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FEP data, the European Parquet Market
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Editor-in-Chief Marco Zani Editorial staff and contributors Alessandra Mecca (redazione@quine.it) Silvia Martellosio (redazione@quine.it) Domenico Adelizzi, Filippo Cafiero, Mauro Errico, Antonio Viscardi Advertisement manager Ornella Zanetti (o.zanetti@spaziotre.it) Advertising & subscriptions Rosaria Maiocchi (traffico@quine.it) Simona Agostinelli (traffico@quine.it) Lay-out & Typesetting LIFE sh.p.k. Printing Aziende Grafiche Printing Srl Peschiera Borromeo (MI) Supplement to Professional Parquet no 4, - Luglio/Agosto 2019 Authorisation of the Milan Court No. 250 of 11.04.92. Publication or a reprint of articles or pictures in the magazine must first be authorised in writing by the editor. The articles published in Professional Parquet International are under the responsibility of the authors. The manuscripts and drawings published will not be returned.
BIMONTHLY OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION ABOUT PARQUET AND OTHER SURFACES
Parquet
The survey FEP data, the European Parquet Market
INTERNATIONAL
NEWS
VIII
PAG.
www.parquetinternational.net
From the market
EXHIBITIONS
X
IV
FEP data, the European Parquet Market
Latest news from Cersaie 2019
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DESIGN
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Restoration The new life of Casa Cava
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III
MARKET THE SURVEY
FEP data, the European Parquet Market
T
The analysis of the consolidated data provided by FEP shows a slight contraction
he European Parquet Market slightly contracted in 2018. After three years of growth or, in short, moderate stabilization and despite a good start to the year, the overall data on parquet consumption in Europe, in fact, decreased for 2018. This is the picture that emerged from the analysis of the consolidated data provided by FEP - European Federation of the parquet industry - during the General Assembly, which this year was held on 13 and 14 June in Lisbon. The market report shows a slight contraction of the global European market by 2,3% in 2018 compared to 2017. It must be noted that, due to the presence of some discrepancies between the official German data, which are collected by the German Federal Statistical Office, and the internal data recently collected by the German federation of parquet (VdP), the production and consumption figures presented below will be revised upward in the coming weeks.
Variation from country to country
As was witnessed in the past, the results show some variation from country to country. The market contraction is mainly due to decreases of parquet consumption
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observed in Germany and Switzerland, and, to a lesser extent, in the Nordic Cluster and the Benelux. The production in FEP territory declined moderately by 1,3% but exceeds significantly the 75 million square meter threshold. It is important to note that, as of 2007, production and consumption figures for Italy have been revised according to the new method used by the Italian national federation – Federlegno Arredo. The European production outside FEP countries is at an estimated 14,8 million square meters – 9,2 million square meters produced in EU countries and 5,6 million square meters in European non-EU countries. The total production in FEP territory slightly declined by 1,3% to a volume of 75.335.600 m2. Taking into account the total production in Europe (FEP countries + non-FEP countries in Europe) implies that production in 2018 fell moderately by 0,8% and exceeded 90 million m2. Consumption in the FEP area declined by 2,3%, to a level of 79.854.300 m2. The 2018 total parquet production per type remains similar to the picture already presented from 2010 onwards, whereby multilayer comes in first with 82% (compared to
Parquet production in Europe Non-FEP countries in Europe (**)
FEP Countries 000 m2
+/-%
Total
000 m2
000 m2
1988
29.997
11,14%
29.997
1989
34.566
15,23%
34.566
1990
35.634
3,09%
35.634
1991
35.294
-0,95%
35.294
1992
37.977
7,60%
37.977
1993
40.396
6,37%
40.396
1994
44.972
11,33%
44.972
1995
49.798
10,73%
49.798
1996
50.578
1,57%
50.578
1997
53.836
6,44%
53.836
1998
58.308
8,31%
58.308
1999
64.774
11,09%
64.774
2000
69.812
7,78%
69.812
2001
75.621
8,32%
75.621
2002
76.741
1,48%
76.741
2003
81.039
5,60%
81.039
2004
91.453
12,85%
91.453
+/-%
2005
93.977
2,76%
93.977
2006
95.911
2,06%
95.911
2007 (***)
98.634
2,84%
98.634
2008
83.024
-15,83%
83.024
2009
66.522
-19,88%
66.522
2010
69.000
3,73%
69.000
2011
69.654
0,95%
2012
66.570
-4,43%
7.000
73.570
2013
66.077
-0,74%
10.000
76.077
3,41%
2014
64.407
-2,53%
13.500
77.907
2,41%
2015
65.842
2,23%
14.600
80.442
3,25%
2016 (*)
72.458
10,05%
14.500
86.958
8,10%
2017
76.339
5,36%
14.500
90.839
4,46%
2018
75.336
-1,31%
14.800
90.136
-0,77%
69.654
(*) As of 2016, figures are covering all European FEP countries – data for Croatia, Estonia, Portugal & Slovenia havebeen added. (**) Best estimates according to information received from FEP affiliates (***) Italian figures of production and consumption have been revised as of 2007.
