Dorssier negotin

editing Doc. Zoran Đukanović Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade Prof. Arnaldo Bibo Cecchini Architettura ad Alghero, Universita degli Studi di Sassari

assisting Jelena Marić ass. / Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade Predrag Jovanović ass. / Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade Nađa Beretić PhD student / Architettura ad Alghero, Universita degli Studi di Sassari

design Jelena Marić Predrag Jovanović

Belgrade, Aprile 2015

Dossier Negotin

DOSSIER NEGOTIN

Content

INTRO...................................................................1

CHAPTER 1 Characteristics of Negotin municipality..............6

CHAPTER 2 Potential of ...

Negotin Wine cellars......................10 Rogljevo.........................................13 Rajac..............................................13 Smedovac......................................13 Ĺ tubik.............................................13

CHAPTER 3 The Project.........................................................14

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Negotin Municipality - the discussion of future collaboration (left to right: Ass. Prof Zoran Ä?ukanović - Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade; Prof. Arnaldo Bibo Cecchini - Architettura ad Alghero, Universita degli Studi di Sassari

DOSSIER NEGOTIN

Intro

DOSSIER NEGOTIN

Intro This report is a result of collaboration between the Municipality of Negotin and Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade that has started in 2011. Through several “Public Art and Public Space” elective courses, more than 100 students, from both levels of study. Bachelor students, as well as master students, were able to work on areas of the Negotin Municipality, especially on the famous wine cellars called: “Negotinske Pivnice”.

The Area of Negotin, with Danube orientation and enormous natural potential, was once best known for its wine production; until the 14th century and the arrival of the Turks. The stagnation in wine production caused the great deficit and many wine cellars are left abandoned, but the tradition of wine producing is still present waiting to be reinforced.

“Pivnice” are the extraordinary result of the unique “wine tradition” that has evolved and has been passed down from ancient times until today and constitutes the basis for the area’s social and economic structure. The heritage, cultural, landscape and architectural value, of Negotinske Pivnice, is widely recognized and currently, most of the wine cellars are under preliminary considerations for nomination of Negotinske Pivince into the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The team consisted of students, professors and experts, from Serbia and from abroad, visited the Municipality of Negotin firstly in September 2011. Strong bond between Faculty of Architecture and Municipality of Negotin was established immediately, and first results were made.

In July 2012, students presented their projects considering revitalization of wine cellars and rural areas. Presentations, with exhibitions “VinoGrad - The Art of Wine” was realized at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade and in the Negotin, as well.

The whole project was supported by GIZ (Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit), local Municipality of City of Negotin and local communities of wine producer’s villages.

According to the wishes of citizens of Negotin and wine producers, the exhibitions “VinoGrad - The Art of Wine” was repeated in March 2013 in Negotin After all, some of these projects were implemented.

Negotin Municipality - the discussion of future collaboration (left to right: Branko Milić - representatives of GIZ; Јован Миловановић - Major of Negotin Municipality; Ass. Prof Zoran Đukanović - Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade; Prof Dr Jasminka Cvejić - Faculty of Forestry University of Belgrade)

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DOSSIER NEGOTIN

Intro In May 2014, representatives from Negotin Municipality and from GIZ, have been visited Faculty of architecture in the aim to ask for academic support and help for their further plans. They were proposed a new phase of our mutual trilateral cooperation. According to that, in July 2014, Faculty has been organized a working trip to Negotin with an international, interdisciplinary team of professors and experts from Serbia and from Italy (from the Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade; from the Italian embassy in Belgrade; from the Faculty of Architecture, University of Sassari and from the Faculty of Architecture, Roma Tre University).

Finally, in March 2015, a big team consisted of students and professors from Faculty of Architecture and Faculty of Forestry (University of Belgrade) and professors and experts, from Italy (Faculty of Architecture, University of Sassari and Italian embassy in Belgrade) and Germany (GIZ), visited the Municipality of Negotin. Future collaboration was hardly encouraged. Faculty of Architecture has developed a “Participatory Urban Design” courses, on Master study level, that are dedicated to rethinking main problems of rural areas in Negotin, with special consideration of the wine cellars. Faculty of Forestry, Department of Landscape Architecture and Hotycultyre, with its professors and students are developing a “Study of the Cultural Landscape of the Wine Cellars region”. Our Italian friends have been kindly invited to help our activities and efforts.

Considering that the area of Negotin Municipality represents an important wine region, with great history, cultural tradition and heritage, the decision to involve Academic Institutions from Italy was crucial. Due to its evident similarity with Negotin area, which will be underlined in the further text, Alghero/Sardinia/Italy was considered as an excellent partner for providing “know how” in developing specific areas of Negotin Municipality.

