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Science Technology Art Geography History Literature Citizenship Music Physical Education PROVE IN VERSIONE

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Science Technology Art Geography History Literature Citizenship Music Physical Education PROVE IN VERSIONE

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INTRODUZIONE Il testo GET AHEAD è un valido e completo strumento per la preparazione alle prove INVALSI e al nuovo Esame di Stato; si caratterizza per una serie di percorsi CLIL di Scienze, Tecnologia, Arte, Geografia, Storia, Letteratura, Cittadinanza, Musica, Educazione Motoria. Il materiale proposto rappresenta un nuovo approccio allo studio delle discipline e mira a consolidare e potenziare le competenze attraverso l’uso della lingua inglese. Ogni unità è dedicata a una materia ed è sviluppata in 3 macro argomenti che, oltre ai contenuti, offrono esercizi di listening e reading per l’esercitazione INVALSI, e di comprensione e produzione per l’Esame di Stato. Le varie sezioni sono contrassegnate da etichette: INVALSI READING, INVALSI LISTENING, ESAME DI STATO e indicano esercizi validi per l’una o l’altra prova. Al termine di ogni unit, le pagine dedicate alla presentazione orale delle tematiche trattate e/o alla revisione degli argomenti (ORAL PRESENTATION – LET’S RECAP) sono un valido aiuto per il ripasso; alcuni argomenti infatti potrebbero risultare difficili da riferire, avendo come base il livello linguistico A2 richiesto alla fine della Scuola Secondaria di I Grado. Pertanto, in questa ultima parte, le mappe concettuali fungeranno da “bussola” per il colloquio pluridisciplinare e aiuteranno gli studenti nell’argomentazione e nella risoluzione di problemi, oltre a sviluppare il loro pensiero critico e riflessivo. Inoltre, ai fini dell’inclusività, saranno un ottimo sistema per facilitare la comprensione dei contenuti. Per la parte relativa agli ascolti INVALSI, tutte le tracce degli ascolti sono disponibili on line, al link www.raffaellodigitale.it/geah Allo stesso link è possibile esercitarsi per la prova computer based – CBT. Non rimane altro che augurare a docenti e studenti un buon lavoro, prendendo a prestito le parole di Benjamin Franklin: “Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn”. L’Autrice

CONTENTS

SCIENCE

Miss Mitchell’s Comet .............................................. 4 The Sun . ..................................................................................... 8 The Moon .................................................................................. 12 Oral Presentation - Let’s Recap ................. 16

TECHNOLOGY

Solar Energy ........................................................................ 18 Materials .................................................................................. 22

LITERATURE

The Romantic Age in Britain: Historical Background ............................................ 76 English Romantic Poetry: the First Generation . ................................................. 80 The Victorian Age: Historical Background ............................................ 84 Oral Presentation - Let’s Recap ................. 88

CITIZENSHIP

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz .................................. 26

The Italian Constitution ......................................... 90

Oral Presentation - Let’s Recap ................. 28

Being Active Citizens Means...

Volunteering . ....................................................................... 98 ART

Impressionism .................................................................. 30 Cubism ........................................................................................ 36 Street Art and Keith Haring ............................. 40 Oral Presentation - Let’s Recap ................. 44

....................

GEOGRAPHY

Unusual but Interesting Facts about the USA . ................................................. 46 Canada ........................................................................................ 50 Australia and the Outback ................................. 54

Oral Presentation - Let’s Recap .............. 102

MUSIC

Music during the Romantic Era ................ 104 Jazz . ............................................................................................. 108 Oral Presentation - Let’s Recap .............. 114

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The History of Running ....................................... 116 Doping in Sport . ............................................................ 120 Oral Presentation - Let’s Recap .............. 124

Oral Presentation - Let’s Recap ................. 58

GLOSSARY

...................................................................

