ k¶-S-tØm-sS-bn-d-ßn-s®-∂v H-cp ag \-\-bpw t]m-se, P-e-tZm-j-°me-Øv Ip-S \n-h¿-Øn a-g-bn-te-°nd-ßpw t]m-se \n- w-K-am-bn Ah-tcm-sSm-∏w ]-Sn-bn-d-ßp-tºm-gpw ]n-∂n¬ a-g s]-øp-∂p-≠m-h-Ww. H-cn-°e - pw s]-bvs - Xm-gn-bm-sØm-cp a-g-°m-e-sØ D-≈n¬ kq-£n-®p sIm-≠v.

atg atg hm hm...

B¿ i-¶-c≥-Ip-´n

"Nn-

∂n-sØ-dn-°pw \-dp-ap-Øp t]m-se/\o-fp-∂ sh-≈n-sØ-fn \q-ep-t]m-se' F-∂m-Wv ]p-Xp-h¿-j-sØ "h¿-jm-K-aw' F-∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ ssh-tem-∏n-≈n hn-ti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F-gp-Ø-—≥ ap-X¬ ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d-bn-se I-hn-Iƒ hsc a-g-sb A-Xn-a-t\m-l-c-am-bn h¿-Wn-®n-´p-≠v. a-ebm-f t\m-h-ep-I-fn-epw kn-\n-a-I-fn-epw a-g th-≠-{Xbp-≠v. Chasing the Monsoon F-∂ ]p-kv-X-I-sa-gpXn-b A-e-Iv-km-≠¿ t{^-‰¿ 1987 ¬ tI-c-f-Øn-se "sIm-≈m-ao-a-g'sb A-\p-`-hn-®-dn-bp-hm≥ t\-cn-s´Øn-bn-´p-≠v. A-sX, tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ X-\-Xp a-g-°v A{X-°p t]-cpw s]-cp-a-bp-ap-≠v.

C-S-h-∏m-Xn, Xp-em-h¿-jw F-∂n-ß-s\ {]-[m-\-ambn c-≠p a-g-°m-e-ß-fm-Wp-≈-sX-¶n-epw a-g-tbm¿-aIƒ [m-cm-f-ap-≠v. ssl-kv-Iqƒ hn-Zym¿-Yn-°m-e-sØ A-{X t]m-kn‰o-hv A-√m-Ø H-cp a-g-tbm¿-a-bm-Wv C-hn-sS ]-¶psh-°p-∂-Xv. A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ-bp-sS \o-N-\m-fp-I-fmbn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ _-μv, hn-Zym¿-Yn k-a-cw F-∂n-h-bpsS `m-K-am-bn ]Tn-∏p-ap-S-°-ß-sfm-∂pw D-≠m-Im-tdbn-√. ap≥-Iq-´n A-°m-Z-an-Iv I-e-≠-dn¬ A-S-bm-f-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈ Np-h-∏p Zn-h-k-߃-°p ]p-d-sa A-{]-Xo-£n-X-am-bn A-h-[n h-√-Xpw ho-Wp In-´nbn-cp-∂-Xp a-g-bp-sS t]-cn¬ am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. (As√-¶n¬ h-en-b B-fp-Iƒ h-√-h-cpw a-cn-°-Ww.) C-Xn-\p ]p-d-sa a-g ap-´n-®p ]n-Sn-°p-∂ \m-fp-I-fnR-ß-fp-sS sl-Uv-am-ÿ D-®-°p-ti-jw a-g-b-h-[n {]-Jym-]n-°m-dp-ap-≠v. hn-Zym¿-Yn Po-hn-X° - m-es - Ø G-‰-hpw k-t¥m-j-I-c-am-b Hm¿-a-I-fn¬ H-∂m-WnXv. H-cp tXm-cm-a-g-bn-epw A-en-™p t]m-Im-Ø ag-tbm¿-a. k-ar-≤n-sb kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p {]-tbm-Kn-°mdp-≈ H-cp hm-°p Iq-Sn-bm-Wv a-g. k-Ωm-\-a-g, ]q-ag, Zp-cn-X-a-g F-∂n-h Nn-e D-Zm-l-c-Ww. A-tX-k-a-bw ]-Xn-hp a-´v am-dp-tºmƒ a-g H-t´sd im-]-h-N-\-ß-fpw i-Im-c-hm-°p-I-fpw {]-kv-Xmh-\-I-fpw ap-J-{]-kw-K-ß-fpw G-‰p-hm-ßm-dp-ap-≠v. ]-t£, "A-≤ym-]-I-t∏-Sn, ]mTm-e-b-t∏-Sn' Ip-d-®p Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈ Iq-´-Øn¬ s]-´-Xn-\m¬ (A- ¬ Ipgn-a-Sn-b≥ F-∂pw hy-Jym-\n-°mw.) \-in-® a-g-Isf-√mw A-\p-{K-l a-g-bm-bm-Wv A-\p-`-h-s∏-´n-cp∂-Xv. B-b-Xn-\m¬ Rain, rain go away F-∂ \-gvk-dn Km-\-tØm-Sv A-°m-e-Øv F-\n-°v H-´pw tbmPn-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. C-t∏m-gp-an-√m-t´m.

sk-√p-tem-bv-Un-se a-gb - \ - p-`h - ß - ƒ ]n.kp-\n¬-Ip-am¿

kn-

\n-ab - n-se a-gb - \ - p-`h - ß - ƒ lr-Zb - Ø - nX-d-®-Xv c-≠v hy-Xy-kv-X `m-h-ß-fn-em-Wv. H-∂v Iptdm-tkm-hb - p-sS dm-jt- am≥ kn-\n-ab - n-te-Xm-Wv. Nn{Xw I-≠ B¿-°pw A-\p-`-hth-Zy-am-Ip-∂ H-∂mWv kn-\n-a-bp-sS Xp-S-°-Øn¬ Im-Wp-∂ a-g. kn\n-a-bp-sS D-¤-h-Øn-\v B a-g X-s∂ Im-c-W-amIp-I-bm-Wv. a-g Im-c-Ww ]m-c-º-cy ssi-en-bn]-Wn-X H-cp tK-‰n-\v ap-∂n¬ \n-∂p-sIm-≠v H-cp kw-`-h-Øn-\v aq-∂v t]¿ X-ß-fp-tS-Xm-b `m-jyw N-a-bv-°p-I-bm-Wv. kn-\n-a I-≠v ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-°gn-™pw B a-g \-sΩ ]n-¥p-S-cp-I-bm-Wv. a-g Imc-Ww F-hn-sS-sb-¶n-epw I-b-dn \n¬-t°-≠n h-cptºmƒ A-dn-bm-sX a-\- n-te-°v Hm-Sn-h-cp-∂-Xv kn\n-a-bn-se I-hm-S-hpw A-Xn-\v ap-∂n¬ Nn-X-dn s]øp-∂ a-g-bpw B-Wv. A-S-®n-´ ]o-Sn-I-I-fp-sS XnÆ-I-fn¬ Iq-Sn-bn-cp-∂v I-Y-Iƒ ]-d-bp-∂ a-\p-jysc H-cp a-g-bp-sS ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ sIm-≠n-cp-Øn H-cp Im-cy-sØ X-s∂ a-\p-jy¿ hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b Im-g-®-∏m-Sp-I-fn¬ F-ß-s\ Im-Wp-∂p F-∂v a-\xim-kv-{X-]-c-am-bn {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-I-bm-Wv kw-hn-[mb-I≥. a-s‰m-cp a-g-b-\p-`-hw k-Xy-Pn-Xv td-bp-sS ]-tY¿ ]m-©-en \¬-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. a-g c-≠v X-h-W kn-\n-abn¬ h-cp-∂p-≠v. B-Zyw I-fn-°m-\m-bn t]m-bn Xncn-sI h-cp-∂ A-∏p-hpw Zp¿-K-bpw sN-dn-b a-g \-\bp-∂p-≠v. A-hn-sS a-g k-t¥m-j kq-N-I-am-Wv.

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

21

Ip-S e-Ivjz-dn-bm-b B Im-ew s_-∂n tPm-k-^v

a-

]-t£ B a-g ]n-∂o-Sv Zpx-J-Im-c-W-am-bn am-dp-I-bp-amWv. Nn-{X-Øn-s‚ D-®-L-´-Øn¬ X-I¿-Øp s]-øp-∂ ag. A-∏p-hpw ]-\n-®p In-S-°p-∂ Zp¿-K-bpw, tNm¿-s∂men-°p-∂ A-h-cp-sS ho-Spw \n- -lm-b-bm-b A-Ω-bpw A-I-tØ-°v {Iu-cy-tØm-sS I-S-∂v h-cp-∂ an-∂¬ ]nW-dp-I-fpw t{]-£-I-\v h-√m-Ø A-kz-ÿ-X kr-„n°p-∂p. A-Sp-Ø \n-an-j-ß-fn¬ \-Ωp-sS {]n-b-s∏-´ Ip´n-Iƒ-°v F-¥v kw-`-hn-°p-sa-∂v t{]-£-I¿ hym-Ip-es∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. ]-´n-Wn sIm-≠v h-e-™ a-\p-jy-sc {]Ir-Xn A-Xn-s‚ I-Sp-Ø B-{I-a-W-߃ sIm-≠v Iq-Sn X-I¿-°p-tºmƒ \n- -lm-b-cm-bn I-≠p \n-∂v bm-X-\Iƒ A-\p-`-hn-t°-≠n h-cp-∂ ]m-hw a-\p-jy-cp-sS Nn{X-ß-fm-Wv \-sΩ th-Z-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. a-g-Øp-≈n-Iƒ C-‰p ho-gp-∂ A-Sp-Ø {]-`m-Xw Zp¿K-bp-sS th¿-]n-cn-b¬ t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. a-g \¬-Ip-∂ A-\p-`-h-߃ hy-Xy-kv-X-am-Wv. {]-Wb-am-Wv, hn-c-l-am-Wv, B-\-μ-am-Wv, a-g ]-e¿-°pw ]-eXm-Wv. H-Iv-‰-hn-tbm ]m- v ]-d-™ t]m-se "G-‰p hmßp-∂-h-s‚ am-\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-bm-Wv a-g.'

22

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

g-°m-e-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈ G-‰-hpw \-\p-Ø Hm¿-Ω-Iƒ kv-Iqƒ Im-e-tØ-Xm-Wv. kv-Iqƒ Xpd-°p-∂ A-∂v Pq¨ 1-mw Xo-ø-Xn ap-d sX-‰m-sX h-∂n-cp-∂ a-g A-[y-b-\ h¿-j-Øn-s‚ B-Zy Znh-k-sØ X-s∂ X-Wp-∏p-≈-Xm-°p-∂p. tN-ºn-e-tbm hm-g-bn-e-tbm Nq-Sn a-g \-\-™v kv-Iq-fn¬ F-Øp-tºm-tg-°pw j¿-´pw {Su-k-dpw \-\-™p Ip-Xn-cpw. H-∏w a-g \-\-™ ]n-t≈-scsb-√mw Xq-Øp-Iq-´n `-hm-\n So-®¿ sse-{_-dnbp-sS ]-e `m-K-Øpw h-cm-¥-bn-ep-am-bn h-kv-{X߃ "]-®'bm-Im≥ Im-Øp-\n¬-°pw. "a-g \-\-™-h-cn¬ Xp-ey¿' sIm-≠ a-g-bp-sS tI-a-Ø-sØ-°p-dn-®pw ]m-S-hpw tXm-Spw I-S-∂ph-∂ km-l-kn-I bm-{X-sb-°p-dn-®p-ap-≈ ho-cI-Y-Iƒ ]-¶p-sh-°pw. H-∂m-a-sØ-tbm c-≠m-asØ-tbm ]n-cn-bn-Uv I-gn-™v A-e-°n ]n-g-™Xp t]m-se-bp-≈ h-kv-{X-ß-fp-am-bn ¢m-kn-seØp-tºmƒ "Ip-S F-∂ e-£z-dn' kz-¥-am-bp-≈ ]n-t≈¿ R-ß-sf ]p-—-tØm-sS-bpw R-߃ A-h-sc A-kq-b-tbm-sS-bpw t\m-°pw. Xp-S¿-∂p≈ ]-e Zn-h-k-ß-fn-epw C-Xp-X-s∂ B-h¿-Øn°pw.

A-Sp-∏n-®v aq-∂p-\m-ep Zn-h-kw a-g s]-øptºmƒ \m-´n-se ]m-S-hpw Ip-f-ß-fpw \n-d-bpw. tXm-´n-eq-sS sh-≈-Øn-s‚ H-gp-°p-≠m-Ipw. ae-b∑ - m-cp-sS ]m-SØ - n-s‚ A-cn-In-eq-sS-bp-≈ sNdn-b tXm-´n-eq-sS \n-d-s™m-gp-Ip-∂ sh-≈-Øns‚ Xp-S-°-`m-K-Øp-\n-∂p dqƒ s]≥-kn¬ C-´v Ip-d-®p Zq-cw t]m-bn tXm-Sv Xm-tgm-´v ]-Xn-°p∂ `m-K-sØ-Øp-tºmƒ s]≥-kn¬ ]n-Sn-°p-∂ H-cp I-fn-bp-≠v. sh-≈-Øn-\v ap-I-fn-eq-sS s]≥kn¬ B-Sn-bp-e-™v s]m-ßp-X-Sn t]m-se H-gpIn \o-ßp-∂ Im-gv-N c-k-I-c-hpw H-cp-X-cw a-’c-hp-am-Wv. tXm-Sn-s‚ sN-dn-b Np-gn-If - n-epw a-ec - n-If - n-epw s]-Sm-sX, F-hn-sS-bpw X-S-™p-\n¬-°m-sX BZyw F-Øp-∂ s]≥-kn-en-s‚ D-S-a-bm-Wv hn-Pbn. ]-t£, C-Xn-t\m-sSm-∏w h-en-sbm-cp A-]I-S km-[y-X Iq-Sn-bp-≠v. Ir-Xy-k-a-b-Øv ]n-Sn®n-s√-¶n¬ H-‰ Hm-f-Øn-\v Ip-Ø-s\ s]≥-knXm-tg-°v ]-Xn-®v F-s∂-t∂-°p-am-bn \-„s - ∏-Spw. A-ß-s\ kw-`-hn-®m¬ A-Ω-®n-bp-sS ssIbn¬-\n-∂pw A-Sn D-d-∏m-Wv. B km-[y-X D-s≠¶n¬ Iq-Sn s]≥-kn¬ H-gp-°¬ a-’-c-Øn-\v F-√m-h¿-°pw h-en-b D-’m-l-hpw B-th-i-hpam-bn-cp-∂p.

C-∂n-t∏mƒ a-e-b-s‚ ]m-S-an-√, tXm-Sn-√. s]≥-kn¬ H-gp-°n I-fn-°p-∂ ]n-t≈-cp-an-√. am{X-hp-a-√, H-∂n-\pw ]n-Sn-X-cm-Ø H-cp a-g-°m-eam-Wn-t∏mƒ...

sI B¿ Ku-cn:

Ku-co, \o-sbm-cp s]-Æ-t√ ... hn-P-b-cm-L-h≥ tN-en-b

Io-

g-S-ßm≥ Iq-´m-°m-Ø s]¨t]m-cn-ab - p-sS {]-Xo-Ia - m-bn-cp-∂p Ku-cn-b-Ω. tXm¬-hn-bn¬ ]-X-dn H-Xp-ßp-∂ {]-Ir-Xa - √ - m-ØX - n-\mH-cp-sº-´-hƒ, ]-S-Im-fn F-∂o ]´-ß-sf-√mw Nm¿-Ø-s∏-´p. H-Sphn¬ a-cW - w tX-Sn-sb-Øn-bt- ∏mƒ Nm-°m-e sNm-√n Ku-cn-b-Ω-sb HXp-°n-b k-h¿-Æ B-W-[n-Im-c߃. tXm-‰-Xv Ku-cn-b-Ω-tbm P\m-[n-]-Xy tI-c-f-tam F-∂ tNmZyw t]m-epw Cu k-aq-lw A-[nI-\mƒ N¿-® sN-øm-\n-S-bn√.

I-∏n-\pw Np-≠n-\p-an-S-bn-em-Wv X-s‚ ap-Jy-a-{¥n ]-Zw X-´n-∏-dn-®sX-∂v hn-iz-kn-® Ku-cn-bΩ - X-s‚ \n-cm-i a-d-®p ]n-Sn-®n-cp-∂n-√. kao-]-Im-e-Øv tcm-ln-Xv sh-ap-seb-S-°w ]-d-™-Xp t]m-se X-s‚ Pm-Xn-bm-Wv \o-Xn e-`y-am-Ip-∂Xn¬ X-S- -am-b-sX-∂v A-h¿ Icp-Xn. "Nq-Sn ]n-cn-°-W tNm-h-Øn \m-Sp `-cn-°-W I-≠m-fo≥' F∂m¿-Øp hn-fn-® H-cp P-\-X-bp-sS

km-aq-ln-I hn-π-h-kz]v\am-Wv H‰p-sIm-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv. C-\n-bp-sam-cp Im¬ \q-‰m-≠n-\n-∏p-dw H-cp kv-{Xotbm Z-fn-tXm tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ `-c-Wkm-c-Yn-bm-bn, t]m-s´, {]-_-e-amsbm-cp cm-{„o-b ]m¿-´n-bp-sS X-e∏-Øv, kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn F-Øn-t®cp-sa-∂v I-cp-Xm-\p-≈ kq-N-\-Isfm-∂pw X-s∂ Im-Wp-∂n-√. AXn-\v I-cp-Xn-°q-´n-bp-≈ {]-h¿-Ø\-߃ B-h-iy-ap-≠v. kw-h-c-Ww F-∂-Xv H-cp cm-{„o-b Nn-¥m-]-≤Xn-bm-bn kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw A-Xv Xp-S-tß-≠-Xv kz-¥w {]-ÿm-\Øn¬/kw-LS- \ - b - n¬ B-sW-∂p hn-iz-kn-°pIbpw sNøp-∂ cm-{„ob ]m¿-´n-Iƒ \-ap-°n-S-bn-en-√. CS-Xp-]-£w F-∂-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂h¿ t]m-epw Im-cy-£-a-X-bp-≈ B¿-°pw Pm-Xn/a-X/ enw-K-t`-Z-sat\y t\-Xy-Xz-Øn¬ F-Øm≥ XS- -ta-Xp-an-√-t√m F-∂v hn-iz-kn®p-t]m-cp-∂p. tI-c-f-Øn¬ h-e-tØm-´v Nm™p \n¬-°p-∂ H-cp C-S-Xp-]-£hpw, C-S-tØm-´v tN¿-∂p \n¬-°p∂ H-cp h-eX - p-]£ - h - p-am-Wp-≈X - v.

A-Xn-\m¬ ap-∂-Wn-Iƒ am-dn-am-dn h-cp-tºmƒ hy-‡n-I-fp-sS Im-cy£-a-X-I-fp-sS G-‰-°p-d-®n-en-\-∏pdw km-c-am-b tIm-´-ß-tfm, A-{]Xo-£n-X-am-b t\-´-ß-tfm D-≠mIm-dn-√. B-Zn-hm-kn-I-tfm-Spw Z-fnX-tcm-Spw ap…nß-tfm-Sp-sa-∂ t]mse kv-{Xo-I-tfm-Spw am-dn am-dn hcp-∂ `-cW - t- \-Xr-Xz-߃ kzo-Ic - n®p t]m-cp-∂ k-ao-]-\-ß-fn¬ AXp hy-‡-am-Wv. B-Zn-hm-kn-Iƒ-s°-Xn-cm-b \nb-a-\n¿-Ωm-W-Øn-epw, k-h¿-Æ¿°m-bp-≈ km-º-Øn-I kw-h-c-WØn-epw cm-{„o-b-t`-Z-a-t\y F-√mh-cpw sF-Iy-s∏-´-Xp \mw I-≠Xm-Wv. 1975 se tZ-io-b B-Zn-hmkn `qA-h-Im-i \n-b-a-sØ Im\q-‰m-t≠m-fw X-S-™p \n¿-Øn-bXpw Xp-S¿-∂v \n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS {]tXy-Im-h-Im-iw hn-\n-tbm-Kn-®v Itø-‰-°m-sc kw-c-£n-®-Xp-am-b Ncn-{X-ap-≠v tI-cf - Ø - n-\.v tI-cf - s - Ø \m-Ww sI-Sp-Øn-b B _n¬ GI-I-WvT-am-bn ]m- m-hm-Xn-cp-∂-Xv 139 s\-Xn-sc X-eb - p-b¿-Øn \n-h¿∂p \n-∂v t]m-cm-Sn-b Ku-cn-bp-sS

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

23

\n-›b - Z- m¿-Vy-hpw km-aq-ln-I \oXn-t_m-[h - pw sIm-≠p am-{X-amWv. ]m¿-iz-h-Xv-Ir-X-tcm-Spw \n-kztcm-Sp-ap-≈ I-Sp-Ø ]-£] - m-Xn-Xzw ]m¿-´n \n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ-°-∏p-dw s]mXp-{]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-s‚ Xp-S-°w apX¬ Ku- c n- b - Ω - b n¬ Im- W mw.

1957 se C Fw F-kv a-{¥n-k-`bn¬ ]-Øn-sem-cm-fm-bn, H-scm-‰ h\n-X-bm-bn A-h¿ am-dn. B k¿°m¿ N-cn-{X-Øn-en-Sw ]n-Sn-°m≥ Im-cW - a - m-b `q]-cn-jI -v c - W - _n-√pw Ip-Sn-bn-d° - v \n-tcm-[\ - Hm¿-Un-\≥kpw A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv Ku-cn-b-Ω-sb-∂ cm-{„o-b-°m-cn {]ikvXbm-b-Xv. `q-]-cn-jv-I-c-W \n-ba - \n¿-Ωm-WØ - n¬ a-‰m-tc-°mfpw ]-cn-N-bw Ku-cn-b-Ω-bv-°p-≠mbn-cp-∂p. 1954¬ Xn-cp-h-Xmw-Iq¿ sIm-®n \n-b-a-k-`-bn¬ ]n F-kv \-S-cm-P ]n-≈ `q-]-cn-jv-I-c-W _n√p-Iƒ A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-t∏mƒ hn-iZ-am-b N¿-® Xp-S-ßn sh-®-Xp Xs∂ Ku-cn-b-Ω-bm-bn-cp-∂p: "k¿, Cu _n-√p-I-sf-√mw \n-b-a-k-`bn¬ A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xn-\v ]n F-kv ]n k¿-°m-dn-s\ A-`n-\-μn-°p-∂p.

F-∂m¬ _n-√n-ep-≈-Xn-s\ ap-gph≥ A-\p-Iq-en-°p-∂p-sh-∂v AXv A¿-∞-am-°p-∂n-√. ]n-s∂ A\p-Iq-en-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ A¿-∞w, `q]-cn-jv-I-c-Ww th-Ww F-∂v \n߃ Aw-Ko-I-cn-®-Xn-\m-Wv.' kmam-\yw Zo¿-Ln-® A-h-cp-sS {]-kwK-Øn¬ \n-b-aw ]m- m-°p-∂-Xv ssh-In-bm¬ _n-√n¬ ]-db - p-∂ IpSn-bn-d-°v \n-tcm-[-\w, ssI-h-i-`qan-°v ]-cn-[n \n¿-W-bn-°¬, an-®`q-an `q-c-ln-X¿-°p hn-X-c-Ww sNø¬ F-∂n-hb - s v- °-Xn-sc P-∑n-Iƒ A-Sß - n-bn-cn-°b - n-s√-∂v Hm¿-Ωn-∏n°p-∂p-≠v. "Cu _n¬ k¿-°p-te‰v sN-bv-Xv P-\-ß-fp-sS A-`n-{]mb-ßf - d - n-™v H-cp {]-tXy-I A-kwªn hn-fn-®p Iq-´n \yq-\X - I - ƒ Xo¿Øv F-{X-bpw s]-s´-∂v ]m- m-°W- s a- ∂ v Rm≥ A- t ]- £ n- ° p∂p...' _n¬ sk-e-Œv I-Ωn-‰n-°p hn-´-t∏mƒ A-Xn-se 10 Aw-K-ßfn¬ sI B¿ Ku-cn-bp-ap-≠m-bncp-∂p. ]m¿-iz-hX - I v- r-Xc - p-sS ap-t∂‰-߃ kzm-`n-am-\-{]-ÿm-\-ß-fmbn-Øp-Sß - n-b H-cp Im-eØ - n-s‚ {]Xn-^-e-\w Iq-Sn-bm-bm-I-Ww H-cp Ku-cn-b-Ω tI-c-f-Øn¬ km-[y-amb-Xv. Cu sa-bv ]-Xn-s\m-∂n-\m-Wv Ku-cn-b-Ω hn-S hm-ßp-∂-Xv. A-Xn\p H-cp Zn-h-kw ap-ºv _w-Km-fn¬

24

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

a-aX - m _m-\¿-Pn-bp-sS aq-∂mw a-{¥nk-` A-[n-Im-c-ta-‰p. lnw-km-fl-Iam-b ln-μp h-e-Xp-]-£-sØ X-S™p \n¿-Øp-I-sb-∂ an-\n-aw B{K-lt- a P-\m-[n-]X - y hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. F-∂m¬ AXn-\-∏p-dw k-©-cn-®v a-a-X A-Xn-ibn-∏n-®p. ap-∏-tXm-fw kv-{Xo-I-fpw \m¬-∏-Xn-e-[n-Iw ap-…o-ß-fpw, Zfn-X-cpw ]-Øn-te-sd B-Zn-hm-kn-Ifp-a-S-ßp-∂-Xm-Wv P-bn-®p I-b-dn-b A-h-cp-sS Sow. tam-Zn-bp-sS sh-√phn-fn kzo-I-cn-®v tJ-te tlm-_m (I-fn Xp-S-ßmw) F-∂v ]-d-™v If-Øn-en-d-ßn-b a-a-X, tJ-te tkkm (I-fn Xo¿-∂p) F-∂v D-Ø-cw sIm-Sp-Øp sIm-≠v, a-g-hn¬ {]mXn-\n-[y-hp-am-bn \n-ba - k - ` - b - n¬ Xncn-s®-Øn. Ir-Xyw ]-Øp Zn-h-k߃-°p ti-jw tI-c-f-Øn-epw ]pXn-b a-{¥n-k-`-bp-≠m-bn. A-tXmsSm-∏w a-s‰m-cp Im-cyw D-d-∏m-bn, A-Sp-Ø Im-e-sØm-∂pw H-cp kv{Xo-°v `-c-Wt\-Xr-Xz-ap-≠m-Im-\p≈ km-≤y-Xbn-√. Ku-cn-b-Ω-tbmf-an-s√-¶n-epw G-Xm-\pw ]-S-hp-Iƒ G-sd I-b-dn-sb-Øn-b ssi-e-P So®¿ {Io-an-se-b-dn-s‚ A-cn-∏-bnIp- S p- ß n. ]mºpw tImWnbpw Ifnbnse ]mºp hngpßnbXpt]mse.