Production 1988-2018
100,000
FEP Countries
90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000
17
18 20
(* )
20
15
16 20
14
12
11
13
20
20
20
20
20
10
09
08
07
20
20
20
06
05
20
20
04
02
01
03
20
20
20
20
00
20
20
98
19 99
19
19 97
19 96
19 95
93
92
91
19 94
19
19
90
89
19
19
19
19 88
0
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MARKET THE SURVEY
Production/consumption development 2018/2017 Production development 2018/2017
Consumption development 2018/2017
AT
2,0%
1,0%
BE
-10,0%
-4,0%
CH
-9,0%
-7,2%
CZ
-0,5%
-2,4%
DE
-5,2%
-10,8%
EE
-29,6%
10,0%
ES
-3,8%
0,5%
FR
-2,9%
1,6%
HR
5,3%
0,0%
HU
-7,0%
10,9%
IT
9,6%
2,0%
NL
-8,1%
-14,6%
PL
-5,3%
3,0%
PT
2,1%
4,0%
RO
9,5%
3,5%
Scandinavia
0,1%
-0,1%
DK/FIN/NO
-10,4%
-6,3%
SE
2,5%
5,2%
SI
0,0%
10,0%
FEP
-1,3%
-2,3%
Production per type - 2018
Solid 17% Mosaic 1%
81% in 2017), being followed by solid (including lamparquet) with a stable 17% and mosaic at 1% of the total cake (compared to 2%). In absolute production figures by country, Poland maintains its top position at 17,37%. Sweden keeps its second place on the podium with 15,22%. It is followed by Austria at 12,76%, while Germany comes in as fourth (9,51%). Consumption in the FEP area declined by 2,3% to reach 79.854.300 m2 compared to 81.732.014 m2 the year before. In terms of consumption per country, Germany remains in first position, despite its still declining market, with 18,78% and is followed by Italy at 11,56%. France completes the podium with 10,59%. Sweden at 10,42% gets the fourth seat. Austria with 8,15% keeps its fifth position while the Nordic Cluster (7,81%) and Switzerland (7,25%) come in sixth and seventh position respectively. As regards the per capita parquet consumption, Sweden keeps the first seat (0,81 m2) before Austria (0,74 m2) and Switzerland (0,67 m2). In the total FEP area, the consumption per inhabitant remains stable at 0,19 m2 in 2018.
The situation in Italy
Regarding the general economic development, Italy started losing momentum in early 2018 amid a wider slow-down of the euro area and slipped into a contraction in the second half of the year. While the initial slow-down was largely due to less dynamic world trade, the recent slackening of economic activity is more attributable to sluggish domestic demand, particularly investment, as uncertainty related to the government’s policy stance and rising financing costs took its toll. In annual terms, real GDP grew by 1% in 2018, helped by a sizable carry-over effect from the previous year. In 2019, annual real GDP growth is forecast to fall to 0.2% due to global and domestic policy uncertainty and firms’ substantially less favourable investment outlook. Moreover, the more marked slow-down of important trade partners is likely to have knock-on effects on Italian manufacturing output. Following the budget revision in December 2018, sovereign yields eased, but are still significantly higher than a year ago. In 2020, growth is expected to pick up to 0.8%, helped by a positive carry-over effect and two more working days in 2020. The forecast does not incorporate the effects of the rise in indirect taxes envisaged in the 2019 budget for 2020. As slowing investment is set to soften import growth, net exports are likely to provide marginal support to GDP growth. The growth outlook is subject to high uncertainty. A weaker-than-expected global economy and the impact of heightened policy uncertainty on sentiment and financing conditions of the private sector could lead to a more protracted downturn.