126

HISTORY

The First World War .................................................. 60 The Second World War and the Concentration Camps ................................... 64 WWII: Other Phases ................................................... 70 Oral Presentation - Let’s Recap ................. 74

SCIENCE

Miss Mitchell’s Comet Maria Mitchell was born in 1818 in Nantucket, Massachusetts. Her father, William Mitchell, owned a small telescope. Thanks to it, William and his daughter conducted observations which helped the young girl become fascinated with astronomy and physics. When she was 12, Maria helped her father when he calculated the moment of a solar eclipse! On the night of 1st October 1847, Maria went to the roof of the bank where William worked. There, she began observing the skies and to her great surprise, she discovered a comet, invisible to the naked eye. On 3rd October, her father wrote a letter to Cambridge University informing this institution about his daughter’s discovery, which was designated as C/1847 T1, but commonly known as “Miss Mitchell’s Comet”. In 1848 she became the first female member elected for both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1849 she became one of the first female members of the American Philosophical Society. In 1865 she was the first professor at the new Vasser College, as well as the director of the college observatory. She liked teaching and her students were inspired by her experience and competence. Maria retired in 1888 because she had health problems. She was single and so she died, aged 70, at her sister’s in 1889. The Nantucket Observatory was named after her, as well as, a crater on the Moon and a World War II liberty ship. She is in the National Women’s Hall of Fame. She always said: “We have a hunger of the mind. We ask for all of the knowledge around us and the more we get, the more we desire.”

SCIENCE INVALSI READING 1

Read the text about Miss Mitchell’s comet. Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) for questions 1-6. Put a cross (X) in the correct box. Only one answer is correct. The first one (0) is an example. 0. Maria Mitchell was born A . in the USA. B. a Quaker. C. an astronomer. D. in Cambridge. 1. Maria helped her father William Mitchell A. to study the Solar System. B. to study solar eclipses. C. to recognise a solar eclipse. D. to study the skies. 2. When she discovered a new comet she

4. In 1848 Miss Mitchell A. became an elected member of two

B. became a member of the American Philosophical Society. C. started teaching. D. left the American Philosophical Society. 5. In 1865 A. she was the first professor at the new Vasser College. B. she retired. C. she was both the first professor at the

A. was on top of a building.

new Vasser College and the director of the college observatory.

B. was in the local bank. C. was in the Nantucket Athenaeum. D. was outside. 3. Miss Mitchell’s Comet was formally named

associations.

D. she visited the USA and Europe. 6. According to Maria, our minds A. are always curious to know more. B. aren’t willing to know anything else after her discovery.

A. Naked Eye. B. the Comet.

C. are never curious to know anything.

C. the Unknown Comet.

D. cannot store too much information.

D. with numbers and letters.

......... /6

Answer the questions (1-4). Use a maximum of 4 words. Write your answers in the boxes. The first one (0) is an example. 0. What did Maria’s father do as soon as she discovered C/1847 T1?

He wrote to Cambridge.

1. When did she become a member of the American Philosophical Society? 2. Who were inspired by Maria? 3. Was Maria married? 4. What was named after her? (give one example) .........

SCIENCE ESAME DI STATO

Now write an email to Tom. Say: - HOW Maria Mitchell was; - WHY Maria is famous; - YOUR OPINION about her life.

INVALSI LISTENING

Write a summary of “Miss Mitchell’s Comet”. The answers given in the previous activities can help you.

Listen to Karen talking to her friend John about the American astronomer Maria Mitchell. Choose the correct answer (A-B-C-D) for questions 1-4. You will hear the recording twice. The first one (0) is an example. 0. Maria Mitchell died A. in 1888.

3. Miss Mitchell’s comet

B. in 1889. C. in 1847.

A. was discovered in the morning.

D. in 1865.

C. was discovered in the evening.

1. What did she discover? A. A comet

B. was discovered in the afternoon. D. was discovered at night. 4. A comet

B. A frozen mass

A. orbits around the Sun.

C. A frozen mass invisible to the naked eye

B. orbits around the Moon.

D. A comet made of rock and gas

C. orbits around the Earth.

2. Miss Mitchell’s comet

D. doesn’t orbit around the Sun.

A. is the only name the comet has. B. has another name. C. can be called telescopic comet. D. has a name stating who discovered it.

......... /4

Listen to the recording again and answer the following questions. Use a maximum of 4 words. You will hear the recording twice. The first one (0) is an example. 0. Where was Maria on 1st October 1847?

On the roof.

