Press Release
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From the Editor’s Desk Complications in GST After collections from the goods and services tax peaking at over 1 lakh crore in April, industry hoped the GST Council would make life simpler for an increasingly compliant tax-payer base. Indeed, at its meeting last week the Council decided to introduce a new compliance system under which a single monthly GST return will have to be submitted by firms, barring a few Ashish Kumar exceptions. However, this will only be done in a phased manner — with the first of three transition stages to begin six months from now. Discussions over simplifying GST returns have been under way for months and Renu Rahtan considered by the Council, a committee of officers and a Group of Ministers. Nandan Nilekani, chairman of Infosys Technologies, the firm in charge of the GST Network's IT system, has been consulted. Yet, the solution offered has gaps. For instance, in the second stage of the transition to simpler returns, buyers will get provisional input credit even if the seller doesn't upload the invoices. While this could lead to disputes, in the third stage input credits will only be granted after sellers upload invoices. If a seller defaults G.K.Rathinam on depositing GST dues collected from a buyer and remains evasive, the Hatchery Specialist & Technical Consultant Palani, Tamilnadu authorities can reverse the credit availed by the buyer for such outstanding D. Mondal taxes. Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary In any case, the timelines for the transition are long and bring fresh Research Institute, Kolkata uncertainty for businesses still recovering from the initial jitters and Dirisala Venkata Sivaji Post Graduate Scholar confusion around the tax regime. Firms will again have to cope with Teaching Assistant, Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension, Pondicherry significant changes in accounting software in the middle of the financial Tamizhkumaran. J year. The Council, credited with swift and significant course correction in Teaching Assistant, GST processes in its initial months, could have done more. The most Teaching Assistant, Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension, Pondicherry troubling is the Centre's push for the imposition of a cess on sugar over and Dr. C. Seenivasan, Ph.D above the 5% GST levied on it. A cess at the rate of 3 a kg is proposed to Technical, Vetline, Indore, India alleviate 'deep distress' among sugarcane farmers. Not surprisingly, this Dr. Sarada Prasanna Sahoo Livestock Officer, DADF, Govt of India faces opposition from several States. It has been rightly argued that this will burden consumers while favouring larger sugarcane-growing States like U.P. and Maharashtra. In addition, a special sugar cess will signal a looming breakdown of the basic tenet of GST: the abolition of such cesses and surcharges, barring the compensation cess for funding States' revenue losses for five years. Along with a proposal to reward digital GST payments, this has been referred to new ministerial groups, which are to revert in a fortnight. Lastly, the decision to make the GSTN a 100% government-owned firm, instead of the present structure with 51% private ownership, explains neither how this will address data security concerns nor the impact on the Network's functional efficiency, which was the original stated intent for giving private players an upper hand in operations.
Editor-in-Chief
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Hatching egg storage and transport Dr. SaradaPrasanna Sahoo1, Dr. Narender Kumar2 and Dr. Subas Chandra Jena3 1. Livestock Officer, DADF, Govt of India, 2. Asst. Prof. CSK HPKV, Palampur,
Article
3. Vety. Asst. Surgeon, Govt of Odisha
Optimum hatchability and chick quality can only be achieved when the egg is held under ideal conditions between laying and setting in the incubator. The fertile egg contains many living cells. Once the egg is laid, its hatching potential can be only maintained, but not improved. On farm egg storage and transport to the hatchery sometimes presents challenges which must be addressed, or the hatching potential will quickly deteriorate. Eggs should be collected from the farms and transported to the hatchery at least twice a week. There are three storage areas: farm egg room, transport, and hatchery egg room. It is important to stage the conditions in each of these situations as closely as possible to avoid sharp changes in temperature and humidity. Eggs should be gradually cooled from the point of lay to the hatchery egg room, which should be the coolest point for the egg. From that point, the eggs should be pre warmed to incubation temperature before setting in the incubator. These temperature changes should happen in a steady pattern decreasing from lay to the coolest point, then in a steady
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Hen's Body
104 ‐ 106 F
40 ‐ 41 C
Hen House
75 ‐ 85 F
24 ‐ 29 C
On Farm Egg Storage
70 ‐ 77 F
21 ‐ 25 C
Egg Transportation Truck
68 ‐ 73 F
20 ‐ 23 C
Hatchery Egg Room
66 ‐ 70 F
19 ‐ 21 C
Pre‐heating Area
75 ‐ 80 F
24 ‐ 27 C
Setter Machines
99.5 ‐ 100 F
37.5 ‐ 37.8 C
to 1.5% hatchability per added day
pattern upward from the egg storage to setting in the incubator. Temperature fluctuations during egg storage time will cause a higher early embryonic mortality and poorer quality chicks. Condensation will form when cold eggs are taken into a warmer environment. This is most often overlooked when eggs are being transported from the farm to the hatchery and can be prevented by using temperature controlled egg transport vehicles A relationship exists between the length of time eggs are stored and the optimum temperature and humidity needed for the best hatchability. Generally, the longer eggs are to be stored, the lower the storage temperature. · Storage prolongs incubation time. On average, one day's storage adds one hour to incubation time. · Hatchability is depressed by prolonged storage. After six days of
maximize overall hatch and chick
storage, one can expect to lose 0.5
quality.
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of storage. ·
Percent increasing as storage
extends further. Chick quality will be affected and broiler weights can be depressed in chicks hatched from eggs that have been stored for 14 days or more. Storage and transport conditions must be designed to minimize these losses. Temperature and humidity levels must be closely controlled at all stages to avoid variations. This is most challenging during egg transport, particularly at times when eggs are transported in weather extremes. Special storage considerations need to be implemented when eggs are stored more than 6 days prior to setting. All of these details will help
Role of Niacin in Poultry Nutrition Sandeep Kumar Chaudhary* and Akansha Singh ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P
1. L o w d i e t a r y l e v e l o f tryptophan,
well as esophagus become distinctly inflamed.
2. Niacin may be present in
5. Niacin deficiency in the hen
bound form in feeds that may not be
results in weight loss, reduced egg
available to the birds (rarely
production as well as a marked
happens with commercial poultry diets) 3. Presence of anti-nicotinic acid compounds such as pyridine3-sulfonic acid, 3-acetylpyridine, 6-aminonicotinamide and isonicotinic acid hydrazine etc. leads to deficiency. Deficiency symptoms Deficiency symptoms are particularly likely in poultry if diets with a high maize content are used, since maize is deficient in niacinand also in tryptophan. 1. Severe metabolic disorders of the skin and digestive organs.
decrease in hatchability. 6. Turkeys, ducks, pheasants and goslings are much more severely affected with a niacin deficiency than are chickens.Their apparently higher requirements are likely related to their less efficient conversion of tryptophan to niacin. Ducks and turkeys with a niacin deficiency show a severe bowing of the legs and an enlargement of the hock joint. Prevention and control of niacin deficiency Niacin deficiency in chickens
2. First sign is usually loss of
may be prevented by dietary
appetite, retarded growth, general
inclusion of niacin at ≥30 mg/kg;
weakness and diarrhea.
however, many nutritionists
3. Deficiency of Niacin in
recommend 2–2.5 times as much.
chicks leads to enlargement of
An allowance of 55–70 mg/kg of
tibio-tarsal joint, a bowing of the
feed appears to be satisfactory for
legs, poor feathering and dermatitis
ducks, geese, and turkeys. Ample
on the head and feet.
niacin should be provided in
4. Its deficiency in chicks also results in black tongue. In this condition, at around two weeks of age, the tongue, mouth cavity as
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poultry diets so as to spare the utilization of tryptophan. Dietary requirement of niacin in broilers and layers (BIS, 2007)
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Article
Introduction Nicotinic acid is mainly found in plants, whereas, nicotinamide (physiologically active form) is a metabolic form of niacin found in animals. Niacin(Vitamin B3)can be synthesized from amino acid tryptophanin-vivo (except cat and mink). This shows that diet adequate in tryptophan amino acid can suffice the need of niacin. Metabolism of niacin Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are the derivatives of pyridine. Nicotinamide is an integral part of two important coenzymes: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); which are involved in hydrogen ion transferin living cells. NAD is involved in the oxidative phosphorylation system, TCA cycle and the metabolism of pyruvate, acetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, fatty acids and glutamateetc.NADPH acts as a hydrogen acceptor in the pentose phosphate pathway. Requirements of niacin As niacin can be synthesized in-vivo from tryptophan amino acids in birds, dietary incorporation will be needed only in the following conditions:
Broilers Pre-
Layers
Starter Finisher Chick Grower
starter Nicotinic acid,
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
Layer
Layer
phase-I
phase-II
20.0
20.0
20.0
Article
mg/kg (min.)