The construction industry in Italy Multilayer 82%
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Following an upturn in 2015, the Italian construction sector experienced a continued growth in 2018 (+1.7%) thanks to the performance of all sub-segments. The residential construction sector increased by 1.3% with the new subsegment moving up by 3.4% while renovation increased by just 0.8%. New housing market is characterised by a poor demographic evolution, high real estate prices and a relatively high level of unsold stock of houses. In the years to come, a moderate growth is forecast to be the main
Total FEP Production percentages for 2018 AT 12.76%
SE 15.22%
BE 0.48% CH 2.23%
DK/FIN/NO 3.06%
CZ 1.78%
RO 4.06%
DE 9.51% EE 0.53%
PT 1.28%
FR 7.04%
PL 17.39%
NL 2.66%
IT 6.57%
characteristic of the market. With cumulative growth of 4.3% during 2019-2021 period, the residential construction output will still be 25% below the peak reached in 2006 by the end of 2021. The non-residential sector increased by 2.3% with new increasing by 3.6% and renovation by 1.6% in 2018. The recovery in non-residential construction started in 2015 and is driven by the industrial, office and agricultural segments as well as the public sub-segments. The demand for construction in these economic sectors will likely register a stable growth of 2.2% per year in the 2019-2021 period backed up by the continued economic growth and elevated business confidence indicators. After two consecutive years of decline (-2.7% annually during 2016-2017), civil engineering construction resumed its growth in 2018 (+2%) thanks to the recovery of investment by Central Government and by some of the biggest national and local companies. From 2019 investment by Local Bodies is also expected to recover thanks to the availability of public funds allocated to the sector in the three-year period as well as that from road managing companies. These investments will likely help civil engineering construction to increase by 3% annually during 2019-2021. The Italian market is still wrapped up by the stabilising effects of a prominent renovation market, representing a share of 60% of the total construction market. Although the fiscal incentives for different renovation and energy saving projects are expected to slow down in the building sector, the stable growth rate of renovation output in both residential and non-residential constructions should support a sustained growth rate of the Italian construction industry in 2019-2021 period. This, in combination with continued expansion in new civil engineering construction, is expected to lead to an annual average growth of 2% per year over the same period.
HU 2.79%
ES 5.93%
HR 6.69%
Use of wood species
The usage of wood species in 2018 as shown on the above graph indicates that the share of oak remains stable and reaches 80,3% compared to 80,6% in 2017. Tropical wood species use represents 3,7% of used wood. Ash and beech remain the two other most common chosen species with 6,8% and 2,1% (compared to 6,2% and 2,4% in 2017) respectively.
Outlook for 2019 & 2020
After three years of moderate growth or stabilisation, the overall consumption figures of parquet in Europe slightly downturned for 2018. While the market is still lacking visibility for the coming months, the European parquet markets are generally showing stable to slightly positive trends for the three first months of 2019 when compared to the same period in 2018, pointing to stable or moderately increasing parquet consumption. Furthermore, parquet consumption restarted to grow in Germany, the main European parquet market. On the other hand, the competition from “wood like� flooring solutions, especially from LVT, remains harsh. As regards raw material, there is no shortage of wood for the time being, but affordability is decreasing also for layers (HDF, plywood) other than the top one. At European level, FEP welcomes the increasing recognition by the EU authorities of the positive contribution of wood products, including parquet, to fight climate change and to support Circular Economy, Circular Bioeconomy & sustainability. This recognition should be now translated into supportive policies for our industry and used to convince the end-consumer: Parquet is and remains the only Real Wood flooring which allows bringing nature in home and building a better future.
VII
NEWS
FROM THE MARKET
TMB introduces M1003 BAG
M1003 BAG by TMB is an industrial vacuum cleaner with a large container capacity suitable for continuous vacuuming of fine dust. The intake air opening is on the top of the machine while motors are housed outside and in a low position, allowing to use the entire container capacity, of 100 l and to work effectively even without a filter shaker. M1003 BAG is equipped with 3 motors that can be switched on separately, to adjust performances and consumptions to real cleaning needs. The transparent cover made of polycarbonate allows to easily and quickly check the amount of collected material. The big rear wheels and the front swivel wheels make transport and use very comfortable. Under request M1003 BAG can be equipped with HEPA 14 air outlet filter.