P-\-kw-Jym-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-sb-¶nepw ]m¿-iz-hX - vI - r-Xc - p-sS {]m-Xn-\n[yw `-c-W hr-Ø-ß-fn¬ kzm-`mhn-I-am-hp-I F-∂-Xm-Wv P-\m-[n]-Xyw. kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn A-ß-s\ kw-`-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-tºmƒ sN-øp∂ Nn-In-’b - m-Wv kw-hc - W - w. \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ Cu hn-j-b-Øn¬ \Ωƒ tXm-‰p t]m-Ip∂p. tI-c-f-Øn-se ho-´-Ω-am-sc ap≥\n¿-Øn ap-ºv hn-fn-s®m-cp ap-{Zm-hmIyw Hm¿-Ω-bn-se-Øp-∂p. "Ku-co \o-sbm-cp s]-Æ-t√, Cu A-cn Fß-s\ sh-®p-hn-f-ºpw?' td-j≥ IS-If - n¬ ]-i∏ - ® - c - n hn-Xc - W - Ø - n-s\Øn-b-t∏m-fp-b¿-Øn-b ap-{Zm-hm-Iyam-Wn-Xv. Ku-cn-bp-sS kv{- Xo-Xz-tØbm-Wv A-h¿ A-`n-kw-t_m-[\ - sNbvX - X - v. H-cp kv{- Xo-sb-∂ \n-eb - n¬, Cu-gh - Pm-Xn-bn¬ s]-´h - s - f-∂ \ne-bn¬ A-]-l-kn-°-s∏-´, A¿-lam-b t\-´-߃ \n-tj-[n-°-s∏-´ Ku-cn-bp-sS tXm¬-hn A-hc - p-sS hy‡n-]-c-am-b tXm¬-hn-b-√. A-Xp tI-c-f-Øn-se ap-gp-h≥ kv-{Xo-I-fptS-bpw, P-\m-[n-]-Xyk-aqlØns‚bmsIbpw tXm¬- h n Iq- s SbmWv.

am-\-kn

I

-hn, C-S-Xv-]-£ Nn-¥I≥, {]-`m-j-I≥, kmw-kv-°mcn-I hn-a¿-iI - ≥, B-Iv‰ - n-hn-Ãv Cu F-√m k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fpw H-cm-fn¬ k-tΩ-fn-°p-I A-Xy]q¿-ha - m-W.v F-∂m¬ C-sX-√mam-bn-cp-∂ H-cp hy-‡n-Xz-sØbm- W v C.sF.F- k v . Xn- e - I s‚ \n-cym-W-Øn-eq-sS \-„am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. apw-ss_ ae-bm-fn-I-fp-sS kmw-kv-°m-cnI s]m-Xp a-fi-e-Øn-epw _u-≤n-I hy-h-lm-c-ß-fn-epw Po-hn-X Im-ew ap-gp-h≥ kPo-h km-∂n-[y-am-bn C-S-s]´p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p Xn-e-I≥ {]hm-kn a-e-bm-fn bu-h-\-Øns‚ ss[-j-Wn-I sIm-Sp-°hm-ß-ep-I-fn¬ \n¿-Æm-b-I kzm-[o-\w sN-ep-Øn. A-h-cpsS B-th-i-hpw B-imtI-{μhpambn At±-lw. kz-bw Np°m≥ ]n-Sn-® kw-L-Km-\w, k-a-\z-bw Xp-S-ßn-b k-am-¥c {]-kn-≤n-I-c-W-ß-fn-eq-sS, C-SX - S- h - n-√m-Ø {]-`m-jW - ß - fn-eq-sS, A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ho´n¬ F-Øn tN¿-∂p-sIm-≠ncp-∂ kp-lp-Øp-°-fp-am-bn \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂ Xo ]m-dp-∂ N¿®-I-fn-eq-sS cm-{„o-b, km-aqly kmw-kv-°m-cn-I ta-J-e-Ifn¬ A-∏-t∏mƒ ap-f-s]m-´n-bncp-∂ ]p-Xp {]-hW - X - I - t- f-bpw B-ib - ß - s - f-bpw N-e\ - ß - s - fbpw H-cp Zu-Xy-sa-∂-t]m-se \n-c-¥-cw ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øns°m-≠n-cp-∂p Xn-e-tI-´≥.

B-t±-l-Øn-s‚ G-‰-hpw h-enb {]-tXy-I-X-bm-bn F-\n-°v tXm-∂n-bn-´p-≈-Xv, ]-c-∂ hmb-\-bn-eq-sS-bpw ssk-≤m-¥nI C-S-s]-S-ep-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw kmw-k° v- m-cn-I A-\p-`h - ß - f - nep-sS-bpw B¿-÷n-s®-Sp-Ø ]p-Ø-\-dn-hp-I-sf Dƒ-s°m≠p-sIm-≠v kz-¥w Nn-¥-Isf \n-c-¥-cw \-ho-I-cn-°m-\p≈ k-∂-≤-X-bpw {i-a-hp-amWv. C-∂p I-≠ Xn-e-I-\m-hn√ H-cm-gv-® I-gn-bp-tºmƒ \mw

C sF F-kv Xn-e-I≥:

kz-¥w Xn-e-tI-´≥ I-≠p-ap-´p-∂ Xn-e-I≥ F-∂v knhn-Iv N-{μ≥ H-cn-°¬ ]-d-™-XmWv Hm¿-Ω h-cp-∂-Xv. B-tKm-f-Xe-Øn¬ D-≠m-Ip-∂ ]p-Xp cm-{„ob km-aq-ly kmw-kv-°m-cn-I N-e\-ßs - f. A-t±-lw F-Xn-tc-‰X - v kq£v-a \n-co-£-I-s‚-bpw A-°m-Z-

an-I K-th-j-I-s‚-bpw A-h-[m-\X-tbm-sS-bm-Wv. H-cm-i-b-sØ-bpw H-cp hn-tbm-Pn-∏n-s\-bpw ap≥-hn[nI-tfm-sS X-≈n-°-f-™n-cp-∂n-√ A-t±-lw. A-h-sb Xym-Py-{Km-lyhn-th-N-\-tØm-sS hn-i-I-e-\w sN-bv-Xp \n-e-]m-sS-Sp-°m-\p-≈ ss[-j-Wn-I-ti-jn-bpw ti-ap-jnbpw B-bn-cp-∂p apw-ss_ a-e-bmfn A-t±-l-sØ H-cp F-≥sskt¢m-]o-Un-bb - m-bpw F-t∏m-gpw Xpd-∂p-h-® sse-{_-dn-bm-bpw A-S-

bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-≈ Im-c-W-hpw.

B-i-b-]-c-am-bn X-t∂m-Sv G-‰pap-´n-b G-Xv F-Xn¿-∏p-Is - f-bpw. XnI- ™ {]- X n- ] - £ _- l p- a m- \ tØm-sS, A-t£m-`y-\m-bn A-t±lw Iq-sS \-S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. P-∑\m-´n¬ \n-∂p-≈ A-I-ew {]-hmkn km-ln-Xy-sØ ap-Jy-[m-cb - nA-{]-k-‡-am-°p-∂p-thm F-∂ B-i-¶-bn¬-\n-∂v D-S-se-Sp-Ø, AXn-s\ a-dn-I-S-°m≥ kz-bw ]-{Xm[n-]-cm-bn C-cp-∂v \-K-c I-hn-I-fpsS c-N\ - I - ƒ A-Wn-\n-cØ - n {]-kn≤o-Ic - n-®n-cp-∂ "\-Kc - I-hn-X'bp-sS F-Un-j\ - p-Iƒ {]-hm-kn-Iƒ C-ßs\ hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn Nn-¥n-°p-∂p F-∂v ap-Jy-[m-cm km-ln-Xy-tØmSv D-d-s° ]-d-bm≥ H-cn-Sw t\-Snsb-Sp-Øp.

X-s‚ I-hn-Xs - b-gp-Øn-s\ kmkv-Im-cn-I {]-Xn-tcm-[-am-bn am-{Xw I-≠n-cp-∂ hy-‡n Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp∂p Xn-e-I≥. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ t\Xr- X z- Ø n¬ cq- ] - s ∏- S p- Ø n- b sU-t°m-d F-∂ kmw-kv-Im-cn-I Iq-´m-bv-a-bpw C-tX kmw-kv-°m-cnI {]-Xn-tcm-[w X-s∂-bm-Wv e-£yan-´X - v "A-Ω, kv-]m¿-´-°-kv' Xp-S-ßnb \m-S-I-ß-sf-t∏m-se cm-{„otbm¬-°-WvT-I-fp-sS s]m-≈n-°p∂ {]-ta-b-ß-fpam-bn A-c-ßn-s\ A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\ sN-bv-X A-t±lw I-ta-gv-ky¬ \m-S-I-th-Zn-bpsS Ip-cp-°n¬ s]-´p In-S-∂n-cp-∂ apw-ss_ a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS \m-S-Imh-t_m-[-sØ-bpw cm-{„o-b t_m[-ß-sf-bpw sU-t°m-dbn-eq-sS ]p-Xp-°n ]-Wn-Xp sIm-t≠-bn-cp∂p, {_-lv-Xn-b≥ ssi-en-bp-sS h-‡m-hpw hym-Jym-Xm-hp-am-bn-cp∂ A-t±-lw A-Xn-\m-bn, sI.sP. t_-_n, tPm-kv Nn-d-ta¬ Xp-S-ßnb A-°m-e-sØ \m-S-I {]-Xn-`-Isf sIm-≠v h-∂v \-S-Øn-b in-ev-

]-im-eI - f - pw sk-an-\m-dp-If - pw kwhm-Zß - f - pw apw-ss_ a-eb - m-fn bph-X C-∂pw \-μn-tbm-sS Hm¿-°p∂ H-cp k-{In-b Im-e-L-´-Øn-s‚ \o-°n-bn-cn-∏p-If - m-Wv. A-Sn-b¥ - n-cmh-ÿ ]n≥-he - n-°s - ∏-´ D-Ss - \ knhn-Iv N-{μ-\pw _m-eN - {- μ≥- Np-≈n°m-Spw a-[pam-jpw tN¿-∂p \-SØn-b H-cm-gv-N-sØ kmw-kv-Im-cnI ]-cy-S-\-hpw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ap≥ I-øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. \-K-c bp-h-Xz-sØ B-[p-\n-I tem-IN - n-¥° - \ - p-kc - n-®p am-‰n-∏W - nbm-\p-≈ \n-c-¥-c {i-a-am-bn-cp-∂p Xn-e-I-s‚ Po-hn-Xw. ]n. tKm-hn-μ∏n-≈-sb-bpw l-cn-l-c≥ ]q-™mdn-t\-bpw t]m-ep-≈-h-tcm-Sv ssk≤m-¥n-I X-e-Øn¬ X¿-°n-°m\pw I-el - n-°m-\pw sI¬-∏p-≈ CS-Xp-]-£ Nn-¥-I-\m-bn-´pw A-[nIm-c cm-{„o-b-Øn¬-\n-∂p A-t±lw hn-´p-\n-∂p. Nn-¥m-kzm-X-{¥yØn-\p sIm-Sp-t°-≠ hn-e-bm-bncp-∂p A-Xv. \-s´-√pw B-flh - n-izmk-ap-s≠-¶n¬, {]-tXy-I A-P-≠I-sfm-∂p-an-s√-¶n¬ hn-a¿-i-\-ßsf t\-cn-Sm≥, kw-hm-Z-ß-fn-te¿s∏-Sm≥ F-¥n-\v hn-ap-J-X Im-´Ww? H-cp ss[-jW - n-Ibm-{X-bm-bn´m-Wv A-t±-lw kz-¥w Po-hn-XsØ k-ao-]n-®-Xpw A-S-bm-f-s∏Sp-Øn-b-Xpw. th-dn-´v Nn-¥n-°m≥, h-gn-am-dn \-S-°m≥ F-s∂ t]m-ep-≈-h¿-°v C-{X-b-[n-Iw ss[-cy-hpw t{]-c-Wbpw X-∂ a-s‰m-cmƒ apw-ss_-bnen-√. N-cn-{X-am-bm-epw km-aq-lyim-kv-{X-am-bm-epw cm-{„o-b Nn-¥bm-bm-epw km-ln-Xy-I-em cw-KsØ ]p-Xp N-e\ - ß - f - m-bm-epw s]s´-∂v Hm-Sn-s®-∂p kw-i-bw tNmZn-°m≥ apw-ss_ a-e-bm-fn-Iƒs°-∂-t]m-se F-\n-°pw H-cm-fn√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. B-Z-cm-Rv-P-enIƒ...

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

25

Hm-tcm kv-{Xo-bp-tS-bpw D-≈n-se ap-dn-hp-Iƒ -

im-cZ- m-aW - n:

{]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X Im¿-°-iy-an-√m-sX ]n C D-j

93

˛m-w h-b- n-em-Wv im-c-Zm-a-Wn So-®¿ hn-S]-d-bp-∂-Xv. A-Xp-h-scbpw k-Po-h-am-bn kv-{Xo/Z-fn-Xv/Ir-jn/km-aq-ly/cm-{„o-b cw-K-ß-sf Ir-Xy-am-b \n-e-]m-Sp-I-tfm-sS- B-g-Øn¬ \o-co-£n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p. tI-c-f-Øn-se kv-{Xo-]-£ ]T-\-߃-°v Xp-S-°w Ip-dn-®-hcn¬ G-‰-hpw {]-[m-\-s∏-´ K-th-j-I-bm-Wv So-®¿. Pm-Xn A-Sn-a-Ø-sØ D-≈n¬ s]m-Xn-™p sh-®p-sIm-≠p-≈ ]T-\-co-Xn-bn¬ \n-∂v am-dn AXn-s\ sI-´-gn-®p-hn-´p ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°m≥ D-≈ [o-c-X Im-Wn-®-Xpw So-®¿. tI-c-f tam-U-en-s‚ H-cp hn-a¿-i-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {]m-b-hpw A-dn-hpw ]-cn-an-Xn-bm-hm-sX-bp-≈ ku-lr-Z-am-bn-cp-∂p So®-dp-tS-Xv. B kzm-X-{¥yw ku-lr-Z-Øn-s‚ Du-jv-a-f-X h¿-[n-∏n-°p-ambn-cp-∂p. A-°m-Z-an-I- hn-Z-Kv-[-bp-sS H-cp Ku-c-h-hpw A-hn-sS-bn-√."Nmb-∏p-d-Øp-≈' A-Ø-cw N¿-®-I-fn¬ kp-lr-Øp-°-fm-bn F-Øp-∂-hcn¬ F-√m {]m-b-°m-cpw D-≠m-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. {]-Xy-b im-kv-{X-]-c-am-b Im¿-°-iyw H-∂pw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√ . tI-c-f-Øn-se Im¿-jn-I _-‘-ß-fn-se Pm-Xn A-Sn-a-Ø co-Xn-I-sf ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p h-∂ ]T-\-am-Wv- Emergence of a slave caste: Pulayas of Kerala. 1973˛-1974 Im-e-b-f-hn-em-Wv Cu ]T-\w h-cp-∂-Xv. Pm-Xn-sbbpw enw-K-sØ-bpw tN-¿Øp-≈ ]T-\-co-Xn k-hn-ti-j {i-≤ t\-Sn. AXp-t]m-se a-cp-a-°-Øm-b-sØ°p-dn-®p-≈ ]T-\-hpw s\¬-Ir-jn-sb-°pdn-®p-≈ ]T-\-hp-sa-√mw th-dn-´ ]T-\-ß-fm-Wv. F-√mw X-s∂ kq-£v-ahpw hn-i-Z-hp-am-b ^o¬-Uv h¿-°n-s\ A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CS-Xp ]-£-Øp \n¬-°p-tºm-gpw C-S-Xp-]-£-Øn-s‚ hn-a¿v-i-I-bpw Bbn-cp-∂p, {]-tXy-In-®v B-Zn-hm-kn Z-fn-Xv {]m-Xn-\n-[y-ß-fp-sS, hn-`-hm-[nIm-c-ß-fp-sS F-√mw Im-cy-Øn¬. A-°m-Z-an-I ]-fin-X-bm-bn F-gp-Xnbpw {]-kw-Kn-®pw H-Xp-ßp-∂ B-fm-bn-cp-∂n-√ So-®¿, \-K-c-Øn-se Cu hn-j-b-ß-fn-se {]-Xy-£ k-a-c th-Zn-I-fn-se B¿-÷-hpw B-th-i-hpam-bn-cp-∂p So-®¿, A-Xv not in my name {]-Xn-tj-[-am-bm-epw- A-´-°p-fß-c-bn-se a-c-ß-fp-sS kw-c-£-W k-a-c-am-bm-epw sX-cp-hn¬ sh-bnen¬ So-®-dp-≠v. kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS N-cn-{X-sØ C-ß-s\ H-cp Po-hn-Xw sIm-≠v ]p-\¿-\n¿Δ-Nn-°m≥ ]-cn-{i-an-®n-´pw a-e-bm-fw F-{X-am-{Xw A-Xv Dƒ-s°m-≠n-cn°p-∂p F-∂v Nn-¥n-®p t]m-Ip-∂p!

26

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

F-hn-sS-\n-t∂m h-∂v F-hntS-t°m a-d™ p-t]m-bh - f - m-Wv ap-{Zn-X. A-h-fp-sS Xn-tcm-[m\-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈ A-t\z-jWw t]m-eo-kp-Im-cn-bm-b h\n-X° - v tI-he - w an- nw-Kv tIkv F-∂X - n-ep-]c - n Po-hn-Xw F∂ \n-Kq-V-X-sb A-gn-s®-Sp°-em-hp-∂p. A-\n-cp-≤-s‚ t\m-´p-]p-kX v- I - ß - f - n¬ \n-∂mWv ap-{Zn-X-sb h-\n-X Iq-SpX¬ A-dn-bp-∂-Xv. hn-Nn-{Xam-b e-£y-ß-fp-≈ hn-t\m-Zbm-{X-bp-sS kq-N-\-Iƒ, Akw-Xr-]v-X-cpw Zpx-Jn-X-cp-am-b H≥-]-Xv kv-{Xo-I-fn-te-°v FØn-°p-∂p. Hm-tcm Po-hn-Xhpw Hm-tcm kz-bw ]q¿-Æ-amb B-Jym-bn-II - f - m-Wv.ap-{Zn-X πm≥ sN-øp-∂ bm-{X Hm-tcm kv-{Xo-bp-sS D-≈n-epw A-h-cpsS ap-dn-hp-Iƒ D-W°p-∂ ip{iq-j-tbm, C-cp-∂n-S-Øp-Xs∂-bn-cp-∂v Xo¿-∂p-t]m-Im-Xncn-°m-\p-≈ ]n-S-®n-tem B-bn am-dp-∂p. km-aq-ly am-[y-a Ime-sØ sh¿-Nyp¬ ku-lr-ZØn-s‚ am-bm-kv-]¿-i-am-bpw ap-{Zn-X-sb hm-bn-°mw;

Pnkm tPm- k n- s ‚ Cu B-Zy-t\m-he - n-s‚ {]-km-[I - ¿ am-Xr-`q-an-bm-Wv. hn-e 340 cq-].

C-{k-tb¬˛]-e-kv-Xo≥ kwL¿j ]-›m-Ø-e-ØnHcp ]-e-kv-Xo≥ N-e-®n-{Xw ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

C-hn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p B cm-Pyw ]n-. sI. K-tW-i≥

`

-bw ]n-Sn-ap-dp-°n-b tem-I-Øv Hm-e-∏m-ºv a-Xn t]-Sn-∏n-°m≥. \qep-≠ sIm-≠v apƒ-ap-\-bn¬ `-cW-Iq-Ss - Ø \n¿-Øn-b N-cn-{X-ap-≠t√m. `-bw ]n-Sn-Iq-Sn-bm¬ kp-c£ - bp-sS t]-cn¬ G-X-‰w h-sc t]mIm-\pw `-c-W-Iq-S-߃-°v k-∑-Xnbm-bn. kw-i-bw tXm-∂n-bm¬ Bsc-bpw F-hn-sS sh-®pw A-d-Ãv sN-bv-Xp P-bn-en¬ A-S-bv-°mw. ]u- c kzm- X - { ¥yw Xp-dp-¶n-e-S-°m≥ ISp- Ø \n- b - a - ß ƒ \n¿-Ωn-°mw. F-√m-‰n\pw \ym-ba - p-≠v, cmPy-Øn-s‚ kp-c-£. `-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ am-cI-ti-jn-bp-≈ Bbp-[-߃ t]m-epw ]-et- ∏m-gpw th-≠n-hcm-dn-√. sIm-√p-∂-hcpw sIm-√s - ∏-Sp-∂h - cpw F-∂ \n-e-bnam-dp-tºmƒ B-bp-[߃ sIm- ≠ m- W v kw- h - Z n- ° m- d v . a- d ns®m- c p hm- Z - a p- b ¿Øm-\p-≈ C-Sw temI-sØm-´m-sI \-„s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. I-Æn\p I-Æv, ]-√n-\p ]-√v, C-Xm-Wv co-Xn. ]m-e-kv-Xo≥ N-e-®n-{X-Im-c≥ F-en-b kp-sse-am≥ X-s‚ Unssh≥ C‚¿-sh≥-j\ - n¬ `-bw Fß-s\-bm-Wv k-aq-l-Øn¬ {]-h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv F-∂v Im-Wn-°p-∂ cw-K-ap-≠v. ]m-e-kv-Xo-\m-Wv A-t±l-Øn-s‚ kn-\n-aI - f - n-se hn-jb - w.

X-s‚ an-° kn-\n-aI - f - n-se-∂ t]mse F-en-b X-s∂-bm-Wv ap-Jy-I-

Ym-]m-{X-sØ Cu kn-\n-a-bnepw A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F-en-b HmSn-®p h-∂ Im-dn-s\ sX-cp-hnkp-c£ - m ]-cn-tim-[\ - b - ° -v m-bn XS-bp-∂p. tdm-Un-s‚ Hm-cw tN¿Øp-\n¿-Øn. kp-c-£m-tk-\-bpsS \n-b{- ¥-WØ - n-em-Wv sX-cp-hv.

F-√m-h-cpw kw-i-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

G-Xp k-a-b-Øpw s]m-´n-sØdn-°m≥ km-[y-X-bp-≈ sX-cp-hpIƒ. A-Ø-cw km-l-N-cyw H-gnhm-°m≥ \n-Xm-¥ Pm-{K-X-bn-emWv kp-c-£m tk-\.

sX-¥v? kp-c-£m-ssk-\n-I¿-°v A-º-c-∏v, tXm-t°-¥n-b ssk-\nI¿ \n- l - m-bc - m-bn, _-eq¨ shSn-sh-®p ho-gv-Øm-tam? A-ß-s\ sN-bv-Xm¬ Nn-{Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ tk-\b - p-sS Zu¿-_e - yw. B-fp-Iƒ P-\m-e-bn-eq-sS _-eq¨ t\m-°p∂p. A-c-^m-Øn-s‚ Nn-{Xw ImWp-∂p. ]m-e-kv-Xo≥ a-\-kn¬ hcp-∂p. _-eq¨ G-h-cp-sS-bpw Xe-bv-°p ao-sX ]-d-∂p. kp-c-£mtk-\-bp-sS tNm-Zyw sN-ø-en-\v hnt[-b-am-hm-sX _-eq¨ A-Xn¿-

Im-dn-en-cp-∂v F-en-b H-cp h-enb _-eq¨ ho¿-∏n-®p ]-d-Øn-hnSp-∂p. _-eq-Wn¬ ]m-ek - X v- o≥ hntam-N-\ t\-Xm-hv bm-k¿ A-d-^mØn-s‚ ap-Jw h-c-®n-´p-≠v. F-hnSp-∂m-Wv _-eq¨ ]p-d-s∏-´-sXt∂m, B-cm-Wv ]-d-Øn-hn-´-sXt∂m kp-c-£m tk-\-°-dn-bn-√. _-eq-Wn-s\-Xn-sc F-ß-s\ tXms°- S p- ° pw, kp- c - £ m Im- c - W Øm¬ _-eq¨ sh-Sn-sh-®p ho-gvØp-∂X - p-t]m-se A-]l - m-ky-am-b-

Øn a-d-∂p ]-d-∂p. B _-eq¨ h-en-b k-tμ-ia - m-bn-cp-∂p, \n-e® - pt]m-b ]m-e-kv-Xo-s‚ N-e-\w ]p\-cm-hn-jI v- c - n-°p-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. A\p-Zn-\w C-Sw \-„-s∏-´p-sIm-≠ncn-°p-∂ H-cp cm-Py-Øn-s‚ B-hnjv-Im-c-am-Wv bm-k¿ A-d-^m-Øns‚ ap-J-ap-≈ B _-eq¨. C-{ktb¬ A-Sb - m-fs - ∏-Sp-Øn-b A-Xn¿Øn-Iƒ B _-eq-Wn-\p ap-∂nam-™p-t]m-bn. A-c^ - m-Øn-s‚ apJ-am-bn-cp-∂p H-cp Im-e-Øv ]m-e-

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

27

kv-Xo-s‚ ap-Jw. Ac-^m-Øn-eq-sS ]m-ekv-Xo≥ k-am-[m-\-]c-am-bn kw-hZ- n-°s - ∏´p tem-I cm-{„-߃°n-S-bn¬. A-c-^mØn-s‚ \n- -lm-bX ]m-e-kv-Xo-t‚-Xpam-bn-cp-∂p. kw-h-Zn°m≥ tXm-t°m anssk-tem X-s∂ thW-sa-∂n-√-t√m, Cu B- i - b s- Ø - b m- W v F-en-b kp-sse-am≥ _-eq-Wm-bn ]-d-Ønhn-´-Xv. kn-\n-a-bn¬ a-s‰m-cn-S-Øv tdmUn-eq-sS F-en-b \-S-°p-tºmƒ `nØn-bn¬ bm-k¿ A-d-^m-Øn-s‚ Om-bm-Nn-{Xw h-c-®p sh-®-Xv ImWn-°p-∂p-≠v. a-s‰m-∂pw F-gp-Xn sh-®n-´n-√. A-c-^m-Øn-s‚ B apJ-am-bn-cp-∂p H-cp Im-e-Øv ]m-ekv-Xo≥. B ap-Jw kz-bw kw-kmcn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p, ]m-e-kvXo≥ hn-tam-N-\w B-h-iy-s∏-´psIm-≠n-cp-∂p. A-c-^m-Øn-s‚ Nn{X-ap-≈ B _-eq-Wpw sX-cp-hnIm-Wp-∂ A-c-^m-Øn-s‚ B Nn{X-hpw tXm-°n-t\-°mƒ, an-ssken-t\-°mƒ h-en-b B-Lm-Xw Gev-]n-°p-∂p-≠v C{kmtb-en-s\. tNm-c-bv-°p ]-I-cw tNm-c F-∂-√ k¿-Km-fl-I-am-b B k-tμ-iw.

