Raksha Anirveda, Defence Magazine, October-December 2022 issue by Raksha Anirveda

Vol 4, Issue 19, Oct-Dec 2022

raksha anirveda vol. No. 4 issue 19

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Deadly Dragonflies: Nano Drones Making A Big Impact

Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020: Has it Delivered?

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Vol 4, Issue 19, Oct-Dec 2022

raksha anirveda vol. No. 4 issue 19

EXTENSIVE

SHIPBOARD EXPERIENCE

october - december 2022

Operated from more than 40 classes of ships Powerful heavy fuel engine

‘Atmanirbhar’

Ministry of Defence

At the Cusp of an Upheaval, the Indian Defence Industry is Just Raring to Go

Tens of thousands of embarked maritime flight hours Several thousand deck landings

It’s about Being

90th anniversary

iaf day

UNMANNED MARITIME ISR

AT DEFEXPO 2022, VISIT US IN HALL 11 AT BOOTH #R31-32

Deadly Dragonflies: Nano Drones Making A Big Impact

Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020: Has it Delivered?

India–Egypt: Bolstering Ties for Strategic Advantage

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Editor & Business Director Ajit Kumar Thakur Consulting Editor Vinay Shukla Vinay Kumar Sri Krishna Ramesh Sharma Devendra Singh Advisory Board Amb Smita Purushottam, IFS Air Marshal M Matheswaran Lt Gen PC Katoch Lt Gen PR Shankar Lt Gen AB Shivane Maj Gen JS Kataria Cmde Ranjit B Rai Cmde Anil Jai Singh Cdr KP Sanjeev Kumar Dr Mathew Simon Amit Cowshish Sameer Joshi Natalia Freyton Dr Punit Saurabh International Roving Correspondent Arie Egozi Legal Advisor Ramesh Sharma Creative Director Md Moeen Aijaz Design & Layout Design Cubicle For Advertisement contact us: ajit@raksha-anirveda.com rakshaanirveda@gmail.com For any complaint and query contact us: info@raksha-anirveda.com ajit@raksha-anirveda.com Raksha Anirveda is printed and published by PBG Media Ventures Published, Edited & Printed by Ajit Kumar Thakur on behalf of ‘PBG Media Ventures’ 649/4, Konark Residency, Nambardar Colony, Burari, Delhi -110084 Printed at: Star Print-O-Bind, Star House, F-31, Okhla Industrial Area Phase-I, New Delhi-110020 Editor: Ajit Kumar Thakur All disputes are subjected to the jurisdiction of Delhi Mobile: +91-9910252485 Disclaimer: Views expressed are those of individual authors and do not represent any policy of this publication. -Editor

Response ‘Raksha Anirveda’ editorial team looks forward to receiving comments and views from the readers on the content of the magazine.

Editorial ‘PATH TO PRIDE’ GAINS MOMENTUM

ndia’s Amrit Kaal phase will be quite demanding. Under the continuous and probing watch of both well-wishers and critics, its growth trajectory and performance on various parameters will be well documented and debated. Where will India find itself in 2047 – its centenary year? Will it achieve the status of economic powerhouse central to the world’s prosperity and position itself as a responsible military power? It may seem a wishful thought of a dreamer at present, but it’s very much achievable by a resurgent and rising India that’s already moving on the uncharted path to achieve its goal. On the geopolitical, diplomatic and economic fronts, India’s calibrated steps have kept it in good stead. Rightly sensing the Russia-Ukraine War will linger on, India has played its cards with finesse, kept its strategic preferences upfront and raised its stature in the new world order. Alarmed with the evolving situation, it has expedited the efforts to achieve the Atmarnirbharat in Defence with renewed focus. The recognition of India’s arrival by big powers, its thoughtful push to resurrect a potent United Nations that’s more representative and relevant to the future world finding wide acceptance is noteworthy. India has a unique leadership opportunity to reaffirm G-20’s credibility through its suggestive innovative solutions as it assumes G-20 Presidency in December 2022. Moreover, effective strategic autonomy, economic balance and power relations across both sides of the divide have positioned India as a true representative of the global South. Closer home, keeping a close eye on the two adversaries - India should ensure that the military power asymmetry remains manageable. With more focus on resultoriented action, the foundation of India’s future economic growth story requires credible hard power as backup. Priorities should be on fast-tracking the build-up of

the indigenous manufacturing ecosystem and establishing the much-needed militaryindustrial complex with an adequate level of capacity-building. The submarine Project 75(I) can give the head start – India should go full throttle with indigenous capability and technical know-how. It requires dedicated efforts (polity, thought, finances and expertise, technical know-how) in the continuum. A consensually accepted transformational roadmap is a must to ensure both modernisation of armed forces and indigenisation progress in tandem, without negatively impacting national security and deterrence posture. The time has come for India to seriously prepare itself for adequate national crisis response and initiate building its national security capability that’s second to none. One hopes that the appointment of the new Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) after a long wait will prioritise policy directions and implement decisive processes to meet and keep pace with the demands of the contemporary and evolving security environment. The acumen of CDS will be tested as he will have to navigate through multiple challenging tasks to ensure India has the required edge geopolitically amidst global security concerns. Raksha Anirveda congratulates Indian Air Force for the mesmerising and spectacular show at Chandigarh on its 90th anniversary, salutes the Air Warriors and wishes them the very best for transforming themselves as an effective force for the future. Finally, team Raksha Anirveda presents October-December 2022 edition for its esteemed readers. As DefExpo 2022 and IAF Day special – the edition provides a glimpse into India’s ‘Path to Pride’ that will be on full display at Gandhinagar showcasing success stories that have brought India’s quest for Atmanirbharta (self-reliance) into the realm of reality. Happy Reading!

Jai Hind!!

Ajit Kumar Thakur Editor & Business Director

Contents

Volume 4 | Issue 19 | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

p20 Partners in progress: 30 years of Indo-ASEAN relations

lead Story

Ensuring Swift Reprisal The grant of emergency powers to armed forces for procurement of essential weapons and equipment is borne out of realistic geopolitical considerations

p32 The CAMCOPTER® S-100: Proven Capability for the Indian Market p38 Why is Russia Facing the Wrong End of the Gun in Ukraine? p40 Drones: Re-inventing Warfare in the 21st Century p44 Hensoldt Group’s Core Competence is to Recognize and Detect Threats and to Protect End Users p46 Wake Up Call For Europe p48 “Given Opportunities, Indian Designers Have the Ability to Perform at Par to Any three phase Large Motor Builders in the World” p50 Boeing Unveils Atmanirbhar Bharat Strategy for India’s Defence Industry

p55-78 IAF @90 Special coverage p58 Security through Deterrence and Power Projection p62 Flying into a Glorious Future p68 IAF Leveraging New Gen Technological Superiority p72 The Indian Air Force: Guardian of the Skies p74 IAF:Present Tense, Future Imperfect?

p79-90 Civil Aviation Section p91-129 defexpo special coverage p130 Appointments p132 News Round Up p150 In News

122

Entire Europe has supported Ukraine against Russia’s invasion. All EU members may consider their future with a strategic vision based on their long-term sovereign interests

The Indian Navy trains its cadre well and inducts technology to ‘Make in India’. Now, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s thrust for self-reliance in the Indian defence forces will propel the nation in manufacturing and exports

Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari candidly response explains IAF’s emergence as a modern fighting force, capable of defending its borders along with force projection outside by transforming itself for the future

Across the world, a few small companies are experimenting with hybrid and electric aircraft. It’s possible that we may see these in the air and operational in the very near future

Airbus has made ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ the Centrepiece of its Strategy in India, says Rémi Maillard, Airbus India and South Asia’s President and Managing Director

EU Countries Facing Navy Develops Landmark Interview: Chief of Air New Security Matrixes Mfg Ecosystem Staff VR Chaudhari

Electric Aircrafts Ready Interview: President & for Take-Off MD, Airbus India & SA

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

ABSOLUTE POWER

Deadly Dragonflies: How Nano Drones Are Making A Big Impact In The Battlespace Nano drones pack a lot of functionality into a tiny form factor and offer commanders a range of capabilities at the tactical level By Rakesh Krishnan Simha

n 2018, India’s elite Special Forces unit, the National Security Guard, acquired the world’s smallest micro drone, the Black Hornet. Weighing just 33 grams and able to fly 25 minutes on a single charge, the drone gives soldiers a new level of stealth capability. Instead of sending scouts to look if any terrorists or enemy fighters are hiding in a targeted area, the Black Hornet can be deployed to look inside compounds and to clear a route through enemy-held spaces.

Black Hornet 3 UAV in flight

Made in Norway by the US company Teledyne FLIR, the Black Hornet is essentially a miniaturised flying camera

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designed to approach enemy positions without being seen or heard, and transmit relatively lowresolution 640 x 480 pixel video

to troops up to 2 km away. It is also able to snap and transmit still photos of 1600 x 1200 pixels, and is equipped with basic thermal imagery to help identify enemy positions at night. The complete system (including two drones, flip screen and joystick controller) weighs 1.3 kg and costs $94,000. Designed to be used as part of the US Army’s Soldier Borne Sensor (SBS) programme – tools carried by an individual soldier to support small unit-level surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities - the Black Hornet provides soldiers with immediate covert situational awareness to help them perform missions more effectively. More than 12,000 of these nano-UAVs have been delivered to defence and security forces worldwide. Recently, Ukraine was awarded a military aid package that included 850 Black Hornets. With Russia certainly developing similar drones to acquire parity with its adversary, the Ukraine War will truly be the coming of age of military nano drones.

Small is beautiful and deadly

Next time you spot a bee or dragonfly around you, take a

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Packing a lot of functionality into a tiny form factor, nano drones are becoming a major military tool. Not only do they offer a quantum leap in surveillance capability, they hold the possibility of conducting swarm attacks on the enemy

ALFA-S (Air Launched Flexible Asset - Swarm)

closer look. What might appear to be an insect could turn out to be a miniature (or nano) drone being controlled by someone far away. This isn’t science fiction but science fact. Packing a lot of functionality into a tiny form factor, nano drones are becoming a major military tool. Not only do they offer a quantum leap in surveillance capability, they hold the possibility of conducting swarm attacks on the enemy. PK Garg writes in “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: An Introduction” (2021) that UAVs are becoming a valuable tool for military commanders in the preparation and execution of missions. “With the increasing use of UAVs in the battlespace, coupled with robust communications systems, data may soon be available to every soldier. The US Army plans to give almost all of its ground combat units tiny drones which can spy on other forces from the sky. These UAVs can be further developed to be used as flying camouflage drones (that will visually mask everything nearby), communication disruptors (that will create zero-communication zones over the targeted areas), and battlefield medical supply

drones (to provide a source of supplies and equipment for battlefield injuries instantly).” According to Group Captain Atul Pant of the Indian Air Force, new generation aerial drones will eventually be at the centre stage of military operations, in both lethal and non-lethal roles. In a paper titled ‘Aerial Drones in Future Wars: A Conceptual Perspective’, presented at the New Delhi-based Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, he writes: “Modern disruptive technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, miniaturised electronics, composites, etc., are taking the capabilities of unmanned systems to new highs and increasing autonomy in their usage by turning them into smart and intelligent machines. With further advancement of technology, their role in warfare is set to increase exponentially.”

Drones: Soldiers of the future

A good intelligence capability is critical to win wars. The right information at the right

time could mean the difference between lives saved and lives lost. This is the area in which nano drones will be used primarily, at least in the early phase. When your mission means everything, intelligent imaging ensures success. Instant access to real-time intelligence of the situation – especially when beyond your line of sight – is vital. “With a camera in the air vehicle, soldiers will be able to see further and around obstacles that they previously wouldn’t be able to see in near real time,” the US Army says in a draft Request for Proposal for Soldier Borne Sensors. Writes Garg: “Drone operators could drop a sophisticated surveillance tool to a restricted area for eavesdropping if there are no power, weight and range issues. Putting a Wi-Fi access point on top of a building, or inside its perimeter, could allow hackers to listen in to data traffic. Drones can also be used to carry traditional spying devices used to eavesdrop on a conversation (such as a laser microphone) and perform key logging (using a microphone).” Weaponised nano drones are next. While the cheapest of these systems can carry only small payloads, the rapidly developing field of nano-energetics or nanoexplosives will dramatically increase their destructive power. T.X. Hammes of the US National Defense University writes: “As early as 2002, nano-

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

absolute power

CH-4 medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle (MALE UAV)

explosives demonstrated an explosive power twice that of conventional explosives. Since research in this field is classified, proprietary, or both, it is difficult to say what, if any progress has been made since that point. But even if double the power is as good as it gets, a 100 per cent increase in destructive power for the same size weapon is a massive increase.” Drone miniaturisation is also driven by logistics. For at least a century, much has been written about the soldier’s load, meaning that they go into combat carrying heavy stuff that inhibits their effectiveness. While a tiny drone, the size of a sparrow or even a bumblebee may not sound like much, it could be enough of a tipping point to limit combat effectiveness. Thus, a lot of emphasis has been placed on weight limitations. The US Army is looking at drones not weighing over 150 grams and perhaps fitting in a soldier’s cargo pocket where it could be trickle charged in two hours or less. Ideally, the

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drone would fly about 1,000 metres, 50 to 70 feet in the air for 10 to 15 minutes. That would considerably enhance the situational awareness of a platoon-sized group, allowing the soldiers to control and dominate their area out to the limits of their small-arms fire capabilities. These mini drones are expected to be as quiet as a bumble bee so as not to alert the enemy. The system should also be simple so that soldiers can operate it with a minimum of training time.

Swarm robotics

As drone technology evolves, the more traditional military uses for unmanned systems are joined by new applications. Smaller drones can work together to target larger aircraft or missiles. This is known as swarm robotics. According to a report titled “The Coming Swarm: The Quality of Quantity” published by the Center for New American Security (CNAS), a foreign policy and national

security think tank, the heightened “vulnerability” of assets to vessels and aircraft has led to investment in emerging robotic technologies that can “fight as a swarm”. The Pentagon’s Strategic Capabilities Office division has tested micro drones that can be deployed in the swarm role. These 3D-printed UAVs were launched from a canister and were instructed to find one another in the air. Ironically, even as countries develop swarm robotics for offensive purposes, they will have to also look to develop systems to protect against foreign swarms. Group Captain Pant believes that from an air force’s point of view, small drones are evolving to become very potent air launched intelligent autonomous weapons. With designs to launch from high speed aerial platforms as well as missile mounted canisters in swarms near the target, and armed with potent customised explosives, small sacrificial drones could splendidly serve the purpose of the air forces for striking soft and semi-soft targets deep inside enemy territory (like parked aircraft inside blast protected shelters in airfields, communication facilities, fuel bowsers, radars, etc., and even strategic value targets like cracking towers of oil refineries), while saturating the enemy airspace as well as radars (always the much preferred tactic by air forces). The tactical employment of drones in contested airspaces is likely to be mostly in mass, where they saturate the airspace and make discernment of the actual lethal ones and the decoys difficult. Size matters. Says Pant:

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Raksha Anirveda

ABSOLUTE POWER work on both general-purpose and military drones has gained traction worldwide, and the global nano drone market could reach $13.4 billion by 2023. Investment in drone R&D is still miniscule in India, but on the bright side India’s leadership position in software can help it capture a significant chunk of this market

“Drones integrated with the first wave of attack in a frontal land assault need to be small, expendable/self-sacrificial winged swarms swooping in, and intelligently targeting soldiers or combat entities at speed and causing a large number of casualties/damage. Besides being low in cost, these would bring shock and awe. These would be much more effective than a few high flying slow drones targeting enemy positions and combatants, where they are likely to be rather easily targeted by the enemy.” Nano drones would be less vulnerable to enemy fire due to their smaller size, and their inbuilt evasive manoeuvring and dodging capability. Since the unit costs would not be very high, large numbers could be packaged together for any mission, including a mix of recoverable as well as expendable/self-sacrificial drones in the package. Designed with stealth, jet engines, electronic warfare suite, and advanced weapons, such drone packages could become a force to reckon with.

India’s opportunity

US-based Allied Market Research says work on both general-

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purpose and military drones has gained traction worldwide, and the global nano drone market could reach $13.4 billion by 2023. Investment in drone R&D is still miniscule in India, but on the bright side India’s leadership position in software can help it capture a significant chunk of this market. A key factor which will influence the role of military drones is artificial intelligence (AI) which, together with miniaturisation of electronics, is likely to give immense capabilities to smaller drones. AI would open up a wide range of functional capabilities in drones, many of which were so far considered unviable to be performed autonomously by machines. Another aspect is managing power. Although miniature drones have become quite common in the past few years, their primary weakness is that most of their battery power goes into making them fly, leaving little energy for other operations. To resolve this issue, scientists are looking to combine algorithms and hardware in a single chip. India’s edge in software could be a game changer if the vast pool of IT talent could be tapped. As AI advances in the future, it is likely to require custom designed chips for drones, with higher processing power along with the miniaturisation of other electronic components and sensors, particularly for smaller drones. This would need an enhanced R&D effort in hardware designing, especially for the nations who are new to the field of drones and AI. Resilience against electronic warfare and cyber warfare will be other challenges in designing drone hardware. Says Group Captain Pant: “A very

sensitive issue is the possibility of backdoors and trapdoors in the imported chips, electronics and software, making them vulnerable to cyber interference or attacks — which can render them totally unusable — even in mass at times. Indigenisation in these fields would be essential.” If India is to make the successful transition from a balancing to a leading power, self reliance in technology is critical. Although a late starter, the Indian military is embracing drones with gusto. The Indian Army, for instance, has taken several technology initiatives in partnership with startups, MSMEs, the private sector, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and defence PSUs. One such project is Offensive Operations that the Army is incubating with a Bangalorebased startup. In a live demonstration for army officers in January 2021, a swarm of 75 drones carried out a series of randomised, autonomous swarming missions without any human intervention and driven by continuous satellite feeds. This was achieved via close interaction between onboard computers, smart artificial intelligence algorithms, advanced photometry and better target designation. The DRDO has also entered the game with its ALFA-S swarming micro-drone designed for surface offensive purposes.

Growing Chinese capabilities

China has a successful military UAV programme, which has been supplying drones to buyers across the world. The varieties of Chinese drones probably now exceeds those in the US.

Raksha Anirveda

ABSOLUTE POWER addition, electromagnetic fields can disrupt their operation. However, it is only a matter of time before the Chinese build better versions of the Dove that can fly in these conditions. China’s drone swarming capability currently exceeds 1,000 drones. Since Pakistan is China’s guinea pig (test market), it is reasonable to expect that the Islamic terror exporting country will at some point get hold of stripped down export models of nano drones like the Dove.

Conclusion Swarm Drones

India’s edge in software could be a game changer if the vast pool of IT talent could be tapped. As AI advances in the future, it is likely to require custom designed chips for drones, with higher processing power along with the miniaturisation of other electronic components and sensors, particularly for smaller drones

The Chinese developed their UAVs on pilfered and reverse engineered technologies, but have subsequently improved upon them to develop the current state-of-the-art ones. Chinese CH-4 UCAVs have already seen employment by the Iraq military in several hundred missions against rebels. In 2017, the attack drone GJ-2 flew over the 8,848 metre high Mount Everest, demonstrating Beijing’s ability to monitor Indian military movements round the clock. China’s EA-03 highaltitude, long-endurance drone is publicised to have a range of 7,000 km, a maximum endurance of 36 hours, advanced command

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communications, and electronic warfare systems. In October 2018, China demonstrated the TW-365 heavy lift cargo drone, and successfully tested the world’s largest unmanned transport drone capable of carrying up to 1.5 tons of load. At the same time, China is strengthening its surveillance network with birdlike small drones. The Chinese government’s “Dove” programme has been building small drones that resemble birds. In the past few years, at least 30 military and government agencies have deployed these fake birds in five provinces. According to Robotics Business Review, these small drones take flight similar to how birds do so, fly up to the speed of 40 kph and have a wingspan of 50 cm. The Doves are equipped with high-definition cameras, flightcontrol systems, GPS antennas, and data links with satellite communication capability. The technology is in its infancy. Tiny drones can be hampered by strong winds, snow, or rain. In

Living in one of the world’s most dangerous neighbourhoods, with radical Islamists on both flanks and an expansionist communist bully on the northern border, India has no choice but to stay ahead of these existential enemies. A close partnership between government agencies and the private sector alone can ensure that developmental work can produce world class drones. With China integrating drones into all wings of its military, it is critical that India accord high priority to military drone development. Robotic warfare expert Peter Singer writes in “Wired for War” that remote warfare is changing mankind’s monopoly on how conflict is fought for the first time in 5,000 years. “All that limits its advance is its application, not the technology. The barriers of war in our society are already lowering.” –The writer is a globally cited defence analyst. His work has been published by leading think tanks, and quoted extensively in books on diplomacy, counter terrorism, warfare and economic development. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

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ANALYSIS

European Countries Facing New Entire Europe has supported Ukraine against Russia’s invasion. European leaders, however, fail to realise that the rest of the world is continuing on its own course with several countries either voting in favour of Russia or abstaining from the UN vote. All EU members may consider their future with a strategic vision based on their long-term sovereign interests By NATALIA FREYTON

egardless of status, nations across Europe are speaking unanimously against the Russian attack on Ukraine. The European block’s unified reaction is striking since the Old Continent is known for its difficulty to find common grounds. This Pavlovian behaviour is indicative of strong wear and tear on the strategic sense that once characterised the old European nations. Metternich, Otto von Bismarck and Charles De Gaulle definitely look like ghost figures.

France and Germany are close behind with the European reaction, and have condemned the Russian attack in no unclear terms. German chancellor Olaf Scholz spoke of the “unscrupulousness of Putin, the blatant injustice, the pain of the Ukrainians [...] a “cold-blooded war of aggression” that was “inhumane and contrary to international law” and that marked a “turning point in the history of our continent”, and warned that the attack would not remain without consequences. French president Emmanuel Macron, on the other hand, said Russia “launched a ‘brutal attack’ on Ukraine in an imperialist, revanchist violation of international law”, with equally fiery rhetoric.

Hard military support

Europe reacting “as one” facing the Russian invasion of Ukraine

The UK, despite years of tension with its ex-allies from the mainland, is at the helm of the rhetorical opposition stance, with a pledge

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that “politically, economically, diplomatically and militarily the “hideous and barbaric venture of Vladimir Putin must end in failure”, also promising support to Ukraine beyond words. Baltic countries and Poland are also at the forefront of political opposition, for obvious reasons of direct security.

Support for Ukraine went far beyond political statements and media punchlines, as the underdog has received unprecedented assistance, in all forms, in its struggle against the Russian giant. Ukraine less and less discreetly receives much help in the form of military training, intelligence and advising. Virtually every country in Europe, alongside Japan, the United States, Canada and Australia has provided Ukraine with substantial military aid. This assistance comes in the form of anti-tank weapons, artillery units, small arms, armoured personnel carriers, attack helicopters and individual combat equipment, to name just a few. Financial aid is not left aside, with comparable commitments in US dollars - 4.5 billion of which were pledged by the US congress alone, to help with the Ukrainian war effort. Overall, Ukraine is due to receive in

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Security Matrixes

Leaders at EU-Western Balkans Summit

excess of 100 billion euros/dollars in emergency relief funds, from across the world - nearly a fifth of its pre-war GNP. The fact that it is one of the most corrupt countries in the world seems to have disappeared from the analysis grid. Finally, support comes in the form of military counselling and training. As stated above, the Western commitment to the crisis places it in a strange “hybrid” position regarding article 5 of NATO, or the mutual assistance agreement which binds EU members. Ukraine is a member of neither, and yet is receiving formidable assistance. Therefore, neither NATO nor the EU are officially at war against Russia, but are providing as much support against it as possible, while inching ever closer to direct conflict with a nuclear power. Even Austria, Sweden and other non-NATO states are lining up, despite official non-alignment. A “strange war” is occurring, with a martial stance against Russia, despite no declaration of war, and despite article 5 not being triggered. Just as intriguing is

Russia’s communication mainly targeting the West, and not Ukraine. But this “not so soft war” may get considerably harder, now that the Ukrainian counter-offensive is heating things up. It is therefore unsurprising that Moscow had prepared countermeasures to the sanctions it knew were inevitably going to occur such as trade bans and the exclusion from the Swift banking network which has crippled Russian banks.

Political stance of the EU core taking a righteous turn

European leaders are eager to shift their lexicon towards the moral and political area, and presenting themselves as human right protectors, in a black-andwhite rendition. Political groups and the media in Europe have adopted a virtuous stance aiming at the defence of human rights and international stability, to justify their quasi-declaration of war on Russia, despite little or

no parliamentary deliberations on the matter. The “axis of evil” concept is back, 30 years after the fall of the Soviet empire. In the days following the onslaught, Deutsche Welle Miodrag Soric wrote that “nobody could imagine Putin committing this crime, or that Russians would follow him in this mad pursuit”, and was soon followed by virtually every political establishment in Europe. No EU countries have actively supported Moscow, but condemning Russia insufficiently is enough to be branded as proRussian, as a country or as a mere citizen. As is too often the case in Europe, only agreeing voices are welcome to debate. Numerous meetings and talks have been held regarding the crisis, but only between leaders, which already had similar opinions on the matter Serbia is compromising its EU candidacy with their Russian popular support. Anti-NATO sentiments, dating back to the Kosovo intervention, are still very strong within the population, to the point that a very large majority supports Russia. In order to preserve its image regarding the West and not infuriate its own constituents, Belgrade opted to send a mere 3 million euros in humanitarian aid to Ukraine - not enough to save face, according to EU leaders. Hungary is also burning its European bridges by siding with Moscow, because of its dependence on Russian energy, and its unwillingness to face the backlash of sanctions, which other European nations are now suffering from.

“International community” and the rest of the world

By being too convinced of their opinions, or excessively docile towards the US, European leaders are failing to see that their response to the European crisis is not the only

What is really at stake is Europeans’ ability to move away from an excessive adherence to a worldview that benefits first and foremost the United States and their few closest allies

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

ANALYSIS

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit in Tajikistan

It is high time that the matter of sovereignty and reduced dependence, which is considered by ruling elites only with regards to Russia, now encompass all nations

possible one, and to realise that the rest of the world is continuing on its own course. They invoke the loosely defined “international community” as a moral guarantee, conveniently forgetting about the forty-some countries, which either voted in favour of Russia or abstained at the UN vote in March, including South Africa, China and India. China is choosing its own diplomatic stance, mostly composed of silence and refrain. Officially, Beijing has not provided Russia with any form of practical support, but its refusal to join the European condemnation of Russia at the UN summit has been equated by the West as pro-Russian sentiment, as was the case for South Africa, India and Hungary. India has chosen not to scuttle its long-term relations with Russia, as PM Modi repeated his well-wishes towards Russia in the 2022 SCO summit: “Today’s era isn’t of war & I’ve spoken to you about it on the call. Today we’ll get the opportunity to talk about how can we progress on the path of peace. India-Russia has stayed together with each other for several decades.” India has worked on building a fruitful relationship to Russia over a very long period, and sees no reason to breach its

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neutrality tradition for a matter of no threat to Indian security. Finally, the 2022 Vladivostok summit showed China sticking to its non-involvement policy and willing to maintain and develop economic ties with Russia, as before. China and Russia have also struck a deal for a gas pipeline project which will both stimulate the Russian economy, ruble included, and bolster Russia’s relevance on the international scene. More broadly, the incipient relaxation of SinoIndian relations, the SCO meetings and their growing dynamism, and the neo-sovereignist rhetoric of a number of African countries illustrate a slow but probable “de-Westernization” of the world, which goes hand in hand with the upcoming de-dollarisation of international trade rarely noted by the Western mainstream media.

Europe is on thin ice

Perhaps the European Union alignment is not so much the result of proximity between its own interests and that of the United States, but more of its incapacity to think on its own feet and carve out sovereign strategies. If that were the case, countries like India and China

would take an unprecedented leap in sovereignty and importance on the global scene, leaving Europe behind as mere vassal States. What is really at stake is European people and elites’ ability to move away from an excessive adherence to a world view which benefits first and foremost the United States and their few closest allies, and make it ever more dependent on them. It is therefore high time that the matter of sovereignty and reduced dependence, which is considered by ruling elites only with regards to Russia, now encompass all nations, so that all member-States of the European Union (which, despite the European Commission’s claims, is not monolithic) may consider their future with a true strategic vision based on their long-term sovereign interests. Other countries in the world would be inspired to do likewise, to assess the benefits and ways in which they can partake in the permanent alliances which they are offered. – The writer is a defence and security industry consultant having varied experience working with medium and large companies majorly in European market. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

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Raksha Anirveda

Analysis

Ensuring Swift Reprisal The grant of emergency powers to armed forces for procurement of essential weapons and equipment is borne out of realistic geo-political considerations By Ravi Srivastava

n 22nd August the Defense Acquisition Council, government’s highest decision making body on defense procurements granted emergency powers to armed forces for procurement of essential weapons and equipment. This provision has been in place since the Kargil war and subsequently various governments have resorted to it. Recently, such emergency powers have been granted after the incidents of Uri and Galwan. This is the third such grant given to the Armed Forces after 2020 LAC conflict. Emergency procurements are not the norm and neither exclusive to India but it remains the quickest route to obviate any critical deficiencies during unforeseen security threats. It is like administering oxygen to a person gasping for breath. While, it just may

save the life but is certainly not a solution by itself. This may also lead to questions on appropriate management of war waging capabilities of armed forces, something which is ideally expected to be of highest order at all times. But before simplistic

conclusions are drawn, there is need to understand the defense procurement procedure as it exists today. The MoD’s Defense Acquisition Procedure 2020 (DAP 2020) is the mother document which lays down guidelines for various defense procurements by the armed forces. It was first initiated in 2002 and has undergone eight revisions till date. Armed forces procure weapons or equipment under various categories – these can be critical spares, sub systems, high end munitions, upgradations or new weapon platform. The new purchases especially, go through multiple stages from floating request for information (RFIs), carrying out technical vetting to competitive trials. The DAP 2020 stipulates timeframe of up to two years for completing the process, which has to be deliberate and naturally consumes time despite best efforts from all stakeholders.

The Current Scope

Indian Army on patrol

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Presently, the government has capped capital acquisitions to Rs 300 crore while upgradation of existing systems can be undertaken through revenue budget capped at Rs 500 crore for each such expenditure, preferably from Indian sources, thus complimenting overall

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intent of ‘Atmanirbharta’ or self-reliance. In past three years, the government has gradually banned imports of 310 defense items; while simultaneously incentivising local manufacturing. These efforts have shown remarkable results, in FY 2021-22 planned local sourcing of 64% was exceeded to 65.5%. The target for FY 2022-23 has been revised to 68% while 25% R&D budget has been set aside for private sector. Such bold measures are expected to further boost the confidence of Indian entrepreneurs. The data for emergency procurement in last two years shows expenditures of Rs 20,776 crore and Rs 21,000 crore over and above budgetary allocations. Notable items acquired include UAVs, assault rifles and standoff missiles for the Air Force. However, frequently resorting to emergency provisions is also termed by some as panic buying,

USS Preble (DDG-88), USS Halsey (DDG-97) and USS Sampson (DDG-102) behind the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71)

The new purchases go through multiple stages from floating RFIs, carrying out technical vetting to competitive trials. The DAP 2020 stipulates timeframe of up to two years for completing the process, which has to be deliberate and naturally consumes time despite best efforts from all stakeholders

Why Now? DRDO Rustom-II UAV

reflecting ad-hoc planning on behalf of service headquarters and provisioning from the government. But, as a matter of fact, service headquarters have their criticalities well recorded at any given time. Only explicable justification could be matching

of finite resources and desired requirements. The key remains a multifaceted response by means of right sizing, better prioritising and realistic budgetary outlay to ensure emergency procurements are minimised, if not done away with altogether.

Most interesting part remains the timing; normally such exercise is preceded by impending hostilities. However, at present there isn’t any fresh development to suggest the same. But the emerging security dynamics around South China Sea, repeated violations of ‘Median Line’ in Taiwan straits by China and its continued border standoff with India have all aggravated the impulsive security balance in India’s extended neighbourhood.

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Analysis

The emerging security dynamics around South China Sea, repeated violations of ‘Median Line’ in Taiwan straits by China and its continued border standoff with India have all aggravated the impulsive security balance in India’s extended neighbourhood. In the given context, this emergency grant appears to be result of holistic security assessment beyond India’s immediate borders

In the given context, this emergency grant appears to be result of holistic security assessment beyond India’s immediate borders. In simple words India is shoring up its defense preparedness for much bigger stakes.

Future Impact

The territorial ambitions of China have pushed it into a twofront conflict. US Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Mike Gilday’s recent statements that –“They now force China to not only look East, toward the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait, but they now have to be looking over their shoulder at India” has laid bare

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some geostrategic realities. This is a crucial development; indications suggest that India will not be party to any US-led operation against China, but its strong posture across LAC is expected to tie down at least a Chinese theater level force. It is precisely this challenge that India is looking to quickly address. India strongly perceives this approach as realistic and strategically manageable for three reasons. Firstly, India’s strong military posture across LAC is not sudden; it’s there since Galwan happened. Secondly, it’s a defensive posture after all; it’s not a collusion with the US to mount joint military operations against China, a line more accommodative with India’s second special strategic partner Russia. Thirdly, India will still able to fulfill its contribution of military component within QUAD framework. This coordinated approach has important spinoffs; militarily India gets an equally important diversion of Chinese resources due to the US-led maneuvers in South China Sea. India would payback China

in the same coin what China did to India by activating second front across LAC. Clearly, China too cannot afford a ‘Two Front Conflict’ at the same time. In the current security matrix of Indo Pacific, Indian actions fits perfectly synchronised with anticipated and deliberately ambiguous security role of QUAD. The government’s current decision will further aid in credibly enhancing the response across LAC at the earliest. It is just one action and surely wouldn’t be isolated one. The bigger aspects of jointly coordinating the response with the United States will remain the major challenge along with, continued push for ‘Atmanirbharta’. These developments will surely be an object of interest for both friends and adversaries. For India, the stakes are absolutely enormous and the margin of success razor thin. –The writer has varied experience in security paradigm and is a keen follower of international geopolitics. He is also the author of popular blog site (geostrat.in) on geo-strategic affairs. The views expressed are of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Regional Cooperation

Partners in progress:

30 years of Indo-ASEAN relations The year 2022 marks the 30th anniversary of dialogue relations between ASEAN and India. As far as India is concerned, ASEAN’s special status is embedded in India’s Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) and Act East Policy. India places ASEAN at the Centre of its Indo-Pacific vision of Security and Growth for All in the Region By Neeraj Mahajan

ndia’s diplomatic engagements with the ASEAN members date back to the World War 2 era when India supported the independence of Indonesia and Myanmar and was a prominent participant at the 1955 Bandung Conference. India was also among the first countries to formally recognise Singapore and establish diplomatic relations with it – just 15 days after it became independent in August 1965. India’s bilateral relationship with ASEAN gathered momentum and accelerated in the early 90s when India was looking for new friends to fill the void left by the collapse of the Soviet Union and Southeast Asia appeared on the horizon as a promising destination. Over the next decade, India’s equation with ASEAN changed from being just a friend to a strategic partner. In 2015, India set up a separate Mission to strengthen its ties with the grouping in Jakarta, where the ASEAN is headquartered. Subsequently, the leaders of all the ASEAN countries were invited to be the chief guests of India’s Republic Day parade in 2018. Since then, the relationship between the 1.35 billion people of India and the 650 million people of ASEAN has been soaring high, particularly in diverse areas like trade, investment, security, and defence.

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Addressing the 18th IndoASEAN Summit, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “The year 2022 will mark the completion of 30 years of our partnership. India will also complete 75 years of its Independence. I am very glad that we will celebrate this important milestone as the ‘Year of ASEAN-India Friendship.” “History is witness that India and ASEAN have had vibrant relations for thousands of years. Shades of that are visible in our shared values, traditions, languages, texts, architecture, culture, food and, therefore, the unity and centrality of ASEAN have

always been an important priority for India,” he added. Echoing almost similar sentiments External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar highlighted the importance of ties between India and ASEAN and the centrality of ASEAN to the Indo-Pacific. “It is important that we — India, the ASEAN, and our relationship — we recognise that a different world awaits us. It is one that puts a greater premium on trust

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and transparency, resilience and reliability, as also on choices and redundancy,” he said. “Our contemporary conversations will be relevant only if we adequately capture these emerging concerns,” he noted.

Areas of Convergence

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is one of the most influential groupings in the region, with India, the U.S.A, China, Japan, and Australia being its dialogue partners. ASEAN’s primary objective is to accelerate economic growth through social and cultural development and its secondary objective is to promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of the United Nations charter. As far as India is concerned, ASEAN’s special status is embedded in India’s Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) and Act East Policy. India places ASEAN at the Centre of its Indo-Pacific vision of Security and Growth for All in the Region. Southeast Asia is both geographically and strategically located in India’s extended neighborhood, almost at the

centre of the Indo-Pacific. India and the ten ASEAN member-states –including Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia are home to about two billion people, account for 30 percent of the world’s population, and a combined GDP of over $3.8 trillion. India is one of ASEAN’s top trading and investment partners. ASEAN is the world’s fifth largest economy and is expected to become the fourth largest by 2030. India too is projected to be the world’s third largest economy by 2050. India and ASEAN have a free trade agreement. ASEAN is a formidable economic force in the world today – with a promising future. The India-ASEAN trade has crossed $100 billion. This is a good sign but requires attention as over the years many ASEAN member-states have become more and more dependent on China for trade making them susceptible to Chinese bullying. All member states, except Singapore, have trade deficits with China today. This is where the role of the United States comes in. Significantly the USA has maintained its military presence in the region for decades, now China is

fast catching up not only regionally, but globally as well. The US-China show of strength in the South China Sea and Strait of Malacca is a matter of concern for many ASEAN nations. India too cannot afford to ignore it, as nearly 55% of India’s trade with the IndoPacific region passes through the South China Sea. It is in India’s interest to keep its trade routes safe and secure. India and ASEAN share many common areas of concern on political and security issues. India has signed ‘strategic partnerships’ with four ASEAN countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam, and is a member of various ASEAN forums like the East Asia Summit, ASEAN Regional Forum, and the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting. The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) is the main forum for security dialogue and India has been attending all its meetings since 1996 and actively participated in its activities. The ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting (ADMM) is the highest defence consultative and cooperative mechanism in ASEAN. The ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus) involving eight Dialogue Partners,

India and the ten ASEAN memberstates – including Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia are home to about two billion people, and account for 30 per cent of the world’s population and a combined GDP of over $3.8 trillion

Prime Minister Narendra Modi with ASEAN Foreign Ministers in New Delhi Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Regional Cooperation

ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ at the Special ASEANIndia Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in New Delhi

Many ASEAN memberstates have become more and more dependent on China for trade making them susceptible to Chinese bullying. All member states, except Singapore, have trade deficits with China today

collectively called ‘Plus Countries’, is yet another platform under the ASEAN framework to ensure peace and stability in the region. The ADMM-Plus meets annually to collectively deal with common security challenges facing the region. India is one of the founding members of the East Asia Summit (EAS), another ASEAN-centred diplomatic forum comprising of 18 countries. The EAS is one of the most crucial components of the ASEAN framework, seeking to build an environment of strategic trust in the region. At the 14th East Asia Summit in Bangkok Prime Minister Modi announced a new initiative for regional cooperation, known as the ‘Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative’ (IPOI), aimed at building new partnerships to create a secure and stable maritime domain in the region. ASEAN would like to avoid being caught in tussle for power between the super-powers. Towards this end, ASEAN member-states signed the ‘Treaty of Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone’ also known as the ‘Bangkok Treaty’ to keep the region free of nuclear and all other weapons of mass destruction. Today, Southeast Asia in spite of being surrounded by nuclear-weapon states continues to be one of the five NWFZs in the world.

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The Indian Navy hosted the 11th edition of the multilateral naval exercise called ‘Exercise Milan’, off the coast of Vishakhapatnam, early this year, which saw the participation of over 40 countries, 26 ships, one submarine, and 21 aircraft. This year the U.S. Navy was among the participating nations while Singapore, Thailand, and Indonesia have been participating in the exercise since 1995. India has also been conducting bilateral coordinated patrols with several ASEAN nations. Recently, the Philippines an ASEAN member signed a $375 million deal to buy ‘BrahMos’ missiles made in India to secure its coastal defence against growing Chinese hostility. However, many ASEAN members themselves have differences of opinion on sensitive issues like the South China Sea, the Coup in Myanmar, human rights, narcotics trafficking, refugee flows, and terrorism. While Malaysia and Indonesia have been mounting pressure on ASEAN not to invite leaders of the ruling junta in Myanmar to important summits, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam are pushing ASEAN to do just the opposite. Likewise, India and ASEAN too have differences of opinion on China which happens to be a

geopolitical puzzle. While many ASEAN countries like Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam which have borne the brunt of China’s aggressive moves would like to avoid a pro-China tilt, Cambodia is favorably inclined and keeps blocking joint statements on the South China Sea. ASEAN also does not like the idea of the US, Japan, Australia, and India, coming together to collectively form QUAD which is seen as ganging up against China. ASEAN does not want to be caught in a crossfire or entangled in a power struggle between the two dispensations in the IndoPacific region. To put things in perspective, relations between India and ASEAN are good but not the best. The IndoASEAN relationship can grow from strength to strength and the future is bright– but it needs sustained efforts by both sides. This alone can improve goodwill and help strengthen the bonds of friendship between the governments and people on both sides. -The writer is a seasoned media professional with over three decades of experience in print, electronic, and web media. He is presently Editor of Taazakhabar News. The views expressed are of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Envisioning Defence Innovation and Invention

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Raksha Anirveda

Regional Cooperation

Strengthening Ties between India and Egypt for Strategic Advantage India and Egypt are two ancient civilizations that have withstood the ravages of time and invading armies. The two nations have had ties since early times, and the friendship is stronger than ever. There is a mutual respect and recognition of each other’s prowess and prominence, and the benefit in harnessing them for both. For their own protection and economic gains, it is vital that the two nations go from strength to strength in their relationship Defence Minister Rajnath Singh visits Egypt

By Col Rajeev Agarwal

D 24

efence Minister Rajnath Singh signed an MoU on defence cooperation with Egypt during his first visit to Egypt on September 21, 2022. During the visit, the minister held wide-ranging discussions with Egyptian Defence Minister General Mohamed Zaki, and a call-on with the Egyptian president Fateh Al Sisi. The two sides discussed avenues for deeper cooperation, including the fight against terrorism, maritime security and the purchase & co-production of military platforms. Egypt is one of the many countries that has evinced interest in purchasing Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) ‘Tejas’. This visit comes at a time when both India and Egypt value each other as partners, and seek deeper engagement. 2022 is of particular significance since it marks the

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75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between India and Egypt, as both countries had established formal diplomatic relations on 18th August 1947.

