The Healer of The City
Thesis Project Title: The Healer of The City No of Pages: 112 Rahmita Dewi Lubis rahmitadewilbs@gmail.com +447365669137 Mentors Eamonn Canniffe, James Dyson, Tamara Salinas Kohn, Yun Wu, Dominic Sagar, Curtis Martyn, Julie Fitzpatrick, Antonio Blanco Pastor, Claudio Molina Camacho, Mazin Al-Saffar, David Chandler, Demetra Kourrisova, Yusuf Adams MA Architecture and Urbanism 2018/2019 Manchester School of Architecture Cover image by author
Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Manchester School of Architecture to give me valuable opportunity and experience to be part of MA Architecture and Urbanism program. I express my gratitude to academic staff members of MSA MA A+U, who guide and give suggestions and ideas throughout the sessions until I can finish my thesis project. I am grateful to my parents, sister, and brothers for their pray, help, and support for me so I can complete my thesis project. This work is dedicated to all of you who had assisted me through up and down,and to those who want to change the world into a better place. Thank you very much for your support and effort. Rahmita Dewi Lubis Manchester, United Kingdom, August 2019
Source: ourfoodstories.com
Introduction
Today’s cities fail to meet the minimum standards of self-reliance. Rapid urbanisation results in uncontrollable population. People reside in the city to find a better future; however, many cities fail to grant the people’s wish. The huge number of population means more people to feed, rising demand for green space, and the necessity to have the resilience and sustainable living environment. Indonesia is the fourth populous country in the world. The population keep growing, as well as agriculture land. Agriculture causes approximately 70% of tropical deforestation and emitted 13% of total global emissions. Indonesia is one of the ten countries with the most significant agricultural emissions. Everything consumed is come outside of the city, and as a result, increasing pollution, deforestation, waste accumulates and climate change. In the next 30 years, three more billion people need to be feed. There will be no forest to heal the climate change because agriculture invaded all of the lands. People will look around any land to build for agriculture, but there is no land anymore — this issue calling for sustainable and resilience way to solve the problem.
Fixing the environment and still having nourishing food, seems like exclusive goals. The idea of a city having its area to grow food and to feed the population appears naive. However, this revolutionary idea could save the earth, and it could decrease the number of deforestation and pollution that cause climate change. One of the solutions lies in a vertical farm. Vertical farm with the new develop cultivation method such as aquaponics can be applied in the city, where ten storeys of the vertical farm can feed 50,000 people. Moreover, with the aquaponics system, it can grow plants and breed fish at the same time. Growing food with no soil and less water is the concept that the urban issue needs now. If every city has it’s own vertical farm, all of the food from your favourite restaurant could come from down the block. It is time to connect our self to the natural world. Building self-sustaining cities now will allow the land to heal itself.
contents
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Indonesia
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2 The Food 22
Medan 06 Glimpse of Medan The Brief History of Medan Medan in The Present Urban Challenges
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The Airport
History of The Airport The Airport Precedents
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The Proposal The Concept The Site Analysis The Masterplan concept The Park The Vertical Farms The Residential Positive Impact Globally
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Indonesia
Indonesia is an archipelago country located in the south-east of Asia. A country with the richness of cultures, home to approximately 700 different languages, and hundreds of ethnic groups. Indonesia is famous for it is tourism, from the coral reef at the bottom of the sea to the top of the volcano mountains. Moreover, it is popular with various types of flora and fauna. Indonesia is the fourth populous country in the world, inhabited by around 264 million people, with the land area of 1,904,569 km2 (735,358 sq mi).
Indonesia at a glance 3
Indonesia urban planning is influenced by the colonial era, where the Dutch for around 350 years invaded this country and built the cities in Indonesia. Morphologically, the colonial area is located in the city centre, designed with the colonial architecture and as the place for the government district. Indonesia is undergoing a historic transformation from a rural to an urban economy. The country’s cities are growing faster than in other Asian countries at a rate of 4.1% per year. By 2025 – in less than ten years – Indonesia can expect to have 68% of its population living in cities (World Bank, 2016).