B.CRAZY – THERMOTREATED CHESTNUT 7-HAND BRUSHED – LEGNOARIA+
Bruno Parquet, B. in the right vein
An innovative wood sanding machine by Klindex
VEINS is the new highly sensorial, tailor made collection by Bruno Parquet. An emotional offer which meets any taste and any interior design need, in the scope of a project which suggests the theme of wood as a living and recyclable element. Oak recovered from old beams, thermo-treated chestnut, ash, elm, walnut and precious teak have been handmade by skilled artisans, adding a peculiar value to the most ecological raw material. Finishing is made with natural oil LEGNOARIA+, with 100% solid content and very low Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emission, the perfect answer to the more and more demanding standards of green building and personal wellbeing. LEGNOARIA+ has been tested by Eurofins (DK) and CATAS (IT) and has been proved to be compliant with the most important European regulations concerning VOC low emission.
Bella Sander is the innovative wood sanding machine born in Klindex home. Available with 2900 Watt motor is ideal for cleaning, treatment, grinding and polishing wooden surface. Bella features all the interchangeable accessories to overcome all challenges that occur at construction sites. Main Features: Ergonomically designed handle with hand protection. Sturdy frame, reinforced handle rod. Bodycarcase in shockproof and scratchproof polyurethane material. Built in dust vacuum hood. Centre of the disc water hose release output. Powerful motors available also with speed controller (VS version). New compact and modern Made in Italy design. Big wheels for easier transport. Wide range of handle’s adjusting positions to permit comfortable working. Ergonomic carrying handle. Features the unique K4 planetary system. High autonomy of water thanks to the 18liter tank. Predisposition to the use of dedicated weights. Power outlet for accessories (optional). Adjustable height of the wheels. Led lamp for working in poorly lit environments (optional). Along the wall grinding. Designed for working also under heaters.
Fiemme 3000, discovering Dolcerivo
‘Dolcerivo - ‘Luci di Fiemme Collection’ like a calm river flowing underneath the snow, is the biocompatible oak of Fiemme 3000 with light nuances as if a freezing cold had crystalized them. A deep warmness emerges from the impenetrable entwining of dovegrey and hazelnut nuances among subtle shades of grey and pink. Like all Fiemme woods, the refined solid boards compose a threecrossed-layer structure and are mostly made with masterly manual operations. The exclusive Fiemme 3000 BioPlus biocompatible treatment guarantees the duration, quality and beauty of the floor. As the CNR Ivalsa showed, all Fiemme 3000 products are totally free from harmful substances and not only; the scientifically attested emissions of healthy VOCs improve the Indoor Air Quality.
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Stile, Smoked Collection
An entire collection made of brushed “smoked” oak. This special treatment with reagents allows the tannins, naturally present in the wood, to colour and emphasize the grains and characteristics of the wood, creating new warm and intense shades. The Smoked Collection by Stile is available in ten different colours, three different sizes and finished with Bona Naturale UV, and innovative finish that allows easy maintenance and local repairing, combining the natural feeling of an oiled finish with the high performances of a varnish.
Osmo, natural oils and waxes in one product
Clear, glossy to matt wood finish that uniquely combines the advantages of natural oils and waxes in one product. Osmo Polyx®Oil Original by Osmo Holz und Color GmbH & Co. KG is stain-resistant, water-repellent and abrasion-resistant and results in a surface that is pleasant to the touch. In comparison to conventional finishes, the use of plant ingredients creates a more even colour and more harmonious appearance. Simple application – without primer or intermediate sanding – this saves time and money. Suitable for wood; microporous surface will not crack, peel, flake or blister. Resistant against wine, beer, cola, coffee, tea, fruit juice, milk and water in accordance with German DIN 68861-1A – no water spots. The dry finish is safe for humans, animals and plants (resistant to saliva and perspiration acc. German DIN 53160, suitable for children‘s toys acc. EN 71.3).
