INTRODUCTION Rachel Culley Summer 2016
Location: 2911 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH Building Type: Library Roof Size: 100,547 sf Vegetated Area: 63,083 sf Non-Vegetated Area: 37,464 Access: Inaccessible, Open to the Public Ecoregion: Eastern Cornbelt Plains Project Benefits: Storm Water Management Figure 1 | Langsam Interior Urban Heat Island Mitigation Private Energy Conservation Sound attenuation Public quality of life improved Increase aesthetic value of area
Figure 2 | Bird’s Eye View
Figure 3 | Langsam Library Plaza
I chose to develop a green roof design for the top section of Langsam Li-
brary, located on the northern edge of UC’s West Campus. The library is a large building made up of approximately 216,000 square feet of space. The building is being used year round using a multitude of energy on heating and cooling, and causing a large amount of stormwater runoff. The roof is unique, consisting of multiple tiers with the largest of the tiers being above the 6th floor. There is currently limited access to the roof through emergency exits and at wireless access stations, but it not permitted for public use.
Figure 4 | View from Martin Luther King Drive
Figure 5 | Langsam Library Location
SITE ANALYSIS
The library is a destination that almost all students utilize for their studies at UC. It is located next to Rieveschl, the College of Engineering, Zimmer, and has direct access to Main Street. The roof to Langsam Library is unique having a series of polygonal tiers that layer atop each other. The largest tier is located on the top roof which will be the roof I design the green roof upon. This roof is exposed to most natural causes such as sun and wind. Wind Rose maps depict the prevailing winds from the Southwest and the Northeast happening year round. The roof of the building is never shaded so it requires plants that can tolerate a high temperature environment. You can see the direction the sun goes over the roof on a daily bases on the diagram.
JANUARY
Figure 8
MARCH
Figure 9
Although the roof is made of gravel, there is no sort of stormwater management system installed in this roof meaning all the water that comes form this roof runs off the roofs tiers and onto the pavement to stromwater drains. This causes an excess amount of stormwater overflow and contributes to the combined sewer overflow problem occurring in Cincinnati.
SOLAR PATH MAY
Figure 6 | Solar Path Figure 7 | Prevailing Winds
SEPTEMBER
Figure 10
Figure 12
JULY
NOVEMBER
Figure 11
Figure 13
SITE ANALYSIS
The elevation map demonstrates the direction stormwater drainage travels. The library is located on an elevation between 700-800 feet sloping north. The majority of drainage is going towards the north.
Feet Above 720 Sea Level
870
Figure 15 | View from adjacent Roof Plaza Langsam Library
Figure 16 | View from 8th floor of Engineering Building
View of top tier roof of Langsam Library from Engineering building
I chose to design an extensive green roof on top of the Library primarily because this building uses copious amounts of energy all year-round almost around the clock. I chose the very top tier of the roof because it is the portion of the roof with the largest square-footage, it is exposed to the most sun, and it comes into contact with stormwater before the other tiers. The portion of the roof to be covered with vegetation is approximately 63,000 square feet. Figure 14 | GIS Map of Feat Above Sea Level
Figure 17 | Bing Maps + Photoshop
PRECEDENTS
Figure 19 | UWM Roof
Figure 18 | MPL Roof
Project Name: Milwaukee Public Library Central Branch Year: 2010 Owner: City of Milwaukee Location: Milwaukee, WI, USA Building Type: Library Type: Extensive System: Single Source Provider Size: 33000 sq.ft. Designers/Manufacturers of Record: Architect: Hammel, Green & Abrahamson (HGA) Contractor: F.J.A. Christiansen Roofing Co., Inc., a Tecta America Company Greenroof System: TectaGreen, by Tecta America The roof is engineering with moisture barriers and insulating feature to reduce the energy used by the building for heating and cooling. The one primary goal of this roof is to reduce stormwater runoff. It reduces load on the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewer District sewers, it lowers the risk of flooding and basement back-ups, and reduces combined sewer overflows into
Lake Michigan. The roof has a couple forms of tall grasses and over 10 varieties of sedum. It also has photovoltaic solar panels that convert sunlight energy into electrical energy.