Through surveys and meetings that took place during the visit in March 2015 we were able to present preliminary elaboration of our efforts in revitalizing abandoned wine cellars “Negotinske Pivnice”, and vision of the main aims of future collaborative and participative development.

Aims of future collaborations are several. Providing “know how” strategies for reviving economy in this area are an overall goal. The revitalization of the wine cellars, which have the highest cultural and historic value, but also the highest economic value, through different strategies and urban design projects, could be the first and one of the most important step in the urban renewal of rural areas in the Municipality of Negotin.

Alghero - town

Negotin - town

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Characteristics of Negotin municipality

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Negotin - cenetral area of the city

Chapter 1:

DOSSIER NEGOTIN

Chapter 1

The position of Negotin The Municipality of Negotin is settled in the northeast part of the Republic of Serbia, about 250 kilometers east of Belgrade, in the triborder region where the Republics of Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria meet. With a territory of 1.089km2, Negotin is the fifth largest place in Serbia, covering an area of 1,9% of Serbian territory.

History of the province The territory of the nowadays Negotin province, was inhabited even in the Stone Age. The results of the research of the archeological material found in Lepenski Vir, tell us that over 6 thousand years ago on the coasts of the Danube in Djerdap and its closest surroundings, lived people whose material culture was at an admirable level. Many people throughout the centuries have lived in today’s eastern Serbia, marking the development, progress and disappearance of their civilizations.

Rich historical and cultural heritage, including archeological sites from the neolithic, the remaining of the Roman culture from the period of “tetrarchs�, middle-aged monasteries as well as monuments of the newer history, which all together with the untouched nature and semi-developed village tourism, makes the municipality of Negotin one of the most attractive destinations in Serbia.

The city is situated in the central part of the municipality, at only 47 meters of altitude. The development of Negotin as an urban settlement begins in the late middle ages, and today it is a city with around 19.000 habitants. Although it is a small city, Negotin is known as a city with soul. It is traditionally attached to the wine, poetry and bravery, which can be felt by anyone who visits Negotin.

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Chapter 1 Population On the territory of 1.089km2 live 43.418 habitants that is 40 habitants on 1 km2, which makes the municipality of Negotin a seldom inhabited territory.

The municipality of Negotin is composed of 39 settlements (38 villages and Negotin), with a total of 16.597 homes. There are 38.070 habitants living in villages, out of which 25.660 habitants live in foreign countries, and 19.920 habitants live in the city. The municipality of Negotin has a large number of temporary employed workers in foreign countries, 14.572 habitants are not currently employed in Negotin province, according to a list of 2002.

The statistics show a decrease of the number of entire inhabitants in the municipality of Negotin in 13,1%, while the average in Serbia is 9,8%, in the period between 1991 and 2002.

The municipality of Negotin

43.418

Serbs

38.263

Montenegrian Yugoslavs Albanians

30

Bosniaks

4

Bulgarians Vlachs

Ethnic structure

91 106

47 3.000

Hungarians

13

Macedonians

68

Muslims

22

Germans

5

Roma

246

Romanians

269

Russians

6

Slovenians

9

Ukrainians

5

Croats

47

Other

999

The basic categories of the habitants according to the age structure show that significant part of the population are aged over 60 years and more, which shows that the municipality of Negotin is caught in the process of demographic aging.

The population of the Municipality of Negotin is also characterized by the following: low nativity, the rise of mortality and migrations (going to foreign countries and back). The first results of the last list made in 2011, show a similar trend in the decrease of the number of habitats.

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Chapter 1 Natural potentials The municipality of Negotn is mostly oriented towards agriculture, namely the production of grapes and wine. Around 1700 hectares of the municipality is covered by vineyards, which are used for the production of wine with a long tradition of 7 centuries. The production of quality wheat and vegetables is also very developed, and wide areas of woodland rich with herbs, mushrooms and other fruits of the wood, as well as a plethora of wild animals, altogether offer not only many possibilities for export of unique ecological products, but also for the development of hunting tourism.

The existing natural potentials - the land, geographical position, continental climate open real possibilities for a quick and dynamic development of agricultural, cattlebreeding and vineyard-orchard productions in the following period.

Natural potential of rural areas in Negotin - wine production and agriculture

The municipality of Negotin disposes of numerous natural potentials which, unfortunately, are not well used. Ones that are the most important, providing that they are better used, ones that can ensure the future development of the municipality, are the agricultural land sites, the woodland, the hunting-ground and numerous natural values and rare possibilities convenient for the development of tourism.

