NCMHCE Test Prep With Complete Solution Information generally not necessary for making DSM diagnosis- - Educational history, family structure, family history, and financial details Information generally important to assess in making Axis 1 Diagnosis- - affective functioning, cognitive functioning, medical history, developmental history (in children), physical complaints, duration of symptoms, suicidal/homicidal tendencies, substance use Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) - Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-question multiple choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. Since the client exhibits some signs of depression (for example saying no one cares about me, everyone wants me gone), it is helpful to assess if he is clinically depressed. (5-10 min) The Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC) - The Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC) is designed to measure maladaptive and adaptive behaviors and self-perceptions of children from 2.5 to 25 years old. High scores suggest that either the child's behavior is very maladaptive or the child was rated more negatively than warranted The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) - The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a parentreport questionnaire on child behavioral and emotional problems. It is one of the most widely-used standardized measures for evaluating maladaptive behavioral and emotional problems in subjects between the ages of 2 and 18. It assesses internalizing behaviors (anxious, depressive, and over controlled) and externalizing behaviors (aggressive, hyperactive, noncompliant and under controlled). (15 min) Family Environment Scale (FES) - Family Environment Scale (FES) is used to measure the social environmental characteristics of family. The scale is a 90-item inventory that has 10 subscales measuring interpersonal relationship dimension, the personal growth, and the system maintenance Thematic Apperception Test - Thematic Apperception Test is designed to elicit interpretations by subject of social situations. Stories and descriptions of pictures reveal some of the dominant drives, emotions, sentiments, conflicts, and complexes of a personality.The TAT is often administered to individuals as part of a battery, or group, of tests intended to evaluate personality. (100-200 min). Benton Test - The Benton Visual Retention Test is a neuropsychological test that is individually administered test for ages 8-adult that measures visual perception and visual memory. It can also be used to help identify possible learning disabilities.
DISC Assessment - The DISC is a personality assessment tool often used in vocational preference in which a quadrant behavioral model is used to examine the behavior of individuals in their environment. The assessment classifies four aspects of behavior by testing a person's preferences in word associations. DISC stands for -Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, and Compliance. (15-20 min) Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) - The Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) is a psychological assessment tool intended to provide information on psychopathology, including specific DSM disorders. It is intended for adults with at least an 8th grade reading level. The MCMI was developed and standardized specifically on clinical populations (i.e. patients in psychiatric hospitals or people with existing mental health problems), and the authors are very specific that it should not be used with the general population or adolescents. (25-30 min). California Psychological Inventory (CPI) - The California Psychological Inventory is a personality test designed to evaluate interpersonal behavior and social interaction within normal individuals. The CPI was created to assess the everyday "folk-concepts" that ordinary people use to describe the behavior of the people around them. (45- 60 min). Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality test designed to classify individuals according to the Jungian theory. The 16 types are typically referred to by an abbreviation of four letters—For instance: ESTJ: extraversion (E), sensing (S), thinking (T), judgment (J) and INFP: introversion (I), intuition (N), feeling (F), perception (P) (15-25 min). ADE Needs Assessment - The ADE Needs Assessment is a comprehensive adult assessment tool often used with substance and alcohol abuse. This instrument addresses life stress, attitude and emotional stability, criminal history, and alcohol and/or drug use. (130 ?'s) Woodcock-Johnson III - The Woodcock-Johnson III is a test of achievement which consists of two co-normed batteries: Tests of Achievements and Tests of Cognitive Abilities. The two batteries assess general intellectual ability, specific cognitive abilities, oral language and academic achievement. It can be used with individuals from 2 years of age to 80+. (1 hour). Conner's Rating Scales - Conner's Rating Scales is an assessment designed to assess ADHD and related problems in children. (20 min). Global Assessment of Functioning 91-100 - 91-100 Superior Global Assessment of Functioning 81-90 - 81-90 Absent or minimal symptoms Global Assessment of Functioning 71-80 - 71-80 Transient, expectable symptoms to stressors, slight impairment Global Assessment of Functioning 61-70 - Mild symptoms, some impairment