1. What time did she go onto the roof of the bank? 2. What did she use to “sweep the sky”? 3. Who did she inform about her discovery? ......... /3

SCIENCE ESAME DI STATO

The Stars 7

Read the following text about the stars and choose the correct word (A-B-C) for each space. The Sun is a ….....1. It is the closest star to the Earth. Scientists study other stars too. Stars are huge balls of glowing gas in the sky. There are over 200 billion stars in the sky. Some are …..... 2 than the Sun and others are …..... 3 than the Earth. They all look tiny because they are so far away from the Earth. This distance is measured in ….....4, not in miles or kilometers. One light-year is equal to the distance that light travels in ….....5 year. This is about six trillion miles or ten trillion kilometers! It seems they are twinkling because when we see them, we are looking at them through thick layers of ….....6 air in the Earth’s atmosphere. That is why an English song says Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star. Stars have lifetimes of billions of years. They are held together by their own ….....7. Over half of the stars in the sky are in ….....8 of two. There are also larger groups of stars called ….....9. These clusters of stars form ….....10. Our Solar System is in the Milky Way ….....11. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

A. planet A. larger A. small A. years A. two A. moving A. weight A. couple A. clusters A. planets A. planet

B. star B. large B. smaller B. sun-years B. four B. still B. gravity B. pair B. groups B. galaxies B. galaxy

C. comet C. largest C. smallest C. light-years C. one C. bright C. light C. groups C. couples C. comets C. comet ......... /11

INVALSI READING 8

Now answer the questions (1-4). Use a maximum of 4 words. Write your answers in the boxes. The first one (0) is an example. 0. Do scientists study the stars?

Yes, they do.

1. What are stars? 2. How many stars are there in the sky? 3. Do they look big? 4. How long do they live? .........

SCIENCE

The Sun Thanks to scientists, we know a lot about the Sun. The Sun is really old: it is about 150 million kilometers far from the Earth. The Sun is so large that its diameter is 109 times the Earth’s. The Sun is made up of 75% hydrogen and 25% helium. Hydrogen is the simplest and lightest of all of the known elements. When you combine hydrogen with oxygen, you get water. You probably know what helium is. It is the gas that can be put into balloons to make them stay in the air and float. The surface of the Sun is about 5,600 degrees Celsius. That might sound hot, but the Sun’s centre is even hotter. The core is the central region where the temperature reaches about 15 million degrees Celsius. The Sun is the centre of our Solar System, where we also have other planets, moons, asteroid belts, comets, meteors, and so on. Our Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun which is very important because, without it, we would have constant darkness. So, our planet, would be really cold and we wouldn’t have liquid water! You can imagine there wouldn’t be any people, animals, plants as they live if they have sunlight and water. The Sun also gives out dangerous ultraviolet light which causes sunburn and may cause cancer. That is why you need to wear sunscreen and clothing to protect yourself from its rays. Scientists study the Sun using special tools or instruments such as telescopes. One thing they do is to look at the amount of light from the Sun and the effect of the Sun’s light on the Earth’s climate.

SCIENCE

ESAME DI STATO 9

Read the text about the Sun. For questions 1–4, decide if each sentence is true or false, then for questions 5 and 6 choose the answer A-B or C, finally answer questions 7-10. 1. The Sun is not too far from the Earth.

T F

2. The Earth is smaller than the Sun.

T F

3. Hydrogen is less than helium.

T F

4. When we mix hydrogen and helium we get water.

T F

5. Helium is known because A. it is the simplest element. B. it is the lightest element. C. it is used to blow up balloons. 6. The Sun is A. as hot as the Earth. B. not as hot as the Earth. C. colder than the Earth. 7. Why is it important for the Earth and other planets to revolve around the Sun?

……………………………...................................……………………………………………………………………………..............................................………….................

8. What do people and animals need to live?

9. Can the sun rays be harmful? Why?

10. What can scientists study, using telescopes?

……………………………...................................……………………………………………………………………………..............................................…………................. ......... /10

Write an email to your friend Sue (use around 150 words) telling her what you have studied with your Science teacher. In your email you should: - inform her when you studied the Sun; - its main features; - its position; - positive and negative aspects; - your opinion on the lesson; - end your message properly.