Indonesia is a picturesque country with prosperous land and natural resources. However, despite the beauty of the country, hundreds of national issues encountered in this country. Corruption, poverty, famine, uncontrollable population growth, pollution, natural damage, poor public transport, and other issues haunted this developing country. High population density can put more pressure on urban issues. From 2000 to 2010, urban population density in Indonesia increased exponentially, from 7,400 people per square kilometre to 9,400 people (World Bank, 2016). The booming of the population cause problems for urban development. The increasing number of people means more people to feed, calling the sustainable approach to solve it. Moreover, this strategy also to tackle poverty and famine issue. Indonesia is also a lack of public green space. People need more green public space as their daily necessities. The project will be located in Medan; it is the capital city of the North Sumatra province. Medan is the fourth populous city in Indonesia. Currently, Medan is facing high urban development. The economic trade is increasing in Medan, with the new international airport in Kuala Namu and Belawan port as the main gates for the international trade, give a tremendous opportunity for the development of Medan.
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Medan
The city of Medan is the fourth populous city in Indonesia. With the population of more than two million people, it becomes the largest city outside the Java island. Before Medan became a sprawling city, it was a plantation agriculture area, popular for the tobacco and become the prosperous city that it is today. Medan is a multi-ethnic city, home to people from different ethnics such as Malay, Batak, Java, Tionghoa, and Minangkabau. Medan becomes a metropolitan area called as Mebidangro or Greater Medan. The other cities that include Greater Medan are Medan, Binjai, Deli Serdang, and Karo with the total population more than 4.8 million people.
PDAM Water Tower as Medan Landmark
The Brief
History of Medan The city of Medan was called Kampung Medan before. The rivers play an important role to shape the form of the city, as the rivers are the main transportation route back then. Medan was a plantation agriculture area under the colonial era. The Dutch turned this city into a tobacco plantation and produced high quality of tobacco, which increases the economy and development of Medan at that period. Morphologically, the urban centre of Medan is divided into three areas: the colonial district, the Chinese district, and the sprawling native settlements. The colonial district is the centre of the city, where the government institutes and the core colonial buildings located. The shopping avenue in Kesawan, the military area between Deli River and Babura River, the “tropical garden city of Polonia”, airport, train station, high-class schools, hospitals, are located in the colonial district. The Chinese district is located on the eastern side of Deli River, predominantly designed with the shophouses style and become the commercial area. The Muslim native settlements are located near the Maimun Palace and the Great Mosque, where most buildings designed with oriental-imperialist architectural style.
The distribution map according to the district
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The urban design and architecture in Medan were similar to the development of Penang Island, Malaysia. The heart of the city in Medan was designed as the open plaza in the colonial area; it was called Esplanade, now Lapangan Merdeka. The plaza is facing the town hall and historic hotel. Near the plaza is the historic site of shopping avenue called Kesawan. The shophouses’ façade is adapted to the Dutch-British tropical style. Unfortunately, many of these shophouses have been demolished, because of lack of conservation from the government.
01 Old map of Medan made by the Dutch government
02 Colonial architecture
03 Great Mosque of Medan
04 Plantation in Medan
05 Aerial view of Medan city centre
06 Soldiers marched in front of iconic restaurant in Medan
07 View of PDAM water tower and chinese house
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09 Medan skyline
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row of shophouses, and Medan public transport, Becak
Medan used to be a small village located at the confluence of Deli River and Babura River founded by Guru Patimpus. Since colonialism era, Medan becomes a sprawling city with a predominantly grided plan. To cope with the developing era, the Medan Industrial Cluster or Kawasan Industri Medan (KIM) was built in the southern part of Medan. The city centre becomes the government, business, economy, commercial district. Medan is in developing time, and many constructions are ongoing. Skyscrapers start to decorate the skyline of the city. Medan is famous for its shophouses architecture. Shophouses predominantly reside by the Chinese, where the ground floor occupied as commercial, and the above level for residential. The residential area scattered in every part of the city. Medan is lack of green space and poor public transport, making the city become one of the polluted city in Indonesia. With the high density in Medan, it should be balanced with the amount of public green space. Moreover, Medan is also prone to flood and earthquake.