Global Assessment of Functioning 51-60 - 51-60 Moderate symptoms, moderate impairment Global Assessment of Functioning 41-50 - 41-50 Serious symptoms, serious impairment Global Assessment of Functioning 31-40 - 31-40 Some impairment in reality testing or communicating or major impairment in multiple areas (work, social, mood, thought) Global Assessment of Functioning 21-30 - 21-30 Behavior considerably influenced by delusions or hallucinations or serious impairment in communication and judgement or inability to function in almost all areas Global Assessment of Functioning 11-20 - 11-20 Some danger in hurting self or others, gross impairment Global Assessment of Functioning 1-10 - 1-10 Persistent danger to self or others Prolonged Exposure Therapy - Prolonged Exposure Therapy is the most highly efficacious treatment for PTSD to date. It employs techniques such as systematic desensitization and imaginal flooding. It is not an approved treatment for bipolar disorder. . Dialectical Behavior Therapy - Dialectical Behavior Therapy is the best researched psychosocial treatment and with proven efficacy across a range of target areas in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Prodrome Detection - Prodrome Detection is a form of psychotherapy where the clinician meets with the client regularly over a certain period to discuss the client's personal experience as well as signs preceding manic and depressive episodes in the past. Prodrome detection is very effective for understanding the triggers and symptoms of bipolar disorder and goes a long way in educating the client about the disease. Interpersonal/Social Rhythm - Interpersonal/Social Rhythm is an effective therapy for bipolar disorder, this treatment stresses maintaining a day to day schedule and stability in personal relationships Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale is used to assess the effectiveness of treatment interventions for many psychopathologies, not in making diagnosis. It includes 18 items that address somatic concern, anxiety, emotional withdrawal, conceptual disorganization, guilt feelings, tension, mannerisms and posturing, grandiosity, depressive mood, hostility, suspiciousness, hallucinatory behaviors, motor retardation, uncooperativeness, unusual thought content, blunted affect, excitement, and disorientation Mini-Mental State Examination - Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a brief 30-point questionnaire test that is used to screen for cognitive impairment. It is commonly used in medicine to screen for dementia
Person-centered therapy - Person-centered therapy is beneficial for this client as he has low self-esteem and thinks no one cares about him. The key elements of person-centered therapy are that it is non-directive, allowing the client to lead the discussion, and emphasizes unconditional positive regard which helps clients feel free to express their emotion without fear or rejection. The goal of person-centered therapy is to increase selfesteem Cognitive therapy - Cognitive therapy seeks to help the patient overcome difficulties by identifying and changing dysfunctional thinking, behavior, and emotional responses. This involves helping patients develop skills for modifying beliefs, identifying distorted thinking, relating to others in different ways, and changing behaviors. By modifying client's dysfunctional thinking, it can assist her to make better choices and take responsibility of her action Prolonged Exposure Therapy - Prolonged Exposure Therapy is the most highly efficacious treatment for PTSD to date. It employs techniques such as systematic desensitization and imaginal flooding. It is not an approved treatment for bipolar disorder Dialectical Behavior Therapy - Dialectical Behavior Therapy is the best researched psychosocial treatment and with proven efficacy across a range of target areas in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. It is a cognitive behavioral, comprehensice, principle-driven treatment program effective at reducing problematic behavioral patterns associated with borderline personality disorder, including reducing frequency and severity of parasuicide, reduced general psychopathology and enhanced general and social functioning, and reduced emotional dysregulation Prodrome Detection - Prodrome Detection is a form of psychotherapy where the clinician meets with the client regularly over a certain period to discuss the client's personal experience as well as signs preceding manic and depressive episodes in the past. Prodrome detection is very effective for understanding the triggers and symptoms of bipolar disorder and goes a long way in educating the client about the disease Interpersonal/Social Rhythm - Interpersonal/Social Rhythm is an effective therapy for bipolar disorder, this treatment stresses maintaining a day to day schedule and stability in personal relationships Reality therapy - Reality therapy is a form of psychotherapy that aims to help define and assess basic values within the framework of a current situation and to evaluate the person's present behavior and future plans in relation to those values. The emphasis in treatment is on the present rather than the past and on behavior rather than feelings; it focuses on responsible behavior as a means of personal fulfillment. It is an approach helpful for deviant teenagers Transactional analysis - Transactional analysis is a system of psychotherapy that analyzes personal relationships and interactions in terms of conflicting or complementary ego states