Broiler & Layer Breeders Chick Grower Layer Male Nicotinic acid, mg/kg (min.) 40.0
40.0
50.0
40.0
Dietary requirement of niacin in ducks and turkey (ICAR, 2013)
Ducks Starter Grower Rearer Layer Niacin, mg/kg 60.0
55.0
50.0
50.0
Turkey 0-6 week 6-12 week 12-18 week 18week pre-laying Breeder Niacin, mg/kg 60.0
60.0
45.0
40.0
40.0
Leg disorder in broiler fed niacin-deďŹ cient diet (left) compared to normal leg in broiler fed niacin supplemented diet (right).
Bowing of legs in ducks fed niacin-deficient diet
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Vitamin C an ANTISTRSS in Poultry Compiled By Dr. Sanjay Gapat and Dr. Rupesh Rane, PMT Alivira Animal Health LimitedThane (W), Mumbai Anti-Oxidant and as Photo protectant
temperature make poultry, especially meat-type,
Vitamin C plays major roles in cellular
fast-growing chickens, more susceptible to heat
antioxidant defences. Acts as an anti-oxidant not
s t re s s . D u r i n g ex p o s u re t o h i g h a m b i e n t
through reaction with all oxygen species but by
temperature, poultry face difficulties in maintaining
formation of dehydroascorbyl (particular inert
body temperature. Under stress conditions, avian
radical), and also by transferring radical equivalents
blood undergoes a change from acid base balance to
from lipid phases too.
alkaline balance. There is a drop in the plasma, decreased level of vitamin C in the adrenal cortex, reduction in lymphocytes and depression of immune response.This article provides information on the different roles of vitamin C in maintaining and combating stress factors in poultry.
Antioxidant activity of vitamin C protects against UV-induced damage caused by free radicals. Pro-oxidant and Improves Resistance to Infections Vitamin c as a prooxidant is unlikely to convert metals to create reactive oxygen species (ROS)in
Combats the Effects of Heat-Stress and Disease Stress Factors
vivo. Reduction of Fe3+ into Fe2+ improves iron assimilation by intestine and thereby improves
Vitamin C plays an important role in the biosynthesis of corticosterone which is a hormone that enhances energy supply during stress. Improves
resistance to infections. Facilitates Wound Healing and Involves in Maintenance
performance associated with the suppressed stress
Vitamin C facilitate wound healing by promoting
responses indicated by lowering of the plasma
keratinocyte differentiation, stimulating the
corticosterone level and adrenocorticotropic
formation of the epidermal barrier, and re-
hormone. Birdsadministered with vitamin Cshows
establishing the stratum corneum. It helps in the
more resistance to a combined Mycoplasma
maintenance of collagen which is a structural protein
gallissepticum and Newcastle disease virus infection,
for cartilage, bones, muscles, and blood vessels. It
and to primary as well as secondary E. coli
plays roles in shell's organic matrix formation
challenges.
thereby improves eggshell quality.
Alleviates Nutritional Stress
Boosts 'Immune System'
Heat-stress reduces the micronutrient intake by way of reducing feed intake, these micronutrients include vitamins A, C and E, which play important roles in the performance and immune functions of poultry. Vitamin C application through water improves uptake of micronutrients which results in better performance.
A high concentration of vitamin C are found in immune cells and is consumed readily during infections. Vitamin C modulate the activities of phagocytes, the production of lymphocytes and cytokines, and the number of cell adhesion molecules in monocytes.
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Article
The lack of sweat glands and relatively high body
Usage of Vitamin C as 'Antihistamine' Vitamin C is a natural antihistamine. It improves
Article
the detoxification of histamine and prevents its release. Plays Important Role in Sperm Production Vitamin C favours male reproduction by improving semen volume, motile sperm per ejaculate and total sperm per ejaculate. Many t r i a l s re v e a l i m p r o v e m e n t i n re p r o d u c t i v e performance in spite of environmental temperature fluctuations. Relationship of Vitamin C to Other Vitamins It is involved in the regeneration of vitamin E, and these two vitamins appear to work together in their antioxidant effect. Vitamin C reduces the toxic effects, due to excessive intake of vitamin A. Vitamin C serves as a cofactor for the bioconversion of vitamin D3 to its active form 1, 25- (OH) 2D3. Betamint®: An Ideal Antistress Formula Betamint®a product from Alivira Animal Health Limited is the best way to deal the stress. Betamint® st is 1 of its kind with liquid betaine fortified with
Vi t a m i n C , E l e c t r o l y t e s & M e n t h o l . I t i s mentholatedsolution, it enhances thirstiness of the birds and thereby it corrects dehydration by improving water consumption.Manufactured as per European manufacturing norms & thereby it assures quality.It is an ideal nutritional approach to correct or prevent Heat stress.Betamint® acts as an osmolyte and helps to retain water while electrolytes help to restore the hydro-electrolytic balance of the cell. The goal of osmotic regulation is to keep the cell volume as constant as possible. Betamint®assists Na+-K+ ATP as pumps of the cell membrane, which leads to sparing observable amounts of energy. Rehydrates birds and reduces wet droppings.Betamint® a rich source of Vitamin C helps to reduces stress, boosts immune system, favours male reproduction by improving semen volume.Betamint® is recommended to use as a preventive measure during stress syndrome,summer stress, period like transportation to slaughter house, post vaccination period, after arrival of chicks from hatchery (in first two days of life).
Eat Less and Better Meat and Dairy, Say Campaigners A powerful alliance of 52 organisations have set out their stall for how to eat meat and dairy more sustainably. Eating Better and its partners including Friends of the Earth, Sustain, WWF and Compassion in World Farming today release a report which sets out how a 'less and better' approach to meat and dairy is better for people, animals and the environment.
There is practical advice to help policy makers, food companies and the public put this approach into practice. It also details eight principles explaining how meat and dairy consumption impacts upon the climate, animal welfare, nature, health, worldwide access to food, effectiveness of antibiotics, resource use and waste and the livelihoods of farmers.
The report, Principles for Eating Meat and Dairy More Sustainably: the 'less and better' approach is well-timed, as the UK Government is currently consulting on a post-Brexit food and farming strategy. Eating Better is calling on DEFRA to integrate a less and better approach to meat and dairy into its plans, and to do more to encourage and reward farmers adopting more sustainable and higher welfare animal farming methods.
Eating Better's Executive Director, Sue Dibb, said: “Industrial livestock production is having a devastating impact on our health, animal welfare and the health of the planet. As people are becoming more conscious about what they eat, a less and better approach to meat and dairy provides a positive way forward.
The report sets out Eating Better's 'less and better' approach including a guide to assurance and labelling schemes to help people choose better meat and dairy.
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"But we urgently need the Government to play its part. Brexit provides a timely opportunity to put our livestock production and consumption onto a more sustainable footing and to support and encourage farming practices that benefit animal welfare, the environment and our health."
