tIm-
Nn-In-’-bn-epw th-Ww ]-c-kv-]-c _-lp-am-\wk-\n¬Ip-am¿ Fw.Fw.
Ign-™ e-°-Øn¬ ]mT-t`-Zw B-tcm-Ky cwK-sØ h¿-Ø-am-\ A-h-ÿ-sb Ip-dn-®p tUm: ]n.sI i-in-[-c-\p-am-bn \-S-Øn-b A-`n-ap-Jw {it≤-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-`n-ap-J-Øn¬ tUm: i-in-[c≥ ]-¶p-sh-® \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ H-s∂m-gn-sI as‰-√m A-`n-{]m-b-tØm-Spw tbm-Pn-∏v ]p-e¿-Øs´. F-∂m¬ A-t±-lw X-t±-io-b ssh-Zy imJ-bm-b B-bp¿-th-Z-sØ Ip-dn-®v \-S-Øn-b ]cm-a¿-i-tØm-Sv hn-tbm-Pn-∏v tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øm-sX X-c-an-√. B-bq¿-th-Z-a-S-°-ap-≈-h-sb kmw-io-Icn-®p sIm-≠m-Wv B-[p-\n-I ssh-Zyw \-Ωp-sS \m-´n¬ hn-I-kn-®p h-∂n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂m-Wv At±-lw \o-co-£n-°p-∂-Xv. h-f-sc Ku-c-h-ap-≈ H-cp hn-j-bw H-gp-°≥ a-´n-ep-≈ H-cp {]-Xn-I-cW-Øn-eq-sS e-fn-X-h-ev-°-cn-°p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS tUm.i-in-[-c≥. \-Ωp-sS B-tcm-Ky cw-K-sØ {]-Xn-Iq-em-hÿ-bv-°v H-scm-‰ D-Ø-cw F-∂ B-tcm-Ky \-bw F-{X-am-{Xw i-cn-bm-Ipw ? hy-Xy-kv-X ssh-Zyim-JI - f - n-ep-≈h - ¿ ]-ck - ] v- c - w \n-cm-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n\v ]-I-cw \n-tXy-\ `o-Xn-bn¬ \n-∂v `o-Xn-bnte-°v F-Sp-sØ-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ a-\p-jy¿-°v Bizm-kw \-ev-Im-\m-bn ]-c-kv-]-cw a-\- n-em-°m\pw ]Tn-°m-\pw B-Wv C-t∏mƒ X-øm-dm-tI-≠Xv. tIm-hn-Un-s‚ Im-e-Øpw Cu hn-th-Iw _‘s∏-´-h-cn¬ D-≠m-bn-s√-¶n¬ ]n-s∂-sbt∏mƒ ? B-tcm-Ky cw-KØ - v ]-I¿-®h - ym-[n-If - pw ]-I¿t®-X-c tcm-K-ß-fpw H-tc t]m-se `o-j-Wn-bmbn sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ km-l-N-cy-am-Wv C-∂v \ne-\n-ev-°p-∂-Xv. tcm-Km-Wp(agent) tcm-K-_m-[ G-ev-°p-∂ i-co-cw (Host) tcm-K-_m-[-bv-°v Imc-Wam-Ip-∂ ]-cn-X-ÿn-Xn (environment) Cu aq-∂p L-S-I-ß-fm-Wv ]-I¿-®-hym-[n tcm-K-ßfn-se {]-[m-\ L-S-I-߃. F-∂m¬ Po-hn-Xssi-eo tcm-K-߃ F-∂ hn-fn-t∏-cn¬ A-dn-bs∏-Sp-∂ ]-I¿-t®X-c hym-[n-I-fn¬ A-\m-tcmKy-I-c-am-b B-lm-c-io-e-߃, hym-bm-a°p-d-hp≈ Po-hn-X km-l-N-cy-߃, am-\-kn-Im-tcm-Ky°p-d-hv Xp-S-ßn-b \n-c-h-[n Im-c-W-߃ {]-[m\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu tcm-Kkm-l-N-cy-߃ ]c-kv-]-cw tcm-Km-h-ÿ-sb aq¿-—n-∏n-°p-∂p F∂-Xm-Wv h¿-Ø-am-\Im-e B-tcm-Ky cw-Kw t\cn-Sp-∂ {]-[m-\ sh-√p-hn-fn.