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Chapter 1 The Danube The Danube river is passing through the Negotin province in the length of 31 kilometers and offerings excelent opportunities for development of this region.

As the second longest river in Europe, the Danube represents the main part of the Pan-European Corridor VII - the main inland waterway transport corridor, as well as the area of development of the relevant port infrastructures and navigation fairway, which are necessarily situated on these inland waterways. The corridor VII is linking Western and Eastern Europe through the Rhine, the Main and the RhineMain-Danube canal. It connects the North Sea with the Black Sea crossing the 10 countries: Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and the Ukraine.

Use the enormous energetic potential of the Danube river, is well developed. In this region, there are two huge Hydroelectric Power Station, which was realized in cooperation between Serbia and Romania. One of the dams is in Negotin area.

This specific coastal area is characterized by attractive coasts, bays and its tributaries. It is abundant in the richness of the living world, namely 58 species of fish, out of which the most important ones are: the catfish, the perch, the pike, the chub, the barbell, the redstart, the bream, the carp, the sterlet and many others.

A few kilometers from Negotin, there is a beautiful sandy beach called Kusjak which the people of Negotin call their sea, therefore it is a favorite summer resort for the people of the Negotin province. Next to the beach there are many wellorganized sports centers.

But unfortunately, today, all these potentials are not as much used, as much they are offerings the opportunities to be used. Beside of energetic potential, all other greatest Danube river potentials and opportunities for development of transport, navigation, tourism, recreation, fishery, etc. are, or totally non developed, or very poorly used in Negotin, unfortunately.

Danube river / Danube corridor - pan european corridor VII / the Danube river orientation

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Chapter 1 The history of wine in Negotin The history of vineyards of today’s Serbian territory, is more than a thousand years old. The vessels from the Bronze and Iron ages, which was found in the frame of this territory, confirm that even in that age people knew about the wine.

Negotin is a part of a famous vineyard region called “Krajina”, known for its wine ever since the Roman time, possibly as early as in the 3rd century.

In the late 19th century, when the phylloxera epidemic devastated French and European vineyards, Negotin Krajina wines were exported to France, AustriaHungary, Germany and Russia. Its vineyards, planted on sandy terrain along the banks of the Danube, were not a¬fcted by the disease. Wine was exported using ships, via the Radujevac port on the Danube. The local consulate of Austria-Hungary coordinating these exports stayed operational until 1911. Then, it is noted that the wine from Negotin area was drank even into the noble Vienna, two centuries ago.

This intense wine trade prompted the creation of the first viticultural cooperative in 1890. In late 19th century, the Negotin Krajina evolved into Serbia’s biggest wine growing region.

Today it is a wine region with probably the biggest potential in Serbia. The terroir is the unique, with magnificent, extraordinary characteristic related to the wine production. The tradition of wine production is a long and deeply rooted into the local culture.

The Negotin province is in a pit, surrounded by mountains and has a continental climate. From the autochthones, old grape variety, like “bagrina”, “začinak”, “black tamnjanika” and “prokupac” are cultivated.

Unfortunately, during the last couple of decades of poverty, a lot of vineyards were cut down in Negotin region, and grapes were changed with other cultures – mainly it was converted to the forest land. Some of the autochthon grape species variety was almost disappeared (“bagrina” for example).

From the wine cellers in Negotin

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Potential of Negotin Wine cellars

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Rogljevo wine sellars

Chapter 2:

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Chapter 2 Serbia used to play an important role in the wine producing and vineyards.

Municipality of Negotin is well known for its production of wine. Unique type of the wine cellars, called “Pivnice”, represents a historic and cultural proof of the rich tradition of the wine producing in this region. Negotinske Pivnice are a rural compound (consisting of groups of wine cellars) which is located in the Negotin area, close to the boundary with Bulgaria and to the Danube river.

Preliminary considerations for the possible nomination of Negotinske Pivince into the UNESCO World Heritage List.

In the next chapter the segment from UNESCO preliminary consideration of Negotinske Pivnice is shown: Negotinske Pivnice represent an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement or land-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change. The ‘pivnice’ compounds are the result of a peculiar economic process of organization and management of the land. The historic and present meaning of the ‘pivnice’ as single buildings and as a complex can be understood and appreciated only in relation to their historic function and original purpose.

Such initial consideration should be taken as the foundation for both the description of the heritage significance and for drafting its future management strategy and operations.