SCIENCE INVALSI LISTENING

The Lady of the Stars

11 Listen to Peter and his dad talking about the Italian astrophysicist Margherita Hack, also known as “The Lady of the Stars”. While listening, choose the correct answer (A, B, C, D) for questions 1-7. You will hear the recording twice. The first one (0) is an example. 0. How old was Margherita Hack when she died?

5. Where was the observatory?

A . 91

A. In Rome

B. 92

B. in Venice

C. 93

C. In Florence

D. 94

D. In Trieste

1. When did she die? A. 2014

6. What was she able to do? A. She was able to talk about astrophysics to people in a simplified way.

B. 2013 C. 2015 D. 2016

B. She was able to talk about astrophysics to people in scientific terms. C. She couldn’t talk about astrophysics

2. What was her nickname? A. The Astronomer

using simple terms. D. She never talked about astrophysics to

B. The Lady of Astronomy C. The Astrophysicist D. The Lady of the Stars 3. What was special about her? A. She studied stars. B. She was an astronomer. C. Asteroid 8558 was named after her. D. She wrote a lot. 4. What happened to her in 1964? A. She became the first Italian woman

to be the director of an observatory.

B. She moved to Trieste. C. She became a writer. D. She bought an observatory.

people. 7. What do Peter and his dad decide to do? A. They decide to go to the library. B. They decide to surf the net for more information on Mrs Hack. C. They decide to visit an observatory. D. They decide to buy some books by

Mrs Hack. ......... /7

SCIENCE

ESAME DI STATO

A Scientist Called Margherita Hack

12 Read the following text about Margherita Hack and re-order it. The first one is an example. A. In 1964, she moved to Trieste and started teaching at the local university. She later became the director of the observatory and this was really significant because she was the first Italian woman to get such a position. The observatory in Trieste was one of the most important research centres in Italy. B. Margherita Hack was born in Florence on June 12th 1922. She was an important astrophysicist who made scientific concepts easy to understand. She studied the stars and analysed the different types of radiation they emitted. She was also a television personality and fought for civil rights. C. In 1945, after getting her degree in Physics, she worked in Florence, then she moved to Milan because she got a job at the Merate site of the Brera Astronomical Observatory. D. She wrote books and more than 200 scientific papers. She was often on TV because she liked explaining new findings in astronomy and physics. E. She was a strong intellectual, whose nickname was The Lady of the Stars. She was a

vegetarian and wrote a book explaining her choice. In 2013 she died aged 91.

F. In 1995 the asteroid 8558 Hack was discovered by Luciano Tesi and Andrea Boattini at the

Pistoia Astronomical Observatory. It was named in her honour. .........

.........

INVALSI READING 13 Read

the text about National Astronomy Day. Answer the questions (1-5). Use a maximum of 4 words. Write your answers in the boxes. The first one (0) is an example.

0. When is Astronomy Day?

It’s on

May.

1. What time does it start? 2. What time does it finish? 3. Are there any presentations? 4. Who is performing “Music from Earth and Space”? 5. When is the community stargazing?

SCIENCE

The Moon The Moon orbits the Earth and the side that points towards our planet is always the same. It is the second brightest object in the sky. We use the term “object” because we can describe it as a huge ball of rock. Its surface is dry, in fact there is no water, and there are craters made by meteorites. There are also big mountains and valleys. There are no living creatures on the Moon as the temperature varies a lot because of the lack of atmosphere. So, it can be 120°C during the day and -230°C at night. Light is not present on the Moon: we see it, because light from the Sun falls on it reflecting back to Earth. If we look at the sky at night, the Moon sometimes “shimmers”. This word means shining softly or with a flickering light or glow. We see the Moon because the Sun is shining on it! When the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, its shadow falls on the Earth and we can see some parts of the Sun covered by the Moon. This is called a “solar eclipse”. Solar eclipses take place twice a year. There is a “lunar eclipse” too. This happens when the Moon passes through the Earth’s shadow and this blocks the sunlight from hitting the Moon. It can happen more than twice a year. The astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin flew on the Apollo 11 rocket and landed on the Moon. On 20th July 1969, they were the first people to walk on it. Another astronaut, Michael Collins, was with them but he stayed in orbit around the Moon, and didn’t walk on it. They also brought back some rocks to study. Scientists discovered that they were similar to the rocks on Earth but really old: they were 4 billion years old!