Sketch of aerial view of Medan’s settlements
Medan in
The Present
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Urban Extent of Medan Source: Atlas of Urban Expansion
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“Climate change is not just an environmental issue; it’s a technology, water, food, energy, population issue. None of this happens in a vacuum.” - David Titley
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Urban Challenges One of the urban issues in Indonesia is the uncontrollable population. The population is getting higher every year, which cause more problem for the country. More people means more food. More food means more land used for agriculture, and it produces a great product of carbon emission and wastewater. Agriculture also causes pollution, such as water pollution, that can affect billions of people. This issue needs to be tackle with resilience way. People need to grow food through a sustainable way, which uses less water, reduces the use of land, and not harm the environment. The other issue because of this uncontrollable population is the lack of open space in the city, and more people means more public green space.
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Map of current public green space
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The Food
Agriculture plays a vital role in Indonesia’s economy, providing the household with food and income. Agriculture has been the main driver since before the colonial era. Before the colonialism, Indonesia was ruled under different kingdoms, which relied on agriculture for the source of income. The agricultural potential and prosperous land of Indonesia are the factors colonialists were drawn to Indonesia. In the colonial era, agriculture mainly producing rice, grains, corn, cassava, and other carbohydrates source. The colonialists gave little push to the indigenous people to plant others, such as coffee, tea, tobacco and sugarcane. The production was remarkable, boost the economy trend on the global market. In 2012, The Indonesian agricultural industry contributed around 14.7% to the country GDP. Unfortunately, the number has significantly declined during the last few years. Rice becomes the major country’s most valuable commodity. Indonesia has an excellent quality of rice and has been recognised globally. Rice is the most important source of energy for Indonesian diets and becomes an important employer in rural areas.
“People in Slow Food understand that food is an environmental issue� -Michael Pollan
10 Paddy field
11 Growig vegetables
12 Fish cultivation
How Indonesian cultivate their food
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13 Chicken farm
Farmers in Indonesia mostly cultivate the crops through traditional way, by doing ploughing with cattle as the motor. Farmers harvest the rice with hand, they maintain the traditional way, while the fish farmers tend to catch the fish with the cage-net cultivation. Citizens of Medan prefer to go to traditional market rather than the modern supermarket. Citizens called the traditional market as Pasar. Traditional markets provide more fresh food every day, and the price is competitive compared to the modern supermarket. There are many types of traditional market in Indonesia, from the indoor market to the floating market.
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Indonesia’s Pasar
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Agriculture demands resilient way Agriculture can cause many issues regarding the safety of the environment. To kill the pest that can infect the crops, farmers use pesticides, which is not safe for the environment. The livestock farming gas emission also gives a negative impact on the environment, and it causes tremendous deforestation than palm oil plantations. Moreover, the farm which located in the rural area can take more than two hours drive to the city. The food mileage is increasing, as well as carbon monoxide. Agriculture issues demand a resilient and sustainable way for the future. There has been a revolution in the farming industry, new methods of cultivation. These methods are; algaculture which can be used to feed for livestock and algae is the future of the food, aquaponics a method which can breed fish and grow plants at the same time, hydroponics is the system where it needs no soil and less water, entofarming to breed the insects which rich of protein that meat, and mycoculture to farm the mushroom. This project will apply the aquaponics system to cultivate the crops. Aquaponics lets people farm fish and grow plants at the same time. It is using less soil and water, two times faster to grow, and more healthy rather than traditional cultivation. 17
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“We need a “double green revolution” where we will have to think about lowering the environmental impact of farming as well as doubling productivity.” -Bill Gates
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“So over the next 40 years you might have three more billion people to feed. And you look around for the land where that’s going to come from in terms of traditional farms and you don”t find it. It isn’t there.” -Dickson Despommier
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68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas in 2050**
The density in Medan city centre can reach up to 80-100 person/ha**
More people means more people to feed more used lands more pollution
*UN DESA, 2018 **RTR Metropolitan Mebidangro, 2012
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What is Vertical Farm?
Why Vertical Farm?
Can Vertical Farms feed the city?
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Precedents
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Three projects have been selected as the relevant precedents for the vertical farm concept, they have been analysed what is the requirements to design a sustainable vertical farm, the method of how it works, and the positive impact to local and global. Learning from the precedents give the idea and concept of how to design a project. The precedents were chosen based on their context and the successfulness for the public necessity.