Three out of four types of Negotinske Pivnice (wine cellars) are under preliminary consideration of the possible nomination into the UNESCO World Heritage List. Entering into the UNESCO list means to be recorded in a global list of cultural and natural outstanding heritage places. The list of sites and cultural landscapes related to wine production is already pretty significative and large as well, including, among the others the Tokaj region (Hungary); Saint Emilion, and, partially, the Loire Valley (France); Wachau (Austria); Ferto (Austria and Hungary); the recently inscribed vineyard of Langhe-Roero and Monferrato in Piedmont (Italy), and many more. Also cities like Bordeaux or Porto are linked to wine production, and their experience can contribute to future development of this specific area.

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Chapter 2 Typology Unique value and significance of aforementioned Pivnice can be reconsider from architectural, urbanistic, landscape, productive, historical and functional aspects.

Four main settlements are currently surviving from the whole original system of this type of wine cellars:

ROGLJEVO

RAJAC

SMEDOVAC

Ĺ TUBIK

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Chapter 2 Rogljevo These unique kind of wine cellars is built around a 19th century. The Rogljevo cellars (Rogljevačke Pivnice) are built close to the main village of Rogljevo, on the upper geographical position. It’s structured around the sacred tree and the common table. The compound is composed of around 122 structures, limestone-built mainly, of which only 40 are still in use today for wine making. About 8 of them have become taverns, exhibition or accommodation spaces. Each year number of people living in main village are decreasing. In 1863, when most of wine cellars were already built, there were 600 people living in Rogljevo, and vineyards were spread over more than 100 acres, with annual production of nearly 400 thousand liters. Today, that number has dropped to not more than 120 people that are now living in this area.

Rajac Rajac cellars (Rajačke Pivnice) are unique architectural complex of the wine cellars built in the 18th and 19th century. It is a compound of differently shaped wine cellars, belonging to the village of Rajac. It’s located 2km to the west of the village, on the upper geographical position, along the vineyards. The compound is densely clustered, built spontaneously, following the terrain. Cellars buildings are mainly built of the local limestone, covered with the old-fashioned tiles. It currently counts 169 structures with 166 cellars and 3 distilleries, of which 16 are in ruins and only 57 cellars are still used for making wine, while 19 have adopted other functions such as: taverns, accommodation, vinoteca, etc. This unique stone town has always been the habitat of wine.

Smedovac These cellars (Smedovačke Pivnice) are unique because they were built in the village Smedovac, without any separation, they are situated at the entrance into the village. These wine cellars, limestone-built, are on the “wine road” between Rogljevo and Rajac. In material and architecture they are very similar to cellars in neighboring villages, and certainly make the distinctive stylistic unity of cellars in the “wine road”: Rogljevo - Smedovac - Rajac. Štubik This compound of cellars is the oldest type of the wine cellars that were built. Once it’s numbering 400 structures. Today only 28 of them are left. Štubičke Pivnice are different from the other pivnice in this region. The cellars were built till the 1876. It’s currently presenting in general a bad state of conservation. The cellars are built on stone foundations with post and beam wall construction with timber frame filled and covered with mud mortar. These wine cellars are not in use today.

Currently the regional road cutting the compound in two sides.

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Chapter 3:

The Project

Problem According to the results of the interviews with people of Negotin, which we had a several time, during our recent field-research in Negotin area, it could be possible to conclude that the Negotin region is one of the most depressive areas in Serbia.

People said that there are many reasons for that: the glorious past is helplessly faced with a poor and depressive nowadays; dramatic decrease of the number of the inhabitants; municipality of Negotin is caught in the process of rapid demographic aging; high percent of unemployed people etc.

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Stidents from Faculty of Arcitecture, University of Belgrade in Štubićke Pivnice

It seems, the hope doesn’t live in Negotin anymore.

DOSSIER NEGOTIN

Chapter 3 On the other hand, Negotin region is obviously filled with the extraordinary possibilities for further development: excellent, unique wine terroir; the Danube river as the main pan-European highway; healthy soil; beautiful nature; high valued heritage; unique tradition; multicultural community; a lot of good people...

It seems that with a little help from good friends, the perspective for the better future should be more promising and desirable than it looks like today.

Goals, horizons and aims The main goal of this project and the future collaboration is to bring back the hope to the people of Negotin.

Although this goal could looks like too much poetic, after the very first view at the statistical data of thrends, levels and the reasons of emigration from Negotin to the other Regions, it would be obvious immediately, that hopeless people are emigrating becuse they need to find their missing “holy gral” of hope. Also, this hopeless homeland is the main reason why many of them, athough fighting with nostalgia, never come back home.