A-Xn¿-Øn F-∂ a-\p-jy-\n¿-ΩnX bm-Ym¿-∞y-sØ kn-\n-a {]-iv\-h¬-°-cn-°p-∂p. A-Xn¿-Øn t`Zn-®p ]-d-∂p t]m-Ip-∂ _-eq¨ `q-XI - m-e ]m-ek - vX - o-s\ X-s∂-bmWv A-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. ]m-ekv-Xo-s\ ap-dn-s∏-Sp-Øn Aw-K-hntO-Zw sN-bv-Xv N-ß-e-°n-Sp-I-bmbn-cp-∂t- √m. ]m-ek - vX - n-s‚ A-Xn¿Øn am-‰n-h-c-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¿-Øn {]-iv-\-am-Wv hy-‡n-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬, k-aq-l-߃-°n-S-bn¬, cm-Py-߃-°n-S-bn¬. A-Xn¿-Øn F-∂ B-i-b-sØ A-h-X-cn-∏n-®psIm-≠m-Wv kn-\n-a Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xv X-s∂. {In-kv-a-kv A-∏q-∏-s‚ th-j-ans´m-cm-sf G-Xm-\pw sN-dp-∏-°m¿ ]n-¥p-S¿-t∂m-Sn-°p-∂ -cw-K-ap-≠v kn-\n-a-bp-sS Xp-S-°-Øn¬. Hm-Sntbm-Sn H-cp Ip-∂n≥ ap-If - n-se-Øn.

A-hn-sS ]-≈n-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n¥p-S¿-t∂m-Sn-®-h¿ B ]-≈n hscbp-≠v {In-kva - k - v A-∏q-∏s - ‚ ]n∂n¬. B B-fp-I-sf ]n-∂o-Sv A-

28

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. A-h¿-°v ap-J-an√, A-s√-¶n¬ A-h¿-s°-¥n-\m-Wv ap-Jw? B ]-≈n h-sc-bm-Wv Ah-cp-sS A-Xn¿-Øn. A-Xn-\-∏p-dw {In-kva - k - v A-∏q-∏≥ kp-c£ - n-Xa - mWv. A-Xn¿-Øn-bn-ß-s\ a-\p-jysc am-‰n-h-c-bv-°p-∂p-≠v. B-cm-Wv, B-cp-tS-Xm-Wv F-∂v A-Xn¿-Øn \n›-bn-°p-∂p. a-\p-jy≥ \n¿-W-bn® A-Xn¿-Øn a-\p-jy-s\ \n¿-Wbn-°p-∂p. A-Xn¿-Øn C-Xp-t]mse a-s‰m-c-h-k-c-Øn¬ kw-hn-[mb-I≥ [z-\n-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. kz-¥w ho-´n-se am-en-\y-߃ A-S-ßn-b πm-Ãn-Iv _m-Kp-Iƒ A-Sp-Ø ho´p-]-d-ºn-te-°v H-cmƒ bm-sXm-cp Zm-£n-Wy-hp-an-√m-sX \n-c¥ - c - w Fdn-bp-∂p. B ]-d-ºn¬ am-en-\y߃ Iq-ºm-c-am-bn. am-en-\y-߃ \n-t£-]n-°-s]-´ ÿ-e-Øn-s‚ DS-a H-cp kv-{Xo-bm-Wv. B kv-{Xo B am-en-\yw hm-cn A-X-hn-sS sIm-≠n-´ B-fp-sS ho-´n-s‚ sKbv-‰n-s‚ ap-∂n¬ sIm-≠n-Sp-∂p.

Cu Ir-Xyw dm-jW - e - n i-cn-bm-Wv. kzm-`m-hn-Ia - m-Wv B {]-Xn-Ic - W - w.

B bp-‡n A-bmƒ-°v Dƒ-s°m≈m-\m-bn-√.

A-tXm-sS A-bmƒ {]-tIm-]nX-\m-bn. A-bmƒ h-g-°n-Sp-∂p-≠v.

B kv-{Xo kz-¥w A-Xn¿-Øn ewLn-®p F-∂m-Wv A-bmƒ B-tcm]n-°p-∂ Ip-‰w.

Cu \n-e-]m-Sv A-tß-b-‰w Abp-‡n-I-am-Wv. B kv-{Xn-bp-sS ]d-ºn-te-°v X-s‚ ho-´n-se am-en\y-߃ F-dn-™-Xn¬ bm-sXm-cp a-\-km-£n-°p-tØm Ip-‰-t_m-[tam A-bmƒ-°n-√. A-bm-fp-sS a\-ÿn-Xn sh-®v A-Xn¬ Ip-g-∏w C-s√-∂m-Wv tXm-∂¬. I-tø-‰°m¿ F-t∏m-gpw kz-bw \ym-bo-Icn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m. C-ßs\-bm-Wv I-tø-‰-߃ km-[q-I-cn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. I-øq-°p-≈-h¿ Imcyw t\-Sp-∂p. A-Xn¿-Øn-bp-sS ]hn-{X-X° - v I-øq-°n-\p ap-∂n¬ Bbp- n-√. C-hn-sS-sb-hn-sS-bpw C{k-tb¬, ]m-e-kv-Xo≥ F-∂ {]Xy-£ kq-N-\-I-fn-√. ]n-∂o-Sp-≈ _-eq¨, bm-k¿ A-d-^m-Øv F∂o {]-Xy-£ kq-N-I-߃ Cu k-μ¿-`-ß-sf A-\-¥-cw cm-{„obh¬-I-cn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. I-tø-dp-∂h≥ D-®Ø - n¬ \ym-bw \n-cØ - p-∂Xn-s‚-bpw I-tø-‰-Øn-\p hn-t[-bam-b-h-fp-sS \ym-b-Øn-\v tem-IØn-s‚ A¿-ln-® {i-≤ In-´m-sX t]m-hp-Ib - pw sN-øp-∂ A-\o-Xn-bp≠v. A-\o-Xn-s°-Xn-sc-bp-≈ s]m´n-sØ-dn bp-≤-Øn-s‚ kz-`m-hw ]m-sS am-‰n. ap-Ja - p-≈ `-cW - I - q-Sß - f - pw ap-Jan-√m-Ø `-c-W-Iq-S-ß-fpw X-Ωn-ep≈ bp-≤-am-bn B-[p-\n-I bp-≤w am-dn. A-t‚m-Wn-tbm s\-{Kn s\‰v hm¿ F-∂m-Wv B-[p-\n-I bp≤-sØ \n¿-h-Nn-°p-∂-Xv. ]p-Xn-b Im-e-sØ bp-≤w F-∂m¬ ]-g-b Im-e-sØ-t∏m-se cm-Py-߃-°n-Sbn-ep-≈ bp-≤-ta-b-√. hn-tam-N-\Øn-s‚ t]-cn¬ ap-J-an-√m-Ø `-cW-Iq-Sw F-∂v hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏Sp-∂ km-bp-[ kw-L-S-\-Iƒ H-cp `m-K-Øpw ap-J-ap-≈ km-bp-[ `-cW-Iq-Sw a-dp-`m-K-Øpw \n-e-bp-d-∏n®p Xp-Sß - p-Ib - pw Xp-Sc - p-Ib - pw sNøp-∂ bp-≤w ]-c-º-cm-K-X ssien-bn-ep-≈ t\¿ bp-≤-ta-b-√. ]m-e-kv-Xo-\p-th-≠n l-am-kpw ]m-e-kv-Xo-s\-Xn-sc C-{k-tb-epw \-S-Øp-∂ bp-≤w t]m-se ]-e bp≤-߃ `q-]-S-Øn¬ tNm-c-sbm-en∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. cm-Py-an-√m-Xm-bn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ P-\ß - ƒ, a-°s - f \-„s - ∏-´ AΩ-am¿, A-Im-e-Øn¬ hn-[-h-I-fmbn am-dp-∂ kv-{Xn-Iƒ, Nn-X-dn-t∏m-

Pq-X-N-cn-{Xw: Nn-e h-kv-Xp-X-Iƒ k-b-Wn-Ãp-Iƒ 3000 h¿-j-sØ ]m-c-º-cyw A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, th-Z-Im-e-Øn-\v ap-ºp-Xs∂ C-¥y-°m¿ ln-μp-°-fm-bn-cp-∂p F-∂v ]-dbp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-sbm-cp h-en-b \p-W-bm-Wv. Pq-X-∑m-cp-tS-bpw Pq-Zm-bn-k-Øn-t‚-bpw H-cp e-Lp-N-cn-{X-an-Xm. 1200 _n.kn.: Cu-Pn-]v-Xn¬-\n-∂pw {]-hm-N-I\m-b tam-i-tbm-sSm-∏-ap-≈ ]-em-b-\w 1000 _n.kn.: Zm-hq-Zv cm-Pm-hv 12 tKm-{X-ß-sf tbm-Pn-∏n-°p-∂p. a-I≥ kp-sse-am≥ C-_v≥ Zm-hq-Zv t£-{Xw \n¿-Ωn-°p-∂p.

930 _n.kn.: C-{km-tb¬, Pq-Z F-∂o c-≠v hn`m-K-ß-fm-bn Pq-X-∑m¿ th¿-]n-cn-bp-∂p.

720 _n.kn.: C-{km-tb¬ A- o-dn-b-°m-cp-sS Io-gn-em-Ip-∂p.

332 _n.kn.: B {]-tZ-iw {Ko-°p-Im¿ Io-g-S°p-∂p.

167 _n.kn.: Pq-X-∑m¿ kz-X-{¥ 'Pq-Z-b' ÿm]n-°p-∂p.

63 _n.kn.: tdm-a-°m¿ Pq-Z-b Io-g-S-°p-∂p.

70 F.Un.: Pq-Z-∑m¿ {]-t£m-`-Øn-te¿-s∏-´-Xns\-Øp-S¿-∂v tdm-a-°m¿ t£-{Xw X-I¿-°p-∂p.

135 F.Un.: Pq-Z-b-bn-se F-√m Pq-X-∑m-tc-bpw tdm-am-°m¿ ]p-d-Øm-°p-∂p.

F.Un.B-dmw \q-‰m-≠n-em-Wv {]-hm-N-I-\mb ap-l-Ω-Zv P-\n-®-Xv. ap-kv-en-ap-I-fpw tam-i-sb H-cp {]-hm-N-I-\m-bn ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ apl-Ω-Zn-s‚ B-Zy-Im-e ]n≥-Km-an-I-fpw hn-ip-≤\-K-c-am-b sb-dp-i-te-an-s‚ Zn-i-bn-te-bv-°m-Wv {]m¿-∞n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]n-∂o-Sm-Wv sa-°-bp-sS Zni-bn-te-°p-≈ {]m¿-∞-\ B-cw-`n-®-Xv. G-gmw \q-‰m-≠n-em-Wv, C-kv-emw tem-I-Øn-s‚ hn-hn[ `m-K-ß-fn-te-°v hym-]n-®-Xv. 637/638: J-eo-^ D-a-dn-s‚ Io-gn-em-bn-cp-∂ sbdp-i-tew, F-√m a-X-ß-tf-bpw X-ß-fp-sS hn-izm-

hp-∂ Ip-Spw-_ß - ƒ, c-£s - ∏-´mX-s∂ am-c-I-am-bn ap-dn-th-‰p AwK- ` w- K w h- ∂ a- \ p- j y¿, `q- ] - S Øn¬ t\m-°n C-hn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p cm-Pyw F-∂v hn-e-]n-°p-∂ a-\pjy¿,F-¥n-t\m G-Xn-t\m-sb-∂d - nbm-sX s]m-´n-sØ-dn-°p-∂ a-\pjy¿, H-´pw kp-c-£n-X-a-√ Cu `qan. `-b-∂p- \n-e-hn-fn-°p-I-bm-Wv tem-Iw. `-bw Iq-Sp-∂-X-\p-k-cn-®v ap-Ja - p-≈ `-cW - I - q-Sß - f - p-sS-bpw apJ-an-√m-Ø kw-Lß - f - p-sS-bpw Bbp-[t- i-jn h¿-[n-∏n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-

k-߃ k-am-[m-\] - c - a - m-bn A-\p-h¿-Øn-°p-hm≥ A-\p-h-Zn-®n-cp-∂p.

1099: H-∂mw Ip-cn-ip-bp-≤Ø - n¬ B-bn-c° - W - ° - n\v ap-kv-en-ß-fpw Pq-X-∑m-cpw h-[n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sb-dp-i-tew ho-gp-I-bpw t£-{Xw {In-kv-Xy≥ Bcm-[-\m-e-b-am-bn am-dp-I-bpw D-≠m-bn.

1187: kp¬-Øm≥ k-em-lp-±o≥ sb-dp-i-tew ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-I-bpw Pq-X-∑m-sc Xn-cn-®v \-K-c-Ønte-°v {]-th-in-∏n°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. ""sb-dp-ite-an¬ Pq-X-∑m¿ h-kn-°p-∂-Xv hn-e-°n-b Ip-cnip-bp-≤-°m-cn¬ \n-∂pw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn, k-emZn≥ Pq-X-∑m-cm-b ]u-c-∑m-sc k-ln-jv-Wp-X-tbmsS-bm-Wv I-≠X - v. A-t±-lØ - n-s‚ `-cW - I - m-eØ - v, 1190 ¬ Pq-X-∑m-sc Xn-cn-®v sb-dp-i-te-an-te-°v kzm-K-Xw sN-bv-Xp'' F-∂m-Wv Pq-X-tc-J-I-fnIm-Wp-∂-Xv. c-≠mw tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤w h-sc bq-tdm-∏n¬ as‰-hn-S-sØ-°m-fpw kp-c-£n-X-cm-bn Pq-X-∑m¿ Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xv sb-dp-i-te-an-em-Wv. c-≠mw temI-bp-≤-Øn-\v ti-jw, P¿-Ω-\n-bn-epw bq-tdm-∏nepw \-S-∂ Pq-X Iq-´-s°m-e-I-fn¬ Ip-‰-t_m-[ap-≠m-b A-ta-cn-°, Cw-•-≠v, a-‰v ]m-›m-Xy i‡n-I-fpw Pq-X-∑m¿-°v H-cp am-Xr-cm-Pyw kr-„n°p-hm≥ k-lm-bn-°m-sa-∂v k-ΩX - n-®p. F-∂m¬, G-‰-hpw h-en-b Iq-´-s°m-e \-S-∂ bq-tdm-∏n¬\n-∂pw H-cp `q-{]-tZ-iw Pq-X-∑m¿-°v \¬-Ip-∂Xn-\v ]-I-cw A-h¿, Pq-X-∑m-sc H-cn-°-epw D-]-{Zhn-®n-´n-√m-Ø ]m-e-kv-Xo≥-Im-sc H-gn-∏n-®p-sIm≠m-Wv C-{km-tb¬ kr-„n-®-Xv. ]n-∂o-Sp-≈ Im-e-Øv, 50% bq-tdm-]y≥ Pq-X∑m-cp-≈ H-cp cm-Pyw ]m-›m-Xy¿ h-f¿-Øp-Ib - pw, F-Æ-bm¬ k-º-∂-cm-b a-[y-]q¿-Δ A-d-_n cmPy-ß-sf \n-b-{¥n-°p-hm-\m-bn C-{km-tb-en-s\ B-bp-[ k-º-∂-am-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

cn-°p-∂p. a-\p-jy-cp-sS ]-® amwkw th-hp-∂ a-W-am-Wv tem-I-`q]-SØ - n¬. ap-Ja - p-≈ cm-Py-߃ XΩn-ep-≈ bp-≤w t]m-se-b-√ s\{Kn Nq-≠n-°m-´n-b s\-‰v hm¿. ap-Ja - p-≈ cm-Pyw F-t∏m-gpw Pm{K-X-bn-em-Wv, F-t∏m-gm-Wv B-{Ian-°-s]-Sp-I F-∂ \n-›-b-an-√.

Cu \ym-b-Øn-s‚ _-e-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ kw-lm-c `m-h-tØm-sS-bmWv ap-J-ap-≈ `-c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s‚ km-∂n-[yw.

B-bp-[-ß-fp-sS am-c-I-ti-jn

h¿-[n-∏n-®p sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

B-{I-an-°-s∏-Sm≥ km-[y-X D-≈Xn-\m¬ B-{I-an-°m≥ k-Zm-k-∂≤-am-bn \n¬-°p-∂ kp-c£ - m tk\-bp-sS \n-b{- ¥-WØ - n-em-Wv ap-Jap-≈ `-c-W-Iq-Sw. `-b-am-W-hn-sS s]m-Xp-hn-Im-cw.

B A-h-ÿ-bm-Wv C-{k-tb¬˛]m-ek - vX - o≥ kw-L¿-jØ - n-s‚ ]›m-Øe - Ø - n¬ A-en-Kd - n-bm-bn Fen- b kp- s se- a m≥ Un- s sh≥ C‚¿-sh≥-j\ - n¬ A-hX - c - n-∏n-°p∂-Xv.

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

29

Pn-k tPm-kv

I-

Sp-sØm-cp Zp:kz-]v-\-Øn\n-∂v X-et- h-Z\ - b - p-am-bn D-W¿-s∂gp-t∂¬-°p-∂X - p hn-]n-\\ - n-t∏mƒ ]-Xn-hm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. c-Xv-\ta-J-esb Im-Wm-sX t]m-sb-∂-Xm-bncp-∂p F-t∏m-gpw B kz-]v-\w.

Uyq- ´ n I- g n- ™ v Xn- c n- s ®- Ø ptºmƒ ho-´n¬ hn-f° - p sX-fn-™n-

´n-√. C-c-´ Izm¿-t´-gv-kn-s‚ then-°-∏p-d-sØ ap-‰-Øv C-cp-´p hoWp I-gn-™n-´pw ⁄m-\-ti-J-dns‚ sa-en-™ `m-cy F-t¥m Nn°n-∏-c-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.

Nm-cn-bn-´ hm-Xn¬ X-≈n-Øp-d∂-t∏mƒ C-cp-´n¬ t]-Sn-®c - ≠ - AΩ-bp-sS ap-Jw. aq-{X-Øn¬ Ip-fn®v {]m-W-`-b-tØm-sS F-s¥-√mtam H-®-bn-Sp-∂ A-Ω hn-]n-\-s\ `-b-s∏-Sp-Øn. hn-]n-\≥ B-hp-∂{X i-–Ø - n¬ c-Xv\ - t- a-Je - s - b hnfn-®p t\m-°n. ]-t£ ^-e-ap-≠mbn-√. A-h-fp-sS t^m-Wn-te-°p hn-fn-°p-tºmƒ A-Xv A-e-am-c-bnen-cp-∂p Nn-e-®v A-bm-sf ]-cn-lkn-®p. t^m-sW-Sp-°m-sX ho-Sp hn-´p-t]m-b kv{- Xo-sb F-ßs - \ Is≠-Øp-sa-t∂m¿-Øv hn-]n-\≥ In-X-®p X-f¿-∂p. aq-{X-Øn¬ IpXn¿-∂ hn-cn-∏p-I-tfm D-Sp-t∏m Fß-s\ am-‰n-s°m-Sp-°p-sa-∂-dn-bmsX, A-Ω-°v F-¥p I-gn-°m≥

30

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

sIm-Sp-°p-sa-∂d - n-bm-sX \n-eØ - p Ip-g-™n-cn-°p-∂ A-h-ÿ-bn-emWv Nn-e-t∏mƒ hn-]n-\-s‚ kz-]v\w A-hk - m-\n-®X - .v a-‰p Nn-et- ∏mƒ A-bmƒ t]m-eo-kv kv-t‰-j-\n-tet°m-Sp-I-bpw F-∂m¬ A-hn-sSs®-∂v Im-cy-sam-∂pw ]-db - m-\m-hmsX izm-kw-ap-´-tem-sS F-s‚ AΩ F-∂p am-{Xw ]n-dp-]n-dp-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp. kv-t‰-j-\n-ep-≈-h¿ A-bm-sf Xp-dn-®p t\m-°pw. F-s‚ `m-cy F-∂m-bn-cp-∂-t√m Xm≥ ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv F-∂v hn-]n-\t\m¿-Ω h-cp-∂-Xv A-t∏m-gm-Wv. cXv\ - t- a-Je - X-s‚ `m-cy-bm-bn-cp-∂psh-∂ Xn-cn-®-dn-hv A-t∏m-gp-≠m-bXp-t]m-se hn-]n-\≥ ]n-s∂-bpw InX-bv-°pw.

D-W-cp-tºmƒ F-√mw ]-Xn-hp Xm-f-Øn-em-bn-cn-°pw. A-Sp-°-fbn¬ \n-∂v ]m-{X-߃ I-e-ºp-∂ H-® tIƒ-°mw. c-Xv-\-ta-J-e AΩ-bv-°p th-≠n A-∂-sØ B-Zy-

sØ ]m-\o-bw X-øm-dm-°p-I-bmbn-cn-°pw. A-Xn-\p ap≥-]v A-h-fh-cp-sS \-\-™ D-Sp-∏p-I-fpw hn-cn∏p-If - pw am-‰n Nq-Sp-sh-≈Ø - n¬ tZlw Xp-S-®p sIm-Sp-Øn-´p-≠m-hpw.

Nm-cn-bn-cp-Øn ]-√pw ap-J-hpw hrØn-bm-°p-∂-Xv A-Xn-\pw ap≥-]mWv. F-√mw F-{X-tbm th-K-Ønepw hr-Øn-bn-epw. A-hf - p-sS ssIth-Kw hn-]n-\-s\ A-¤p-X-s∏-SpØm-dp-≠v. \-gv-kn-Mv ]Tn-®-h-fm-Wt√m, C-ßs - \-Øs - ∂ th-Wa - t- √m F-∂-bmƒ kz-bw B A-¤p-XsØ Xp-S® - p I-fb - p-Ib - pw sN-øpw. c-Xv-\-ta-J-e t]m-bn-°-gn-™mXm-s\-¥p sN-øp-sa-∂v kz-]v-\Øn¬ \n-∂p-W¿-∂-Xn-s‚ X-f¿-®tbm-sS A-bm-fm In-S-∏n¬ In-S-∂v B-tem-Nn-°p-∂-Xn-t∏mƒ ]-Xn-hmbn-cn-°p-∂p. H-cp Zn-h-kw A-hƒ i-cn-°pw t]m-b° v- f - b - pw. ]-Øp-h¿j-hpw A-bm-f-tXm¿-Øp `-b-s∏Sm-sX-b-√. B Hm¿-Ω-bn¬ A-

bmƒ Iq-Sp-X¬ {Iq-c-\m-hp-am-bn-cp∂p. A-hƒ t]m-hc - p-Xv. A-hƒ kvt\-l-Øn-s‚ ]-®-∏p-I-sf-°p-dn-®v A-⁄b - m-bn-cn-°W - w. A-ßs - \m∂p-≠v F-∂d - n-bp-It- b A-cp-Xv, F¶n¬ A-h-sfm-cn-°-epw X-s∂-bpw A-Ωs - b-bpw hn-´p t]m-hn-s√-∂ hnNn-{X-am-sbm-cp hn-izm-ka - m-bn-cp-∂p hn-]n-\-\v F-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. sk-Iv-kv t]m-epw C-Xn-ep-sa-{Xtbm \-∂m-bn sN-øm≥ hn-]n-\-\dn-bm-sX-b-√. ]-t£ c-Xv-\ta-J-e A-Xn-s‚-sbm-s° cp-Nn-b-dn-bp-∂Xv A-]I - S- a - m-hp-sa-∂v hn-]n-\≥ hnNm-cn-®p. `o-j-Wn-bp-sS-bpw th-Z\-bp-sS-bpw Kp-fn-II - ƒ am-{X-am-Wbmƒ A-hƒ-°p \¬-In-b-Xv. AXp hn-gp-ßn hn-gp-ßn A-hƒ _p≤n-am-μyw kw-`-hn-®-h-sf-t∏m-se A-bm-fp-sS I-ev-]-\-Iƒ-°-\p-k-cn®v Xm-fw N-hn-´-Ww. a-s‰m-cp sXc-s™-Sp-∏m-hi - y-am-sW-∂v A-hƒ°p tXm-∂p-I-tb A-cp-Xv. Ip-sd-t\-cw A-ßs - \ In-S∂ - X - n\p ti-j-am-Wv hn-]n-\≥ F-gpt∂¬-°p-I. A-Ω-bp-sS ap-dn hmXn¬-°¬ sN-∂v A-h¿ kz-ÿbm-sW-∂p-d-∏p h-cp-Øn-bn-t´ Abmƒ ]-√p tX-°m-\pw Ip-fn-°m\p-sam-s° t]m-Iq. Ip-fn-s®m-cpßn-bn-d-ßpw ap≥-]pw A-bmƒ AΩ-bv-°-Sp-Øp t]m-bn t\m-°pw. H∂pw an-≠m-sX A-h¿-°-cn-In-en-cn°pw. B-Zy-sam-s° c-Xv-\-ta-J-e A-bm-tfm-Sm-hi - y-s∏-Sm-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p, A-Ω-bv-°v tIƒ-°m≥ I-gnbp-∂p-≠m-hpw. A-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p kwkm-cn-°q. ssI-øn¬ ]n-Sn-®v ]-gb \-√ Im-cy-ß-sfm-s° ]-d-™p sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°q. A-Ω-bv-°v kam-[m-\-ap-≠m-hpw. dn-°-h-dn th-KØn-em-tb-°pw. c-Xv-\-ta-J-e ]-d™-Xp-sIm-≠p am-{Xw hn-]n-\-\Xp sN-øm≥ a-Sn-®p. A-s√-¶n-epw a-s‰m-cmƒ t\m-°n \n¬-°p-tºmƒ kz-¥w A-Ω-tbm-Sm-bm-epw Ir-{Xna-am-bn kw-km-cn-°p-∂-sX-ß-s\ F-∂v A-bmƒ-°d - n-bn-√. F-s¥-¶nepw ]-d-bm≥ {i-an-®m¬-X-s∂ e÷ sIm-≠b - mƒ-°p ho¿-∏p-ap-´pw. c-Xv-\-ta-J-e A-Sp-°-f-bn-te-t°m a-t‰m am-dn-t∏m-bm-epw \n-t›-„b - mbn-°n-S-°p-∂ A-Ω-tbm-Sp an-≠pI {]-bm-ka - m-Wv. A-Xp-sIm-≠v hn]n-\≥ A-Ω-°-cn-In¬ an-≠m-sXbn-cn-°pw. F-{X t\-cw th-W-sa¶n-epw A-bmƒ-°ß - s - \-bn-cn-°mw.