India-Egypt Relations: A Background India and Egypt are two of the world’s ancient civilizations with a history of close contact. Numerous historians have recorded the common heritage of the ancient civilizations of these two countries. Some historians have attempted to conclude that the Dravidians from India laid the foundations of Egyptian civilization. Egyptians also believe in the traditional discourse that they originally came from the South, from a land called Punt, which a historian, Dr H.R. Hall, thought

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referred to some part of India. Adolf Erman (1854-1937), author of the book “Life in ancient Egypt”. There is also a clear mention of good relations with Egypt in Emperor Ashoka’s edicts. In Ashoka’s thirteenth rock edict, inscribed in the early decades of the third century B. C, Ashoka mentions his contacts with Ptolemy II Philadelphus of

to align with the US and India ideologically aligned with the USSR during the cold war period, the relations remained low-key. Ties remained stagnant until a breakthrough in November 2008, when President Hosni Mubarak visited India. Bilateral ties had stalled due to mutual neglect, and it was time to change that. Both sides decided to establish a Strategic and Security Policy Dialogue at the level of foreign ministers.

Importance of Egypt

Egypt (285-246 BC). In modern history, the freedom movement of both countries had common threads wherein Mahatma Gandhi and Saad Zaghloul shared similar goals towards gaining independence. The formation of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was a clear manifestation of not only very close relations between Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser but also a common vision of global order. India-Egypt relations could not, however, maintain the positive momentum in the coming decades, especially after Anwar Sadat became the President. With Sadat choosing

Straddling three continents; Asia, Africa and Europe (across the Mediterranean Sea), Egypt is a pillar of the Arab world and a key regional leader of the African continent. The Suez Canal, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, offers the shortest sea link between the East and the West. As the largest Arab nation with a population of over 80 million, Egypt has traditionally played a central role in regional politics for decades. Egypt plays a pivotal role in managing relations with Iran and Turkey and combating sea piracy across the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. Egypt also possesses one of the largest and most well-equipped armed forces in the region and has the 10th largest army in the world. Egypt’s importance to the area is therefore undeniable. As a result, there is a strong connection between the various developments within Egypt and the region. Recently, especially after the ‘Arab Spring’, Egypt’s relations with global powers have undergone significant realignments. Egypt-U.S. relations are no longer on the same pedestal as in the Mubarak era. Conversely, Egypt’s relations with Russia and China are improving, as evidenced by a purchase deal of 46 Attack Helicopters from Russia, and the signing of a comprehensive

strategic partnership agreement with China. Egypt-Saudi Arabia relations are also on the upswing. Both countries have signed an agreement to set up a 60 billion Saudi riyal investment fund in Egypt, including an economic free zone to develop Egypt’s Sinai region. Saudi Arabia also announced the construction of a bridge across the Red Sea to link Egypt, while Egypt transferred sovereignty of its two islands, Tiran and Sanafir, to Saudi Arabia.

India and Egypt: Possibilities of a Deeper Engagement

India’s interests in Egypt go well beyond historical relations. Egypt, with its history of pan-Arab leadership, and being the most populous nation in Africa, is critically important to India. India clearly recognizes the status that Egypt enjoys in the West Asian region. Stability in Egypt is a key to stability in the region. As India seeks to expand its economic and strategic interests in the Gulf region and Africa and further strengthen its ‘Look West’ policy, peace and stability in the area are critical. Egypt forms a key vector in this equation. Both President Sisi and PM Modi came to power in May 2014. Since then, there has been a concerted effort to revitalise the relationship. Several bilateral visits have fructified as a result. In August 2015, the visit of former External Affairs Minister, the Late Sushma Swaraj to Egypt, resulted in the two sides scaling up security and counter-terror cooperation. President Sisi visited India in 2016, a significant step in the two countries coming closer. Additionally, President Sisi has had meetings with PM Modi more than thrice in the recent past. Egypt also collaborated closely with India

Some historians have attempted to conclude that the Dravidians from India laid the foundations of Egyptian civilization

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Regional Cooperation

Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Egyptian President Abdel Fattah Al Sisi

As India seeks to expand its economic and strategic interests in the Gulf region and Africa and further strengthens its ‘Look West’ policy, peace and stability in the area are critical. Egypt forms a key vector in this equation

during the Covid pandemic and is now eagerly seeking India’s help in meeting its requirements for wheat imports, which were affected by the war in Ukraine. On the defence and security front too, engagements have intensified since 2015. These include the visit of the Minister of Defence of Egypt, General Sedki Sobhi, in 2017 and the visit of our Defence Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, in 2018. In February 2021, the Commander-in-Chief of Egyptian Armed Forces, Minister of Defence & Military Production, General Mohamed Ahmed Zaki, participated virtually in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) Defence Ministers Conclave at Bengaluru. India’s Chief of Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari, visited Egypt in November-December 2021. The first ever IAF-EAF Joint Tactical Air Exercise, Dessert Warrior, was held from October 29-31, 2021. The signing of an MoU on defence cooperation and the possible sale of LCA ‘Tejas’ is likely to give a fillip to the ties. Trade ties are also an important part of the engagement. Egypt has traditionally been one of India’s most important trading partners in the African continent. The IndiaEgypt Bilateral Trade Agreement signed in March 1978, is based

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on the Most Favoured Nation clause. Bilateral trade expanded in 2021-22, amounting to 7.26 billion, registering a 75% increase compared to FY 2020-21. India’s exports to Egypt during this period amounted to US$ 3.74 billion, registering a 65% increase over the same period in FY 2020-21. According to the Egyptian Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS), India was the 3rd largest export market for Egypt, 6th largest trading partner and 7th largest exporter to Egypt. The Suez Canal and the Gulf of Aden are key routes of trade for India. About 20-24 Indian flagged merchant ships transit the Gulf of Aden every month. Threatened with a shortage of wheat due Russia-Ukraine conflict, the Egyptian Cabinet on 14th April 2022, announced the inclusion of India in the list of accredited countries which can supply wheat to Egypt, thus ending a long pending Non-Tariff Barrier. Promptly, India cleared an initial shipment of 61,500 metric tons of wheat for Egypt on May 17, 2022. Space cooperation is an emerging area of cooperation, and an MoU was signed in 2008. Egypt established EgSA (Egyptian Space Agency) in

2019 and seeks greater cooperation with ISRO. Culture is another close bond between the two countries. The Maulana Azad Centre for Indian Culture (MACIC) was set up in Cairo in 1992 to promote cultural cooperation. ‘Sawt-ul-Hind’, flagship Arabic magazine published by Indian Embassy, reached a milestone in July 2017 by publishing its 500th edition, depicting the strong bond and vibrant cultural exchanges between the two countries. Yoga has gained immense popularity in Egypt. To mark the 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, a commemorative stamp on Mahatma Gandhi was released by Egypt Post on 6th November 2019. Shri Hardeep Singh Puri, Minister of State (IC) for Civil Aviation, unveiled a bronze bust at Al-Horreya Park in Zamalek on the same day. Egypt has named a street in Cairo after Mahatma Gandhi. India has the world’s thirdlargest Muslim population and the world’s largest Muslim population in terms of a minority population. Of the Muslims in India, the Sunni sect forms the majority. Among other Muslim voices from the West Asian region, Egypt’s Al Azhar University and Mosque influence the Muslims of India, another important factor in bilateral relations. Egypt and India are, therefore, important to each other. Both are looking at avenues of deeper cooperation and convergence at multiple levels of engagement. With Egypt being the ‘Gateway to Africa’ for India and a crucial partner in seeking strategic convergence with stakeholders in the region, the time is now ripe for the two countries to take this relationship forward, seeking greater strategic convergence. -The writer is an army veteran, a research scholar and analyst on international relations and Assistant Director at MPIDSA New Delhi. The views expressed are of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Raksha Anirveda

guest column

DAP 2020: Has it Delivered? amit cowshish

Though not a true indication of the impact of DAP 2020 on finalisation of contracts within the timeframe, the decline in average numbers of contract signing per year post DAP 2020 is indicative of the slow pace. Voluntary disclosure of information at regular intervals would assist in assessing DAP 2020’s impact on probity and accountability in the procurement process and reorient the present approach

ndia’s defence acquisition regime is currently governed by Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020 (DAP 2020). It came into effect on October 1, 2020, superseding Defence Procurement Procedure 2016 (DPP 2016). Like all its previous versions, DAP 2020 is a curious mix of policies and procedures applicable to procurement of equipment, weapon systems, force multipliers, and various other platforms -or, simply ‘capital acquisitions’- for the armed forces and the Indian Coast Guard. The current DAP 2020, already updated twice in November 2021 and April this year, is to remain in force till September 30, 2025, unless ‘reviewed’ - implying replacement by another version - earlier. There have been seven such reviews since 2002 when the first DPP was promulgated by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). This was among several ‘reforms’ carried out on the recommendation of the Group of Ministers on National Security System in the wake of the 1999 Kargil war. The objective of the DPP/DAP has remained unchanged over the years. ‘The primary objective of this procedure’, declared

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DPP 2002, ‘is to ensure expeditious procurement of the approved requirements of the Armed Forces in terms of (the) capabilities sought and time frame prescribed by optimally utilising the allocated budgetary resources … (and demonstrating) the highest degree of probity and public accountability, transparency in operations, free competition, and accountability… (while keeping in mind) the goal of self-reliance in defence equipment’. Later editions expanded the objective to include MoD’s intent to provide a ‘level-playing The overall field’ (to the private and public sectors) and declared objective that ‘self-reliance in defence of DAP 2020 equipment production and includes free acquisition will be steadfastly competition pursued as a key aim’. The and a levelobjective set out in DAP 2020 playing field has been elaborated further for all vendors. by including the declaration Though that its ‘ultimate aim (is) to unexcepdevelop India as a global tionable, defence manufacturing hub. these are Twenty years of pursuit amorphous and of the same objectives, and past two years of focus on unquantifiable developing India into a concepts, global manufacturing hub, not easily constitute a reasonably long implementable enough period to assess in the context the outcome of the policies of defence and procedures devised to acquisitions achieve those objectives.

In a broad sense, and going by the objectives stated in DAP 2020 and earlier DPPs, the results could be assessed on five counts: procurement of the defence materiel within the prescribed time frame; ‘optimal’ utilisation of the allocated budget; probity, accountability and transparency in the procurement process; free competition and a levelplaying field for all vendors, and self-reliance in defence manufacturing. The ‘broad’ timeframe prescribed in DPP 2016 required a procurement contract to be signed in the normal course within 70 to 114 weeks from the time the acquisition proposal was approved in principle, referred to as ‘Acceptance of Necessity’ in the official jargon. In DAP 2020, this timeframe was reduced to 62 to 106 weeks. An additional 12 weeks are permitted if the acquisition involves winter trials. As for the proposals initiated under the Fast Track Procedure, DAP 2020 requires the contracts to be awarded within 122 to 216 days of their initiation, and the supplies to be made within 3 to 12 months thereafter. No official data is available on the average time it takes for the contracts to be finalised in real practice. However,

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disparate information furnished by the MoD to the Standing Committee on Defence and in reply to the parliament questions shows that on average 50 contracts were being signed every year between 2015-16 and 2018-19. This average has come down to around 45 contracts per year going by the data for the subsequent years up to June 2022, which includes the post-DAP 2020 period. These averages may, or may not, be a true indication of the impact of DAP 2020 on finalisation of contracts within the timeframe envisaged therein, but it is indicative of the slow pace at which new contracts continue to be finalised. More definitive conclusions about DAP 2020’s impact on conclusion of contracts within the prescribed timeframe cannot be drawn unless the MoD routinely discloses the relevant data and information. Voluntary disclosure of information at regular intervals as regards the status of the major, if not all, acquisition programmes is also necessary for assessing DAP 2020’s impact on probity and accountability in the procurement process. Such voluntary disclosures will make life easier for the vendors who often complain, albeit privately, of being in the dark about the MoD’s decision-making process. Being as transparent as possible would be in the spirit of the Right to Information Act, 2005 which is intended to ‘promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority’, in large measure through voluntary disclosures. The overall objective of DAP 2020 includes free competition and a level-

The DAP 2020 envisages a revised threetiered defence planning architecture: a 10-year Integrated Capability Development Plan consisting of two 5-year DCAPs, with the latter being broken down into 2-year rollon AAPs

playing field for all vendors. Though unexceptionable, these are amorphous and unquantifiable concepts, not easily implementable in the context of defence acquisitions. Most of the acquisitions by the MoD have been -and continue to be- through limited tendering confined to two or three vendors or through a single source. The latter is particularly true of acquisitions from the United States through under its Foreign Military Sales programme. Level-playing field for the public and private sector companies too is a difficult goal to achieve. Presently, there are 16 Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs),

including seven created following corporatisation of the 41 ordnance factories which were managed by the Ordnance Factory Board. Given the fact that defence is a monopsony and there is perpetual shortage of funds for procurement of capital goods and services, the private sector will have to contend with the DPSUs which have a competitive edge over the private sector and, more importantly, are unlikely to be thrown under the bus by any government for a variety of reasons. This brings up the question whether the limited budget allocated for capital acquisitions is being utilised ‘optimally’ as this too forms a part of DAP 2020’s objective. This is important, considering that the gap between

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

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guest column

the requirement projected by the armed forces and the budgetary allocation has not only persisted but widened over the years. The gap during the current year is more than Rs one lakh crore, of which more than Rs 63,000 crore is under the capital outlay for the services. Optimisation is possible only through efficient planning, but this has traditionally been a weak area. The DAP 2020 envisages a revised three-tiered defence planning architecture: a 10-year Integrated Capability Development Plan (ICDP) consisting of two 5-year Defence Capability Acquisition Plans (DCAPs), with the latter being broken down into 2-year roll-on Annual Acquisition Plans (AAPs). The AAPs form the basis of the actual acquisitions by the MoD. There is no indication whether financially viable ICDP and DCAPs have been formulated in the last two years since the promulgation of DAP 2020, but the AAPs continue to be formulated. It is difficult to say to what extent these AAPs are based on financially viable prioritisation of acquisition proposals without which optimisation of budget is not possible.

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A great amount of attention Defence Minister is currently being paid by the Rajnath Singh MoD to achieving self-reliance in defence manufacturing through indigenisation. Many of the new features of DAP 2020, such as introduction of ‘innovation’ by the Indian entities as a mode of procurement, are The real test of intended to promote this self-reliance objective. Some measures is whether taken subsequently, such all critical as notification of Positive technologies Indigenisation Lists to needed to progressively ban import of defence materiel, earmarking manufacture of 68% of the capital budget the equipment for local procurement, and required by the reservation of 25% of the armed forces R&D budget for the Indian are available companies, too are intended within the to promote self-reliance. country, as Eighteen major platforms access to such have also been identified technologies, by the MoD for industry led if denied by design and development by the foreign the Indian industry. countries Much of this remains work-in-progress. In fact, the in difficult scheme for expending 25% of times, could the R&D budget on research upend India’s and development by the quest for selfIndian industry is yet to be reliance notified, six months after it

was announced by the finance minister in her budget speech. Meanwhile, MoD continues to measure the success of its policies concerning self-reliance with reference to the number of acquisition contracts awarded to the Indian companies. In reply to a question in the Lok Sabha on July 29 regarding self-sufficiency -a term that is used interchangeably with self-reliance, despite the subtle difference between the two- it was stated by Minister of State Ajay Bhatt that between 1st of April 2019 and 30th of June this year, 161 contracts had been signed for capital procurement of defence equipment, of which, 107 contracts accounting for 70% of total value of all the contracts had been signed with the Indian vendors. This cannot be a true measure of self-sufficiency or self-reliance -terms used interchangeably despite a subtle difference between the two. The real test of self-reliance is whether all critical technologies needed to manufacture the equipment required by the armed forces are available within the country, as access to such technologies, if denied by the foreign countries in difficult times, could upend India’s quest for self-reliance. It is necessary to strategize India’s march towards selfreliance in defence production by evolving financially viable plans and ensure that the policies and procedures facilitate the realisation of the ‘ultimate goal’. This requires reorientation of the present approach which focusses more on the policies and procedures than the underlying objectives. – The writer is Ex-Financial Advisor (Acquisition), Ministry of Defence

Raksha Anirveda

Business Initiative

the CAMCOPTER S-100: Proven Capability for the Indian Market ®

Schiebel having closely monitored the Indian market and its growth potential has big plans to ‘Make in India’. With a long term business focus in the region, Schiebel wants to support and grow with the Indian industry by creating jobs and developing technology and offering the best Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) UAS available in the global market By Neil Hunter

Neil Hunter, Director of Business Development, Schiebel Corporation

chiebel has been monitoring the Indian market for many years and has witnessed the extensive growth in UAS requirements – both military and commercial – that will benefit from the capabilities that rotary VTOL UAS would bring. A good example of this is the requirement for autonomous tactical ship borne UAS by the Indian Navy, which is being steered under the Make in India mandate by the MoD. Our rotary solution is also ideal for the Indian Coast Guard for ISR as well as Search & Rescue. The current geo-political maneuvering in the Indian Ocean mandates robust tactical UAVs operating from ships as well as dedicated monitoring of island assets. Further, the Indian Army is on the lookout for a robust logistics UAS for meeting the supply chain at high altitude terrain and we are well suited for meeting this requirement with the S-100 for mid-level altitude and with S-300 (under development) for meeting all high altitude requirements. ISR for ground troops is another area where we are well positioned to participate under the “Make in India” mandate.

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All three services have indicated that MannedUnmanned Teaming (MUM-T) is going to be the future for air warfare both for the fixed wing and the rotary wing domain. The LOI-5 capability of the CAMCOPTER ® S-100 positions it as one of the only MUM-T options for the new generation helicopters in the Indian Armed Forces, namely MH-60R, Apaches, LAH (Light Attack Helicopter) and ALH

(Advanced Light Helicopter). We are also developing a market in the oil and gas sector for India, bringing one of the most suitable solutions for upstream logistics as is being provided in Europe, Scandinavia and South America to name a few. With the drone market in India opening up, Schiebel is working on potential tenders for tactical UAVs required for the paramilitary forces. The long range and endurance of the S-100 make it suitable for project monitoring, urban surveillance and coastal policing requirements. The CAMCOPTER ® S-100 system is proven to operate effectively and efficiently in extreme environments. Customers routinely employ the S-100 capability in arctic conditions down to -40°C and

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deserts up to +55°C, as well as in climatic zones of extreme humidity. The VTOL UAS is runwayindependent without the need for launch and recovery equipment. It is designed to operate up to 18,000 feet in ISA conditions and its endurance exceeds 6 hours with a full fuel load and 34 kg (75 lb) of payload. The optional external fuel tank further extends flight time to more than 10 hours. System deployment is possible from a small ISO container, static or mobile. The S-100 multi-sensor capability enables the monitoring of borders and provides many opportunities for local authority support. The S-100 has a proven multi terrain capability with multiple sensors to address various kinds of operational profiles. Whether it is the tactical littoral operations or the surveillance in forest areas or terrorist engagement in urban environment or special ops, the S-100 is capable of meeting all of these. The testimony is the fact that our product is being used by more than 35 customers on five continents and has been deployed in sensitive zones with resounding success. Currently, Schiebel is being represented and supported by the well-established and

successful Indian manufacturer VEM Technologies, which has developed a strategy to meet the ‘Made in India’ mandate. To ensure we meet future customer needs, we are in the process of setting up a local office and company in India to focus on long-term business in the region. We want to support and grow with the Indian industry by creating jobs and developing technology and continuing to offer what we believe is the best Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) UAS available in the global market. The S-100 is especially well-suited for Navies as it can be operated with either aviation gasoline or kerosene, also referred to as heavy fuel (including F-44/JP-5), making it ideally suited for

the maritime environment. Its small footprint and the absence of launch or recovery equipment lets the S-100 be easily maneuvered, stowed and maintained in confined spaces or in ships’ hangars. The variety of payloads for surveillance, monitoring and data gathering significantly expands the ship’s overall tactical capabilities. Operation is possible from any ship with a small helicopter landing deck or suitable clear space, even in challenging weather and sea states. Designed to be a multiple payload capability, the S-100 offers ultimate flexibility for a wide variety of payloads and missions to meet the diverse and individual requirements of customers. The S-100 can be equipped, for example, with a combination of a 360° radar, an EO/IR camera, IFF, COMINT, ELINT, COMM Relay, ADS-B and AIS, all of which can cross-cue to provide superior situational awareness. The S-100 offers main, auxiliary, nose payload bays and side payload hard points as well as the ability to carry underslung loads.

The LOI-5 capability of the CAMCOPTER® S-100 positions it as one of the only MUM-T options for the new generation helicopters in the Indian Armed Forces, namely MH-60R, Apaches, LAH (Light Attack Helicopter) and ALH (Advanced Light Helicopter)

–The writer is Global Head of Business Development at Schiebel

CAMCOPTER® S-100

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

ANALYSIS

Navy develops landmark manufacturing ecosystem

By Cmde Ranjit B Rai

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n 2nd September 2022, Prime Minister Narendra Modi commissioned India’s first 40,000 ton Stobar (short take off from the 160m deck and three-barrier assisted landing) aircraft carrier INS Vikrant at the Cochin Shipyard Ltd (CSL). Vikrant was made and designed in India by the Navy’s Warship Design Bureau. Earlier in 2016, the Navy commissioned 6,300 ton nuclear powered SSBN INS Arihant, also made in India with the 750km range nuclear-tipped K-15/B-05 missiles at the DRDO’s Shipbuilding Centre (SBC) in a Public Private Partnership with Larsen & Toubro Ltd (L&T) at the sprawling Naval Dockyard in Visakhapatnam with an Indian BARC-DAE nuclear power plant. These are landmark achievements for India’s manufacturing ecosystem, that the Navy has contributed. The Navy strived to make in India since it commissioned a 3,000 ton Leander in 1972. Soon it will commission the second 7,200 ton Type 15B Mormugao destroyer with the 650 km BrahMos NG and Barak-8 made in India and Vagir the fourth Scorpene both from Mazagon Docks Shipbuilding Ltd (MDSL) at Mumbai. Type 15B is

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named after the Indian states of Andhra and Goa and to follow will be Imphal in Manipur and Surat in Gujarat. The nation must appreciate the Navy@75’s Amrit Mahatsov, how this small silent service of 65,000 uniformed men and now women has done a little better than the other two services to help itself with low budgets.

The Navy’s emphasis has been on high standards of training with no compromises, induction of the latest technology and selection and fitting of best available hardware and software from local sources and abroad by cutting its coat to the cloth it gets in budgets and setting lofty goals.

Naval architects

Much credit goes to the Navy’s Directorate of Naval Design (DND) set up in Greater Kailash in the 1950s manned by a Corps of Naval Constructors and set up WESO with few officers under Cdr JJ Baxi, later the Weapons Electrical and Systems Engineering Establishment (WESEE) to support DND in Civil Lines and then RK Puram. DND has expanded

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into two large groups of naval architects. One group designs and upgrades the complete range of all Surface ships housed in a civilian building in Kailash Colony, and another Submarine group of constructors and multi-discipline officers in RK Puram’s Defence Complex and caters to submarine designs and modifications, which takes place every ten years called mid-life refits. Currently, Kilo-class submarines and the three B’putras and three Russian 1136.5 Krivacks are in line for mid-life refits. The debate is on whether to refit the Kilos in India or at Sevmash Zhdovachka in Russia. The Navy’s budgets were lowest and waxed and waned (8 to 15% of the Defence Budget) but India’s Navy grew with self-help. Naval officers and artificers who brought back ships from shipyards in the UK in the 1960s need recalling for their foresight and planning. The constructors trained in IIT Kharagpur and abroad at RNEC Plymouth, Cranfield Institute of Technology, Royal Naval College at Greenwich and the Grechko and Krylov Research Institutes in the Soviet Union need mention @75. They created a shipbuilding ecosystem over time for four government shipyards and a Shipbuilding Centre (SBC) at Visakhapatnam with Naval officers as heads and retired naval personnel working in public sector shipyards and two large private shipyards. India’s PSU and few civil shipyards have, to date, delivered over 120 ships ranging from the small dockyard and basic patrol boats and amphibious ships to sophisticated submarines, frigates and destroyers, and an Aircraft Carrier. WESEE from specifying system requirements for ships, it has designed the architecture of EW, Command and Control (CIC) systems, Naval Wide Communication Networks

including for VSAT and the GSAT 7 satellite. WESEE has designed sonars, selected modems with civil firms for Link 1 and 2 and Satellite systems and provided cyber solutions and handled many classified and crypto programmes. With the acquisition of coherent computers and software programmes available in the market WESEE designs detailed circuits for solutions for command management systems. A separate group was formed called the networking group ideal for Network Centric Operations to connect 11 headquarters including the Coast Guard for Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). WESEE is the first defence organisation to achieve CMMI Maturity Level 3 Rating for software development and maintenance projects cooperating with DRDO in laboratories and private software and technology firms like INFOSYS and WIPRO on the principle warfare and technology are almost synonymous, as one drives the other. Navy’s technical officers are M-Tech passed in naval subjects in IITs or institutions.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke at the Naval seminar ‘Swavlamban’, “In the past four-five years, the defence imports have come down by 21 per cent. Today, we are moving fast to be a big exporter. Last year, Rs 13,000 crore worth of defence export was made” DRDO, Bharat Electronics Ltd and Electronics Corporation of India Ltd (ECIL) began to deliver sonars, communication systems and fuzes and private companies like L&T and TATAs and Mahindra’s with sea mines joined. In manufacturing, with pharma and car manufacturing the Navy can be called the catalyst of India’s manufacturing potential and exports, in the author’s view. India already leads in software exports.

Operator maintainer policy

Naval officers closely follow the wide-ranging advances in technology taking place and

Barak 8 tested by Indian Navy

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

ANALYSIS

the revolution in Naval and Submarine Technologies and Systems and maintenance and long-term support. The Navy adopted an operator maintainer policy and exploited a life-cycle management methodology. Admiral SM Nanda as ASD made Commanders of departments

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On 4th December this year, the Indian Navy will celebrate its Navy Day and look back with pride with its motto being setting lofty goals

DND groups are electronically inter-linked 24X7 with secure internet protocols (by WESEE) with PSU shipyards, namely Mazagon Docks and Shipbuilders Ltd (MDSL), Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd (GRSE), Goa Shipyard Ltd (GSL) and Cochin Shipyard Ltd (CSL) and also with the classified nuclear Submarine Building Centre (SBC) at Visakhapatnam on ‘need to know basis’. SBC was carved out of the sprawling Naval Dockyard in 1990. ND(V) was built in the 1970s, with Soviet drawings and help and as Admiral Gorshkov took a deep interest he took when he visited Visakhapatnam. He was hoping to base Soviet ships there as it had a Kremlin Hostel for Russians in the Cold War days, but Mrs Indira Gandhi politely did not allow it.

General Managers after a study. It paid dividends. The Navy loaned the Naval Dockyard computer (the military’s first) in Bombay at night for use by International Computers Ltd (ICL Ltd), which gave the Navy early experience in computer technology. The first lot of specialised submarine architects were trained at Ingenieur Kontor Lübeck (IKL) in Germany headed by Ulrich Gabler who was considered one of the best designers in the world for conventional submarines. They brought back over 20,000 drawings and stability calculations and the two HDW-1400 submarines were successfully built at Mazagon Docks Ltd (MDL) and are still operational. This has paid dividends as Herr Gabler took a personal interest in their training. As a self-goal, the project was suspended.

Ships do not have prototypes like tanks or planes to experiment with. DND’s models were tested in large water tanks at MARIN in the Netherlands. Today DND is replete with desktop workstations with computer-based CADCAM and virtual systems that allow one to walk around for ergonomic checks and even operate dummy systems, a boon of technology. The Naval Science and Technology Laboratory (NSTL) at Visakhapatnam has a testing tank and associated facilities for ship designs and DRDO’s Defence Research and Material Laboratory (DMRL) is at Ambernath near Mumbai is designing an Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) while Defence Machinery Development Establishment (DMDE) in Secunderabad tests machinery for ships, submarines especially nuclear before fitting.

Large water tanks

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The Indian Navy’s management of the service is like a corporation with best practices as is its hallmark. Macro management and financial planning are done from Naval Headquarters and precise policy directions are issued by the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) and the four Principal Staff Officers (VCNS for acquisitions and policy, DCNS for Operations, Intelligence and Aviation, COP for HR, personnel and morale, and COM for Electronics, Engineering and Ship Building). These directions are sent in clear terms to the three C-in-Cs in the West at Mumbai, East at Visakhapatnam and South for training to micro-manage without interference. Classified War orders are kept up to date for C-in-Cs to exercise Fleets for war without giving away the manner the Navy will operate to the enemy, with the lessons learnt from ANIVEDA206X149.pdf 1 2/3/22 11:05

its victorious contribution in the 1971 war. Policies are tweaked in regular Commander’s Conferences where all Directors are encouraged to attend and contribute. An annual training and refit conference is held for the review and planning of the year so targets are clear down the line. In days of yore communications at sea were slow with HF wireless and compete for leeway to act with an initiative to serve the nation’s best interests. All navies in the world operate with the delegation of powers to their ships’ Captains at sea. Soon after the Internet revolution, the Navy was the first to induct the GSAT 7 satellite made by ISRO, with Rukmani communication systems. PM Narendra Modi spoke at the exclusive Naval seminar, titled ‘Swavlamban’ (self-reliance) on 18th July 2022 and congratulated the Navy’s efforts

and described the goal of self-reliance in the Indian defence forces. “In the past four-five years, the defence imports have come down by 21 per cent. Today, we are moving fast to be a big exporter. Last year, Rs 13,000 crore worth of defence export was made.” At ‘Swavlamban’, Vice Admiral SN Ghormade, Vice Chief of Naval Staff, touched on India’s Blue economy and the Navy’s acquisition of around 38 platforms on order and other programmes. Jayant Patil, head of the Society of Indian Defence Manufacturers (SIDM), provided the industry perspective. On 4th December this year, the Navy will celebrate its Navy Day and look back with pride but its motto is to set lofty goals. Shan No Varuna! –The writer is an Indian Navy veteran, former DNO and DNI. He writes and broadcasts on military affairs and is Curator of New Delhi’s only Maritime Museum at C 443 Defence Colony with free entry to bring about Sea Mindedness. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Musings from Russia

Why is Russia Facing the Wrong End of the Gun in Ukraine? About 200 days ago, when a belligerent Russia marched into Ukraine, no one could imagine that the ‘special military operation’ could go on for months… that too with no end in sight. This is not what Russia had planned for...

Russian President Vladimir Putin, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu and Chief of the General Staff of Russian Armed Forces Valery Gerasimov

By Vinay Shukla

W 38

ith the annexation of four former Ukrainian regions namely Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia, into the Russian Federation, Kremlin claims to have achieved the objective behind the special military operation (SMO) which began on February 24 when Putin ordered the invasion of Ukraine to “demilitarise and denazify” pro-NATO Kyiv regime. After seven months of SMO Ukraine’s military infrastructure has been degraded. The stocks of enriched uranium stored in Europe’s largest Zaporizhia nuclear power plant have been captured. Likewise, Donetsk and

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Lugansk People’s Republics the two Russian-supported breakaways are under Russian control. Similarly, Zaporizhia and Kherson besides giving Russia land access to Crimea which merged with it in 2014, but has made the Sea of Azov bounded

by Russia, Ukraine, and Crimea – seem like an internal lake – almost like the Soviet days. Already some 300 thousand odd reservists have started pouring in to defend the new Russian borders and repel Ukrainian forces. President Vladimir Putin had warned the West that Moscow will use all the available means, including nuclear weapons if it faces an existential threat. This is likely to lead to an escalation of fighting in the next few days or months. Clearly, this is not what Russia had planned. To start with in the initial stages Moscow had seriously believed that it would be a quick and swift military operation and would last just a few days or weeks. No one imagined that the war would drag on for more than eight months with no end in sight. According to local defence experts, about 300 thousand reservists who have previously served in the Russian army could be deployed by the end of this year. It is not ruled out that a total of one million reservists may need to be mobilised by the next summer if no agreement is reached to cease the hostilities. The reservists cannot be immediately deployed in Ukraine as they will need to first go through refresher courses and training to be made familiar with the “special military operation”.

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The much talked about 64 KM long column of armoured vehicles, tanks, and towed artillery moving towards the Ukrainian capital Kyiv and the capture of key military installations around it by Russian Special Forces had led President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to participate in peace talks with Moscow and publically declare that Ukraine would not join NATO and was ready to discuss the status of Crimea and Donbas. Accordingly, two rounds of talks were held in neighbouring Belarus with a large number of agreements in a subsequent round of foreign ministers’ level parleys in Turkey. However, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson threw a spanner in peace efforts by visiting Kyiv and telling Zelenskyy to continue the war. He even offered military and financial support to defeat the British Empire’s past rival. Soon Moscow found itself at the receiving end of the growing number of western weapons in the hands of Ukrainian troops. It is always easy to start a military campaign than to wind it up. After Boris Johnson’s visit, the British and US military establishments found themselves in the driver’s seat. NATO hawks kept prodding Volodymyr Zelenskyy the Ukrainian President to keep fighting and offered more weapons and resources to defeat Putin’s military. The net result was that Kremlin had to brace itself up for a do-or-die situation and a long-drawn war -- at any cost. The rapid advance by the NATOtrained Ukrainian army in the south and east rattled the Russian military establishment. Ramzan Kadyrov, the Chechnya leader and Putin loyalist even went to the extent of openly criticising the Russian army’s leadership which appeared to be caught off guard by Ukraine’s fight back for retreating from the key town of Lyman in east Ukraine.

Adding fuel to fire Putin already sacked Army General Baranov who was in charge of logistics. More changes are expected in the Russian military leadership in the near future as some retired officers have heavily criticised Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu, who was the head of the Civil Defence and Disaster Management Ministry. The biggest lesson to be learnt from all this is that -- a “lean and mean” army equipped with the latest smart weapons, but without sufficient manpower is useless. A one-million-strong armed force is simply not enough, for a country which has the world’s largest land mass and a thousand-mile-long coastline, especially for a Ukrainelike campaign. The Russian Army over the years was trained to fight against terrorists in anti-terror combat, but not for fighting against a well-equipped regular army. As a result Russia which swiftly captured two nuclear power plants in Ukraine with the help of its Spetsnaz Special Forces and private contractors like the Wagner group eventually got bogged down due to a shortage of ‘‘boots on the ground”. Many great powers in past decades have been focusing on

President Vladimir Putin had warned the West that Moscow will use all the available means, including nuclear weapons if it faces an existential threat. This is likely to lead to an escalation of fighting in the next few days or months

quick reaction armed forces equipped with hi-tech smart weapons against a weaker adversary with obsolete arms. However, one should not forget that just like the Russian Army, the Ukrainian Army too is an offshoot of the erstwhile Soviet Army and both have a common martial heritage, Ukraine has some of the best military colleges, which were set up on its soil during the Soviet rule. Moscow today is finding itself at the receiving end of the growing number and variety of western weapons. Irrespective of whether it likes it or not Kremlin has to be prepared to fight a long-drawn-out war. It has no option to choose -what, where or when? - The writer is a Moscow-based independent analyst. Views are personal.

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

OPINION

Drones: Re-inventing st Warfare in the 21 Century

It is rightly said that the only thing constant in life is change. Even in the military arena, battle lines are being redrawn by unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones. The rapid advancement of AI and other technologies have facilitated the manufacture and deployment of these flying machines which can be controlled by humans sitting far away, resulting in less loss of life. The race to manufacture the most efficient and economical drones is already under way, and India’s IT capabilities are by now legendary. Can India become the global choice for drone manufacture? Read on By Sai Pattabiram

hen Hitler invaded Poland on the 1st of September 1939, he swept across the country with a different kind of cavalry ― tanks. The whole world watched the dawn of an entirely different type of warfare. No longer were horsemen the lords of war in the flatlands of Eastern Europe. Instead, they became mere cannon fodder.

Warfare has had its many asymmetric moments in the past - some radical and others incremental. But what is interesting is that it has always triggered a race to symmetry irrespective of its impact or magnitude. The Azerbaijani-Armenian war was one such asymmetric moment. This was reinforced by the Russian – Ukrainian conflict, where the asymmetric impact 40

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of drones was clearly demonstrated. New countries like Turkey and Iran emerged as strong technological challengers to the western and Israeli domination of military technologies with the cost-effective Bayraktar drones manufactured by the Turkish Defence company Baykar, or the Shahed Drones manufactured by Shahed Aviation Industries, Iran.

Earlier asymmetries like Tanks, Fighter Jets, Missiles, and nuclear arsenal triggered a race for expensive military-grade technologies. The current asymmetric race triggered by drones has turned the tables with the usage of COTS (Commercial Offthe-Shelf) products and components finding their way into military use at a scale never experienced before.

The Race from Asymmetry to Symmetry Led by COTS Drones

COTS as well as Drones specifically designed for military use, are reshaping battle lines on a daily basis, with use cases emerging by the day across the globe. The Military adoption of COTS Drones and components is growing at a faster pace than their dedicated military counterpart. With the adoption of COTS Drones for Military purposes and leveraging economies of scale of mass manufacturing delivering hitherto never experienced cost advantages, Defence Drones are likely to bring about a major shift in the mindset of using specifically designed MIL Grade products across multiple defence applications. On the flip side, COTS drones open up a whole new range of threat scenarios from a National and homeland security perspective that completely turn conventional Air Defence systems on their heads. The evolution of counter-drone technologies, and products and solutions both passive and Kinetic, are growing at an equally fast pace as the adoption of COTS Drones. The earlier asymmetric races that required huge investments, years of dedicated R & D, and the manufacture of dedicated low volume costly MIL Grade components, to develop capabilities. However, this race is pretty much within the reach of a country like India thanks to the availability and commonality at the component level across multiple established industries like Mobile phones, Consumer Durables, Automobile Electronics, and Electric Vehicles, to name a few. The huge domestic market for these Industries will enable the country to leverage economies

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Raksha Anirveda

OPINION COTS as well as Drones specifically designed for military use, are reshaping battle lines on a daily basis, with use cases emerging by the day across the globe

Advantage India

of scale, both for civilian and defence use cases, for a large part of the emerging drone applications.

Criticality of Development of Indian Drone Technology from a Geo-Political Perspective

Iran and Turkey have been able to develop game-changing capabilities in designing, developing and manufacturing battleproven drone capabilities in a relatively short time using COTS components and subsystems despite the sanction regimen imposed on them. This proves that the development of indigenous capabilities is well within the reach of a tech-savvy country like India. India’s Geo political defence scenario also necessitates indigenous development of technological capabilities given that the current asymmetricity is not in its favour with China having built advanced capabilities. Additionally, Pakistan’s alignment with Turkey and Iran having stronger ties with China than India are causes for concern. Positive Initiatives by the Government of India for the Development of a Domestic Drone Industry: • The realization and the need for building domestic capabilities in this critical future defence requirement that had been delayed by India’s protracted implementation of the 42

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•

civilian drone policy had set the Indian drone Industry back by at least half a decade, if not more. The present government is reversing this, with implementation happening at a feverish pace since July 2021. The highest office in the country is committed to building a strong drone ecosystem for the nation to evolve as a global drone hub by 2030. A string of initiatives like multiple Positive Lists for Indigenization by the Ministry of Defence, the complete ban on import of civilian drones, and a stringent Quality Type Certification process for the sale and use of civilian drones in India, have significantly levelled the playing field for Indian Manufacturers. The attractive Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme announced for both component and well as drone manufacturing, is another strong support provided by the government for the development and manufacture of drone-related technologies, products and solutions in India. The government of India’s recent semiconductor policy coupled with the commitment from the Ministry of Defence to buy 5,00,000 chips designed, developed and manufactured in India, is another positive push to start moving deeper into the electronic supply chain in terms of componentlevel manufacturing. The laudable decision to restrict DEF EXPO 2022 to only Indian Companies.

• India’s proven positive image globally as a reliable, cost-effective technology partner in Information Technology, especially with the success of the UPI payment system, works in its favour. • The global negative image of Iran, Turkey and China - the other emerging powers in Drone Tech from an export perspective, adds to acceptance of Indian products. • India’s huge domestic manufacturing capability and consumption of a range of electronic products across industries like Defence, Mobile phones, Automobiles, Electric Vehicles, consumer durables, and computers will be a huge cost advantage for Indian drone manufacturing. • The fact that an estimated 8 lac DJI drones were imported into the country over the past 4-5 years despite being illegal including 1.5 – 2 lac of them making it into the Indian defence, is an indication of the huge domestic demand for drones in India.

ZUPPA NavGati being a fully indigenous Autopilot for unmanned systems based on its own MADE IN INDIA proprietary computing architecture of “SYSTEM OF DISSEMINATED PARALLEL CONTROL COMPUTING IN REAL TIME” is a Motherboard level advantage very few countries possess. In conclusion, the National Vision of emerging as a Global Drone Hub is well on the way to realization by combining the various initiatives on the part of the government and the advantages mentioned above. –The writer is Director of Zuppa Geo Navigation Technologies Pvt Ltd

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Raksha Anirveda

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ENSOLDT has been pursuing innovative ideas which translate into technologies for the protection of forces across the globe and into a successful business for over 125 years. The company is present in Germany, France, South Africa and UK and having several global footprints including India. The Indian Armed Forces have been undergoing rapid technological transformation to meet the ever expanding need of air superiority. HENSOLDT Group reaffirms its commitment to support the Indian Armed Forces by offering a state-of44

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the-art ‘Make-in-India’ detect and protect sensors suite to improve ISR as well as the safety and operational effectiveness of Indian Helicopter platforms. In 2022 for Airborne Solutions, we wish to highlight our flagship products for Indian Helicopter platforms, in particular Airborne Missile Protection suite (AMPS), Maritime Patrol Radar (PrecISR 1000), Electro Optical Gimbal (ARGOS), Datalink (Lygarion), IFF Transponder (LTR400), ELINT (Kalaetron Integral), Data recorder (LCR), DVE Solutions and Mission Management System (Sensor agnostic) and to highlight our Integrated Airborne Solutions.