Integral revitalization of the Negotin Municipality should be enlightened from different aspects and participatory directed to the visible horizons. These HORIZONS, on which our goals are based, are: 1. Agriculture orientation (vineyard + wine + agriculture) 2. Danube orientation 3. Tourism orientation (wine roads, Danube, heritage, natural beauty, hunting) 4. Cross border cooperation The main ideas and integral visions are developed into the seven primary aims as follows: 1. Providing efficient business and knowledge environment, improving quality and optimize quantity of the wine and agriculture production 2. Reconstruction and revitalization of Negotin Wine cellars 3. Improving the quality and optimize quantity the tourism offerings of the region 4. Networking and connecting through the wider regional cooperation based on Danube orientation 5. Developing cross border cooperation with Bulgaria and Romania 6. Building up the capacity of local municipality – “know how” transfer and build up local municipality infrastructure for better government 7. Institutionalization of “city to city” cooperation with foreign “sisterhood cities” as a sustainable base for knowledge transfer and approach to international funds (Negotin+Alghero) These aims are nor a series of sequential steps, neither hierarchically ordered. They are of similar importance. They are overlapping in time. They have to be realized through an interdisciplinary and participatory approach, as wide as it’s possible.

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Chapter 3 1.

Providing efficient business and knowledge environment, improving quality and optimize quantity of the wine and agriculture production Region of Negotin has basic “know how” in the field of wine production, based on traditional procedures. On the other hand, there is a lack of knowledge in the field of accessing the market or development funds. “Know-how” transfer is a necessity.

Agronomic values, in the history and in the present times, of different ordinary grapes and typologies of wine can serve as a base-point for future development of wine production in quantity as well as in quality. The climatic conditions of the area and the agronomic changes and innovations introduced during the history (including for instance the set up of the school of viticulture in Negotin) and their effects in shaping and managing the land, represent another interesting aspect regarding cultural relevance in terms of value, and are directly showing the potential of this region to manage agricultural improvement as well as to produce better and more wine.

Production values are of great significance considered in relation to the whole communities that are using the cellars during all year. All the life of such places is in fact strongly centered on a real culture of wine and are intimately regulated by its production stages during different seasons. Such aspect of social life should be in depth investigated also as an essential information to structure a proper, sustainable business plan for the further development.

Negotin wine regions

Negotin wine roads

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Chapter 3 2.

Reconstruction and revitalization of Negotin Wine cellars Reconstruction and revitalization of Negotin wine cellars are an important step in this project, because it should serve as a serious TRIGGER for the wider future development.

The fact, that the Negotin wine cellars are under the Preliminary considerations for the possible nomination of Negotinske Pivince into the UNESCO World Heritage List, seems extremely important, not only because of the cultural point of view, but also because of the huge promotional impact, as much externally - out of Negotin, that much inside the Negotin - it strongly builds up the pride of the locals.

Students of Master courses at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade, are currently working on projects of reconstruction and revitalization of all four types of Negotinske Pivnice in order to check possibilities for improving the general condition of these wine cellars with a strong preservation of production of wine.

The work is trying to prepare both conservation and reconstruction plan, regarding different aspects of development, including various prepositions considering macro as well as micro interventions.

This works are realizing trough deep participation, involving all relevant stakeholders and locals in all phases of the decision making processes. This method provokes economic and cultural development, with main aim to offer the hope.

Abandoned wine cellars in Ĺ tubiÄ?ke pivnice

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Chapter 3 3.

Improving the quality and optimize quantity the tourism offerings of the region

Into the “Strategy of Sustainable Development of Negotin, for the period 2012 – 2021”, the municipality of Negotin attaches great importance to the development of tourism, as one of the priorities of local economic development. “Improving conditions for the development and promotion of tourism” is promoted as one of strategic objective with the highest priority. Tourist evaluation of existing tourist and transport infrastructure and tourism market; the formation of a unified tourist offer; formation of clusters in tourism; planning and constructions of missing tourism and traffic infrastructure; education and training of tourism workers; domestic and international promotional activities; financing of development projects, are list of the general aims and actions with which local government provides support and much of its capacity is directing towards supporting projects in tourism.

Negotinske Pivnice as a unique, incomparable settlements of wine cellars should be an important stop for every tourist visiting Eastern Europe and one of very important trigger for development of tourism in this region.

Proximity of River Danube should be the highest potential for development of tourism but, touristic and navigable infrastructure is very poorly developed. Lack of appropriate port leave Negotin beside of navigational tourism, unfortunately.