A-h-cp-sS sa-en-™ ssI-Ø≠ ssI-øn-se-Sp-Øv A-ß-s\

t\m-°n-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ hn-]n-\-\p I-c-®n¬ h-cpw. e-÷-bn-√m-sX Abm-fp-sS I-Æp-Iƒ \n-d-s™m-gpIp-Ib - pw sN-øpw. B-tcm-sS-¶n-epw A-Ω-sb-°p-dn-®p kw-km-cn-t°≠n h-cp-tºm-fpw A-bmƒ C-tX {]-Xn-k-‘n t\-cn-´n-cp-∂p. Hm-^okn-e-bmƒ-°p Im-cy-am-b ku-lrZ-ß-fn-√. B-tcm-Spw an-≠-W-sa-∂bmƒ-°p tXm-∂m-dn-s√-∂-Xm-Wp k-Xyw. tPm-en-°p I-b-dn-b Im-eØv ]-e-cpw Iq-´p-Iq-Sm≥ h-∂n-cp∂p. hn-S¿-∂ h-en-b I-Æp-I-fnhn-jm-Zw \n-d-® B ]-ø-t\m-Sv ap-

kz-¥w tPm-en, h-√-t∏m-gpw H-‰-bv°p am-{X-ap-≈ a-Zy-]m-\w, Hm-h¿ssS-ap-I-fpw H-s°-bm-bn F-√m-bvt∏m-gpw tPm-en sN-øp-∂X - n-epw kºm-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-epw am-{X-ap-≈ {i≤. I-ta-jy¬ hn-`m-KØ - n-se tPmen-bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠v In-´p-∂ ]p-dwh-cp-am-\w hm-ßm-Xn-cn-°m-\p-≈ Imc-Ws - am-∂pw hn-]n-\\ - n-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

F-√m-h-cpw A-Xp hm-ßp-∂p-≠v. t^m¿-Øv t{K-Uv tPm-en-°m-c-\msW-¶n-epw A-bmƒ km-am-\yw kº-∂-\m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂v Iq-sS tPmen sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-h¿ A-kq-b-tbm-

Xn¿-∂-h¿-°v hm-’-eyw t]m-epw tXm-∂n-bn-cp-∂p. th-≠ \n¿-t±-iß-fpw k-lm-b-ß-fp-sam-s° Ah¿ D-Zm-c-am-bn \¬-In. hn-]n-\≥ B-h-iy-s∏-Sm-sX X-s∂. ]-t£ B-Zy-sØ i-ºf - w hm-ßn-°g- n-™v tPm-bn-\n-Mv ]m¿-´n-bp-sS ]-≤-Xnbp-am-bn A-hs - c-Øn-bt- ∏mƒ hn-]n\≥ Xm≥ ]Tn-®v sS-kv-s‰-gp-Xn hm-ßn-® tPm-en-°pw I-„-s∏-´p tPm-en sN-bv-Xp hm-ßn-b i-º-fØn-\pw a-‰p-≈h - ¿-°p sN-eh - p sNøp-∂s - X-¥n-s\-∂p tNm-Zn-®t- ∏mƒ A-h-c-¥w hn-´p t]m-bn. A-Xp ]Øp ]-Xn-\© - p h¿-jw ap≥-]m-Wv. A-Xn-\p ti-jw tPm-en ÿ-e-Øv hn-]n-\t- \-Xm-≠v H-‰b - ° v- m-bn-cp-∂p.

sS ]-d-™p \-S-°p-∂-Xv hn-]n-\\-dn-bmw. A-h¿-°p In-´p-∂-sXms°-tb hn-]n-\-\pw In-´p-∂p-≈q. ]-t£ A-\m-hi - y-am-bn Im-ip sNe-hm-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂ h-gn-I-sf-√mw a\:]q¿-Δw A-S-®n-Sm≥ hn-]n-\-\-dnbp-sa-∂ hy-Xym-kw am-{Xw. Abmƒ-°v ]-Øp-h¿-j-am-bn G-Xm≠p sh-Pn-‰-_nƒ t]m-em-b A-Ωbp-≠v, A-Ø-c-sam-cp tcm-Kn ho-´nep-≠m-hp-∂-Xv F-{X sN-e-hp-≈ Im-cy-am-sW-∂v A-h-tcm¿-°m-sXb-√. A-X¬-∏w a-\:k-am-[m-\w Xcp-∂ Im-cy-am-th-≠X - m-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ A-ßs - \-b√ - kw-`h - n-®X - .v hn]n-\-s\ km-º-Øn-I-am-bn A-Xp _m-[n-®-tX-bn-√ F-∂m-W-h¿-°p Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

31

tXm-∂n-b-Xv. tl-amw-_n-I \-K-dn\-Sp-Øv A-bmƒ G-gp sk‚ v ÿew hm-ßn-b-Xpw A-h-sc A-Xn-ibn-∏n-®p. Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv tIm-f-\ntbm-Sp tN¿-∂p In-S-°p-∂ A-hnsSm-s° ÿ-ew hm-ßp-I-sb-∂-Xv A-h-sc-t∏m-ep-≈-h¿-°v kz-]v-\w Im-Wm≥ t]m-epw ]-‰p-∂-X-√. ]-Øp h¿-ja - m-bn-t√ X-≈ sIS-∏n-em-bn-´v, C-\o-∏w i-cn-bm-hsØm-∂p-an-s√-s∂m-d-∏v, ]n-s∂t¥m-∂v {So-‰s v- a‚ v? sd-bn¬-th Bip-]-{Xo-∂p In-´p-∂ a-cp-∂pw hn‰m-an≥ Kp-fn-tIw am-{Xw. U-b-∏sdm-s° ku-P-\y-am-bn-´p In-´p-∂ H-cp Nm-cn-‰n {S-Ãn-ev c-Pn-Ã-dp sNbv-Xn-´p-sam-≠v. ]q-Ø Im-ip ImWm-Xn-cn-°-Øn-√ ssI-øn-ev... Fs∂m-s° A-k-ly-X-tbm-sS Ah¿ ]-c-kv-]-cw ]-d-™p k-am-[m\n-°pw.

Xm-ak - ÿ e - t- Øm tPm-en ÿe-tØm ]-d-b-Ø-° kp-lr-Xv-_‘-߃ C-√ F-∂p am-{X-a-√, an°-ht- cm-Spw sN-dn-b ]n-W° - ß - f - pap-≠m-bn hn-]n-\\ - .v B-tcm-Spw tbmPn-®p-t]m-Im≥ I-gn-bm-Ø, A-tdmK‚ v B-b kzm-`m-h° - m-c\ - m-Wb - msf-∂p an-°-h-cpw hn-[n-sb-gp-Xn. kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw A-bm-fp-sS `mcy-bpw C-ß-s\m-s°-Ø-s∂-bmhpw. A-bmƒ-s°m-cp `m-cy-bp-s≠∂p X-s∂ ]-e¿-°pw A-dn-bn-√.

A-S-™p-t]m-b a-\- p-≈ H-cm-fpsS \n-Kq-V-am-b Po-hn-X-sa-∂v an°-h-cp-a-bm-tfm-Spw Ip-Spw-_-tØmSpw A-h-⁄ `m-hn-®p.

A-Ωb - v° - p U-b∏ - d - n-\pw bq-dn≥ _m-Kn-\p-sam-s°-bm-bn km-¥z-\ F-s∂m-cp {S-Ãp-am-bn hn-]n-\≥ _‘-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. A-h¿-°v F-s¥¶n-epw C-„-ap-≈ kw-`m-h-\ \¬In-bm¬ a-Xn. B-hi - y-sa-¶n¬ km¥z-\b - p-sS ]m-en-tb-‰o-hv {]-h¿-ØI¿ ho-´n¬ h-cpw, th-≠ ]-cn-N-cW-߃ \¬-Ipw. X-\n-°Ø - c - w klm-b-߃ th-s≠-∂pw H-cp \-gvkn-s‚ ap-gp-h≥ k-a-b tk-h-\w A-Ω-bv-°p-s≠-∂pw hn-]n-\≥ BZyw X-s∂ km-¥z-\-bp-sS U-b-dŒ¿ \n-Xy-k-lm-b-sa-∂ ]m-Xn Xan-g-t\m-Sp ]-d-™n-cp-∂p. B¿ _n.sF-bn¬ tPm-en-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ \n-Xy-k-lm-bw X-s‚ c-≠p s]-◊° - f - p-sS a-cW - Ø - n-\p ti-jam-Wv C-Ø-c-sam-cp {S-Ãv B-cw-`n®-Xv. th-\¬-°m-e-Øv H-cp ln¬kv-t‰-j-\n-te-°p bm-{X t]m-b-Xmbn-cp-∂p A-h¿. ]-Xn-\-©pw ]-Xn-

32

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

t\-gpw h-b- p-≈ a-°ƒ ]n-s∂ Xn-cn-®p h-∂n-√. s]-U¬-t_m-´nD-’m-l-]q¿-Δw A-h¿ c-≠p t]cpw N-hn-´n-\o-ßp-∂X - v \n-Xy-kl - mb-hpw `m-cy-bpw X-Sm-I-Øn-s‚ ssI-h-cn-bn¬ ]n-Sn-®p t\m-°n-\n∂n-cp-∂p. Ip-´n-Iƒ ss[-cy-h-Xn-Ifpw an-Sp-°c - p-am-sW-∂X - v A-h¿-°v A-`n-am-\I - c - a - m-bn-cp-∂p. ]-t£ XSm-I-Øn-s‚ \-Sp-s°-hn-sS-tbm B sN-dn-b t_m-´v h-´w Np-g-‰n X-e-Io-gm-bn a-dn-™p. A-Xn-\p sXm-´p-ap-ºp-≈ \n-an-jw \n-Xy-klm-b-hpw `m-cy-bpw ]p-d-In¬ h∂ tNm-f-°m-c-t\m-Sv Np-´ tNm-fw hm-ßm-\m-bn Xn-cn-™n-cp-∂p. km[m-c-W k-μ¿-`-ß-fn¬ A-Ø-cw A¨ ssl-Po-\n-°m-b kv{- So-‰v^ - pUv A-bmƒ I-gn-°n-√. ]-t£ CXv D-√m-k-bm-{X-bm-W-t√m. F-√m cp-Nn-I-fpw \p-W-b-Ww. F-√m B\-μ-hpw A-dn-b-Ww. ap-gp-Ø-Xpw sam-cn-™-Xp-am-b tNm-f-°-Xn-cp sX-c-s™-Sp-Øv ss]-k-bpw sImSp-Øv X-Sm-I-Øn-te-°p Xn-cn-bptºmƒ Ip-´n-I-fp-sS t_m-´v I-≠n√. X-Sm-I-am-sI H-cp \n-e-hn-fn-bmbn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p. ]n-s∂ A-[n-IIm-ew A-bmƒ tPm-en-bn¬ Xp-S¿∂n-√. a-°f - p-sS a-cW - t- Øm-sS s]s´-∂p _m-[y-X-I-fpw D-Ø-c-hm-ZnXz-ß-fp-sa-√m-sam-gn-™p kz-ÿ\m-bX - p-t]m-se X-\n-°v B-izm-kap-≠m-sb-∂pw _m-¶n-se tPm-enbp-sS k-Ω¿-±-߃ ho-≠pw Xp-Scm≥ H-cp Im-cW - h - p-ah - t- i-jn-®n-cp∂n-s√-∂pw A-bm-fn-t∏mƒ Nn-cn-®psIm-≠p ]-d-bpw.

X-\n-°v tlmw-\-gv-kp-s≠-∂pw U-b∏ - d - pw t{]m-´o≥-s]m-Sn-If - pw am{X-ta B-h-iy-ap-≈p-sh-∂pw ]-d™-t∏mƒ \n-Xy-k-lm-bw hn-]n\-s\ {i-≤-tbm-sS t\m-°n. A-{Xbpw km-º-Øn-I-ti-jn-bp-≈ Hcmƒ-°v ku-P\ - y-am-bn C-sXm-∂pw sIm-Sp-t°-≠-Xn-√. Iq-Sp-X¬ A¿l-cm-b B-hi - y-°m-cp-≠.v X-\n-°m B-\p-Iq-ey-߃ \-„s - ∏-t´-°p-sa∂ `o-Xn-bn¬ hn-]n-\≥ \n-Xy-klm-b-tØm-Sp \-gv-k-√, \-gv-km-b `m-cy-bm-Wp X-\n-°p-≈s - X-∂p sh{]m-fs - ∏-´p Iq-´n-t®¿-Øp. \n-Xy-klm-bw s]m-´n-®n-cn-®p t]m-bn. ]e-t∏m-gpw B-Wp-߃-°p ]-‰p-∂ A-_-≤-am-Wn-sX-∂pw ho-´n¬ `mcy-bp-s≠-∂-√, ]-I-cw Ip-°p-≠v, t_-_n kn-‰d - p-≠v F-s∂m-s°-bmWv Hm¿-°m-sd-∂pw A-bm-f-Xn-s\ X-am-i-bm-°n. X-s‚ `m-cy-sb F-

{X-tbm Im-ew ho-´n-\p-≈n¬ AΩ-sb-∂pw ]p-dØ - n-dß - p-tºmƒ So®-sd-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p A-bmƒ hn-fn®n-cp-∂-Xpw Hm¿-Øn-cp-∂-Xpw. s]s´s∂m-cp Zn-h-kw A-hƒ C-Xp c-≠pw A-√m-Xm-Ip-∂-Xp h-sc Abm-f-ß-s\-Ø-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p Ah-sf-°p-dn-®p Nn-¥n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. hn-]n-\-\v \n-Xy-k-lm-b-tØm-Sv h-fs - c-b[ - n-Iw A-Sp-∏w tXm-∂n. Ub-∏-dp-Iƒ ku-P-\y-\n-c-°n¬ In´-W-sa-∂-Xp am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p Abm-fp-sS e-£yw. ]-t£ A-Xns\m-∏w X-s‚ a-\-kp Xp-d-∂p kwkm-cn-°m≥ ]-‰p-s∂m-cm-sf \n-Xyk-lm-b-Øn¬ hn-]n-\≥ I-s≠Øn. ]-≠-bmƒ A-Ω-tbm-Sm-bn-cp∂p kw-km-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. A-Ω an≠m-Xm-b-t∏mƒ ]-I-c-sa-t∂m-Wsa-Øn-b c-Xv-\-ta-J-e-tbm-Sv Abmƒ-°-Sp-∏-sam-∂pw tXm-∂n-b-Xpan-√. k-l-{]-h¿-Ø-I-tcm-tSm _‘p-°-tfm-tSm an-≠m≥ hn-]n-\-\p Xm-ev] - c - y-hp-an-√.

A-Ω-sb-°p-dn-®v B-tcm-sS-¶nepw Xp-d∂ - p kw-km-cn-°p-tºm-sgms° ]-Xn-hp-≈-Xp-t]m-se hn-]n\≥ A-∂v \n-Xy-k-lm-b-Øn-s‚ ap-∂n-epw hn-Xp-ºn-°-c-™p. BZy-a-bm-fp-sS I-Æp-I-fm-Wp \n-ds™m-gp-Ip-I, ]n-s∂ Np-≠p-Iƒ tIm-Spw, ap-Jw hn-ßpw, hm-°p-Iƒ C-S-dp-I-bpw Xo¿-Øp-an-√m-Xm-hp-Ibpw sN-øpw. A-∂p-a-sXm-s° D≠m-bn. \n-Xy-k-lm-bw k-lm-\p`q-Xn-tbm-sS hn-]n-\-s‚ ssI-Ifn¬ ssI tN¿-Øp. k-lm-ba - `- y¿∞n-®p h-cp-∂ kv-{Xo-Iƒ D-®Øn¬ \n-e-hn-fn-°p-∂-Xpw F-Æns∏-dp-°n I-c-bp-∂-Xpw A-bmƒ an°-hm-dpw Im-Wm-dp-≠v. ]p-cp-j∑m¿ C-ßs - \ I-cb - p-∂X - p Im-Wmdn-√m-Ø-Xp sIm-≠v A-ev-]w A¶-em-∏v A-bmƒ-°p-ap-≠m-bn. kz¥w a-°f - p-sS t_m-´v X-Sm-IØ - nIm-Wm-Xm-b \n-an-jw A-bm-fn-ep≠m-b \-Sp-°w ]n-s∂m-cn-°-epw hn-´p-am-dm-Ø-Xp sIm-≠v B kwkv-Im-c k-a-b-tØm ]n-s∂ Xp-S¿®-bm-bp-≠m-b Zp-c¥ - ß - f - n-tem Abmƒ I-Æp-\n-d-®p I-c-™n-cp-∂n√. lr-Z-b-Øn-s‚ H-cp `m-Kw a-chn-®-Xp t]m-se-bm-W-Xv. H-cp-X-cw kv-t{Sm-°v . I-Æo-cpw th-Z-\-I-fpsam-s° Du-dn-°q-Sp-∂ `m-Kw Ft∂-°p-am-bn \n-t›-X-\-am-bn. hn]n-\≥ I-c-™p Xo-cp-thm-fw \nXy-k-lm-bw £-a-tbm-sS sh-dpsX t\m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. hn-]n-\≥ kz-

ÿ-\m-bn-Øp-S-ßn-b-t∏mƒ Abmƒ kw-km-cn-®p Xp-S-ßn. hn-]n\≥ ]n-∂o-S-sX-t∏m-gpw Hm¿-°mdp≠v. "\n-\-°v B-h-iy-ap-≈ km-[-\߃ C-hn-Sp-∂p In-´pw. Zo¿-L-Ime-tØ-°v A-Xp th-≠n-h-cp-sa-∂p tXm-∂p-∂p. \n-s‚ A-Ω Iw-]mcn-‰o-hven sN-dp-∏a - m-Wt- √m. ]-‰p-∂ t]m-se F-s¥-¶n-epw sUm-tWj≥ X-∂m¬ R-߃-°pw Bizm-kw. ]-t£ \o-bn-ß-s\ I-cb-cp-Xv. \o Ip-fie - t- I-in-∏m-´v tI´n-´p-t≠m? H-cmƒ a-cn-°p-tºmƒ _-‘p-°f - pw an-{X-ßf - pw F-√m-cpw I-c-bpw. A-Xv A-⁄m-\w sIm≠m-Wv.' \n-Xy-k-lm-bw B ]m-´v CuW-Øn¬ ]m-Sn. I-\-Ø i-–w. Xan-gm-bn-cp-∂p. hn-]n-\-\v H-∂pw a-\kn-em-hm-Ø-Xp sIm-≠v A-bm-fXn-s‚ A¿-∞-hpw ]-d-™p sImSp-Øp. ]m-f-bn¬ In-S-°p-∂ {]mbw N-Øv _m-eyw ]n-d° - p-∂p. _mey-{]m-bw N-Øv Iu-am-cw h-cp-∂p.

Iu-am-cw N-Øv bp-h-Xzw. A-Xpw N-Øv hm¿-≤-Iyw. C-ß-s\ H-cp Po-hn-X-Øn¬ F-{X Nm-hp-Iƒ. Hc-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n-∂v a-s‰m-∂n-te-°v am-dp-∂X - p k-Xy-Øn¬ a-cW - a - m-W.v \-Ωƒ ]-t£ A-t∂-cs - am-∂pw Ic-bp-∂n-√. ]n-s∂-¥n-\m-Wv A-hkm-\-sØ a-c-W-Øn¬ am-{Xw Ic-bp-∂X - v? \n-Xy-k-lm-b-tØm-Sv X-e Ipep-°n-sb-¶n-epw hn-]n-\-\v C-Xpw X-s‚ A-hÿ - b - p-am-bp-≈ _-‘w a-\-kn-em-bn-√. a-c-W-Øn-\m-b-h¿ H- c p- ß p- ∂ - X m- W v Cu ho- g v - N , AtXm¿-Øp I-ct- b-≠X - n-√ F-∂p Iq-´n-t®¿-°m≥ \n-Xy-kl - m-bw hn´p t]m-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xp-sIm-≠v hn]n-\-t\m¿-Øp, A-Ω C-\n-bpw acn-®n-´n-√. kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn A-h¿ hm¿-≤I - y-Øn-te-°p I-S∂ - n-cp-s∂¶n¬, Ip-sd-°m-ew I-gn-™v a-cn®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ C-{X-bpw th-Z-\n°m-\n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]-t£ C-Xß - s - \-b√ - . hn-]n-\≥ A-Ωb - ° v- n-„a - √ - m-Ø I-eym-Ww Ign-®X - n-s‚ ]n-t‰-∂m-bn-cp-∂p A-h¿ ho-Wp-t]m-b-Xv. Xm≥ B I-eymW-Øn-\m-bn hm-in ]n-Sn-t°-≠X - n√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v, A-Xn-\p ti-jw hn-]n-\≥ H-cn-°-epw Ip-‰-t_m-[tØm-sS-tbm a-\-kv-Xm-]-tØm-sStbm Hm¿-Øn-cp-∂n-s√-∂-Xm-Wv ]t£ hn-Nn-{Xw. B Dƒ-\m-´n-se sN-dn-sbm-cp

ho-´n-se tIm-em-b-bn¬ X-\n-°p t\-sc Hm-d-©p-\n-d-ap-≈ X-Wp-Ø sh-≈w \o-´n-b s]¨-Ip-´n-sb A∂v X-eb - p-b¿-Øn t\-cmw-hÆ - w hn]n-\≥ I-≠-Xp-t]m-ep-an-√. ap-dpsI ]n-∂n-bn-´ \o-f≥ ap-Sn, hr-Ønbp-≈ hn-c¬-Øp-ºp-Iƒ, e-£W - ap-≈ aq-°v, sa-en-™p t\¿-Ø tZlw. A-Ø-cw I-j-W-߃ tN¿Øv A-bmƒ A-h-fp-sS cq-]w ]n∂o-Sv a-\-kn¬ ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-sbSp-°p-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. B ho-´n¬ Ah-sf i-cn-°p Im-Wm-t\m A-ht- fmSp kw-km-cn-°m-t\m hn-]n-\-\p Hcp X-S- -hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Btcm A-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p kq-Nn-∏n-®t∏mƒ A-bmƒ sh-{]m-f-tØm-sS th-s≠-∂p X-e Ip-ep-°n. X-s∂ B-scm-s°-bm-Wv B ho-´n-\I - Ø - p≈ A-t\-I-a-t\-Iw ]-gp-Xp-I-fn-eqsS Xp-dn-®p-t\m-°p-∂s - X-t∂m¿-Øt∏mƒ F-ß-s\-bpw A-hn-Sp-∂v c£-s]-SW - s - a-∂p am-{X-am-Wv hn-]n\-\v tXm-∂n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-Xv .A]-cn-Nn-X-cp-sS hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°v C-cp-∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ A-

kz-ÿ-X A-bmƒ-°p Xm-ßm-\mhp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. hn-]n-\≥ c-≠m-as - Xm-cn-°¬-°qSn A-Øc - s - am-cp km-lN - c - y-Ønt]m-bn Ip-Sp-ßm≥ B-{K-ln-®n-√. ho-´n¬ sN-∂-Xpw B-Imw-£-tbmsS X-s∂ tNm-Zyw sN-øm-s\-Ønb A-Ω-bv-°v ap-Jw sIm-Sp-°m-sX C-Xp X-s∂ a-Xn F-∂p ]-d-bp-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p A-bmƒ. Iq-Sp-X-e-t\zj-Wß - ƒ-°m-bn A-Ωb - pw _-‘p°-fpw c-Xv-\-ta-J-e-bp-sS ho-´nt]m-b-Xpw Xn-cn-®p-h-∂v C-Xp th≠ F-∂p-d-∏n-®p ]-d-™-Xp hn-]n\-s\ [¿-Ω-k-¶-S-Øn-em-°n. ]t£ A-h¿ ]-d-™-sX-{X-tbm \n m-c-am-b Im-c-W-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

A-h-fp-sS sN-dn-b ho-Sv, A-hƒ \gv-kn-Mv ]Tn-®-Xv, A-h-fp-sS ho-´pIm¿ \p-f-fn-s∏-dp-°n A-hƒ-°p sIm-Sp-°m-\n-cn-°p-∂ ]-Xn-\© - p ]h≥ s]m-∂v. A-Xn-s\-sbm-s° Jfin-°m≥ hn-]n-\-\p F-fp-∏w Ign-™p. A-bmƒ-°pw A-Ω-bv-°pw sd-bn¬-th Izm¿-t´-gv-k-√m-sX kz¥w ho-Sp X-s∂-bn-√. A-hƒ-°v Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

33

sN-dp-sX-¶n-epw kz-¥-am-sbm-∂p≠v. X-s‚ km-º-Øn-I ÿn-Xn°pw tPm-en-°pw 15 ]-h≥ X-s∂ [m-cm-f-am-Wv. c-≠p t]-cpw tPm-en sN-bv-Xm-te C-\n-bp-≈ Im-e-Øp Po-hn-°m≥ ]-‰q. Cu B-tem-N\ X-s∂ D-d-∏n-®m¬ a-Xn. hn-]n\≥ Xo¿-∏p ]-d™ p. ]-Øn¬ F´p s]m-cp-Ø-hp-ap-≈ Pm-X-Iw AΩ-bp-sS A-h-km-\ {]-Xo-£-sbbpw X-I¿-Øp I-f-™p. hn-]n-\≥ ]n-∂o-Sm-Wv B Zn-hk-ß-fn¬ A-Ω h-f-sc hn-jm-Z-hXn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-t∂m¿-sØ-Sp-°p∂-Xv. A-Ω-bp-sS F-Xn¿-∏n-s\ Abmƒ ko-cn-b-km-bn I-W-°m-°nbn-cp-∂n-√. km-cn F-Sp-°m-\pw Xmen hm-ßm-\p-sam-s° _-‘p-°f - mb kv-{Xo-Iƒ h-cn-I-bpw hn-]n-\s\m-∏w I-S-I-fn¬ tI-dn-bn-d-ßp-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp. A-Ω ho-´n-en-cp-∂v A-h¿-°p th-≠n `-£-W-sam-cp°n. I-eym-Ww X-d-hm-´n¬ sh-®p \-S-Øm≥ A-hn-sS-s®-∂p kw-kmcn-®-Xpw Im-cy-ß-tf¿-∏m-Sm-°n-bXpw A-Ω X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ieym-W-°-Øp-Iƒ sIm-Sp-°m-\pw D-’m-ln-®p. I-eym-W-Zn-h-kw Np‰m≥ t\-cn-b I-k-hp-h-c-bp-≈ Nph-∏p-Ic - th-„n-bpw ap-≠pw hm-ßnb-Xv ⁄m-\-ti-J-dn-s‚ A-Ω-sb Iq-´n-t∏m-bm-Wv. I-h-dp-Xp-d-∂v AXp hn-]n-\-\p Im-´n-s°m-Sp-Øv a\- n-ep hn-Nm-cn-®X - v In-´m≥ aq-∂mep I-tS-ev tI-d-≠n h-∂p-sh-∂pw C-cp-]-sØ-´p h¿-j-am-bn Np-h-∏pI-c th-„n Np-‰o-s´-∂pw ]-d-™t∏mƒ A-Ω-bp-sS ap-J-sØ `m-hsa-s¥-∂p hn-]n-\-\p a-\- n-em-bn√. Hm¿-Ω sh-® Im-ew ap-X¬ Ft∏m-gpw I-c-bn-√m-Ø ap-≠pw th„n-bp-am-W-h¿ Np-‰m-sd-∂v hn-]n\≥ Hm¿-Ø-Xpw A-t∏m-gm-Wv. CXv Np-h-∏p-I-c am-{X-a-√, A-Xn-s\ sXm-´p-cp-Ωn t\¿-Ø I-k-hp h-cI-fp-ap-≠v. a-I-s‚ hn-hm-l-Øn-\v A-Ω-bv-°¬-∏w B¿-`m-S-sam-s°bm-hmw. Np-h-∏p-ªu-kv X-bv-°-Wsa-∂p ⁄m-\-ti-J-dn-s‚ A-Ω \n¿-t±-in-®-t∏mƒ A-Ω C-s√-∂p X-e-bm-´n. I-eym-W-Øn-\p Xm≥ s]¨-ho-´n¬ t]m-Ip-∂n-√, h-[p h-∂p-tI-dp-tºmƒ A-hs - f hn-f° - p sIm-Sp-Øp A-I-tØ-°p tI-‰Ww. A-t∂-cw Cu Np-h-∏p th„ow ]-Xn-hp {Iow \n-d-ªu-kpw a-Xn. A-Xp X-s∂ B¿-`m-S-am-Wv. \n-d-ß-fn-√m-Ø A-Ω-bp-sS Po-hnX-sØ-°p-dn-t®m¿-Ø-t∏mƒ hn-]n-

34

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

\-\p k-¶-Sw h-∂p ap-´n.