SCIENCE INVALSI READING

14 Read the information about the Moon. Are the sentences (1-7) true, false, not given? Put a cross (X) in the correct box. The first one (0) is an example. True

False

Not given

0. The Moon circles the Earth. 1. The side of the Moon we see from the Earth isn’t always the same. 2. The Moon can be described as a big round object. 3. There are a lot of watercourses on the Moon. 4. There are more than one thousand craters. 5. The Moon has no atmosphere. 6. In the morning the temperature can be freezing cold. 7. At night the temperature can be boiling hot. .........

15 Now read the text again, then answer the questions (1-8). Use a maximum of 4 words. Write your answers in the boxes. The first one (0) is an example. 0. Is there any light on the Moon?

No, there isn’t.

1. What does the word “shimmers” mean? 2. What happens when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth? 3. What happens when the Earth’s shadow blocks the sunlight from hitting the Moon? 4. How often does it happen? 5. Who were the first men on the Moon? 6. When did they walk on it? 7. Were the rocks taken on the Moon different from the rocks on Earth? 8. How old were they? ......... /8

ESAME DI STATO

16 Referring

to the text and your answers to the questions in the previous activities, write a summary of “The Moon”. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

SCIENCE INVALSI READING

17 Read the text about the celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the historic Apollo 11 landing. Answer the questions (1-8). Use a maximum of 4 words. Write your answers in the boxes. The first one (0) is an example.

0. Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the name of the event?

First Man Festival

1. When is the event? 2. What kind of show is there? 3. Can you experience a rocket launch? 4. What planets can you see? 5. What else can you enjoy? 6. Is there a competition? 7. Where does the event take place? 8. Where can you get more information? ......... /8

ESAME DI STATO

18 You are going to the event above to celebrate the anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing. Write an email to your best friend. - Begin and end in a friendly way. - Tell him/her how you are going there, who you are going with, where you are going to stay, why you are going there. - Tell him/her what you are going to do.

SCIENCE INVALSI LISTENING

19 Listen to a person talking about the Apollo 11 mission. While listening, choose the correct answer (A, B, C, D) for questions 1-4. Put a cross (X) in the correct box. Only one answer is correct. You will hear the recording twice. The first one (0) is an example. 0. Apollo 11 mission was organized by:

1. How many astronauts were there inside Apollo 11?

3 A

4 B

2 C

1 D

2. Who walked on the Moon?

Armstrong A

Armstrong and Aldrin

Collins B

Collins and Aldrin D

3. Where did people from all over the world watch this event?

4. What was the Moon landing like?

They used parachutes. A

The astronauts landed on the Moon without any problems. B

The whole rocket landed safely. C

There was a big explosion. D ......... /4

ORAL PRESENTATION - LETâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S RECAP

1 1

Miss Mitchellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Comet Read the passage about Maria Mitchell again, then discuss the questions. Make notes and prepare a short oral presentation. You can use the mind map below to help you. 2

Who was Maria Mitchell?

Why was she famous?

4 What do you think

What are the most important phases of her life, after the discovery of C/1847 T1?

about Maria?

The Sun By answering the following questions, try to give a talk about the Sun. You can add other information. - How old is the Sun? - How far is the Sun from the Earth? - Describe it. - Give its position. - What do the Earth and other planets do around the Sun? - What does the Sun give out?

The Stars By answering the following questions, try to give a talk about the stars. You can add other information. 2

What are the stars?

Why do the stars twinkle?

How is the distance of a star measured?

How many are there?

What else can you say about the stars?

SCIENCE

The Lady of the Stars You are in an English school and you have to explain to your new mates and teacher who Professor Margherita Hack was. Listen to the recording again (page 10) and follow the mind map. 1

stellar spectroscopy and radio astronomy

more than 200 scientific papers

5 1

Italy

astrophysicist

asteroid 8558 Hack

1964 director of the Trieste Observatory

2013 death

The Moon Look at the mind map. Answer the questions to talk about the Moon.