It’s a big defect, mainly because of a lot of cruisers, with several thousands tourists per year, which passing trough Negotin region without any retention.

On the other hand, huge artificial lake above the Hydroelectric Power Station looks line a perfect opportunity for different water-sports, but also has potential to be a port for hydro-airplane (seaplane), which would be the cheapest and fastest solution for solving problem of accessibility of this Region - related to far distance from the main airport in Belgrade.

Also, related to Danube, trough Negotin is passing Euro Velo 6 cycling pathway which is also called the “Danube route” because it’s followings one of the largest European rivers. “Eurovelo 6″ is roughly 3800 km long (665 km in Serbia) and runs from the Atlantic coast in France east across Europe to the Black Sea in Romania.

It’s also pretty big potential for development Negotin tourism.

Besides wine tourism, wine roads and the proximity of the Danube river, other qualities of Negotin region could represent basic potential for tourism development, such as: different important events and manifestation with cultural and entertaining character - especially related to music - Negotin has a great and famous music tradition; outstanding natural beauty; high valued heritage monasteries and ancient archaeological sites; excellent food and rural tourism; unique, calm character of this region; kind and welcomed people etc. There is also great potential for developing of congress tourism, hunting and fishing, sport and recreation tourism and so on.

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Chapter 3 4.

Networking and connecting through the wider regional cooperation based on Danube orientation Danube River, being the second largest river in Europe, passes through ten countries, including Serbia and represents the main connection to European countries.

The European Commission in June 2009 received a mandate from the EU Council to develop a joint comprehensive strategy for the Danube Region.

In December 2010, the European Commission adopted the final document of the Strategy and submitted it for approval to the Council of Ministers of the EU. With a Strategy document an Action Plan was adopted too. Finally, in 2011, the EU Council issued a conclusion in which all stakeholders are called to actively participate in the implementation of the Strategy. The contribution of Serbia in this Strategy is of great importance, hence Serbia will be one of the coordinators for two aspects of the Strategy - Science and Transportation.

Prior goals of EU for connecting through Danube Region are: to improve mobility, to encourage more cross boarding activities, to promote culture and tourism, people to people contacts, to preserve biodiversity, landscapes and the quality of air and soil, to improve the development of society through research, education and information technology, to support the competitiveness of enterprises, to include cluster development, to invest in people and skills strengthening the Danube Region and enhancing institutional capacity and cooperation.

Danube region / Pan-European Corridor VII / Industrial and agricultural production

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Chapter 3 5.

Developing cross border cooperation with Bulgaria and Romania Serbia boarders with Bulgaria and Romania, and Negotin province is located directly on the three-boarder area between these countries. River Danube and river Timok representing natural boarder and the connection will be catchment area for all of there three regions. Although river Danube and river Timok were state borders for centuries, there is a lot similarities among those three region: cultural, natural, economical etc. All those regions are, agricultural, Danube oriented and has a rich wine culture. In everyone of these three regions live multicultural societies. It’s possible to say that this three-border area is true “melting pot”, in which is melting and boiling a lot of opportunities for local mutual life.

European Union encourages cross border cooperation, and After the unification of Serbia in EU boarders between countries will fade and all the neighbor regions will strive to Danube River forming joint alliance.

6.

Building up the capacity of local municipality – “know how” transfer and build up local municipality infrastructure for better government Transfer of knowledge is crucial for building capacity of local municipality in Negotin.

• Serbia is a country in transition from a socialist regime to liberal capitalism - from controlled into a conditional market economy. Institutions of city governments, as well as small business entities are still not well adjusted for connecting to the global market.

• During a decade of isolation in the nineties Serbian economy has been destroyed and technological equipment is unsuitable, based on outdated traditional technologies.

• Serbia is in the front of the door of EU, but still has to harmonize inner state system with EU standards and procedure.

Consequently aid is crucial in the development of technology, as well as in the formation of modern management models, which need to be supported by the widest networking and know-how transfer of different fields of knowledge.

Following diagrams show possible networking strategy, which should to provide appropriate knowledge, business, political and financial network environment in the main aim to build up the capacity of local municipality of Negotin to fight with uncertain future and to provide a better condition for improving quality of life for their citizens.

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DOSSIER NEGOTIN NEGOTIN NETWORKING - NETWORKING RESOURCES

Chapter 3

The diagram below shows some of important stakeholders and resources and their current overleaped relations which are possible to correlate with Negotin development in the visible future. Some of these stakeholders and resources are already active in initialization of networking with Negotin municipality as well as with Negotin region.

