a-lm-am-cn-°m-e-Øp-ap-≠v A-h-Im-i-߃

Nn-In-’-bn-epw th-Ww ]-c-kv-]-c _-lp-am-\w-

k-\n¬Ip-am¿ Fw.Fw.

I-gn-™ e-°-Øn¬ ]mT-t`-Zw B-tcm-Ky cwK-sØ h¿-Ø-am-\ A-h-ÿ-sb Ip-dn-®p tUm: ]n.sI i-in-[-c-\p-am-bn \-S-Øn-b A-`n-ap-Jw {it≤-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-`n-ap-J-Øn¬ tUm: i-in-[c≥ ]-¶p-sh-® \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ H-s∂m-gn-sI as‰-√m A-`n-{]m-b-tØm-Spw tbm-Pn-∏v ]p-e¿-Øs´. F-∂m¬ A-t±-lw X-t±-io-b ssh-Zy imJ-bm-b B-bp¿-th-Z-sØ Ip-dn-®v \-S-Øn-b ]cm-a¿-i-tØm-Sv hn-tbm-Pn-∏v tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øm-sX X-c-an-√. B-bq¿-th-Z-a-S-°-ap-≈-h-sb kmw-io-Icn-®p sIm-≠m-Wv B-[p-\n-I ssh-Zyw \-Ωp-sS \m-´n¬ hn-I-kn-®p h-∂n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂m-Wv At±-lw \o-co-£n-°p-∂-Xv. h-f-sc Ku-c-h-ap-≈ H-cp hn-j-bw H-gp-°≥ a-´n-ep-≈ H-cp {]-Xn-I-cW-Øn-eq-sS e-fn-X-h-ev-°-cn-°p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS tUm.i-in-[-c≥. \-Ωp-sS B-tcm-Ky cw-K-sØ {]-Xn-Iq-em-hÿ-bv-°v H-scm-‰ D-Ø-cw F-∂ B-tcm-Ky \-bw F-{X-am-{Xw i-cn-bm-Ipw ? hy-Xy-kv-X ssh-Zyim-J-I-fn-ep-≈-h¿ ]-c-kv-]-cw \n-cm-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]-I-cw \n-tXy-\ `o-Xn-bn¬ \n-∂v `o-Xn-bnte-°v F-Sp-sØ-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ a-\p-jy¿-°v Bizm-kw \-ev-Im-\m-bn ]-c-kv-]-cw a-\- n-em-°m\pw ]Tn-°m-\pw B-Wv C-t∏mƒ X-øm-dm-tI-≠Xv. tIm-hn-Un-s‚ Im-e-Øpw Cu hn-th-Iw _‘s∏-´-h-cn¬ D-≠m-bn-s√-¶n¬ ]n-s∂-sbt∏mƒ ? B-tcm-Ky cw-K-Øv ]-I¿-®-hym-[n-I-fpw ]-I¿t®-X-c tcm-K-ß-fpw H-tc t]m-se `o-j-Wn-bmbn sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ km-l-N-cy-am-Wv C-∂v \ne-\n-ev-°p-∂-Xv. tcm-Km-Wp(agent) tcm-K-_m-[ G-ev-°p-∂ i-co-cw (Host) tcm-K-_m-[-bv-°v Imc-Wam-Ip-∂ ]-cn-X-ÿn-Xn (environment) Cu aq-∂p L-S-I-ß-fm-Wv ]-I¿-®-hym-[n tcm-K-ßfn-se {]-[m-\ L-S-I-߃. F-∂m¬ Po-hn-Xssi-eo tcm-K-߃ F-∂ hn-fn-t∏-cn¬ A-dn-bs∏-Sp-∂ ]-I¿-t®X-c hym-[n-I-fn¬ A-\m-tcmKy-I-c-am-b B-lm-c-io-e-߃, hym-bm-a°p-d-hp≈ Po-hn-X km-l-N-cy-߃, am-\-kn-Im-tcm-Ky°p-d-hv Xp-S-ßn-b \n-c-h-[n Im-c-W-߃ {]-[m\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu tcm-Kkm-l-N-cy-߃ ]c-kv-]-cw tcm-Km-h-ÿ-sb aq¿-—n-∏n-°p-∂p F∂-Xm-Wv h¿-Ø-am-\Im-e B-tcm-Ky cw-Kw t\cn-Sp-∂ {]-[m-\ sh-√p-hn-fn. tIm-hn-Uv 19 tem-I-hym-]-I-am-bn kr-„n-®ncn-°p-∂ \m-\m-hn-[ {]-Xn-k-‘n-I-sf-°p-dn-®v Hm¨sse≥ sl¬-Øv A-kw-ªn B-i-¶ {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p. tem-I-sØ-hn-sS-bpw Cu {]-Xn-k-‘n-I-fp-sS Xn‡-^-ew G-‰-hpw cq-£-am-bn _m-[n-°p-I Zp¿-∫-e P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-sf-bm-Wv. \-Ωp-sS cm-Py-Øpw B \ne-°v X-s∂-bm-Wv km-l-N-cy-߃. tIm-hn-Uv a-lmam-cn-sb t\-cn-Sp-∂-Xn-epw P-\-ß-fn¬ A-Xn-s‚ kmaq-ly- km-º-Øn-I- B-tcm-Ky B-Lm-X-߃ e-LqI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-epw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ C-Xp-h-sc th≠-{X hn-P-bn-®n-´n-√. k-ao-] Zn-h-k-ß-fn-se tcm-Ks∏-cp-∏-Øn-s‚ I-W-°p-I-fpw Hm-Iv-kn-P≥ £m-a-apƒs∏-sS Nn-In-’m kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fp-sS A-]-cym-]v-X kw_-‘n-® dn-t∏m¿-´p-I-fpw \¬-Ip-∂ kq-N-\ hy-‡am-Wv. F-∂m¬ C-Xv Ip-‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fp-sS-bpw ]gn-Nm-c-ep-I-fp-sS-bpw k-a-b-a-√. Cu ]-co-£-W-L-´w X-c-Ww sN-øp-∂-Xn-\v tI{μ-kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ \-S-Øp-∂ {i-a-ß-fn¬ {]m-tZ-in-I-X-ew ap-X¬ ]-¶m-fn-I-fm-bpw bp-‡n-kl-hpw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-hp-am-b \n¿-t±-i-߃ ap-t∂m-´ph-®p sIm-≠pw k-l-I-cn-°m≥ C-∂m-´n-se sN-dpXpw h-ep-Xp-am-b F-√m km-aq-ly {]-ÿm-\-߃-°pw I-S-a-bp-≠pv. B \n-e-bv-°v G-Xm-\pw \n¿-t±-i-߃ k¿-°m¿ kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fp-sS ]-cn-K-W-\-°pw s]mXp k-aq-l-Øn¬ A-`n-{]m-b cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-\p-am-bn ap-t∂m-´p h-bv-°p-∂p. 1. Cu a-lm-am-cn-sb t\-cn-Sm≥ F-√m Aw-Ko-IrX Nn-In-’m k-{º-Zm-b-ß-sf-bpw A-\p-h-Zn-®v D-Øc-hp-≠m-I-Ww. im-kv-{Xo-b ]T-\-ß-fpw hn-e-bn-cp-Øep-I-fpw t]m-seØ-s∂ hn-hn-[ Nn-In-’m k-{º-Zmb-ß-fp-sS Zo¿-L-\m-f-sØ A-\p-`-h-ß-fpw Cu {]Xn-k-‘n L-´-sØ X-c-Ww sN-øp-∂-Xn¬ {]-tbm-P\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. 2. tIm-hn-Uv {]-Xn-tcm-[-Øn-\pw Nn-In-’-°pw GXp k-{º-Zm-bw kzo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂ Im-cy-Øn¬ tcmKn-Iƒ-°p-≈ A-h-Im-iw kw-c-£n-°-s∏-S-Ww. tcmK-∏-I¿-®-°p-≈ km-l-N-cy-߃ H-gn-hm-°m-\p-≈ \nb-{¥-W-߃ B-Im-sa-¶n-epw H-cp Nn-In-’m-co-Xn-bpw P-\-ß-fp-sS ta¬ A-Sn-t®¬-∏n-°-cp-Xv. 3. P-\-ß-fp-sS kz-`m-hn-I tcm-K {]-Xn-tcm-[-tijn h¿-≤n-∏n-°m-\p-X-Ip-∂ Po-hn-X-ssi-en t{]m-’mln-∏n-°p-∂ B-tcm-Ky \-bw cm-Py-Øp-≠m-th-≠-Xnte-°v hn-c¬ Nq-≠p-∂-Xm-Wv Cu A-km-[m-c-W Ime-L-´w. A-Xn-s‚ Xp-S-°w F-∂ \n-e-bn¬ Cu tcmK-∏-I¿-®-sb t\-cn-Sm≥ k-lm-b-I-am-b `-£-W ssien-sb-°p-dn-®v P-\-߃-°v A-Sn-b-¥n-c-am-bn A-ht_m-[w \¬-I-Ww 4. tIm-hn-Uv ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ G¿-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ \n-b-{¥-W-ß-fp-sS ^-e-am-bn ssZ-\w-Zn-\ Po-hn-X-Øn\v h-I I-s≠-Øm-\m-hm-Ø B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v IpSpw-_-߃ \m-´n-ep-≠v. sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpw sN-dp-In-S hym-]m-cn-I-fp-apƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ Cu Zp-cn-X P-\-hn-`mK-߃-°v A-Sn-b-¥n-c km-º-Øn-I k-lm-bw \¬I-Ww. F-√m-h¿-°pw am-k-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ ku-P-\y `-£-W In-‰v \¬-Ip-I-b-√, h-cp-am-\w ap-´n-b Ip-Spw_-ß-fp-sS {]m-Y-an-I `-£ym-h-iy-߃-°v kw-hn-[m\-sam-cp-°p-I-bm-Wv th-≠-Xv. 5. tIm-hn-Uv tcm-K-\n¿-Æ-b cw-K-Øpw Nn-In-’m-