C-cp-]s - Ø-´p h¿-jw ap≥-]v A\m-Y-bm-b kv-{Xo. A-∂p hn-]n-\\v A-Ωb - p-sS h-b‰ - n¬ aq-t∂m \mtem am-kw {]m-bw Im-Wpw. ]ns∂ A-Ω \n-d-ap-≈ th-j-߃ Np-‰n-bn-´p-≠m-hn-√. hn-]n-\≥ A-Ωsb Cu th-j-Øn-e-√m-sX H-cn°-epw I-≠n-´n-√. ]-hn-gw t]m-b-t∏mƒ hn-]n-\≥ A-Ω-tbm-Sv I-eym-W-Øn-\p ]-´pkm-cn Np-‰W - s - a-∂p \n¿-_‘ - n-®p.

A-Ω-°v A-º-Xp h-b-tk B-bn´p-≈q. a-Is - ‚ I-eym-WØ - n-\v Xo¿®-bm-bpw \n-da - p-≈ tN-e Np-‰W - w. ]-t£ a-‰p ]-e¿-°p-≈-Xpw c-Xv-\ta-J-e-bv-°p-≈ ]p-S-h-bpw hm-ßns®-¶n-epw hn-]n-\≥ A-Ω F-¥pSp-°p-sa-∂v B-tem-Nn-®n-cp-∂n-√.

A-Xp km-c-an-√, s]-s´-∂p t]mbn i-Ip-¥-f-bn¬ \n-t∂m s\-Spßm-Sn-bn¬ \n-t∂m F-Sp-°m-hp-∂X-t√-bp-≈q. A-Ω h-cp-∂n-s√-¶nth-≠, Xm≥ X-s∂ t]m-bn hmßmw. H-cp Np-h-∏p \n-d-]-´p-tN-e.

A-Ω Np-‰p-sa-∂p-d-∏p X-∂m¬ aXn. ]-t£ A-Ω th-s≠-∂v Xo¿∏p ]-d-™p. \-√ Im-e-sØm-∂pw \n-d-ap-≈-Xn-´n-´n-√. \-√ Im-ew Xs∂ Po-hn-X-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-´n-√. C\n-bn-t∏m Cu {]m-b-Øn¬ A-Xp th-≠. Cu Np-h-∏p-I-c th-„n aXn.

"\n-W-°-dn-tbm, F-s‚ I-eymW-Øn-\pw C-tX t]m-e-sØ Nph-∏p-Ic - th-„ow ap-≠p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

C-Øn-cn Iq-Sn ho-Xo-ev. c-≠p h-iØpw I-´o-ev I-k-hp \q-tem-Sn-®n´pw-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Np-h∏ - p _vf - u-km C-´-Xv. Np-h-∏p-I-√p sh-® I-Ω-epw ]-Xt- °mw-≠m-cp-∂p. \-√ `w-Ko-≠v∂v F-√m-cpw ]-d-™p, ' A-Ω s]-s´-∂v B-th-i-tØmsS kw-km-cn-®-Xv hn-]n-\-\n-t∏mgpw Hm¿-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. C-Øc - w Imcy-ßs - fm-∂pw A-hs - cm-cn-°e - pw aI-t\m-Sp kw-km-cn-®n-´n-√. C-{X-bpw ssh-In C-t∏mƒ A-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®h¿ ]-d-bp-∂-Xv tIƒ-°m≥ Abmƒ-°n-„w tXm-∂n-b-Xp-an-√. AΩ-am¿ ap-Xn¿-∂ a-°-tfm-Sv kz-¥w hn-hm-l-sØ-°p-dn-s®m-s° C-ßs\ B-th-i-tØm-sS ]-d-bp-∂-Xv tI-´n-cn-t°-≠n h-cp-∂-Xv F-{X hnc-k-am-sW-∂v A-bm-tfm¿-Øp. AXpw X-I¿-∂-Sn-™p t]m-b H-∂ns\-°p-dn-®v. ]-t£ c-Xv-\-ta-J-etbm-Sp-≈ C-„-t°-sS-√mw A-h¿ a-d-∂p-sh-t∂m¿-Ø-t∏mƒ hn-]n\≥ k-t¥m-jn-°p-I X-s∂ sNbv-Xp. Ip-sd Zn-h-k-߃-°p tijw C-∂m-W-Ω C-{X-bpw sX-fn™ ap-J-tØm-sS kw-km-cn-°p∂-Xv. Cu k-t¥m-jw C-\n F∂p-ap-≠m-hpw. t\-sc ap-Jw t]m-epw I-≠n-´n-

s√-¶n-epw B sa-en-™ s]¨Ip-´n C-t∏m-fb - m-fp-sS cm-{Xn-If - ntI-dn h-cm-dp-≠v. A-h-sf ]p-W¿∂pw X-gp-In-bpw A-bm-fp-W-cm-dpap-≠v. I-eym-Ww I-gn-™v A-h-fpsam-Øv C-hn-sS Xm-a-kn-°p-∂sXm-s° hn-]n-\≥ B-tem-Nn-®p Xp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. B-sI c-≠p ap-dn-tb D-≈q. tI-dn h-cp-∂ ap-dnbm-Wv C-cp-∏p-ap-dn-bpw hn-]n-\s‚ In-S-∏-d-bpw. Sn-hn sh-®n-cn-°p∂-Xpw A-hn-sS-bm-Wv. Ip-d-s®-¶nepw ss{]-h-kn-bp-≈-Xv A-I-sØ ap-dn-bn-em-Wv. A-hn-sS-bm-Wv A-Ωbp-sS In-S-∏v. A-Ω-b-Xv \-h-Z-ºXn-Iƒ-°p th-≠n hn-´p X-t∂°pw. hn-]n-\≥ A-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p tNm-Zn-®n-´n-√. ]-t£ A-Ω sN-ømXn-cn-°n-√m-bn-cn-°pw. A-hn-sS Nne {I-ao-Ic - W - ß - s - fm-s° h-cp-Øm\p-≠.v ]p-Xn-b In-S° - , I¿-´\ - p-Iƒ.

C-\n A-Ω A-sXm-gn-™p X-cp-∂ns√-¶n¬ \n¿-_-‘-am-bn A-Ω-sb Ip-Sn-sbm-gn-°m-s\m-∂pw h-ø. B s]¨-Ip-´n-bp-sam-∏w Xm≥ ]-g-b t]m-se X-s∂ Xp-Sc - pw. A-hƒ-°pa-Xp A-Uv-P-Ãp sN-øm≥ ]-‰pw.

A-ß-s\-sbm-s° F-s¥-√mw {]-Xo-£-I-tfm-sS-bm-Wv hn-]n-\≥ A-Ω-bv-s°m-∏w ]n-t‰-∂p X-d-hm´n-te-°p t]m-b-Xv. A-Ω-bp-sS apJ-Øv ]n-s∂-bpw Im¿-ta-L-߃ C-g-™p I-b-dn-b-Xv hn-]n-\≥ ImWm-Xn-cp-∂n-√. Pm-XI - s - ∏m-cp-Øs - a¶n-ep-an-√m-Xn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ C-Xp \S-°m≥ k-Ω-Xn-°n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p A-Ω A-Sp-°-f-bn¬ sh-®v Dd-s°-∏-d-™-t∏mƒ a-\-s∏m-cp-Øa-t√-So {]-[m-\w, A-h-\-h-sf I≠-t∏m-Ø-s∂ C-„-s∏-´n-t√, C\n \o-sb-¥p ]-d™ n-s´-¥m-Wv F∂p h-en-b-Ω-am-cm-tcm A-Xn-ep-ap®-Øn¬ ]-d-™p. "a-\-s∏m-cp-Øw! Ip-¥-am! A-

hƒ-°v ssI-hn-jw sIm-Sp-°m-\p≈ an-Sp-°p-t≠m-∂m F-s‚ t]Sn. sa-en-™p tIm-ew sI-´ B s]-Æn-s\-Øs - ∂ th-Ws - a-∂h - ≥ hm-in ]n-Sn-®-sX-¥n-\m-∂v F-\n°p a-\-kn-em-hp-∂n-√. A-Xpw \gv-kv! B-cm-s‚ aq-t{Xmw a-temw tIm-cp-t∂m-fv...tO, A-d∏ - m-hp-∂p!'

A-Ω-bp-sS i-–-Øn¬ A-h⁄ Xp-fp-ºn. \-gv-kn-sß-∂p sh®m¬ tXm-´n-∏-Wn-bm-sW-∂ `m-hØn-em-Wv A-h-c-Xp ]-d-™-Xv. "B¿-°-dn-bmw. \o H-∂p I-cpXn-bn-cp-t∂m hn-t\m-Z. A-t√¬-Øs∂ B-tc-epw h-S-t°m-´v s]-Æt\z-jn-°p-tam? s\-s∂-∏d - ™ ma-Xn. A-tßm-´p s]-Æp tNm-Zn-®v hn-´-Xn-\v. H-s° H-Sn-hn-tZyw at{¥mw am-tbm-sam-s° A-dn-bpt∂m-cm. \-Ω-sS kw-kv-Im-tcm-an√, ]-´n-°m-´p-Im-cv...' th-sdm-cp A-Ωm-bn-bpw D-d-s°∏-d-™p.

A-Sp-°f - b - n¬ tX-ß Nn-ch - p-∂Xn-s‚-bpw A-Sp-∏p I-Øp-∂X - n-s‚bpw sh-≈w tIm-cp-∂-Xn-s‚-bpsam-s° ]-eh - n-[ H-®I - f - m-bn-cp-∂p.

A-Xp sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°pw B kv{Xo-Iƒ C-{X-bp-ap-d-s° an-≠ns°m-≠n-cp-∂X - v. In-Wd - n-\c - n-Insh-∏p-Im¿-°p-≈ km-[\ - ß - s - fm-cp°p-∂X - n-\n-Sb - n¬ A-sXm-s°-bpw hn-]n-\-s‚ sN-hn-bn¬ h-∂p hoWp. A-Ω-bpw c-Xv-\-ta-J-e-bp-sam∂n-®v \-K-c-Øn-se Izm¿-t´-gv-knse Xm-ak - s - Ø-°p-dn-®v Xm-\p-≠m°n-b k-¶-ev-]-ß-sf-√mw H-‰-b-Sn°p X-I-cp-∂-Xp t]m-se hn-]n-\\p tXm-∂n. H-∂pw th-≠n-bn-cp-∂ns√-∂-bmƒ tJ-Zn-®p. ]-t£ \m-sf c-Xv-\-ta-J-e-sb Xm-en sI-´n-b-Xn-\p ti-jw X-s‚ Po-hn-XØ - n-ep-≠m-Im-\n-cn-°p-∂ XIn-Sw a-dn-®-ep-I-sf-°p-dn-®v A-ev-]-

as‰mcp ]mT-a-√ ]mT-t`Zw ]mTt`Zw A¬ Aao≥ _n¬UnwKv Nn¥mhf∏v, tImgn-t°mSv˛4 8086205415, 9446464948 patabhedam@gmail.com

sa-¶n-epw Du-ln-°m≥ I-gn-™ncp-s∂-¶n¬ hn-]n-\-\v C-sXm-s° F-{X-tbm \n- m-ca - m-tb-s\. hn-hml-∏n-t‰-∂v cm-hn-se A-bm-fp-sS A-Ω Nn-ch - Ø - p-ºn-te-°p a-dn-™p ho-Wv tem-I-Øn-s‚ F-√m ]n≥hn-fn-Iƒ-°p t\-sc-bpw sN-hn-sIm´n-b-S-°m-\n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-∂p Ct∏mƒ A-bm-sf-ß-s\-b-dn-bm-\mWv! sN-dn-b B-\-μ-ß-fpw \o-c-kß-fp-sam-s°-bm-bn kz-ÿa - m-sbmgp-In-bn-cp-∂ Hm-f-∏-c-∏p-I-fn¬ \n∂v B-g-ß-fn-te-°v A-Ω-bv-s°m∏w hn-]n-\-s‚ Po-hn-X-hpw B-≠p t]m-hpw. \m-ev-]-Xp In-tem-ao-‰-dpIƒ-°-I-se \m-sf \-h-h-[p-amsbm-cp-ßm-\n-cn-°p-∂ H-cp s]¨Ip-´n A-h-fp-sS sN-dn-b ap-dn-°-IØv A-Xn-Yn-I-sf ]-´p-h-kv-{X-ßfpw B-`-c-W-s®-∏p-I-fp-sam-s° Xp-d-∂p Im-Wn-®pw X-\n-s°m-cn°¬ am-{Xw I-≠p ]-cn-N-b-ap-≈ sN-dp-∏-°m-c-s‚ hn-ti-j-߃ ]d-™pw \n-d-ap-≈ kz-]v-\-ß-fp-ambn Im-Øn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. A-h-fp-sS Po-hn-X-hpw I-√p sI-´n-Øm-gv-Ønb-Xp-t]m-se B-g-°-b-ß-fn¬ apßn-t∏m-hpw.

C-Ø-cw Zp:J-I-c-am-b A-\p-`h-߃ A-ÿn-ca - m-b tem-IØ - nA-≈n-∏n-Sn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p-≈ ]mTam-sW-∂p a-\-kn-em-°m-\pw AXn-s\ kw-b-a-\-tØm-sS t\-cn-Sm\pw ]-t£ A-h¿ aq-h¿-°pw km[n-°p-I-bp-an-√. \o-dp-∂ ap-dn-hp-I-fn¬ ap-≈p-Ifm-gv-Øn h-en-°m≥ h-cpw-Im-ew A-h-sc B¿-Øn-tbm-sS Im-Øncn-°p-∂-dn-bm-sX A-∂m In-W-‰p]-Sn-bn¬ hn-]n-\≥ sN-dn-b sN-dnb Im-cy-ß-tfm¿-Øv hn-jm-Z-`-cn-X\m-bn G-sd-t\-c-an-cp-∂p.

(F-gp-Xn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂ t\m-h-en¬ \n-∂v)

hcnkwJy: 200 cq] _m¶v Hm^v alm-cmjv{S tImgn-t°mSv {_m©v Ac. No.20165712159 (IFSC: MAHB0000408) (XpI A°u-≠n-e-S® hnhcw FkvFw-Ftkm sabvtem hgn {]tXyIw Adn-bn-°-Ww)

XpI KqKnƒt]bmbpw Ab°mw: 8086205415

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

35

Fw F A-\n-X

sXm-Sm-hp-∂-Xn-s‚ B-g-Øn¬ sXm-´p-I-gn-™m¬ ]n-s∂ a-s‰m-∂n-s\-bpw sXm-Sp-I h-sø-∂m-hpw.

Im-Wm-hp-∂-Xn-s‚ A-‰-sa-Øn-bm¬ ]n-s∂ a-s‰m-∂pw Im-Wm-\n-s√-∂m-hpw tIƒ-hn-bp-a-tX, G-‰-hpw \-√ i-–w Im-Xp-I-f-S-®p-I-f-bpw ]n-∂o-Sv G-Xp sIm-Sp-¶m-‰n-\pw In-fn-hm-Xn-en-\p sh-fn-bn¬ h-®p-X-s∂ H-cp ]-X¿-®-tbm-sS ]n≥-hm-tß-≠n-h-cpw t\¿-°p-t\-sc B-Im-iw sIm-≠p-h-®m-epw H-cp Io-d-°-S-em-km-sW-∂p tXm-∂pw i-–-an-√m-Xn-cn-°-e-√ tIƒ-°p-∂-X-h-km-\n-∏n-°-em-Wv \n-»-–-X sau-\w A-ß-s\-b-√ A-e-®p-h-cp-∂ Xn-c-sb H-cp Ip-S-Øn-e-S-bv-°-em-W-Xv sau-\w ]m-en-®p-sIm-≠v \n-i-–-X-bn-te-s°-Øm-\m-hn-√ Im-c-Ww, A-S-®p-h-® I-SIp-S-Øn-\p-≈n¬-°n-S-∂v A-e-dn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pw \o Im¿-sIm-≠m¬ H-cp I-S¬ Iq-sS h-cpw s]-bv-Xm¬ an-gn sIm-≠v A-W sI-´pw sh-bn¬ \-\-™v \o-dp-tºmƒ Hm-tcm Xp-≈n sIm-≠pw Ip-S ]n-Sn-°pw F-∂n-´pw H-cp Ip-∂n-°p-cp-thm-fw tNm-∏v-tX-Sn H-cp Ip-ºnƒ P-e-Øn¬ A-kv-X-an-®p I-f-™n-t√ \o?

36

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

\-´p-®-bp-sS I-Æp-sh-´n-®v tXm-´n-d-ºn-eq-sS H-gp-In-h-∂p H-cp ]p-≈n-∏m-hm-S, N-Xp-∏n-s‚ G-Im-{K-X-bn¬, t]-Sn-®p ]-d-∂ s]m-∑-®p-≠n¬ \n-∂v, A-h-fp-sS I-Æn¬ ]n-S-™p ho-Wp, Xn-f-ßp-∂ c-≠p ao≥ Ip-™p-߃, C-c Xo¿-∂ Im-en-s®-c-´, P-e c-l-ky-ß-fn-te-°v Du-gn-bn-Sp-tºmƒ, Im-Wm-®-c-Sn¬ ]n-S-®p Xp-S-ßn, D-S-en¬ , \o-e R-c-tºm-Sn-b, H-cp a-Æn-c,,, ap-‰-sØ sN-fn-bn¬, s]m-´n-b-S¿-∂ a¨-N-´n-bn-te-°v, I-dp-Ø a-g s]-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-t°, B-g-Øn¬ I-an-gv-∂ Ip-gn-b≥ sN-c-´-bnsN-In-f ]q-´n Np-cp-≠n-cp-∂p h-gp-h-gp-∏p-≈ H-cm¨ ao≥ cm-{Xn-a-™n-\p ao-sX H-‰-bv-°p ho-W ]q-hp-t]m-se Rm≥ a-cn-®p-In-S-°p-∂p \n-i-–-cm-b C-e-Iƒ am-{Xw I-Æo¿ s]m-gn-t° \n-g-ep-Iƒ-°-∏p-d-Øm-Wv \o Zr-Iv-km-£n-bm-b ]-I¬ In-fn-sbm-®-Iƒ-°v ao-sX Im-d-d-\-°-ß-fn-eq-sS D-Ω h-®v hn-S X-cp-∂p...

t\m-°n-bn-cn-t° H-cp Xp-≈n a-g H-cp Xp-≠p sh-bn-en-s\ D-Ω h-®-Xp t]m-em-bv \-Ωƒ B-g-ap-f-f I-Æp-Iƒ-sIm-≠v \o I-≠-Xp sIm-≠m-h-Ww Rm≥ I-S-em-b-Xv \-Ωƒ F-{X kv-t\-ln-°p-∂p-sh-∂v ]-c-kv-]-cw tNm-Zn-°p-tºmƒ c-≠p D-]-a-I-tf F-\n-t°m¿-Ω h-cp-∂p-≈q s]-bv-Xv s]-bv-Xv {]-f-b-am-Ip-∂ H-cp a-g F-cn-®v F-cn-®v Nm-º-em-°p-∂ H-cp sh-bn¬..

I-≠n-´p-s≠m, kq-cy-s\ ly-Z-b-Øn¬ a-d-hp-sN-bv-Xv N-{μ-\n-te-°v th-en-tb-dp-∂ I-S-en-s\?

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

37

]n.sI.`m-Ky-e-£v-an

Xn

C-ß-s\ a-kn-ev ]n-Sn-°-t√ πo-kv-! tPym-Xn a-Z≥

Fs¥m-cv a-kn-ep-]n-Sp-Ø-am-Wn-Xv ! cm-hn-se F-gp-t∂¬-°p-tºmƒ ap-X¬ cm-{Xn InS-°p-∂-Xv h-sc a-kn-ev ]n-Sn-®v sS≥-j-\-Sn-®v \-Ω-fnß-s\..... ]q-°-tfm-Spw ]q-ºm-‰-I-tfm-Spw an-≠n-bpw ]-d™pw Ip-´n-I-tfm-Spw Iq-´p-Im-tcm-Sp-sam-Øv B-Sn∏m-Sn-bpw D-’m-l-tØm-sS tPm-en-Iƒ sN-bv-Xpw Xo¿-t°-≠-X-s√ Hm-tcm Zn-h-k-hpw? F-∂n-´v \-Ωsf-¥m-Wv Cu sN-bv-Xp sIm-≠n-cn-bv-°p-∂-Xv? H-t∂m¿-Øp t\m-°q..... \-Ω-sfm-∂v a-\-kv Xp-d∂v Nn-cn-®n-s´-{X \m-fm-bn? H-∂v s]m-´n-°-c-™n-´v t]m-epw! kz-bw Ip-gn-®v-aq-Sn sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv \-Ωƒ; Po-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv a-‰m-tcm B-Wv \-ap-°v t]m-epw, A-]-cn-Nn-X-cm-b B-tcm... t_m¨-km-bv a-c-ß-sf h-f¿-Øp-∂-Xv t]m-se I-ºn sI-´n I-ºn sI-´n sR-cp-°n-bn-cn-bv-°p-I-bmWv \-Ωp-sS ]m-hw a-\-kn-s\. F-{X-tbm Im-e-ambn kz-bw Xo¿-Ø I-ºn-th-en-°p-≈n¬ \-Ωƒ izmkw-ap-´n ]n-S-bp-∂p!

F-{X t\-cw th-W-sa-¶n-epw (Nn-e-t∏mƒ Zn-h-kß-tfm-fw) H-cp D-dp-ºn-s‚ k-©m-c-]-Yhpw H-cp F´p-Im-en h-e s\-øp-∂Xpw t\m-°n-bn-cn-bv° - m-\p-sam∂pw a-‰p-≈-h¿-°v H-cp a-Sn-bp-an-√. \-ap-°m-I-s´ AsXm-s° {`m-¥n-s‚ e-£-W-ß-fm-Wv Xm-\pw.

"The greatest freedom is to be free of our own mind " ∂v Hm-tjm ]-d-bp-∂p. \-Ω-fm-I-s´ a-\- v

Xp-d-∂v Nn-cn-bv-°m≥, H-cp ]m-´n-s\m-∏w aq-fm≥, Hcp \r-Ø-®p-h-Sv sh-bv-°m≥ B-sc-sbm-s°-tbm `b-°p-∂p. C-sXm-s° sN-bv-Xm¬ \-Ωp-sS ap-Jw-aqSn-Iƒ A-gn-™p ho-gp-sa-∂m-sW-¶n¬, aq-°v sX-dn®v t]m-Ip-sa-∂m-sW-¶n¬, \-Ω-sf sX-‰n-≤-cn-t®°p-sa-∂m-sW-¶n¬ A-sXm-s°-b-ßv kw-`-hn-°-s´ F-∂v Xo-cp-am-\n-bv-°p-∂-X-t√ \-√-Xv? h-cq... a-\-kn-s\ Xp-d-∂v hn-Sm≥ k-a-b-am-bn. \Ω-fm-bn Po-hn-°-t≠ \-ap-°v? C-ß-s\ a-kn-ev ]nSn-®m-se-ß-s\-bm?