The Mashamba Skyscrapper Mashamba, Africa eVolo Skyscrapper first prize Polish designers Pawel Lipiński and Mateusz Frankowski have envisioned a conceptual high-rise building that would act as a vertical farm, able to be disassembled and moved to different locations across subSaharan Africa. “It provides education, training on agricultural techniques, cheap fertilisers and modern tools,” the designers said. “It also creates a local trading area, which maximises profits from harvest sales.” The skyscraper would be built of simple arch-shaped modular elements, stacked around a central atrium. A ramp would spiral up the void to connect the different levels.
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Sky Greens Singapore Sky Greens is the world’s first low carbon, hydraulic driven vertical farm. Channel News Asia reports the farm is organised by a series of nine-meter tall aluminium towers, suitable for growing up to a half-ton of vegetables per year. The project is a massive win for the country, which up until now, imported 93% of its vegetables, due to lack of farming space. Looking like giant greenhouses, the rows of plants produce about a half-ton of veggies per day. Only three kinds of vegetables are grown there, but locals hope to expand the farm to include other varieties.
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Sunqiao Urban Agricultural District Sasaki Associates Shanghai, China Sasaki unveils the project to help the high population in Shanghai by design a 100 Ha agricultural district for the city. The vertical farms will apply the hydroponics and aquaponics systems. There will be an interactive greenhouse, science museum, aquaponics showcase, and festival market signal an attempt to educate generations of children about agriculture.
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The Airport
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The History of The Airport
22 Polonia airport in the past
The airport’s name Polonia was named after the nationality of Baron Michalski who is a Polish. Michalski owned the tobacco plantation in the airport area and called it Polonia. In 1879, the plantation area was handed over to Deli Maatschappij and turned it into the first airstrip in Medan. In 1975, the airport was jointly managed between the Indonesian Air Force and the Civil Aviation. However, in 1985, according to government regulation no. 30-year 1975, Perum Angkasa Pura took this responsibility. The Polonia airport is now closed, and the commercial airport has been moved to Kuala Namu International Airport, which is the second-largest airport in Indonesia now. The Polonia airport now occupied by the air force military and turned into Soewondo Air Force Base.
23 Michalski’s house
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The development stages of the airport
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The airport located 2 km from the city centre and surrounded by a residential area. The air force military owns this airport now as their air force base. There have been significant changes over the years in the airport area. In 2009, the residential area was expanded, and in 2011, the commercial area started to build. In 2014, the private company expanded the commercial area. Unfortunately, the commercial area is not running well, and only a few shops currently open now.
The ministry of defence of Indonesia wanted to relocate the military air force to the outside of the city. Since there have been accidents, that killed dozens of the residents, it is not safe to have an airport in the middle of the residential area. The government long term plan for this airport is to turn this area into the mixeduse area, which contains commercial district, hotels, apartments, and offices. The density of the surrounding area is high, while in the north of Medan; there is less development, which impacts the dwellers’ economic life. The idea is to move the commercial district to the north side of Medan, and turn this airport into a large open space with agriculture area.
The Airport
24 The airport front facade
25 The aerial view
26 The airport back facade
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View of the airport building from Jl. Imam Bonjol
Monument at the round about in front of the airport building
Welcome gate
Views of the Site
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The aerial views
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Precedents
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Four projects have been chosen as the relevant precedents for this thesis projects. They have been analysed to understand the elements, which is important and necessary for the development of the project. Learning from the precedents give the idea and concept of how to design a project. The precedents were chosen based on their context and the successfulness for the public necessity.
Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport Quito, Ecuador Parque Bicentenario The same case with the Polonia airport is the old Mariscal Sucre International Airport—located right in the heart of the Quito but too small for Ecuador’s booming economy. Instead of razing the whole thing and trying to turn it into more high rises or shopping malls, the airport was, in the matter of a couple months, turned into Parque Bicentenario, a massive spot featuring cafes, running and biking trails, playgrounds, outdoor gyms, a couple museums, gardens, basketball and soccer courts, and, often music festivals.
