2. Research opportunities and roadmap development Based on the literature review (the full literature review is presented in section C) a list of barriers to successful integration of EVs into the grid was generated. The barrier analysis followed the structure show in Table 1. The detailed analysis is presented in section D.2 of this report. Following workshops with the IRG, the list of barriers was narrowed to the most important and high impact areas, and then re-projected as research opportunities. The IRG further refined these research priorities, and each of the areas are summarised below. These research opportunities form the basis for developing the research roadmap.
Table 1 Barrier Analysis Classification (Dunstan, Boronyak, et al., 2011) Barriers Technical
Institutional (“non-technical”)
1. Current
2. Current
3.
4.
5.
6. Split
7. Lack of
8.
9. Lack of
Technology
Costs
Regulator
Inefficient
Payback
Incentives
Information
Cultural
coordination
y Failure
Pricing
Gap
Barriers
“Confusion”
2.1 Summary of research opportunities The project team conducted an opportunity analysis based on the research opportunities identified through the literature review and barrier analysis and prioritisation in the previous stage. The following is a summary of research opportunities. The research opportunities follow the same classification as the barrier analysis 1a. Impact of uncoordinated and uncontrolled charging on grid security, stability and reliability (level 1 and level 3 chargers - respective concerns). Coordinated smart charging methods could mitigate the adverse impacts resulting from uncoordinated and uncontrolled charging on grid stability and reliability. It could reduce uncertain peak demand events and would assist the grid operator operate the power grid within its stability boundaries. As uncoordinated/uncontrolled charging is strongly linked to driver behaviour, it is important to consider driver behaviour when developing coordinated smart charging approaches. There is an opportunity for developing coordinated smart charging approaches to enhance grid stability and reliability considering driver behavioural models. 1b. Safety of home charging infrastructure. Home charging infrastructure such as chargers could be the most significant single load on the household. Safety concerns depend on the charger type and how it is operated. There is an opportunity for modelling and characterisation of home charging infrastructure and investigating safety boundaries. 1c Grid integration and orchestration technology for EVs: There is a need to understand how transport dynamics and energy demand will change in coming decades due to electromobility, and in particular what the likely impacts of increased EV uptake and progressive performance improvements will be. It will be important to demonstrate how synthetic inertia can be sourced from a collection of EVs across a grid and show the potential impacts and opportunities for the PAGE 17
Electric Vehicles and the Grid