38

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

-c-°p-≈ \-K-c-Øn¬ {Sm-^n-°v kn-Kv-\Im-Øn-cp-∂ H-cmƒ-°v s]m-Sp-∂-s\ Im-gv-N-i-‡n \-„s - ∏-Sp-∂p. A-hn-sS-\n-∂m-Wv tcm-KØ - n-s‚ XpS-°w. I-Y-bp-tS-bpw. `o-Xn-X-am-b I-c-®n-tem-sS \n- -lm-b-\m-bn \n¬-°p-∂ bp-hm-hn-s\ a-s‰mcmƒ kp-c£ - n-Xa - m-bn ho-´n-se-Øn-°p-∂p. A-bmƒ Im-gv-N \-„-s∏-´ bp-hm-hn-s‚ h-≠n tam-„n-®v B]-Øp-Is - fm-∂p-an-√m-Ø H-cn-SØ - v F-Øn-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂p. A-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ A-bm-fp-sS Im-gv-N \„-s∏-Sp-∂p. B-Zyw Im-gv-N \-„-s∏-Sp-∂ bp-hmhn-s‚ `m-cy A-bm-tf-bpw Iq-´n I-Æv tUm-Œ-sd Im-Wm≥ ¢n-\n-°n¬ sN-√p-∂p. ¢n-\n-°n-se-Ønb-h-cn¬ \n-∂pw tUm-Œ¿-°pw tcm-Kw ]n-Sn-s]-Sp∂p. A-t±-lw B-tcm-Ky-h-Ip-∏n-te-°v hn-h-c-a-dnbn-°p-I-bpw tUm-Œ-dpw H-∏w `m-cy-bpw Izm-d‚o\n¬ {]-th-in-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. H-∏w ¢n-\n°n¬ ]-cn-tim-[-\-°m-sb-Øn-b-h-cp-ap-≠v. s]-s´∂v X-s∂ \-K-c-Øn-se Iq-Sp-X¬ B-fp-I-fn-te°v tcm-Kw ]-S¿-∂p-]n-Sn-°p∂p. ]-I¿-®-hym-[n X-S-bm≥ tcm-K-_m-[n-X-sc GIm-¥-X-S-hn¬ ]m¿-∏n-°p-I am-{X-sa c-£-bp-≈q F-∂v a-\- n-em-°n-bm-Wv D-t]-£n-°-s∏-´ am-\kn-I-tcm-Km-ip-]-{Xn, Izm-d‚o≥ tI-{μ-am-bn sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. A-`-b-tI-{μ-Øn¬ B-fp-I-sf kw-c£ - n-°m≥ A-h¿-°v `-£W - h - pw A-hi - y km[-\ß - f - pw F-Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ ]-´m-f° - m-sc \ntbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Iq-Sp-X¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ B-fp-I-fn-te°v tcm-Kw ]-S¿-∂-t∏mƒ A-`-b tI-{μ-Øn-\-IØpw ]p-dØ - p-ap-≈ F-√m \-S] - S- n-{I-aß - f - p-sS-bpw Xm-fw sX-‰p-I-bpw {]-iv-\w cq-£-am-bn-Øp-S-cp-Ibpw sN-øp-∂p.

I-Æn¬-\n-∂v I-Æn-te-°v Im-gN -v b - n¬ \n-∂v ImgvN - b - n-te-°v, sh-fn-®Ø - n¬ \n-∂v C-cp-´n-te-°v tcmKw A-Xn-th-Kw ]-I-cp-I-bm-Wv. tcm-K-Im-cn-I-tfm, Im-cW - ß - t- fm A-dn-bm-Ø A-⁄m-Xt- cm-Kw. t]c-dn-bm-Ø \-K-c-Øn-te-°v, t]-cp-I-fn-√m-Ø Bfp-If - n-te-°v, km¿-h{- Xn-Ia - m-b kw-`h - n-®p-sIm-≠ncn-°p-∂-h-bv-°v t]-tcm \m-tSm tcm-K-Im-cn-I-tfm hn-jb - a - m-Ip-∂n-√. F-¥pw F-t∏m-gpw F-hn-sS-bpw kw-`-hn-°mw. `-hn-jy-Øp-Iƒ t\-cn-Sm-\p-≈ k∂-≤-X, k-÷o-I-c-W-߃ A-h-bp-sS t]m-cm-bva-Iƒ F-√mw X-In-Sw a-dn-®p-sIm-≠v G-Io-I-cn®p-h-bv-°-s∏-´ km-aq-ln-I {I-a-ß-sf-sb-√mw A´n-a-dn-°p-∂p. "ssª≥-Uv-\- v' k-c-am-tKm hn-s‚ Po-hn-Xm-\p-`h - ß - f - n¬ \n-∂pw D-cp-Øn-cn-™p-h∂ t\m-h¬ cq-]-am-sW-∂-Xn¬ kw-i-b-an-√.

N-cn-{X-hpw I-dp-Ø lm-ky-hpw `m-h\ - b - p-sS Xnf-®p-ad - n-be - pw {]-tXy-Ia - m-b Im-gvN - ∏ - m-Sp-If - n-eq-sS X-\-Xp `m-jm-ssi-en-bn-eq-sS k-c-am-tKm X-s‚ Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ B-te-J-\w sN-øp-∂p. a-\p-jym-hÿ-I-fp-sS G-‰-hpw C-cp-≠ A-h-ÿ-I-fn-eq-sS I-S-∂p-t]m-bn-cp-∂ Po-hn-X-]-›m-Ø-ew A-t±-lØn-s‚ Ir-Xn-I-fp-sS C-Xn-hr-Ø c-N-\-bn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I ]-¶p h-ln-°p-∂-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. D-t]-£n-°-s∏-´ H-cp a-t\m-tcm-Km-ip-]-{Xn-bmbn-cp-∂p A-Xv. Im-‰n¬ Xo-sb-∂-t]m-se hym-]n-

C-cp-´v \-Ωp-sS I-Æp-Is- f a-db - ° v- p-tºmƒ B-cm-Wv C-cp-´n¬- s]Sp-∂X - v? tem-Ia- m-tWm \-Ωf - m-tWm?

F-∂m-Wv \-ap-°v Im-gv-N Xn-cn-®p In-´p-∂-Xv ? ®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ ]-I¿-®-hym-[n X-S-bm-\m-bn tcm-K_m-[n-X-sc ]m¿-∏n-°m-\m-bn sX-c-s™-Sp-Ø GIm-¥-hm-k ÿ-ew. I-Æn¬-\n-∂pw I-Æn-te-°mbn-cp-∂p tcm-K-∏-I¿-®. I-Æn-se sh-fn-®w I-h¿-s∂Sp-Øv A-Xn-\v ap-I-fn¬ "sh-fp-Ø ]m-S-bn-´v' aq-Sn I≈≥ I-S-∂p-I-f-bpw. Im-Wm-t\m tIƒ-°m-t\m Ign-bm-Ø-h≥. tcm-Km-Wp. F√m Im- e - Ø pw F-hn-sS-sb-∂n√m- s X A- h ≥ ]-Ωn-bn-cn-∏p-≠v. kq-cy-s\ t\m- ° q, A- X hn-sS-Ø-s∂-bp≠v, sh-fn-®w hnX-dn-s°m-≠v. Ccp-´v \-Ωp-sS IÆp-I-sf a-d-bv°p-tºmƒ Bcm-Wv C-cp-´n¬s∏-Sp-∂X - v? temI-am-tWm \-Ωfm-tWm? B-Zym-h-km\w h- s c I- Y bn¬ \n-d-™p\n¬- ° p- ∂ IYm- ] m- { X- a m- W v I-Æp-tcm-K hn-ZKv-[-\m-b tUmŒ-dp-sS `m-cy. A-h¿-°p am-{X-ta B \-K-c-ØnIm-gv-N A-h-ti-jn-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. ]-s£ A-Xm-tc-bpw A-dn-bn-°p-∂n-√. C-Xv I-Ym-K-Xn-sb \n-b-{¥n-°m-t\m Im-gv-N-Iƒ A-h-cn-eq-sS ]-I¿∂n-Sm-t\m B-hmw. t\m-h-en¬ a-‰v ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-sfm∂pw C-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®n-√. B-Zyw X-s∂ Izm-d‚o-\ns]-Sp-∂ tUm-Œ-sd X-\n-sb hn-Sm≥ a-\- n-√m-ØXp-sIm-≠v `m-cy-bpw Iq-sS t]m-Ip-∂p. ]-e hm¿Up-I-fn-ep-am-bn Izm-d‚o-\n¬ I-gn-bp-∂ B-fp-I-sf tUm-Œ-dp-sS `m-cy ]-e-hn-[-Øn¬ k-lm-bn-°p-∂p≠v. A-`-b tI-{μ-Øn-se ÿn-Xn A-\p-Zn-\w h-jfm-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv sIm-≠v ]n-∂o-Sv A-h¿-°-

Xn-\v I-gn-bm-sX h-cp-∂p. X-S-hn-em-°-s∏-´-h-cp-sS C-S-bn-epw A-h-sc ]-cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn Np-a-Xe-tb¬-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂ ]-´m-f-°m¿-°n-S-bn-epw i-{XpX h¿-≤n-®p-h-cp-∂p. `-£-W-Øn-\v th-≠n kv-{XoIƒ i-co-cw h-sc \¬-Im≥ \n¿-_‘ - n-°s - ∏-´p-sIm≠n-cp-∂p. A-∂-Øn-\v th-≠n A-`n-am-\w. X-S-hnem-°-s∏-Sp-∂ kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS k-¶-S-߃ I-≠p-\nev-°m≥ I-gn-bm-sX, a-s‰m-cp hm¿-Un-se {Kq-∏v- X-eh-s\ tUm-Œ-dp-sS `m-cy-bv-°v sIm-t√-≠n-h-cp-∂p.

N-cn-{X-hpw I-dp-Ø lm-ky-hpw `m-h-\-bp-sS Xnf-®p-a-dn-b-epw {]-tXy-I-am-b Im-gv-N-∏m-Sp-I-fn-eq-sS X-\-Xp `m-jm-ssi-en-bn-eq-sS k-c-am-tKm X-s‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ B-te-J-\w sN-øp-∂p-≠v. t\m-h-en-s‚ A-h-km-\w F-√m-h¿-°pw Im-gv-N Xn-cn-sI e-`n-°p-∂p. a-lm-am-cn-bn¬, G-Im-[n-]-XyØn¬ s]-´p-t]m-b-h¿-°v F-∂m-Wv Im-gv-N Xn-cn-®p In-´p-∂-Xv?

_p-≤t- Z-hv Zm-kK -v p-]X -v (N-e® - n-{X-Im-c\ - pw I-hn-bpw) 2021 Pq¨ 10

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

39

sF-iz-cy A-e≥

"F-s¥, D-d-ßm-\p-t±-i-an-t√?'

F-∑I - s- \ Im-∏m-Øp-t¶m...

\m-em-a-Xpw _m-Xv-dq-an¬ t]mbn h-∂t- ∏m-gm-Wv A-ev] - w A-temk-cw tXm-∂n-b ap-J-`m-h-tØm-sS dqw-ta-‰v- Cu tNm-Zyw tNm-Zn-®-Xv. "sP-∂n, B¿-°m-bn-cp-s∂-Sm Bw-_p-e≥-kn-\p Im-iv ]n-cn-®X - v?' \m-ep Zn-h-kw ap≥-]v 7.30 am.

F-´v In-S-°-bp-≈ sF.kn.bphn¬C-S-Xp-h-isØ c-≠p s_-Un-se tcm-Kn-I-fp-sS lm≥-Uv Hmh¿ hm-ßm≥ \n¬-°-bm-Wv. Hm-h¿ X-cp-∂ ta-cn kn-Ã-dn-s‚ A-S-™ sXm-≠-bn¬ \n-∂p-≈ ]-cp]-cp-Ø i-–w. "sP-∂n, C-Xv No-c≥. ]-\n-bm-bn-´v A-Uv-an-‰v- sNbv-Xv c-≠m-gv-N-bm-bn. sN-Ãv C≥-s^-Iv-j\p-≠v. sh‚n-te-‰¿ F-t∏m th-tW-epw th-≠n h-cpw. \mev t\-cw t^m-kv-t^m-ssa-kn≥ ]-d-™n-´p-≠v. hmßm≥ C-h¿-°v Im-in-√. tem-°¬ ]¿-s®-kv h-gn C-{X \m-fpw H-∏n-®p. C-\n \m-f-tØ-°v a-cp-∂n-√.'

C-cp-≠ ap-J-ap-≈, I-dp-Ø Np-cp-f≥ ap-Sn-bp-≈ H-cp C-cp-]-Ø-©p h-b-kp-Im-c≥ ap-∂n¬ ...

c-≠p Zn-h-kw ap≥-]v 9 am "kn-ÿ-Pn, Cu No-c-s‚ _-‘p-°-fp-s≠-¶nH-∂v hn-fn-°p-tam? Cu sa-Un-kn≥ C-hn-sS K-hs◊‚ v k-ssπ C-√. A-√m-sX hm-ßm≥ a-‰p ^≠p-I-sfm-s° Xo¿-∂p. C-t{Xw ]-d-b-Ww. ]n-s∂ sh‚n-te-‰-dn-s‚ k-Ω-X-]-{Xw hm-ß-Ww. B AΩ-®n-bp-sS hn-c-e-S-bm-f-sa-Sp-°m≥ Ãm-ºv- ]m-Sv Iq-

40

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

Sn F-Sp-°-tW-.' sh-≈ I-S-em-kn¬ ap-´-bp-sS B-Ir-Xn-bn¬ H-cp \o-e-h-´w. "kn-ÿ, H-∂p-ta ]p-cn-b-√. F-∏-Sn-bm-h-Xv F≥ aI-s\ Im-∏m-Øp-t¶m.' sh-‰-°-d ]n-Sn-® ]-√p-Iƒ. Ip-gn-™ I-Æp-Iƒ.

C-∂s - e 9 am Sp 02 (Hm-Iv-kn-P-s‚ A-f-hv): 88%- 9 am 82%- 9.30 am 80% -9.45 am "l-tem k¿, Rm≥ ]n-Pn-bm-Wv Cu No-cp-hn-s\ sh‚n-te-‰d - n-te-°v am-‰t- ´-sb-∂v I¨-t^w sN-øm≥ hn-fn-®-Xm-Wv- Hm-t° k¿.. Hm-t°.. Hm-s°.'sh-{]m-fw ]n-Sn-®p-≈ t^m¨Imƒ I-≠p No-cphn-\p ]-°¬ Syq-_n-Sm≥ th-≠-sXm-s° \n-c-Øn h®p. H-cp N-Xp-c-Ø-e-b≥ Ip-≈-s\ t]m-se-bp-≈ sh‚n-te-‰d - n-s\ h-en-®p \n-c° - n A-hs - ‚ ]-°¬ sIm-

≠p h-®p. sh-≈-Øn¬ ho-W-h-s\ t]m-se s\-©n-\p-≈n¬ \n-∂pw I^-Øn-s‚ Ip-dp-I-ep-Xn¿-Øv A-h≥ ]n-S-°-bm-Wv. ]-s£ t^m¨ Imƒ A-h-km-\n-®-Xpw B ap-dn-°p-≈n-se ]-eXn-\pw ÿm-\-N-e-\w kw-`-hn°m≥ t]m-I-bm-sW-∂v sh-fn-hm-°n ]n-Pn ]-Xn-™ i-–-Øn¬ ]-d-™p: "]-t£ kn-ÿ-Pn, th-sd H-cp t]jy‚ v h-cp-∂p-≠v. sh‚n-te-‰¿ Ahn-tS-°v sd-Un-bm-°n-s°m≈p....' sP-∂n sR-´-tem-sS No-cp-hn-s\ t\m-°n. A-h≥ Ip-s™m-cp Hm-Ivk - nP≥ am-kv-In-\p-≈n¬ In-S-∂p ao≥]n-S-®n¬ Xp-S¿-∂p. A-h-s‚ hn-c-epI-fpw Np-≠pw ho-≠pw ho-≠pw \oen-®p. `o-Xn-bp-sS \o-e-\n-dw A-h-s‚ I-dp-∏n-t\m-Sv A-{X-ta¬ ]-cn-Nn-X-sat∂m-Ww I-e¿-∂p. sP-∂n c-£m-b-{¥-ß-sfm-s° a-s‰m-cp s_ Uv-Un\cnIn¬ \n-c-Øn. sh‚n-te-‰¿ H-cp A-¤p-X_m-e-s\ t]m-se D-cp-≠v ]p-Xn-b-Xm-bn F-Øn-°s∏-´ sh-fp-Øp X-Sn-® a-\p-jy-\-cn-In-te-°v \-S-∂p.

A-Xn-s‚ Xp-ºn-ss° i-‡n-bn¬ A-bm-fp-sS s\©n-te-°v Im-‰q-Xn I-b-‰n. A-bm-fp-sS s\-©v Xm-fØn¬ D-b¿-∂p s]m-ßn.

C-∂s - e 11 am "A-bmƒ Hm-t°-bm-Wv km¿,- H-s° sk-‰n-em-bn. kq-{]-≠v hn-fn-®n-cp-∂p. Uo-s‰-bn¬-kv ]-d™ p sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. Hm-^o-kn¬ \n-∂pw hn-fn-®n-cp-∂p-. HmsI...' ]n-Pn H-∂v B-izm-k-tØm-sS I-tk-c-bn¬ \n-h¿-

∂p. A-s∏m ho-≠pw Imƒ. a-dp-X-e-°¬ _m-°n h-® H-∂n-s\ ]-‰n: "F-tSm, B No-cp-hn-s‚ _-‘p-°-tfm-Sv H-∂v FIv-kv-ssπ≥ sN-bv-tX-°-tW...-Un¬ en-Ãn¬ (Kp-cpX-c-am-bn tcm-Kw _m-[n-®-h-cp-sS en-Ãv ) tN¿-tØ°-Ww. Nn-et- ∏mƒ tI-dn h-cp-am-bn-cp-t∂-s\. \-Ωƒ F-¥v sN-øm≥?- -B-sI aq-∂p sh‚n-te-‰-dpw ap-∏Øn-\m-bn-cw t^m¨-tIm-fpw.' tIm-f-h-km-\n-®-Xpw ]n.Pn Nm-Sn F-gp-t∂-‰p. "kn-ÿ, No-cp-hn-s\ Un¬ en-Ãn-en-´v ]m-en-tb‰o-hv dq-an¬ h-t√mw jn-^‰ v- ,v- thw th-Ww. sF.kn.bp s_-Uv I-f-bm-\n-√.' sP-∂n H-cn-°¬ Iq-Sn B \o-≠p sa-en-™, Npcp-≠ ap-Sn-I-fp-≈ sN-dp-∏-°m-c-s\ t\m-°n. h-ensbm-cp sIm-°-bp-sS hn-fp-ºn¬ \n-∂v ap-I-fn-te-°pb-cp-∂ I-dp-Øn-cp-≠v \o-en-® H-cp ssI. C-∂v 7.30 am "l-tem, kn-ÿ-Pn No-cp-hn-s\-ß-s\-bp-≠v?' sF-kn-bp-hn¬ \n-∂pw ]m-en-tb-‰o-hn-te-°v H-cp t^m¨ Imƒ. sh-dpw Pn-⁄m-k am-{Xw _m-°nbm-b A-t\z-j-Ww. "sP-∂n, cm-hn-se h-sc B sN-°≥ h-en-®p hen-®p In-S-∂p. C-s∏m tZ t_m-Un sIm-≠v t]mIm≥ Bw-_p-e≥-kn-\p Im-in-√m-sX I-c-®n-em-Wm A-Ω-®n-...'

H-∂v I-Æ-S-®m¬ Im-Wmw h-c-≠ Ip-f-Øn¬ {]mW-\v th-≠n ]n-S-bp-∂ H-cp I-cn-ao≥. ]-Xn-sb-∏-Xnsb \o-en-®p h-cp-∂ Np-≠p-Iƒ. B-Im-iw t\m-°n izm-k-Øn-\m-bn h-en-®p-h-en-®p hn-S¿-∂p \n-›-e-amIp-∂ Np-≠p-Iƒ. Syq-_p-Iƒ A-gn-®p-am-‰n ]-d-™p hn-´ Ip-‰-t_m-[-Øn¬ H-cp Im-iv ]n-cn-hv. sP-∂n-°v izm-kw ap-´p-∂ t]m-se tXm-∂n. In-S°-bn¬ \n-s∂-gp-t∂-‰v P-\m-e Xp-d-∂n-´v ]p-d-tØ°v t\m-°p-tºmƒ i-‡n-bn¬ Im-‰-Sn-°-bm-Wv. ]e-Xn-s\-bpw tdm-Uc - n-In-te-s°m-Xp-°n B-™S- n-°p∂ io-X-°m-‰v: F-∑-I-s\ Im-∏m-Øp-t¶m, kn-Ãtd...

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

41

J-Zo-Pm apw-Xm-kv

kv -s]-jy-sse-tk-j-\pw km-t¶-Xn-I-X-°pw G-sd {]m-[m\yw sIm-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p-≈ tcm-K Nn-In-’m-co-Xn-b√ - , a-\p-jy-s‚ imco-cn-I, am-\-kn-I, km-aq-ln-I, ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I B-tcm-Ky-Øn-eq-∂p-∂ {]-Xn-tcm-[w X-s∂-bm-Wv I-c-Wobw F-∂ A-ht- _m-[w ]m-›m-Xy Nn-In-’I - ¿-°n-Sb - n¬-Øs - ∂ C-∂v th-cp-d® - p h-∂p sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

Ip- S pw- _ tUm- Œ ¿ kw- h n- [ m- \ sØ Xn-cn-sI sIm-≠p-h-tc-≠-Xns‚ B-hi - y-IX - , s{s]-ad - n-Xe - w apX¬ Ip-™p-߃-°p \¬-In-ØpS-tß-≠ B-tcm-Ky-]mT-ß-fpw `£-W io-e-ß-fpw, Ir-jn io-eam-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ {]m-[m-\yw Xp-Sßn tUm-Œ¿ i-in-[-c≥ Ign™ e°w ]mTt`ZØn¬ D-b¿-Øp-∂ B-i-b-ß-tfm-sSm-s° tbm-Pn-∏p X-s∂.

H-∏w, Nn-e Im-cy-ß-fn¬ Ip-d®p Iq-Sn hr-‡-X th-W-sa-∂p tXm-∂p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu Ip-dn-∏v.

H-∂mw tIm-hn-Uv X-cw-Kw tUmŒ-dp-sS B-Zy-Im-e \n-co-£-W߃ t]m-se, \n-b-{¥-W-hpw `oXn-bpw A-{X th-W-am-bn-cp-t∂m F-∂p tXm-∂n-∏n-°pw hn-[w C-¥ysb h-en-b tXm-Xn¬ ]-cn-t°¬∏n-°m-sX C-Xp h-sc \n-e-\n-∂p.

C-‰-en-bn-epw {_-ko-en-epw A-ctß-dn-b `o-Xn-X cw-K-߃ \-ap-°v Zq-c-°m-gv-N-Iƒ am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. tIm-hn-Uv G¬-∏n-® km-aq-ln-ImLm-Xß - s - f-∏‰ - n \mw Iq-Sp-X¬ hmNm-e-cm-bn. A-Xv G-sd bp-‡-hpam-bn-cp-∂p Xm-\pw. ]-t£, C¥y≥ h-I-t`-Zw Iq-Sn Dƒ-s∏-´ c-

42

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

]-t£, a-s‰-√m ssh-Zy-im-J-I-fpw A-{]-k-‡-am-tbm? ≠mw X-cw-Kw H-cn-°-epw a-d-°m\m-hm-Ø A-\-`-h-ß-fm-bn C-t∏mgpw \-ap-°n-S-bn-ep-≠v.Xn-I-®pw as‰m-cp ]p-Xn-b ssh-d¬ tcm-K-ambn I-cp-Xm-hp-∂ hn-[w hy-Xy-kvX-a-t√ Cu c-≠m-a≥? B-Zy-L-´Øn-se I-Ws - °-Sp-∏n-se A-]c - ym]v-X-X-sb-∂p hm-Zn-®m-epw, C-∂v {]m-W-hm-bp-hn-\m-bn Hm-Sn-°n-X-bv°p-∂ X-e-ÿm-\ \-K-cn-bn-se a\p-jy-cpw Kw-K-bn-eq-sS H-gp-In-sbØp-∂ B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v ar-X-tZl-ß-fpw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ-°p t\-sc Xn-I-®pw {Km-ao-W-cm-b-h-cpsS tcm-j-{]-I-S-\-ß-fpw c-≠mw X-cw-Kw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-sW-∂p Xs∂ hn-fn-t®m-Xp-∂p. km-aq-ly-hym]-\w B-bn-°g - n-™ ÿn-Xn-°v C\n tem-Iv Uu¨ A-\m-h-iy-sa∂v Cu A-\y-kw-ÿm-\° - m-gvN - I - fp-sS-sb-¶n-epw sh-fn-®-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂s - X-ßs - \? am-kvI - v D-]t- bmKn-°p-∂-Xv hy-‡n-bp-sS kzm-X{¥y-am-IW - s - a-∂pw? Iq-Sp-X¬ sNdp-∏° - m¿ a-cn-°p-∂X - pw Xo-{h izmk-tIm-i {]-iv\ - ß - f - m-bn s]-s´-∂v tcm-K-_m-[ cq-]w am-dp-∂-Xpw tcmK-kw-{I-aW - th-Kw Iq-Sn-bX - p-sIm≠p am-{X-am-IW - s - a-∂n-√, a-dn-®v P\n-XI - hy-Xn-bm-\w sIm-≠p-≈ thj-∏-I¿-® Iq-Sn-bm-Imw. Hm-tcm {]-tXy-I ssh-d¬ tcmK-sØ-bpw A-Xn-s‚ s]-cp-am-‰ coXn-Iƒ k-kq-£v-aw ho-£n-®pw ssh-tdm-f-Pn ]T-\-ß-sf A-h-ew_n-®pw X-s∂ ap-t∂m-´p t]m-tI≠n h-cpw F-∂-X-t√ hm-kv-X-hw? c-≠pw H-cp t]m-se {]m-[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂-h-bp-am-Wv. e-t_m-d-´-dn ap-∂-dn-bn-∏p-I-sf A-h-K-Wn-®-Xn-

s‚ ^-e-am-W-t√m C-∂p C-¥y A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xpw. ssh-tdm-f-Pn ]T-\ \n-K-a-\-߃ F-t∏m-gpw IrXy-am-bn-s°m-≈-W-sa-∂n-√ F-∂Xpw k-Xyw. kv] - m-\n-jv ^¬ t]mse am-cI - {]-lc - t- a¬-∏n-°m-sa-∂p `-b-∂ 2009se Swine Flue(H1N1) A-{X-sbm-∂pw {]-iv-\-ap-≠m-°msX A- S - ß n- b - X v \mw I- ≠ p.