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Quito 3km Airport Park Second prize. Lake park international competition to transform Mariscal Sucre airport in a metropolitan park. Quito, Ecuador. 2008 Design: Luis Callejas , Seastian Mejia , Edgar Mazo. Situated in Ecuador in the metropolitan region of Quinto in the Andes mountain range, Mariscal Sucre International Airport is an old airfield with a surface of 126 hectares. Through flooding the runway of the old airport, the project aims to generate an active hydrologic park. The transformation of the runway into an urban park ultimately serves as an opportunity to test the insertion of leisure activities and aquatic ecosystems typical to the tropics.
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Tempelhof Airport Berlin, Germany Famous as the lifeline for West Berlin during the cold war, Tempelhof’s airfield had become the German capital’s biggest park. Since it was turned over to the public on May 2010, the site has been immensely popular with families, joggers, rollerbladers, kite-flyers, wind-karters, urban gardeners, yoga enthusiasts, hipsters and layabouts; smoke rises in summer from the abundance of barbecues. “No other city would treat itself to such a crown jewel [of open space],” said Ingo Gräning of Tempelhof Projekt. Nowadays, numerous communities are implemented to keep this airport as open public space. The garden community is one of the communities that maintain this airport, where they installed ten beds that has been grown 25 times. An abandoned airport can be a place to unite people from different backgrounds. 37
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Valencia, Spain Valencia is one of the key precedents for this project. Valencia taught how to reconnect the city that once was separated. The city of Valencia was once divided by the river, making it disconnected to the other parts. The same case happens to the site project, because the existing of the airport, now the area is separated. The concept is to reconnecting this area, to make space not isolated and blending to the other parts of the city.Â
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Valencia smartly turned this separation line into green line. The green line acts as the place where people who reside from different zones to gather — the green line which unites the citizens. Moreover, the Calatrava buildings support this green line, making this public space more active and crowded by the tourist.
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The Proposal
The Healer of The City
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The
Concept The main concept of the design is how to tackle the uncontrollable urban population by integrating with food, park, housing and water within the airport. The airport aims to produce its own food and feed the citizens, especially for the booming population in the next decades. The airport can be a place to heal the urban issue. In order to achieve the goals, the airport which disconnects the road of the city has to be reconnected. Learning from the city of Valencia, by reconnecting the city through public green space can be the solution for the airport. The area can be the new space that can provide more food for the city, a new attraction for Medan, and a place to have a relaxed time.
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Site Analysis
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The site is surrounded by residential area and bordered with the river and main road in Medan. The river and main road bring benefits to the design project. The river can be part of the design elements that play an essential role in the design, and the main road gives easy access to the site. The site also surrounded with the seven city parks, that mostly located at the commercial area. With the total land area of 164.9 Ha with flat contour land, this area potentially to accommodate citizens for the urban farm, public green space, and residential.
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The masterplan sketch to divide the zones in the airport. The zones divided into three areas — the park, the vertical farm, and residential. The park will be the element that reconnecting the city. Aiport’s existing building will be refurbished and become the main gate for the park. The vertical farm will be scattered organised at the park and along the runway of the airport. The new residential will be designed near the existing residential area and connecting the road that once separated because of the airport. Finally, to add the water element, the runway of the airport will be turned into a long canal that linked to the river.
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The
Masterplan Concept
The study using the model to define the zones and the form of the buildings.
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1 Car park 2 Airport existing building 3 Cafe 4 The island 5 Cafe 6 Meadow 7 Museum 8 The forest 9 The plaza 10 Car park 11 Micro algae farm 12 Dairy farm 13 Algae institute and university 14 Vertical farm 15 Residential 16 Market 17 Waterfront
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The increasing number of people means the needs of public green space is also increasing. Public green space provides citizens with a place to find calmness from the hustle-bustle of the city. The park will become “the lung” of the city, produce more oxygen to the city and become a new attraction for the citizens. It is divided into several zones with different activities to accommodate the visitors’ needs. Moreover, some parts of the park are covered by the microalgae, to produce more oxygen as well as food. Visitors can feel the different atmosphere with the algae canopy and visit other attraction such as the dairy farm, microlibrary, circular observation building which floating above the canal, garden, and many more. 1Car park 2 Airport building 3 Micro library 4 Cafe 5 Garden 6 Circular observation building 7 Micro algae farm 8 Algae institute and university 9Dairy farm 10 Museum 11 Car park 12 Plaza 13 Cafe 14 The islnad
Section of the park
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The park will provide varieties of activities and facilities to the visitors. It is the place to do sport, such as jogging, running, basketball, badminton, tennis, and skateboard. Family, friends can have their leisure time at the park, to have relaxed moments. In order to increase the economic life of the citizens, local market and cafe are designed for Medan’s entrepreneur, who wants to expand their culinary business at the park. The airport used to be a place for significant events, for example, concert, festival, circus, and campaign. The meadows at the park give a large space to organise large events. The park should be for everyone and kids friendly area, where they can play in the playground. Moreover, it is the place to express the creativity of the community through an art installation and exhibit it at the park.