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]mT-t`-Zw
Pq¨ 2021
hn-Uv 19 tem-I-hym-]-I-am-bn kr-„n-®ncn-°p-∂ \m-\m-hn-[ {]-Xn-k-‘n-I-sf-°p-dn-®v Hm¨sse≥ sl¬-Øv A-kw-ªn B-i-¶ {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p. tem-I-sØ-hn-sS-bpw Cu {]-Xn-k-‘n-I-fp-sS Xn‡-^-ew G-‰-hpw cq-£-am-bn _m-[n-°p-I Zp¿-∫-e P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-sf-bm-Wv. \-Ωp-sS cm-Py-Øpw B \ne-°v X-s∂-bm-Wv km-l-N-cy-߃. tIm-hn-Uv a-lmam-cn-sb t\-cn-Sp-∂-Xn-epw P-\-ß-fn¬ A-Xn-s‚ kmaq-ly- km-º-Øn-I- B-tcm-Ky B-Lm-X-߃ e-LqI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-epw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ C-Xp-h-sc th≠-{X hn-P-bn-®n-´n-√. k-ao-] Zn-h-k-ß-fn-se tcm-Ks∏-cp-∏Ø - n-s‚ I-W° - p-If - pw Hm-Ivk - n-P≥ £m-aa - pƒs∏-sS Nn-In-’m kw-hn-[m-\ß - f - p-sS A-]c - ym-]X v- kw_-‘n-® dn-t∏m¿-´p-I-fpw \¬-Ip-∂ kq-N-\ hy-‡am-Wv. F-∂m¬ C-Xv Ip-‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fp-sS-bpw ]gn-Nm-c-ep-I-fp-sS-bpw k-a-b-a-√. Cu ]-co-£-W-L-´w X-c-Ww sN-øp-∂-Xn-\v tI{μ-kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ \-S-Øp-∂ {i-a-ß-fn¬ {]m-tZ-in-I-X-ew ap-X¬ ]-¶m-fn-I-fm-bpw bp-‡n-kl-hpw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-hp-am-b \n¿-t±-i-߃ ap-t∂m-´ph-®p sIm-≠pw k-l-I-cn-°m≥ C-∂m-´n-se sN-dpXpw h-ep-Xp-am-b F-√m km-aq-ly {]-ÿm-\ß - ƒ-°pw I-S-a-bp-≠pv. B \n-e-bv-°v G-Xm-\pw \n¿-t±-i-߃ k¿-°m¿ kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fp-sS ]-cn-K-W-\-°pw s]mXp k-aq-l-Øn¬ A-`n-{]m-b cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-\p-am-bn ap-t∂m-´p h-bv-°p-∂p. 1. Cu a-lm-am-cn-sb t\-cn-Sm≥ F-√m Aw-Ko-IrX Nn-In-’m k-{º-Zm-b-ß-sf-bpw A-\p-h-Zn-®v D-Øc-hp-≠m-IW - w. im-kv{- Xo-b ]T-\ß - f - pw hn-eb - n-cp-Øep-I-fpw t]m-seØ-s∂ hn-hn-[ Nn-In-’m k-{º-Zmb-ß-fp-sS Zo¿-L-\m-f-sØ A-\p-`-h-ß-fpw Cu {]Xn-k-‘n L-´-sØ X-c-Ww sN-øp-∂-Xn¬ {]-tbm-P\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. 2. tIm-hn-Uv {]-Xn-tcm-[-Øn-\pw Nn-In-’-°pw GXp k-{º-Zm-bw kzo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂ Im-cy-Øn¬ tcmKn-Iƒ-°p-≈ A-h-Im-iw kw-c-£n-°-s∏-S-Ww. tcmK-∏-I¿-®-°p-≈ km-l-N-cy-߃ H-gn-hm-°m-\p-≈ \nb-{¥-Wß - ƒ B-Im-sa-¶n-epw H-cp Nn-In-’m-co-Xn-bpw P-\-ß-fp-sS ta¬ A-Sn-t®¬-∏n-°-cp-Xv. 3. P-\-ß-fp-sS kz-`m-hn-I tcm-K {]-Xn-tcm-[-tijn h¿-≤n-∏n-°m-\p-X-Ip-∂ Po-hn-X-ssi-en t{]m-’mln-∏n-°p-∂ B-tcm-Ky \-bw cm-Py-Øp-≠m-th-≠-Xnte-°v hn-c¬ Nq-≠p-∂-Xm-Wv Cu A-km-[m-c-W Ime-L-´w. A-Xn-s‚ Xp-S-°w F-∂ \n-e-bn¬ Cu tcmK-∏I - ¿-®s - b t\-cn-Sm≥ k-lm-bI - a - m-b `-£W - ssien-sb-°p-dn-®v P-\-߃-°v A-Sn-b-¥n-c-am-bn A-ht_m-[w \¬-I-Ww 4. tIm-hn-Uv ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ G¿-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ \n-b{- ¥-Wß - f - p-sS ^-ea - m-bn ssZ-\w-Zn-\ Po-hn-XØ - n\v h-I I-s≠-Øm-\m-hm-Ø B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v IpSpw-_-߃ \m-´n-ep-≠v. sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpw sN-dp-In-S hym-]m-cn-I-fp-apƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ Cu Zp-cn-X P-\-hn-`mK-߃-°v A-Sn-b-¥n-c km-º-Øn-I k-lm-bw \¬I-Ww. F-√m-h¿-°pw am-k-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ ku-P-\y `-£-W In-‰v \¬-Ip-I-b-√, h-cp-am-\w ap-´n-b Ip-Spw_-ß-fp-sS {]m-Y-an-I `-£ym-h-iy-߃-°v kw-hn-[m\-sam-cp-°p-I-bm-Wv th-≠-Xv. 5. tIm-hn-Uv tcm-K-\n¿-Æ-b cw-K-Øpw Nn-In-’m-