Our MissionGrid system integrates these sensors into a complete package to provide: • Reduced integration and certification risk for Tier 1&2 customers • Tailor made to customers’ needs • HENSOLDT to take responsibility not just for one single element, but to cover the whole mission chain providing the following customer benefits:  Guaranteed equipment interoperability  Reduction of complexity, time

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to market, risk and cost  One interface to the operator, improved ergonomics, harmonized HMI  Reduction of operator workload  Interoperability during Joint / Combined Operations  Endurance of operational continuity 24/7  Improved Situational Awareness in real-time  Continuous ISTAR SRV/ RECCE product delivery during all mission phases  Extensive communication performance (Intra/Extra up to Joint/Combined, MUMT) Highly optimized presentation of information with GIS tool and the use of HMD  Simplified and easy-to-

HENSOLDT Group reaffirms its commitment to support the Indian Armed Forces by offering a state-of-the-art ‘Makein-India’ detect and protect sensors suite to improve ISR as well as the safety and operational effectiveness of Indian Helicopter platforms use system design  Ensuring enhanced ISTAR capability (on-/off-board)  Considerable increase of ISTAR products and its distribution in a netted (non-) hostile environment (COMINT, ELINT, SIGINT, Radar images) Platform self-protection by missile/ IR sensors and counter action Innovation is an essential part of our company DNA; for the benefit of our customers! HENSOLDT is a German defence industry champion with a leading market position in Europe

and global reach. Headquartered in Taufkirchen near Munich, the company develops sensor solutions for defence and security applications. As a technology leader, HENSOLDT is also continuously expanding its portfolio. It develops new products to combat a wide range of threats based on innovative approaches to data management, robotics and cyber security. With more than 5,600 employees, HENSOLDT achieved a turnover of 1.2 billion euros in 2020. HENSOLDT is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. https://www.hensoldt.net/ Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Israel Diary ELTA MMR RADAR

MR Spyder

Wake-Up Call For Europe The war in Ukraine was a wake-up call for some European countries and they seem to be in a shopping spree. Europe’s wakening up has opened opportunities for Israeli defence companies that have developed combat proven systems By ARIE EGOZI

he shockwaves of the Russian invasion of Ukraine will be felt for a long time after the fighting ends. But one such shockwave is already affecting the way European countries see the reality around them. All of a sudden European countries realized that what happens in Ukraine can happen to them and they want to be better prepared. Israel decided not to sell advanced anti-tank missiles to Ukraine, in order not to disrupt the fragile arrangement allowing Israel to attack Iranian related targets in Syria, a country controlled by Russia. Kyiv has long shown interest in acquiring Israeli military equipment, particularly UAVs and communications outfits. However in 2014, a deal between Kyiv and Israel drones maker Aeronautics was blocked by Russia and since then, Ukraine has not officially received any

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military-technical assistance from Israel. According to a defence source, the sensitive relations between Israel and the Ukraine brought the Israeli ministry of defence to put strict “end user” regulations on countries like Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - NATO members that purchased big numbers of the Spike missile manufactured by Israeli company Rafael. Ukraine had requested these missile shortly before the war started and since then Israel has contacted the three Baltic

countries with warnings not to transfer any of the Spike missiles to Ukraine. The different variants of this missile are in operational use in 39 countries. These countries have purchased 50,000 missiles so far and negotiations are underway with some new potential customers. Denmark purchased the Spike LR2 last year. Estonia operates the LR variant, Latvia is operating the LR, LR2, ER and SR variants. The big success behind this was the decision to form EuroSpike, a joint venture between Rafael, Diehl Defence and Rheinmetall that is in charge of selling the Israeli made missiles to European customers, training the troops and maintaining the arsenal. EuroSpike announced in early January that the Estonian military procurement manager had ordered more than 500 SR Spike missiles from it, including training missiles and cases. So while the Israeli defence industries expect to get big chunks of the “Post Ukraine” defence budget, they also get ready to some American pressure to channel the huge extra budget to US companies. The Israeli ministry

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of defence refused to comment. Germany has already decided to purchase the Israeli Arrow 3 ballistic missiles interceptor. Unlike in the past the shopping lists prepared by some European countries include systems that according to defence industry sources are valued in “numbers never seen before”. Europe is wakening up. The war in Ukraine was a wakeup call for some European countries and they seem to be in a shopping spree. Some of the contracts will go to Israeli defence companies that have developed combat proven systems. In August, Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) signed a contract valued at over $ 200 million to provide Special Mission Aircraft to a country in Europe, which is a NATO member. The Special Mission Aircraft will be developed by IAI’s Group and subsidiary ELTA Systems Ltd., home to Israel’s radar and intelligence technology and considered a global leader in the field. IAI’s special mission aircraft are active in Israel and in many countries around the world, and provide an important strategic edge. One of the most surprising developments is the German request to purchase the Israel Arrow 3 system aimed at intercepting ballistic systems. And if this is not enough, Germany took some very surprising steps – it decided to arms the Heron TP UAV’s it has leased from Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) after a long political debate in Germany. Not only that – the Germans are to purchase additional UAV’s from Israel. The war in Ukraine tipped the scales. According to Shimon Stein, a senior researcher in the Israeli Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), two statements reflect the extent of German

Iron Dome

Barak MX Launcher

remorse for not doing enough in the past to respond to Vladimir Putin’s aggression, for which Germany is now paying the price. And for the many years of neglecting German defence - a consequence of underestimating the Russian threat. In a tweet on February 24, 2022, the day the invasion began, the outgoing Minister of Defence, Kramp Karrenbauer wrote: “I am very angry at us for our historical failure. After Georgia, Crimea, and Donbas, we didn’t prepare anything that could have deterred Putin.” In a reply to a journalist’s question about the readiness of the German army, the ground forces commander replied, “We are defenseless.” So it is obvious that Germany is going to buy more very advanced weapon systems, but it is not alone in this new atmosphere. According to an Israeli senior defence official, other countries are already in negotiations with the Israeli ministry of defence and defence industries about the fast evaluation of Israeli systems that can upgrade their capability to defend themselves from Russian missiles. While this seems the first priority, other systems are also on the hastily prepared shopping list. The senior source added that Poland, Romania and the Scandinavian countries are

SPIKE LR II front

already talking with “the right people” in Israel about fast acquisitions. The very senior official who talked on condition of anonymity revealed that the first presentation of some Israeli made systems has been scheduled for early 2023. According to Israeli defence industry sources, the first priority of the European countries that feel that the Russian threat is very real, are air defence systems made by Rafael and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). The systems that will be demonstrated to the new European clients are the Rafael’s Spyder and Iron Dome.

Kyiv has long shown interest in acquiring Israeli military equipment, particularly UAVs and communications outfits

–The writer is an Israel-based freelance journalist. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

SPOTLIGHT

‘Given Opportunities, Indian Designers Have the Ability to Perform at Par to Any three-phase Large Motor Builders in the World’ The untold story of IIT Bombay alumni and ace motor designer Bharat V. Shah reaffirms the fact that India’s ‘Path to Pride’ is very much achievable

he Indian defence industry’s stride since independence towards making the country self-reliant (Atmanirbhar) in defence manufacturing has been slow, off track at times and held up with inertia due to myriad factors. But in the last few years, a new trend has set in as there has been an upheaval in the defence industry. Raring to go in measured steps, the Indian defence industry is well prepared to announce its arrival on the global stage.

The world will be watching the upcoming defence event – DefExpo 2022 at Gandhinagar, Gujarat which kick starts on October 18, 2022. Set to be the first-ever edition exclusively for Indian companies, the event will be showcasing the indigenous capability and potential to manufacture. The focus will remain on India’s growing private industry and expanding the MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) 48

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base for components and sub-systems. DefExpo 2022 with its approach (Make in India, Atmanirbhar Bharat) and Path to Pride theme will portray the maturity of indigenous defence products and its export potential, start-ups, SMEs, MSMEs, innovations, latest technology, including artificial intelligence in defence, and will present India’s vision for 2047. Talking of Atmanirbharta in Defence, the pivotal role being played by Indian

Navy is exceptional. It has been a leader in indigenisation efforts and has engaged itself with a large number of MSMEs, SMEs and start-ups successfully. Raksha Anirveda, under its DefExpo 2022 special coverage presents an interesting behind the scene story of IIT Bombay alumni Bharat V. Shah, ex-proprietor, Polyphase Motors that originated decades ago in 1975. After graduating as an electrical engineer in 1971, Bharat V. Shah had a stint with Siemens India before starting his own venture Polyphase Motors. Working closely with Indian Navy and DRDO, he was involved in numerous projects till year 2017, when he hanged his boots. Speaking to editor, Raksha Anirveda over the phone, he narrated eloquently his engagement with projects – Nuclear Submarines (INS Arihant Class), Aircraft Carrier (INS Vikrant) and ASW Corvette (P28). Having designed, built and tested motors for various applications, projects, machine tools, special textile machinery, chemical plants and Defence, Bharat V. Shah is an expert of motors. He says that for the nuclear submarines, aircraft carrier and corvette projects, the highest critical duty motors were the Steering Gear Motors and though motors are one small component of many others in equipment used in these gigantic structures, it’s very much critical in ensuring the operational efficiency of many equipment that embeds in submarines, corvettes and aircraft carrier. Recalling fondly, he states that for the nuclear submarine (Arihant class),

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to Naval Shock Grades, that of any country in the world. Output 1.1 kW TE (No Fan) Similarly, the motors (30kW Polyphase Motors Russia Source (40 HP), 1500 rpm) designed Project S3S4 Imported Sample and manufactured by his now Mat. of Construction MS Aluminium erstwhile company for AntiFrame size 90 L 100 L Submarine Warfare Corvette Volt V 380 380 (GRSE, Kolkata) were type tested at Kalzoni, Italy and later Weight kg 26.2 actual 24.2 actual supplied by Lloyds Steel, Mumbai Efficiency % 79.40 Tested 72.2 Declared to GRSE. These motors also had a Power Factor 0.815 Tested 0.72 Declared special foot-cum-flange mounting No Load Current A 1.55 Tested 2.44 Tested construction for fitment and most POLYPHASE RUSSIAN Current on Load (ATU) A <2.3 Tested (3.2 Declared) liberal factors of safety were the part of its custom-built designs we designed 30kW (40HP) Steering build the special ATU motors equivalent for such critical applications. He further Gear Motors with the highest factor to the Russian motor that were being says that there were some other sensitive of safety possible, short-time higher imported, his company Polyphase made design features too which are not being overload capacity, during extreme equivalent and identical mounting and put on the open domain. duty (as witnessed during its testing more compact motor. Not only that, the Taking the telephonic interaction at Steering Gear Manufacturer’s end). load current (with blower) of Polyphase ahead, Bharat V. Shah delightfully These motors also had very low energy motor was lesser than even the no load brings forth his association with the requirements during partial loading to current of Russian Motor. This being very recently inducted aircraft carrier INS minimise the burden on power source unusual case, Indian Navy displayed the Vikrant at Kochi. He mentions that of submarine. photos and Test Results in their stall at there were competitive technical bids He further mentions that for the sake an international exhibition in Mumbai. at Larsen & Toubro, who were the of saving of weight as well as volume, the It was a big satisfying achievement as it Steering Gears builders. For the noise Air Treatment Units (ATU) in Arihant assured that Indian manufacturers were levels of these 55 kW (75 HP), 1500 Class have highly specialised fitment capable of developing any equipment rpm motors, while other bids offered design of motors. Asked by Indian Navy to and interchangeable motors, complying lowest value as 80 dB, we offered 75 dB. This is measured on logarithmic Scales and every two-and-a-half dB reduction requires sound energy emitted to be halved. Thus our offer involved the total sound energy as one-fourth of other vendors. During motor testing witnessed by DQA (WP) representative, this was achieved and surpassed. The partial load performance was also superior to other test results. The motors, weighing 520kg each, were type tested at Bengaluru and Vishakhapatnam NSTL Laboratory. A firm believer in indigenous technological prowess, Bharat V. Shah concludes the conversation asserting that “given opportunities, Indian designers have the ability to perform at par to any large three phase motor builders in the world. The designs for Navy and defence motors require the design parameters more liberal than those in normal special designs. The motor designers need to Bharat V. Shah with Indian Navy Officers and DG (Designs), Indian Navy exercise special considerations.” Import Substitute ATU Motor for INS Arihant Class

Motor Drive

ATU

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

news maker

Boeing Unveils Atmanirbhar Bharat Strategy for India’s Defence Industry

Potential economic impact of $3.6 billion over 10 years to Indian economy with the F/A-18 Super Hornet as India’s carrier-based fighter. Continued investments in manufacturing, engineering &amp; technology transfer, sustainment, training and skilling and infrastructure. Work and technology transfer for the advanced F/A-18 Super Hornet fighter jets with Indian industry is proposed

EW DELHI. Boeing plans to further strengthen its Make in India initiatives, building on a successful track record of contributing to India’s indigenous aerospace and defence ecosystem. As part of this effort, Boeing anticipates $3.6 billion in economic impact to the Indian aerospace and defence industry over the next 10 years, with the F/A-18 Super Hornet as India’s next carrier-based fighter. The economic impact would be over and above Boeing’s current offset obligations and plans in the country.

(From Left to Right) Satya Prakash, Senior Director – Business Development, GE Aviation, Alain Garcia, vice president, India business development, Boeing Defense, Space & Security and Global Services, Steve Parker, vice president and general manager, Bombers & Fighters, Defense & Space, Salil Gupte, president, Boeing India, Samit Ray, Regional Director, Government Affairs & Public Policy South Asia, Raytheon, Gyanendra Sharma, India Managing Director, Northrop Grumman International

“As a trusted partner of India’s aerospace sector for more than 75 years, Boeing has made significant investments in India’s aerospace and defence industry and will continue to do so. Our investments span the entire spectrum of local manufacturing, engineering and R&D, and training and skilling to help build a robust Atmanirbharr Bharat in aerospace and defence,”

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said Salil Gupte, president, Boeing India. “The selection of the F/A18 Super Hornet for India will help boost investments in India’s defence industry.” Boeing plans to build on its existing industrial base and strengthen its commitment to Atmanirbharr Bharat with continued investments in India across five pillars. These include

supply chain development and manufacturing; engineering and technology transfer; longterm support and training; infrastructure investments; and contributions of the Hornet

Boeing’s ‘At

Supply Chain Development and Manufacturing: The new plan builds on Boeing’s sourcing of $1 billion annually from 300 suppliers on parts, assemblies and services from Indian suppliers. Boeing has added several new Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) suppliers in support of our commitment to Atmanirbhar Bharat, and they account for 26 percent of our suppliers in India. The plan also envisages potential for additional manufacturing opportunities, including the F/A-18’s Outer Wing and Nose Barrel component manufacturing and assembly. Additionally, Boeing is reviewing several hundred other machined assemblies that could be placed with Indian suppliers. Engineering and Technology Transfer: Boeing envisions working closely with industry and the US and Indian governments to share technology and transfer work of the F/A-18 fighter jets in India, based on interest and business case. Boeing will also leverage investments

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Industry Team, comprising of General Electric, Northrop Grumman and Raytheon. “The Block III Super Hornet we are offering to the Indian Navy has the most advanced and critical capability. With its open architecture design and continuously evolving capability suite, the Super Hornet will outpace current threats, facilitate rapid capability insertion and has unmatched affordability,” said Steve Parker, vice president and general manager, Bombers & Fighters, Boeing Defense, Space & Security. “Boeing is making investments in advanced technologies and capabilities on our Block III Super Hornet and

the F-15EX today so we will be ready for the future. The Indian Navy will benefit from these investments for decades to come.”

HORNET INDUSTRY TEAM (HIT) FACT SHEET

General Electric: GE employs over 6,000 engineers and technicians at the John F. Welch Technology Centre (JFWTC) in Bangalore, one of GE’s largest integrated multi-disciplinary research and development centres outside the US. Of these, over 1,000 personnel are dedicated aviation engineering staff and engaged in engine component design, engine

General Electric dynamics, aerodynamics, and combustion for a number of GE Aviation engines. n GE Aviation’s Multi-modal Manufacturing Facility (MMF) in Pune produces components

manirbhar Bharat’ Strategy – Five Pillars made in the Boeing India Engineering & Technology Centre (BIETC) and its talented pool of 3,000+ engineers and innovators in Bengaluru and Chennai to drive growth and innovation, and advance work in materials, manufacturing technologies and methods, and the “Digital World.” As a part of “Digital World,” new manufacturing processes have been established, and Boeing has unlocked the potential of the Full-Size Determinant Assembly (FSDA) approach for its customers. With the F/A-18, Boeing will continue to explore opportunities to bring FSDA-related advanced technologies to the Indian defence industry. Support and training: Boeing will collaborate with the Ministry of Defence and Indian industry to develop long-term and self-reliant sustainment solutions for the Super Hornet fleet to deliver increased aircraft availability and mission readiness. This will be done by leveraging the existing industry ecosystem across key support areas such as On and Off Aircraft Maintenance, Sustaining Engineering, Fleet Operations Support, and Training, and by leveraging the local Maintenance Repair & Overhaul (MRO) capabilities that Boeing Defence India is building.

Investments: Boeing India employs 4,000 employees directly, and over 7,000 are employed by key suppliers in India. Boeing’s joint venture with Tata - Tata Boeing Aerospace Limited - manufactures aerostructures for Apache attack helicopters for global customers out of Hyderabad. In addition, foreign direct investment (FDI) of $200 million has been made by Boeing towards aerospace and defence, including a 43-acre state-of-the-art engineering and technology campus under construction in Bengaluru. This campus will be the largest Boeing-owned facility of its kind outside the US. Impact by Hornet Industry Team: The diversity and strength of the Hornet Industry Team, comprising of General Electric, Northrop Grumman and Raytheon, has the potential to deliver significant benefits to Indian industry. These industry leaders have proven their commitment to India by collaborating with Indian entities and delivering on Atmanirbharr Bharat objectives. The F/A-18 will enhance collaboration with Indian industry by facilitating knowledge transfer and promoting autonomy in operating and maintaining India’s fleet of F/A-18 aircraft. Further, this knowledge transfer may also provide opportunities for India to

support F/A-18 fleets around the world through manufacturing and sustainment. “Designed from its inception as a carrierbased fighter for high-loading, high stress operations, the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet Block III will bring advanced, next-generation capabilities that will help the Indian Navy meet emerging and future threats. In addition, along with the contributions to the Indian economy by our Hornet Industry Partners – General Electric, Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, the Super Hornet will deliver significant benefits to India’s defence sector,” said Alain Garcia, vice president, India Business Development, Boeing Defense, Space & Security and Global Services. Boeing’s advanced aircraft and services play an important role in the mission-readiness for the Indian Air Force and Indian Navy. Boeing has strengthened its supply chain with more than 300 local companies in India and a joint venture to manufacture fuselages for Apache helicopters. Annual sourcing from India stands at $1 billion. Boeing currently employs close to 4,000 people in India, and more than 7,000 people work with its supply chain partners. Boeing serves communities and citizenship programs to inspire change and make an impact on more than 500,000 lives in India.

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

news maker such as the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft, as well as other potential applications. n For more information, visit: https://www.geaviation.com/ sites/default/files/2022-01/ F414-Datasheet.pdf and https://www.geaviation.com/ propulsion/military/f414

Northrop Grumman

and leverages local suppliers for the component production for numerous military and commercial aircraft engines. GE Aviation envisions that it will continue to identify and expand opportunities with local Indian companies to satisfy the Indian defence and aerospace industry selfreliance objectives. n Specific to the F/A-18 Super Hornet, the engineering resources and capabilities at the Bangalore Engineering Centre could be leveraged to support the F414-GE-400 engine. GE Aviation could also leverage the organic maintenance capabilities being established by India for the F404-GE-IN20 engine fleet. n Powered by the GE F-414 engine that has logged more

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than 5 million hours, the F/A18 Block III Super Hornet uses the same family of engines that is powering India’s indigenous Light Combat Aircraft (LCA); that has already been inducted by the Indian Air Force. The commonality in engines will create scale efficiencies for potential sustainment opportunities in the future. n The F414-INS6 was selected by India’s Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and is qualified to power the Mk2 version of the Tejas LCA. The F414-INS6 for the LCA Mk2 has a Make in India requirement which GE is committed to support upon entering the production phase. n The F414-INS6 is also a potential power plant for emerging Indian platforms

Northrop Grumman: Northrop Grumman is currently engaged with several Indian companies to develop a comprehensive indigenous support ecosystem for structural and subsystems components within the Northrop Grumman scope of work. By working with current Super Hornet Industry Team members, Northrop Grumman envisions establishing an aircraft postdelivery support Organizational and Intermediate level capability in India. n The potential business opportunities, which are consistent with organizational and intermediate level tactical fighter sustainment effort, would focus on the following potential business opportunity areas: Engineering and Logistics Post Delivery Support; Repair of Reparable (e.g. Door Assemblies); and Major Spares through Northrop Grumman’s current Super Hornet suppliers. n For more information, visit: https://www. northropgrumman.com/whatwe-do/air/fa18-superhornet/ Raytheon Technologies: Raytheon Technologies is a leading aerospace and defence company with 174,000 employees, doing business in 100 countries, that provides connected, more sustainable aviation solutions, smarter defence systems and intelligent space technologies. Raytheon

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Raytheon Technologies

Technologies is comprised of four complimentary industry leading businesses – Collins Aerospace, Pratt & Whitney, Raytheon Intelligence & Space and Raytheon Missiles & Defense. n RTX employs over 5,000 people in India through Collins Aerospace design and manufacturing centres and Pratt & Whitney training centres. We’ve had a presence in the country since the 1960s. We are committed to the government’s Make in India, Digital India and Skill India initiatives. With three major facility locations of Bengaluru, Gurgaon and Hyderabad, Raytheon looks forward to grow its presence and partnership in the country. n Raytheon Missiles and Defense provide the APG-79 AESA Fire Control Radar, ALR67G(V)3 RWR (Radar Warning Receiver), AIM-120 AMRAAM

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and AIM-9X Sidewinder missiles, MIDS (Multifunctional Information Distribution System) integrated digital data and voice communications, and ARC-210 radios to the Super Hornet. n For Super Hornet, Raytheon will collaborate through its in-country teams to engage with India industry regarding company supplier sourcing and oversight of selected suppliers. RTX has previously contacted and qualified a set of leading electronics and equipment suppliers in India as candidates for build-to-print production of approved APG-79 radar components, including machined assemblies, wired chassis assemblies, and power conversion units. Additionally, they are looking to do this for ALR-67 RWR chassis and wiring components. Upon Super Hornet selection, RTX

would complete an in-depth sourcing effort for the RTX components, then equipped with this experience, work on expanding India company sourcing to other areas. n Pratt & Whitney, another Raytheon subsidiary, has had a seven-decade long partnership with the Indian aerospace sector. It has more than 1,500 engines and auxiliary power units (APUs) in-service today. Pratt & Whitney’s significant investments in-country include a state-of-the-art India Customer Training Centre in Hyderabad; an R&D centre at the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru; a world-class global supply chain operations centre in Bengaluru, and the upcoming India Engineering Centre (IEC), slated to commence operations in 2023 and employ more 500 engineers and professionals when fully staffed.

SPECIAL

Innovative, Evolved, Future Warfare Ready Force

Raksha Anirveda’s special coverage on Indian Air Force’s 90th Foundation Day navigates through Indian Air Force’s journey to position itself as an innovative, evolved and well-prepared force to handle efficiently the ever changing dynamics of future warfare. The journey so far has been commendable and eventful. Yet, the Indian Air Force’s future roadmap faces multiple challenges that requires focussed attention and deft handling with precision…

Raksha Anirveda

IAF@90 Special: Interview

‘It is Extremely Important that an Environment of Spurring Innovation is Created in the Country’

s the 27th Chief of the Indian Air Force, Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari has relentlessly been working to ensure that Indian Air Force emerges as a modern fighting force, capable of defending its borders along with force projection outside by transforming itself for the future. In an email interview with Raksha Anirveda to mark the 90th Anniversary of Indian Air Force Day 2022, Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari, the Chief of the Air Staff, responded holistically and in detail to the questionnaire. Edited excerpts: Indigenisation vs Effectiveness is an old debate. What is your opinion of making up the deficit of IAF fighter squadrons with indigenous Tejas LCA to make up the 45 squadrons to tackle a two-front war scenario? Of course, there would be Rafales and other cutting-edge

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aircraft that we are to acquire? Currently, the IAF has 31 active fighter Squadrons. Over the years, we have strived to arrest the draw-down of our fighter fleet and now we are in the process of gradually building up to the approved level of 42 squadrons. The IAF would need an infusion of around 20

Squadrons in the next 10-15 years. Various approaches are being adopted to ensure that this is realised within time, budget and under the ‘Make-in-India’ initiative. Presently, the IAF is fully capable of defending the nation using its modern fleet along with the relatively older equipment. The contract for 83 LCA Mk 1A has already been signed. Their induction should commence in 2024. IAF has planned for inducting six Squadrons of LCA Mk 2 and seven squadron of AMCA, when developed. IAF has also planned a phased induction of the MRFA and the indigenously developed enhanced variants of the LCA aircraft over the next 10-15 years.

Does the ongoing Indian effort to set up theatre commands, separate air defence command in any way diminish the role of the air force from what it is now? There has been a controversy on this in the recent past. What is your take? The role of Air Power emanates from the perceived threat and joint response plan. The challenge of any effort for restructuring is to enable the best possible exploitation of all mediums, including that of air. The reforms should enable doctrinal freedom for harnessing the complete combat potential of every

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medium in a joint war-fighting environment. Air Defence operations are inextricably linked to Counter Air Operations and all offensive ops, as the success or failure of one, will dictate the demands on the other. Air Defence and offensive missions are interdependent and if executed in isolation, these would not only be disjointed but also ineffective in design or execution of the joint strategy.

From technology taken from the US to Russian to the French and to more - say for instance, integrating and amalgamating the Russian S-400 with French Rafales or American Apache and Chinooks—how has the issue of compatibility of the various technologies been addressed by the IAF in particular and the Indian military in general? Is it a challenge that has been overcome or in the process of being overcome? IAF has sensors & weapon systems of varied origins operating together since inception. The integration of systems was then achieved through procedural solutions. With advent of new technologies and our focussed effort towards NCO, now we have technological solutions for integration. These technological solutions are totally indigenous and we have made good progress on this account. The networking of sensors has given an advantage in terms of responsiveness and redundancy. Do you believe there is something like a 100 percent transfer of state-of-theart technology? In military trade, are countries like India taken for a ride by sellers by promising the moon and not delivering on promises?

A 100 percent transfer of state-of-the-art technology may not be possible due to the restricted nature of a few core technologies. However, the IAF as a buyer strives hard to maximize Transfer of Technology (ToT) percentage from the Sellers. The efforts during such transfers are to acquire the key technologies needed by the Indian defence sector that can be effectively utilized towards achieving the set operational requirements. It may also be noted that strategic autonomy of a nation is lost if it is dependent on others for its technological needs. That is why, it is extremely important that an environment of spurring innovation is created in the country and both the government and user support this endeavour which is being done through Atmanirbharata. How far are we into developing aero-engines? Has it been a failed effort till

The IAF would need an infusion of around 20 Squadrons in the next 10-15 years. Various approaches are being adopted to ensure that this is realised within time, budget and under the ‘Make-in-India’ initiative now? What have the main challenges been? Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE), DRDO has planned to develop an indigenous engine for Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) Mk-II. The engine requirements have been worked out by GTRE. The engine has been proposed to be developed in collaboration with an International engine design house. This would ensure a better risk mitigation strategy and greater chance of success. We are sure that with the ongoing drive of Atmanirbhar Bharat, the challenges being faced by these agencies would be overcome.

SPECIAL

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

IAF@90 SPECIAL

Security through Deterrence and Power Projection Having lost out big time due to short-sighted piecemeal procurements, India’s acquisition process needs an overhaul and improve its track-record. With correct lessons derived and applied diligently, India can truly emerge as a globally competitive defence manufacturer and achieve control over critical technologies By Air Marshal M Matheswaran

his October 8th the IAF completes 90 years of glorious service to the nation. The past nine-decades is a saga of critical contribution to nation-building, warfighting, support to civil administration, air defence, international cooperation and peace keeping, military diplomacy, and deterrence of adversaries. The demand on these roles of the IAF have increased substantially in recent decades. Kargil to Balakot and Ladakh exemplify the value of the IAF as a critical tool of state power. In the 21st century, aerospace power has emerged as the critical tool of deterrence and power projection. The ability of the IAF to provide an array of choices to the national leadership depends on its force structure and the pace of modernisation. IAF’s 100th anniversary is just ten years away and there are, as Robert Frost said, miles to go. Modernisation is a continuous process. Sustaining the optimal force structure despite the delays of modernisation should remain the paramount task. This is, however, a challenge as the success of this endeavour depends significantly on political, financial, industrial, and external factors coming together. The IAF can only influence these factors, but it is the political leadership that exercises control and hence, should make the right decisions. The induction of the Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) this week is good news on many counts – it is a ‘made in India’ weapon system that includes design, development, and manufacture. IAF’s role in supporting this development is enormous. What is more important is the fact that the LCH is the result of a right process of derivative development. It flows from the ALH experience and its basic design. The first prototype of

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the LCH was shown at the Bangalore Aero India show in 2007. That it entered series production in 15 years is a creditable achievement. In the past India has been hampered by disjointed product developments leading to huge time and cost overruns besides non-fructification. Continuity and linkage with the first successful product are the essence of successful strategy. There are serious concerns to be addressed. For the first time, the IAF’s fighter force strength is set to go below 30 squadrons this year. This is reflective of various governments’ inability to ensure quick decisionmaking, provide the necessary and timely budgetary support, and more importantly the lack of long-term strategy. It would be a herculean task

for the IAF to recover its strength to the authorised 42 squadron fighter force within the next decade without a massive support from the government. Although other elements in terms of airlift capability in its transport aircraft and helicopters, missiles, radars, UAVs, and communications are good, the fighter and bomber force strength remains critical to its offensive and deterrence capabilities. Given the fact that India faces an aggressive and modernised PLA across the Himalayas and over the sea, and an unstable Pakistan where the military continues to wield effective power, India cannot afford to take things lightly. A strong military with demonstrated capabilities for deterrence and power projection is vital for India to play an effective role in the current unstable world order, for which the IAF is the most effective sword arm for India. The world is now in a flux with conflict raging in Ukraine over the last eight months, and the potential for conflict in the South China sea remaining high. Russia’s Special Military Operations in

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IAF inducts Light Combat Helicopter (LCH)

Ukraine since February 24th, and the recent counter-offensive success by the Ukrainian military highlights significant military and strategic lessons in regard to the employment of air, space, and cyber power. The lessons that the IAF and our national leadership should derive are vital in the context of how India would use its air and space forces in the future. This war has shattered many myths long held as imponderables in the national security domain. It is certain that IAF leadership is already examining many of these issues in their analysis. Let us look at some of the significant issues/ questions that come to the fore in this conflict. Ever since the 1971 war we have been accustomed to the idea that future wars will be short, swift, and decisive affairs. This idea got strengthened and became an imperative through technological developments such as precision, reach, and communications. Our entire planning and even budget allocations for modernisation and

force structure sustenance have been influenced by this belief of short, swift, and decisive wars. The corollary to this myth is that a major war is unlikely. The ongoing war in Ukraine has shattered this belief and demonstrates the reality of future wars that can be tedious, long-drawn out, grinding and hybrid, despite the overarching impact of air and space capabilities. The short war philosophy has been the result of USA’s intervention wars of the last three decades against smaller and weaker nations. The Ukraine conflict is far more complex it is effectively a war between Russia and the West, with Ukraine as a proxy. This is effectively a peerto-peer war in a nuclear backdrop and hence, the war is protracted and involves significant attrition. India’s adversaries present a similar environment today. Constraints on air power can be counterproductive. Russia’s limited use of its aerospace power is inexplicable. This may be due to the constraints imposed

by its political leadership for a limited operation with focus on minimum civilian damage. The contrast with the West is glaring as the USA and its allies have used airpower to devastating effect with little concern for civilian deaths or infrastructure destruction in the former Yugoslavia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and Syria. Excessive constraints on airpower could lead to severe penalties. The conflict has highlighted the difficulty of achieving and sustaining air superiority even against a significantly weaker air force. The effectiveness of an asymmetric ‘air denial’ strategy for a defender is an important development. Except for the first few days, Russia has not pushed for air dominance. On the other hand, Ukraine as a weaker power has employed the strategy of air denial successfully. Large infusion of short-range air defence missiles and mobile air defence systems have given Ukraine an ability to deter Russian air attacks. This has given significant freedom of manoeuvre for the Ukrainian forces. Due to lack of air superiority, Russia has refrained from using its air force in deep strikes into Ukraine. As a result, Ukrainian infrastructure and logistics hubs remain functional. Russia’s airpower employment continues to be dominated by Soviet doctrine of using it primarily in support of the land forces. Russian air power has, largely, followed to support its land operations rather than operate independently to destroy Ukrainian war capability. This is clearly limiting the full potential of air power and has strong lessons for India where land force mindset is overwhelming. Russia has used long-range missiles, including hypersonic missiles to destroy select targets. The hypersonic missile is

the LCH is the result of a right process of derivative development. It flows from the ALH experience and its basic design. The first prototype of the LCH was shown at the Bangalore Aero India show in 2007. That it entered series production in 15 years is a creditable achievement

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

IAF@90 SPECIAL The Astra Mk-I missile being test fired from a Su-30 fighter of the Indian Air Force

Space and cyber power are playing the most critical role in this conflict. Military and commercial satellites are in extensive use for ISR and secure communications. The USA, NATO, and the EU are providing real-time actionable intelligence on Russian forces in terms their deployment, manoeuvre, weaknesses, and accurate targeting

emerging as a game changer. With greater numbers these missiles and armed autonomous UAVs will transform the concept of counter air and other offensive operations. Numbers and coordinated attacks with strong space and cyber support are critical for success. Space and cyber power are playing the most critical role in this conflict. Military and commercial satellites are in extensive use for ISR and secure communications. The USA, NATO, and the EU are providing real-time actionable intelligence on Russian forces in terms their deployment, manoeuvre, weaknesses, and accurate targeting. The recent success of the Ukrainian counter offensives is primarily due to space based ISR capabilities and

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targeting. The sinking of Russia’s flagship of the Black Sea fleet was possible through American spacebased intelligence inputs and coordinated action. Predator and Global Hawk UAV operations from neighbouring countries have added to the ISR inputs for Ukraine. Russia’s use of satellites has been equally high but here the numbers are in Ukraine’s favour. However, Russia’s use of EW and cyber warfare tools have been extensive. American cyber support to safeguard Ukrainian command and control and data centres from Russian cyber-attacks has been equally extensive. Use of armed tactical UAVs has been high on both sides. Mini UAVs and autonomous systems like the Turkish Bayraktar, coupled with AI have proved their versatility in multiple applications – scout, armed, surveillance, and kamikaze attacks. However, the subsequent success of Russian tactical air defence against these demonstrates the impact of counter-UAV operations. This long-drawn conflict highlights the critical importance of supply chain resilience, secure communications and logistics, and the critical importance of air, space, and cyber superiority. An inferior

force with reasonable access to air, space, and cyber resources can deny the stronger force the necessary air dominance. Sanctions on Russia is beginning to impact Russia’s production of high-tech platforms and weapons. Supply chain vulnerability, particularly in critical technology areas, could impact the outcome of any future war. This is a significant lesson for the IAF. India’s effective budgetary allocation for defence modernisation has been in decline for more than a decade. Our political leadership and economists have been advocating for years about the need to downsize the military and reduce defence expenditure. Their indirect argument is that likelihood of a major war is unlikely as diplomacy and political relations would ensure the prevention of war. This is a myth that deserves to be buried particularly after the Galwan clash and the current instability in the world order. Ukraine conflict has demonstrated that numbers matter notwithstanding the focus on quality, innovation, and technology. The overwhelming impact of air, space, and cyber power in current and future wars is the biggest lesson that should be absorbed by the IAF and the government. As the IAF heads towards its 100th anniversary, the importance of addressing its fighter-bomber force structure short falls, rapid enhancement of its space and cyber capabilities, missiles, AI and autonomous systems is never more urgent now than ever. Indian Air Force, with a high level of space, ISR and cyber capabilities, will be the trident of India’s emergence as a great power. –The writer is a former Deputy Chief of

Integrated Defence Staff for Policy, Plans, & Force Development (DCIDS – PP & FD). He is currently the President of The Peninsula Foundation, a Chennai-based public policy research think tank.The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

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Raksha Anirveda

IAF@90 SPECIAL

Flying into a Glorious Future The Indian Air Force will be celebrating its centenary of extraordinary service to the nation in 2032. Beginning with just four Wapiti aircraft and six pilots, the IAF is gradually transforming into a capable force to engage in multi-domain operations with acquisition of both manned and unmanned, supporting platforms, qualified manpower to operate and maintain these platforms, new weapons, critical information, ground infrastructure, new airfields, and decisive application of new technology By Air Marshal Dhiraj Kukreja

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omprehensive combat potential, emphasised by flexibility, quick response, and mobility, is a must-have for any nation. Aerospace power, with its ability to reach far distances, be they be within or outside the borders, fits the bill. This competence has been aptly demonstrated in many conflicts in various parts of the world towards the end of the last century. The need for such a capability is, therefore, inescapable for India, more so because of the ‘not so- friendly’ neighbourhood, and the forever-evolving geopolitical situation. Formally established on 08 October 1932, the IAF will be celebrating its centenary of extraordinary service to the nation in 2032 – a decade from now! Beginning with just four Wapiti aircraft and six pilots, the IAF has transformed into a formidable aerospace force with an enviable prowess. After the successes in the conflicts with Pakistan, the planners initiated a process that is still ongoing. With fast pace of the modernisation, the IAF would celebrate its centenary year with world-class assets and capabilities.

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The Planning Process

No modernisation process starts with just off-the-shelf purchases of aircraft, weapon platforms, systems, or other support equipment. Careful thought, assessment of the future scenario through an understanding of geo-politics, the emerging threat perception, are just a few of the ingredients that have to be studied, before initiating any changes. There is a set pattern, a deviation from which, or a shortfall in the process, can lead to a wastage of resources, not just material or fiscal, but also in

delays of many years, which can prove to be the critical at times! A study of the capabilities of the adversaries is, hence, important. Pakistan has been strengthening its Air Force (PAF) with Chinese assistance, over the last many years, not just with new aircraft, but also support systems and platforms. The PAF is growing in force with an aggressive application of its doctrine of the three Rs – Re-articulation, Reorganisation, and Relocation; this has made the IAF to sit up and take notice. The phenomenal growth of infrastructure all along the border with India, coupled with the increasing assertiveness of China with its recent airspace intrusions in the Ladakh region where only its army was to be seen earlier, is another cause of worry. Hence, the need to acquire weapons and delivery platforms and systems, which would have to

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India Air Force: Westland Wapiti Mk IIA

be operated at high altitudes and at extremely low temperatures. The latter requirement is very difficult to find amongst the globally available equipment, therefore there is need for equipment made as per IAF specifications, at a comparatively lesser cost. The threat perception does not finish just with a comparison of quantity and quality; it has a wide spectrum. The IAF has to cater for a two-front conflict, which may be simultaneous, staggered or initiated with collusion, with controlled escalation. The challenges are manifold, with a blurred or blended nature of combat, merging into a hybrid war, a combination of conventional and non-conventional methods with cyber – as one example – which tend to disrupt the ObserveOrient-Decide-Act (OODA) cycle. The aim for the IAF, therefore, is to build capabilities to not only

defend the country, but also to reverse the enemy’s intentions. As prescribed, the IAF is entrusted with the task of safeguarding the air space of the country for which it needs aircraft and allied equipment to fulfil its basic role. So far, it has maintained an edge over Pakistan in all conflicts and been at par with China. However, with Pakistan fast closing the gap, and the increasing asymmetry with China, the IAF cannot be expected to meet the challenges with vintage aircraft and weapons, surveillance systems, vulnerable communication systems and other support systems and infrastructure. Pranab Mukherjee, as the then Defence Minister, had mentioned in the annual PC Lal Memorial Lecture of 2006 that “India is not looking to imposing its ideology on its neighbours, yet it must possess capabilities

of safeguarding its extended frontiers, from the Gulf of Aden to the Straits of Malacca”. The frontiers have since extended well beyond! To this end, the IAF and the other Services should possess: (a) Deterrent Capability. The capability would primarily be to deter any adversary, state or non-state, with conventional and nuclear weapons. (b) War-Waging Capability. In the event of failure to deter, the IAF should be able to inflict punishing damage within the limited time window, keeping in mind that the future conflicts are going to be short and swift. (c) Force Projection Capability. The IAF must have a force projection capability, either individually or as a part of a joint expeditionary force, reaching to the extremes of our “extended frontiers” or places of strategic interest. (d) Peace-keeping Capability. The IAF should have the capability to meet the increasing demands of UN peace-keeping missions, in any part of the world, to project India, as a responsible member of the international comity of nations.