Activities and Facilities 65
The island is the floating space to give the visitors tropical experience. This place can become a place for performance or simply for leisure time. The lake zones are divided into three areas. The water element is one of the essential element in the park to give a sense of The island calmness to the visitors.
Lake zone
People can enjoy the park from the outside as well as from the inside. The circular observation building was design to allow the visitor to see the park from inside of the building. This building is floating above the canal, with the spectacular view of the rows of the vertical farm. The long runway of the airport turns into the long waterfront, where people can jog, run, and rowing.
Circular observation building
The waterfront
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The Dairy Farm 1Tourist information and souvenir shop 2 Cafe 3 Cow meadow and micro algae 4 Barn 5 Dairy barn 6 Toilet 7 Control Tower
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The dairy farm will be one of the main attraction in the park. The farm is designed for the dairy purpose and as the tourist attraction. The farm will apply smart farm system through farming data, where all of the condition happen in the farm controlled and recorded at the farming base data system. All of the data will be stored in the cloud. The existing control tower of the airport will be reused as the control tower for the dairy farm. A sensor will be attached to the cows, allowing monitoring of animal health and wellbeing. From this sensor, the farmer can know when the cows go into labour or ready to be milking. The cows’ food will be provided from microalgae. By changing the soybean meal protein into microalgae to feed the cows, it can increase the healthiness, because microalgae contain high protein. The microalgae will be installed on the cow meadows, and before it is ready to be cow’s feed, the algae will be processed in the photobioreactor, then the food delivers inside of the barn.
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Micro Algae for The Park Micro Algae has many benefits. Micro Algae believe to be the future of the food because it has higher protein than meat. The concept is to covered half of the park with the microalgae canopy to produce biomass food. The canopy will produce oxygen, food and provide shades for the park. The microalgae will be grown in the bioplastic container and attach it to the bamboo structure and act as the shades. The canopy design is with curve shape, which aims to link to each of the canopies. These algae will be turned into food, livestock food, biofuel, and fish feed for the vertical farm aquaponics system. The product from the microalgae will be sent to the algae institute, which located at the corner of the park.
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The micro algae canopy concept diagram
Micro algae canopy by ecoLogic Studio
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The
Vertical Farm The city needs a revolutionary idea to tackle the uncontrollable urban population, and to decrease the use of land for agriculture. The vertical farm is the answer to sustainable and resilient in the agriculture sector. The vertical farms are the main project. Ten storeys vertical farm with a height of 90 m will decorate the new skyline in Medan. Ten storeys of the vertical farm can feed 50,000 people for 2000 calories per day for entire year. The vertical farms aim to supply the city through a resilient way, reduce food mileage, and decrease the land use for agriculture in the countryside. The vertical farms will produce vegetables and fruits. The local authorities will be controlled and manage the vertical farm, which will involve farmers, scientists, agriculturalist, biologist, and many more. This vertical farm can solve the problem for the poverty and unemployment in the city, as this new innovative building will provide more jobs and foods to the people.
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Section of the vertical farms and canal
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The vertical farm will apply the aquaponics system to grow the food, as well as breed the fish. The water will be pumped from the canal, and collect the water through the rainwater tank to be recycled to water the crops. The diagram shows how the aquaponics system works for this building. The circulation is designed with the circle ramp and four lifts to accommodate people and to bring the foods. The typical plan will be applied to this design, with the lobby and underground control room.