sl¬-Øv A-kw-_v-fn {]-Jym-]-\w: a-lm-am-cn-°m-e-Øp-ap-≠v A-h-Im-i-߃

cw-K-Øpw h-en-b Xp-I Cu-Sm-°p-∂ kz-Im-cy NnIn-’m-e-b-ß-sf \n-b-{¥n-°m≥ k¿-°m-cpw tIm-SXn-I-fpw \-S-Øp-∂ C-S-s]-S-ep-I-sf kzm-K-Xw sNøp-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w C-°m-cy-Øn¬ \n-c-¥-c {i-≤ Bh-iy-am-Wv. 6. C-t∏mƒ I-≠p ]n-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂ tIm-hn-Uv hmIv-kn-\p-Iƒ P-\n-X-I-am-‰w h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ ssh-d-kn-s\ {]-Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ F-{X am-{Xw ^-e{]-Z-am-sW-∂v B-[p-\n-I ssh-Zy-im-kv-{X cw-K-Øp \n-∂p X-s∂ kw-i-b-߃ D-∂-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ H-cp km-l-N-cy-ap-≠v. am-{X-hp-a-√ Cu hm-Iv-kn‚ e-`y-Xbpw ]-cn-an-X-am-Wv. Cu ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ]m¿-iz^-e-ß-fn-√m-Ø-Xpw s]m-Xp-hm-bn {]-Xn-tcm-[-ti-jn h¿-≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-am-b C-X-c ssh-Zy-im-J-I-fn-se {]Xn-tcm-[ a-cp-∂p-I-fp-sS km-[y-X-Iƒ {]-tbm-P-\-s∏Sp-Ø-Ww. 7. tIm-hn-Uv ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ G¿-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ \n-b-{¥-W-ß-fp-sS a-d-hn¬ tI-{μ-kw-ÿm-\ k¿°m-cp-Iƒ A-an-Xm-[n-Im-c tI-{μ-ß-fm-h-cp-Xv. Cu L-´-Øn¬ P-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂v {]-Xn-tj-[-ap-W-cm≥ km-[y-X-bp-≈ h≥-In-S ]-≤-Xn-I-fp-am-bn ap-t∂m-´p t]m-Ip-∂ Iu-i-ew P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-a-√. ]-Xn-\m-bnc-°-W-°n-\v tIm-Sn D-dp-∏n-I ap-X¬-ap-S-°v h-cp-∂ A-Xn-th-K sd-bn¬ t]m-se-bpw, B-Uw-_-c-]q¿-Æam-b ]m¿-e-sa‚v k-ap-®-bw t]m-se-bp-≈ ]-≤-XnI-fp-am-bn ap-t∂m-´p t]m-Ip-∂-Xv \n¿-Øn-h-bv-°-Ww. 8. tIm-hn-Uv {]-Xn-tcm-[-cw-K-Øv k-a¿-∏-W-tØmsS {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂ B-tcm-Ky {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ s]mXp-hn-epw \-gv-kp-am¿ {]-tXy-In-®pw A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn°p-∂ {]-iv-\-߃ Ku-c-h-]q¿-Δw ]-cn-K-Wn-®v ]-cnlm-c-ß-fp-≠m-I-Ww.{]-tXy-In-®pw tcm-Kn - \-gv-kv A-\p-]m-X-Øn¬ h-∂ am-‰w aq-e-ap-≈ A-[n-I tPmen `m-cw, eo-hpv sh-´n-®p-cp-°¬ t]m-ep-≈ A-h-Imi \n-tj-[-߃, Xm¬-°m-en-I \-gv-kp-am¿-°v C≥jp-d≥-kv ]-cn-c-£ t]m-ep-≈ kp-c-£m ]m-t°-PpI-fn-√m-Ø-Xv, dn-kv-Iv A-e-h≥-kn¬ I-em-\p-kr-Xam-b h¿-≤-\-hv C-√m-Ø-Xv Xp-S-ßn-b {]-iv-\-߃ A-Sn-b-¥n-c ]-cn-K-W-\ A¿-ln-°p-∂p.