Capability Voids and Corrections

Capability voids, as identified, exist not just in the offensive capability of the IAF, but also on ground, which includes infrastructure, an issue normally side-lined while acquiring new platforms and systems. There is a big gap in the availability of new airfields, hardened structures – also known as, blast pens – heliports, and other support infrastructure. All this is extremely important

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The IAF has to cater for a two-front conflict, which may be simultaneous, staggered or initiated with collusion, with controlled escalation

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

IAF@90 SPECIAL

Netra Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) aircraft

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As the IAF goes in for an increase in numbers, no amount of infrastructure can be said to be adequate. So, the IAF plans for an increase in its offensive capability

to gain a semblance of parity against China, especially in the Ladakh area, where China is way ahead. As the IAF goes in for an increase in numbers, no amount of infrastructure can be said to be adequate. So, the IAF plans for an increase in its offensive capability, the ground infrastructure – in Air Force parlance, known as ‘work services’ – must also be planned alongside, and not as an afterthought. In offensive capability, numbers do matter! Notwithstanding the multirole capabilities of the new inductions as also the 4.5 generation aircraft soon to be acquired, the entitled 42 squadrons is a target to be met in the shortest possible time-frame. Surveillance gaps need to be plugged with radars on the ground, and where it is not possible, through the acquisition of airborne surveillance and control systems – AWACS and AEWC aircraft. The systems, to cater for the upper reaches of the Northern sector, need to be more mobile over rough terrain, by being lightweight, with advanced technology and the capability of extremely lowtemperature-operations. The airborne surveillance

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India Air Force AWACS: Beriev A-50EI Mainstay

and control systems are not just an ‘eye or an ear in the sky’, but also magnify the capabilities of a pilot by looking far ahead than the human eye – hence the term force multipliers! Coupled with the radars on ground and AWACS/ AEWC in the air, there is the need for long range Surface-to-Surface missiles (SSMs) and shoulderfired Surface-to-Air missiles (SAMs), as a complement to the other air defence weapons. The success of such weapon /weapon-support platforms and surveillance systems depends upon secure and sound communications. The communications, hence, have to be tri-services integrated, for the systems to be effective and the three Services to be able to coordinate their activities, not

just intra-theatre, but also intertheatre. This domain has seen much progress, especially for the IAF, with its well-established Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS). It would surprise the reader that the IAF control room in Air HQ, New Delhi, can monitor all air movements on a radar screen, both friendly and enemy, be they even be in a distant location, and also interact with pilots of the aircraft, and the controlling AWACS or ground radars (Whilst in service, this writer has witnessed such an occurrence!). The upcoming communication networks of the IA and the IN will be integrated into the IACCS very soon, thus converting the entire communication system into a robust and

Raksha Anirveda

IAF@90 SPECIAL

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The IAF, as it flies into its centenary decade, will be a capable force to engage in multidomain operations, able to deliver tellingeffects with timing and tempo to extend the adversary’s OODA loop

secure means of interaction. Another dimension that has been added into today’s conduct of war is Space. While the country has done well and earned a name for itself through the many successes of ISRO, unfortunately, the application of the capabilities of space-based assets has left many voids for the defence services. The inability to launch on demand, multi-spectral surveillance, hyperspectral imagery, and geo-spatial intelligence are few of the many voids that need to be plugged. The IAF has used the capabilities of the many satellites launched thus far, but only minimally. There is scope for much more, and hence, considerable work needs to be done in this field.

The Air Force in 2032

Air power has increasingly become the decisive factor in combat ever since its introduction as a warwaging platform in World War I or as the historians would lead us to believe that it was even earlier, in the days of the balloons! Beginning with the 1991 Gulf War, and further confirmed in subsequent conflicts, the capabilities of new technologies has led to a realisation of the tremendous potential available through the

medium of air and space. A word of caution though, airpower and space-power deployed in these conflicts by USA and its allies was against little or no opposition! The air and space power that was on display, comprised of some critical components that could be termed as “core competencies”, so essential to an Air Force, which can be enumerated as: (a) Information superiority. (b) Long range attacks with precision capability (c) Strategic reach and logistics (d) Air and Space superiority What would the IAF of 2032 be like? While laying emphasis on building its core competencies to tackle situations through the arising new world order, it has moved ahead to develop itself into a major component of national power, with a capability of antiaccess, target identification and force protection through swift and decisive application of technology and fire power. New acquisitions are not just a booster to the deterrence and war waging capability, but the IAF has also looked beyond, with the desire to plug voids through new technology, not just by buying off-the-shelf from foreign countries, but utilising the indigenous knowledge-banks

Pinaka Missile System

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and industry. The prowess thus far achieved, has been displayed repeatedly in the recent past in various humanitarian relief operations, both within and outside the national boundaries, and participation in bilateral and multilateral air exercises. The robust agility displayed by the IAF is a window to its military deployment capabilities, which has not been lost to military observers over the world. The IAF, as it flies into its centenary decade, will be a capable force to engage in multidomain operations, able to deliver telling-effects with timing and tempo to extend the adversary’s OODA loop, simultaneously shortening its own, be they in the conventional domains of air and space, or non-conventional domains of cyber, information warfare (IW), and social media. The reader must comprehend that air and space power is intrinsically different from either land or sea power, hence its employment is guided by axioms different from those for surface and sub-surface forces. The transformation of the IAF commenced from the turn of the century with acquisition of firepower platforms – both manned and unmanned, supporting platforms – aerial and ground-based, qualified manpower to operate and maintain these platforms, new weapons, critical information infrastructure, ground infrastructure and new airfields, are just to name a few in the process of the ongoing overhaul. The IAF in the next decade would transform itself from Wapitis and Sopwith Camels to modern technology, and with a vision for tomorrow. ‘Change’ is the keyword – to move with the times! –The writer is an IAF veteran. Views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

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Raksha Anirveda

IAF@90 SPECIAL

IAF Leveraging New Gen Technological Superiority

Airpower will play an overwhelming role in future wars. It has the ability to deliver firepower with precision. Air forces across the world conduct research to identify various applications of AI in military aviation. The IAF is adequately poised to undertake its operations efficiently by leveraging various facets of cutting-edge technology By Air Vice Marshal Sanjay Bhatnagar

“I feel it is an opportune time for us to transform service into a modern, future ready and technologically superior aerospace power by the time we celebrate our centenary, 10 years from now.” Indian Air Force Chief of the Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari, PVSM AVSM VM ADC

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ast few conflicts across the globe have made modern-day military thinkers reiterate the overwhelming role that airpower is likely to play in the future security environment. This belief is the result of a fundamental shift in the character and conduct of various operations and the technology-aided ability of airpower to rapidly adapt to emerging scenarios. Air Power is inherently characterised by its ability to deliver firepower with precision, at far-off ranges, in a short time and almost anywhere within the area of responsibility (AOR). The IAF is a technologyintensive combat arm. In order to fight an adversary in a future conflict, the IAF must have a definitive digital advantage. On the 90th Anniversary of the IAF, the force has much to compliment itself in the field of employment of various cuttingedge technologies in various domains of air operations to offer it a clear lead vis-à-vis the adversary and adulation from friendly air forces.

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AI in Air Operations

Air Forces across the world are conducting research activities to identify various applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in military aviation. In this digital age, the IAF competes with the rival air forces of China and Pakistan. It is aware that it cannot ignore such disruptive technologies and needs to apply these cutting-edge technologies to air operations. Also, there is a requirement to progress at a faster rate and not to allow the technological differential with advanced western air forces to build up. IAF has followed a twoprong approach to employing

AI. It has employed in-house domain experts and uniformed AI-software specialists available within the IAF. At the same time, it has also got the solutions customized through some of the leading companies, leveraging closed-loop coordination with the IAF domain experts. In April last year, during an e-symposium on ‘AI for Air Warriors’, the then Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal RKS Bhadauria highlighted the significance of AI for IAF operations and further innovations required for making AI a reality for IAF. In July this year, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, while speaking at the first-ever symposium and exhibition on Artificial Intelligence in Defence (AIDef), said that India is developing AI-based weapon systems, keeping in mind the crucial role technology can play in future warfare.

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On July 10, 2022, Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS), Air Marshal Sandeep Singh, inaugurated the IAF’s Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Artificial Intelligence under the aegis of the Unit for Digitisation, Automation, Artificial Intelligence and Application Networking (UDAAN) at Air Force Station Rajokri, New Delhi. This is a software incubation lab for handling all aspects of analytics, Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Neural Networks and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms. VCAS said that IAF has taken proactive steps to embed Industry 4.0 and Al-based technologies in its war-fighting processes. He reiterated that the AICoE with high-end computing and big data storage capabilities, coupled with full-spectrum Al software suites, would substantially enhance the operational capability of IAF.

awareness of the pilots. The way forward is more innovation in coordination with IAF domain experts, academia and software development teams, including the DPSUs and MSMEs. After the Pathankot incident, the government approved an Integrated Perimeter Security System (IPSS) for 23 air bases. Project relies on AI for undertaking perimeter surveillance and safety inspections by merging data coming from different types of Electro Optical (EO) devices, motion detection sensors, ground radars, surveillance and thermal cameras thereby offering a composite 24x7 live feed to ensure an impregnable perimeter security system. The IAF has issued an RFP seeking innovative solutions towards detection of Foreign Object Damage (FOD), lying on the runway or aircraft operating surfaces, without physical employment of manpower. The IAF is looking for a

In air situations, detecting, tracking and engaging aerial threats are essential for fighter pilots to survive and carry out their missions. This is where Big Data and Machine Learning come in, as these AI can process a lot of information very quickly to enhance the battlespace

solution based on the employment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools and algorithms on the imagery and data generated by swarm drones undertaking this task. The IAF has also employed AI tools for change detection over satellite images. At AIDef in July this

Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS) is a completely indigenous solution, created in collaboration with BEL, IIIT Hyderabad, IIT Jabalpur and IIT Kharagpur for embedding AI systems into its IACCS

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

IAF@90 SPECIAL

Software Defined Radios System

year, Air Marshal N Tiwari, Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (DCAS), brought out that by embedding AI, IAF has leveraged technological advances in the field of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR). Adoption of these technologies has drastically reduced timelines for intelligence gathering, asset identification and weapon-to-target matching, thereby positively enhancing the war readiness and fighting capability of the IAF. Besides this, the IAF uses another analysis tool for intelligence processing and analysis to prepare a composite intelligence picture, being developed in collaboration with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). The IAF has also developed an AI-based campaign planning and analysis system (CPAS), which is being used to provide functionality for the planning of campaigns and debriefing solutions for all types of aircraft. CPAS is used to simulate the entire war campaign for practice and skill enhancement of planners and decision-makers. IAF has employed AI in reducing

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the workload of engineers and maintenance personnel by enabling predictive maintenance. The complete technical history and performance parameters of each type of aircraft are being tracked and recorded by in-house developed software called e-MMS. AI is employed on this data to infer a pattern and take preventive action as and when required. It also generates timely alerts and alarms to prompt action by domain experts. Today the IAF is well poised to exploit the AI functionalities due to robust network connectivity and IAF’s capability to exploit data.

(AFNet). Former Defence Minister AK Antony dedicated the AFNET to the nation in September 2010. Today, IAF is a true network-centric combat force, AFNet provides the IAF its combative edge. AFNet incorporates the latest traffic transportation technology in form of Internet Protocol (IP) packets over the network using Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS). A large VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) layer with stringent quality of service (QoS) provides robust, high-quality voice, video and conferencing solutions. Today all the operational, maintenance and enterprise applications of the IAF ride on the AFNet backbone. AFNet is essentially a terrestrialbased network with redundancies provided through a SATCOM backup system. The entire network is secured with a host of advanced state-of-the-art encryption technologies, developed in-house by the IAF in coordination with

AFNet the Networking Backbone

Strategic thinking to exploit technology in various domains of IAF operations has been well ingrained in the IAF culture. Conducting net-centric operations was agreed to be an absolute necessity for success. Foundation for this capability rests largely on the IAF-owned Air Force Network

Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS)

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academia and certified by the Scientific Analysis Group (SAG). AFNet project is part of the overall mission to network all three services, under the national level project termed Network for Spectrum (NFS).

IACCS

In order to provide an integrated air situation picture to undertake an air defence (AD) role in the most efficient manner within its area of responsibility (AOR), the IAF has established an Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS). This has proved to be a major force multiplier for the IAF. The proposal was cleared by the Government in 2008. IACCS has been conceptualised towards facilitating centralised command and control by automated integration of all air defence resources, pan India, including from all ground-based and airborne sensors, AD weapon systems and

Command & Control (C2) nodes. It also provides redundant radio communication between aircraft and ground sensors through its array of Iron Node terminals located across the country. IACCS rides the AFNET. IACCS is a significant step taken by the IAF towards achieving NCW capability. Steps are on to soon include the Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) area also under IACCS. IACCS is a completely indigenous solution, created in collaboration with BEL, IIIT Hyderabad, IIT Jabalpur and IIT Kharagpur for embedding AI systems into its IACCS.

Software Defined Radios (SDRs)

Another net-centric capability that the IAF has addressed is for the various fighters and other aircraft to be able to share their combat picture and communicate with each other in a safe and secure manner.

SDRs shape the radio waveform with secure software that makes it difficult to hack and intercept, thus allowing secure voice, data and video transmission. For enabling this, the IAF has bought 400 BNET from Rafael, Israel, and integrated them with the fighter fleets of Mirage 2000, Su-30 MKI and MiG-29 aircraft. This will ensure secure communication between fighters in the air and various sensors (Surveillance Radars and surface missile systems) on the ground and most importantly with the Airborne Warning and Control Systems (AWACS) aircraft. The project is nearing operationalisation. Procurement of additional SDRs to enlarge the SDR-Net is under active consideration, albeit through an indigenous route. The IAF felt the need for a robot like UXOR (Unexploded Ordnance Handling Robot) after Pakistan’s response to the Balakot airstrike. IAF, in coordination with DRDO, has developed a semi-automated robot to detect unexploded bombs (up to 1000 kg), make them safe and conduct delayed destruction through a remote safe mechanism from a distance of 2 km. Today the IAF is adequately poised to undertake its operations efficiently by leveraging various facets of cutting-edge technology. IAF has smartly exploited technology to act as a force multiplier. In order to get maximum advantage, its ongoing projects need to continue to be steered in coordination with academia and private industry.

SPECIAL

IAF has smartly exploited technology to act as a force multiplier. In order to get maximum advantage, its ongoing projects need to continue to be steered in coordination with academia and private industry

-The writer is an IAF veteran and has been involved in air operations, intelligence and strategic matters. He has served as Assistant Chief of Air Staff (Off Ops) at Air HQ and Assistant Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Tech Int) at HQ - IDS, appointments related to offensive operations, UAV, space and ISR matters. The views expressed are of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

IAF@90 SPECIAL

THE INDIAN AIR FORCE: GUARDIAN OF THE SKIES

The Indian Air Force is the pride of the nation, always defending our borders with their skills and valour. It’s transforming itself for the future as an effective, always mission ready aerospace force By Jay Maniyar

HE INDIAN AIR FORCE DAY AND A BRIEF RECENT HISTORY: India will celebrate the Indian Air Force (IAF) Day on October 8, 2022. IAF Day is celebrated at the Hindon air base in the presence of the IAF chief and senior officials of the three wings of the armed forces. The annual Air Force Day flypast and parade on October 8 will be held in Chandigarh this year, however, instead of the Hindon airbase. As is historically evident, the IAF has made India proud on a number of occasions by playing a key role in wars against neighbouring Pakistan and providing robust air defence against China. The two countries pose an immediate, two-front challenge for India, and the IAF is at the forefront of India’s fight against this challenge. The IAF was raised on October 8, 1932, and since then, the Indian Air Force celebrates IAF Day on the 8th of October every year. India will celebrate a landmark 90th IAF Day on October 8th 2022. The IAF is equipped with 1,500 aircraft and more than 750 combat aircraft. The MiG-27s were retired at the start of 2020, while the MiG-21 (three squadrons) will be retired by 2025. The IAF is also planning to retire the MiG-29 by 2027-28, and the Jaguars by 2034. The Dassault Mirage-2000 has been upgraded to serve the IAF till 2030. The IAF is plagued by an insufficient number of squadrons following the retirement of aircraft such as the MiG-27. The present 32 squadrons in service are far lower than the required 42. India will induct 83 numbers of India’s indigenous fighter jet, the Tejas (Light Combat Aircraft, LCA) produced by India’s Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). This step is aimed at closing the gap in squadron numbers, and ushering in an indigenous element in the IAF. India had previously announced

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a grand plan to acquire a large number of aircraft from abroad (126, precisely) as part of the Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) deal. The MMRCA proposal eventually failed to materialise and was succeeded by another deal to acquire a few hundred aircraft for the IAF. India decided to acquire 36 Rafale fighter jets from Dassault, France, in fly-away condition after the failure of the MMRCA deal. The Rafales are now India’s frontline fighters. The delivery of the first five Rafales was completed in July 2020 after a short delay due to the novel Coronavirus pandemic. India now boasts several air superiority fighter jets in the IAF and continues to envision future acquisitions from the preferably domestic defence industrial base. As the nation celebrates Air Force Day, Ravi Nirgudkar, Managing

Director – India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, BAE Systems recalling the long association with the Indian Air Force said: “Our heartiest congratulations to the Indian Air Force on the 90th Air Force Day! BAE Systems is honoured to have been a close partner of the Indian Air Force for the last seven decades and is proud to have contributed to its modernization. From being a core contributor in establishing the Air Force Technical College in 1949 to providing advanced training to young IAF pilots on our Hawk Mk132 trainer – BAE Systems has always been committed to strengthening the Indian Air Force’s expertise and capabilities. Our vision and mission align with the Government’s ambitions of Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) and ‘Make in India’. The world-class manufacturing facility we established for the Hawk India programme in partnership with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) demonstrates the success of ‘Make in India’ in defence manufacturing. Today, Hawk has exceeded 100,000 flying hours with the Indian Air Force and Indian Navy, and I wish it to achieve many more such milestones. We are proud of our incountry presence and the robust partnerships we have created with

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the local industry, which includes HAL and Mahindra Defence Systems Ltd, as well as several MSMEs and SMEs that are now a part of our growing supply chain. With the strategy of ‘co-creating for a selfreliant India’, BAE Systems looks forward to further partnering with DRDO and local industry to strengthen the Indian Armed Forces capabilities and supporting them in their upgradation and modernization journey towards Modern Fighter Aircrafts.” India cancelled an ambitious FifthGeneration Fighter Aircraft (FGFA) plan that was to be undertaken jointly with Russia. This plan aimed to develop an advanced fifthgeneration fighter jet in collaboration. It was shelved in April 2018 after languishing for 11 years. Instead, India is focusing on developing an extremely advanced stealth fighter jet through its Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) project. This project is expected to be completed in the next few years. India remains committed to absorbing indigenous fighter aircraft into its inventory as fast as possible. This is to ensure that the IAF does not need to rely on others. It will also help the nation to fast-track its journey to superpower status. Air power ensures that India is a strategic and competent heavyweight in its particularly sensitive northern areas (which belong to India but are claimed by Pakistan and China). In recent developments, in June 2020, India decided to order 21 MiG-29 and 12 Sukhoi Su-30 MKI land-attack aircraft from Russia. The deal had been discussed during the preceding Air Force Day in 2019. India has a fleet of over 250 Sukhois while the MiG is its second frontline attack fighter. In recent days, India has been considering acquiring either the F/ AE-18 Super Hornet from the United States or the naval variant of the French Rafale for the Indian Navy’s air arm. In September-end 2022, the Indian Navy (IN) fast-tracked

the acquisition of twenty-six fighter aircraft for its aircraft carrier. The IN recently commissioned the INS Vikrant, an indigenous aircraft carrier. The Indian Air Force has been a solid defender of the Indian skies and remains available for dispatch for missions and suchlike at the mandate of the government of India. Moreover, the precedent to India’s push for self-reliance or Atmanirbharta in defence was the induction of the indigenous HF-24 Marut aircraft in the 1960s. India is now taking baby steps in its goal to emerge as an exporter of arms and ammunition after having hogged the limelight for many years as the world’s foremost importer of arms. The Tejas combat aircraft is considered an advanced fighter and many countries are already vying to purchase it. India is also aiming to export Tejas to prospective buyers such as Malaysia. India has recently announced that the BRAHMOS missile will be exported to the Philippines.

CONCLUSION – GUARDIAN OF THE SKIES

While India is constrained by a shortage of squadrons which could

have fulfilled the initial goal set for the IAF’s requirements, the IAF continues to do the nation proud, even with its limited resources. In recent times, the IAF fearlessly undertook the Balakot airstrike, intended to avenge the gruesome Pulwama attack. The IAF is indeed the guardian of the skies for the country. The IAF remains ready to tackle any threat posed to India. The naval air wing is also capably equipped to help ensure maritime security of India’s vast Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). India can sleep safely at night because of the many strengths of the Indian Air Force, and it’s no surprise that IAF Day is celebrated with much pomp and splendour. 90 years of valorous service by the IAF is a matter of immense pride to India, and we hope that the IAF can continue to serve the nation for decades to come. -The writer is a researcher writing two books for National Maritime Foundation (NMF) on Japan and South Korea’s geopolitical, geo-economic and geostrategic interests in the Indian Ocean. He is a prolific writer and published author; a research fellow at the Defence Research and Studies (DRaS) think tank; a member of the Indo-Pacific Circle and the chief editor of an upcoming monthly magazine at the Indic Researchers Forum. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

SPECIAL

India decided to acquire 36 Rafale fighter jets from Dassault, France, in fly-away condition after the failure of the MMRCA deal. The Rafales are now India’s frontline fighters

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

IAF@90 SPECIAL

IAF:PRESENT TENSE, FUTURE IMPERFECT

The IAF currently has a combat force of six different fighters many of which are obsolete and should have been retired a long time ago. How will these aircraft perform in combat against state-of-the-art Chinese and Pakistani fighters is anybody’s guess

By Neeraj Mahajan

T 74

he Indian Air Force (IAF) is critically short of both– aircraft, and pilots. This is something that affects the operational preparedness of the Indian Air Force to counter the “two front collusive threat” from Pakistan and China. Replying to a question in the parliament, Minister of State for Defence Shripad Naik admitted that against a sanctioned strength of 4,239, the IAF had 3,834 – a shortage of 405 pilots. Significantly against an authorised figure of 1:1.25, the IAF’s fighter aircraft to pilot ratio is 1:0.81, much less than Pakistan Air Force’s fighter to pilot ratio of 1:2.5 or the US where the cockpit to pilot ratio is 1:2. Likewise the sanctioned cockpit to pilot ratio for the IAF’s transport aircraft is 1:1.5 and 1:1 for its helicopters. Even as early as April 2015, the Parliamentary standing committee on defence (SCOD) observed that against a sanctioned strength of 42, the Indian Air Force had just 35 active aircraft squadrons and 39 Helicopter Units. “With regard to this, representatives of air force deposed before the committee that a drawdown has already begun and, by 2022, the air force will have around just 25 squadrons, thereby losing even the slight edge over the rival neighbouring nation,” the Standing Committee on Defence said in its report tabled in Parliament. The IAF currently has only 25 active fighter squadrons including

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14 equipped with MiG-21 and MiG27 combat planes which would be phased out by 2024. The IAF has four MiG-21 squadrons in service out of which - one squadron is to be phased out per year. As the then Minister of State (MoS) for Defence Subhash Bhamre told the Lok Sabha, ten Squadrons of the Indian Air Force (IAF) equipped with MiG-21 and MiG-27 aircraft are scheduled to retire by 2024 on completion of their Total Technical Life. This means that the strength would be reduced to just 11 squadrons by 2024. Two squadrons of the Jaguar are also set to retire during this period. To fill this gap IAF plans to procure two squadrons of ,

Indian Air Force Su-30 MKI aircraft

two squadrons of Rafale and six squadrons of Tejas single-engine fighters between now and 2025. So while 12 squadrons will retire by 2024, IAF will get only 10 additional squadrons by 2025. The IAF force line-up consists of ten squadrons of Su-30MKIs, three squadrons of MiG-29s, two and a half squadrons of Mirage 2000s, six squadrons of MiG-21 Bison, five squadrons of Jaguars, and five squadrons of MiG-27s. This is the total strength without accounting for the actual number of inoperative combat aircraft under repair, maintenance and grounded due to lack of spares. The IAF currently has a combat force of six different fighters including MiG-21, MiG29, Mirage 2000, , Jaguar and MiG-27 aircraft. Many of them including 11 squadrons of MiG21 Bison and five squadrons of MiG-27s are obsolete and should have been retired by now. How will these aircraft perform in combat against state-of-the-art Chinese and Pakistani fighters like Su-35, Su-27/30, J-11, and F-16 is anybody’s guess. As far as the man behind the machine is concerned, around 42 defence personnel have been

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IAF MiG-21

killed in 45 defence aircraft and helicopter accidents in the past five years. 29 out of these total 45 accidents occurred on IAF’s platforms - the current Minister of State for Defence Ajay Bhat told Rajya Sabha recently. Significantly the standing committee on defence in 2002 attributed the rising number of aircraft accidents and death of IAF personnel to a lack of training and a shortage of Advanced Jet Trainers (AJT). “The Ministry of Defence has stated that the Indian Air Force has lost 102 MiG21 aircraft and 39 pilots in air accidents during the last ten years. An amount of Rs.311.99 crore has been lost in terms of the cost of the aircraft and Rs. 353.34 crore as the cost incurred in training of 39 pilots killed in these accidents”, the committee observed in its sixteenth report. “Although the Ministry of Defence has initiated several measures to reduce aircraft accidents human error (Aircrew/Technical) accounts for a substantial percentage of accidents/incidents. Measures to enhance the quality of training to improve skill levels, the ability

MiG-27

to exercise sound judgement and improve situational awareness are constantly being reviewed and implemented. The Ministry of Defence has also stated that renewed thrust on acquiring simulators and the AJT is a step towards improving the quality of man behind the machine,” the committee inferred. Without mincing words, the SCOD went on to add that: “In a written reply to the question of acquisition of an ‘Advanced Jet Trainer’ the Ministry of Defence has stated that the Commercial negotiation with the shortlisted vendor has remained inconclusive and that it would not be possible

to lay down a time limit for such a major procurement project, however, the Government is keen on early finalisation of the issue. The Ministry of Defence has also stated that at present, stageIll or the operational conversion training is being carried out on the MiG-21 FL aircraft, which are now slated for depletion commencing this year. In case there is further delay in the procurement of the AJT, the IAF would be constrained to use the later vintage MiG-21 Bis aircraft, currently deployed in operational squadrons, for training. This would effectively reduce the available strength of squadrons for operational duties,

As the then, Minister of State (MoS) for Defence Subhash Bhamre told the Lok Sabha, ten Squadrons of the Indian Air Force (IAF) equipped with MiG-21 and MiG-27 aircraft are scheduled to retire by 2024 on completion of their Total Technical Life. This means that IAF’s strength would be reduced to just 11 squadrons by 2024

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

IAF@90 SPECIAL The PAC in their 29th report on ‘Aircraft Accidents in Indian Air Force’ have pointed out that the unabated accidents involving fighter aircraft, MiG variants in particular underscore the urgent need for replacing the ageing fleet and the immediate induction of AJT

which would have to be made up by the induction of some fighter aircraft. Some schemes for the induction of aircraft are in the pipeline. The PAC in their 29th report on “Aircraft Accidents in Indian Air Force’ have pointed out that the unabated accidents involving fighter aircraft, MiG variants in particular underscore the urgent need for replacing the ageing fleet and the immediate induction of AJT. The Committee again stress that the urgent requirements of the IAF particularly those pertaining to training should be taken up expeditiously to induce confidence in the operational flying units of the Indian Air Force. The acquisition of the AJT has been hanging for almost two decades. From the early 80s when a Special Committee on Flight Safety (SCFS) was constituted in August 1982 under the Chairmanship of the then Air Marshal La Fontaine which emphasised the need for a suitable trainer and the Air Staff Target (AST) which was cast by the Air Headquarters in 1984, the Government has failed to acquire an Advanced Jet Trainer (AJT), till today.” Impressing upon the Government to expedite the modernisation of the IAF at the earliest, the Committee observed that air superiority plays a crucial role in modem warfare. “The Committee are unhappy to note that the major modernisation schemes for the Air Force have not materialised during the year 20012002. The urgent requirement of the Indian Air Force which has been pending for a very long time, especially the AJT, AWACS & LLTRs and also Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS) and Surveillance Radar Element (SRE) could not be made available to the IAF in spite of the funds allocated for the same during the year.”

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Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas

As things stand today, apart from Advanced Jet Trainer (AJT), the IAF’s bucket list includes Air Borne Warning and Control Systems (AWACS), MiG-29, Mi-17 Helicopters, Low-Level Transportable Radars (LLTRs), Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS), and Surveillance Radar Element (SRE) etc. The Indian Air Force (IAF) is understood to have drawn up a three-year timeline to phase out the remaining four MiG-21 and three MiG-29 squadrons of fighter jets in the next five years. The plan is to retire all four MiG-21 squadrons by 2025 including the Srinagar-based No 51 squadron known as ‘Swordarms’ which will be number-plated on September 30. Number plating implies the retirement of an entire squadron which typically comprises 17-20 aircraft. The No 51 squadron took part in ‘Operation Safed Sagar’ during the Kargil war in 1999 as well as the Balakot air strike against Pakistan in 2019. Currently, the IAF has around 70 MiG-21 aircraft and 50 MiG29 variants. The MiG-21s have been the mainstay of the IAF for a long time but have been in the

news because poor safety record of late. Likewise, the 40-year-old MiG-29s inducted into the IAF fleet in the 1980s will have to be phased out over a period of five years by 2027-28. Some of the other frontline aircraft in the IAF inventory include Jaguars, which too will have to be phased out by the end of this decade. India had procured 272 Su30s from Russia and has around 12 Su-30 squadrons in service, out of which at any given time around 40-50 aircraft are at HAL for overhaul repairs. Significantly a large number of Sukhoi-30 and other fighters are on the ground because of a lack of spares. In the last couple of years, several steps have been taken to increase the fleet modernisation and serviceability of the Russian equipment, including the Su-30 which constitutes a significant number in the IAF inventory. Similarly, efforts are on to improve the mission capabilities, fly by wire and flight controls within the country. The IAF is looking to add new weapons, avionics and sensors and engines to keep the Su-30MKIs flying for the next few decades. Besides the Su-30 aircraft,

Raksha Anirveda

IAF@90 SPECIAL Dassault Rafale on the sky

India is now looking for foreign partners to develop its own stealth jet and betting big on Tejas - a multi-role supersonic fighter equipped with a digital fly-by-wire Flight Control System (FCS)

the IAF has three squadrons each of the Mirage 2000 and MiG-29, and four squadrons of Jaguar aircraft in its inventory. Due to delays in acquisitions, the IAF has been forced to continue the last four MiG-21 Bison squadrons which are at the fag-end of their technical life. India is currently the largest operator of MiG-21 Bison, with an estimated 100+ aircraft on duty. All this boils down to the fact that even in the next 10-15 years, it will not be possible for the IAF to reach the sanctioned strength of 42 fighter squadrons worked out in the aftermath of the 1962 war. Though the IAF has been urging the government during the annual IAF Commanders Conferences to build up the strength of the combat fleet, but to no avail. Perhaps, because of a perception in the minds of Defence ministry ‘Babus’ who seriously believe that conventional wars are not likely to happen, hence do not give aircraft purchases - the attention it deserves. To bridge this gap the IAF plans to build around 100 advanced fighter jets in India as part of the Make in India initiative. The Defence ministry is learnt to

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have signed a Rs 48,000 crore deal with the Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) to procure 83 Tejas fighter aircraft to make up for the replacement of IAF’s ageing fighter fleet. The IAF is also in the process of procuring 114 MultiRole Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) and 36 Dassault Rafale multi-role fighters to overcome the critical shortages facing the IAF. India is also reliably learnt to be working on an ambitious $5 billion project to develop a fifth-generation medium-weight deep penetration fighter jet to strengthen its air strike potential. India is now looking for foreign partners to develop of its own stealth jet and betting big on Tejas - a multi-role supersonic fighter equipped with a digital fly-bywire Flight Control System (FCS). Already USA, Malaysia, Argentina, Australia, Egypt, Indonesia, and the Philippines are understood to have shown interest in procuring the indigenously designed and developed single-engine Tejas fighter jets. A grim reality that cannot be ignored is that in the absence of a better alternative, India is forced to purchase second-hand to

meet the immediate requirement of spare parts or make do with second-best equipment sourced from unreliable suppliers who for purely commercial reasons also end up doing business with India’s adversaries. For instance, out of sheer desperation, India was forced to source 24 Mirage aircraft from France. Only 13 of the 24 Mirage 2000 fighters were operationally intact, while the remaining 11 aircraft consisted of engines, airframes, ejection seats and fuel tanks. This was the need of the hour to procure spare parts for IAF’s two combat squadrons. There is no magic bullet that can reverse this trend, but then it is also true that India is quite capable of developing its own weapons systems – much superior to those possessed by its adversaries. But why hasn’t it been doing so – is anybody’s guess. Make in India – is the only option that India will have to explore today as well as in future. -The writer is a seasoned media professional with over three decades of experience in print, electronic, and web media. He is presently Editor of Taazakhabar News. The views expressed are of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Unravelling

civil AVIATION

Raksha Anirveda

CIVIL AVIATION NEWS

Commercial Electric Aircraft Getting Ready for Take-Off With nearly every industry across the world trying to reduce emissions and carbon footprints, the aviation industry cannot be left too far behind. The rapid depletion of fossil fuels is a huge concern, and there are continuous efforts to innovate and move to more sustainable, cleaner energy sources. Across the world, a few small companies are experimenting with hybrid and electric aircraft. It’s possible that we may see these in the air and operational in the very near future By Sri Krishna

here is increasing focus on aircraft having low emissions and making air travel cheaper. Faradair is located in a small office overlooking an airfield, which was once home to the UK’s first Spitfire squadron. It’s a tiny British start-up hoping to make a little history of its own - as one of the pioneers of commercial electrified aviation.

Faradair is planning to develop and sell a hybrid-electric passenger plane, aimed at the regional aviation market. It would have up to 19 seats and would be propelled by a fan driven by an electric motor. The necessary electricity would be provided by a small gas turbine. As its chief executive, Neil Cloughley said, such a plane would have far fewer moving parts than a conventional propeller aircraft, making it cheaper to run. It would also be much quieter, and produce fewer emissions. “Why do we not use aeroplanes like we would a bus?” he asks. “The reason is the cost of operation, primarily. Also, if you start using lots of aeroplanes it creates a lot of noise, and of course, we have now got into an age where sustainability really is a key part of our future,” he said. It plans to have the aircraft flying by 80

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2025 with commercial use starting in 2027. “So, we decided we would come up with an aircraft that would not only be economic to use, and therefore costeffective, but would also be quiet and sustainable,” Cloughley said. In order to provide extra lift, and allow take-offs and landings from short runways, it would also have a triplelevel wing. This would give it a passing resemblance to a World War One fighter, despite having state-of-the-art aerodynamics. The aircraft start-up has ambitious plans and as Cloughley says the Faradair design would allow short hops between cities such as London and Manchester for £25 each way - less than the cost of a rail ticket. In more remote or inaccessible regions, meanwhile, such planes could provide a transport lifeline from small airstrips, avoiding the need for major investments in road or rail lines.

Electric Aviation Startups from Across the World

Faradair is far from alone in seeing the potential of electric aviation, at a time when governments around the world are searching for ways to reduce carbon emissions. Nor is its project the most ambitious. California-based start-up Wright Electric, for example, plans to bring a fully-electric 100-seat aircraft into service by the middle of the decade. It would be based on the existing Bae146, with its four turbofan engines replaced by electric motors. The company, which has a partnership with Easyjet, says the aircraft would be used to carry out one-hour flights, allowing it to serve routes such as London-Paris, New York-Washington or Hong Kong-Taipei. However, in testing, the plane will run as a hybrid. Initially, just one of the four engines will be replaced by an electric motor, with others following if the tests are successful. According to Wright Electric’s chief executive, Jeffrey Engler, potential customers think this is a good approach and one they could also follow when the aircraft enters production. When we spoke to the airlines, they said, ‘Well why don’t you go hybrid initially, instead of full-electric from the start?’” he explains. “Just like the car industry started with hybrids as well. So that’s something we’re looking into.” The main reason electrifying aircraft is so difficult is that even the best batteries contain far less energy

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per kilogram than traditional aviation fuels, making them much too heavy to power an airliner over long distances. Pipstrel, a company from Slovenia has already started selling an electric aeroplane, the Alpha Electro, which the FAA or Federal Aviation Administration certified airworthy n 2018 – the first electric aeroplane to be so certified. It costs 140,000 USD, and weighs just 368 kg. it can fly for 90 minutes with its 21kWh battery and absolutely no fossil fuel. This is less than a quarter of the power in Tesla’s Model S. In June 2022, The Velis Electro, another Pipstrel product, obtained the first electric type certification. This means that the whole design of the aircraft was certified as safe and okayed for mass production. Electric planes like the e-Genius have been under development for decades “The specific energy of today’s batteries is far from what you would need,” explains Dr Andreas Strohmayer, head of the University of Stuttgart’s Institute of Aircraft Design. The Institute has been researching the potential of electric and hybrid aviation since the mid-1990s, and first flew its own experimental two-seater electric plane, the e-Genius, more than a decade ago. “We build our own battery systems for our electric aircraft,” he explains “We are getting in the region of 200 watt hours per kilogram, where we would need 1,000 or 1,500. So we are far from what we would need for a large aircraft.” His view is that small, light electric

aircraft, with up to six seats can be built with today’s technology. The Alice, a nine-seater plane being developed by Israeli firm Eviation, would fit into this category. The aircraft, which has been under development for several years, has been designed to fly up to 600 miles, purely on electric power. For Dr Strohmayer the potential is there for both types of aircraft to create new aviation networks, with small allelectric planes delivering passengers on short hops from local airfields to regional hubs. There, larger hybrid aircraft would be available to carry them on journeys of up to 500km. Harbour Air, North America’s largest seaplane, claims that they operate 30,000 commercial flights annually, transporting over half a million passengers. They took a major step forward with their first successful flight of an electric commercial aircraft. They used a retrofitted seaplane to fly to Vancouver from the mainland of Canada. This conveys that the cleaner model is viable for short-haul flights. They partnered with MagniX, an electric motor company, which has developed sophisticated highpower electric motors. Despite all the hurdles it faced, electric aviation soared to new heights in 2020, setting new records in distance flown. By successfully completing short commercial flight paths, it attracted the attention of the US military, as well as major airline companies from around the world. The director of the International Centre for Air Transportation at MIT, John Hansman opined in 2020, that

electric aviation will be a reality soon. He is involved in Electra, a hybrid electric aircraft start-up. He affirmed that we are likely to see hybrid and battery-powered electric aircraft in service very soon and that a new breed of electric aeroplanes would make their appearance. There has been a tremendous development in technology, and hardware like electric motors and batteries installed in electric automobiles. This has made it easier for aviation to adopt the same with a few minor modifications, bringing the dream of electric commercial aviation close to reality. According to UBS, the investment bank’s estimate, the aviation industry will be at least 25% fully electric or hybrid by 2035.

Final Thoughts

It might all seem incredible to us – just like the mere possibility of air travel seemed to people in the 18th century or earlier. But these developments from around the world indicate otherwise. Several companies are making giant strides in their attempts to power aircraft with cleaner energy. How much longer it will take for this technology to be adopted widely, and whether it will be viable for long-haul flights, remains to be seen. Of course, the cost involved will also play a major role in the decision of aircraft companies regarding moving to hybrid or fully electric aircraft.

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

CIVIL AVIATION NEWS

Airbus Partners with Hiratagakuen to Test Future eVTOL Flight Routes and Concept of Operations in the Kansai Region

saka. Airbus is partnering with Japanese helicopter operator Hiratagakuen to develop advanced air mobility services in the Kansai region and beyond. This is a key addition to the company’s strong regional footprint and growing international network to pioneer the future of mobility. Through this agreement, Airbus and Hiratagakuen will tackle crucial aspects required to launch a commercial transportation service with CityAirbus NextGen. As a major first step, the partners’ joint project to organise a simulation of ideal routes, concepts of operations and necessary equipment for safe eVTOL flights in the Kansai region, has been selected by the Osaka prefecture, with a demonstration flight scheduled for later this year. With the aim to implement air mobility services beyond urban environments, the joint work of Airbus and Hiratagakuen will support the development of advanced air mobility solutions with CityAirbus NextGen, for use cases ranging from air medical services to commercial air transport and ecotourism in a variety of operational contexts. To reach this objective, and with the support of local stakeholders, Airbus and Hiratagakuen

will use an H135 helicopter to test advanced navigation and communication technologies for safe operations of eVTOLs in urban environments, while simulating CityAirbus NextGen’s flight configuration. Hiratagakuen is a Kansai based helicopter operator who specialises in Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS), transportation of personnel, flight training, and maintenance. The company’s current fleet includes 14 H135 and two H145 helicopters. In September 2021, Airbus unveiled its eVTOL prototype CityAirbus NextGen, to explore advanced air mobility technologies and bring urban air mobility services to life. The Company just announced the construction of a dedicated centre to test the aircraft’s systems in the lead up to its maiden flight. Airbus is also working closely

with industrial and institutional partners to lead the development of urban air mobility ecosystems, as recently announced with ITA Airways in Italy, or through the launch of the Air Mobility Initiative in Germany. The relationship between Airbus and Japan dates back over 60 years. More than 600 commercial and fixed wing and rotorcraft have so far been delivered to Japanese operators. Airbus leads the Japanese helicopter market with over 50% market share in the civil and parapublic sectors, and over 370 helicopters in service with 100 customers. In Kobe, Airbus’ helicopter facilities offer a strong suite of helicopter products, training services and turnkey solutions across emergency medical services, law enforcement, electronic news gathering, and parapublic segments.

Saab Partners with Swedish Electric Aircraft Company Heart Aerospace Gothenburg / Stockholm: Saab has committed to becoming a minority shareholder in the Swedish electric aircraft manufacturer Heart Aerospace with a USD 5 million investment. Saab and Heart Aerospace have also signed a collaboration agreement regarding the supply of subsystems and the exploration of further areas of collaboration, including certification and manufacturing. This is in line with Saab’s ambition to support the transition to sustainable aviation. Heart Aerospace develops the ES-30, a regional electric airplane with a standard seating capacity of 30 passengers powered by batteries, allowing it to operate with low noise and with zero emissions. Other Heart Aerospace investors include Breakthrough Energy Ventures, EQT Ventures, European Investment Council, Lower Carbon Capital, Mesa Air Group, United Airlines Ventures and Air Canada.

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Airbus Partners with GMR to Power Aircraft Maintenance Engineering in India and the Region

ew Delhi. Airbus has signed a contract with the GMR Group, a leading Indian aviation infrastructure developer, to provide aircraft maintenance training to young aviation engineers making a trending career choice. GMR will provide the fully integrated Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) licensing program at the GMR School of Aviation in Hyderabad. The fouryear course will include two years of classroom training and a two-year training in maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) at GMR Aero Technic in Hyderabad followed by Aircraft Type Training. According to the contract, Airbus will provide the necessary software and courseware in the form of trainee handbooks, examination database, online access of Airbus customised basic training modules and Airbus Competence Training (ACT) for Academy media package which is the technical training material required for the courses. In addition, Airbus

will also provide training to GMR instructors along with assessment of the training centre. GMR Aero Technic, is India’s largest integrated world-class third-party MRO (Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul) facility located at GMR Hyderabad International Airport. It has taken a giant leap in terms of aircraft maintenance and service in Asia.