Project Name: UWM Golda Meir Library Year: 2011 Owner: UWM Libraries Location: Milwaukee, WI, USA Building Type: Library Type: Extensive System: Single Source Provider Size: 36200 sq.ft. Designers/Manufacturers of Record: Greenroof System: Pre-vegetated Sedum Mats, Moerings Sempergreen Installation: FJA Christiansen Roofing Located on the University Library, it is the largest green roof on a public building in Milwaukee. There are multiple green roofs on the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee campus. The roofs were implemented to not only reduce the Urban Heat Island Effect and reduce stormwater runoff but to provide a prime example of addressing sustainable objectives into an urban environment. This roof also has a 30-kilowatt system of solar cells.
Project Name: Ballard Library Year: 2005 Owner: Seattle Public Library Location: Seattle, WA, USA Building Type: Library Type: Extensive, Test/Research System: Single Source Provider Size: 20500 sq.ft. Slope: 25% Access: Inaccessible, Open to Public Submitted by: Greenroofs.com Designers/Manufacturers of Record: Architect: Bohlin Cywinski Jackson Landscape Architect: Swift & Co. Greenroof System: American Hydrotech Hydrotech Applicators: Krueger Sheet Metal General Contractor: PCL Construction Services
Figure 20 | Ballard Roof
With a variety of stonecrops, this building also has other green practices at work such as 17 solar panels on the roof, seven skylights at key points to work with natueral light, waterless urinals in restrooms, ventilation systems that monitor indoor air quality and more. This Library is a prime example of not just incorporating green practices on top of the building but also working on the interior systems.
CASE STUDY Multnomah County Library Design Team/Implementation Team: Lead Architect: Carleton Hart Architecture, PC Landscape Architect: Macdonald Environmental Planning Mechanical Engineer: Munro & Associates Structural Engineer: KPFF Consulting Engineers General Contractor: Snyder Roofing of Oregon LLC Landscaping Subcontractor: Teufel Landscape Modular Greenroof System: AVRS(r), Columbia Green Technologies Building Type: Library Vegetated Roof Area: 7,188 sq. ft. Type: Extensive Slope: 5% Access: Accessible, Private Total Project Cost: $823,000 Completion Date: September 15, 2008 EPA Ecoregion: Willamette Valley Figure 21 | Library Roof
Key Concepts: Stormwater Management Absorbs rainwater like a natural meadow Showcase sustainable green roof technology Project Benefits: Reducing Rainwater Runoff Reducing energy costs Extending life of the roof Increasing biodiversity Reducing air pollution Filtering the air Improving fish habitat Improving quality of runoff
Located in Portland Oregon, the Multnomah County Library is a great example of the green roofing and green practicing initiatives that the City of Portland is taking in order to reduce stormwater runoff, improve nearby bodies of water, reduce the air pollution, reduce energy costs, and much more. This case study gave me inspiration to all the benefits that can be achieved by green roofs including things such as the habitats of fish in the nearby river in Oregon. I also liked the idea of the roof replicating a scene in nature, such as a meadow. This gave me inspiration for adding grasses and flowers to my roof to give the roof a more natural -appearance.
Figure 22 | Site Plan
Figure 23 | Real time Photo
SCHEMATIC DESIGN For my extensive green roof I designed the various sedums in a radial pattern. I grouped like colors such as greens and reds to add to the aesthetic value of the design. The wide variety of sedums behave well under harsh and direct sunlight and the roots don’t need much soil depth. The grass also does not need deep roots and was added to the list to add biodiversity. The flowers also add to the aesthetic value of the roof and break up the constant sedum pattern. All plants do well in harsh sunlight. The solar panels are 30-kilowatt panels that convert sunlight into electricity for the building. The building is almost constantly using power and this green roof design will not only reduce heating and cooling costs but it will also collect excess stormwater, use the direct sunlight for energy, reduce the urban heat island created by the University, and capture sounds from outside.