that correspond to the roles of parent, child, and adult. This approach does not focus on feelings important to a teenager, and is overly intellectual Family sculpting - Family sculpting is a nonverbal method, asking a client to place other family members in positions in relation to one another in their perspective of the family dynamic. This technique is useful in dealing with family conflicts. It does not match with the clinical focus of improving the client's behaviors Role playing - Role playing is a technique that can aid by demonstrating proper methods of communication and help the client understand the rationales behind rules. It can also help the client develop empathy for others to understand the impact of her behaviors Behavioral activation - In Behavioral activation, the client and therapist come up with a list of activities that the client values and finds rewarding. Each week the client is asked to set goals for how many activities she wants to complete outside of the session. Throughout the week, the client then tracks the progress made in achieving these goals. The main goals in behavioral activation are to increase activity levels (and prevent avoidance behaviors) and help the client take part in positive and rewarding activities which can improve her mood Cognitive restructuring - Cognitive restructuring is the process of identifying and challenging irrational or maladaptive thoughts and replacing them with positive and rational ones. Cognitive restructuring is a useful intervention for addressing maladaptive beliefs contributing to depression Cognitive restructuring - Cognitive restructuring refers to the process of replacing cognitive distortions with thoughts that are more accurate and useful. Cognitive restructuring has two basic steps: (1) identifying thoughts or beliefs that are influencing the disturbing emotion; (2) Evaluating them for their accuracy and usefulness using logic and evidence, and if warranted, modifying her maladaptive beliefs regarding her weight, eating, and worries Mirror exposure - Mirror exposure is an effective intervention for eating disorder, especially anorexia nervosa. It involves deliberate, planned, and systematic exposure to body image. The approach is nonjudgmental, holistic in focus, and mindful of present emotional experience. It reduces body dissatisfaction and anxiety in clients Psychoeducation - Psychoeducation is a type of therapy that consists primarily of educating the client about the diagnosis, its causes, and its treatment. It will allow the client to understand the development of eating disorder and its health consequences.. Stress management involves controlling and reducing the tension that occurs in stressful situations by making emotional and physical changes. Examples of stress management techniques include meditation, deep breathing, stress balls, music, etc Contingency Contracting - Contingency Contracting is a subtype of contingency management based on the use of predetermined positive or negative consequences to reward abstinence or punish, and thus deter, substance-related behaviors. As an adjunctive
treatment, contingency management has been used with a variety of substance abuse and is shown to be effective.. Motivational interviewing - Motivational interviewing is proven to be effective at facilitating and engaging intrinsic motivation within the client in order to change behavior. The approach is non-judgmental, non-confrontational and non-adversarial, and is based on four general principles: express empathy, develop discrepancy, roll with resistance, and support self-efficacy. It attempts to increase the client's awareness of the potential problems caused, consequences experienced, and risks faced as a result of the behavior in question Delusional Disorder - Delusional Disorder is defined as the presence of nonbizarre delusions (i.e., involving situations that occur in real like such as being followed, poisoned, infected, loved at a distance, or deceived by spouse or lover, or having a disease) for a duration of at least 1 month. In addition, the criterion A for Schizophrenia (hallucination, disorganized speech, catatonic behavior, negative symptoms) must never be met. If a client exhibits hallucinations and affective flattening it excludes a diagnosis of Delusional Disorder Schizophrenia - Schizophrenia- symptoms are present for at least 6 months. Has at least 1 month of active symptoms including 2 or more of: Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms (flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of speech, amotivation etc.) Schizophreniform Disorder - Schizophreniform Disorder share the same symptoms with schizophrenia, except for the fact that the symptoms last between 1 to 6 months and that there is no requirement for social/occupational impairment. Brief Psychotic Disorder - Brief Psychotic Disorder is a psychotic disturbance that last between 1 day and 1 month with eventual return to normal premorbid functioning. One or more of the following symptoms must be present: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior. Often stress induced Schizoaffective Disorder - Schizoaffective Disorder consists of Major Depressive, manic or mixed episodes along with 2 or more active symptoms of schizophrenia. At least 2 weeks of delusions or hallucinations in the absence of prominent mood symptoms (otherwise consider Mood Disorder with Psychotic features)