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Vitamin C an ANTISTRSS in Poultry
Press Release
Rossari Animal Health participated in following domestic & international trade exposed happened @ Q1 2018 th th India Poultry Expo, Nashik from 27 to 29 Jan 2018 with Stall No. B 41 & B 42 th th VIV MEA 2018, Abu Dhabi from 5 to 7 February 2018 with Stall No. B 145 th th Feed Tech Expo 2018, Pune from 8 to 10 February 2018 with Stall No. A 85 Paschim Banga Poultry Mela, Kolkata from th th 15 to 17 February 2018 with Stall No.B 49 B 54 VICTAM Asia 2018, Bangkok, Thailand from th th 27 to 29 March 2018 with Stall N0. A014 Rossari's stall at the mentioned events had been visited by several Indian as well as international eminent customers. The events provided an excellent opportunity to interact with various stakeholders of Poultr y industr y (Poultr y farmers/breeders/integrators/consultants/channel partners) & discuss the Rossari Animal Health product solutions of Poultry Business for different farming situations & requirements. Rossari is determined , to establish its strong foot hold at Animal Health Industry in future with its quality products, customer services & participation in industry gatherings in form of such trade events Brief Company Profile – Rossari Biotech Limited Rossari Biotech Limited is one of the leading manufacturers of specialty Enzymes & Chemicals in India having businesses in the Human Pharmaceuticals, Animal Health and Nutrition, Textiles, Paper and Construction Chemicals. Founded way back in June 1997 with a humble beginning, Rossari is now a leading player in the Textile and Construction Chemicals businesses in
India, rapidly growing at 25% annual CAGR. In last few years we have been felicitated with several prestigious awards
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Press Release
1. Bio- Excellence award conferred by the department of IT,BT and S&T – Govt. of Karnataka 2011 2. Won the Entrepreneur of the year 2011, award for manufacturing category initiated by Franchis India & UTV Bloomberg 3. Frost and Sullivan Best Practices award for Indian excellence in chemicals, materials, food etc in Industrial enzymes-2011 4. Nominated by ET Now for 'The Leaders of Tomorrow' award -2010 5. Corp Excel Award – that was given by Honourable Finance Minister Mr Pranab Mukherjee – 2009 For Rossari Animal Health Division, the company expertise has always been the enzymes, probiotics & disinfectants for which, we are the basic manufactures. We have a wide range of satisfied customer base which includes various leading corporate, feed mills, hatcheries, integrators & individual poultr y far mers. All our products are introduced only after stringent quality clearance process from DSIR recognized R & D Lab & the quality of the same has always
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Press Release
been demonstrated by our satisfied customer experiences Rossari Animal Health team participated at mentioned events Mr.Chari, Dr.Anish, Dr.Vishal, Dr.Sumanta, Dr.Aashaq, Mr.Sinha, Mr.Bagora, Mr.Mohite, Mr.Kumar and several other sales colleagues
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Egg Rate April 2018
Zydus AH updates on Total Mycoplasma Control Program, Trace Mineral Nutrition & Gut Health Management
Press Release
“ MS is outrunning MG as primary etiological agent for production drop especially in layers.” -Dr Susim Mukul RayPanchkula&Jabalpur, India (March 11 & April 13, 2018) –The complexity of diseases in poultry has increased in last decade. The opportunistic pathogens like Mycoplasma gallisepticum&Mycoplasma synoviae has evolved over the years and have been found to be the primary etiological agent for production drop especially in layers. Zydus AH has conducted robust epidemiological survey during 2017-18 through serosurveillance and is able to generate titer baseline values correlating with production drop/production%. In Jabalpur, the concept was unveiled by Dr Susim Mukul Ray, Group Product Manager along with local technical & sales representatives. Furthermore, Dr Ray has discussed on concept of trace mineral nutrition and way to reduce its excretion in poultry manure. The event
MS is outrunning MG as primary etiological agent for production drop especially in layers. -Dr Susim Mukul Ray
has seen the gracious presence of Hon'ble Prof. (Dr) J L Vegad, CEO & Technical Director, Technical, Sales & Marketing Team, Phoenix Group, nutritionist, integrators, breeder & layer farmers. Increasing thrust for restrictions on MFAs in developed countries have instigated hunt for newer alternatives & approaches in poultry. Zydus AH takes a leap ahead through the launch of ImprovalTM BFS - The Novel Solution for Total Gut Integrity.“The strategic combination of aerobes and anaerobes leverages proliferation throughout the gut and is key to total gut integrity.”
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Press Release
The strategic combination of aerobes and anaerobes leverages proliferation throughout the gut and is key to total gut integrity. -Dr Susim Mukul Ray
-Dr Susim Mukul RayIn Panchkula, the product was launched by Dr Susim Mukul Ray, Group Product Manager along with local Zydus AH Te c h n i c a l & S a l e s
Representatives. The events were attended by leading poultry consultants, nutritionist, broiler integrators, breeder & layer farmers and feed millers. “We are thrilled to unveil ImprovalTM BFS, the novel solution for total gut integrity by exploiting the
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invivo probiotic biology in chicken gut”, says Group Product Manager, Dr Susim Mukul Ray. “The poultry gut microbiome is poorly explained. We have taken the privilege of understanding the gut microbiome and harnessing the knowledge to an
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Press Release
innovative solution leveraging total gut integrity.”“The strategic combination of aerobes and anaerobes leverages proliferation throughout the gut and is key to total gut integrity.” -Dr Susim Mukul RayFor the first time ever, the concept of invivo probiotic biology in chicken gut has been illustrated and exploited for strengthening gut health. The attendees have largely appreciated the concept and were seen interacting during post launch Q & A session. The launch event was ended by vote of thanks to attendees and closing remark of Mr Kranti Kumar Bhalla, Divisional Sales
Manager -“On behalf of Zydus AH, it is indeed my pleasure to have your gracious presence and we thank you for joining us this evening. We express deepest sense of gratitude to all the attendees for making the event engaging and successful.”
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Choosak Namwong, vice
largest Cobb Asia events With booming export business to
president of Charoen Pokphand,
from its plant at Samutprakarn. British farmers should be the
commented: “Cobb is the breed
supplier of choice to the UK
the EU and Japan, Thailand's
of choice in the Asia-Pacific
poultry industry is growing
region and there is a good reason
market, says NFU The NFU has released its
rapidly, producing nearly two
for it. With the unparalleled
vision for a sustainable,
million tons of poultry meat in
support on technical service,
profitable and progressive
2017, according to a report from
Cobb is in the driving seat of our
future for farm businesses in
GIRA Meat Club. Charoen
industry.” The seminar covered a wide
response to Defra's consultation on a domestic
Pokphand and GFPT are both playing a significant role in this. “We are happy to be back in
range of topics including breeder
agriculture policy which
and broiler nutrition, female
Thailand to enjoy the hospitality
rearing and production
closes today The response makes the case for
of our customers,” said
management, MV male
a policy that allows British people
Mohammad Ismail, senior sales
management, hatchery
to enjoy more British food
director of Cobb Asia Pacific.