Commencing in this year, the programme will be open to aspirants who have cleared their Higher Secondary Certificate (Class 12) examination with Physics and Mathematics as their main subjects. According to the Airbus Global Market Forecast 2022, India will require some 45,000 new aircraft technicians over the next 20 years.

Etihad Airways Scales Up Its Cargo Operations with Airbus’ New Generation A350F Freighter

UAE, Abu Dhabi. Etihad Airways has firmed up its order with Airbus for seven new generation A350F freighters, following its earlier commitment announced at the Singapore Airshow. The freighters will upgrade Etihad’s freight capacity by deploying the most efficient cargo aircraft available in the market. This order of the A350F sees the national carrier of the UAE expanding its relationship with Airbus, and adding to its existing order of the largest passenger version of A350-1000s, five of which have been delivered. Etihad has also firmed up a long term agreement for Airbus’ Flight Hour Services (FHS) to support its entire A350 fleet, to maintain aircraft performance and optimise reliability. This marks the first agreement for an Airbus FHS contract for an A350-fleet in the Middle East. Separately, Etihad has also opted for Airbus’ Skywise Health Monitoring, allowing the airline to access real-time management of aircraft events and troubleshooting, saving time and decreasing the cost of unscheduled maintenance. As part of the world’s most modern long-range family, the A350F provides a high level of commonality with the A350 passenger versions. With a 109 tonne payload capability, the A350F can serve all cargo markets. The aircraft features a large main deck cargo door, with its fuselage length and capacity optimised around the industry’s standard pallets and containers. More than 70% of the airframe of the A350F is made of advanced materials, resulting in a 30 tonne lighter take-off weight and generating at least 20% lower fuel consumption and emissions over its current closest competitor.

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

CIVIL AVIATION NEWS

Malaysia Airlines to Acquire 20 A330neo for Widebody Fleet Renewal

uala Lumpur. Malaysia Aviation Group (MAG), parent company of Malaysia Airlines, has selected the A330neo for the carrier’s widebody fleet renewal programme. The initial agreements cover the acquisition of 20 A330-900 aircraft, with 10 to be purchased from Airbus and 10 to be leased from Dublin-based Avolon. The announcement was made at an event in Kuala Lumpur, attended by MAG CEO Izham Ismail and Airbus Chief Commercial Officer and Head of International Christian

Scherer, who signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the aircraft to be ordered from Airbus. The agreements with engine manufacturer RollsRoyce and Avolon were also signed at the ceremony. Powered by the latest Rolls-Royce Trent 7000 engines, the A330neo will join the carrier’s fleet of six long range

A350-900s and gradually replace its 21 A330ceo aircraft. The carrier will operate the A330neo on its network covering Asia, the Pacific and the Middle East. Malaysia Airlines will configure its A330neo fleet with a premium layout seating 300 passengers in two classes. In addition to the renewal of the widebody fleet, Airbus and MAG also

signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) to study a wider collaboration in the areas of sustainability, training, maintenance and airspace management. The A330neo is the new generation version of the popular A330 widebody. Incorporating the latest generation engines, a new wing and a range of aerodynamic innovations, the aircraft offers 25% reduction in fuel consumption and CO2-emissions. The A330-900 is capable of flying 7,200nm / 13,300km non-stop. The A330neo features the awardwinning Airspace cabin, providing passengers with a new level of comfort, ambience and design. This includes offering more personal space, larger overhead bins, a new lighting system and the ability to offer the latest in-flight entertainment systems and full connectivity. As with all Airbus aircraft, the A330neo also features a state-of-the-art cabin air system ensuring a clean and safe environment during the flight. As at the end of July 2022, the A330neo has received more than 270 firm orders from over 20 customers worldwide.

Redbird Joins Hands with Airbus to Deliver A320 Type-rating Training to Aspiring Pilots in India and South Asia Region New Delhi. Redbird Flight Training Academy has joined hands with Airbus to provide type-rating training to its students who are aspiring to become commercial pilots for the A320 aircraft in the region. As per the contract, Airbus will deliver the Jet Orientation Course (JOC) and Multi-crew Cockpit Co-operation (MCC) – theory and Full Flight Simulator (FFS) sessions to the students. The training will be provided by Airbus-approved instructors at the Airbus India Training Centre (AITC) in Gurugram, starting August 29, 2022. Students holding Commercial Pilot License (CPL) with a valid medical certificate will be eligible to enroll for the course that will run for a period of 60 days. Candidates will be awarded a certificate from Airbus upon completion of the course. 84

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Boeing Announces UPS Purchase of Eight Additional 767s SEATTLE. Boeing recently announced an order from UPS for eight more 767 Freighters. The incremental order will increase UPS’s 767 Freighter fleet to 108 airplanes, enabling the global carrier to further modernize and sustainably grow its fleet. Air cargo continues to play a crucial role in global trade, from supporting supply chains to expanding e-commerce. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has estimated that global air cargo revenue in 2021 was more than double the revenue in pre-pandemic 2019. UPS will begin taking delivery of these new airplanes in 2025, with an additional 767-300 Boeing Converted Freighter (BCF) entering service in late 2023. This purchase builds on UPS’s order for 19 767 Freighters in December 2021. Based on the 767-300ER (Extended Range) passenger jet, the 767 Freighter carries up to 52.4 tonnes of revenue cargo with intercontinental range, serving as a flexible platform for long-

haul, regional and feeder markets. UPS was the launch customer for the 767 Freighter in 1995 and has purchased a total of 108 of the model. The carrier currently operates 238 Boeing freighters including the 747, 757, 767 and MD-11. According to Boeing’s 2022 Commercial Market Outlook forecast, carriers will require 2,795 more

dedicated freighters over the next 20 years, including 940 new widebodies, 555 widebody converted freighters and 1,300 standard body conversions. The global freighter fleet will grow to 3,610 airplanes by 2041, up from 2,250 today. Today, Boeing freighters account for 90% of the world’s freighter capacity, flying millions of tonnes of goods around the globe.

Lufthansa Group Receives First 787 Dreamliner

SEATTLE. Boeing and the Lufthansa Group recently celebrated the delivery of the first 787 Dreamliner, a 787-9, to Europe’s largest airline group at Paine Field, Everett, Wash. The Lufthansa Group has 32 firm orders for the 787 and joins nearly 50 customers worldwide in operating the industry’s most fuel efficient and capable airplane. Boeing designed the 787 family with superior efficiency, which allows airlines to profitably open new routes and fly people directly where they want to go in exceptional comfort. Using 25% less fuel and creating 25% fewer emissions than the airplanes they replace, the 787 family has avoided more than 125 billion pounds of carbon emissions since entering service in 2011. Since revenue service began in 2011, the 787 family has launched more than 325 new nonstop routes around the world, including approximately 50 routes opened since 2020. The 787-9 can fly 296 passengers up to 7,565 nautical miles (14,010 km) in a typical two-class configuration. In addition to 32 787 Dreamliners on order, the Lufthansa Group has firm orders for 20 777-9 passenger airplanes and recently placed a firm order for seven of the new 777-8 Freighter.

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

CIVIL AVIATION NEWS

Indigenous Production of Aviation Fuel AVGAS 100 LL Launched by Indian Oil

ew Delhi: Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) has launched indigenous production of AVGAS 100 LL, a special aviation fuel meant for piston engine aircrafts and unmanned aerial vehicles. It’s a big step towards reducing dependence on imports to meet energy needs as the indigenous availability of AV GAS 100 LL will help reduce the associated logistical challenges and save precious foreign exchange.

“We are undergoing a remarkable transformation which is almost revolutionary. We are reducing dependence on imported fuels by promoting biofuel blending, green hydrogen and introduction of electric vehicles,” said Hardeep Singh Puri, Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas &

“We are undergoing a remarkable transformation which is almost revolutionary. We are reducing dependence on imported fuels by promoting biofuel blending, green hydrogen and introduction of electric vehicles” Hardeep Singh Puri, Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas & Housing and Urban Affairs

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Housing and Urban Affairs, while addressing the event to launch AVGAS 100 LL. The launch event hosted by Indian Oil Corporation at Hindan Air Force Station witnessed participation by senior officials from the Indian Air Force, Flying Training Organisations and the ministries of petroleum and civil aviation. At present AVGAS 100 LL is completely imported product. The domestic production of AVGAS 100 LL produced by Indian Oil at its Gujarat Refinery will make flying training more affordable in India. This product which fuels

the aircraft operated by FTOs and Defence forces is being imported for decades by India. Indian Oil’s R&D, Refineries and Marketing teams have achieved this feat of indigenous production and have offered price advantage to the industry, according to an official statement released by the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas. SM Vaidya, Chairman of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL), said the indigenous production of AVGAS 100 LL will lead to significant savings in foreign exchange for the country. Vaidya expressed hope that India would soon become self-reliant in AVGAS 100 LL production. India’s consumption of AVGAS 100 LL stands at around 3,000 kilo litre per year. IOCL has been importing this special aviation fuel. Now it will start producing it at its refinery in Gujarat. Vaidya said with the new refinery capacity India would not only become self-reliant in AVGAS 100 LL but also be in a position to export it to other countries. Highlighting the importance of launch of indigenous AVGAS 100 LL, the Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas Hardeep Singh Puri said the launch of indigenous AVGAS 100 LL is important to serve the needs of a thriving aviation industry with increase in footfall on airports, rise in number of aircrafts and Flying Training Organisations (FTOs) in trainee aircrafts for pilot training in future. As the demand for air transport in India is expected to increase manifolds

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in the future, there is going to be a huge demand for trained pilots also. And for this, the number of FTOs is also expected to increase significantly, he added. Under Prime Minister’s Atmanirbhar Bharat vision, IOCL has come up with AV Gas 100 fuel which was imported so far at huge cost. It will ensure that all our flight schools and all other smaller aircrafts that use AV Gas 100 LL are able to buy this from indigenous sources and save money. It will make huge difference to us in terms of exporting it to areas and countries which need AV Gas 100 LL fuel, said Gen V K Singh (Retd.), Minister of State for Civil Aviation, and Road Transport and Highways. Principal grade of Aviation Gasoline, AVGAS 100 LL is designed for use in turbocharged reciprocating piston engines aircrafts, mainly used by FTOs and defence forces for training pilots. AV GAS 100 LL produced by Indian Oil’s flagship refinery at Vadodara has been tested and certified by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), the statutory body of the Government of India to regulate civil aviation in India. It is a higher-octane Aviation fuel meeting the product specifications with superior performance quality standards, as compared to imported grades. This will also benefit more than 35 FTOs across India. With the domestic availability of this product, Ministry of Civil Aviation is considering opening more training institutes in the country. Seeing the increase in aviation traffic, the requirement of trained Pilots is expected to increase, the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas said in the statement.

Air Works Receives EASA Part 145 Approval for its MRO Facility at Kochi

NEW DELHI. Air Works – the nation’s largest independent MRO and aviation services and solutions major, announced that it has received the European Aviation Safety Agency’s [EASA] Part 145 Approval for its state-of-the-art twin-hangar MRO facility at the Cochin International Airport. With EASA approval, Air Works will be able to offer full MPD support for the Airbus 320 family (including A318/ A319/ A320/ A321) for Base maintenance [up to and including 120-month inspection for all 4 engine options viz. PW1100G, CFM 56, Leap-1A and IAE V2500], C-Checks, structural and corrosion inspections, as well as undertaking major repairs and modifications for the Airbus 320 aircraft family, in addition to end of lease transitions, bridging checks and engine changes. The location of the Kochi MRO facility [at the Cochin Int’l Airport] is strategic, given that Kochi has been a hub for leading carriers from the Middle East. The EASA 145 approval comes at a time when Air Works recently expanded its operations to Dubai in an endeavour to enhance access to its cost-effective and industry leading workmanship to both international and domestic carriers, reinforcing its position of being India’s most loved MRO. The Kochi facility – commissioned in March 2021 during the pandemic, is already certified by the DGCA. It is also a DGCA-certified facility for Air Works’ Business Aviation (General Aviation) customers for a variety for aircraft. The twin-hangar MRO facility at Kochi, spread over 50,000 sqm, has been thoughtfully designed and is a completely integrated, independent setup, housing key workshops equipped to undertake structures, interiors, and composites repairs to support timely aircraft maintenance & turnaround. Kochi complements Air Works’ primary facility at Hosur [Tamil Nadu], which incidentally, is India’s first EASA-certified Commercial MRO facility [2009]. In addition to the Airbus320 family, Hosur also offers full MPD support for ATR 42-400/500/72-212A and Boeing 737600/700/800 and 900. The consistent and successful renewal of Air Works’ EASA certification for over a decade demonstrates Air Works’ unwavering commitment to its customers towards upholding the highest standards of quality in aviation. The Group also undertakes MRO work for the Indian Defence forces. Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

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CIVIL AVIATION NEWS

Airbus and HeliDax Sign First HCare Classics Support Contract to Cover Fleet of 36 H120s Marignane. French helicopter operator HeliDax and Airbus Helicopters have signed the first-ever HCare Classics support contract to optimise the availability of HeliDax’s H120 fleet. HCare Classics is Airbus’ new support package entirely dedicated to meeting the support needs of the company’s outof-production legacy helicopters. An H120 operator since 2008, HeliDax relies on its fleet of 36 H120s to provide basic and advanced training to the French and Belgian armed forces and the French Gendarmerie. Since the beginning of this partnership with the French

government 14 years ago, HeliDax has maintained an availability level of 100% and has accumulated 246,000 hours of H120 flight time, training multiple generations of helicopter pilots. This translates to as many as 22,000 flight hours per year. HeliDax’s fleet is the largest in-service H120 fleet in the world today. With eight years remaining in the pilot training programme contract, HeliDax selected HCare Classics to benefit from the OEM’s guaranteed support performance. Today there are more than 2,000 legacy Airbus helicopters in service with

approximately 750 operators around the world. These out-of-production aircraft include the H120, Dauphin, Puma and Gazelle and account for 15% of the flight hours generated by the entire Airbus Helicopters fleet. HCare Classics is a multi-service offering created to meet the customer’s operational needs. Customers choose the services they need, ranging from obsolescence monitoring and management to spare parts support and maintenance planning. HeliDax is based within the French Army Aviation’s school in Dax, France and is a full subsidiary of DCI Group.

Emirates A350 fleet to fly with Thales’ AVANT Up

Paris. Emirates, one of the largest and most prestigious international airlines, has 50 Airbus A350-900 aircraft on order with deliveries scheduled to begin in 2024. This new fleet of A350’s will be equipped with Thales’ premier AVANT Up inflight entertainment solution to offer the finest cinematic and personalized customer experience. Thales’ IFE system will be integrated with Emirates’ preferred next generation connectivity solution. Emirates’ award-winning entertainment system, “ice”, features over 5,000 channels of entertainment. Content will be delivered on Optiq, Thales’ new 4k QLED HDR displays. These are the only aircraft displays using Samsung’s QLED, the best technology for optimal in-seat viewing. Optiq is the first smart display in the industry to offer two Bluetooth connections, built-in Wi-Fi for passengers to pair multiple devices including phones, tablets, headphones and even game controllers, while also supporting up to 70 watts of in-screen charging for passenger devices- 10 watts from the USB-A and 60 watts fast charging from the USB-C. Emirates is the first airline to select Thales’ award-inning Pulse. With Pulse’s patented power management technology charging performance will be unaffected no matter how many users are charging their devices at the same time. To enrich passenger engagement, Emirates has chosen several AVANT Up digital services. These services include highly integrated personalization features, expanded personal electronic device (PED) capabilities and user interface enhancements enabling visually impaired passengers to have an immersive experience.

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Raksha Anirveda

CIVIL AVIATION NEWS

BLADE and Eve Air Mobility Announce Strategic Partnership to Expand Urban Air Mobility Ecosystem in India

ew Delhi, India: FlyBlade India (“BLADE India”), a joint venture between Hunch Ventures and Blade Air Mobility, Inc., and Eve Air Mobility (“Eve”) announced today a strategic partnership which includes a non-binding order of up to 200 electric vertical take-off and landing (“eVTOL” or Electric Vertical Aircraft, “EVA”) vehicles, service and support, and Eve’s Urban Air Traffic Management (“UATM”) software solution. The companies also plan to collaborate on a three-month pilot project connecting passengers using helicopters. India is a unique market with its vast expanse, accessibility concerns, traffic congestion and regulations. As the pioneers of providing short-haul air mobility services in India, BLADE India will act as Eve’s on-ground knowledge partner to create

the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) ecosystem. The data collected through BLADE India’s customer experience and operations will be used to further develop Eve’s eVTOL, service and support solutions, and its UATM software. BLADE India will initially underwrite 50,000 hours of flight time per year using Eve’s eVTOL in the country. “India’s traffic congestion woes are only expected to get worse. This partnership allows us to leverage Eve’s deep expertise

in not just EVA design but also in the infrastructure required to support UAM,” said Amit Dutta, managing director, BLADE India. “We are thrilled about partnering with BLADE India and pioneering the urban air mobility market in the country, which has the potential to be one of the largest markets globally. This initial order will allow us to enter into service in India and further develop the ecosystem according to the community’s needs. We look forward to offering the people of India a zero-emission UAM solution in the future that will be quiet, efficient, and accessible,” said André Stein, co-CEO of Eve. The emergence of electric aviation with eVTOL vehicles is expected to significantly reduce the carbon footprint, noise and cost of flying, making it more accessible to the masses.

Airbus Extends Collaboration with Ecocopter for Urban Air Mobility Services in Chile, Ecuador and Peru

arignane. Airbus and Ecocopter have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to start collaborating on the launch of urban air mobility services across various countries in Latin America. This is a major step toward the co-creation of a functioning urban air mobility ecosystem in the region. With this agreement, the partners will explore and define launch SEATTLE. scenarios Boeing for air andmobility Ethiopian operations, Airlinesnotably announced in Ecuador, the signing Chile and of aPeru. Memorandum This includes of jointUnderstanding activities to develop with the UAM intent operations to purchase over the five continent, 777-8 Freighters, as well asthe ways industry’s to target newest, first use cases most and capable pilot cities andand most regions. fuel-efficient This partnership twin-engine is anfreighter. expansionThe of the MoU manufacturer’s to order thestrong 777-8 relationship Freighter with will enable Ecocopter, Ethiopian who operates Airlines toa meet fleet primarily expanding comprised global cargo of Airbus demand helicopters from its forhub aerial in Addis work missions Ababa and in aposition variety the of industrial carrier forsectors. long-term Established sustainable in 2003, growth. Ecocopter is a reference Boeing in highly launched complex theaerial new work 777-8missions Freighterinin South January America. and Its hasfleet already of Airbus booked helicopters, 34 firm consisting orders for of the 16 H125s, model,two which H135s, features and three the advanced H145s, is characterised technology from by the theirnew high777X versatility family and perform proven missions performance rangingoffrom the market-leading offshore transport, 777 Freighter. mining support, With payload medicalcapacity evacuation, nearly firefighting, identicaland to the almost 747-400 the Freighter entire range andofaaerial 30% improvement work missions. in fuel In September efficiency,2021, emissions Airbusand unveiled operating its eVTOL costs, prototype the 777-8CityAirbus FreighterNextGen, will enable to explore a more advanced sustainable airand mobility profitable technologies business andforbring operators. urban air Ethiopian mobility services Airlines to currently life. With operates an operational nine 777 range Freighters, of 80 kmconnecting and a cruiseAfrica speedwith of 120 more km/h, thanit40 has cargo beencentres developed throughout to be suited Asia,for Europe, a range theofMiddle deployments East and in urban Americas. areas and Thebeyond. carrier’s The fleet Company also includes just announced three 737-800 the construction Boeing Converted of a dedicated Freighters centre andtoatest combined the aircraft’s commercial systems fleet in the of more lead up than to its 80 maiden Boeing flight. jetsAirbus including is also 737s, working 767s, 787s closely andwith 777s. industrial and institutional partners to lead the development of urban air mobility ecosystems, as recently announced with ITA Airways in Italy, or through the launch of the Air Mobility Initiative in Germany.

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SPECIAL COVERAGE

PATH TO PRIDE

Raksha Anirveda

Defexpo Special

It’s about Being

‘Atmanirbhar’ After having held back for long, the Indian defence industry is at the cusp of an upheaval and is just raring to go. The 12th Defence Expo in Gujarat will showcase the homemade products, the work in progress, and the promises that can be made in its largest ever edition By Ajit kumar Thakur

low but steady. The Indian military industry, state-owned and private, may have been unhurried off the blocks but measured are its steps, and the juggernaut therefore moves on. And this time the biennial grand show—the biggest till now and Asia’s largest exhibition on land, naval, air and homeland security systems—is being set up at Gandhinagar, Gujarat, from October 18-22, 2022. Months earlier on March 3, 2022, the defence ministry issued a ‘in-principle’ okay offering four projects—from communication equipment with Indian security protocols to airborne stand-off jammers to light tanks for the army—to the Indian industry for design and development under Make-I category, which means the industry will be provided financial support for prototype development of these projects. This was preceded by the Prime Minister’s announcement on February 25, 2022, that a third ‘positive’ list was being readied so as to increase reservation of military items for production by the domestic industry.

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And on February 1, 2022, the Union Budget set aside 25 per cent of defence R&D budget for startups and private entities for 2022-23 besides making a landmark announcement that 68 per cent of the defence capital

procurement budget would be allocated towards procurement from domestic industry. The above three back-to-back developments this year largely encapsulate the direction and the general mood of the upbeat defence manufacturing in the country. Defence Expo or DefExpo 2022 is a wellplanned attempt to capture that spirit and showcase indigenous products to the world. Besides showcasing the indigenous capability and potential to manufacture, the focus will remain on India’s growing private industry and expanding the MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) base for components and sub-systems. As a result, the approach to the event will be a two-pronged one of ‘Make in India’ and ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’. A flagship show of the government’s Defence Exhibition Organisation (DEO), the main aim of DefExpo, started in 2000, is to showcase and promote the export potential of the Indian aerospace and defence industry. While the first eight editions were held in New Delhi, the ninth one was held in Goa in 2016, followed by the tenth one Chennai in 2018 and then the 11th one in Lucknow in 2020. DefExpo 2022 Gandhinagar will be spread in more than

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1,00,000 square metres of space across three venues—Helipad Exhibition Center (HEC), events and seminars at the Mahatma Mandir Convention and Exhibition Center (MMCEC) and live demonstration at Sabarmati Riverfront and ship visits by Indian Coast Guard at Porbandar for the public. The Expo will be held in a first ever four-venue format which promises to engage the public and inspire them to join the aerospace and defence manufacturing sector for ‘Atmanirbharta’ in defence. Set t o b e the first -ever edition exclusively for Indian companies, DefExpo 2022 will see 78 participating nations, 39 minister level delegations with other confirmations yet to be received in the days ahead and 1000-plus registered exhibitors. More than 3,000 delegates are expected to participate in the various seminars and discussions, with the exhibition expected to witness a footfall of a massive 12 lakh visitors. The DefExpo seminars will be held in a hybrid format, enabling the speakers as well as the audience to participate in various seminars virtually. The seminars, which will be streamed

worldwide, will be conducted by leading industry fora, international fora, think-tanks, media houses, Indian industry, DRDO, civil aviation ministry, state governments etc. The effort will also facilitate inclusiveness for young entrepreneurs and college/ school millennial of the host state. The exhibition will also host the second edition of the IndiaAfrica Defence Dialogue (IADD), with invites extended to 53 African countries. A separate Indian Ocean Region plus (IOR+) conclave with participation of approximately 40 countries is also on the anvil. DefExpo 2022 will also mark the celebration of one year of the formation of the seven new defence companies, carved out of the erstwhile Ordnance

More than 3,000 delegates are expected to participate in the various seminars and discussions, with the exhibition expected to witness a footfall of a massive 12 Factories. All these companies lakh visitors will be participating for the first time at DefExpo. The India Pavilion named ‘Path to Pride’ - a marque pavilion of Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence - will showcase the maturity of indigenous defence products, start-ups, latest technology, including artificial intelligence in defence, and will present India’s vision for 2047. The DefExpo 2022, earlier scheduled from March 10-14 was postponed “due to logistical challenges being faced by participants”. Bouncing back from the unwarranted setback, the event’s success will ensure in true spirit - the arrival of new, vibrant and resilient India on the world stage.

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Defexpo Special

DefExpo India: A Historical Perspective With its stature growing with each DefExpo and eight of the 12 editions having been held in New Delhi, it becomes imperative that it maintains its status as a major aerospace and defence exhibition of international repute

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major event in the global defence industry’s calendar, the Indian DefExpo is a flagship show of the Defence Exhibition Organisation, an autonomous body of the Indian Government established in 1981. The DEO has been organising the biennial DefExpo since 2000, with eight editions being held in New Delhi. Since 2016 the expo has travelled to Goa, Chennai, Lucknow, and this year’s show is finally being held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, from October 18-22, 2022. Originally scheduled to take place from March 10-14, DefExpo 2022 @ Gandhinagar was postponed due to logistical challenges being faced by participants. The DEO was set up to promote export potential of

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the Indian defence industry. The agency is responsible for organising international exhibitions such as the DefExpo and organising Indian participation in aerospace and defence exhibitions overseas. Like

Aero India, DefExpo India is held to promote export potential of the Indian aerospace and defence industry. The DefExpo whose first edition was held in 2000 showcases the nation’s military capabilities in Land, Naval, and Security Systems as well as its emergence as an attractive destination for investment in the aerospace and defence sectors. The first eight editions were held at Pragati Maidan in the heart of New Delhi. It is a 123acre complex with more than 61,290 square feet of covered area for exhibition. There are 16 display halls and 10,000 square meters of open ground for display, offering an excellent facility for international exhibitors. However, currently Pragati Maidan is being given a facelift and a massive Convention Centre is being constructed for future expositions. In 2016, DefExpo India was moved out to Goa by the then Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar, a Goan himself, as the infrastructure at Pragati Maidan was to undergo major renovations. This decision turned out to be somewhat controversial as the Indian Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO), the agency responsible for renovation of the facility, said that work on the facility could be postponed to a later date if the MoD reconsidered its plan to shift DefExpo out of New

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Delhi. ITPO could ill afford to lose DefExpo as it was a major source of income for the organisation. With eight editions of DefExpo India having been held successfully at Pragati Maidan, the event had acquired a high level of gravitas. Apart from the well developed infrastructure in New Delhi to support DefExpo India, New Delhi being the seat of the central government and home to the headquarters of the Army, Navy and Air Force, the city offers a far better professional and industrial environment for the global aerospace and defence majors participating in the exhibition. On the other hand, Goa is merely a tourist destination with little or nothing to do with the aerospace and defence industry. Compared to Pragati Maidan in the earlier editions, participation in the ninth edition of DefExpo India was low key and the participants were not quite enthused with the experience. In retrospect, the decision to hold the event in Goa in 2016 was clearly flawed. But what is surprising is that even after the discomforting experience of hosting the 2016 DefExpo in Goa, the government decided to hold the 10th edition of the event in 2018 in a remote location in Tamil Nadu. Once again, the reason put forward was the plan to set up a Defence

Industrial Corridor in the southern state. The venue selected was Thiruvidanthai, a suburban village 4 km from Covelong on the East Coast Road in Kancheepuram, far South of Chennai. The experience of those attending DefExpo India 2018 in a remote location in Tamil Nadu was no different from that in Goa. The Defence Minister at the time of the 10th DefExpo was Nirmala Sitharaman, who hails from Tamil Nadu and is currently the Union Finance Minister. The DefExpo is rated as a major exposition to boost India’s capabilities in the defence sector and has been providing a platform to Indian industry and foreign manufacturers to interact. With its stature growing with each DefExpo and eight of the twelve editions having been held in New Delhi, it becomes imperative that it maintains its status as a major aerospace and defence exhibition of international repute. Since 2016, the venue of DefExpo India has been moving from one place to another starting with Goa, onto Chennai in 2018, Lucknow in 2020, with Defence Minister Rajnath Singh representing Lucknow, capital of India’s largest state Uttar Pradesh. This year’s DefExpo is being held in Gandhinagar, which is the capital of Gujarat and home state of Prime Minister Narendra Modi who

would be inaugurating the show. Critics have described the current format of hosting the DefExpo as a “travelling circus,” and point out that it should be brought back to Delhi and be held at Pragati Maidan or at any other suitable venue in the national capital region befitting its global status. Defence observers and commentators feel that making it a “travelling circus” would progressively erode its international status and eventually sound its death knell. DefExpo India has become one of the biggest events of its kind in the world, attracting a large number of exhibitors from abroad and providing a platform for the indigenous defence industry to have interaction with foreign firms. The 10th edition of DefExpo 2018 sought for the first time to project India’s defence manufacturing capabilities to the world with

Apart from the well developed infrastructure in New Delhi to support Defexpo India, New Delhi being the seat of the central government and home to the headquarters of the Army, Navy and Air Force, the city offers a far better professional and industrial environment for the global aerospace and defence majors participating in the exhibition

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Defexpo Special

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the tagline “India: The Emerging Defence Manufacturing Hub”. It sought to brand India as an exporter of defence systems and components. While showcasing strengths of India’s substantial public sector, it also sought to put on show India’s growing private industry and expanding the

MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) base for components and sub-systems. The 11th edition of DefExpo 2020 was held in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, and it was for the first time that the defence exhibition was held in the northern state to explore the potential available

With the Defence Ministry having already announced setting up of a defence corridor in Uttar Pradesh to attract investments in defence manufacturing, the 11th edition was aimed at attracting investments here both from within and abroad

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for defence production. With the Defence Ministry having already announced setting up of a defence corridor in Uttar Pradesh to attract investments in defence manufacturing, the 11th edition was aimed at attracting investments here both from within and abroad. The 12th edition of DefExpo 2022, on Land, Naval & Homeland Security Systems Exhibition to be held from October 18 to 22 would be inaugurated by Prime Minister Modi at Helipad Exhibition Centre (HEC). The inaugural ceremony and seminars will be held at Mahatma Mandir Convention and Exhibition Centre (MMCEC), exhibition at Helipad Exhibition Centre (HEC), live demonstrations on all five days at Sabarmati River Front (SRF) and ship visits for public by Indian Coast Guard at Porbandar. In a first ever four-venue format which promises to engage the public and inspire them to join the aerospace and defence manufacturing sector for ‘Atmanirbharta’ in defence, the DefExpo will be the first-ever edition, exclusively for Indian companies. It is being planned in the largest ever total area of over a lakh sqm. The exhibition is expected to host 1000 plus exhibitors and over 3,000 delegates are expected to participate in the various seminars and discussions, and the exhibition itself is expected to witness a footfall of about 12 lakh visitors. The organisers are going all out to ensure that the show is a grand success as “the aim is to showcase the might of the domestic defence industry which is now powering ‘Make in India, Make for the World’ resolve of the government and the nation at large.” - The writer is a senior journalist and media consultant. The views expressed are of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Raksha Anirveda

business interview

Amit Banerjee, Chairman and Managing Director, BEML Limited

EML Limited since its establishment in 1964 has been playing a pivotal role and serving India’s core sectors like Defence, Rail, Power, Mining and Infrastructure. With its diverse business portfolio, the company has achieved a turnover of more than Rs. 4,000 Crore. Amit Banerjee, Chairman and Managing Director of BEML Limited and Ajit Kumar Srivastav, Director – Defence Business in an interview the Editor, Raksha Anirveda candidly spoke about the company’s business performance, its positioning amid intense competition, increasing export footprint, collaborations and cooperation with OEMs and academia, strides made in research and development, upcoming project and more. Edited excerpts:

BEML has shown good momentum in its growth trajectory and revenue earnings in FY 2021-22? Are you confident that the company will achieve its performance target? Please elaborate with your current and expected orders book (domestic and exports). It is true that BEML has shown good momentum in its growth trajectory and revenue earnings in the current financial year compared to previous years. We have set an aspirational target for the current year to achieve a minimum growth of 10% over previous year. We are marching with all confidence to achieve the year end targets. Current Order Book position of the company is over Rs. 9500 crores. 98

BEML’s Research & Development Focus to Drive its Future Growth

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What is your take on the prospects of BEML after the planned move to privatise it? There is a thinking that it may lead to compromising national security? Do you also see resistance from employees? BEML workforce is working round the clock to achieve the set targets. Whether the ownership is Government or Private our employees are devoted to give their best to achieve the goals and are ready to accept the change. I feel the question of compromising the national security does not arise in the event of privatisation of BEML because many leading private Indian industries are already supplying the defence equipment to Armed forces and are being accepted.

The domestic defence market is witnessing intense business competitiveness. What keeps BEML upbeat in the defence business? BEML is working in a very stiff competitive market and is competing with major private players to bag orders in Defence business. The BEML HMV vehicles are one of the best all-terrain vehicles with advanced design features and are preferred against other conventional design vehicles. The product quality and advance features of the vehicles have made the customers to prefer BEML HMVs for their various projects, resulting in sustenance in competitive market. Further, GoI impetus on exports and new positive list will provide poise added revenue to the Company. Ajit Kumar Srivastav, Director – Defence Business

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

BEML has partnered with both foreign OEMs and domestic key players. How have these partnerships evolved? Also provide insights into your in-house R&D efforts, collaboration with academia to enhance technological prowess, the defining steps taken to strengthen it and contribute in the ‘Make in India’ initiative. The company has a dedicated R&D team and infrastructure to meet the technological demands of the market through in-house R&D effort and through strategic technical tie-ups with global players. 69% of revenue has been from R&D developed products. R&D expenditure as a percentage of sales is 3.74%. Till date we have filed 252 IPRs. As a manufacturing Company and to sustain the market, we are continuously working on development and upgradation of new products. Under Mining & Construction, we have taken up the design & development of 21 cu.m. Rope Shovel and Walking Dragline required for mega Coal Projects. In Defence, Keeping in view of emerging trends in technology and also in line with the unfolding business scenario, R&D has put in place the plan of action to develop series of products / aggregates such as Self-propelled mine burrier 8x8, Bar mine layer 8x8, Guided Pinaka Variants for Launcher, Command post, Loader Cum Replenishment (LCR),

Heavy Duty High Mobility Vehicles

Replenishment vehicle (RV), Upgrading of Axles for higher load carrying capacity with ABS feature for use on chassis for special projects, Indigenous manufacture of cabins for HMV 8x8 and HMV 6x6 vehicles, Upgradation / Overhauling of ARV WZT-3 pilot project, Track Width Mine Plough for demining operation and Mounted Gun System 155mm/52 Cal gun howitzer installed on HMV 8x8 chassis. Under Rail & Metro Business, Rail Grinding Machine for maintenance of Rail Tracks is under production. BEML is dedicatedly working on Government Policy of Make in India and Atmanirbharta. BEML has taken-up many development projects along with Industry partners & collaboration with OEMs.

The partnerships are evolved through expression of interest or by nomination from Design Agencies like R&DE(Engg), CVRDE, DRDO etc. Following are the projects underway by partnering with Govt & Private partners. (i) U n m a n n e d A e r i a l V e h i c l e i n collaboration with IIT, Kanpur (ii) Development of 1500HP Engine for Armoured Fighting Vehicles with CVRDE, Avadi. (iii) Vehicles for Pinaka 5th to 10th Regt. (iv) Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System (ATAGS) with armoured cabin to customer VRDE. (v) Mechanical Minefield Marking Equipment Mark-II.

Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

Raksha Anirveda

business interview

Sarvatra

HMV 8x8 for 155mm Cal Gun

Upcoming Projects / Co-operation: a) BEML has entered into a License Agreement with R&DEE for Transfer of Technology to develop & supply Self Propelled Mine Burier (SPMB) b) Indigenous development of High Mobility Vehicle 12X12. c) BEML has entered into MoU for consultancy services from IIT, Kharagpur for development of projects Mine Protected Vehicle (MPV), Mounted Gun System (MGS) & Wheeled Infantry Combat Vehicle (WICV). d) Signing an MoU with Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited (AWEIL) for the development of Mounted Gun System (MGS) 155mm 52 Cal on modified 8x8 Chassis. e) BEML & AVNL have entered into an MoU to jointly work in the areas of armoured Tank and armour recovery vehicle. What are your thoughts about the future business prospects in defence, in particular on the exports front? How has the defence vertical performed in the last five years? Defence Business has shown good progress and the growth is in positive direction in last five years. BEML has received new orders from MoD which includes the supply of vehicles for Pinaka Programme, BrahMos project and Akash Project, apart of 50 Ton Trailer. We have an order book position of around Rs. 4,000 crores. for Defence Business. The major orders in pipeline are, Command Post Vehicles, Vehicles for 100

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Akash Prime project, HMV 12X12 & HMV 8X8 for Brahmos Project, Arjun Armoured Recovery & Repair Vehicle (ARRV).

Branch office in Kenya Kenya region has been allotted to BEML by DDP for carrying out all the export promotional activities for all DPSUs/OFB. n BEML branch office at Kenya has been registered on 28th Jan 2021 with the name as “BEML Limited”. n We have published expression of interest in BEML’s website and Indian High commission website for appointment of representative for Kenya. n

Scouting for opportunities in the immediate neighborhood and globally a. Globalization by being local: widening Overseas market network through Representatives b. Appointed Representatives in Tunisia, Cameroon and Bangladesh Conducted webinar with the assistance of Indian Embassy and local business bodies in Kenya, Senegal, Zambia, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi, and Oman. Dominant products planned for exports are High mobility trucks, Medium Bullet Proof, Vehicles, Armoured Recovery Vehicles, Plant Engineering equipment like Excavators, Dozers & Motor Graders. How has BEML’s experience been with digital transformation and its phased implementation of Industry 4.0? Kindly provide a detailed account.

At BEML, we are embarking on implementing digital transformative initiatives for the business processes covering all 3 business verticals. Our IT department has been renamed as DT department (Digital Transformation) in sync with emerging digital implementations across business vertical eco-system and external competitive world. Digital strategy envisaged for 3 years is in advanced progress. In BEML, various initiatives viz. Cyber Security, Digital Manufacturing Aut omation (Indust ry 4.0) and Infrastructure Setup are in progress and all these projects have positive impact on business top-line and bottom-line, improving manufacturing areas, logistics areas, sales, marketing, procurement processes, financial processes, MIS, and dashboard to top management. Please tell us about BEML’s participation at the Def Expo 2022 and the range of products it will be showcasing at the event. BEML is participating in Def Expo 2022 which will be held at Gujarat from October 18-22, 2022. BEML has booked Space at Indoor and outdoor for displaying various Products. The range of products being showcased are BEML Sarvatra, PMS, TWMP, BD-50 HST, BA-10 4x4 & other Defence & Aerospace related aggregates / parts acrylic models & cut sections. Apart from this, we will be signing MoUs with OEMs and Academia for joint cooperation & Technology transfer to manufacture various products.

Sovereignty, Innovation, Operational excellence: our common future will be made of challenges, passion & engagement. Naval Group India (100% subsidiary of Naval Group) shares a continued commitment towards Indian Navy, Indian Shipyards and Industry in providing modern technologies through the creation of sustainable indigenous ecosystem while fostering “Aatmanirbhar Bharat” spirit.

POWER AT SEA

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Naval Group - Crédit photo : ©Naval Group, ©Marine Nationale, © Ewan Lebourdais - Design : Seenk

NAVAL GROUP DESIGNS, BUILDS AND MAINTAINS SUBMARINES AND SURFACE SHIPS ALL AROUND THE WORLD.

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in audience

MDL’s Implementation of Integrated Construction Methodology is a First in the History of Warship Building in India

ice Admiral Narayan Prasad, CMD of Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd (MDL) is alumnus of Sainik School Tilaiya and National Defence Academy. He is an Indian Navy veteran and recipient of Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM) and NavSena Medal (NM) for his outstanding service to the Indian Navy. In an interview to Editor, Raksha Anirveda, Vice Admiral Narayan Prasad, MDL CMD delved into the details of various initiatives taken by the shipbuilding DPSU to emerge as a leading shipbuilder. Edited excerpts: Vice Admiral Narayan Prasad, CMD, Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd

Globally Ship building industry is becoming leaner and using modular technology. As one of the leading Defence PSU and “Ship builder to the nation,” are you using modular technology in ship building? What steps are being taken to emerge as a leaner and competitive organisation with commercial ship building footprint in near future? The Project 17A Stealth Frigates being built at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd. are being built with the Integrated Construction(IC) methodology wherein the hull construction and outfitting progresses concurrently with attendant savings in the build timelines along with enhanced quality. This method is being implemented for the first time in the history of warship building in India wherein the conventional shipbuilding process is re-engineered with a different Build Strategy, Detailed Design, procurement process 102

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and inspection sequencing. While adopting this construction approach, MDL is also fully leveraging the modernized infrastructure that has been exclusively created for the purpose. The latest state-of-the-art technologies such as Virtual Reality Centre (VRC), Shore Integration Facility (SIF), Product Data Management/Product Lifecycle Management (PDM/PLM) have also been implemented at MDL.

How do you view the government focus on Atmanirbhar Bharat? In what ways MDL has been contributing towards this initiative to make it a success? Kindly provide a detailed account of MDL’s role play. MDL has been in the forefront of GoI’s flagship programme Atmanirbhar Bharat since our inception. MDL has indigenously built

some of the frontline Warships and Submarines for Indian Navy which includes Destroyers, Frigates, Conventional Submarines, Corvettes, Missile boats, Offshore Patrol Vessels, Floating Border Outposts etc. From the time MDL was taken over by Government of India in 1960, we have built 799 vessels including 26 capital warships and 6 Conventional Submarines for the Indian Navy. MDL has been able to significantly enhance the indigenous content in the warships/project it has delivered to the Indian Navy. While the warships under project 15 delivered way back in 90s had an indigenous content of approx. 42%, under-construction warships under project 15B and 17A will possibly have an indigenous content between 70 to 75%. Further, MDL has been able to successfully indigenize/develop

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in collaboration with German Collaborator M/s tkMS, Germany is also in progress. MDL has submitted proposals for Exports to various countries viz. Brazil, Peru, Argentina, Philippines, Hungary, Sierra Leone, Chile, Cameroon, etc. for construction & delivery of OPVs, FPVs, FICs, Floating Docks, Flat Bottom Shallow Boats, FAC and Corvettes. MDL has been selected as the preferred production partner to undertake major ship construction activities for M/s SSK Zvezda Shipbuilding Complex, Russia. Zvezda Shipbuilding complex (SBC) is ambitious on development of a shipbuilding cluster in the Far East Russia and the project will open up a large scale export business opportunity for India and specifically to MDL in future as the envisaged quantum of work is really huge spanning for years. MDL intends to take this business opportunity forward.

some of the critical items/assemblies to be integrated on the Warships and Submarines to promote Atmanirbhar Bharat in Defence sector.