Figure 24 | Schematic Plan of Design
Sedum Sexangulare Figure 25
Sedum Acre Figure 26
ROOF COMPONENTS
Sedum ‘John Creech’ Figure 27
Carex Nigra Figure 31
Sedum Ternatum Figure 28
SedumSpurium ‘VooDoo’ Figure 29
Oenothera Berlandieri Figure 32
Allium Schoenoprasum Figure 33
Solar Panel Figure 35
Pervious Pavement Figure 36
Sedum Album ‘Coral Carpet’ Figure 30
Talinum Calycinum Figure 34
Plants were chosen based on hardiness, their ability to retain water, their ability to withstand direct sunlight, and their need for soil depth. Most of the roof will consist of a variety of sedum as the roof is located in direct sunlight. The grass and flowers are also hardy plants that add more to the aesthetic value of the roof. The are 20 solar panels located on the northern portion of the roof which take in sunlight energy and convert it to electricity within the building. Washed Pebbles Figure 37
ON THE ROOF
Here I have rendered a view of the green roof on Langsam from the 8th floor of the Engineering building located on the south side of Langsam. You can see the variations of plantings on the roof and the radial pattern formed. You can also see from this photo that the roof would be visible from windows in the Crosley and Rieveschl buildings from above. I chose to do Langsam Library as my location for design because it is a large building that uses a lot of energy almost around the clock. The library has portions that are open 24 hours, meaning that electricity and heating and cooling measures are never turned off. This building also has a large roof that has no form of irrigation for stormwater to go through. Having a green roof, at least on the top tier of the roof, will reduce the amount of stormwater that first hits the roof so not as much will fall onto the next layers.
Vegetation Growing Medium Filter Fabric Drainage Layer Insulation Root Barrier Protection Layer Waterproofing Membrane Deck
Figure 38 | Extensive Roof Section
Existing Roof
Figure 39 | Photoshop Rendering of Roof
POTENTIAL RESEARCH
The roof consists of not only plant life but also numerous solar panels with photovoltaic cells taking energy from the sun and converting it to electricity. Not only can the cells be monitored to see just how much energy is being produced but, one or a couple of the provoltaic solar panels could be used to power various monitoring systems on the roof such as temperature measurements, air quality, stormwater runoff, and stormwater quality as well.
CRITICAL PATH
WORKS CITED IMAGES
FIGURE 21- http://mep-pc.com/project/multnomah-county-liFIGURE 1- http://www.hercampus.com/hcs-complete-college-guide/uni- brary-ecoroof/ FIGURE 22- https://multcolib.org/library-location/central-libraryversity-cincinnati eco-roof FIGURE 2- https://www.bing.com/mapspreview FIGURE 23- http://www.greenroofs.com/projects/pview. FIGURE 3- https://www.libraries.uc.edu/ php?id=799 FIGURE 4- Personal Photo FIGURE 24- Personal Photoshop edit FIGURE 5- GIS map created using CAGIS data from Esri database FIGURE 25-http://www.allposters.com.au/-sp/Dense-FlowerFIGURE 6- http://suncalc.net/#/39.1327,-84.5059,16/2016.06.23/08:32 Growth-of-the-Popular-Ground-Cover-Sedum-Acre-posters_ FIGURE 7- https://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/cincinnati_northi8997343_.htm ern_kentucky_airport FIGURE 26- http://www.greenroofplants.com/catalog/plant-cataFIGURE 8-13- Climate Consultant 6.0 data and images log/viewplant/?plantid=717 FIGURE 14- GIS map created using CAGIS data from Esri database FUGRE 27-http://www.onlineplantguide.com/Plant-Details/3673/ FIGURE 15- Personal photo FIGURE 28- http://www.finegardening.com/creeping-sedums FIGURE 16- Personal photo FIGURE 29- http://plantlust.com/plants/11164/sedum-spuriFIGURE 17-https://www.bing.com/mapspreview + personal edits FIGURE 18- http://wuwm.com/post/milwaukee-shines-retrofitting-build- um-voodoo/ FIGURE 30- http://www.valleysucculents.ca/SedumalbumCoralings-become-energy-efficient carpet.html FIGURE 19- http://www.hydrotechusa.com/projects/ballard-library FIGURE 31 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carex_nigra FIGURE 20- http://www.myballard.com/2010/09/23/seattles-roof-
FIGURE 32- http://www.laderaheights.info/landscape/flower/ oenothera.berlandieri.php FIGURE 33- http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index. php/Allium_schoenoprasum FIGURE 34- http://www.greenroofplants.com/catalog/plant-catalog/viewplant/?plantid=851 FIGURE 35-http://www.solarelectricsupply.com/canadian-solar200-watt-solar-panel-cs6p-200p-310 FIGURE 36- http://www.worldsweeper.com/Street/BestPractices/ KinterPorousPavement.html FIGURE 37- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble FIGURE 38- Personal Photoshop edit FIGURE 39- Personal photo plus personal photoshop render
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