techniques and brooding
whatever their income. The NFU
“With the launch of MV male, we
has said the foundation of this
are seeing great broiler results in
principles. Charoen Pokphand Group is
policy is a partnership between
the field, which keeps our
Thailand's largest chicken
farmers and Government - a
customers ordering more
p r o c e s s o r, o p e r a t i n g f r o m
partnership where farmers are
chickens from Cobb. “C u s t o m e r s a r e r e p o r t i n g
grandparents down to meat
empowered to design and deliver
processing. With its ambition to
excellent feed conversion and
provide safe and high quality
change. The NFU has laid emphasis on
improved meat yield with the
protein foods for consumers
the three cornerstones it believes
Cobb MV male, which is proving
worldwide to support the rapidly
should not only be central to the
very adaptable to different weight
growing population and adapt to
future of farm policy but any
requirements, nutritional
changing trends, the company
transition period also. Those
programs and environments.” May Sirimongkolkasem, GFPT
places great importance on every
cornerstones, as published in its vision repor t last year, are
vice president, said: “Cobb has
step of its operations. GFPT produces and distributes
been a great partner for our
frozen chicken meat, processed
company as the product from
chicken and by-products under
environment. NFU President Minette Batters,
C o b b p e r f o r m s w e l l . We
customers' and its own brand
pictured above, said: “We are
appreciate the fact that Cobb
labels for domestic and overseas
now on the cusp of a pivotal
operates with transparency and
markets. In 2015 GFPT had a
moment, as we leave the
they always support us. This
chicken processing capacity of
Common Agricultural Policy and
seminar is a great source of
122,000 tons per year and
once again take sovereign control
information on chicken
cooked chicken products
production for our customers.”
capacity of 32,000 tons per year
of our agricultural affairs. “I am clear on what success will
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productivity, volatility and
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News
Bangkok seminar one of
look like. I want British farmers
progressive farm businesses.” AB Agri named one of the
shared values. “Our commitment to upholding these values, and encouraging
the UK market, and I want British
UK's Best Workplaces AB Agri Limited has been
our colleagues' passion for our
people to be able to enjoy more
recognised as one of the UK's
industry, creates the foundation
sustainable, quality, affordable
Best Workplaces in the latest
British food at a range of different
Great Place to Work survey It came 34th in the large category
for our Best Workplaces culture. “We are very proud to have
and growers to remain the
News
number one supplier of choice to
achieved a Best Workplaces
prices that suit all incomes. “A future farm policy could uplift
(500-plus employees) in the
British far ming's ability to
annual Best Workplaces ranking
produce food for the nation, giving us greater security in the
announced last night. This recognises AB Agri as having
award is a testament to them and
supply of safe, traceable and
a "high trust, high engagement
their ongoing commitment to
quality British food that the public
ensure AB Agri is a great place to
trust. The policy could further
workplace culture". The prestigious Best Workplaces
enhance our reputation for high-
awards, organised by workplace
work. “I'd like to take this opportunity to
welfare British food, which
culture consultancy Great Place
thank all our colleagues for their
delivers for the environment,
to Work UK, enable organisations
commitment to the company and
across the world. “Caring for our iconic
to celebrate their achievements,
to our customers.” Engage with far mers to
build their employer branding
ranking for the first year. “Our people are responsible for creating our culture and this
investment and growth in rural
and inspire others to take action. T h e a w a r d re c o g n i s e s t h e
areas is part of the unique and
strength of leadership and the
Defra Secretary of State At a joint NFU and Defra
irreplaceable role that British
range of innovative, creative and
consultation event on the
farming plays in society. It's the
effective people focused practices
government's 'Health and
bedrock of the UK's largest
that create a successful workplace
Har mony' command paper
manufacturing sector, food and
yesterday (30 April 2018), Mrs
drink, which provides 3.8 million
culture. José Nobre, AB Agri chief
Batters said that farmers must be
jobs and contributes £112 billion
executive, said: “AB Agri is
engaged and empowered to
to the nation's economy. “We're making the case for a
unique, our businesses operate
deliver the reforms that are
across the entire food supply
coming to ensure farming can
policy that respects the vital work
chain - from farm to fork. Our
of farmers as food producers, but
people are 100 percent
continue to benefit the country. The NFU has been urging its
also in delivering goods for wider
committed to influencing and
members to complete the
society, and for this to be
improving food production, so
Government's consultation and
rewarded fairly. Without this, we
that what we eat, and what we
has undertaken a nationwide
cannot expect to enjoy the
feed our families, is produced
series of meetings to gather their
benefits that come from
safely and sustainably. Our
thoughts, ahead of its own
sustainable, profitable and
culture is built around these core
consultation submission.
countryside and suppor ting
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deliver change, NFU tells
increasingly on food produced
comprehensive and sustainable
“Food production is at the heart
elsewhere in the world where we
agreement with the UK is needed.
of everything we do. While there
have little control over how it was
Duty-free trading must be a top
are a whole host of endeavours we turn our hand to - energy
produced. “During the last few months I've
priority.” President of the National Farmers
provision, rural tourism, business
been heartened to see a growing
Union of England and Wales,
services, environmental
enthusiasm for change - but there
Minette Batters, added: “UK farm
management - if we're not
remains understandable
businesses are the foundation of a
p r o d u c i n g f o o d w e ' re n o t
apprehension about the speed
thriving food chain that supports
farmers. “And as food producers, we
and scope of reform. “And this leads me to a critical
vital jobs and contributes massively to the UK economy.
deliver so much for the country
point. Farmers must be engaged
This is mirrored across the EU.
that sometimes goes
and empowered to deliver the
Inside or outside of the EU we
unrecognised - the management
refor ms that are coming.
need an environment that allows
of our treasured landscapes as
Otherwise there is a real risk that
us to be as efficient, innovative
occupiers of over 70 percent of
any future changes could be to
the UK landmass; growth, rural businesses as well as in our
the benefit of no-one.” As reported by the NFU We have a shared farming
and competitive as possible.” Chair man of AHDB, Peter of our food exports go to the EU
hugely successful food industry;
future after Brexit, say
and 70% of our food imports
and a secure and reliable supply
come from the EU. It is essential
of food, delivering affordable,
British and European farmers With less than a year until the UK
that we maintain a close
trusted and safe produce to all the
leaves the European Union,
relationship with our partners.
British public regardless of where
farming chiefs from Germany,
This is why I'm so pleased to be
they live or what their income is. “Not only is it important that this
Denmark, the Netherlands and
involved with this joint event with
the UK reiterated the need for
five EU agriculture
is recognised, but also that we
certainty for farm businesses at a
ensure, in an uncertain future, we
high-level seminar Brexit: Our
organisations.” Marc Calon, President of Dutch
don't take any steps that
Shared Farming Future. Leaders
farming union, LTO Nederland
undermine those high British
demanded that all politicians
agreed and said: “The UK has
food and farming standards -
prioritise the business of food
always been one of our most
standards we know the British
production during the Brexit
reliable trade partners and I hope
people value as much as we do. “We must also take a close look at
negotiations. President of German farmers'
we can continue this relationship
the standards of the food we
association (DBV), Joachim
important to make workable
import. It would be short sighted
Rukwied, emphasised that "The
agreements on product standards
to pursue a policy that reduces
link between the UK and the
and strive for frictionless trade.