What is your order book position and how much you have been able to fulfil? With government also focusing on defence exports, how has your shipyard been performing? Also provide an account of your current export portfolio and order status, excluding government to

government export orders and your future projection for next 2-5 years. For the next 5-6 years, we have the order book of Rs 42900 Cr Approx. The order broadly comprises of the construction of four in Nos Visakhapatnam Class Project 15B Missile Guided Destroyers (one out of four already delivered), four in Nos Nilgiri Class Project 17A Stealth Frigates and six in Nos Project 75 Scorpene Submarine (four out of six already delivered). Medium Refit & Life Certification (MRLC) of one Submarine

Keeping abreast of technology is key to organisation’s success. How well MDL is prepared to position itself as a leader and execute its challenging role play towards enhancing India’s maritime capabilities and being at the fulcrum for building niche naval platforms? MDL has established itself as Submarine Construction Hub in the country with two dedicated independent parallel Submarine assembly lines fully ready for operations. MDL is the only shipyard in India which has successfully constructed Destroyers and conventional Submarines with two different technologies. MDL has completed modernization and up gradation of its facility that matches global standards with modular shop for integrated construction, wet basin, Submarine Section Assembly Shop, Virtual Reality Lab, Product Data Management, Product Life Cycle Management which enables MDL the capability and capacity to construct at

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in audience of the Indian Navy in future would continue to extend across the entire spectrum of security of the nation; from peacekeeping, through the low intensity segment to high-intensity conventional hostilities. In the last two decades, the capabilities available with our potential adversaries have grown considerably and are forecasted to only improve with time. The Indian Navy would therefore acquire adequate deterrent war fighting capabilities. The Indian Navy is poised to grow significantly in the upcoming few years with the induction of a large number of ships, submarines and aircrafts. any point of time 10 warships and 11 conventional submarines simultaneously. Submarine Launch Facility is also being created to especially facilitate launching of Submarines directly, independent of availability of deep dry dock to upgrade MDL infrastructure for future projects such as Project P75(I). MDL being a premier Shipbuilding organization has continuously thrived to keep abreast with the latest technologies and has already implemented Virtual Reality Centre (VRC), Shore Integration Facility (SIF) and Product Data Management/Product Lifecycle Management (PDM/PLM). MDL is actively involved in developing innovative technologies through R&D using in-house resources and collaboration with academic institutions. MDL is having an in-house R&D team of dedicated personnel with specific targets in pursuit of quality R & D work with a view bridge gaps in engineering and the technology.

Do you think India needs to formulate a “National Strategy for Maritime Security” to ensure adequate naval capability to safeguard its vital interests, enhance naval forces capabilities to exercise control of the seas, be a net security provider along with upgradation of the maritime capabilities including 104

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shipbuilding, merchant shipping, ports, etc.? Your insights. Indian Ocean Region (IOR) is of strategic interest to India being the confluence of regional and international powers. Further, the IOR is a melting pot of key engines that drive international economy. The area constitutes 95% of India’s trade by volume and 68% of trade by value. Approximately 80% of the country’s crude oil is imported by sea via the IOR also has been an arena of international geopolitics and also a theatre of maritime conflicts. I firmly opine that we need to ensure adequate Naval capability to safeguard our vital interest. The specific roles

With MDL handing over the sixth submarine in 2023, Project 75 will be completed. What’s the current status of Project 75-I under the Strategic Partnership model? Are you optimistic that it will finally take-off by the end of 2022 and have the unique scope for both Strategic Partners to collaborate and work together, irrespective of whoever is the winner? MDL is actively preparing to bag the order for Construction of six submarines under P75 (I) program for which RFP has been issued to shortlisted strategic partners. Discussions with OEM for Bid preparation is in process.

Business Profile

AEPL: One–Stop Solution Provider to Global Aviation, Aerospace, Defence Industry AEPL, a strong believer in indigenisation has emerged as technology driven company involved in designing, developing and manufacturing components and sub-systems for the aviation, aerospace, defence, and healthcare industry over the last three decades

erospace Engineers Pvt Ltd (AEPL) is a technology driven company involved in designing, developing and manufacturing components and sub-systems for the aviation, aerospace, defence, and healthcare industry. Established in 2000, it has emerged at the forefront as a quality supplier of high-precision detail parts (rubber, metallic, non-metallic, and composite), electro-mechanical LRU’s, and missile sub-assemblies.

AEPL is an eminent aerospace parts, sub assembly manufacturing industry certiﬁed with the prestigious AS9100D. Our accurate technical testing has earned us numerous certifications from reputed organizations such as NADCAP, CEMILAC, NABL, etc. and helped us ensure product integrity in everything we do. Our commitment to quality, unparalleled customer service, and on-time delivery make us the supplier of choice for some highly-sought after clients in the market. AEPL is a one – stop solution provider with various enhanced capabilities to support the growing needs of the Global market. Our broad range of capabilities include a world – class NABL certified in – house facility, NADCAP approved chemical processing facility, FOD free area and our highly experienced design and production team. AEPL strongly believes in indigenisation and over the last three decades, we have developed more than 15000 parts through indigenisation out of which 12000 are non-metallic. We have developed mission critical products like Canopy Seals, Rotary Mast Seals, Actuators, Fuel / Oil handling Valves, Pumps & High-Pressure Hoses, Mask Hose Assembly, Rubber Fuel Tanks etc. for several fighter aircraft and rotary winged aircraft. AEPL is a DRDO Qualified Manufacturing Partner for several critical Missile sub-systems like AKASH (Variants), BRAHMOS, LRSAM and some classified

R. Sundaram, CEO, Aerospace Engineers

weapon systems including those deployed Under Water. As a recent development to fight against COVID 19, we have developed about 75 parts and supplied about 30,000 sets for Ventilators and compressors within a span of 45 days. AEPL is a ZED gold rated Company and has developed more than 122 types of Rubber Compound which are duly approved by CEMILAC meeting Airworthiness and International Specification. DGCA has certified us for Aerospace Hose Assemblies and Aircraft Seals for use in Civil Aircraft / Helicopters. Recently, NADCAP accreditation entitled us to appear on the Qualified Manufacturers List (QML) for Fluid Distribution System. AEPL trusts in building value through continual and long term partnerships which led us to sign a long-term contract with ‘Egyptian Armament Authority’ for supply of aerospace components. In continuance to it, AEPL has won a longterm contract from Boeing & Honeywell to manufacture and supply critical aviation components and parts for the global aerospace company’s products. We strive to work towards improvement and organic expansion which made us take the existing manufacturing facility of Taneja

Aerospace & Aviation Limited (TAAL) at Hosur as our Unit - III, which includes machine shop, sheet metal processing, composite shop, heat treatment, special process & painting process with NADCAP certification and CMM for inspection. This unit majorly focuses on the structural assemblies for aviation and space applications. We also have our separate unit in Hosur (Unit II) which is created to take up Integration of assemblies, subassemblies related to aviation. We plan to have an exclusive refined Research and Development Centre with International standard testing facilities. Innovation and diversification is the key to making India self-reliant. As a significant step towards Atmanirbhar Bharat, we have started a separate division called the ‘Advanced Technology Division’ to fulfill the rising needs of the subsea naval warfare. AEPL is grateful to have a global customer base like HAL, BDL, BrahMos, ISROs, DRDOs, BEL, Boeing & Airbus, Honeywell, Eaton, Apollo Aerospace, Pratt & Whitney, Collins Aerospace, Continental Aerospace Technologies US, etc., and will always strive towards catering the ever evolving Global Market by Making in India.

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Raksha Anirveda

defexpo special

Navantia, Reference Company For Naval Integral Solutions Navantia has demonstrated that it is fully committed to India and the “Make in India” philosophy, having gone itself through a similar experience over the last decades. Evolving from a ship builder using foreign designs, to a turn key supplier able to go through all design, build, commission and life cycle support phases, Navantia has positioned itself to assist Indian Navy, other navies and international shipbuilders with a wide range of Transfer of Technology solutions

he history of Navantia, the Spanish state-owned company, reference in the design, construction and integration of state-ofthe-art warships, goes back to the 18th century. And this wide experience starts from the naval field of defence and extends also to the land forces, air defence projects (such as FCAS), civilian ships and more recently to the offshore wind market.

The company presents a wide range of services, including the design and construction of warships, the integration of complex systems such as Combat Systems, Command and Control Systems, Communication Systems and Integrated Platform Management Systems, for the naval units that it builds or for units built by other ship constructors. As well, it works with new models of support to the life cycle and also has divisions for ship repairs and modernizations, and development, fabrication and maintenance of engines, generator groups, main reduction gears and turbines. Currently, Navantia has contracts with Australia, Norway, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, where it has excellent track record on the industry collaboration domain and has undertaken important transfer of technology programs with a very good feedback from them. Besides, it is actively working on two key programs for the Spanish Navy, the S-80 class submarines and the F-110 class frigates. Both represent a huge technological step forward in many domains, incorporating best-in-class equipment and concept philosophy. Navantia is present in India for 106

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more than 15 years now, when first participated in designing and transfer of technology of six Kalvari class submarines being built in MDL (Mumbai), and deployed a resident team in India between 2006 and 2013. The presence in India continued as it teamed with Larsen & Toubro Defence, for the LPDs tender that Navantia participated in, as a result of which the Spanish Navy LHD Juan Carlos I visited Mumbai in 2017. This ship was the reference design for the tender and the Indian Navy had the opportunity to know the ship. It is a well proven design and a low-risk solution, as this ship is in service for the Spanish Navy since 2010. As a result of the excellent performance of the ship, the Australian

government ordered two units to Navantia in 2007, the ALHD Canberra and ALHD Adelaide, which construction started in Ferrol shipyard (northern Spain) in 2008 and 2010. Currently Navantia is participating in the P75(I) project, and proposes to provide the required “Know How” and “Know Why” through a Technology Transfer program to achieve permanent design, construction and

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maintenance capabilities in India. The S-80 submarine for the Spanish Navy is the reference design and it is now considered the most modern conventional submarine in the world. The first Spanish Navy S80 submarine was floated in 2021 and it is currently undergoing the sea trials for commissioning in 2023. The remaining three submarines are in an advance stage. The AIP System tests that are being running in the Navantia hydrogen facility are to be completed at the end of the year. This results in a substantial extension of its submerged range and thus in increased stealth. In addition, the submarine can be operated with a reduced crew without reducing its capabilities. It is capable of a submerged speed of more than 19 knots and a maximum diving depth of more than 300m. The S80 submarines, are proposed as the baseline for the P75(I) project, the most important and strategically

The S80 submarines, are proposed as the baseline for the P75(I) project, the most important and strategically significant naval program being undertaken by the Indian Ministry of Defence. The Indian Navy requirements are very similar to the S80 making Navantia’s offer a smart and lower risk solution significant naval program being undertaken by the Indian Ministry of Defence. The Indian Navy requirements are very similar to the S80 making Navantia’s offer a smart and lower risk solution. Navantia has demonstrated that it is fully committed to India and the “Make in India” philosophy, having gone itself through a similar experience over the last decades. Evolving from a ship builder using foreign designs, to a turn key supplier able to go through all design, build, commission and life cycle support phases, Navantia has positioned itself to assist Indian Navy, other navies and international shipbuilders

with a wide range of Transfer of Technology solutions. Navantia has a permanent establishment in New Delhi, with commercial and institutional activity. It has also undertaken calls to the Indian industry in order to participate in the programs. In April 2020, Navantia organized an Industry Day and since then it has worked very closely with the industry, and the industry has shown a serious interest in this collaboration and has responded very positively. Moreover, the presence of the company, Navantia in DefExpo 2022 shows its commitment to collaborate with the Indian Navy and the local industry.

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defexpo: SHOW STOPPER

Paras Aerospace: Leading Innovations in Attack Drone Platforms

aras Aerospace Pvt Ltd, a subsidiary company of Paras Defence and Space Technologies aims to become the leading Indigenous Technology Development Company that provides solutions for various military hardware and software systems of UAV including optics. It is involved in research, development, and manufacturing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Paras offers wide range of UAV solution from Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle, Payload lifting aerial platform, Ground UTM to Surveillance and Monitoring platforms.

Archer B8 PAS Falcon

Angular Rotor UAV

PAS Griffon (MALE)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have numerous applications in defence ranging from surveillance, reconnaissance, targeted identification & destruction, killings, and swarm attack. Attack UAV developed by Paras Aerospace for defence operations are Angular Rotor (AR) UAV, Archer-B8, PASGriffon and PAS-Falcon. Angular Rotor is designed for high altitude military operation with 40X zoom and anti-Jam capability. It has performed and cleared 3 stage trial successfully at 6000m MSL. It is world’s only angular rotor drone with long endurance, high manoeuvrability, and robust against severe weather condition. Archer-B8 has a capability of carrying 8 mortar bomb ammunition and able to drop in single sortie at identified marked location. Dropping of payload ammunition can be done by manual control or by autonomously predefined marked positions. It is ideal for special operation due to its heavy payload ability and is fully customizable to fulfil different 108

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Paras Aerospace’s Angular Rotor UAV is world’s only angular rotor drone with long endurance, high manoeuvrability, and robust against severe weather condition kinds of combat requirements. PAS-Griffon, a hybrid combat UAV under development is another feather in Paras Aerospace cap and falls in Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) category drones, powered by turboprop with heavy payload capability of approximately 1200kg and endurance up to 25 hr. PAS-Falcon from Paras Aerospace is small category quadcopter with object tracking and detection capability paired with UTM (Unmanned Traffic Management) software. Falcon is useful for various covert operations and border surveillance. It is a drone with endurance of more than one hour and suitable for long duration drone flights. Paras’s UAVs are equipped with

advance AI machinery and algorithms which will solves tasks requiring humanlike perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action. It performs tasks under varying and unpredictable circumstances without significant human oversight as it can learn from experience and improve performance when exposed to data sets. Paras Aerospace is also involved in research and development of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) which are a special class of weapon systems that use sensor suites and computer algorithms to independently identify a target and employ an onboard weapon system to engage and destroy the target without manual human control of the system. The technology could enable military operations in communications-degraded or denied environments in which traditional systems may not be able to operate. Paras Aerospace has indigenously developed multiple payloads for various missions. It can be used in security, surveillance, mapping, surveying, and other tactical purposes.

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BRAHMOS: Frontline Weapon System of Armed Forces At the 12th edition of the DefExpo 2022 - Gandhinagar, BrahMos Aerospace will be the major attraction. It will showcase the versatile and potent BRAHMOS missile in various configurations that has wowed the world with its strike capability

RAHMOS has carved a distinct niche for itself as a highly sought-after asset for a nation aspiring to build up a powerful and formidable military force. The missile has proved its mettle in land, sea and air, and has significantly strengthened the prowess of the Indian Armed Forces.

The advanced weapon system, with its versatility, potentiality and striking capability, has maintained a leading edge over world’s other missiles/weapons. The weapon system based on a mobile autonomous launcher, ship, submarine and an aircraft can be launched instantaneously without additional preparations. The Indian Navy was the first to place order for BRAHMOS. The missile system is inducted in a majority of existing naval platforms and will be deployed in other future surface ships. They are capable of both maritime strike and land attack. The missile is capable of hitting sea based targets beyond radar horizons. It can be launched in either inclined or vertical configuration based on the type of the ship. Recently, India’s Ministry of Defence has signed a contract in September 2022 with BrahMos Aerospace for the acquisition of additional dual-role capable Surface-to-Surface BRAHMOS missiles. Induction of these dual-role capable Missiles is going to significantly enhance the operational capability of Indian Navy fleet assets. In its sub-sea launch configuration, the supersonic cruise missile is set to increase the Navy’s underwater weapons delivery capability manifold by possibly arming future submarines. BRAHMOS is already inducted into the Indian Army and is the mainstay of the artillery. The Indian Army is the only armed force in the world to have land-attack supersonic cruise missile capability. The Indian Army has raised several regiments of mobile land-based configuration of BRAHMOS in its arsenal. The air-launched BRAHMOS-A is a modified variant of its basic configuration. It features several design refinements, which

include a lighter propulsion system as well as redesigned fins and nose cap. With the recent historical launch, the Indian Air Force is elated at the enhanced firepower and range this deadly combination of Su30 with BRAHMOS will provide to them. The Su-30-BRAHMOS combination will strengthen the IAF with additional lethality for attacking targets protected by powerful air defence assets. The successful induction of BRAHMOS in all the three services has made India the first and only country in the world to complete the “supersonic cruise missile triad”. BrahMos Aerospace, with active participation of a consortium of Indian and Russian industries, has become a role model by integrating public-private industries from India and Russia as a consortium of ‘Missile Industry Complex’. BrahMos Aerospace possesses a full-fledged design centre, and Missile Industrial Consortium for producing different sub-systems, a world-class integration, and check-out facilities with stringent quality control, which involves over 200 small and medium Indian public and private defence sector enterprises and institutions. BRAHMOS has also achieved historic milestones in the flagship “Make in India”

programme by successfully indigenising major sub-systems taking the Indian contribution to seventy percent. All launcher systems for the weapon are being manufactured domestically. 100% of

ground support equipment for the weapon complex are also being made in India. Regarding export of missiles to foreign countries, BrahMos Aerospace in January 2022 signed a landmark export contract with the Philippines for the delivery of BRAHMOS Shore-Based Anti-Ship Missile system to the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The missile has the potential of becoming India’s major weapon export in the coming decades. BrahMos Aerospace will be the major attraction at the 12th edition of the DefExpo 2022 - biennial International Land, Naval & Homeland Security Systems Exhibition to be held from 18th to 22nd October 2022 at Gandhinagar, Gujarat. BrahMos Aerospace will be showcasing the BRAHMOS missile in various configurations at the exhibition. Today, the potential of BRAHMOS, developed as a fusion of great scientific minds from India and Russia, has grown from strength to strength over the years and added new capabilities to meet divergent war scenarios. The successful Joint Venture between DRDO of India and NPOM of Russia has made impressive advancements in joint design, development and production of the high-technology BRAHMOS.

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defexpo special

Lockheed Martin Showcases Commitment to a Self-Reliant India at DEFEXPO 2022 The company will showcase an expansive portfolio from its Aeronautics, Rotary and Mission Systems, and Missiles and Fire Control business areas

ew Delhi. Lockheed Martin will showcase its diverse portfolio of defence capabilities and solutions at the 12th biennial edition of DEFEXPO India 2022, taking place in Gandhinagar, Gujarat from October 18-22, 2022. The company’s exhibit this year includes a broad span of advanced technologies from the Aeronautics, Rotary and Mission Systems, and Missiles and Fire Control business areas. chief executive, Lockheed Martin India Pvt. Ltd. “Participating at DEFEXPO 2022 gives us the opportunity to showcase our advanced technologies and innovative capabilities directly to the largest gathering of defence and aerospace partners and our customers in India,” Blair said. “We look forward to engaging with our customers and industry partners to discuss their key priorities for advancement of India’s national security, indigenous production and human capital development agendas.” The prime attraction at Lockheed Martin’s booth this year will be one

“Lockheed Martin is committed to assisting in the growth of India’s strategic security capabilities and the advancement of its defence manufacturing ecosystem. Our joint ventures with Tata and industrial relationships with many Indian companies such as Ashok Leyland, Lakshmi Machine Works, Midhani, Rossell Techsys, and SASMOS among others are a testament to the success of the government of India’s mission to create ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ in the defence sector,” said William L. Blair, 110

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of the most technologically advanced complex aerostructures — a “Made in India”, fuel-carrying, 9G, 12,000 hour, interchangeable/replaceable fighter wing. This wing was manufactured at the Tata Lockheed Martin Aerostructures Limited (TLMAL) facility in Hyderabad. The TLMAL joint venture exemplifies the government of India’s “Make in India” goals and also serves as the single global source of C-130J empennage assemblies installed on all new Super Hercules aircraft. To date, TLMAL has manufactured and exported more than 180 C-130J empennages. The F-21 fighter aircraft, which is on offer to the Indian Air Force (IAF) will also occupy a prominent place at Lockheed Martin’s booth. The company is leveraging both 4th and 5th generation technologies to offer the best solution to meet or exceed the IAF’s capability needs, provide Make in India industrial opportunities, and accelerate India-

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United States cooperation on advanced technologies, including but not limited to fighter aircraft. The F-21 demonstrates Lockheed Martin’s commitment to delivering a technologically advanced, single-engine fighter to the IAF — For India, From India. The Indian Navy’s acquisition of MH60R “Romeo” multi-mission helicopter is another highlight for Lockheed Martin at the show. The MH-60R is the world’s most advanced maritime helicopter and brings vital anti-submarine and antisurface warfare capabilities to the IndoPacific region. The U.S. Navy has already delivered the first three aircraft to the Indian Navy in 2021 and these aircraft are being utilized to train Indian pilots and crew members in California. In JulyAugust 2022, the US Navy transported to India another three helicopters, which will be initially based at Naval Air Station INS Garuda in Kochi. A total of 24 MH60Rs will be delivered in country over the next few years. India’s workhorse, C-130J Super Hercules airlifter, which represents a strong legacy of partnership between India and the US, also will be on display at the Lockheed Martin booth. The IAF uses its fleet to support a variety of missions, from cargo delivery to providing vital

This versatile and effective one-manportable and platform-employed multi-target precision weapon system provides capability to defeat a broad spectrum of close combat threats on the modern battlefield. Using fire-andforget technology, the weapon guides itself to the target without external commands, allowing soldiers to take cover or reposition. With a range of 65 meters to 4 kilometres in most operational conditions, as well as the ability to operate through adverse weather and battlefield obscurants, Javelin can be deployed in a variety of environments and conditions. Lockheed Martin continues to build upon more than seven decades of association and three decades of partnerships with India by nurturing and expanding collaborations with

humanitarian aid including in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as for transportation of relief materials, equipment and personnel in the areas affected by cyclones Yaas and Tauktae. The S-92 helicopter, best in class for safety and reliability, will also boost Lockheed Martin’s presence at the show. The S-92 helicopter recently surpassed 2 million fleet flight hours which is a testament to the reliability of the multimission aircraft. As part of the Javelin Joint Venture, Lockheed Martin also produces the Javelin anti-tank guided missile system.

local industry to support the foundation of indigenous defence manufacturing ecosystem. The company’s present and future programs in India range from transport, maritime and fighter aircraft, to sea and land-based air and missile defence projects, as well as capabilities in civil sectors including new and renewable energy. Lockheed Martin’s presence at the show will be in strict accordance with COVID-19 protocols laid down by the Ministry of Defence and state government to ensure the safety of employees and visitors.

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IN CONVERSATION

‘We Aspire to Become India’s Largest Manufacturer and Exporter of Brass products for Small Arm Ammunition’

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stablished in 1907, Mittal Group is the preferred supplier to the global small arm ammunition industry making 9, 5.56, 7.62 & 12.7 mm Calibers and a leading manufacturer of Cartridge cases, Brass cups, Tubes, Strips and Coin-blanks.

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Anshul Mittal, Executive Director of Mittal Group

Anshul Mittal, Executive Director of Mittal Group, an Industrial Engineer from Purdue University, USA and having in-depth technical knowledge in high-quality manufacturing has been actively steering the group on an upward growth trajectory since 1999. In an interview with Editor, Raksha Anirveda, Anshul Mittal with his poised narration, shared his thoughts on government initiatives, Group’s contribution towards Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative with insights into the future expansion plan to tap domestic and global market. Excerpts: Mittal Group is 114 years old company. Tell us about your journey with insights into your future plans. Mittal Group has been in the Non-ferrous metal industry since 1907 and has established Central India’s first Brass rolling mill. In 1985, we established Copper alloy rolling mill in the name of Mittal Appliances Ltd., and in 2000, India’s first coin blanks manufacturing plant. We aspire to become India’s largest manufacturer and exporter of brass products for small arm ammunition. We are supplying Brass strips to the Indian Ordnance Factory since 2005. We have recently set up state-of-the-art facility for manufacturing

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Cartridge Cases & Brass cups and in this very brief period we have started supplies for a large no. of leading small-arm ammunition manufacturers. We look forward to become India’s largest manufacturer and exporter of Brass products for small arm ammunition.

Have your witnessed growth in your business as a result of government’s thrust on Make in India / Atmanirbharta in Defence and how has been your experience? The government has right intention and has liberalized the policies to encourage exports to make India a global manufacturing hub of defence products. Recently, Munitions India Limited has won a large export order for supply of ammunition and we are sure that more such orders will follow in future. Few companies in the private sector have also started manufacturing ammunition. We are confident that we can help these companies and India become a global hub of small arm ammunition manufacturing with our high quality and competitive products; Cartridge Cases, Brass Cups & Brass strips.

What are the differentiators that makes Mittal Group’s products standout from others? Kindly provide the detailed account of your product range

that’s on offer in Indian and overseas market. We have fully integrated facility for manufacturing of Cartridge Cases, Brass Cups & Brass strips and have sufficient installed capacity to serve domestic and global clients with high quality and competitive products. Our plant is designed in a way that we can accommodate different variants in a very low turnaround time & supply large volumes.

Do you think ease of doing business in India needs to be more business friendly and simple? What are your expectations from the government on the policy front in order to realise your plans for export expansion? Do you find the current policies restrictive towards export?

Government’s policy is now more far liberal than in yester years and there is great emphasis in Procuring defence items from the domestic industry. One area for improvement we would like to suggest is to reduce the number of items for which permission is required for export and reduce the time for granting license for the items which require license.

What products you’ll showcase at DefExpo 2022? Any new product launch at the event? We will be showcasing our following products in DefExpo 2022 (i) Brass Cartridge cases (ii) Brass Cartridge tubes (iii) Brass Cartridge case cups and Brass cups (iv) Brass strips/coils.

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defexpo special: Interview

‘As Part of Our Innovation Challenge, We are Exploring Creating Next-Gen Aero Engine Solutions with Indian and Global Start-Ups’

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ndia is a key strategic market for Pratt & Whitney. Over the past seven decades, Pratt & Whitney has actively powered aerospace growth in India and strengthened its overall aerospace ecosystem. Aligned to the government’s vision with its customer centric approach, Pratt & Whitney’s engagement with India is extensive with expanding footprint across R&D, sourcing, MRO and more. Ashmita Sethi, President and Country Head, Pratt & Whitney in conversation with Ajit K Thakur, Editor, Raksha Anirveda, talks about the company’s support to the mission readiness of Indian Air Force, providing its expertise to augment IAF’s future transport fleet and the role it has been playing as a partner to power Indian aviation. Edited excerpts:

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How is Pratt & Whitney contributing to the mission readiness of the Indian Air Force? Pratt & Whitney’s large fleet and expanding array of engine sustainment solutions assist the Indian Air Force (IAF) in maintaining mission readiness. Pratt & Whitney’s proven F117 engines power the IAF’s 11 Boeing C-17 Globemaster IIIs as they carry out military, humanitarian, and peacekeeping missions. The Globemasters have been active on the frontlines, including during the 2020 Ladakh operations, Covid-19 repatriation flights, transporting oxygen and supplies during India’s Covid-19 Second Wave, and even in Afghanistan. Pratt & Whitney has been a key propulsion partner for the NAL-SARAS MKI with our PT6A turboprop engine. Pratt & Whitney Canada and the National Aeronautical Laboratory (NAL) have been working together for over a decade on the development of NAL’s multirole light transport aircraft, SARAS. The PT6A also powers 75 Pilatus PC-7 trainers, which are an essential platform for training the Indian Air Force’s next generation of pilots. Our auxiliary power units (APUs) also power India’s Netra Airborne Early Warning and Control System (AEW&CS), that has been indigenously modified from the Embraer E145J. Pratt & Whitney’s seven-decade long association with Indian aviation has uniquely positioned us to understand and cater to the needs of both commercial & military aviation in India. We look forward to leveraging our expertise and experience to continue to help power any future platforms that the Indian armed forces add.

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How will Pratt & Whitney’s engine expertise help augment Indian Air Force’s future transport fleet? Of course, as I mentioned earlier, our F117 engines power the backbone of IAF’s modern transport fleet – the C-17 Globemasters. We are also proud to be the engine on IAF’s latest game changing acquisition – the C295 transport aircraft. Our PW127G engines power the C295, which is globally recognized as the next generation of Fixed-Wing Search and Rescue (FWSAR) and light and medium transport aircraft. The C295’s twin PW127G engines feature low-fuel burn during cruise and enable exceptional range and endurance for time-critical missions. As it does in many jurisdictions around the world, the 56 C295, when in service for Indian Air Force, will fly vital missions for the IAF. Another military transport aircraft powered by Pratt & Whitney globally is the Embraer C-390. The Embraer C-390 Millennium is a military transport aircraft powered by the robust and reliable V2500 series engines. The V2500 is an incredibly versatile engine, and it continues to power major commercial, cargo, and military platforms. The dependable and efficient V2500s will help advance the platform’s capabilities,

if selected to operate in diverse terrains and altitudes, like in India.

What does the future look like for Pratt & Whitney’s partnership with Indian aviation? We have been the engine power of India for over seven decades – starting all the way back with the Wasp powered DC-3 for the IAF. We have been committed to advancing India’s aerospace ecosystem – and we’ve made significant investments in country. Our key investments incountry include a state-of-theart India Customer Training Center (CTC) in Hyderabad, that provides specialized trainings on our engines to customers from over 20 nationalities; a

Pratt & Whitney’s sevendecade long association with Indian aviation has uniquely positioned us to understand and cater to the needs of both commercial & military Research & Development Center aviation in at the Indian Institute of Science India (IISc), Bengaluru that engages in

advanced research in the areas of materials, combustion, and mechanical design; and a worldclass India Capabilities Center (ICC) focused on our global supply chain operations. We recently announced our India Engineering Center (IEC) in Bengaluru, which will commence operations in January 2023. We continue to build our India presence through partnered investments in innovation, research, supply chain and sustainment – working with leading Indian aerospace suppliers. We are also exploring creating next-gen aero engine solutions with Indian and global start-ups as part of our Innovation Challenge.

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defexpo special

Thales: A key partner in India’s defence modernisation journey Partnering the Indian growth story by sharing its technologies and expertise in defence, aerospace, transport and digital identity & security markets, Thales has developed a mature industrial footprint in the country’s defence sector via a diverse range of high-tech products, services, and collaborations and intends to continue developing its footprint in India by strengthening its local teams, partnerships and innovation By Ashish Saraf

s India progresses towards its goal of becoming Atmanirbhar, constructive measures are being taken across sectors including defence. These measures along with efforts of the industry will pave the way for long-term success of India’s indigenous defence sector. For close to seven decades, Thales has been partnering the Indian growth story by sharing its technologies and expertise in defence, aerospace, transport and digital identity & security markets. Over the years, it has developed a mature industrial footprint in the country’s defence sector via a diverse range of high-tech products, services, and collaborations. The organisation has been proudly supporting the Indian armed services’ modernization efforts, aiding them in preparing for, achieving, and maintaining tactical superiority over any form of risk, all with the purpose to build a future that everyone can put their trust in.

Comprehensive services for the Indian Armed Forces

Ashish Saraf, VP and Country Director - India, Thales

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Thales offers a broad spectrum of solutions to help the armed forces gain and maintain operational superiority. Thales has more than 50 offset

partners and more than 75 supply chain partners and is cultivating local industrial and supplier ties to serve India’s defence and aerospace needs. The organisation has formed various co-operative partnerships with public and privat e sect or indust ries, like with Bharat Electronics Ltd dedicated to radars and Reliance Aerostructures Ltd for electronic warfare and radar, among others. Thales has developed extensive and broad skill sets in India through these collaborations and is contributing to sustainable manufacturing in India for India as well as for the world. The Rafale aircraft have significantly augmented the combat capabilities of the Indian Air Force. Thales provides several stateof-the-art equipment and systems aboard the Rafale. It contributes to Rafale’s gamechanging capabilities through a variety of solutions such as the AESA RBE2 radar, the SPECTRA electronic warfare suite for 360° detection and action modes, advanced

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man-machine interface with displays in the cockpit, missile electronics, the frontsector optronic with infrared search and track systems FSO-IRST, the CNI suite (communication, navigation, and identification), as well as power generation systems and a logistics support component. The RBE2 AESA radar is the key to Rafale’s performance. Among other benefits, the RBE2 radar’s range has been increased by more than 50% compared with fire control radars from previous generations, ensuring compatibility with weapons such as very longrange BVR air to air missiles. Likewise, the SPECTRA

electronic warfare system is fully integrated in Rafale and boosts survivability from air-to-air and air-to-ground threats from radars, missiles, and lasers.

Thales offers a broad spectrum of solutions to help the armed forces gain and maintain operational superiority. Thales has more than 50 offset partners and more than 75 supply chain partners and is cultivating local industrial and supplier ties to serve India’s defence and aerospace needs

Thales remains a close partner to India. Thales and its joint ventures in India now employ more than 1,800 people, and the organisation hopes to expand its presence in the nation by continuing to hire and nurture more talent in high technology roles. The organisation has also been fostering a culture of innovation in the country through its Engineering

Competence Centres (ECC) in the National Capital Region and Bengaluru. Going ahead too, Thales will continue to develop its footprint in India by strengthening its local teams, partnerships and innovation.

A committed partner to India’s growth story

–The author is a Vice President and Country Director - India, Thales. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

ADD Engineering -

www.add-engineering.in

single source supplier of High-Tech Cutting Tools for Machining

ADD Engineering offers comprehensive modern industrial solutions in the field of machining for Aerospace, Indian Defence and other wide range of sectors. The process involves focusing not only on the production and distribution of high-performance cutting tools, but also providing the professional technical support in the field of machining and the correct selection of the tools.

GERMANY I INDIA I RUSSIA For enquires please contact: B N Madhu: 9448581679

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defexpo special

GSL: Scaling New Heights Through Indigenous Shipbuilding

As the fastest growing shipyard, Goa Shipyard Limited has established new benchmark in the Indian Shipbuilding Industry. With record breaking performance in exports year after year and the shipyard has emerged as the largest exporter of defence ships from Indian sub-continent

oa Shipyard Limited (GSL) has, in the last few years has established new benchmarks in the Indian Shipbuilding Industry by consistently delivering each and every Vessel ahead of contractual delivery schedule. Backed by strong design house and superior ‘Quality’ ships, it has emerged as the fastest growing shipyard of country, building high technology and sophisticated ships. With an unmatchable track record of timely execution and delivery at ‘fixed cost’ of over 200 Ships and more than 160 Fast Interceptor Boats, GSL stands tall as the success story of the changing face of Indian Defence Shipyards.

Equipped with an in-house design capability and most modern facilities, GSL has excelled in its core competence of design and building a wide range of Patrol Vessels, Missile Boats, Landing Crafts, Training Vessels, Survey Vessels, Sail Training Ships, Fast Patrol Vessels and Yardcrafts for the Defence Sector, besides other types of vessels in the commercial sector. GSL has capability to design and build ships to customer’s requirements and its in-house R&D unit is recognized by DSIR, Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India. The Shipyard has exhibited unparallel performance in Shipbuilding industry by delivering over 30 ships in last few years, all ahead of schedule, amounting to Gross tonnage of approx. 32,000 tonnes. These deliveries include 11 OPVs, 11 Fast Interceptor Boats, 04 x 1000 Ton fuel barges and 01 Damage Control Simulator. The throughput achieved validates the processes and productivity which has consistently increased year on year. The Shipyard has excelled in design and construction of OPVs and it’s a matter of pride that over 24 designed & built OPVs by GSL are currently in service with Indian 118

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Brajesh Kumar Upadhyay, CMD Goa Shipyard Ltd

Navy, Coast Guard and Sri Lanka Navy. The recently completed Coast Guard Project for five Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessels (AOPV) is the most successful Project in Indian Shipbuilding industry with over 70 % indigenous content. The project was completed in 05 years from 2016-22 with all five Vessels delivered ahead of schedule and build period of 2400 ton AOPVs reduced to 3 years from 5.5 years, taken

earlier for last OPVs built by GSL. Another major proven and trustworthy platform designed and constructed by the Shipyard is the Fast Patrol Vessel (FPV). Driven by waterjets, these Vessels can achieve speeds in excess of 37 knots. Known for its excellent manoeuvrability, these ships have proved their mettle at high seas during hostile conditions. Seven of these Vessels have been delivered to Coast Guard and two exported in 2015-16. GSL has also won contract for 08 FPVs for Coast Guard wherein the design phase is in advanced stages and construction has also commenced. With dependable and robust products and committed workforce, the Shipyard has been giving record breaking performance in exports year after year and emerged as the largest exporter of defence ships from Indian sub-continent. In the last three years alone, it has delivered 02 OPV, 11 FIBs and 02 FPVs, and a Damage Control Simulator to friendly foreign countries. These projects again were delivered ahead of schedule and superior build quality led to accolades at the highest levels. With these deliveries, the Shipyard has emerged as the largest exporter of defence ships from India and poised to build upon it further in the coming future. As of now, GSL is executing a prestigious Project for a friendly foreign country which is presently in the design stage and

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will commence physical construction soon. The last couple of years have been very challenging to the Shipyard owing to the cascading effects of the pandemic and very recently the changes in the geo political scenario with respect to the Russia Ukraine Conflict. However the period has also been very encouraging with the Yard transitioning itself to the domain of advanced weapon intensive platforms by commencing the execution of the prestigious contract for construction of two Advanced Missile Frigates for the Indian Navy under Design assistance from Russia. This project which has completed the technical design stage and is in the advanced stages of detailed design with physical construction also commenced, will definitely catapult us into a select league of shipyards which can design and construct complex weapon intensive ships. The other two major projects being executed are the 02 Pollution Control Vessels and 08 Fast Patrol Vessels for the Indian Coast Guard, which are entering into full scale production stage soon. Both there platforms are designed in-house by GSL. GSL has also emerged the least bidder for the 07 New Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel Project for the Indian Navy. The contract for this project is expected to be inked in the near future. It is also a matter of great pride that the two Frigates under construction will be installed with a considerable percentage of indigenous equipment fit, contributing to the Government of India’s Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat vision. Critical engineering, hull and weapon systems will be of indigenous origin tapping into the growing capabilities of domestic public and private industry. Close to 8000 items will be of indigenous origin and are presently under various stages of procurement from MSMEs. In order to bring world class technology to India and manufacture equipment/ systems in India with significant indigenous content, GSL has laid considerable thrust on collaboration with leading Indian OEMs and Startups and has entered into MoUs with various Industry and Academic Institutions such as BEL, L&T and IIT Goa to further boost indigenisation and

Sri Lanka Navy Ship OPV Sayurala

105 M CG OPV ICGS Shaurya

FRIGATE

The Shipyard has exhibited unparallel performance in Shipbuilding industry by delivering over 30 ships in last few years, all ahead of schedule, amounting to Gross tonnage of approx. 32,000 tonnes. These deliveries include 11 OPVs, 11 Fast Interceptor Boats, 04 x 1000 Ton fuel barges and 01 Damage Control Simulator reduce dependence on Import. GSL is also participating in the iDEX program and is associated with Startups for development of niche technologies in the Marine and Shipbuilding Domain. While we are aggressively pursuing the ‘Make in India’ initiative by introducing more and more import substitute products, we are conscious of the fact that MSMEs form a critical fulcrum behind this initiative. Therefore, we are putting in all out efforts in increasing our vendor base. We have a robust Vendor Development program in place which looks into regular conduct of vendor meets, active participation in vendor meet at regional as well as national level, facilitating yard visit for vendors for interaction with

stakeholders at GSL and understand their requirement, imparting training on TReDS to MSEs, rebate in Class approval fee for MSMEs owned by SC/ST entrepreneurs from Indian Register of Shipping and Handholding local suppliers. GSL has also actively worked towards on boarding majority of its vendors on the India Defence Mart (IDM) which is again another great initiative by the Government. Constantly building and consolidating its experience gained over half a century and reputation for excellence and consistent track record of timely deliveries, GSL today, confidently looks ahead to successfully meet the challenges of the future requirement of our forces indigenously.

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defexpo special

Asteria Eyes Pole Position in Drone Industry As an emerging name in the Indian Drone market, Asteria Aerospace is a full-stack drone technology company. It aims to be the biggest OEM expanding its product portfolio, services and analytics

he global drone industry is a “Pandora’s box” full of unlimited possibilities. According to a BIS Research report, the global drone market, dominated by the US, China and Israel, is estimated to reach $41 billion by 2026. In comparison, the drone market in India, currently worth around $1.21 billion, accounts for a market share of less than 4.25%. India is projected to be the world’s thirdlargest drone marketplace by 2025 and will emerge as a global drone hub.