SMOKED CALIFORNIA, CASUAL GRADE, -BONA NATURAL UV FINISH
A revolution by Garbelotto
The new revolutionary laying system Clip Up System was developed by the Parchettificio Garbelotto R&D department. Thanks to the clip system that fits the grooves on the back of the boards, the laying is easy and stable and grants a totally flat surface. The installation becomes easy and super quick: you only need a hacksaw, a hammer and of course a professional installer, but no glues or magnets; even the clips do not need to be attached to the underneath floor or subfloor. Furthermore, this intelligent laying system makes the floor available right away: the room is ready to be furnished! This new international patented laying system makes the wooden floor totally inspectable: all boards can be removed one by one and eventually replaced, without having to remove the whole floor. It is definitely ideal for ‘turn key’ projects and for those ambiances where inspection is necessary: in fact, a sucker is enough to remove a plank and then you replace it in less than a minute.
The power of ULTRABOND ECO S LITE by Mapei
ULTRABOND ECO S LITE by Mapei is an innovative silylated polymer-based lightweight adhesive. It is completely free of water, solvent, amines and epoxy resin, and with very low emission of volatile organic compounds (EMICODE EC1PLUS). Thanks to its extremely low density, result of its formulation containing a high amount of resin and microbeads, ULTRABOND ECO S LITE allows a lower consumption of product per square metre. This makes the product easier to handle, lowers transport costs and increases its yield by 30% compared with other one-component Mapei adhesives. ULTRABOND ECO S LITE complies with the requirements of 14293 European standards in the Soft and Hard categories and ISO in the Hard and Hard–Elastic category. It is recommended for bonding all types and formats of wooden flooring on any kind of substrate.
IX
MARKET EXHIBITIONS
Latest news from Cersaie 2019 Cersaie is being transformed from an “exhibition” venue to a “relational” space BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF
C
ersaie, the International Exhibition of Ceramic Tile and Bathroom Furnishings (Bologna Italy, 23 - 27 September 2019) is the foremost international event for ceramic, other surface coverings and bathroom furnishings, with more than 111,000 attendees, half of whom are international visitors from all over the world, and more than 800 exhibitors. Each year, architects, designers, contractors, retailers and Italian and international exhibitors converge on the ceramic tile and bathroom furnishings exhibition to get up to speed with the latest developments in the industry while building high-
X
level professional relationships and exploring the innovative products and projects showcased by leading Italian and international companies.
The image strategy and media plan
The same open vision is found in the image strategy and media plan, which aim to establish Cersaie amongst the key international events for innovators and to reach out to new audiences through increased investments in the digital sector. The website www.cersaie.it has also been restyled, featuring larger homepage
sliders with more visually-appealing images and greater space devoted to videos and the site’s social media profiles. As a result, Cersaie is being transformed from an “exhibition” venue to a “relational” space. The offline and online worlds merge together and “communication” becomes “conversation”. New relational dynamics can be developed before, during and after the show, then continued throughout the year to maintain a constantly high level of interest and attention. Social media play a vital new role in this communication strategy as virtual spaces where Cersaie can forge a powerful identity and open its doors to exhibitors, visitors, influencers and the city itself. Renowned for its friendly, inclusive and open spirit, Bologna is the perfect place to develop this open vision, especially during the Bologna Design Week. Whether strolling around a city-centre courtyard or savouring a wine produced in the local hills while enjoying the specialities of one of the most famous regional cuisines of Italy, it is the perfect place for networking and building relationships or for negotiating complex business deals. With the support of the historic city
of Bologna, Cersaie is looking to the future and is ready to embrace the changes that will come into sharp focus at this year’s show in September.