British food production and
common market must remain as
This is especially vital for
means this countr y relies
close as possible. A solid,
perishable products like flowers
investment and employment in
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Kendall, said: “Nearly two thirds
after Brexit. It is fundamentally
25
News
At the event, Mrs Batters said:
News
and fruits and vegetables.” Concluding the event, President
applicable laws, rules, and
improving quality and safety
regulations of Thailand and the
food, starting from the animal
of the Danish Agriculture and
countries where CPF has
welfare at the farm. We believe
Food Council Martin Merrild said:
that the healthier the animals are,
"What we are asking for is a future
operation. In addition, the company will also
the lesser chance of drugs and
relationship that maintains a level
focus, not only on customers'
substance use. This principle
playing field between the UK and
requirements, but also on the
helps us to make sure of the safe
EU. This means protecting the
international standards of animal
and nutritional foods will be
standards - the product standards
delivered to us and our love
as well as the production
welfare. “This policy will be adopted by all
standards – on both sides of a
of CPF's businesses around the
ones.” Mr Sukhawat added. It also announced plans to move
future border. If this is achieved
world in the pursuit of excellent
toward cage-free table egg
we are able to continue to provide
animal welfare management. We
farming to provide more freedom
h i g h q u a l i t y, s u s t a i n a b l y
also hope that our success and
for layers to express their animal
produced food at competitive
experiences will be passed on to
prices to the consumers." CPF announces global policy
our partners in the other livestock
behaviors. It is important to note that the
and aquaculture businesses,” Mr
company's poultry business in
on animal welfare CPF has been implementing its
Sooksunt noted. The Company is working closely
Thailand has implemented an international standard of animal
welfare practices in accordance to
with its business partners to
welfare since 2000. The company
the Five Freedoms of Animal
ensure that all animals receive
will also apply the same standard
Welfare to ensure that farm
appropriate and humane
to all broiler and meat-type duck
animals will be free from hunger
treatment. Furthermore, it aims to
farms of overseas operations
and thirst, discomfort, pain,
cooperate with business partners,
which will be supervised by
injury and disease, fear and
gover nment agencies, civil
certified Poultry Welfare Officers
distress, and be able to express
society organisations, institute of
n a t u r a l b e h a v i o u r. T h i s i s
researches, including all
by 2020. CPF is the first Thai company to
because the healthy animal is the
stakeholders, to raise awareness
be accredited with Germany's QS
foundation of healthy foods. Mr Sooksunt Jiumjaiswanglerg,
of the principle of animal welfare. Mr Sukhawat Dansermsuk, Chief
Standard for the chicken production process. The standard
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) -
Executive Officer (CEO) - Food
signifies quality and safety in the
Agro Industrial Business and Co-
Business and Co-President, said
food-for-consumption
President, said as the leading agro
the policy reflects the company's
production line, acknowledged
industrial and food
commitment to produce safe and
by German as well as other EU
conglomerates, CPF adheres to
quality foods. It will convince
consumers. It also reflects strict
Responsible Farming and Food
consumer in quality and safety of
compliance with transparency in
Production. The company's farms and
every part in CPF's food supply
a production process, traceability
chain. “The company strives for
and animal heablth and welfare
operation will comply with
26
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by the company.
“The Guidelines provide a
report also shows how economies
developed its animal welfare
detailed look at implementing
of certain states will be hit hardest
practice continuously. Related
legislation across a range of
as a result. This new report is a
animal welfare activities are
scenarios. The contribution that
part of the ongoing effort by
reviewed by internal and external
foodstuffs no longer fit for human
Far mers for Free Trade to
auditors to ensure that all animals
consumption can make to animal
illustrate the negative impacts
have been treated [in accordance
feed, and ultimately the human
tariffs on American agriculture
with] this policy,” said CPF's Mr
food supply chain, is recognised. “UKFFPA members provide a
and amplify the voices of the
Somkuan Choowatanapakorn. The committee of animal welfare
valuable service and contribute to
has been assigned to set forth the
the Circular Economy in food
them. “The tariffs described in this
policies, goals, and to support,
within in the UK which is largely
report are a tax on American
assess and repor t to the
unrecognised. These Guidelines
farmers. They increase the cost of
company's executive committee.
provide a platform for increased
exporting, depress the prices of
The top management in each
harmonisation of the industry
farm futures, and end up hurting
business line will control and
across Europe and establish the
the bottom lines of farmers in
propel the administration in
valuable contribution made by
states across the country,” said
accordance with the policy and
the industry.” The Guidelines' objectives
Senators Richard Lugar and Max Baucus, co-chairs or Farmers for
include explaining and clarifying
Free Trade. “They also incentivise
the guidance of the company. EU guidelines give a boost to
many farmers who will be hurt by
former foodstuffs industry The Association, which
applicable legislation. They also
trading partners like China to
present 'best practices' that
look to other markets for their
represents companies processing
comply with the current EU
imports. That means trading
650,000 tonnes of former
regulatory framework without
relationships that took decades to
foodstuffs annually, believes that
unnecessar y administrative
develop can evaporate
the Guidelines
overnight. And as many farmers
industry in several ways. Paul Featherstone, who chairs
burden. Fa r m e r s f o r Fr e e Tr a d e
and trade experts know, once you
releases new report on the
lose an export market it doesn't
both the UKFFPA and the
effects of China-US tarrif
come back immediately, in fact, it
European Former Foodstuffs
often takes many years for trading
Association (EFFPA), which
wars on American farmers Fa r m e r s f o r Fre e Tr a d e , a
represents processors across
bipartisan campaign to rebuild
relationships to recover.” Some of the top states impacted
Europe, said: “This is a key
support for trade at the grassroots
include California, Iowa,
milestone, providing both
level, today released a new report
Washington, Missouri, and North
recognition for the industry and
highlighting the significant impact
Carolina. Retaliatory tariffs from
clarification. As the latest step in
Chinese retaliation from steel and
the Section 232 trade action on
developing the Circular Economy
aluminum tariffs will have on US
steel and aluminum are 15
Action Plan in Europe, it endorses
wine, almond, walnut, pork,
percent on all products excluding
the value of our sector within the
c h e r r y, a n d m a n y o t h e r
pork, which faces a 25 percent
food supply chain.
commodity producers. The
tariff.
will help the
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27
News
“CPF has launched and
News
Boehringer Ingelheim to invest €65 million in avian vaccines Boehringer Ingelheim has confirmed its commitment to the poultry business by announcing that it is about to invest €65 million into a high-tech building for the production of avian vaccines. The German group has laid the first stone of a 5,700 sq m building at its Lyon Porte-desAlpes (LPA) site. Known as F2IVE (Formulation and Filling of Inactivated Vaccines Extension), this major project will comprise a three-storey building - including 1,000 sq m of clean room space – mainly for formulating and distributing avian vaccines. “A s p o u l t r y c o n s u m p t i o n continues to rise around the world, there is an increasing demand for avian vaccines. This meant that our LPA production site in Saint-Priest was going to reach a saturation point by 2020. We had to do some forward planning and find additional production capacity”, explains Erick Lelouche, President of Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health France. The new building, which has an environmentally friendly design, will house two formulation lines, a multi-format bottle distribution line and a bag distribution area. Earthworks for the new high-tech building began in March 2018 with the first batches expected in
28
spring 2020 for a range of avian vaccines destined for the world market, with the exception of the US. Fifteen months after the acquisition of Merial (a Sanofi company) in January 2017, this new investment will lead to the creation of 42 new jobs, primarily consisting of qualified operations staff (flow and maintenance managers, production technicians). “This investment reaffirms our commitment to the poultry industry worldwide. We believe the poultry sector has a great potential and future, and we are prepared to invest so that our business can grow with it, ultimately becoming the world leader in poultry vaccines”, shares Jerome Baudon, Head of Strategic Business Unit Avian, Animal Health. This new investment will eventually result in a threefold increase in the site's inactivated vaccine production capacity. Asian food industry leaders put animal welfare on their agenda Humane Society International (HSI) recently hosted Indonesia's first corporate animal welfare roundtable, bringing together leading food service, restaurant and hospitality companies to discuss the global movement towards higher animal welfare supply chains, specifically with respect to cage-free eggs Public concern for egg-laying hen
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welfare has increased tremendously in recent years, and in response, food industry leaders in Asia and around the globe have committed to sourcing exclusively cage-free eggs. The roundtable, which took place on 5 April 2018 at Le Méridien Jakarta hotel, included among its speakers the head of the Southern Branch of the Vietnamese Depar tment of Livestock Production, Do Huu Phuong, who presented on the Vietnam livestock production sector's new and growing focus on animal welfare. Sodexo, one of the largest food service companies in the world, spoke on its global cage-free egg commitment and the steps the company is taking to complete this transition by 2025, including in Indonesia and throughout Asia. HSI presented on the scientific basis for cage-free egg production, the global trend towards higher animal welfare products and its partnerships with companies and governments to successfully transition to cagefree egg supply chains and practices. The roundtable was attended by representatives from Asian food and hospitality companies, both those that already have cage-free egg procurement policies, and those interested in adopting the policy, as well as officials from the Indonesian government and representatives from the
Indonesian Veterinary Medical Association.