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DOSSIER NEGOTIN NEGOTIN NETWORKING - CURRENT AND DESIRABLE LINKS

Chapter 3

The diagram below shows main current links among active stakeholders and resources related to recent and current activities of the Faculty of Architecure - University of Belgrade in Negotin region. Moreover, this diagram also shows desirable links, which would be useful, or even necessary to activate in next steps toward the initialization of network for development of the Negotin region. It’s obvious that impact of academic institutions is still very strong.

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DOSSIER NEGOTIN NEGOTIN NETWORKING - DESIRABLE CONDITION OF THE NETWORKING

Chapter 3

The diagram below shows desirable structure of links in the well developed network among all wished stakeholders and resources related to further developing activities in Negotin region. It’s obvious that the Municipality of Negotin has to be able to manage this well branched network. It is obvious that academic links with the municipality will become secondary, because, at this stage of the network development, the basic “Know How” transfer will be already successfully completed and will strat to bear fruits.

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Chapter 3 7.

Institutionalization of “city to city” cooperation with foreign “sisterhood cities” as a sustainable base for knowledge transfer and approach to international funds (Negotin+Alghero) After the first academic results that we have had with the municipality of Negotin, during March 2012, under the “Public Art and Public Space” program, it was clear that the municipality needed to go far-out of the frame of academic workload.

On May 2014, representatives from Negotin Municipality and GIZ, have visited Faculty of architecture to ask for academic support and help for their further plans.

Also, they mentioned that it would be useful to upgrade it with an international experience related to main aims for future development of the Negotin Region.

It was obvious that local Municipality was ready to start with the ambitious realization of guidelines from their, top actual and new “Strategy of Sustainable Development of Negotin 2012 – 2021” and “Rural development strategies municipality Negotin 2013 – 2018”, and that they needed foreign experience to reach knowledge and funds for their realization.

Whom of international partners to choose, according to Negotins’ needs, but also according to availability of Facultys’ international network as well?

Development guidelines, which are pointed in aforementioned strategies, are cleverly oriented mainly to the development of agriculture, wine production and tourism. On the other hand, Facultys’ network reaches a lot of countries and academic institutions from all around the world. Among all of these countries and in relation to Negotins’ development guidelines, it is obvious that Italian experience would be more than appropriate to offer to Negotin.

Italy is not so far. Italy is more than famous for its agriculture, wine and overall the tourism. Faculty of architecture already has very well developed academic cooperation with several referent Italian institutions and with the Italian embassy in Belgrade, as well. But also, it was necessary to find an appropriate Italian partner who would be interested in this cooperation, for whom Negotin would be “visible” and acceptable for such a long collaboration.

After all, our decision to invite our friends from Alghero / Sardinia / Italy was more than appropriate. Counting on a lot of obvious similarities between these two cities, it was expected that Negotin would be visible for Alghero.

According to this decision, in July 2014, Faculty has organized a working trip to Negotin with an international, interdisciplinary team of professors and experts from Serbia and Italy (Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade; Faculty of Architecture, University of Sassari; Italian embassy in Belgrade; Faculty of Architecture, Roma Tre University).

It was a great chance to introduce each other with the new government of the Municipality of Negotin and to start with a discussion about the future cooperation.

It was very short, but very successful trip, full of mutual trust, which has widely opened the door for our further works.

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Chapter 3 Similarities between Alghero and Negotin are numerous. Both cities have around 40.000 inhabitants, that are living in very diversed multicultural communities.

Both cities are “cities on the edge” – on the edge of their countries, but also on the edge between the coast and the big water (Tirrenian sea and the Danube River). Both cities have a unique terroir with a long tradition of vineyards and wine production and specific architecture of wine cellars. Both cities are agriculturaly based with strong orientation to tourism. Both regions have high valued heritage and extraordinary archeological sites, as well as magnificent natural beauties.

Additionally, during the sixties, Alghero looked even more like Negotin nowadays.

Tourism wasn’t developed as today, agriculture production was oriented only to cover local needs, wine production was oriented to quantity, not to quality.

But, to be honest, among all these similarities, there are even more differences between these two cities in frame of same characteristics.

Alghero is very well developed tourist city with highest total income from tourism in Sardinian region. Oppositely, tourism in Negotin is underdeveloped in relation to excellent possibilities of belonging region. Algherian wines are worldwide known by their quality and quantity as well. Negotin wines are famous in Serbia, but not abroad (honestly, quality of the best Negotin wines is mediocre); this is the price of poverty. Alghero is one of most agriculture oriented and developed region in Sardinia; agriculture products from Alghero are very high in quality, especially regarding olive oil and citrus fruits. Negotin agriculture is not well developed in relation to fertile soil around the Danube and Timok river. Another problem in Negotin in this field is the lack of young workers. This is the price of poverty and high emigration.