As an emerging name in the Indian Drone market, Asteria Aerospace Limited, headquartered in Bangalore with R&D and manufacturing plant is a full-stack drone technology company. It aims to be the biggest OEM expanding its product portfolio, services and analytics. Asteria develops deeply customized drone solutions for customers and has been a trusted partner to provide long-term, quality-focused, and reliable products & services to the defence & homeland security and other critical sectors. Raksha Anirveda caught up Neel Mehta, Co-Founder & Director, Asteria Aerospace for a freewheeling conversation. He is responsible for leading product development, focusing on the research of new technologies for making innovative products at Asteria. Responding eloquently to the question that highlighted India’s large chunk of global UAV imports for military use, it embracing the drone revolution first and focused drive to attain self-reliance in UAV manufacturing in near future, Neel Mehta said, “The Indian drone market is growing quite rapidly, and currently, the demand is probably more than the local supply. The government is supportive of locally manufactured drones and has backed it up by coming out with a PLI scheme for this sector as well as putting an emphasis 120

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Neel Mehta

on procuring indigenous drones for both defence as well as civilian applications. The number of startups working on drone technology in India has grown by more than 30% over the last 9 months. Once the local manufacturing ecosystem matures, there is a significant scope to export drones outside of the country.” He added, “Since drones are considered a dual-use item under the Wassenaar agreement of which India is a signatory member, every export of a drone from the country has to be made under an export license. The government is looking at ways to streamline and ease the process of obtaining such a license. Over the next

few years, we will certainly see Indianmade drones exported for both military as well as commercial applications.” Elaborating further, he said, “With a complete control on the full technology stack, we can develop highly integrated and customized solutions as per the application requirements. Asteria’s UAVs have flown at altitudes over 6000 meters above sea level in the Himalayas, to the hottest deserts in Rajasthan, while delivering best-in-class performance.” Taking the conversation forward, Neel Mehta providing insights into Asteria Aerospace’s future strategy and development roadmap commented, “As a full-stack drone technology company building customized solutions for government agencies and private sector companies from different industries, we design and manufacture multiple drone platforms ranging from 2 kg to 25 kg allup weight that are easy-to-use, rugged, and performance driven. The use cases for these drones span from surveillance and security, land surveys, agricultural surveys as well as inspection of critical assets like pipelines, power lines, and telecom towers.” He asserts, Asteria also provides endto-end Drone-as-a-Service solutions supported by our in-house drone operations cloud platform, SkyDeck. SkyDeck helps in seamlessly managing the planning & execution of drone flights, data processing, visualization, and analytics to provide business insights from drone data. We plan to continue investing in R&D and expanding our manufacturing and operations to fulfil the growing demand for drones and drone data in the country. When asked about the factors (like innovation and emerging technologies as key drivers in future UAV industry) that differentiates Asteria Aerospace from its competitors, Neel says, “Asteria Aerospace is vertically integrated with IP in UAV hardware design, software development and manufacturing. With a complete control on the full technology stack, we can develop highly integrated and customized solutions as per the application requirements while delivering

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best-in-class performance.” Acknowledging that innovation in UAV technology has been advancing rapidly year-on-year and any company in this space must invest continuously in R&D to incorporate the latest technology in their products and solutions, Neel Mehta opined, advancements in sensors, autonomy, computer vision, and communications over the next few years will redefine how UAVs are used in both military and civilian applications. Sharing his thoughts on the sluggish pace of modernisation among defence and homeland security forces and slower induction of UAVs, Neel was of the view that while it wasn’t always the case, it would be fair to say that the process of induction of UAVs in defence and homeland security forces has picked up pace in the last few years. Over the last year, the Indian armed forces have procured swarming UAVs, UAVs for logistic operations as well as UAVs with munition capabilities amongst others. There is a recognition among defence and homeland security forces that the use of UAVs will rewrite military CONOPS in several areas and an intent to get familiarized with the technology as soon as possible. The government is working closely with startups and innovators through iDEX to commercialize and field new technology. The government has

also fast-tracked procurement of drone technology under emergency powers when required. These initiatives have helped to induct UAV technologies into the forces at the speed which is needed. Showing confidence in the Indian government’s production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme, Neel highlighted that it was an honour for Asteria Aerospace to be shortlisted as a beneficiary under the production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme for drone manufacturing. This year, under the PLI scheme, the government of India has shortlisted 23 drone and drone component manufacturers who will receive due recognition as well as a financial incentive for achieving a certain threshold of production output and local value-added output. By directly incentivising local drone and drone component manufacturing, the

Through its journey since inception, Asteria’s focus has been on understanding the customer needs and developing innovative solutions to meet them through incorporation of the latest technologies in sensors, communication, propulsion, and materials

PLI scheme will strengthen the domestic manufacturing ecosystem, making it competitive in the global market while creating new job opportunities. This scheme is providing a timely boost to this emerging industry and is a progressive step towards the vision of making India a global drone hub, he concluded. Through its journey since inception, Asteria’s focus has been on understanding the customer needs and developing innovative solutions to meet them through incorporation of the latest technologies in sensors, communication, propulsion, and materials. Research and Development has been the core strength of Asteria as the use of UAV has evolved and diversified a lot in terms of defence and homeland security applications. From security, surveillance, reconnaissance, border survey, search and rescue operations, UAVs are now being used for combat missions, as target decoys, logistics and more. Thus, the research and development focus in the drone industry has been more on automation, development of manportable UAVs and capability endurance. Well acquainted with these emerging trends, Neel Mehta, Co-Founder & Director, Asteria Aerospace closes the interaction with the comment: “Recent conflicts around the world have witnessed an increased and innovative use of UAVs of all forms & sizes. Whether it is for surveillance, logistics, or combat applications, continuous R&D is key to ensuring that drones offer a competitive advantage against the adversary. Drones must be specifically designed to fit the needs of different missions and environments. For instance, surveillance of large areas requires UAVs that can fly higher and can remain in the air for longer durations. While UAVs that are used for target reconnaissance need to be stealthy and agile. Defence products need to be rugged, easy to use, and have a high performance. Asteria’s focus has been on understanding the customer needs and developing innovative solutions to meet them through incorporation of the latest technologies in sensors, communication, propulsion, and materials.”

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Exclusive Interview

‘Airbus Has Made ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ the Centrepiece of its Strategy in India’

irbus Group has been actively supporting India’s military modernisation as well as furthering India’s efforts to build a robust indigenous military-industrial complex through the transfer of technology and joint development and production with local partners. Rémi Maillard, President & Managing Director, Airbus India & South Asia spoke at length to Editor, Raksha Anirveda about Airbus Group’s wide ranging engagements in India and its future plan, support to Startup India, Make in India initiatives and the company’s deep involvement in promoting indigenous technological prowess to realise Atmanirbhar Bharat. Edited Excerpts:

Rémi Maillard, President & Managing Director, Airbus India & South Asia

Airbus with its pioneering spirit and innovative new technologies has redefined the aerospace industry. It has been working towards achieving the sustainable aerospace goal. Tell us more about the various initiatives / programmes being undertaken by your company and the achievements so far. At Airbus, we believe in doing responsible business and creating a positive impact on the world and its 122

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citizens. That is why we are taking a robust approach towards environmental and sustainability, which is at the heart of our purpose – to pioneer sustainable aerospace for a safe and united world. The aviation industry as a whole is committed to net zero ambition by 2050 and Airbus is leading the journey towards clean aerospace. We are playing an active role in implementing this roadmap and supporting the ambition of 55 per cent reduction in CO2 by 2030.

Working towards this ambition, our teams are developing alternativepropulsion systems powered by electric, hydrogen and/or solar technology – to enable the aviation industry to disruptively reduce the CO2 emissions of commercial aircraft, helicopters, satellites and future urban air mobility vehicles. In fact, our existing commercial aircraft portfolio already includes the most efficient aircraft product line. The A350, A330neo, A220 and the A320neo family, all offer 20-25% reduction in fuel burn and significantly reduced noise footprints versus the previous generation of aircraft. We also believe that Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) will also be an important driver of CO2 reduction in the aviation sector. Today, all Airbus commercial aircraft are certified to fly with up to 50% of SAF and this will reach 100% within the decade. IndiGo earlier this year took delivery of its first Airbus aircraft operated on SAF blend. We are also conducting a joint study with Airport operators Groupe ADP and GMR Airports along with Axens and Safran on SAF and its potential in India. In your opinion, what more support should the government provide to the aerospace and aviation industry to create a robust, vibrant ecosystem aligned with the global supply chain ecosystem and emerge as a global manufacturing hub? Airbus has made ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ the centrepiece of its strategy in India and is seeking to further extend its commitment to making in India to meet the needs of its civil and military customers. For instance, take the C295 programme, which marks a new dawn in India’s defence industry. The programme is a unique platform that harmonises and harnesses the tremendous competencies of the

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private sector, the DPSUs and the MSMEs – the three forces for good for an ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’. In certain areas, it would help if the government provides the initial impetus for the sector to take off. For example – the new space policy is an enabler for the private sector but the government has to become a catalyst that triggers industrial capabilities of large and small companies in the space domain. A case in point is the telecom and downstream services market that is waiting to be tapped, and the Government of India can help realise its true potential by becoming the launch customer for LEO and GEO satellite constellations. Private companies are most confident and forthcoming in investing when there is certainty of business and order flow.

Airbus has been fostering and supporting the development of the Indian aerospace and aviation industry for decades. It has been further exploring potential synergies in several strategic areas of aviation services, including maintenance, components, training, digital and airport services. Kindly provide your insights into your future strategy and expansion plans in the Indian market. Providing fast and seamless service to our customers in the region and helping them to adapt and thrive in a dynamic business environment is our priority. Airbus can rely on its Customer Services hub in Delhi dedicated to India and South Asia. Our approach is to ‘think global, act local’ which ensures that our customers get the maximum benefits when it comes to services support. We have taken a proactive approach when it comes to meet the growing demand for maintenance engineers and pilots in the region. Today, our training centres in Bengaluru and Delhi (NCR) are providing maintenance and pilot training and have the capacity to skill more than 8000 pilots and 2000 engineers over the next ten years with plans for further expansion. Earlier this year, we signed a contract with GMR group to provide aircraft maintenance training to young aviation engineers making a trending

A330 MRTT demonstrating its versatility and capability in air-to-air refuelling

We believe that the helicopter policy that was announced by the Minister of Civil Aviation and development of heli hubs will give the much needed impetus to this underutilised civilian helicopter sector in the country

career choice. We are also innovating and diversifying our services to cater to the growing and dynamic Indian civil aviation market and have signed an MoU with Flytech Aviation to explore collaboration opportunities to provide Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) training. We also offer comprehensive maintenance solutions, such as Tailored Support Programme (TSP) and Flight Hour Services (FHS) to our airline customers that provides them with full component support, as well as fleet technical management services that helps them improve their daily utilisation and streamline their costs of operations. Many of our customers also use our aviation data platform – Skywise – that offers insightful, AI-driven analytics that helps them improve their operational performance by preventing delays and reducing risks of aircraft on ground. Moreover, as an aircraft OEM, what we want most of all is that our airline customers have access to the best cost and time efficient MROs to minimise their operational costs and maximise their aircraft availability hours. Today, we support all the MROs by providing the knowledge base, parts, tools, expertise, digital services and innovative solutions

such as drone inspections, all which an MRO can use to be a world class facility.

Airbus through its collaborative approach, technology and knowhow sharing has played a pivotal role in Make in India and has placed it at the heart of its business strategy in India. What are the issues that have been affecting the initiative’s performance matrix despite Indian government’s intent, focus and continuous efforts towards making Make in India a success story? Your views / suggestions. The Indian government’s ‘Make in India’ initiative is a great opportunity for us to bring in our expertise of industrial collaborations worldwide and help develop a robust industry. Developing a self-reliant India is at the core of our local business strategy, and we are proud to say that every Airbus commercial aircraft manufactured today is partly made in India. Airbus is uniquely positioned for ‘Make in India’ in defence. The C295 programme is a testament to this as it has opened the doors to the first ‘Make in India’ aerospace programme for the private sector. This programme will put India on the global map of prominent aircraft manufacturing countries, serving not only the Indian Air

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Exclusive Interview Force well but also the Government of India’s vision of an ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’.

Space has emerged as a new frontier – both commercially and militarily. As a leading space company, Airbus has worked extensively with ISRO, its commercial arm Antrix and contributed to various Indian Space missions. Kindly provide a detailed account of your experience with Indian Space missions along with insights into your current and future engagements with Indian Space industry. Airbus has extensive experience working with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) as well as its commercial arm Antrix/NSIL. Both entities have been collaborating on the design and manufacture of telecom satellites and have also designed and built two communication satellites - Eutelsat W2M in 2008 and HYLAS-1 in 2010 – for European customers. In addition, ISRO has successfully launched Airbus’ earth observation satellites – SPOT-6, SPOT-7,

along with three DMC satellites by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL), an Airbus subsidiary, on-board its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Airbus’ products have been present on many important Communication, Inter-planetary exploration and Navigation, and Earth Observation missions. Continuing and strengthening our engagement with ISRO, Airbus has been selected to build the world’s largest compact antenna test range facility for ISRO at their Bengaluru site. Airbus’ Connected Intelligence (CI) products and services such as high resolution imageries data are being used by Indian governmental establishments. In April 2020, the French Government’s space agency – Centre national d’études spatiales (CNES) – signed a contract with Airbus Defence and Space for the development and manufacture of the thermal infrared instrument for the TRISHNA satellite. TRISHNA (Thermal infrared Imaging Satellite for High resolution Natural resource Assessment) will be the latest

C295 MPA

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satellite in the joint Franco-Indian satellite fleet dedicated to climate monitoring and operational applications. Furthermore, the Tactilon Agnet 500 communication and collaboration platform by Airbus has been selected by Indian telecom operator Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) for use on mobile broadband networks. Airbus’ Tactilon Agnet 500 is a flexible and scalable group collaboration solution which allows efficient team communication through push-to-talk, video calls, information sharing in groups, real-time location tracking, end-to-end encryption, and emergency alerts. Airbus continues to deliver products and services for Indian Space Programmes and is always looking for the right opportunities to deepen the collaborative relationship with the Department of Space as well as Indian industry.

Airbus Helicopters has been working towards developing new market segments such as, Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS), security, aerial work, power line missions and more in India. How has been the progress and will these new market segments see viable expansion in next 2-3 years? The beauty of the helicopter is that it saves travel time and can also save lives. In India, we see the current overall demand for helicopters being primarily driven by heli-tourism, oil and gas exploration and VIP transportation. The country’s helicopter potential in other areas such as mining, corporate travel, law enforcement remains severely underused. We believe that helicopters can be used as a nation building tool when it comes to emergency rescue, aerial work, disaster response, and airborne law enforcement. Speaking of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS), it is still in a very nascent stage in India and holds a lot of potential. A helicopter configured with air-medical equipment and a trained crew can be a saviour for a critical patient and help them transfer to a hospital within minutes. The Covid-19 pandemic has further put a spotlight on the importance of adding

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HEMS to the healthcare infrastructure. The first and second wave of the virus amplified the need for emergency medical services and airlifting critical patients as access to timely healthcare became difficult. We feel this is the right time for HEMS to penetrate into the Indian market. We believe that the helicopter policy that was announced by the Minister of Civil Aviation and development of heli hubs will give the much needed impetus to this underutilised civilian helicopter sector in the country. We understand that the demand for helicopters is emerging in the country but it is marred by various factors such as high operating cost, cost of ATF and high import duty. We believe that along with the aforementioned concerns, the new policy will also address factors like application of air traffic rules, infrastructure development and their maintenance to drive the growth of the helicopter sector in the country. At Airbus, we offer a range of helicopters that are recognised for speed and reliability, modular cabins, low vibration levels and excellent manoeuvrability, that have the ability to land anywhere, and have low operating costs. Our product line offers the full spectrum of rotary-wing aircraft solutions for civil, government, military, law enforcement and parapublic use that also offer a range of support and services including maintenance repair and overhaul, along with training for pilots and technicians. We are here to help fulfil the country’s requirement for these services.

Airbus enjoys a leadership position in the Indian aviation sector. It has shown immense faith in the Indian market with investments and everdeveloping partnership that has resulted in India becoming a base, strategic resource hub to fuel its global growth. What are key factors that have made Airbus believe in India’s potential? Kindly elaborate in detail. India’s aerospace industry has seen significant growth given the rising demand from both the defence and civil aviation sectors. The growth in the civil aviation sector is mainly driven by a large and growing middle class and major

Airbus will display its comprehensive range of defence and space capabilities at DefExpo 2022. Scale models of the versatile A330 Multi Role Tanker Transport aircraft as well as the multi-role AS565 MBe (Panther) and H225M helicopters will find a pride of place among other products and services investments in aviation infrastructure. This growth has the potential to enhance connectivity, improve employment, encourage tourism, and to turn India into an aviation hub. Today, all eyes are on India and the potential it has to become an aviation and defence hub owing to its strong fundamentals. India has a strong information technology and engineering capabilities and manufacturing expertise. Recent reforms in the policy framework and initiatives like ‘Make in India’ and ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ are further boosting aerospace manufacturing as well. In commercial aviation, India is now the fastest growing market in the world and is predicted to become the world’s third-largest civil aviation market by 2030. India’s massive, young population, strong economic fundamentals as well as significant diaspora and business links make the potential for growth just staggering. Simply look at the international traffic serving India - traffic that Indian carriers could be competing for - with the right aircraft. Over the past decade or so, Indian airline companies have revolutionised domestic travel, and we believe that we are now on the cusp of a renaissance in international travel, and Airbus is ready to support that growth with its unbeatable range of long-haul products. We also believe that India’s strength lies not only in its market but also in its talent base of engineers and IT professionals who are already working on some of the most advanced aerospace systems, including in our Airbus India Engineering and IM centres in Bengaluru.

Do you think the Indian aerospace industry is ready now to produce commercial aircraft? Is Airbus planning to make the first move in the near future?

In fact, we are already setting up a FAL for the C295. This programme will put India on the global map of prominent aircraft manufacturing countries, serving not only the Indian Air Force well but also the Government of India’s vision of an ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ (self-reliant India). It is a game-changer that brings together the best of the private sector, the best of the DPSUs and the SMEs to unlock the potential for cutting-edge design, component manufacturing, aircraft assembly and services capabilities across the value chain in India. In addition, given its large engineering and IT talent pool, India will take an active part in the development of the next generation zeroemission aircraft that will rely on disruptive, decarbonised technologies and advanced digitalisation. So, we are proud to say we are contributing towards enhancing aircraft manufacturing capabilities of the Indian industry.

What are your showcase plans for DefExpo 2022 and expectations from the event? Airbus will display its comprehensive range of defence and space capabilities at DefExpo 2022. Scale models of the versatile A330 Multi Role Tanker Transport aircraft as well as the multi-role AS565 MBe (Panther) and H225M helicopters will find a pride of place among other products and services at the Airbus booth in Hall 9, Stand R27 & R28. The company, with a strong legacy of working with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and its commercial arm NewSpace India Ltd., will also display its extensive space systems portfolio, including its range of EO satellite models such as Eurostar 3000 satellite and an interactive digital presentation of the S250 and S850 radar.

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defexpo special

Axio Biosolutions to Unveil Axiostat MIL300 – ZFold @ DefExpo 2022 As a medical technology company specialising in biomaterials-based medical devices for pre-hospital, intra-operative, and post-operative clinical needs, Axio Biosolution’s emphasis is on devices for trauma, surgical, and chronic wound treatment. With the goal of making a substantial impact in the surgical and wound care industry internationally with its proprietary Chitosan-based technology, Axio has come a long way since it developed and commercialized India’s First Trauma Haemostatic Dressing – AXIOSTAT

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xio Biosolutions Pvt Ltd is a medical technology company specializing in biomaterials-based medical devices for pre-hospital, intra-operative, and post-operative clinical needs. Axio’s emphasis is on devices for trauma, surgical, and chronic wound treatment, with the goal of making a substantial impact in the surgical and wound care industry internationally with its proprietary Chitosan-based technology.

When Axiostat Chitosan Haemostatic Dressing is applied to an open cut, it interacts with the blood and forms a sticky material that clots blood and helps to stop bleeding fast. With relentless pursuit, our team developed and commercialized India’s First Trauma Haemostatic Dressing – AXIOSTAT. Since 2014, we have been proudly serving all frontline defence forces in India and

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abroad, and AXIOSTAT is now sold in 40+ countries. More than 300 defence establishments of Indian Armed Forces including Rashtriya Rifles, Para Commandos, MARCOS, Garud Commandos, CRPF COBRA, BSF, SSB, Assam Rifles, ITBP, Black Cat Commandos, Greyhound, Kerala Anti-Terror Squad, and many others carry AXIOSTAT to stop bleeding from gunshot wounds and IED Blast injuries. Team Axions

have also started offering product training and demonstration to its military customers under the AACE (Axio Academy of Clinical Excellence) platform. In this Defexpo at Gandhinagar, we will be launching Axiostat MIL300 – ZFold which is a 3 metre long chitosan gauze and Chitosan shell dressing the next generation shell dressings / first field dressings for the global security forces. The product not only helps in faster haemostasis but also helps in securing the wound and improve secondary treatment outcomes. Once the patient is shifted to the nearest Base Hospital / MI Room by using saline water the Axiostat patch or gauze will turn into gel and can be removed without dislodging the clot. The conventional techniques are very painful and chances of rebleeding are very high. It was widely reported that AXIOSTAT was also used in the famous 2016 Surgical Strike, which was India’s bravest counter terror attack in the history. We were also fortunate to be a part of our present Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Israel visit in 2017 and showcase this product to Israeli PM and defence forces. We have been motivated by our present governments ‘Make in India’ campaign and we are glad to confirm that we have invested into a manufacturing facility in Sanand, Ahmedabad which is now USFDA approved and provides employment to 70+ trained, skilled scientists. Axio has established a cutting-edge production plant in Gujarat Pharma Techno Park in Ahmedabad, with a capacity to produce over a million units of medical dressing each year. Axiostat is USFDA 510(k) cleared and is also European CE approved. All Axio products are manufactured in state-of-the-art ISO 13485 and GMP certified facility. As a result, it has become the world’s biggest maker of chitosan medical sponges.

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defexpo special

A Marvel of Atmanirbhar Bharat: 155 mm 45 caliber AWEIL manufactured Dhanush Gun System Dhanush takes the credit of being the first and the foremost successful initiative of Atmanirbharta in Defence. Dhanush is not a “Desi Bofors” as often mentioned. It is new gun, lighter than any contemporary medium gun and its capabilities go much ahead of Bofors

tmanirbhar Bharat initiative is a unique initiative of the Govt of India. It is an initiative that has no parallel in the annals of history of indigenous weapon manufacturing in India. Dhanush takes the credit of being the first and the foremost successful initiative of this kind. Notably, design and manufacture of high – tech 155 mm class medium artillery gun having enhanced range has been the domain of major foreign gun manufacturers.

Their hold on this technology has been so tight that none of it was shared by them under any circumstances. Interestingly, Bofors AB, Sweden were to transfer the full technology of the 155 mm 39 calibre gun manufacture to India. But what was transferred lacked key areas that were necessary to manufacture the gun in India. Since at that time there was no plan to start manufacturing process of 155 mm 39 calibre guns in India, these major gaps in transfer of technology did not come to 128

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light. It was around 2011 that the idea of manufacturing 155 mm 45 calibre medium guns started to take shape. At that time Indian weapon manufacturers like Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) and its technology partner DRDO did not have technology, drawings, materials, high end forging and electronics to even properly commence a project of this magnitude. Also Indian Army was facing severe serviceability issues for 155 mm 39 calibre Bofors guns due to vintage.

Under these crucial conditions, a clarion call went out for manufacture of 155 mm medium guns in India. Ordnance Factory Board rose to the occasion and accepted the challenge. It was decided by the Army that while the approved medium gun system was 155 mm 52 calibre gun, it will accept indigenous 155 mm 45 calibre gun system with at least maximum range of 35 km or more against 30 km of 155 mm 39 calibre Bofors guns. OFB technocrats took the challenge with full gusto. Initially, the work looked very difficult as the basic designs, steel formulation data for structure, barrel and other parts were not available. The ordnance and muzzle brake had to be designed afresh. Notably, the chamber of Dhanush is larger than that of 155 mm 39 calibre Bofors gun. This increase of chamber changed the entire firing pressure dynamics and thus the structural strength of the gun system. The Ordnance Development Center at Kanpur in consultation with Metal and Steel Factory (MSF), Ishapore of the OFB was successful in finalizing an optimally efficient steel composition for the 155 mm 45 calibre barrel. Incidentally, MSF later manufactured 155 mm 52 calibre barrel forgings also during 2016. The forged barrels have been converted into high performance 155 mm 52 calibre barrels in Ordnance Factory, Kanpur and Field Gun Factory, Kanpur under Advance Weapons& Equipment India Ltd (AWEIL), Kanpur. In recent times these barrels have been exported to leading Global OEMs. There have been repeated orders for the same also. It was a slow definite process of learning through institutional knowledge, ingenuity of OFB gun designers, forgers, ordnance designers, functional parts designers and manufacturers and technicians. IITs, DPSUs (BEL & SAIL), private sector and DRDO supported the project with open heart. The experience and institutional memory of over 200 years of Artillery Gun manufacture with the OFB definitely helped. The first prototype of the gun was fired during June 2012, and there has been no looking back on the project since then. The OFB engineers, now with the AWEIL,

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made extra ordinary efforts in development and productionisation of the Dhanush gun system. They got support from premier institutions like IITs. In addition, OFB invited the Indian Statistical Institute faculty to work on QA/QC aspects. The private sector chipped in when needed. These external interventions brought substantial knowledge and expertise. As the gun design and manufacture developed as per laid down protocols, the project faced many challenges. Each challenge provided new areas of learning and problem resolution expertise for the project team. Gradually, the inspection units of the Ministry of Defence, Government of India joined in to undertake inspection at every level of manufacturing, QA/QC and firing. Indian Army positioned a team under a serving Brigadier at the Gun Carriage Factory, Jabalpur to provide necessary advice from the users point of view and operational requirements. So, it may be appropriate to state that Dhanush is a co-developed product of user-designer-manufacturer and testing agencies. This is the reason why Dhanush gun; having world class features, tested in the rugged conditions of deserts, snow bound areas of Ladakh, humid climates of the north Eastern India and plains of Punjab and Rajasthan has come out in flying colours. So, Dhanush is not a “Desi Bofors” as sometimes mentioned by the Indian media. It is new gun and its capabilities go much ahead of Bofors. It is lighter than any contemporary medium gun. It can be airlifted in a military aircraft. This gun has gone through toughest testing, trials and confirmatory firing under most adverse conditions possible. It has cleared all such trials and confirmatory tests in flying colours. Notably, Dhanush gun system has fired over 5000 shells (including a substantial number with high zones 5 & 6) during trials and testing process. Therefore, Dhanush

Parameters of Dhanush Calibre: 155 mm 45 calibre Chamber capacity: 23 litres Ammunition: ERFB BB, ERFB BT, HEER, HE M 107, HE 77B, Smoke (ER), Illumination (ER) Charge System: Bi-modular charge system (BMCS), Bag charges system Direct firing: Day and night Max Range: 38 km Burst firing: 3 rounds in 30 seconds Intense: 12 rounds in 3 minutes

Special features provides a very high degree of quality assurance. This modern world class gun system is ready to be exported too. To bring down the price of the gun, a system of basic model and addon has been configured. Dhanush is now operationally deployed under extreme cold weather conditions where it is regularly firing in the ranges without any difficulties. AWEIL under Rajesh Choudhary, CMD has taken many path breaking initiatives to increase production capacity, expansion of customer base, focus on exports, improve the quality control, strengthen the cooperative actions with the private sector, support to start-up industry, DRDO, DGQA and many others. Dhanush gun system is more than 90 percent indigenous, lightest in its category and is fairly priced. The gun has passed the most stringent additional operational

• An Atmanirbhar Bharat marvel with over 90 % indigenous content. • Entire metallurgy, including barrel designed &developed by Ordnance Development Center Kanpur, now a part of AWEIL and produced by Metal and Steel Factory of erstwhile OFB, now part of YIL. • It is all terrain and all weather autonomous gun system. • Precise targeting at longer ranges, superior accuracy and consistency during firing at all ranges. • Fires in high and low angle under all terrain and ammunition conditions. • Proven sustained intense and burst fire capability. • Shoot and scoot capability. • It uses most modern positioning systems for high firing accuracy. • On board ballistic calculations. • Uses most modern ammunition and charge sytems. • All spares are indigenous under Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative of the Government of India.

DHANUSH IS A UNIQUELY SUCCESSFUL GOVT OF INDIA PRODUCT THROUGH AWEIL. IT IS MADE BY INDIA, MADE FOR OUR ARMY AND MADE FOR THE WORLD. and firing tests structured by the Director General of Artillery – the only gun system to successfully clear the nearly impossible operational firing tests. So far no other competitor making similar gun systems in India have even come close to participating in such tests.

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appointments

Lt Gen Anil Chauhan Appointed New Chief of Defence Staff

ew Delhi. IThe government named Lt General Anil Chauhan (Retd) as the new Chief of Defence Staff on September 28. He will be the second CDS of the country after Gen Bipin Rawat who died in a helicopter crash in December last year in Tamil Nadu. Lt Gen Chauhan (Retd) will assume the rank of the four-star General once he takes charge as India’s second Chief of Defence Staff (CDS). He will be the first retired three-star officer to return to service in four-star rank. “The government has decided to appoint Lt General Anil Chauhan (Retired) as the next Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) who shall also function as Secretary to Government of India, Department of Military Affairs with effect from the date of his assumption of charge and until further orders,” the defence ministry said in a statement. After his retirement as the eastern Army Commander last year, he has been serving as the military adviser in the National Security Council Secretariat

headed by NSA Ajit Doval. In a career spanning over nearly 40 years, Lt Gen Anil Chauhan (Retd) had held several command, staff and instrumental appointments and had extensive experience in counter-insurgency operations in Jammu & Kashmir and North-East India. An alumnus of the National Defence

Academy (NDA), Khadakwasla and Indian Military Academy, Dehradun, Lt Gen Anil Chauhan was born on May 18, 1961, and commissioned into the 11 Gorkha Rifles of the Indian Army in 1981. He commanded an Infantry Division in the Baramula sector in the Northern Command in the rank of Major General. According to the Ministry of Defence, he commanded a corps in the North East as a Lt Gen and later in September 2019 until his retirement last May, he held the position of the General Officer Commandingin-Chief of the Eastern Command. Besides these command appointments, he has also tenanted other important staff appointments. These include the charge of Director General of Military Operations. He has also served on a United Nations mission to Angola. Lt General Anil Chauhan (Retired) was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal, Uttam Yudh Seva Medal, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, Sena Medal and Vishisht Seva Medal for his distinguished and illustrious service in the Army.

BETHESDA, Md., Lockheed Martin announced that Tim Cahill will be the new executive vice president of the company’s Missiles and Fire Control (MFC) business area. The appointment is effective November 1. Cahill is currently senior vice president of Lockheed Martin’s Global Business Development & Strategy, where he brought integrated solutions to our customers and established comprehensive growth-enabling strategies across the enterprise. He previously served as senior vice president for Lockheed Martin International and vice president, Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) Systems for MFC. At MFC, he managed several significant programs including Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), PAC-3, Medium Extended Air Defense System

(MEADS), and numerous other emerging technologies. He has also held leadership positions at Lockheed Martin Space. Cahill joined the company in 1995 following a distinguished career as a U.S. Air Force officer. He succeeds Scott Greene, who will retire at the end of the year after more than 41 years of service to the company. Greene will serve as a strategic adviser to the chief operating officer from Nov. 1 until the end of the year to ensure a smooth and orderly leadership transition process. Cahill holds a bachelor’s and Master of Science degree in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University and an MBA from Stanford University. He also completed the Executive Program Manager’s Course at the Defense Systems Management College at Ft. Belvoir, Virginia.

Lockheed Martin Names Tim Cahill as Missiles and Fire Control’s Executive Vice President

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Government Appoints Samir V. Kamat as New DRDO Chief

New Delhi. The government has appointed Samir V. Kamat as the new chief of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). The Appointments Committee of the cabinet on August 25, 2022 appointed Dr Samir V. Kamat as Secretary, Department of Defence Research and Development and Chairman, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Incumbent DRDO Chairman Dr G. Satheesh Reddy has been appointed as Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister as he completed his four-year tenure. Kamat, who was heading the Naval Systems & Materials, Vishakhapatnam, will serve till the age of 60. Kamat is a distinguished scientist, an engineering graduate in Metallurgical Engineering from IIT Kharagpur in 1985 and PhD in Materials Science and Engineering from The Ohio State University, USA in 1988, specialising in the area of mechanical behaviour of materials. As the Prime Minister has been reviewing the performance of the organisation, it is expected that the new appointment will help in the new reforms like making defence research more industry-friendly and helping the smaller and medium industries to grow in manufacturing..

Ultra names Carlo Zaffanella as Ultra Maritime’s President and CEO London, UK. Ultra announces the appointment of Carlo Zaffanella as the new President and CEO of Ultra Maritime, effective 6 September 2022.Carlo joins Ultra from General Dynamics Mission Systems where he was General Manager of the Maritime and Strategic Systems line of business. Having spent 22 years at General Dynamics, Carlo has held various leadership roles of increasing responsibility, principally in the maritime market place.“I am delighted to be joining Ultra Maritime at such an exciting time in the company’s growth. We have over 2,000 brilliant and dedicated people within the company and I look

forward to working with them to support our customers mission critical needs and protect what matters,” said Zaffanella. “The future of Ultra Maritime is bright and we look forward to continuing our mission of delivering leading multi-mission solutions to protect our navies.”Carlo started his career in General Electric as a Systems Engineer in submarine combat systems. He has a BSEE from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an MEEE from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.Carlo succeeds Thomas Link, who will leave Ultra at the end of September.

Bengaluru. Dinesh Kumar Batra, Director (Finance) & CFO, has taken additional charge as Chairman & Managing Director (CMD) of Navratna Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) with effect from September 1, 2022. As Director (Finance) & CFO, Mr Batra steered BEL to achieve its highest ever turnover of Rs. 15,044 Cr and PAT of Rs. 2,349 Cr in FY 2021-22. He was instrumental in increasing BEL’s authorised capital to Rs. 750 Cr from Rs. 250 Cr and issuing two bonus shares for each share held by the shareholders of the company. He also played a pivotal role in obtaining necessary approvals for BEL’s highest ever payout of 450% Dividend. Mr Batra was instrumental in the company’s move to foray into the ElectroExplosive segment. He is also credited with BEL entering into Li-on battery packs for automobiles to support the e-Mobility programme of the Government of India.

He is a member of the Board of BEL subsidiaries, BEL-Thales Systems Limited (BTSL) and BEL Optronic Devices Limited (BELOP).

Dinesh Kumar Batra Takes Charge as CMD of BEL

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BAE Systems Wins US Army’s CATV Competition, Receives $278 Million Contract

alls Church, Va. BAE Systems’ Beowulf has won the US Army’s competition for its Cold Weather All-Terrain Vehicle (CATV) program and the company has received a $278 million contract for production units, spare parts and contractor logistics support. The win further confirms BAE Systems as the industry leader in the design and production of military allterrain vehicles for operations in harsh terrains and in the toughest weather conditions. Beowulf is an unarmoured, tracked, and highly versatile vehicle for carrying personnel and a variety of payloads in either of its two compartments. Beowulf can traverse snow, ice, rock, sand, mud, and swamp conditions, and can operate in steep mountain environments. Its amphibious feature also allows it to swim in flooded areas or coastal waters. This marks the first sale of Beowulf, which is based on its sister BvS10 armoured variant in service with several European nations. As the focus on Arctic Mobility 132

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operations grows, we see increasing opportunities in other markets for the BvS10 and Beowulf with an emerging demand to replace legacy BV206s. Beowulf’s articulated mobility system is key to its effectiveness, providing optimal manoeuvrability across varying surfaces. Its modular design can be reconfigured for multiple missions, such as logistical support, disaster and humanitarian relief, search and rescue, and other missions as required. Its large windows and spacious cabin make Beowulf suitable to the tasks for the CATV program, including search and rescue, defence support to civilian authorities, and homeland defence. Its modern, commercial design ensures soldiers’ operational effectiveness in executing a wide variety of difficult missions. Beowulf successfully completed the prototype evaluation phase of the CATV program earlier this year in Alaska. It performed in multiple tasks while remaining fully mission capable. The testing included amphibious operations, navigating terrain with varying levels

of complexity, starting and operating in extreme cold weather, and most critically, user assessment by soldiers. Beowulf is built by BAE Systems Hägglunds in northern Sweden, adding firsthand experience in operating in an arctic environment. The platform includes several key components from US suppliers, such as its engine, transmission, and hydraulic system. The CATV program will replace the legacy fleet of Small Unit Support Vehicles (SUSVs), also built by BAE Systems Hägglunds, and known internationally as the BV206. The BV206 has been in service globally, including with the US Armed Forces, since the early 1980s.

Boeing Awarded

el Aviv: Boeing has been awarded a $927 million contract for four multi-mission KC-46A tankers for the Israel Air Force (IAF) through the US Foreign Military Sales process. The KC-46 will replace Israel’s fleet of Re’em Boeing 707 tankers, with first deliveries expected to begin in 2025. In March 2020, the US government approved the Foreign Military Sale to Israel of eight KC-46 tankers. Israel signed a Letter of Offer and Acceptance (LOA) for two aircraft in February 2021 and amended LOA for two more KC-46 tankers in December 2021. The KC-46 provides the ability to refuel Israeli and allied military aircraft, and relay data and enable rapid mobility for personnel, cargo and aeromedical missions. The platform features multiple layers of combat-ready defensive systems and countermeasures, including covert capabilities, to detect, avoid, defeat and

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Kadet Defence Systems Delivers Aerial Target Systems to Philippines

ew Delhi. Indian drone manufacturer Kadet Defence Systems, has completed deliveries of its JX2 Aerial Target System to the Philippines. The company claims that it is the first Indian company to export a complete defence system from India to the Philippines. The JX2 Aerial Target System will be used for training and weapon evaluation of surface to air missiles by the Philippine armed forces. “We completed the delivery in a record time of less than eight weeks from the placement of contract to the delivery of the system which included air vehicles, catapult launcher and other ground support equipment. We also had to develop a new thermal payload to enable the aerial target to simulate aerial threats for heat seeking missiles” said Avdhesh Khaitan, CEO of Kadet DS. Khaitan is looking to expand his foot print in the SE Asian and MENA region with the company’s family of aerial targets

which includes high speed jet powered sea skimming variants and loitering munition platforms. The JX2 Aerial Target System is made of composite material and powered by a two-stroke engine. It has a wingspan of 2.5m and length of 2.6m. Line of sight (LOS) range is quoted by the manufacturer as over 40km

and the aerial target has an endurance of 45 minutes. It can achieve a speed of more than 60m/s in clean configuration. The catapult launched aerial target has a maximum take-off weight of 35kg and can carry role equipment such as a scoring system, IR flares, Luneburg lens and ISR camera.

$927 Million Contract by Israel for 4 KC-46A Tankers

survive threats. Under the contract, Boeing will also provide tanker services support,

maintenance and repairs, logistics and fleet spares ensuring mission readiness

for the IAF fleet. As the KC-46A fleet grows globally, there are now more KC-46As in operation than any tanker except the Boeing-built KC-135. The US Air Force operates 62 KC-46A tankers and is currently slated for 179. The Japan Air Self-Defense Force operates two of the multi-mission Pegasus aerial refuellers, with a total of four on contract. The proven KC-46A has flown more than 10,000 sorties globally and is delivering millions of pounds of fuel every month to US and allied receivers in operation around the world. Boeing builds KC-46A aircraft on the 767 production line in Everett, Wash., for the Israel Air Force as well as the US Air Force and allies. As a leading global aerospace company, Boeing develops, manufactures and services commercial airplanes, defence products and space systems for customers in more than 150 countries.

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Economic Explosive Ltd to Develop Multiple Rocket

ew Delhi: In keeping with the government’s avowed aim of Atmanirbhar Bharat in defence sector, an Indian private sector defence equipment manufacturer Economic Explosive Ltd (Solar

Group) has proposed to develop a "High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS)" multiple rocket launcher system similar to the ones used by the US army. The HIMARS has come into limelight after it was deployed by the Ukrainian forces in

the Russo-Ukraine war recently. Currently the Indian Army has the Soviet/Russian BM-30 Smerch which is a heavy self-propelled 300 mm multiple rocket launcher. The army also operates the BM-21 Grad a selfpropelled 122 mm multiple rocket launcher. The complete system with the BM-21 launch vehicle and the M-21OF rocket is designated as the M-21 field-rocket system and is more commonly known as a Grad multiple rocket launcher system. Indian army has focused on the mobility philosophy and has hence developed the indigenous Pinaka MBRL which uses 214mm instead of 300mm rocket like the ones used in BM-30 and is mounted on an 8X8 BEML made truck chassis. The advanced guided version of the MBRL consists of 8 rockets in total installed on 2 pods, whereas the unguided version has 12 rockets in total.

Advancing Local Value-Add and Exports (SCALE), where we are trying to see how we can localise the components of drones, whether it is a propeller

system, composites or cameras.” “We are working on a system to slowly create an industry for this subsystem which then feeds into the assembly of

Scale and Cost-Effectiveness Important to Build Proper UAV Ecosystem

ew Delhi. The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) have done pathbreaking research on drones, but it will take 7-8 years before India can become self-reliant in the assembly of UAVs, said Dr Pawan Goenka, Steering Committee head and chairman of the board of governors, IIT Madras. For the first time, all the 23 IITs, are coming together for an R&D fair to be held on October 14-15. Goenka heads the R&D committee which is taking this initiative forward. Speaking to the media, the former IIT-Kanpur alumni said, "As of today, all components required for the assembly of drones are imported. There is significant effort being put in by the GOI, led by the Ministry of Electronics and Information technology (MEITY) and the Steering Committee for 134

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Launcher System Solar Group's Economic Explosive Ltd has submitted a proposal to MoD for the developing a HIMARS kind of a rocket system which will carry only one pod. The system will have a range of 250 km surface-to-surface rocket. The MBRL may use the improved version of the Prahaar solid-fuel roadmobile tactical ballistic missile which has since been designated as Pranash by DRDO. It is designed to carry a conventional high explosive warhead or clustered munition, and significantly the missile is powered by single-stage solid propellant motor. This missile can be launched within 2–3 minutes without any preparation, providing significantly better reaction time than liquid-fuelled missiles. Pranash is being developed to provide a cost -effect ive, quick reaction, all-weather, all-terrain, highly accurate battlefield support tactical weapon system.

in India: Pawan Goenka

the drones. This is not a two-year effort, it probably may take up to 7-8 years. Government of India is supporting the drone manufacturing ecosystem through the dedicated PLI." he said. "The reality is, Chinese costs are untouchable because of their scale and overall efficiency. First, it will take time for India to get the kind of scale we require to bring costs down. Here, technology is not going to be the issue, but scale and cost-effectiveness when compared to China." On the recent trials of 5G testbed at IIT-Madras, Goenka said, "IIT Madras has been at the forefront of developing the 5G technology. The problem however will be for the telecom operators to choose the newly-developed indigenous technology over the tried and tested technology available elsewhere."