Roshith Rajan, Sodexo's director of corporate responsibility for Asia Pacific, said, “When Sodexo made a worldwide commitment to source cage-free eggs a couple of years ago, we were the first in our sector to do so, in support of responsible and sustainable business practices. Today, it is heartening to see more than 200 companies from across industries joining the cage-free movement in making commitments and demonstrating where the market is headed. As a company that provides Quality of Life services to millions every day, we aspire to create a better tomorrow for everyone.”
MSD Animal Health continues its partnership with WeForest to promote a healthy planet MSD Animal Health (known as Merck Animal Health in the United States and Canada) today announced, as part of its
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commitment to a healthier planet on World Earth Day, its continued partnership with WeForest, an international nonprofit association engaged in largescale sustainable reforestation and reduction in plastic pollution. Through the partnership, MSD Animal Health will plant 20,000 trees this year in areas where they are most needed, including Brazil, India and Zambia. “We are proud to participate in WeForest's mission to restore the planet's natural resources by planting trees,” said Taylor Barbosa, DVM, Ph.D., ACPV, Executive Director, Global Poultry Marketing, MSD Animal Health. “Through this partnership and the use of novel technologies such as our e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y f r i e n d l y, Sphereon ® technology, MSD Animal Health is committed to environmental responsibility, in particular, working towards the offset of carbon emissions. With the help of poultry veterinarians and producers who use our products, we will continue to partner with WeForest in the years to come, planting even more trees.” ®
Sphereon is a novel vaccine formulation technology for the storage and preparation of live ® poultry vaccines. Sphereon technology freeze-dries live vaccines to small, highly soluble particles (spheres) that dissolve quickly and completely in water,
29
News
D a w n N e o, H S I c o r p o r a t e outreach manager for farm animals, said, “We're thrilled to host Indonesia's first corporate animal welfare roundtable and bring together forward-thinking companies that are committed to higher animal welfare standards in their supply chains. Humane Society International's mission calls not only for the improved treatment of animals, but for the support of companies as they i m p l e m e n t a n i m a l w e l f a re policies, and for greater collaboration among various stakeholders. We want to help ensure that companies have all of the tools and resources they need to make a cage-free future for laying hens a reality.”
In Asia and around the world, egg-laying hens spend their entire lives confined in wire battery cages, so small that they cannot even fully spread their wings. Science confirms what common sense tells us: the lack of space and restriction of movement is detrimental to the physical health of these animals and causes enormous frustration and suffering. Fortunately, the world is moving towards higher welfare cage-free production systems. The use of conventional battery cages for laying hens is banned or being phased out under laws or regulations throughout the EU, in five US states, in New Zealand, Bhutan and in the Australian Capital Territory. Officials in the majority of states in India, the world's third largest egg producer, have declared that the use of battery cages violates the countr y's animal welfare legislation, and the country is debating a national ban. Dozens of food and hospitality industry leaders including in Asia, such as Sodexo, Compass Group, Accor and Hilton, among others, have committed to sourcing exclusively cage-free eggs.
with no residue. Sphereon ® allows for improved preparation and administration of the vaccine, and is packaged in lightweight, 100 percent recyclable aluminium cups.
News
Are you using rodenticides correctly? Farmers, gamekeepers and pest controllers are being encouraged to undertake knowledge updates to maintain their professional competence in the use of stewardship-label rodenticides In its response to UK Rodenticide Stewardship's 2017 annual report, the Government panel that oversees the regime says continuing professional development (CPD) is particularly important: "Management of environmental risks relies on high levels of knowledge among those who use rodenticides outdoors, in order to limit the potential for secondary poisoning of non-target species and other unintended exposure." Fr o m t h e C a m p a i g n f o r Responsible Rodenticide Use, the body that co-ordinates stewardship implementation, chairman Dr Alan Buckle explains that obtaining a trainingbased certificate of competence or stewardship-approved farm assurance membership is not seen as a lifetime pass. He confir ms that the regime's Training and Certification Work
Group is currently drawing up CPD materials for all rodenticide user groups. O t h e r re q u i re m e n t s i n t h e Government panel's response paper include starting to monitor liver residues of rodenticides in the red kite, as a sentinel of scavenging species, in addition to the barn owl that takes live prey. The paper confirms, "the Rodenticides Stewardship Regime is fit for purpose". It acknowledges new standards adopted by stewardshipapproved farm assurance schemes, the 2018 programme of BASIS store audits, and supply of all requested monitoring data. It also reaffirms that, "Government scrutiny will focus on the extent of any behavioural change among those operating in the sector and the measurable effect this has on residue levels in non-target animals. Government will fully evaluate the regime after five years of operation at the latest." That deadline is in 2020. Sri Lanka's leading poultry company investing in hatchery infrastructure Delmo Chicken and Agro (Pvt) Limited, one of Sri Lanka's leading poultry production and processing company with its range of products marketed throughout the island under the brand name Delmo, has stepped up on a major upgrade in its capacity
company has built one of Petersime's state-of-the ar t hatcheries which has a 500,000 d a y- o l d c h i c k s p e r m o n t h capacity. The building of this hatchery is meant to emphasise the country's leading role in modern production in the South Asian region. Delmo, reports the Daily News, started its broiler production from backyard operations and has grown into one of the country's largest production companies. Brazil responds after EU ban on poultry imports After suspending 20 processing plants in Brazil from exporting meat to the EU, the Associação Brasileira de Proteína appeals to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Urging Europe to reconsider the ban, Brazilian Minister of Agriculture Blairo Maggi said, "They are taking advantage of taking us out of the market due to sanitary concerns, which are unfounded," reports Global Meat News. According to Food Navigator, the vote, taken last thursday, was unanimously in favour of the ban on imports from 20 of Brazil's processing companies owing to flaws in the country's control system. It's reported that following the BRF investigation, exports of chicken have seen a decline of 9.7 percent.
The Daily news reports that the
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31
Brooding - Temperature Management G.K.RATHINAM Hatchery Specialist, Technical Consultant, India one part protein. If early feed
temperatures are vital to ensure
consumption is limited, the chick
chick activity. Pre-heating is
will use both fat and protein in the
important and begins at least 24 to
yolk for energy leaving inadequate
48 hours prior to placement, even
protein levels for optimum growth.
As illustrated in the
during summer. This will ensure
Always use bird behavior as an
temperature guide, chicks from
the litter temperature is at least
important guide to gauge comfort
smaller eggs (younger breeder
32°C (90°F), with the air and
levels.
flocks) require higher brooding
internal structures adequately heated at placement.
Comfortable chicks breathe through their nostrils and will only
until they are fully feathered at 25 days of age. See the following temperature guide:
temperatures, about 1°C more for the first fourteen days.
Failure to achieve this target
lose 1–2g of moisture in the first 24
If humidity is less than the
will reduce activity and lower feed
hours. A chick that pants can lose as
guide, increase temperature 0.5 to
consumption, so the grower will
much as 5–10 grams of moisture in
1°C (1°F). If humidity is greater
lose the opportunity to quadruple
the first 24 hours. Dry bulb
than above, reduce house
day-old chick weight in the first
temperature, air movement and
temperature by 0.5 to 1°C (1°F) for
week.
relative humidity are linked.
the 1st 14 days.