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The form of plan is circular plan to ensure the plants are exposed to sunlight. The vertical farm has a typical floor plan. The lobby is the place to gather, classroom, lecture theatre, while the first floor up to the tenth floor is the place to grow the foods. All of the crops that ready to be harvested will be brought down to the storage room for inspection. The final examination of the food will be conducted at the underground control room before the food distributed to the market. The underground control room is the place to grow mushroom as well. All of the food will be distributed with the drones. In order to reduce carbon emission, the drone is one of the solutions for the delivery system.
Food distribution system
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The
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The residential is located along the waterfront and adapt the kampung style typology, which reflects the traditional village in Indonesia. The residentials are designed to make a connection with the surrounds residential, to make the area more connected. The orientation of the houses follows the original orientation of the existing building, which is facing the north. The residentials aims to reconnect the area, that once was separated because of the airport’s runway. There are four prototypes of the houses for this residential, each for different users and designed with bamboo as the dominant materials. There are community workshop space, mosque, micro-library, and public green space to accommodate the dwellers’ needs. 1The residentials 2 Public green space 3 Clinic and micro-library 4 Workshop 5 Mosque
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The four prototypes of houses
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Sumatra traditional village
Kampung is a phrase for the village in Indonesia. The residential is designed with the Kampung typology and with raised house design. The typology of the kampung mostly is gapless houses and facing to each other. The reason why the houses are close to each other, is neighbours like to meet each other in the afternoon, but they do not want to go far from their house. There are four prototypes of houses and designed for different users. Bamboo will predominantly be the material of the houses, to ensure the house can absorb the heat and more sustainable. Houses are facing north side to ensure the airflow goes through the house. The air will be cooling by the river and goes through the bamboo wall and cooling down the temperature of the room. Furthermore, the resident’s will get easy access to the waterfront.
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The Market Indonesia is famous for its traditional market. The food that produced from the vertical will be distributed to other markets in the city and will be sold at the market zones. The market applies the modular shelter with 4 m x 4 m measurements, which can be stacked vertically — the shelter made of timber and easy to construct. The market will be designed with the five storeys vertical farms side by side. This zone is not only provided for market but can also be the place for the cafe. Since this area has a magnificent view of the waterfront, it can increase the culinary business in Medan too. From the market, there will access to the waterfront area, and people can enjoy rowing the boat in this long canal.
The modular shelter
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Positive Impact Globally
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The project aims to give a positive impact both locally and globally. To support and fulfil the Sustainable Development Goals from the United Nations, this project aims to achieve nine goals from the SDG. The city can give positive impact to global if it is well designed and concern about the environment, without harm the mother nature. The city can also play an important role to heal the global issue if it is managed and well preserved.
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The project aims to support the co-operation between Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand through agriculture. The IMT-GT seeks to boost the economic life of three countries, and Medan is one of the major cities in this co-operation. Belawan port, as the main port in west Indonesia, can open tremendous opportunities, and co-work with other countries. The food products in the city can increase this relation through sustainable trade co-operation.
For future expansion, this vertical farm can be applied in other parts of the countries, especially in the populous country to tackle the uncontrollable population growth and high food demand. The vertical farms are no more fairy tale, it is happening now.
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Conclusion Throughout history, people have adapted to different types of changing environment, invent a smart technology, have solutions for better housing, invent productive farming methods, sophisticated transportation, and cure for the illness. Every invention that human create has a positive and negative impact, either to the people or the environment. Food is the source of life; however, human’s methods to grow food also harm the environment, which impacts the human itself. With the increase of a high number of population in the city, the production of food has to increase as well. Moreover, in the high rapid urbanisation that causes more people to reside in the city means the city has to feed more people. Agriculture cause decreasing of lands, deforestation, polluted water, and contribute to producing carbon emission — the future demands a sustainable and resilience way to tackle this problem. A world where every city has its own local food source, healthy, environmental-friendly, and people can have their food just five blocks away from their house. The vertical farm is one of the solutions to tackle food issue for the city. It uses less water, no soil, no pesticides, grow healthy food, less used land, and provide more jobs for the citizens. Growing crops in the middle of the city is no longer an imagination; people should start to think globally, act globally, and more care about the environment.Â
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