What does the Moon do?

Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a lunar eclipse?

What are its characteristics?

Who are Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins?

Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a solar eclipse?

What did they do?

Now, write your answers using connectors to prepare an oral presentation about the Moon.

TECHNOLOGY

Solar Energy The sun produces energy in the form of light which comes as ultraviolet, visible and infrared rays. When we see the spectrum of colours, we see visible sun rays. Ultraviolet and infrared ones cannot be seen. Solar energy is a renewable source of energy which does not damage the environment. As long as there is sunlight, we will be able to get power from it. This kind of energy doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t release carbon dioxide and pollution into the air, so it can be defined as a clean source of energy which reaches the Earth with its solar radiation. Solar radiation gives also power to all living things through photosynthesis. Photosynthesis takes place when plants use the sun's energy to make its own food, and then of course, all other living organisms eat the plants receiving that energy indirectly from the sun. Collecting solar power to create electricity and heat is not as easy as photosynthesis. One way is to use sunlight that hits solar thermal panels. In this way solar energy can be converted and used efficiently to heat and light things like buildings, swimming pools, hospitals, schools.

TECHNOLOGY INVALSI READING

Read the text about solar energy. Are the sentences (1-7) true, false, not given? Put a cross (X) in the correct box. The first one (0) is an example. True

False

Not given

0. The light produced by the sun is invisible. 1. We can see visible sun rays at midday. 2. Solar energy is dangerous. 3. We can have power from sunlight. 4. Sunlight releases carbon dioxide. 5. Photosynthesis takes place at the end of the week. 6. The process used to get electricity is more complex than photosynthesis. 7. Buildings can be heated thanks to solar panels. ......... /7

INVALSI LISTENING

Listen to Camilla and her friend talking about solar panels. While listening, match the pictures (A-H) with the teenagers’ names (1-5). There are two pictures you do not need. You will hear the recording twice. The first one (0) is an example.

0. Camilla

3. Dirk

1. Mark

4. Barbara

2. Oliver

5. Bridget

0 H

5 ......... /5

ESAME DI STATO 3

Now read “Solar Energy” again, then write to your American friend Ben. In your letter say: you had an interesting lesson yesterday; you studied solar energy; the characteristics of solar energy; your opinion about the lesson and solar energy.

TECHNOLOGY INVALSI READING

Some Facts about Solar Power for Electricity 4

Read the following text on solar power for electricity. Answer the questions (1-7). Use a maximum of 4 words. Write your answers in the boxes. The first one (0) is an example. When we think about solar power, we think about the solar cells that turn the sun rays into electricity. Solar cells are also called photovoltaic cells. “Photovoltaic” derives from the words “photons”, the parts that make up sunlight, and “volts”, the measurement of electricity. Solar cells are used in small devices like calculators and wrist watches. They are also used for buildings and homes because they are a more efficient way to get electricity. In fact, if we place solar cells on the roof of a building or a house we can have green electricity: the solar cells convert the energy of photons from the sun into electricity. We need a lot of solar cells to power a house, so a lot of them are connected together producing a large amount of energy. The photovoltaic cells were invented in 1954 and mainly used in small objects like calculators. Then, they were used for spaceships and satellites. In the 1990s people received incentives to buy them because they were considered a clean and renewable source of energy for their houses. 0. Can the sun transform its energy into electricity? Yes, it can. 1. What’s another name for solar cells? 2. What are volts? 3. Are they used for big devices? 4. Are they used for houses? 5. Where are they in a house? 6. When were solar cells invented? 7. When did people get incentives to buy photovoltaic cells? ......... /7

Let’s Know More about Energy 5

Read about the following sentences (A-F) and match them with the types of energy (1-4). There is one letter you do not need. The first one (0) is an example. 0. nuclear energy

A. Your voice or musical instruments use this kind of energy.

1. chemical energy

B. This energy comes from fire.

2. electric energy

C. It comes from the movement of light.

3. solar/radiant energy

D. It is the energy in the nucleus of the atom.

4. thermal energy

E. It comes from very small particles called electrons. F. When we eat food we use this kind of energy.

0 D

4 ......... /4