A newly hatched chick cannot
An increase in relative
Careful consideration of the
control its own body temperature
humidity will reduce moisture loss
five essentials driving early feed
until fully thermo-competent at 14
but can also reduce the chicks' heat
consumption and growth will
days old. Their core temperature
loss capabilities, so correct
ensure the grower captures the
ranges betw een 40 to 41°C
temperature & RH is vital (a lower
maximum potential of the least cost
(104–106°F), increasing to
RH% requires a higher dry bulb
advantage provided by the
41–42°C (106–108°F) by 5 days of
temperature). Furthermore, chicks
Cobb500.
age.
are very sensitive to air movement
A core temperature above 41°C (106°F) post hatch will lead to panting and below 39.5°C (103°F)
Age (days)
Relative Humidity %
0 7 14 21 28 35
30-50 40-60 40-60 40-60 50-70 50-70
reduced activity and low feed consumption. Remember to always measure a chick's core temperature when it is completely dry post hatch. A yolk sac contains 1–2 grams of moisture, with two parts fat and
30
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Temp deg C chicks from <30 wk. parents 34 31 27 24 21 19
Temp deg C chicks from >30 wk. parents 33 30 27 24 21 19
Article
Correct litter and ambient
Article
32
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Article
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33
Hormones In Poultry Production And Reproduction
Article
Tamizhkumaran. J1, Arun Bharathi. A 2 1 Contract Faculty, 2 Consultant Veterinarian , 1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumabapet, Pondicherry – 605 009. The Endocrine system consists of
2.
various glands and nodes which
Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid
tuberalis in birds which releases:
secrete hormones. Hormones are
3.
Natural Growth Hormone, Thyroid
chemical messengers which travel in
thyroxine, Thyroxine.
Stimulating Hormone,
the blood to activate specific tissues,
4.
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
cells or organs (referred to as target
Parathormone, Calcitonin.
(ACTH), Sex hormones (Luteinising
cells or organ). These target cells have
5.
Hormone (LH) and Follicle
special receptors, into which only
Insulin, Somatostatin.
Stimulating Hormone (FSH)) whereas
certain hormones can fit. Birds have a
6.
neurohypophysis (Posterior pituitary
complement of endocrine organs
Progesterone, Androgen.
gland) consists of pars nervosa which
which includes the Pituitary-
Hypothalamus:
produces arginine vasotocin and stores
hypothalamus complex, gonads,
It is a relatively small structure
oxytocin both of which play a role in
pancreatic islets, adrenal gland,
occupying 3% of the brain volume,
egg yolk release.
thyroid gland, parathyroid glands,
forms the large portion of ventral
Growth Hormone:
ultimobranchial glands (producing
Diencephalon. In the anterior
GH is directly synthesized by
calcitonin) & the endocrine cells of the
hypothalamus, the most prominent
somatotrophs in the caudal lobe of the
gut. In addition to the classical
cell clusters include preoptic nucleus,
anterior pituitary gland in poultry. GH
endocrine glands, hormones are
supra optic nucleus & para ventricular
acts specifically on the growth of
produced by other organs including
nucleus, while those in posterior
immune tissues in birds. The release of
the pineal (melotonin), liver (insulin
hypothalamus include medial
GH from somatotrophs in the chicken
like growth factor I) & kidney (renin,
posterior hypothalamic nucleus &
pituitary is controlled by the
1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3,
infundibular nucleus complex.
following:
erythropoietin).
Hypothalamus produces the releasing
The number of somatotrophs;
Endocrine Glands & Hormones:
hormones which act on pituitary gland
The amount of GH available to be
1.
for releasing of hormones.
released,
I.) Anterior pituitary gland:
Pituitary gland:
Stimulatory control by hypothalamic
a.) Gonadotropins (FSH, LH)
The pituitary gland is intimately
peptides such as GH releasing
b.) Thyrotropin ( TSH)
connected to hypothalamus at the base
hormone (GHRH), thyrotropin
c.) Growth hormone (GH)
of the brain which regulates the
releasing hormone (TRH), ghrelin
d.) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
secretion of pituitary hormones. It
(Hunger hormone).
(ACTH)
secretes hormones which are essential
Inhibitory control by the
e.) Prolactin
to normal metabolism or which
hypothalamic and peripheral
II.) Posterior pituitary gland:
coordinate other endocrine glands.
somatostatin, together with negative
a.) Mesotocin or Arginine Vasotocin
Adenohypophysis (Anterior pituitary
feedback by insulin-like growth factor
34
Pituitary gland:
A d r e n a l
g l a n d :
Thyroid gland: Tri iodo Parathyroid gland: Pancreatic islets: Glucagon, Gonads: Oestrogen,
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gland) consists of pars distalis & pars
T3 & T4 in the plasma reduces the
include Epinephrine plays a role in
GH increases the release & synthesis
growth in birds. Hyper- &
controlling blood pressure and
of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
Hypothyroidism of genetic or
Norepinephrine involves in fat
and triiodothyronine (T3), thereby
nutritional origin, growth retardation
metabolism.
responsible for growth of the birds. Pineal Body:
may occur.
Corticosterone:
i)
Triiodothyronine â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Involved
It is the major glucocorticoid and has
The pineal gland is a neurosecretory
in feather (and beak and skin)
marked effects on carbohydrate, lipid
gland which is innervated by
development & may be involved in the
and protein metabolism in birds.
sympathetic nerves and is located deep
moulting process.
Production of corticosterone is
in the brain, anterior to the cerebellum.
ii)
Thyroxine: Regulates
stimulated by ACTH and other
Melatonin synthesis is inhibited by the
carbohydrate metabolism, heat
hormones including calcitonin. The
nerve impulses to the pineal gland;
production and promotes high blood
glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is
The frequency of impulses is inversely
sugar and growth.
expressed in multiple tissues in the
related to the amount of visible light
Metabolic effects of T3 chickens
chicken including the liver and
reaching the retina of the eyes. In
include the following:
anterior pituitary gland.
poultry, the pineal gland is probably
T3 increases heat production. When
Carbohydrate metabolism
responsible for circadian rhythms
chicken expose to cool environmental
Effects of corticosterone on
(24hour cycles) in physiological
temperatures, there will be increase in
carbohydrate metabolism include the
activity. So the Pineal body has been
concentrations of T3 and increase
following:
described as a 'biological clock' and
thermogenesis. The amount of adipose
Increasing circulating concentrations
part of it function is to alert the
tissue in chickens is related to thyroid
of glucose if depressed in circulating
hypothalamus as to when to release
status (i.e) in case of hypothyroid
concentrations of glucose is observed.
certain hormones.
chicken, there will be increased
Increasing circulating concentrations
Thyroid gland:
adipose tissue whereas reduced
of insulin.
Thyroid gland located in the neck
adipose tissue in hyperthyroid
Decreasing circulating concentrations
region of the birds that produces
chickens.T3, together with insulin,
of nitric oxide.
thyroxine and triiodothyronine
elevates the rate of lipogenesis in
Increases breast muscle glycogen
hormones by the stimulation of TSH.
Despite the marked effects on glucose
Thyroid releasing hormone originates
chicken. Adrenal Glands:
metabolism, circulating
in the hypothalamus which causes the
These are a pair of small glands, some
concentrations of lactate are
release of Thyroid stimulating
9mm long, located in front of the
unchanged in chickens receiving
hormone from pituitary gland. The
kidneys. They have two regions, the
glucocorticoid administration.
thyroid glands receive an abundant
adrenal cortex and the adrenal
Protein metabolism
supply of blood from which they are
medulla. The cortex produces 2
The effects on corticosterone on
able to capture iodine for the synthesis
hormones namely Corticosterone that
protein metabolism include the
of hormones which contain three or
involves in stress reaction, protein
following effects reported in chickens:
four iodine atoms. In poultry, normal
breakdown, fat and carbohydrate
Depress in body weight, and
growth rate requires critical or optimal
metabolism and Aldosterone that
concentrations of T3 and perhaps T4
regulates sodium retention. The
Increasing net breakdown of muscle
also. Decrease in the concentration of
medulla produces two compounds
protein due to both decrease in
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particularly breast muscle weight
35
Article
1 and triiodothyronine.