Nn-]v-t°m: ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-°p th-≠n-sbm-cp k-_mƒ-tS¨ {]-ÿm-\w-

A-ta-cn-°-bn-sem-cp ]p-kv-X-Iam-Wv ]-cn-ÿn-Xn {]-ÿm-\w Xp-Sßn-b-Xv. td-bv-®¬ I-gv-k-s‚ ssk-e‚v kv-{]n-Mv. C-¥y-bn-em-hs´ H-cp A-Sn-ÿm-\-X-e ]n-cn-ÿnXn-I sN-dp-Øp\n-ev-t]m-sS 1973 am¿-®v 26\v. A-cp-tX, a-c-߃ Bt«-jn-®v sN-dp-Øp-\n-∂ B k_mƒ-tS¨ kv-{Xo-Iƒ. Ku-cmtZhn-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xy-Øn-ep-≈ B {Km-ao-W kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS t]-cn-e-√ B {]-ÿm-\w ]n-∂o-S-dn-b-s∏-´-sX¶n-epw. kp-μ¿-em¬ _-lp-Kp-Wbpw N-fin-{]-km-Zv `-´p-am-bn _‘-s∏-´v A-sXm-cp A-lnw-km-flI Km-‘n-b≥ {]-ÿm-\-am-bn Adn-b-s∏-Sm≥ Xp-S-ßn. Km-‘n-b-∑mcp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p {]-ÿm-\-Øn¬. F-∂m-e-Xv H-cp \q-‰m-≠-¶n-epw ]g-°-ap-≈ {Km-ao-W sN-dp-Øp-\n-ev]n-s‚ Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Im-Spw a-e-I-fp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´v Po-hn-®ncp-∂ ln-am-e-b≥ X-t±-i-hm-knIƒ X-ß-sf bm-N-I-cm-°n-b sImtfm-Wn-b¬ h-\ \n-b-a-߃-s°Xn-sc t]m-cm-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. a-c-ß-fp-s≠-¶n¬ Im-Sp-I-fp-≠v, Im-Sp-I-fp-s≠-¶n¬ a-e-I-fpw, a-eI-fp-s≠-¶n¬ \m-Spw F-∂-Xm-bncp-∂p A-h-cp-sS ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw. Bh-iy-Øn-\pw B¿-Øn-°p-an-S-bn¬ (need & greed) H-cp _m-e≥-knßn-s\ Ip-dn-®m-tem-Nn-°m≥ B kv-{Xo sN-dp-Øp-\n-ev-]v hn-I-k-\hm-Zn-I-sf \n¿-∫-‘n-X-cm-°n. Pohn-X ]-cn-ÿn-Xn, kp-ÿn-c-X, ka-Xzw, Po-hn-Xm-¥- v C-h-sb-sb√mw Cu k-a-cw ]-c-kv-]-cw _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn. km-[m-c-W-°m-cp-sS ]-cn-ÿn-Xn {]-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂-p AXv. a-c-ßfpw Im-Sp-I-fpw a-e-I-fp-am-bn Xmf_-≤-X-bn¬ Po-hn-®n-cp-∂ H-cp P\-X-sb c-≠v ]-Xn-‰m-t≠m-fw ]Tn®m-Wv Cu ]p-kv-X-Iw F-gp-X-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xv: The Chipko movement:A people's history ti-J¿ ]-Y-°v ln-μn-bn-se-gp-Xn-b Cu ]p-kv-X-Iw Cw-•o-jn-em-b-t∏mƒ F-Un-‰v sNbv-X-Xpw A-h-Xm-cn-I F-gp-Xn-bXpw cm-a-N-{μ-Kp-l. {]-km-[-I¿ s]¿-a-\‚v ªm-°v, hn-e 895 cq-].