Covid- 19 \v ap≥-Km-an-bm-b SARS Virus Dw 90% a-c-W-km-[y-X-bp≈ Ebola bpw B-tKm-fX - e - Ø - n]-S-cm-sX H-Xp-ßn-b-Xpw A-\p-`hw.kv-]m-\n-jv ^¬ ]-S¿-∂ Ime-Øv A-Xv hy-Xy-kv-X k-aq-l-ßsf hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn _m-[n-®-Xpw {i-≤-b¿-ln-°p-∂p. \yq-kn-em‚ v, ^n-Pn t]m-ep-≈ Zzo-]p-cm-Py-ß-fnse B-Zn-a-\n-hm-kn-I-sf A-Xv IqSp-X¬ am-c-I-am-bn {]-l-cn-®p F∂p \m-a-dn-bp-∂p. a-\p-jy-s‚ C-ayq¨ kn-Ãw A¤p-X-I-c-hpw ssh-hn-[y-am¿-∂-Xpam-W-t√m. Xo¿-®-bm-bpw k-ao-IrX B-lm-c-hpw Po-hn-X ssi-enbn-se t]m-kn-‰o-hv co-Xn-I-fpw Cayq¨ kn-Ãs - Ø i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p-≠.v H-∏w P-∑k - n-≤a - m-bX - pw, hy‡n-Xe - Ø - n¬ am-{X-a√ - , k-¶o¿-Wam-b Im-c-W-ß-fm¬ k-aq-l-X-eØn-epw B¿-÷n-Xa - m-bn-°m-Wp-∂ tcm-K {]-Xn-tcm-[-ti-jn-bpw {]-[m\-at- √? A-Xv G-sX-¶n-ep-sam-cp {]tXy-I tcm-KØ - n-s‚ km-aq-ly-hym]-\w sIm-t≠m hm-Iv-kn≥ sImt≠m am-{Xw D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-a-√. Hcp ]-t£, ssh-d¬ Ip-Spw-_-Ønse a-‰p ]-e tcm-K-ß-fp-am-bn apºv A-`n-ap-Jo-I-c-Ww D-≠m-b-Xp sIm-≠p-am-bn-°q-tS? B¿-´n-Iv-Zzo-

]p-I-fn-se am-thm-dn-Iƒ-°v kv-]m\n-jv ^¬ am-c-I-am-b-Xpw, Zm-cn{Zy-hpw km-aq-ly ]n-t∂m-°m-hÿ - bpw A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂ C-¥y≥ kaq-lw tIm-hn-Uv 19 s‚ {]-Y-a _m[-bn¬ h-ep-Xm-bn D-e-bm-sX \n∂-Xpw A-Xp-sIm-≠m-hmw. ]p-Xnb c-≠mw X-cw-K-Øn¬ A-Sn ]-Xdn-t∏m-b-Xpw C-tX C-ayq-Wn-‰n _‘n-X Im-c-W-߃ sIm-≠p Xs∂. C-{]m-hi - yw A-Xn-Ku-ch - w Xncn-®-dn-™-Xn-\m-em-I-Ww, P-\-ßfp-sS k-l-I-c-Ww {]-Xn-tcm-[ {]h¿-Ø\ - ß - ƒ-°v \-∂m-bn D-≠m-Ip∂p-≠v F-∂-Xpw {i-≤n-°p-I. (kao-Ir-X)B-lm-cw sIm-Sp-°m-sX \n-b-{¥-W-߃ sIm-s≠-¥v A¿∞w F-∂-Xv A-Sn-b-¥n-c `-£-W°n-‰p hn-X-c-W-Øn-eq-sS-bpw k-aql A-Sp-°-f-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw tI-c-fsa-¶n-epw Zp-cn-X-Im-e-Øv a-dn-I-S°p-∂p-ap-≠t- √m. Xo¿-®b - m-bpw AsXm-cp Xm¬-°m-en-I kw-hn-[m-\w am-{X-am-Wv. Zo¿-LI - m-e B-tcm-Ky, km-º-Øn-I, km-aq-ln-I Xn-cp-Øep-Iƒ ]n-∂m-se h-tc-≠-h-bp-amWv. a-\p-jy-Xz-am-Wv H-cp k-aq-lØn-s‚ B-tcm-Ky-Øn-s‚ A-Snÿm-\w F-∂ tUm-Œ-dp-sS B-ib-sØ Zr-Vo-Ic - n-°pw hn-[w \-ΩpsS bp-hm-°ƒ ]p-Xn-b tk-h-\ ta-Je - I - ƒ Cu Zp-cn-XI - m-eØ - n-eqsS a-\- n-em-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂p F∂-Xpw G-sd k-t¥m-jI - c - a - m-b hkv-Xp-X X-s∂. tam-tU¨ sa-Un-kn≥ A-Xn\p ap-ºp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ F-√m ]m-cº-cy Nn-In-’m k-{º-Zm-bß - f - p-sSbpw \-∑-I-sf kzmw-io-I-cn-®p-≠mb-Xm-Wv F-∂ {]-kX -v m-hs - Ø ]q¿W-am-bn Dƒ-s°m-≈m-\m-hp-∂n-√.

Homeostasis (tIm-i-ß-fp-sS {]h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-sS k-a-Xp-e-\w Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°¬) F-∂ s]m-Xp-X-XzØn-eq-∂n-bh - b - m-Wv tam-tU¨ saUn-kn≥ t]m-se-Ø-s∂ ]m-c-ºcy ssh-Zy-ßf - n-te-sd-bpw F-∂X - n\m¬ A-h H-cp Xp-S¿-®-bm-Wv F∂p ]-db - p-∂X - n¬ kmw-KX - y-ap-≠v.

F-¶n-epw B-bp¿-th-Zw, bp-\m-\n, kn-≤ Xp-S-ßn-b {K-Ÿm-[n-jvTn-X ]m-c-º-cy ssh-Zy-ß-fn-se A-dn-hpIƒ `m-j-I-fp-sS-bpw, Im-e-_-≤am-b Nn-e-t∏m-sgm-s° A-_-≤߃ X-s∂-bm-b hym-Jym-\-ß-fpsS-bpw a-X hn-izm-kß - f - n-e[ - n-jvTnX-am-b a-{¥-ßf - p-sS-bpw sI-´p-Iƒ s]m-´n-®v H-cp {]-tXy-I N-cn-{X L-´-Øn¬ ]q¿-W-am-bn kzmw-ioI-cn-°m-\m-hp-I F-∂-Xv {]m-tbmKn-Ia - √ - . A-ßs - \ kw-`h - n-®n-√ F∂-Xp-sIm-≠p am-{Xw A-h A-h-

K-Wn-°s - ∏-tS-≠h - b - p-a√ - . a-[y-Ime-L-´-Øn¬ A-Ø-c-sam-cp sshZy-⁄m-\ t{Im-Uo-I-c-W-hpw \ho-I-c-W-hpw (b-h-\, tdm-a≥, Ad-_n-Iv, t]¿-jy≥ Nn-In¬-km coXn-I-fp-sS) C-…m-an-I tem-I-Øv ^-e{- ]-Za - m-bn \-S∂ - n-´p-≠pv. A-t∏mgpw C-¥y≥ Nn-In-’m co-Xn-Iƒ, B-bp¿-th-Z, kn-≤ ap-X-em-b-h {]m-tb-W A-Xn-\p ]p-d-Øm-bn-cp∂p. C-h Iq-Sm-sX, en-Jn-X-a-√mØ a-cp-∂-dn-hp-Iƒ B-Zn-hm-kn ssh-Zy¿-°n-S-bn-epw Io-gm-f ]m-cº-cy-Øn-epw, {]-Ir-Xn-Nn-In-’ F∂ \n-e-bn-epw H-s° Nn-X-dn-°n-S∏p-≠v. ssN-\o-kv ssh-Zyw B cmPy-Øv C-t∏m-gpw k-Po-h-am-bn-Øs∂-bp-≠v. tIm-hn-Uv Nn-In-’-bnepƒ-s∏-sS A-h-c-Xv D-]-tbm-K-s∏Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v F-∂m-W-dn-hv. tamtU¨ sa-Un-kn≥ h-∂-Xn-\ma-‰p-≈-h-sb-√mw A-{]-k-‡-am-bn F-∂p ]-db - p-∂X - v a-\p-jy-cm-in-°p]-tbm-Ks - ∏-tS-≠, C-\n-bpw I-s≠Øn D-]-bp-‡-am-t°-≠ A-dn-hpI-sf \-„-s∏-Sp-Ø-em-Wv. A-Xv B-[p-\n-I ssh-Zy-⁄m-\ ta-J-ebp-sS Iq-Sn \-„-a-t√? Nn-In-’m kn-≤m-¥-Øn-ep-≈ ssh-cp-[yw aqew H-cp ssh-Zy-im-Jb - m-bn-t∏m-epw Aw-Ko-Ic - n-°m≥ tam-tU¨ sa-Unkn≥ h-‡m-°ƒ X-øm-dm-hm-Ø tlm- a n- t bm- ∏ - X n- s b a- \ - n- e m°m≥ B-flm¿-∞-am-bn {i-an-°p∂ H-cm-fp-sS ap-∂n¬ A-Xn-\p-ap≠v {K-Ÿ-ß-fpw ]T-\-ß-fp-ta-sd. ]m- › m- X y cm- P y- ß - f n¬ C- ∂ v tlm-an-tbm-∏-Xn Iq-Sn ]Tn-®v X-ßfp-sS Nn-In-’m ssh-`-hw hn-I-kn∏n-°p-∂ tam-tU¨ sa-Un-kn≥ tUm-Œ¿-am-cp-ap-≠-t√m. \-Ωp-sS ssh-Zy-cw-K-sØ h-enb ssh-cp-[yw k-am-¥-c _-Zssh-Zy-im-JI - ƒ A-`y-kn-∏n-°p-∂ hn-Zym-`ym-k ÿm-]-\-߃ k¿°m¿ I¿-Xr-Xz-Øn¬-X-s∂ \-SØ-s∏-Sp-I-bpw, tam-tU¨ sa-Unkn≥ cw-K-tØ-°p-≈ A-tX s]mXp-]c - o-£b - n-eq-sS hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-øptºm-gpw A-h¿ c-≠mw In-S tUmŒ¿-am-tcm hym-P ssh-Zy-∑m-tcm B-bn tam-tU¨ sa-Un-kn≥ h‡m-°-fm¬ A-h-tl-fn-°-s∏-Sp∂p F-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu co-Xn ]m-cº-cy ssh-Zy-im-JI - f - n-se \-∑I - ƒ b-Ym¿-∞ co-Xn-bn¬ J-\-\w sNø-s∏-Sm-t\m D-]-bp-‡-am-°m-t\m k-lm-bn-°b - n-√ X-s∂. `m-jm kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-°v aq-∂p h¿-jw apºv tI-cf - km-ln-Xy A-°m-Za - n Ahm¿-Up t\-Sn-b B-bp¿-th-Z tUm-

Œ¿ ]n.F.A-_q-_-°¿ X-s‚ ]pd-Øn-d-ßm-\n-cn-°p-∂ Ir-Xn-bnkq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂ t]m-se k-am-¥-c, _-Z¬ ssh-Zy-im-JI - f - n-se ]T-\w Fw._n._n. F-kn-\p ti-j-ap-≈ D-]c - n-]T-\ hn-`m-Kß - f - m-bn ]-cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv H-cp \-√ ]-cn-lm-cam¿-K-am-Imw. k¿-P-dn-bn-tem ssK\-t°m-f-Pn-bn-tem, C-t∏mƒ tUmŒ¿ i-in-[-c≥ Np-a-X-e h-ln-°p∂ D-]-cn-]T-\ hn-`m-K-am-b ^m-anen sa-Un-kn-tem D-]-cn-]T-\w \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xp t]m-se H-cp t]mÃv {Km-Up-th-j≥ tIm-gk v- m-bn Ah h-c-s´. Fw._n._n.F-kv a-s‰√m-h-sc-bpw t]m-se A-Sn-ÿm-\ hn-j-b-am-bn ]Tn-® A-h¿-°v Bfl hn-izm-k-tØm-sS A-Xm-Xp hnj-bß - s - f B-gØ - n¬ ]Tn-°m-\pw K-th-j-Ww \-S-Øm-\pw Cu coXn k-lm-bn-°pw.

H-cp Ip-Spw-_ tUm-Œ¿, ]m-c-ºcy Nn-In-’m-co-Xn-I-fp-sS \-∑-Iƒ Iq-Sn kzm-b-Ø-am-°n-b Bƒ BI-W-sa-∂ kq-N-\ tUm.i-in-[-c\pw X-cp-∂p-≠-t√m. ]m-c-º-cy NnIn-’m im-k{-v X-Øn¬ D-]c - n-]T-\w \-SØ - n-b Bƒ F-∂ A-[n-I tbmKy-X Iq-Sp-X¬ am-\-hn-I Im-gv-N∏m-Sp-≈, {]-Ir-Xn t_m-[-ap-≈ tUm-Œd - m-hm≥ K-th-jW - Ø - n-semXp-ßm-sX Nn-In-’-sb s{]m-^j≥ B-°m≥ Xm¬-∏-cy-s∏-Sp-∂ {S-Uo-j-W¬, Bƒ-´¿-t\-‰o-hv _ncp-Zm-\-¥-c _n-cp-Z-[m-cn-sb k-lmbn-°n-t√?

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

43

tIm-

Nn-In-’-bn-epw th-Ww ]-c-kv-]-c _-lp-am-\wk-\n¬Ip-am¿ Fw.Fw.

Ign-™ e-°-Øn¬ ]mT-t`-Zw B-tcm-Ky cwK-sØ h¿-Ø-am-\ A-h-ÿ-sb Ip-dn-®p tUm: ]n.sI i-in-[-c-\p-am-bn \-S-Øn-b A-`n-ap-Jw {it≤-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-`n-ap-J-Øn¬ tUm: i-in-[c≥ ]-¶p-sh-® \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ H-s∂m-gn-sI as‰-√m A-`n-{]m-b-tØm-Spw tbm-Pn-∏v ]p-e¿-Øs´. F-∂m¬ A-t±-lw X-t±-io-b ssh-Zy imJ-bm-b B-bp¿-th-Z-sØ Ip-dn-®v \-S-Øn-b ]cm-a¿-i-tØm-Sv hn-tbm-Pn-∏v tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øm-sX X-c-an-√. B-bq¿-th-Z-a-S-°-ap-≈-h-sb kmw-io-Icn-®p sIm-≠m-Wv B-[p-\n-I ssh-Zyw \-Ωp-sS \m-´n¬ hn-I-kn-®p h-∂n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂m-Wv At±-lw \o-co-£n-°p-∂-Xv. h-f-sc Ku-c-h-ap-≈ H-cp hn-j-bw H-gp-°≥ a-´n-ep-≈ H-cp {]-Xn-I-cW-Øn-eq-sS e-fn-X-h-ev-°-cn-°p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS tUm.i-in-[-c≥. \-Ωp-sS B-tcm-Ky cw-K-sØ {]-Xn-Iq-em-hÿ-bv-°v H-scm-‰ D-Ø-cw F-∂ B-tcm-Ky \-bw F-{X-am-{Xw i-cn-bm-Ipw ? hy-Xy-kv-X ssh-Zyim-JI - f - n-ep-≈h - ¿ ]-ck - ] v- c - w \n-cm-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n\v ]-I-cw \n-tXy-\ `o-Xn-bn¬ \n-∂v `o-Xn-bnte-°v F-Sp-sØ-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ a-\p-jy¿-°v Bizm-kw \-ev-Im-\m-bn ]-c-kv-]-cw a-\- n-em-°m\pw ]Tn-°m-\pw B-Wv C-t∏mƒ X-øm-dm-tI-≠Xv. tIm-hn-Un-s‚ Im-e-Øpw Cu hn-th-Iw _‘s∏-´-h-cn¬ D-≠m-bn-s√-¶n¬ ]n-s∂-sbt∏mƒ ?

B-tcm-Ky cw-KØ - v ]-I¿-®h - ym-[n-If - pw ]-I¿t®-X-c tcm-K-ß-fpw H-tc t]m-se `o-j-Wn-bmbn sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ km-l-N-cy-am-Wv C-∂v \ne-\n-ev-°p-∂-Xv. tcm-Km-Wp(agent) tcm-K-_m-[ G-ev-°p-∂ i-co-cw (Host) tcm-K-_m-[-bv-°v Imc-Wam-Ip-∂ ]-cn-X-ÿn-Xn (environment) Cu aq-∂p L-S-I-ß-fm-Wv ]-I¿-®-hym-[n tcm-K-ßfn-se {]-[m-\ L-S-I-߃. F-∂m¬ Po-hn-Xssi-eo tcm-K-߃ F-∂ hn-fn-t∏-cn¬ A-dn-bs∏-Sp-∂ ]-I¿-t®X-c hym-[n-I-fn¬ A-\m-tcmKy-I-c-am-b B-lm-c-io-e-߃, hym-bm-a°p-d-hp≈ Po-hn-X km-l-N-cy-߃, am-\-kn-Im-tcm-Ky°p-d-hv Xp-S-ßn-b \n-c-h-[n Im-c-W-߃ {]-[m\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu tcm-Kkm-l-N-cy-߃ ]c-kv-]-cw tcm-Km-h-ÿ-sb aq¿-—n-∏n-°p-∂p F∂-Xm-Wv h¿-Ø-am-\Im-e B-tcm-Ky cw-Kw t\cn-Sp-∂ {]-[m-\ sh-√p-hn-fn.

44

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

hn-Uv 19 tem-I-hym-]-I-am-bn kr-„n-®ncn-°p-∂ \m-\m-hn-[ {]-Xn-k-‘n-I-sf-°p-dn-®v Hm¨sse≥ sl¬-Øv A-kw-ªn B-i-¶ {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p. tem-I-sØ-hn-sS-bpw Cu {]-Xn-k-‘n-I-fp-sS Xn‡-^-ew G-‰-hpw cq-£-am-bn _m-[n-°p-I Zp¿-∫-e P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-sf-bm-Wv. \-Ωp-sS cm-Py-Øpw B \ne-°v X-s∂-bm-Wv km-l-N-cy-߃. tIm-hn-Uv a-lmam-cn-sb t\-cn-Sp-∂-Xn-epw P-\-ß-fn¬ A-Xn-s‚ kmaq-ly- km-º-Øn-I- B-tcm-Ky B-Lm-X-߃ e-LqI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-epw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ C-Xp-h-sc th≠-{X hn-P-bn-®n-´n-√. k-ao-] Zn-h-k-ß-fn-se tcm-Ks∏-cp-∏Ø - n-s‚ I-W° - p-If - pw Hm-Ivk - n-P≥ £m-aa - pƒs∏-sS Nn-In-’m kw-hn-[m-\ß - f - p-sS A-]c - ym-]X v- kw_-‘n-® dn-t∏m¿-´p-I-fpw \¬-Ip-∂ kq-N-\ hy-‡am-Wv. F-∂m¬ C-Xv Ip-‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fp-sS-bpw ]gn-Nm-c-ep-I-fp-sS-bpw k-a-b-a-√.

Cu ]-co-£-W-L-´w X-c-Ww sN-øp-∂-Xn-\v tI{μ-kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ \-S-Øp-∂ {i-a-ß-fn{]m-tZ-in-I-X-ew ap-X¬ ]-¶m-fn-I-fm-bpw bp-‡n-kl-hpw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-hp-am-b \n¿-t±-i-߃ ap-t∂m-´ph-®p sIm-≠pw k-l-I-cn-°m≥ C-∂m-´n-se sN-dpXpw h-ep-Xp-am-b F-√m km-aq-ly {]-ÿm-\ß - ƒ-°pw I-S-a-bp-≠pv. B \n-e-bv-°v G-Xm-\pw \n¿-t±-i-߃ k¿-°m¿ kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fp-sS ]-cn-K-W-\-°pw s]mXp k-aq-l-Øn¬ A-`n-{]m-b cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-\p-am-bn ap-t∂m-´p h-bv-°p-∂p.

1. Cu a-lm-am-cn-sb t\-cn-Sm≥ F-√m Aw-Ko-IrX Nn-In-’m k-{º-Zm-b-ß-sf-bpw A-\p-h-Zn-®v D-Øc-hp-≠m-IW - w. im-kv{- Xo-b ]T-\ß - f - pw hn-eb - n-cp-Øep-I-fpw t]m-seØ-s∂ hn-hn-[ Nn-In-’m k-{º-Zmb-ß-fp-sS Zo¿-L-\m-f-sØ A-\p-`-h-ß-fpw Cu {]Xn-k-‘n L-´-sØ X-c-Ww sN-øp-∂-Xn¬ {]-tbm-P\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. 2. tIm-hn-Uv {]-Xn-tcm-[-Øn-\pw Nn-In-’-°pw GXp k-{º-Zm-bw kzo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂ Im-cy-Øn¬ tcmKn-Iƒ-°p-≈ A-h-Im-iw kw-c-£n-°-s∏-S-Ww. tcmK-∏-I¿-®-°p-≈ km-l-N-cy-߃ H-gn-hm-°m-\p-≈ \nb-{¥-Wß - ƒ B-Im-sa-¶n-epw H-cp Nn-In-’m-co-Xn-bpw P-\-ß-fp-sS ta¬ A-Sn-t®¬-∏n-°-cp-Xv. 3. P-\-ß-fp-sS kz-`m-hn-I tcm-K {]-Xn-tcm-[-tijn h¿-≤n-∏n-°m-\p-X-Ip-∂ Po-hn-X-ssi-en t{]m-’mln-∏n-°p-∂ B-tcm-Ky \-bw cm-Py-Øp-≠m-th-≠-Xnte-°v hn-c¬ Nq-≠p-∂-Xm-Wv Cu A-km-[m-c-W Ime-L-´w. A-Xn-s‚ Xp-S-°w F-∂ \n-e-bn¬ Cu tcmK-∏I - ¿-®s - b t\-cn-Sm≥ k-lm-bI - a - m-b `-£W - ssien-sb-°p-dn-®v P-\-߃-°v A-Sn-b-¥n-c-am-bn A-ht_m-[w \¬-I-Ww 4. tIm-hn-Uv ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ G¿-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ \n-b{- ¥-Wß - f - p-sS ^-ea - m-bn ssZ-\w-Zn-\ Po-hn-XØ - n\v h-I I-s≠-Øm-\m-hm-Ø B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v IpSpw-_-߃ \m-´n-ep-≠v. sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpw sN-dp-In-S hym-]m-cn-I-fp-apƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ Cu Zp-cn-X P-\-hn-`mK-߃-°v A-Sn-b-¥n-c km-º-Øn-I k-lm-bw \¬I-Ww. F-√m-h¿-°pw am-k-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ ku-P-\y `-£-W In-‰v \¬-Ip-I-b-√, h-cp-am-\w ap-´n-b Ip-Spw_-ß-fp-sS {]m-Y-an-I `-£ym-h-iy-߃-°v kw-hn-[m\-sam-cp-°p-I-bm-Wv th-≠-Xv. 5. tIm-hn-Uv tcm-K-\n¿-Æ-b cw-K-Øpw Nn-In-’m-

sl¬-Øv A-kw-_v-fn {]-Jym-]-\w:

a-lm-am-cn-°m-e-Øp-ap-≠v A-hI - m-iß - ƒ cw-K-Øpw h-en-b Xp-I Cu-Sm-°p-∂ kz-Im-cy NnIn-’m-e-b-ß-sf \n-b-{¥n-°m≥ k¿-°m-cpw tIm-SXn-I-fpw \-S-Øp-∂ C-S-s]-S-ep-I-sf kzm-K-Xw sNøp-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w C-°m-cy-Øn¬ \n-c-¥-c {i-≤ Bh-iy-am-Wv. 6. C-t∏mƒ I-≠p ]n-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂ tIm-hn-Uv hmIv-kn-\p-Iƒ P-\n-X-I-am-‰w h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ ssh-d-kn-s\ {]-Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ F-{X am-{Xw ^-e{]-Z-am-sW-∂v B-[p-\n-I ssh-Zy-im-kv-{X cw-K-Øp \n-∂p X-s∂ kw-i-b-߃ D-∂-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ H-cp km-l-N-cy-ap-≠v. am-{X-hp-a-√ Cu hm-Iv-kn‚ e-`y-Xbpw ]-cn-an-X-am-Wv. Cu ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ]m¿-iz^-eß - f - n-√m-ØX - pw s]m-Xp-hm-bn {]-Xn-tcm-[t- i-jn h¿-≤n-∏n-°p-∂X - p-am-b C-Xc - ssh-Zy-im-JI - f - n-se {]Xn-tcm-[ a-cp-∂p-I-fp-sS km-[y-X-Iƒ {]-tbm-P-\-s∏Sp-Ø-Ww. 7. tIm-hn-Uv ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ G¿-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ \n-b-{¥-W-ß-fp-sS a-d-hn¬ tI-{μ-kw-ÿm-\ k¿°m-cp-Iƒ A-an-Xm-[n-Im-c tI-{μ-ß-fm-h-cp-Xv. Cu

L-´-Øn¬ P-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂v {]-Xn-tj-[-ap-W-cm≥ km-[y-X-bp-≈ h≥-In-S ]-≤-Xn-I-fp-am-bn ap-t∂m-´p t]m-Ip-∂ Iu-i-ew P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-a-√. ]-Xn-\m-bnc-°-W-°n-\v tIm-Sn D-dp-∏n-I ap-X¬-ap-S-°v h-cp-∂ A-Xn-th-K sd-bn¬ t]m-se-bpw, B-Uw-_-c-]q¿-Æam-b ]m¿-e-sa‚ v k-ap-®-bw t]m-se-bp-≈ ]-≤-XnI-fp-am-bn ap-t∂m-´p t]m-Ip-∂X - v \n¿-Øn-hb - v° - W - w.