Archincont(r)act launched as a new theme area To reflect recent developments in the world of ceramic products and bathroom furnishings and the growing importance of the various forms of non-residential building, Cersaie has decided to organise a new theme section called Archincont(r)act. This new exhibition space will join the other now well-established sections of the International Exhibition of Ceramic Tile and Bathroom Furnishings. A play on the words “architecture” and “contract”, the aim of the new space is to establish Cersaie’s credentials as an important meeting point between the world of architecture and the Italian and international contract design sector, a show where exhibitors are capable of supplying the materials, solutions and high levels of design required for these architectural projects. Last but not least, the reference to the word “act” underscores the vitality and dynamism for which Cersaie is renowned. Archincon(r)act will be represented by a new pictogram and will be held in the Mall of Hall 29, a 700 square metre space consisting of two exhibition wings and a central conference area and champagne bar. The following design and architecture firms will be taking part in this first edition of Archincont(r)act: Archilinea, Sassuolo, Italy; Caberlon Caroppi Italian Touch Architects, Milan, Italy; Genius Loci Architettura, Milan, Italy; Iosa Ghini Associati, Bologna, Italy; Joy - Design, Hamburg, Germany; Mario Cucinella Architects, Bologna, Italy; Noa Network of Architetcure, Bolzano, Italy; Studio Bizzarro Galimberti, Ravenna, Italy; Studio Marco Piva, Milan, Italy; The Hickson Design Partnership, London, Great Britain. ■ https://www.cersaie.it/en/v_biglietteria.php
XI
DESIGN RESTORATION
The new life of Casa Cava Wooden flooring returns to its original splendour and functionality in this unique theatre dug into the rocks
I
t is difficult to imagine that, in a not too distant past, Matera, the 2019 European Capital of Culture, was considered to be a symbol of backwardness and underdevelopment in the southern part of Italy. And yet the evocative Sassi, or cave dwellings with their timeless charm dug into the tuff rock-face of certain areas of the town, had been abandoned for more than thirty years and were in a precarious state. It was only in 1986 that
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SOURCE: REALTĂ€ MAPEI INTERNATIONAL 75/ 2019
legislation was passed by the Italian Government to decree the recovery of the Sassi, marking the starting point of the rebirth of this antique city which, in 1993, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Amongst the numerous initiatives promoted over the years, there was the recovery of Casa Cava, an underground architectural complex dating back to post-medieval times: an ancient pit-like cave, part of which was also used as a dwelling place. The complex, which had been abandoned many years previously and used as a tip, was handed back to the city in 2011 after being completely restored. The restoration work commenced in 2007 under the guidance of the Sassi Office of Matera, and when it was handed back it had been completely transformed into an unusual and spectacular space of more than 900 m2, featuring a theatre and a cultural centre, with an auditorium inside the complex with seating for 140 spectators. It was a very delicate architectural intervention, harmonious and at the same time modern, so as not to alter the charm of the ancient tuff shell (which still bore the visible marks of the extracted stone), while adapting it to fulfil its new functional requirements. A successful restoration that received official recognition: in fact, Casa Cava received an award at the 13th edition of the prestigious International Award Architecture in Stone.
RENOVATING WOODEN FLOORING
Mapei products were supplied for the restoration and renovation of 200 m2 of wooden flooring made up of 14 mm thick solid beech wood planks, all set in a raised steel support structure over the substrate. One of the main requirements was that the wooden floor needed to have Cfl-s1 fire reaction rating and this was met by employing Mapei products and following a specific procedure. The first step was to sand the wooden panels with sanding disks. The surfaces were then treated with a coat of ULTRACOAT PREMIUM BASE two-component, water-based basecoat with high insulating properties, very low emission of volatile organic compounds and zero NMP (N-Methyl-pyrrolidone) content, which is part of the ULTRACOAT line for finishing wooden floors. After sanding the surface of the wooden flooring with 180 grit, the cycle was completed by applying two coats of ULTRACOAT HIGH TRAFFIC two-component, water-based varnish (10 gloss).
Mapei Products: • Renovating wooden floors: Ultracoat Premium Base, Ultracoat High Traffic
TECHNICAL DATA. Casa Cava Sasso Barisano, Matera (Italy)
• Year of renovation: 2017 • Year of the Mapei intervention: 2017 • Intervention by Mapei: supplying products for renovating wooden floors • Client: Matera City Council • Design and works direction: Emanuele Lamacchia • Main contractor: Costruzioni Industriali Srl • Installation company: Montillo Parquet Srl • Mapei distributor: Monitillo Parquet Srl • Mapei coordinators: Michelangelo Occhiogrosso, Francesco Dragone, Giovanni Villani, Mapei SpA (Italy)
XIII
DESIGN RESTORATION
FOCUS ON ULTRACOAT HIGH TRAFFIC BY MAPEI It is a two-component, 100% polyurethane water-based varnish with high resistance to wear and abrasion and with low emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) for wooden floors. It is used as a highly protective, wear and abrasion-resistant finish for solid and pre-sanded wooden floors and wooden floors requiring repair. Suitable for use in civil and commercial environments, including those subject to extremely high pedestrian traffic (public offices, shopping centres, airports, exhibition halls, etc.).
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