All these similarities and differences, between the city of Negotin and the city of Alghero gave birth to another important idea about official institutionalization of sisterhood of these two cities. In this way, new possibilities for a direct exchange of knowledge and experiences, between these two cities Administration, would be widely open. Also, this sort of cooperation would offer a lot of opportunities for new bilateral relations between nongovernmental institutions from different fields, from both cities (private sector, civil sector, etc.). It would open a wide field for exchange, not only knowledge and experience, but also ideas, technologies, investments and finally friendship.

Mutual efforts of both sides can provide a lot of new mutual ideas for new mutual projects, which would be interesting for different EU and other financial funds. It could open new opportunities for funding new development projects. In mutual networking with other cities and regions possibilities are arising.

At last, but not at least, for all these activities, we have a strong support from the Italian embassy in Belgrade. This support would be extremely important for all partners for many reasons: trust-building among parther intitutions, promotive impact, logisitc infrastructure, further expanding of the network among other desirable Italin institutions.

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Chapter 3 Cities on the edge - at the edge of the state

Statistic data

TERRITORY Hamlet of the municipality Surface (km2) Population density (Inhabitants/km2) DEMOGRAPHIC DATA Inhabitants Families Males (%) Females (%) Average age (years) ECONOMY Averige wage (€) BDP (€) BDP (€) - Agriculture, hunting, forestry and water management

NEGOTIN

ALGHERO

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6

1 089 34

224,40 193,90

36 879 16 597 48,17 51,83 44,51

43 505 20 969 48,20 51,80 45,50

324,50 39 452 090 (100%) 20 855 320 (53%)

1 827,50

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Chapter 3 Cities on the edge - beside of big water

Alghero beside of the Tyrrenian sea

Negotin beside of the Danube

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Chapter 3 Cities in the shadow of the capitals

Alghero

Negotin

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Chapter 3 Cities of the multicultural community

Alghero

Negotin

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Chapter 3 Terra del vino - unique terroir

Alghero

Negotin

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Chapter 3 Terra del vino - long wine traditon Architettura per il vino

Alghero - Sella & Mosca

Negotin - RaÄ?ke Pivnice - Rajac Cellary

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Chapter 3 Terra del vino - unique wine culture Autochthon grapes

Alghero - Torbato

Negotin - Bagrina

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Chapter 3 Fruti di terra - specific agriculture production

Alghero

Negotin

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Chapter 3 Tourism

Alghero

Negotin

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Chapter 3 Archeology

Alghero - Nuraghe di Palmavera

Negotin - Vrelo Ĺ arkamen

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Chapter 3 Heritage

Alghero - Cattedrale di Santa Maria Immacolata

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Negotin - Bukovo monastery

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Chapter 3 Natural beauty

Negotin - Vratna Gates

Alghero - Grotte Palombi

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Alghero - panorama

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Usefull web links: Municipality of Negotin http://www.negotin.rs/ http://www.toon.org.rs/index_en.php http://invest.negotin.rs/resources/klerr/strateska_dokumenta/Slor_Negotin_2012_2021.pdfv Negotin statistic http://www.devinfolive.info/profilelauncher/serbia/files/profiles/sr/1/DI_Profil_Negotin_EURSRB002002001004.pdf http://www.invest.negotin.rs/resources/klerr/strateska_dokumenta/regionalna_strategija/RSR_Timocke_krajine_ANEKSI_31052011__2_.pdf Negotin wine http://www.putvinasrbije.rs/put-vina-srbije-negotin/ http://www.serbia.travel/download/brosure/Serbian_wine_routes.pdf

Negotin - Panorama Faculty of Architecture University of Belgrade http://www.arh.bg.ac.rs/ Achitectura in Alghero, University of Sassari www.architettura.uniss.it/ Deutsche Gesellschaft fßr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH http://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/303.html Ambasciata d’Italia a Belgrado www.ambbelgrado.esteri.it/ Association of Italian and Serbian Scientists and Scholars (AIS3) http://www.ais3.ac.rs/ Public Art & Public Space http://www.publicart-publicspace.org/ http://www.publicart-publicspace.org/edu/public-art-and-public-space-the-art-of-wine http://www.publicart-publicspace.org/projects/annual-projects/010-paps-2012-vinograd-the-art-of-wine http://issuu.com/publicartpublicspace/docs/vinograd/1?e=0/1429664

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