8. tIm-hn-Uv {]-Xn-tcm-[-cw-K-Øv k-a¿-∏-W-tØmsS {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂ B-tcm-Ky {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ s]mXp-hn-epw \-gv-kp-am¿ {]-tXy-In-®pw A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn°p-∂ {]-iv-\-߃ Ku-c-h-]q¿-Δw ]-cn-K-Wn-®v ]-cnlm-c-ß-fp-≠m-I-Ww.{]-tXy-In-®pw tcm-Kn - \-gv-kv A-\p-]m-X-Øn¬ h-∂ am-‰w aq-e-ap-≈ A-[n-I tPmen `m-cw, eo-hpv sh-´n-®p-cp-°¬ t]m-ep-≈ A-h-Imi \n-tj-[-߃, Xm¬-°m-en-I \-gv-kp-am¿-°v C≥jp-d≥-kv ]-cn-c-£ t]m-ep-≈ kp-c-£m ]m-t°-PpI-fn-√m-Ø-Xv, dn-kv-Iv A-e-h≥-kn¬ I-em-\p-kr-Xam-b h¿-≤-\-hv C-√m-Ø-Xv Xp-S-ßn-b {]-iv-\-߃ A-Sn-b-¥n-c ]-cn-K-W-\ A¿-ln-°p-∂p.

Nn-]v-t°m: ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-°p th-≠n-sbm-cp k-_mƒ-tS¨ {]-ÿm-\w-

A -ta-cn-°-bn-sem-cp ]p-kv-X-Iam-Wv ]-cn-ÿn-Xn {]-ÿm-\w Xp-Sßn- b - X v . td- b v - ® ¬ I- g v - k - s ‚ ssk-e‚ v kv-{]n-Mv. C-¥y-bn-em-hs´ H-cp A-Sn-ÿm-\-X-e ]n-cn-ÿnXn-I sN-dp-Øp\n-ev-t]m-sS 1973 am¿-®v 26\v. A-cp-tX, a-c-߃ Bt«-jn-®v sN-dp-Øp-\n-∂ B k_mƒ-tS¨ kv-{Xo-Iƒ. Ku-cmtZhn-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xy-Øn-ep-≈ B {Km-ao-W kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS t]-cn-e-√ B {]-ÿm-\w ]n-∂o-Sd - n-bs - ∏-´s - X¶n-epw. kp-μ¿-em¬ _-lp-Kp-Wbpw N-fin-{]-km-Zv `-´p-am-bn _‘-s∏-´v A-sXm-cp A-lnw-km-flI Km-‘n-b≥ {]-ÿm-\-am-bn Adn-b-s∏-Sm≥ Xp-S-ßn. Km-‘n-b-∑mcp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p {]-ÿm-\-Øn¬.

F-∂m-e-Xv H-cp \q-‰m-≠-¶n-epw ]-

g-°-ap-≈ {Km-ao-W sN-dp-Øp-\n-ev]n-s‚ Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Im-Spw a-e-I-fp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´v Po-hn-®ncp-∂ ln-am-e-b≥ X-t±-i-hm-knIƒ X-ßs - f bm-NI - c - m-°n-b sImtfm-Wn-b¬ h-\ \n-b-a-߃-s°Xn-sc t]m-cm-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. a-cß - f - p-s≠-¶n¬ Im-Sp-If - p-≠v, Im-Sp-I-fp-s≠-¶n¬ a-e-I-fpw, a-eI-fp-s≠-¶n¬ \m-Spw F-∂-Xm-bncp-∂p A-h-cp-sS ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw. Bh-iy-Øn-\pw B¿-Øn-°p-an-Sb - n(need & greed) H-cp _m-e≥-knßn-s\ Ip-dn-®m-tem-Nn-°m≥ B kv-{Xo sN-dp-Øp-\n-ev-]v hn-I-k-\hm-Zn-I-sf \n¿-∫-‘n-X-cm-°n. Pohn-X ]-cn-ÿn-Xn, kp-ÿn-c-X, ka-Xzw, Po-hn-Xm-¥- v C-h-sb-sb√mw Cu k-a-cw ]-c-kv-]-cw _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn. km-[m-cW - ° - m-cp-sS ]-cn-ÿn-Xn {]-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂-p AXv. a-c-ßfpw Im-Sp-I-fpw a-e-I-fp-am-bn Xm-

f_-≤X - b - n¬ Po-hn-®n-cp-∂ H-cp P\-X-sb c-≠v ]-Xn-‰m-t≠m-fw ]Tn®m-Wv Cu ]p-kv-X-Iw F-gp-X-s∏Sp-∂-Xv: The Chipko movement:A people's history ti-J¿ ]-Y-°v ln-μn-bn-se-gp-Xn-b Cu ]p-kvX - I - w Cw-•o-jn-em-b-t∏mƒ F-Un-‰v sNbv-X-Xpw A-h-Xm-cn-I F-gp-Xn-bXpw cm-aN - {- μ-Kp-l. {]-km-[I - ¿ s]¿-a-\‚ v ªm-°v, hn-e 895 cq-].

Pq¨ 2021

]mT-t`-Zw

45

a-tUm-W

A

¿-≤-cm-{Xn-°v ti-j-hpw A´w-t\m-°n In-S-°p-∂ H-cp hm-S-Iho-´p Xm-ak - ° - m-ew. X-et- h-Z\ - hns´m-gn-bm-Ø A-im-¥-am-b ]-I-epI-fpw cm-{Xn-I-fpw. ssh-Ip-t∂-cß-fn-sem-∂n¬ cm-{Xn Xm-ak - Ø - n\v H-cp ÿ-ew Xn-c-°n Rm-\n-dßn. B-Im-i-hm-Wn-bn-se Xm¬°m-en-I tPm-en-°v ]p-e¿-® 5 aWn-°v F-Øm≥ \-K-c-]-cn-[n-bnH-cp Xm-a-k ÿ-ew A-Xym-h-iyam-bn-cp-∂p. h¿-j-߃-°v ap≥-]v ]-cn-N-b-ap-≈ H-cm-sf-tØ-Sn-bm-Wv \-K-c-Øn-se {]-i-kv-X-am-b B tIm-tf-Pn-\-Sp-sØ-Øn-b-Xv. A-∂sØ Hm¿-Ω sh-®v tIm-tf-Pns‚ c-≠p `m-K-Øpw ]-c-Xn A-h-km\w ]-g-b ssi-en-bn-ep-≈ ho-Sv I≠p ]n-Sn-®p. tIm-fnw-Ks v- _-√n¬ hnc-ea - ¿-Øn Im-Øn-cp-∂p. Ip-d® - p \nan-j-߃-°v ti-jw hm-Xn¬ Xpd-∂v F-t∂-°mƒ A-ev-]w Iq-Sn {]m-bw tXm-∂n-°p-s∂m-cp-hƒ Xe ]p-dt- Ø-°n-´p. {]-Xo-£n-® Bf-√m-ØX - n-\m-epw ho-Sv C-Xp-Xs - ∂b-t√ F-∂-{X D-d-∏n-√m-Ø-Xn-\mepw sX-s√m-cp ]-cn-{`-a-tØm-sS tNm-Zn-®p: "_n-μp'? A-h¿ ho-Sn-\I-tØ-°v X-e Xn-cn-®v "A-tΩ, _nμp-hn-s\ A-t\z-jn-®v H-cmƒ h-∂ncn-°p-∂p' F-∂v ]-d-™p. i-cn-bmb ÿ-e-Øm-sW-∂v B-iz-kn-® F-s‚ t\-sc ho-Sn-\p-≈n¬ \n-∂pw X-e ]n≥-he - n-®v A-h¿ ]-d™ ASp-Ø hm-N-Iw izm-kw \n-e-∏n°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p."_n-μp a-cn-®p t]m-bn.' A-I-Øp-\n-∂v A-h-cp-sS A-Ω h-cn-I-bpw a-c-W-sØ ]-‰n A¬-∏t\-cw kw-km-cn-°p-I-bpw A-sXm-cm-fll - X - y B-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v a-\-kn-em-°p-I-bpw, Xm-a-k-

46

]mT-t`-Zw

Pq¨ 2021

ÿ-e-sa-∂ Im-cyw a-d-°p-I-bpam-Wv ]n-∂o-Sv \-S-∂-Xv. _n-μp-hpam-bn F-s∂ _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂ Htc-sbm-cp t]-cv s]-s´-∂v \m-hn≥Xp-ºs - Ø-Øn. "kp-an'? kp-an-bp-sS \-º¿ In-´p-I-bpw ho-´p-Im-tcm-Sv bm-{X ]-d-™v A-hn-Sp-sØ tK-‰v I-S-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ kp-an-bp-sS i-–w Fs‚ t^m-Wn-s‚ a-dp-Xe-°s - e-Øp-Ib - pw H-s° s]-s´-∂v \-S∂ - p. _n-μp-hns‚ a-cW - t- Ø-bpw a-cW - Im-cW - ß - s - f-∏‰ - n-bp-sam-s° Ip-d-®v t\-cw hm-Nm-e-bm-b-Xn-\p ti-jw kp-an F-s‚ hn-ti-j-ßfn-te-°v I-S-∂p. Ip-d-®v tam-iw am\-kn-I Im-e-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv I-S∂p t]m-Ip-∂s - X-∂pw a-‰p-ap-≈ Nne t]-gv-k-W¬ Im-cy-ß-fn¬ A∂-sØ kw-`m-j-W-a-h-km-\n-®p.

B Zn-h-k-hpw B-Lm-X-hpw a-d∂p kz-¥w X-e-th-Z-\-I-fn-te-°v Xn-cn-™p Xp-S-ßn-b Zn-h-k-ß-fnsem-∂n¬ A-Sp-sØm-cm-fl-l-Xysb `-b∂ - m-hW - w kp-an-bp-sS Imƒ F-s∂-tØ-Sn-sb-Øn. kzm-an cm-abp-sS C-e-h≥ an-\n-‰v-kv hm-bn-s®∂v kp-an ]-d™ t- ∏mƒ ]-t≠ Bflo-b-X-tbm-Sv Xm¬-∏-cy-ap-≈ kpan-sb Rm≥ Hm¿-sØ-Sp-Øp. AXn-\p ti-jw Xm≥ C-t∏mƒ hmbn-°p-∂ ]p-kv-X-I-sØ ]-‰n-bpw

A-sX-gp-Xn-b am-Ã-sd ]-‰n-bpw Ahƒ ]-d-™-t∏mƒ h¿-j-߃-°v ap≥-]v F-t¥m Im-c-W-Øm¬ a\- n-ep-S-°n-b ]-g-sbm-cp hm-cm¥-∏-Xn-∏v Hm¿-Ω-bn-se-Øn. A-Xv C-t±-l-hp-am-bp-≈ A-`n-ap-J-am-bncp-∂p. hm-bn-®p I-gn-™m¬ B ]p-kv-X-I-sa-\n-°v X-cm-sa-∂ D-dt∏m-sS A-∂v R-߃ t^m¨ sh-®v]n-cn-™p.

Ip-d® - v B-gN v- I - ƒ-°v ti-jw ho≠pw t^m-Wn-\∏ - p-dØ - v kp-an. A∂p ]-d-™ am-Ã-dp-sS Iq-sS D≈ H-cmƒ A-h-fp-sS A-Sp-Øv h∂n-´p-s≠-∂pw h-∂ B-sf F‚Sp-tØ-°v ]-d™ p-hn-Sp-∂p-sh-∂pw ]-d-™v A-hƒ t^m¨ sh-®p. in-jy-K-W-ß-sf {]-N-c-W-Øn-\v hn-Sp-∂ Kp-cp-thm F-∂-kz-ÿ-bmbn Rm≥ I-S-∏p-d-Øv Iq-´p-Im-cn A-Xp-ey-s°m-∏w B a-\p-jy-s\ Im-Øn-cp-∂p. F-∂m¬ Rm≥ hnNm-cn-®-Xn-\p t\¿-hn-]-co-X-am-bn F-t∂-°m-fpw A-kz-ÿ-\m-bm-Wv A-bmƒ F-s‚ A-Sp-sØ-Øn-bX - v.

"kp-an \n¿-_-‘n-®p ]-d-™-b-®Xm-sW-s∂,' ]-cn-{`-an-®p-sIm-≠v Abmƒ ]-d-™p. A¬-∏t\-c-sØ kw-`m-j-W-Øn-\p ti-jw sa-Unt‰-j-\v k-lm-bn-°p-∂ H-cp sNdn-b ]p-kv-X-Iw hn-e sIm-Sp-Øp hm-ßn. kp-an hm-bn-®p sIm-≠n-cn°p-∂ am-Ã-dp-sS B-fl-I-Y hmßm-\p-≈ ]-Ww F‚Sp-Øn-√m-bncp-∂p. X-s‚ tIm-∏n F-\n-°v hmbn-°m-\m-bn I-Sw X-∂v P-\p-th´≥ F-∂ B a-\p-jy≥ a-S-ßn.

C-\n-bpw D-dß - m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ {]m-¥v F-∂ A-hÿ b - n-se-Øn-b Rm≥ A-∂p-X-s∂ sa-Un-t‰-j≥ B-cw`n-®p. aq-∂p \m-ep Zn-h-k-Øn-\p≈n¬ A-¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠v B Im-e-Øv G-‰-hpw sIm-Xn-®v Im-Øn-cp-∂ D-d° - w tX-Sn-sb-Øn.

X-e-th-Z-\ Ip-d-™p Xp-S-ßn. B B-flI - Y - hm-bn-®p Xo¿-°m-\m-Wv Hm-tcm Zn-h-k-hpw tPm-en I-gnt™m- S n- s b- Ø p- ∂ - s X- ∂ m- b n. ]-≠v ho-´n¬ ]n.F≥. Zm-k≥ amjp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \-S-∂ saUn-t‰-j≥ ¢m-kn-t\m-Sv ap-Jw Xncn-®n-cp-∂ Rm≥ Zn-h-k-hpw P-\pth-´s - \ kw-ib - ß - f - p-am-bn _p-≤nap-´n-°m≥ Xp-S-ßn. ]-≠v hm-bn-® ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fn¬ \n-∂v Pn-±p-hpw Hm-tjm-bpw c-aW - a-l¿-jn-bpw Xnb-dn \n¿-Øn {]m-Œn-°-em-bn Xp-Sßn. A-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ H-cp Zn-h-kw H-cp k-t¥m-j hm¿-Ø tX-Sn-sbØn. A-t±-lw \-K-c-Øn¬ h-cp∂p. Po-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂ H-cp B-flob Kp-cp-hn-s\ Im-Wm≥ sIm-Xn®v Zn-h-k-߃ F-Æn Xo¿-°p-Ibm-Wn-t∏mƒ. hn-em-kn-\n-tb-®n-bpsS ho-´n¬ A-t±-l-sØ Im-Wms\-Øn-bh - ¿-°n-Sb - n¬ lr-Zb - a - n-Snt∏m-sS Rm-\n-cp-∂p. H-Sp-hn¬ Fs‚ Du-g-am-bn. ap-dn-bn¬ H-cp km[m-cW - a-\p-jy≥."_-‘ß - f - n¬ \n∂v F-ß-s\ ]p-d-Øp I-S-°m-\mhpw' F-∂ F-s‚ tNm-Zy-Øn-\v "a\p-jy-\v A-Xv km-[y-am-tWm' F∂v sN-dp-Nn-cn-tbm-sS H-cp a-dp-tNmZyw! ]n-s∂ I-Æo¿ X-S-™p-sh°m-\m-hm-sX-bn-cn-°p-∂ F-t∂mSv "F-s∂ t]-Sn-∏n-°-t√ Ip-´o' Fs∂m-cp hm-NI - w Iq-Sn-tb ]-d™ p≈q. F-s‚ k-a-bw I-gn-™p F∂ hm-Xn¬-sIm-´v tI-´v ]n-s∂ ]pd-tØ-°v. ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-bn-´pw \ne-bv-°m-Ø I-Æp-\o¿ ]-≠v b-Xnbp-sS A-Sp-Øv t]m-b-t∏mƒ a-Wn°q-dp-I-tfm-fw I-c-™p F-∂p ]d-™ Iq-´p-Im-cn-sb Hm¿-Ωn-∏n®p.

Books from SOUTH ASIA STUDY CENTRE The Nilgiris BACK TO BASICS: A J.C. KUMARAPPA READER edited by Pranjali Bandhu. Introduction by T.G. Jacob.

Second revised and expanded edition.

Studera Press, New Delhi, 2021.

978-93-85883-98-9; pb; pp. 610; Rs. 995.

ENCOUNTERING THE ADIVASI QUESTION– SOUTH INDIAN NARRATIVES ey P. Bandhu and T.G. Jacob Studera Press, New Delhi, 2019.

978-93-8588309207; HB and as e-book; pp. 356; Rs 1795.

NATIONAL QUESTION IN INDIA: CPI DOCUMENTS 1942-1947 edited by T.G. Jacob.

Second revised edition. Studera Press, Delhi, 2017.

978-93-85883-36-1; HB; pp. 250; Rs. 1495.

WAR AND NATIONAL LIBERATION: CPI DOCUMENTS 1939-1945 edited by P. Bandhu and T.G. Jacob.

Second revised edition. Studera Press, Delhi, 2017.

978-93-85883-35-4; HB;pp. 312; Rs 1795.

LEFT TO RIGHT: DECLINE OF COMMUNISM IN INDIA

by T.G. Jacob Empower India Press, New Delhi, 2012. pb; pp. 278; Rs 400.

REFLECTIONS ON THE CASTE QUESTION: THE DALIT SITUATION IN SOUTH INDIA

by T.G. Jacob and P. Bandhu.

Odyssey, Ootacamund, 2009.

978-81-900615-4-4; pb; pp. 296; Rs. 545.

EASTERN MARXISM AND OTHER ESSAYS

by S.N. Nagarajan.Edited by T.G. Jacob and P. Bandhu.Odyssey, Ootacamund, 2008.

978-81-900615-3-7; pb; pp. 220; Rs. 445.

THE TIBETAN SAGA FOR NATIONAL LIBERATION

by Pranjali Bandhu, Odyssey, Ootacamund, 2007.

81-900615-2-6; pb; pp. 263; Rs. 495.

For copies write to: info@studerapress.com/ akshay.studerapress@gmail.com.

Ph: 011-27380218; 27383728; 9711007535.

For Left to Right: Decline of Communism in India contact: Thejas Books, Media City, Nallalam Post, Calicut 673027. Mo: 9847815603.

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-√m-cpw ]-d-™p ]-d-™p D≈ `w-Kn t]m-epw C-√m-≠m-°n-b H-cp-]m-Sv a-\p-jy¿ D-≠m-Ip-tam? Ah-cp-sS ]n-®m-Øn-°-Øn-t]m-se Iq¿-Ø, aq¿-®-bp-≈ Xm-c-X-ayw sIm-≠v Io-dn tNm-c hm¿-∂v t]mb-h¿.

I-dp-Ø-Xm-Wv, D-≠ aq-°m-Wv, ap-Sn Np-cp-≠-Xm-Wv, s]m-°-an-√,

hm-in Xo¿-°m≥ F-∂-t]m-se Ikv-Xq-cn-a-™ƒ A-e-°v-I-√n¬ Dc-®v ap-J-Øv tX-∏n-°pw.

A-hc - p-sS tNm-Zy-Øn-\v ap-∂nF-∂t- ]m-se ]-® I-kvX - q-cn a-™fn¬ IpXn¿-∂p F-s‚ ap-Jh - pw \odpw. B I-√n¬ ]n-∂oSv A-e-°nb Xp-Wn a-™-®-X-√m-sX F-s‚ ap-J-Øn-\v h-en-b am-‰-sam-∂pw D≠m-bn-√. Np-‰p-ap-≈-h-cp-sS I-a‚pIƒ-°pw.

H-cn-°¬ Rm-bm-dm-gvN - Ip¿-_m\ I-gn-™p h-cp-tºmƒ H-´pw ]cn-N-b-an-√m-Ø H-cp tN-®n sh-dpsX h-∂p ]-d-™p: "\n-\-°v Bß-f-am-sct∏m-se \n-dw C-√, A-

tIm-ep t]m-se-bm-Wv Xp-S-ßn \qdm-bn-cw h¿-Øa - m-\ß - ƒ-°n-Sb - nap-f-®p-s]m-¥n-sbm-cp Im-´p-sN-Snbm-bn-cp-∂p Rm≥. "∂m-epw s]-s¶m-®m-bn-´p \n-\°v \n-s‚ A-∏-s‚ \n-dw In-´n-bn√-t√m' F-∂ ÿn-cw h¿-Ø-am-\Øn-s‚ C-S-bn¬ Xn-Æ-bn-se IÆm-Sn ]n-Sn-∏n-® H-cp P-\¬ ]m-fnbn¬ C-S-°n-sS t]m-bn t\m-°pw.

Rm≥ A-{X-°v I-dp-Ø-Xm-tWm? ]n-s∂ I-´n-f-∏-Sn-bn¬ C-cn-°p∂ t]m-≠vk - v ]u-U¿ ssI-sh-≈bn¬ ]o-®n ap-J-Øv C-´v k-t¥mjn-°pw. F-{X No-hn-bm-epw H-‰ \nan-j-Øn¬ P-S sI-´p-∂ N-In-cn-apSn h-en-®p-No-hn sI-´n-sh-°pw.

Nm-®-s‚ kp-μ-cn-I-fm-b s]߃-]-S-I-fpw A-h-cp-sS A-Xn-kpμ-cn-If - m-b a-°f - pw ho-´n-te-°v tIdm≥ \-S-bn¬ sN-cp-∏-gn-®n-Spw apt∂ Xp-S-ßpw "\o-b-ßv I-cp-hm-fn®v t]m-b-t√m' "A-Xn-\v sh-bn-e-Øp-∂v tI-ds≠' F-∂v ]-d-™p A-Ω F-s‚ \n-d-an-√m-bv-a-I-fp-sS ap-gp-h≥ Ip-‰hpw kq-cy-s‚ X-e-bn¬ sh-®p-sI´pw. F-∂n-´v \m-Øq≥-am-tcm-Sp-≈

s√! B km-c-an-√, h-ep-Xm-Iptºmƒ \-∂m-Ipw.' cm-hn-se Nm-®≥ hm-ßn-b _o^v I-∏-_n-cn-bm-Wn-bm-bn cq-]m-¥cw h- ∂ p- I m- W pw F- s ∂m- s °tbm¿-Øv \-S-∂ F-s‚ aq-Uv H-‰b-Sn-°v B s]-Æpw-]n-≈ I-f™p.

Hm¿-a-bn¬ am-bm-sX \n¬-°ps∂m-cp Im-ea - p-≠v. kvI - q-fn¬ t]mIp-tºm-gpw h-cp-tºm-gpw I-kn≥kv H-cn-°-epw F-s∂ Iq-´n-√. H∂p-In¬ Rm≥ ap-∂n¬ \-S° - W - w A-√¶ - n¬ A-h¿ t]m-bn-°g - n-™p am-t{X ho-´n¬-\n-∂v C-dß - m-hp. F\n-°v `w-Kn-bn-√m-Ø-Xp sIm-≠mWv F-s∂ Iq-sS-°q-´m≥ C-„-a√m-ØX - v F-∂v ap-JØ - p-t\m-°n ]d-™-h¿ Hm-Spw. h-f¿-∂-t∏mƒ tI-´ h¿-Øm-\w "]-≠t- Ø°mƒ t`-Za - m-Wv' F-∂mbn-cp-∂p.

C-sXm-s°-sIm-≠p X-s∂-bmh-Ww C-S° - n-sS I-Æm-Sn-bn¬ t\m°p-∂ io-ew C-s∏m-gpw hn-´p-amdm-Ø-Xv. Rm-s\-{X kp-μ-cn-bmsW-∂v sI-´n-tbm≥ ]-d-™m-epw hn-izm-kw h-cm-sX H-∂v ]m-fn t\m-

A-Yo-\- sU-bv-kn tPm¿-Pv

F

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°p-∂-Xv. C-s∏m sh-ey-Ω® - n-sbm-s° ImWp-tºmƒ ]-d-bpw ,\o ]-t≠ hey ta-°∏ - I v- m-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂t- √m ,cmhn-se F-gp-t∂-‰-]m-sS ]u-U¿ C´n-´v am-{X-sa ]-√p-tX-°m≥ t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q F-∂v. ho-´n¬ hcp-∂h - ¿ I-cp-hm-fn-® s]-Æn-s\-°≠v A-¥w hn-S-≠ F-∂v I-cp-Xnbm-bn-cp-∂p A-sXm-s°. Rm≥ Nn-cn-°pw. Hm¿-Ωb - p-≠Ω - ® - n F-∂ a-dp-]-Sn am-{Xw ]-d-bpw. (]u-U¿ C-´m¬ sh-fp-°p-sa∂pw sh- f p- Ø m¬ am- t {X ImWm≥ sIm-≈p F-∂pw ]Tn-∏n-®Xv B-cm-Wv F-∂v tNm-Zn-°m≥ tXm-∂pw. ]n-s∂ th-≠-∂p-sh°pw ) H-Sp-hn¬ tI-´-Xv "C-s∏m ku-μ-cyw Cs-√-¶n-epw D-≠m-°n F-Sp-°p-∂h - ¿ A-s√ F√m-cpw' F-∂m-Wv. tImw-π-Iv-kp-Iƒ G-sd-bp-s≠¶n-epw A-Xn-s\m-s° ap-I-fn¬ Ib-dn-bn-cp-∂p Np-h∂ - en-]và - n-°v ISp-∏n-®n-´v H-‰®n-cn Nn-cn-°pw. B sh-´-Øn¬ s]m-´n-t∏m-I-s´ Ip-‰°-Æp-Iƒ....

Zn-eo-]v Io-gq¿

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Patabhedam Monthly June 2021 Vol.10 Issue No.6 Rs. 20 RNI No.: KERMAL/2013/53535 Postal Registered No.: KL/CT/228/2019-2021 Date of Publication: 10th June 2021

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