Article
synthesis and increase in degradation
that regulates calcium levels in blood
inhibit the secretion of PTH.
of protein
and bone whereas the other circuit is
Pancreas:
Decreasing circulating concentrations
mediated by the hormone calcitonin
Islets of Langerhans: This group of
of total amino-acids and increases the
produced from the Ultimobranchial
specialized cells is located in the
concentration of urates. These are
bodies which are located behind the
pancreas. It produces hormones
indicative of both increases in
parathyroid glands. These are two
namely A cells - Glucagon: Raises
deamidation of amino-acids and
assisting bodies located behind the
blood sugar, and affects fatty acids; B
consequently of gluconeogenesis.
thyroid glands. Parathyroid hormone
cells - Insulin: Lowers blood sugar; D
causes the mobilization of calcium
cells â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Somatostatin and F cells -
perfused liver.
from bone and controls the calcium
Pancreatic polypeptide
Lipid metabolism
level in the blood but Calcitonin
Insulin
Corticosterone has marked effects on
causes the inhibition of calcium
The principal effect of insulin on
lipid metabolism including:
release from bone, thus calcitonin and
carbohydrate metabolism in the
Increase liver weight
Parathormone must be in balance.
tissues sensitive to insulin (except the
Increase hepatic lipogenesis
T h e p r i m a r y t a rg e t o rg a n s o f
liver) is to allow the transport of
Increase abdominal and subcutaneous
parathormone are kidney & bone.
glucose across the cell membrane.
adipose weight
During egg laying cycle, PTH
Generally, insulin promotes fat
Increase circulating concentrations of
functions in the resorption of calcium
deposition and protein synthesis. The
non-esteriďŹ ed fatty acids
from medullary bone. PTH secreted in
result of insulin activity is lowering of
Increase circulating concentrations of
response to Hypocalcemia condition
the blood glucose concentration in the
triglyceride and very low density
and thereby it decreases the calcium
blood. Insulin responds readily in the
lipoprotein
excretion in the urine and increases the
liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and
calcium resorption from bone. PTH
leukocytes, whereas in the brain,
(LPL)
regulates vitamins D by stimulating 1-
kidney, intestines, and erythrocytes
Immune effects of corticosterone
hydroxylase activity & inhibiting 24-
show little response.
Corticosterone reduces the weights
hydroxylase activity in the renal
Glucagon
(weights as a percentage of body
cortex, thereby enhancing the
Its activity is elevation of the blood
weight) of the bursa Fabricius and
production of the calcium-regulating
glucose concentration. This is
s p l e e n . O t h e r e ff e c t s i n c l u d e
hormone 1,25 (OH)2 D3 to increase
achieved by the activation of
increasing the heterophil and
calcium absorption from bone.
adenylcyclase in liver cells, which in
lymphocyte (H/L) ratio in the
Vitamin D3 increase small intestinal
turn stimulates phosphorylase and
circulation. Corticosterone increases
absorption of calcium.
results in the breakdown of glycogen.
expression interleukins-1 beta, IL-6,
Calcitonin(CT) appears to control
In addition, glucagon increases
IL-10, IL-12 alpha and IL-18.
hypercalcemia & to protect the
gluconeogenesis, increases metabolic
Parathyroid Glands:
skeleton from excessive calcium
rate, and stimulates lipolysis. Another
In poultry, there is a small parathyroid
resorption by decreasing calcium
action of glucagon is stimulation of the
gland at the posterior end of each
resorption. When body demands for
secretion of insulin and of
thyroid. The parathormone produced
c a l c i u m a r e l o w, t h e m a j o r
somatostatin.
by the parathyroid glands forms one
hydroxylation of 25(OH)D3 to
Somatostatin
circuit of a double feedback system
24,25(OH) 2 D 3 takes place which
Somatostatin is an inhibitory agent to
Increasing gluconeogenesis by
Increase adipose lipo-protein lipase
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POULTRY VALLEY
pigeons and doves. In other avian
which include the oviduct, excurrent
circulation and to moderate the
species, prolactin is related to
duct system, and associated cloacal
metabolic effects of insulin, glucagon,
incubation behavior (broodiness) and
structures, are also critical to
and growth hormone. In this regard,
to inhibition of ovarian functioning.
reproductive success.
somatostatin inhibits the secretion of
Hormonal control of growth:
The male and female avian
insulin and glucagon. Also, as a
In poultry, the two major hormones
reproductive systems are regulated by
moderator, it inhibits the secretion of
required for the full expression of
the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal
gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin,
growth are GH and T3 stimulated by the
axis. The hypothalamus produces a
pancreatic exocrine secretion, and
anterior pituitary gland. The effects of
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
gastric acid. Somatostatin also
GH and thyroid hormones are
(GnRH) that stimulates pituitary gland
moderates gastrointestinal motility
mediated by hepatic production of
production of luteinizing hormone
and the absorption of glucose. Gonads: Gonads or reproductive organs produce these hormones namely Testosterone, Progesterone that stimulate LH surge and Oestrogen. The functions of oestrogen are Stimulate the calcium deposit in medullary bone Development of plumage production of yolk precursors Development of reproductive tract Development of other secondary sexual characteristics
insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
(LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone
IGF-I stimulate growth rate in
(FSH), which in turn regulate ovarian
chickens. Moreover, it increases the
and testicular function. Gonadal
skeletal muscle mass and elevated
steroids, primarily testosterone,
rates of protein synthesis and
estradiol, and progesterone return to
depressed rates of degradation.
the central nervous system through the
Glucocorticoid hormones including
bloodstream and provide a feedback
the endogenous avian steroid,
regulation of hypothalamic GnRH
corticosterone, and the synthetic
production and release.
dexamethasone depress growth by
The thecal and granulosa cells are the
depressing IGF-1. Other hormones
primary sources of the steroids
Arginine vasotocin (AVT):
such as estradiol and testosterone can
produced by the ovary. Progesterone
It stimulates uterine contractions
have marked effects on growth.
are secreted by the large follicles
during oviposition. Like oxytocin in
Glucagon-like peptide 2 increases
stimulates the preovulatory surge in
mammals, AVT is released from the
growth in chickens. The major
gonadotropins and small follicles that
posterior pituitary, and its plasma
circulating androgen in birds is
are in initial stages of development
levels rise significantly shortly before
testosterone. Testosterone acting via
(primary follicles) produce
and peak during oviposition as it helps
conversion to 5α Dehydro-
proportionally greater amounts of
in the regulation of uterine
testosterone (DHT) depresses growth
estradiol. Oviposition is initiated by
contractions.
in chickens.
preovulatory endocrine control and
Prolactin
Hormonal control of reproduction:
also it requires the coordination of
In birds, the actions of prolactin are
Endocrine and behavioral components
muscular activity of shell gland
related either to reproduction or to
of reproduction are directed by the
controlled by the hormones like
osmoregulation. Prolactin is also
hypothalamus in response to
Prostaglandin E2, Prostaglandin F2α
thought to be involved in the control of
environmental triggers, such as
& arginine vasotocin. Prostaglandin
metabolism and growth in some birds.
photoperiod. The primary components
F2α, arginine vasotocin cause smooth
Prolactin stimulates the production of
of the "integrated" reproductive
muscle contraction & Prostaglandin
"crop milk" and the proliferation of
system are the hypothalamus, pituitary
E2 cause relaxation of vaginal
mucosal cells of the crop sac gland in
gland, and gonads. Accessory organs,
sphincter.
POULTRY VALLEY
37
Press Release
slow the output of nutrients into the
Press Release
36
POULTRY VALLEY