EDGE Group Entity, HORIZON, Awarded Two Key Business Certifications by Bureau Veritas

bu Dhabi, UAE. EDGE Group entity, HORIZON, the Middle East’s largest independent helicopter flight training academy, today announced that it has been awarded the Information Security (ISMS) ISO 27001 and Business Continuity Management Systems (BCMS) ISO 22301 certifications from Bureau Veritas, a company specialising in world-class laboratory testing, inspection, and certification services. The announcement was made during a ceremony held at the HORIZON Academy premises in Al Ain, and attended by HORIZON Executive Management, HORIZON staff, and representatives from Bureau Veritas. Bureau Veritas Business Developer, Shan Sait, and Senior Sales and Marketing Executive, Zeljka Jovovic, presented the certificates to HORIZON CEO Hareb Thani Al Dhaheri. The two representatives expressed their appreciation of HORIZON’s efforts in securing its data and assuring business continuity. Al Dhaheri expressed that these awards are key additions to HORIZON’s achievements, reflecting the continued high degree of professionalism from the staff. Through these new implemented systems, the Academy will be able to continue operations during any potential crisis incident, as well as return to standard and normal operations within a short period of time. These achievements also certify that HORIZON can deliver servicecompliant standards that meet customer requirements, as well as satisfy both external regulatory and internal requirements. Since its inception in 2003, HORIZON has been the premier training academy in the Middle East region, providing flight training to both commercial and military customers on Bell aircraft, and has successfully completed over 150,000 training hours in upskilling rotary wing pilots. HORIZON is part of the Trading & Mission Support cluster within EDGE, an advanced technology group ranked among the top 25 military suppliers in the world.

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Elbit Systems Awarded Contracts Worth $240 Million

aifa, Israel: Israeli company Elbit Systems was awarded two contracts, in an aggregate amount valued at $240 million, to upgrade Main Battle Tanks (MBT) for an international customer. A $60 million contract will be delivered over a period of two years and a $180 million contract will be delivered over a period of four years.

Under the contracts, Elbit Systems will perform an upgrade of the MBTs and provide advanced electronics suites. The Israeli company has

Schiebel CAMCOPTER® S-100 Delivers UAS Capability As Part of Bristow’s New Search and Rescue Contract With UK’s Maritime and Coastguard Agency 136

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developed many systems that upgrade the capabilities of MBT's. These include a See-through-Armour (STA) - a revolutionary, panoramic

observation system, enabling operators to understand and experience their environment from a single image. Using algorithms that electronically join imagery collected by video cameras installed around the vehicle, the STA provides a seamless 360-degree real-time panoramic view. Elbit Systems’ also developed "head-up, eyes-out" aerial technology to the closed hatched armoured vehicle environment, IronVision generates an image that enables the crew to "see through" armoured shields, helping them overcome inherent visibility limitations, while improving mission efficiency and safety. Real-time, zero latency, highresolution video is transmitted to the Helmet-Mounted Displays (HMD), providing the crew with a natural, conformal view of the vehicle surroundings. In addition, Elbit Systems offers Comprehensive Protection for

ienna. Bristow, the global leader in vertical flight, has been awarded a 10year contract by the UK Maritime Coastguard Agency (MCA) to deliver the Second-Generation Search and Rescue (UKSAR2G) programme. The contract includes the operational deployment of Schiebel’s CAMCOPTER® S-100 Unmanned Air System (UAS). The new contract expands and builds on the existing capabilities Bristow has delivered to the MCA since 2015, most notably the life-saving search and rescue helicopter service (SAR) for HM Coastguard.

In January 2019, Bristow received the delivery of its first Schiebel CAMCOPTER® S-100 system, consisting of two aircraft, a Ground Control Station and engineering and logistic support as a Proof of Concept capability. Its aim was to prove the utility of combining unmanned with manned aviation in the SAR role to ensure greater efficiency and effectiveness. In 2022, Bristow took delivery of a second system, stationed on the south coast of England supporting the MCA and HM Coastguard operations in the English Channel. Recently, Bristow trained additional pilots

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to Upgrade MBT Tanks for an International Customer Fighting Vehicles with 360-degree coverage that supports effective and timely responses to laser and radar-guided threats. Another systems is the Laser Warning System (E-LAWS) and Threat Detection System (TDS) that accurately detect, categorize and pinpoint laser sources such as rangefinders, designators, beam riders, infrared illuminators and trainers. In addition to laser sources, the Multi-Threat Detection System (MTDS) detects, categorizes and pinpoints radar/RF sources. These systems offer an accurate angle of arrival (AoA), high-detection probability and low false-alarm rate. Elbit's sophisticated suite of fully integrated Fire Control Systems (FCS) offer unparalleled performance in battlefield conditions, featuring long-range, day and night, on-the-move high first-round hit probability against moving targets. Reliable, costeffective and easily configurable to a wide variety of AFVs and MBTs, the systems range from simplified FCS

for one-man light turrets to highperformance hunter-killer FCS for front-line MBTs. The Israeli company also offers the Electric Gun and Turret Drive System (EGTDS) that significantly enhances turret stabilization and firing on-the-move. The system provides smooth target tracking at high-speeds and in all firing positions, even for heavy guns and

turrets. In addition, the system improves safety by eliminating the need for the highly flammable hydraulic fluid used in conventional systems. The Driver Thermal Vision System comprises a thermal imaging camera based on an uncooled detector and a ruggedized LCD display installed inside the vehicle. and engineers to maintain its fleet of S-100 in the UK. The CAMCOPTER® S-100 Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) UAS needs no prepared area or supporting launch or recovery equipment. It operates day and night, under adverse weather conditions with a range of payloads, out to 200 km, both on land and at sea. Hans Georg Schiebel, Chairman of the Schiebel Group, said: “We are immensely proud that the S-100 is the UAS of choice to support SAR activities in the UK. Theunrivalled maritime experience of the S-100 and the countless operations all over the world make the Schiebel UAS ideally suited for the UKSAR2G programme.” Raksha Anirveda | october - december 2022

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Creomagic Launches Miniature Hybrid Wireless Device ‘CreoCell’

Tel Aviv: Israel-based communications developer Creomagic has launched CreoCell, a miniature hybrid wireless device, incorporating a high-datarate mesh radio and a cellular modem. According to the company the systems weighs 150 grams (~0.33 lb.), and it provides mission-critical teams and autonomous platforms with robust, costeffective “cloud of connectivity” based on both independent mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) and public cellular networks (LTE). The company says that the new system is very important for emergency first responders, industrial mission critical teams and TV crews, who find their cellular devices rendered useless as civilians overload networks during mass events. The radio backup also keeps security users operating if cellular facilities are disabled, hacked or sabotaged. When cellular coverage is available, CreoCell supports both technologies simultaneously, splitting transmissions between them. In case cellular network is not available, in remote rural areas, at sea, or even underground, the mesh module provides the user with long-range and high throughput connectivity. CreoCell is offered in three configurations: a miniature OEM (150 gram) radio, a ruggedized product for vehicles and marine platforms, and a personal handset for human operators. 138

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DRDO Lab Develops AESA Based Electronic Warfare Systems New Delhi: With increasing demand for use of electronics in modern warfare, Electronic Warfare (EW) systems have demanding requirements for the use of Armed Forces on land, air, sea and space. Threats are becoming more and more agile and moving higher in the spectrum, thereby especially putting stringent design criticalities on various technologies for EW systems. Defence Electronics Research Laboratory (DLRL), Hyderabad is now working to meet the requirements of EW systems of Indian Armed Forces. The laboratory has designed, developed, and produced a large number of ruggedized systems meeting the state-of-the-art requirements of Army, Navy and Air Force in a dynamically changing operational scenario. The EW system configuration comprises of antenna, microwave frontend modules followed by digital signal processing hardware, software, and man-machine interface modules. The laboratory developed the expertise in design and development of each of these functional technologies and also subsequently integrating them towards rugged field deployable systems for user exploitation and induction into the Services. Over five decades, DLRL has developed the expertise and technical competence towards custom indigenous design, development, and production of critical MW technology modules over multi-octave bandwidths meeting the requirements of the Services. Towards this wide range of MW technologies ranging from components, RF frontend modules and multi-channel receiver modules were successfully realised, productionised, field installed, and being exploited by the tri-services. State-of-the-art technologies like LTCC modules, multi-chip modules, T/R modules, core-chip, T/R chips and phasedarray systems are also being developed and proposed to configure future systems with enhanced performance features. High Effective Radiated Power (ERP), fast reaction times, High DF accuracies and ability to handle multiple threats are the essential requirements of present day jammer systems. Conventional jammers using TWTs as transmitters along with high gain antenna are mounted on a servo pedestal to achieve wide angular coverage. State-ofthe-art next generation EW systems are configured with an active electronic scanned planar antenna array where, each element of the antenna is driven with a low power solid-state amplifier and the phase and amplitude of each element is controlled to form a single sum beam of narrow beam-width, with high gain using spatial combination technique. The active electronic planar antenna array facilitates to form the beam that can steer both in azimuth and elevation planes.

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Kanpur Ordnance Factory to Make Parts for Arjun

ew Delhi: Ordnance Factory, Kanpur, which is one of the 41 centres established under the aegis of Ordnance Factory Board, Ordnance Factory (OFC) Kanpur has been a supplier of arms and ammunition equipment to the Indian Army for over seven decades. Now, as per the

latest plans, this production centre along with the field-gun factory in Kanpur has been given the charge of manufacturing barrel and breach mechanism components for Arjun Tank Mark 1A. Alternatively named as 'Hunter Killer', the tank is being produced by using 100% indigenous technology.

According to reports, a total of 114 Arjun tanks have been ordered for development in the next three years. It is said that the two components occupy a significant position in determining the strength of the military vehicle. With the addition of 71 new features as compared to the old tank and an improved target range of 5 Km, the latest tank is being touted as a 'world-class' development. It is to be noted that the design and framework of this advanced tank have been prepared by the Defence Research & Development Organisation. The Indian Army currently has 124 old Arjun Tanks that have been deployed for usage on the India-Pakistan border in Jaisalmer. Evaluating the improvement areas of the old tanks, the army had recommended a list of 71 features that have been incorporated in the DRDO's revamped version of the Arjun Tank. The new tank comes with greater firing strength, precise target detection,

India–US Talks at Advanced Stage for 30 MQ-9B Drones

ew Delhi / Washington: The deal to procure 30 MQ-9B Predator armed drones by India are at an advanced stage, according to media reports. The discussions on the sale of 30 Predator armed drones, the first to a non-NATO ally by US have intensified and certain issues relating to weapon package, cost component and technology sharing are being sorted out. The major defence deal worth US $ 3 billion was announced in 2017. The longendurance-hunter-killer drones are being procured for the three services as they can carry out a variety of roles including maritime surveillance, anti-submarine warfare, over-the-horizon targeting and hitting stationary ground targets. These state-of-the-art drones, manufactured by General Atomics currently have no match in the defence industry. 140

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To monitor growing Chinese activities including frequent forays by PLA warships in the Indian Ocean Region, the Indian

Navy has been bolstering its surveillance mechanism. In 2020, the Indian Navy had taken on lease two MQ-9B Sea Guardian

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Tank transmission system amongst other provisions. Additionally, the tank can now spot the target on its own. With a crew consisting of commander, gunner, loader and driver, the tank would traverse its paths clearing all obstacles on the battlefield. Also, the tank contains the special facility to detect any chemical attack and an alarm that would warn of an impending nuclear bomb attack. It is noteworthy here than the defence manufacturing in Kanpur is all set to witness huge investments from the public and private sector companies in the near future. While notable government companies like HAL and Bharat Dynamics Limited are looking for lands for their proposed projects, five private companies have also planned to install defence production units in Kanpur.

Procurement drones from General Atomics for a period of one year for surveillance in the Indian Ocean. The lease period has been extended subsequently as they have performed very well. According to General Atomics, the MQ-9Bs are designed to not only meet the standards of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) but also to comply with civil airspace requirements in the US and around the world. The remotely piloted drones are capable of remaining airborne for around 35 hours. These drones have the ability to carry out long-range precision air strikes. They will add to India's growing inventory of USmade military equipment that includes attack helicopters, submarine-hunting aircraft and assault rifles.

HAL to Open Office in Malaysia

engaluru: Defence PSU, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) signed an MoU for establishing an office in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) in the presence of Dr. Ajay Kumar, Secretary, Defence. The MoU was signed by Mr Ravi K, GM, LCA, HAL and Major (R) Mohd Husairi Bin Mat Zain of Forte Drus, the official representative of HAL in Malaysia. Mr. B. N. Reddy, High Commissioner of India in Malaysia, Mr Sanjay Jaju, Additional Secretary (Defence Production) and others were present on the occasion. The office in Malaysia will help HAL in tapping the new business opportunities for Fighter Lead-in Trainer (FLIT) LCA and other requirements of Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) like Su-30 MKM and Hawk upgrades. It will reinforce commitment of India in supporting the Malaysian Defence Forces and industry for sustainable aerospace and defence landscape in Malaysia. HAL had submitted a proposal to Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), Malaysia during October 2021 for supply of 18 FLIT LCAs against a global tender issued by RMAF. The final winner of the tender is expected to be declared soon by Malaysian authorities. LCA Tejas stands a fair chance of selection in the bid as it meets all the parameters sought by RMAF. Further, being one of the largest producer of Russian origin Su-30 aircraft, HAL has capabilities to extend the required support to RMAF for Su-30 MKM fleet which is facing low serviceability issues due to ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis. HAL can support RMAF for upgrading their Hawk fleet as well. Other HAL platforms like HTT-40, Do-228, Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH), Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) etc., have the potential to be inducted by RMAF in future. Considering the above factors, HAL’s office in Kuala Lumpur will take up market promotion of HAL’s range of products and services not only in Malaysia but in the entire South East Asia. The office will also contribute in increasing serviceability of existing platforms being operated by RMAF and for neighbouring Air Forces in the region.

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Lockheed Martin, General Dynamics Will Compete for New Army Electronic Warfare Program Boeing Delivers Two Commercial Satellites to SES for ULA Launch EL SEGUNDO, California. Boeing has delivered two satellites for leading global content connectivity service provider SES to their launch site in Cape Canaveral, Florida, ahead of the upcoming launch of the twin spacecraft on a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket. The pair of all-electric 702SP (small platform) satellites are equipped with C-band payloads that will operate over the continental United States and help usher in the Federal Communications Commission’s 5G Fast initiative, which requires satellite operators such as SES to transition services from the lower 300 MHz to the upper 200 MHz of C-band spectrum for 5G mobile services. The new Boeing satellites are designed and intended to enable SES’s continued delivery of its C-band broadcast and radio services as well as critical data networks services in the coming months. SES-20 and SES-21 are the 14th and 15th satellites built by Boeing for SES. SES-20 and SES-21 went through rigorous environmental testing at Boeing’s satellite factory in El Segundo, California, including vibration, thermal vacuum, electromagnetic interference and acoustic testing. After arriving at their launch site in Cape Canaveral, Florida, the satellites will be encapsulated in their payload fairing for launch. They’ve already been integrated into a dual-launch configuration platform built by Boeing. Boeing has delivered more than 300 satellites to commercial and government customers globally, and continues to build adaptable satellites to meet changing business cases and fulfil even the most demanding missions. 142

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Washington: Leading American defence companies Lockheed Martin and General Dynamic Mission Systems have been awarded contracts by the US Army to kick off the first phase of a major electronic warfare program, the Terrestrial Layer SystemEchelons Above Brigade (TLS-EAB), the program office announced. TLS-EAB will give Army formations larger than brigades new, longer-range electronic warfare systems - an important capability as it seeks to both develop new long-range fires systems and to modernize a long-neglected electronic warfare toolset. The final design is expected to be truck-mounted, with an eye towards serving as a longrange sensing and jamming platform that will help Army leaders fight across the far distances of the Pacific. Lockheed and General Dynamics will share a $15 million other transaction agreements contract for the first phase of the program, which will last 11 months. Under that first phase, the companies will participate in a competitive developmental process, according to the press release from Program Executive Office for Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors, which manages the program. That will include “concept design, system design review and a software architecture demonstration.” The TLS-EAB platform will improve the service’s information superiority, targeting and long-range fires capabilities on the battlefield, a critical piece for joint all-domain operations, according to the PEO IEW&S website. This award is the first of five phases, according to an Army spokesperson. The second phase will be prototype build, test and integration; the third phase will examine production readiness and operational assessment; the fourth phase will see the Army equip and transition to a follow-on program; and the final phase will be the design and development of future material solutions. The total value of the OTA across the five phases is about $163 million, the release states. PEO IEW&S also recently awarded a contract to Lockheed Martin for the development of a brigade-level electronic warfare program, called TLS-Brigade Combat Team. TLS-BCT includes a suite of sensors that will mount onto vehicles and provide improved situational awareness, force protection capabilities, as well as offensive EW and cyber tools.

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HAL-L&T Consortium Bags `860 Crore Contract for PSLV CARACAL Showcases Bespoke Hunting Rifles and Gold ‘Spirit of the Emirates’ Pistol Abu Dhabi, UAE: CARACAL, a leading small arms manufacturer and entity within EDGE, one of the top 25 advanced technology and defence groups in the world, is showcasing a collection of superior custom hunting rifles and a pistol, in addition to displaying their range of high-performance pistols, submachine guns, and assault and sniper rifles at the Abu Dhabi International Hunting and Equestrian Exhibition (ADIHEX 2022). Marking its 15th appearance at the event, which is running from 26 September to 2 October at the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre (ADNEC), CARACAL, with the help of its subsidiary MERKEL, a German producer of luxury hunting rifles, has unveiled three hand-made HELIX Custom hunting rifles featuring arabesque designs, and engravings on the system casing, pistol grip cap and cocking lever. The first rifle features the Arabian Caracal, a wild cat native to parts of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa. The second rifle is inspired by the desert landscape of the UAE’s Empty Quarter. The third rifle features the new Museum of the Future in Dubai, also framed with desert scenes. Adding to the elegance of these pieces, the triggers are gold plated and the straight comb, German cheek piece stocks are made from the finest walnut wood from the high regions of the Caucasus. Hamad Alameri, CEO of CARACAL, said: “Our custom hunting rifle display at ADIHEX has become a tradition over the past few years. Building on the event’s theme of ‘Sustainability and Heritage… A Reborn Aspiration’, we chose to create three uniquely UAE designs that perfectly reflect the heritage and aspirations of our country.” CARACAL is also showcasing a unique ‘Spirit of the Emirates’ pistol. Chambered in 9x19mm Luger, the pistol features 24 carat gold-inlay engraving and plating. Arabic calligraphy forming the shape of a falcon is engraved on the slide, with the word CARACAL in Arabic engraved on the upper frame. The muzzle, trigger, magazine, magazine release, slide stop, hammer, ejection port, tang and grip screw are gold plated, with an aerospace alloy frame grip and high tensile steel slide and upper frame. The pistol is presented in a case made of exotic woods, and a lid encrusted with a ‘Spirit of the Emirates’ logo formed by Diwani calligraphy. ADIHEX is the largest exhibition for hunting, equestrian, and heritage preservation in the Middle East and Africa region. The highly celebrated annual event attracts over 105,000 local and global visitors to explore the latest technologies, innovations, and trends in equestrian, hunting, camping, traditional and modern hunting. As a sector sponsor, ADIHEX 2022 offers CARACAL the opportunity to deepen its affinity with the UAE public, feature its trailblazing small arms, and highlight its global presence and reputation.

Bengaluru: HAL-L&T consortium bagged Rs 860 crore contract for end-to-end realisation of five Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles (PSLV) over a period of four years from the NewSpace India Limited (NSIL). The contract was exchanged on September 5 between HAL and NSIL during the inaugural session of the 7th Bengaluru Space Expo 2022 at the Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC). Over the years, ISRO’s PSLV, has successfully performed more than 52 successful flights and the vehicle has since attained its operational status. ISRO formed a separate entity NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) with primary mandate of enabling Indian industries to scale up hightechnology manufacturing and production base for meeting the needs of the Indian space programme. As part of its mandate NSIL had invited Expression of Interest (EoI) on August 16, 2019, for realisation of five PSLV-XL Launch Vehicles by Indian industry. Based on competitive bidding HAL led consortium emerged as the successful bidder. The contract will mark industry's maiden foray into end-to-end production of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles (PSLVs) – the versatile workhorse launch vehicle. The consortium will now be responsible for producing, assembling and integrating the launcher by making use of the existing ISRO facilities under GOCO (Government Owned, Contractor Operated) model.

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Boeing University Innovation Leadership Development Program 2022 Now Open

engaluru. Boeing India September 5 announced the Boeing University Innovation Leadership Development (BUILD) program for 2022 open, inviting applications from university students and early stage startups across the country. The program is aimed at encouraging young entrepreneurial minds to develop ideas that can be converted into viable business offerings, aligned with Boeing’s vision of contributing to India’s robust startup culture. Boeing has partnered with seven incubators: IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, IIT Gandhinagar, IIT Madras, IISC Bangalore, T-Hub Hyderabad, and KIIT Bhubaneswar. Applicants are invited to submit ideas in the fields of mobility, space, connectivity, Industry 4.0 technology, enterprise digital solutions, sustainability, and

data analytics/AI. The shortlisted teams will compete at a regional level and the finalists will pitch their ideas to subject-matter experts on Boeing Innovation Day, to be held in February 2023. The winners will stand a chance to win cash prizes. Boeing mentors and industry experts will interact and closely work with the finalists to refine and suggest ways to convert ideas into viable business offerings. Interested students and entrepreneurs can apply to the BUILD program at www.boeing.co.in/build. The deadline for idea submissions is

October 31, 2022. In 2019, BUILD attracted a record number of entrants with more than 850 innovator teams applying from tier 1, tier 2, and tier 3 cities across India. Boeing India has been helping contribute to skill development and capability building in the country

up efforts in recent years to develop tailored solutions for the armed forces. On September 22, an indigenous loitering munition developed by Tata

Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) successfully demonstrated its strike capability during tests conducted at Pokhran. Capable of operating from difficult terrain and high altitude areas, the autonomous system is designed for Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) and will soon be inducted into the armed forces. According to sources the system - named ALS 50 - accurately hit the ground target with an explosive warhead during trials. The ALS 50 which can take off like a quadcopter and transitions into fixed wing mode during flight for long distance travel - has also demonstrated its ability to operate from high altitude areas during tests in Ladakh earlier this year. The ALS 50 - developed by a team

TASL-Developed Indigenous Loitering Munition Successfully Demonstrates its Strike Capability

ew Delhi: The policy initiatives steered by the Defence Ministry has motivated and helped the private industry to scale

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to Indian Startups over the years with other programs such as the HorizonX India Innovation Challenge and Accelerated Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Apprenticeship as well. Boeing is focused on delivering value to Indian customers with advanced technologies and is committed to creating sustainable value in the Indian aerospace sector – developing local suppliers, and shaping academic and research collaborations with Indian institutions. Boeing has strengthened its supply chain with more than 300 partners in India and a joint venture to manufacture fuselages for Apache helicopters and vertical fin structures for the 737 family of airplanes. Annual sourcing from India stands at approximately $1 billion. of young engineers at TASL, has an autonomous targeting system that can accurately identify and home into a pre-determined target. The system can also be scaled up to increase range and payload capability, as per requirements of the armed forces. Future development can also include integration of Artificial Intelligence and swarming capabilities. The VTOL capability gives the system the ability to operate in areas where limited space is available, like narrow valleys, fortified mountain positions, small jungle clearings and the decks of warships. The armed forces have been looking to induct a range of loitering munitions - relatively low cost 'suicide drones' that can be used to accurately take down high value targets like command centres, missile launchers and enemy armour.

GE’s LM2500 Engines: Powering India’s First Indigenous Aircraft Carrier

VENDALE, OHIO. The Indian Navy’s newest carrier, the Vikrant, was commissioned September 2 with four LM2500 engines powering the ship with 88 MW giving it a maximum speed of 28 knots. The addition of the Vikrant to the Indian Navy’s fleet is a significant accomplishment for the Government’s “Make in India” initiative, as 76% of the content is indigenous, adding India to an elite group of nations with indigenous aircraft carriers (IAC). With the commissioning of the Vikrant, the Indian Navy has 18 GE Marine engines in service, with additional engines in production to support the ongoing Project 17A ship construction. The IAC project started in 2007, and when selected, GE Marine announced the LM2500 marine gas turbines would power the ship and be built by Indian partner Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). The 262-meter-long carrier has 14 decks, can accommodate a crew of 1,700, and is capable of operating 30 aircraft. The Vikrant underwent four phases of sea trials of major equipment and systems between August 2021 and July 2022. GE Marine’s gas turbine business is part of GE Aviation, and is headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio. GE is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of marine propulsion products, systems and solutions including aero derivative gas turbines ranging from 6,100 to 70,656 shaft horsepower/4.6 to 52.7 megawatts. For more than 30 years, GE has worked with HAL, which assembles, inspects, and tests all LM2500 gas turbines built for the Indian Navy. The LM2500 gas turbine kits were manufactured at GE's Evendale, Ohio, facility and assembled and tested by HAL's Industrial & Marine Gas Turbine Division in Bangalore, India. HAL is one of the world's leading aerospace companies involved in the manufacture and maintenance of aircraft, helicopters, avionics and aerospace defence equipment. With the world’s most market-dominant gas turbine from GE, the Indian Navy and 39 other navies around the globe have worldwide support, whether onshore or at sea, and interoperability benefits with other allied ships. GE has delivered gas turbines onboard 633 naval ships worldwide and provides 95% of the commissioned propulsion gas turbines in the United States Navy fleet. With the LM2500’s outstanding track record of being ready for the fight, coupled with its ease of maintenance and global support, the LM2500 continues to be the gas turbine of choice of the world’s navies.

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French Navy Takes Delivery of First H160 for Search and

arignane. The French Navy has taken delivery of the first of six H160s that will perform search and rescue (SAR) missions. The aircraft is part of the interim fleet that will be delivered by the partnership formed between Airbus Helicopters, Babcock, and Safran Helicopter Engines. In 2020 the French Armament General Directorate (DGA) signed a contract with Airbus Helicopters, Babcock, and Safran for the delivery of four H160s in a search and rescue (SAR) configuration. In 2021, the DGA confirmed an option for two more H160s. The first H160 for the French Navy was delivered to Babcock by Airbus Helicopters in May 2022. It has since then been modified into a light military configuration by Babcock. The modular cabin was also adapted for SAR operations and a Safran Euroflir 410 electro optical system was integrated. The H160 will gradually start operating

from the Lanveoc-Poulmic naval air station (Brittany), Cherbourg airport (Normandy), and the naval air station in Hyères (Provence). The interim fleet of H160s will ensure critical search and rescue missions while awaiting the delivery of

the H160M Guépard. In the frame of the French Joint Light Helicopter (Hélicoptère Interarmées Léger: HIL) programme, 169 H160M Guépards are foreseen to replace five types of helicopters in service with the French armed forces. The French Navy’s

India to Develop New Indigenous AESA Radar, Su-30MKI

ew Delhi: The Ministry of Defence has chalked out an ambitious plan of equipping over 270 Sukhoi Su-30MKI combat aircraft from the inventory of the Indian Air Force with a new AESA radar. A new version of an active electronically scanned array [AESA] 146

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radar is already under development. The DRDO and the Indian Air Force will jointly finance the project, with the latter providing the majority of funding. The air force green lit the project after assessing UTTAM’s progress and performance. The service will lend a few Su-30

MKIs for the radar’s “development, integration, flight-testing and certification,” a report said quoting defence sources. According to officials familiar with the development, the new radar will be ready by 2024. The first flight tests of Su30MKI with the radar are planned. 2026 is the deadline set by MoD for the full operation of the new radar. If New Delhi succeeds in integrating these radar on the Russian fighter jets, then Moscow will stand to lose billions of dollars. The Su-30MKI is the backbone of India’s air combat capability. But India has invested heavily in the development of its indigenous TEJAS fighter. An AESA radar will allow New Delhi to improve the radar capabilities of its indigenously produced fighter jets as well. Perhaps this is why DRDO has decided that the future AESA radar will be based on the already existing UTTAM radar. The upgrade of India’s Su-30MKI will improve flight control. A positive

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Rescue Missions operational feedback with these H160s will benefit the design of the military version of the aircraft and its associated support system. Babcock, in partnership with Airbus Helicopters and Safran Helicopters Engines, will ensure the highest level of availability for the French Navy and the continuity of SAR operations on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean coasts. Built by Airbus Helicopters, the H160 is certified for the use of night vision goggles, which are necessary for winching operations at night. The H160, as a next generation medium twin engine aircraft, powered by Arrano engines, is modular by design in order to address missions ranging from offshore transportation, private and business aviation, emergency medical services, and public services.

to be Equipped effect will also be seen in the integration of hypersonic missiles in Indian fighter jets. The latter project, however, depends on Moscow, as the two countries work together to develop and upgrade the BrahMos missile. However, if India manages to produce a relatively stable AESA radar, the Su30MKI will establish itself as one of the best fighter jets not only in South Asia but the entire world. In truth, the Su-30MKI is one of the best-quality variants of the Su-30, which has an amalgamation of technologies from Indian, French and Israeli sources. UTTAM AESA radar is maintenance friendly and is better in terms of operational life. Not only this, it can perform 16 different kinds of operations and can also work as a simultaneous multimode radar.

Deal Worth `1,700 Cr Signed for Additional BRAHMOS Missiles Supply to Indian Navy’s Warships

ew Delhi: The Defence ministry's acquisitions wing and the BrahMos Aerospace Pvt Ltd signed an Rs 1,700-crore agreement for the supply of additional BRAHMOS supersonic cruise missiles on September 22. With this the worth of total contracts signed so far for these missiles exceeds Rs 38,000 crore. “Induction of these missiles will further enhance the Navy’s operational capability. The contract will also boost indigenous production of the critical weapon system and ammunition, with active participation of the domestic industry,” according to a media report that quoted a defence ministry official. BRAHMOS missiles fly at Mach 2.8 and are now the precision-strike conventional (non-nuclear) weapon. The “dual role” surface-to-surface missiles (capable of both land attack and anti-ship attacks) have a strike range of 290-km. They are meant for use by Indian Navy's main warships. Ten frontline warships of the Navy are already armed with the missiles, while the vertical launch systems have also been installed on another five warships. The range of BRAHMOS missiles, jointly produced by Russia, has also been extended from the original 290-km to 350-400-km now, while an 800-km variant is also in the works. INS Visakhapatnam, the Navy’s latest guided-missile destroyer, had successfully tested BRAHMOS extended range version in January. The Army has deployed its BRAHMOS missile batteries Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh along with other weapon systems. The Air Force has inducted two land-based BRAHMOS squadrons. The air-launched version is being fitted on Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jets in a progressive manner.

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Swedish Defence Major

IAF’s First LCH Squadron Raised at Jodhpur, Ten LCHs Inducted on October 3

ew Delhi: Coinciding with Air Force Day on October 8, the Indian Air Force (IAF) formally raised its first unit of indigenous Light Combat Helicopters (LCHs) on October 3 in Jodhpur. The induction ceremony was led by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. The first unit comprises of ten LCHs. The LCHs inducted into the force is capable of aerial combat and will help the force combat slow-moving aircraft, drones and armoured columns during conflicts. Of the 15 limited series production helicopters approved, 10 are for the IAF and five for the army. It can land and take off from an altitude of 5,000 metres with weapons and fuel. The choppers have been flown extensively in Ladakh and the desert sector to meet the requirements of the armed forces. In March 2022, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) had approved procurement of 15 Limited Series Production (LSP) variants of the LCH at the cost of Rs 3,887 crore along with infrastructure sanctions worth Rs 377 crore. The IAF operates the older Russian Mi-25 and Mi-35 attack helicopters, of which one squadron has been phased out following the induction of 22 Boeing AH-64E Apache attack helicopters. According to a defence official, the 148

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existing Mi-35 squadron is in the process of being sent for overhaul which will extend its life by many years. The IAF has inducted multiple helicopters to its fleet in the last three-four years with the induction of the Chinooks, Apache attack helicopters and now the LCHs. The IAF is now also deploying women pilots in Chinook choppers carrying routine supply missions to the northern and eastern borders. In June 2022, the Army raised its first LCH squadron in Bengaluru. The unit will move to Eastern Command along the Line of Actual Control (LCH) on completion of the raising next year. The Army plans to acquire 95 LCHs of which seven units, each having 10 helicopters, are planned to be deployed for combat role in the mountains. According to the Defence Ministry statement, the LCH LSP is an indigenously designed, developed and manufactured state-of-the-art modern combat helicopter containing approximately 45% indigenous content by value which will progressively increase to more than 55% for Series Production Version. The LCH is the first dedicated attack helicopter of the Army, which otherwise operates 75 Rudra helicopters, the weaponised variant of the indigenous Advanced Light Helicopter.

ew Delhi: In keeping with the government’s policy of “Make in India” in the defence sector, Swedish defence major SAAB on September 27 announced plans to manufacture its CarlGustaf M4 weapon system in India. The manufacturing would be done by a new fully SAAB-owned subsidiary, Saab FFV India Pvt Ltd. “This is the first time we will be setting up a manufacturing facility for this outside Sweden,” said Gorgen Johansson, senior vicepresident, SAAB, in an interaction with the media. “We will transfer the technology to India. The first product will roll out in 2024.” However, they are yet to receive the government approval for the new venture, Johansson said, while declining to give details on the volume of investment and the production capacities planned. The location of the new facility is yet to be decided and they will have competition for it, he added. The Indian Army has already ordered the M4 version, he said in response to a question. Johansson said the company would first meet

Naval Group and the IIT Goa are

rest. Naval Group and the Indian Institute of Technology Goa (IIT Goa) signed a collaboration agreement, in presence of the Indian Ambassador H.E. Jawed Ashraf and the Mayor of Brest, François Cuillandre at Sea Tech Week®. The joint research to be conducted aims to improve the analysis of data collected by underwater sensors, using neural systems and Artificial Intelligence. Sea Tech Week® 2022 in Brest, whose featured country is India, is an opportunity to extend the existing cooperation between Naval Group and the IIT Goa in field of research and development (R&D). Today, Naval Group and IIT Goa signed an agreement as part of the GOAT (Goa Atlantic cooperation in Marine Science and Engineering) program, initiated during the Indo-French Knowledge summit in 2019, for exchange in education, research and innovation in the field of marine science and technology.

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Saab to Manufacture Carl-Gustaf M4 Weapon System in India requirements of the Indian armed forces, and later look at exporting the sub systems to Sweden from where they would go into the global supply chain. The new facility would be partnering with Indian sub-suppliers which will fulfil the ‘Make in India’ requirements and will also generate jobs, he stated. The Army has been using the iconic Carl-Gustaf since 1976 and currently operates the Mk2 and Mk3 versions. The Carl Gustaf has ammunition with varying ranges with a maximum of 1,500 m. The anti-tank ammunition has a range of 500 m. The manufacturing set-up is planned to include the M4 weapon system, key technologies such as carbon fibre winding for M3 and M4, brand new Fire Control Device launched this year and the M3 barrel assembly, the company said. Stating that the trigger for the decision was that they needed more production capacities, Johansson said over time all components of the Mk4 would be manufactured in India. Responding to

questions on meeting Indian export licence requirements for export to third countries, Johansson said they would comply with the laws, while adding that for exports to third countries, Sweden would be responsible for the end-user certificate. The older versions of the Carl Gustaf and older ammunition are manufactured in India

by the Ordnance Factory Board and now by the newly carved out Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSU). Company officials said the DPSUs would continue to manufacture them. The company could also use the ordnance factory supply chain for the new manufacturing set-up, Johansson said.

Extending Their Cooperation in the Field of Underwater Signal Resolutions Improvement Highlighting the fruitful cooperation between India and France

Jointly increasing the resolution of underwater imagery

Within the framework of this cooperation, specific study by Indian researchers with French technical experts will be conducted to extend the understanding of the technologies, in order to improve future industrial applications including underwater surveillance, submarine

imaging and drones. The R&D project aims to study the underwater signal-to-noise ratio of, by analysing raw data collected by sensors using either neural systems or Artificial Intelligence, to increase the resolution of underwater imagery for the needs of offshore applications or for the installation, maintenance, detection of any submerged structure among others.

This project contributes to the strong bilateral ties based on mutual trust and cooperation between India and France. François CUILLANDRE, Mayor of Brest, said: "It is a great pride to celebrate concrete steps forward in the cooperation, which can be considered already very successful and continuously being developed with India. It is apt rendition of our fondness towards India, which we are pleased to have as an honorary member of Sea Tech Week 2022. It is an honour for the city of Brest to be the starting point for future synergies and powerful exchanges in field of important technologies between our two countries, serving meaningful needs for both France and India.”

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in news IIT, Kanpur and BHEL to Collaborate on R&D, Manufacturing of Components, Sub-Assemblies and Systems for Defence and Aerospace Sector

IAI Subsidiary ELTA Signs MoU with Babcock, To Provide Advanced Radar for UK MoD’s SERPENS Programme Tel Aviv: ELTA, the electronics subsidiary of Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) signed a memorandum of understanding with British company Babcock. The Israeli company will provide an advanced radar for the UK Ministry of Defence’s SERPENS programme. SERPENS is the British MoD’s next generation weapon locating system with a digitally networked suite of sensor systems that detect hostile mortars, artillery and rockets. The collaboration will offer IAIELTA’s highly capable and battle proven Compact Multi Mission Radar (C-MMR) system, which will be partly produced and assembled in the UK. The C-MMR is designed for Air Defence and Artillery Weapon Location missions, with the radar locating hostile weapon locations and calculating impact and launching points in real time. The radar implements advanced 3D Active Electronically Steered Array (AESA) antenna technology. Dr Richard Drake, Babcock’s Chief Technology Officer, said: “We are delighted to announce our partnership with IAI-ELTA to provide a deep find radar solution for the UK Ministry of Defence’s SERPENS programme. “Babcock is proud to provide class-leading technology to our customers and with IAI-ELTA’s battle proven C-MMR system, we have a capable, affordable and available solution.” 150

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New Delhi: Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) to collaborate on research and development (R&D), and manufacturing and supplying components, sub-assemblies, and systems to India’s defence and aerospace sector. As part of the MoU, a working group with members from both organisations will be formed to oversee the areas of collaboration. Cybersecurity, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) engines, anti-UAV technologies, and manufacturing of composite fixed-wing UAVs of the Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) category are some of the areas on which the two organisations will work together. IIT-Kanpur claims that it has been involved in various “strategic partnerships and multi-disciplinary collaborations” with government agencies and private companies in the two sectors.

General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Tests PT6 E-Series Engine from Pratt and Whitney on MQ-9B RPA SAN DIEGO. On July 29, 2022, General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. (GA-ASI) tested a PT6 E-Series model turboprop engine from Pratt & Whitney Canada on GA-ASI’s MQ-9B Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). Multiple full-power engine tests were performed at GA-ASI’s Desert Horizon flight operations facility in El Mirage, Calif. The PT6 E-Series is a reliable and versatile turboprop engine family that will deliver the performance characteristics required as GA-ASI continues its development of MQ-9B capabilities. MQ-9B represents the next generation of RPA system having demonstrated airborne endurance of more than 40 hours in certain configurations, automatic takeoffs and landings under SATCOM-only control, as well as a GA-ASI developed Detect and Avoid system. Its development is the result of a company-funded effort to deliver an RPA that can meet the stringent airworthiness certification requirements of various military and civil authorities. GA-ASI has enjoyed a long-term collaboration with Pratt & Whitney for over a decade with their turbofan engine for GA-ASI’s MQ-20 Avenger RPA.

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Boeing, Nammo Complete Long-Range Ramjet Artillery Test ARLINGTON, Va.: Boeing and Norwegian defence and aerospace company Nammo have successfully test-fired a ramjet-powered artillery projectile, further demonstrating the viability of one of the U.S. Army’s modernization priorities – long-range precision fires. During the June 28 test at the Andøya Test Centre in Norway, a Boeing Ramjet 155 projectile was fired out of a cannon and its ramjet engine ignited successfully. It demonstrated flight stability with a well-controlled engine combustion process. The long-range test at Andøya follows years of research, development and testing

by Boeing and Nammo of ramjet technology, including more than 450 static or short-range tests. Boeing Phantom Works and Nammo have been working together under a strategic partnership to jointly develop and produce the next generation of boosted artillery

projectiles. In July 2019, the Boeing-Nammo team was awarded a contract under the U.S. Army’s XM1155 program to develop and mature the Ramjet 155 projectile. In May 2021, the team was awarded a Phase II technology development contract. Ramjet 155 uses an engine in which the air drawn in for combustion is compressed solely by the forward motion of the projectile at supersonic speeds. Considered a hybrid between guided artillery and missiles, the program has an objective of a common round design that can be used in L39 and L58 cannons. The team continues to develop and mature the technology, with further testing and demonstrations planned in the coming months.

Jatayu’s Indigenous Combat UAV Aim-X Successfully Tested Indian Army Issues RFI for Procurement of Carbines, Bullet-Proof Jackets

Mumbai: Mumbai based start-up Jatayu Unmanned Systems successfully tested its indigenously manufactured Combat Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (CUAV) in a field test carried out in cooperation with the law enforcement agencies in Mumbai. A standard issue assault rifle weapon was live-fired mounted on a UAV platform. According to the company statement, it has been producing drones for use in the military and referred to its CUAV as “India’s First Combat-Ready UAV”. It further added that the drone was designed and created locally utilising cutting-edge precision manufacturing methods. The Jatayu drone features a separate ground control station and may also be operated remotely through satellite. The UAV Jatayu Aim-X was showcased and launched at the Bharat Drone Mahotsav 2022 held in New Delhi earlier this year. The company statement quoting Capt Aman Johri, Chief Executive Officer stated: “Jatayu Aim-X is a fully ‘Make in India’ UAV platform and has been built specifically for the Indian scenario.” The company CEO, Aman Johri highlighting India’s need to be prepared for the emerging threats in the future, says that the UAV platform built locally will help in saving critical lives on the frontlines. In the coming weeks, the company is set to test their platform with other units of the Indian Army. Eyeing to position itself as a global drone hub by 2030, India needs around 100,000 drone pilots in coming years to achieve the milestone.

New Delhi: Seeking response from vendors, Indian Army has issued two Request for Information (RFI) on its website September 22 for the procurement of 4.25 lakh close-quarter battle (CQB) carbines and 47,627 bullet-proof jackets (BPJ). The due date to submit responses is October 21, 2022. The RFI for close-quarter battle (CQB) carbines said, “After signing of the contract, the quantity required should be delivered commencing earliest but not later than eight months and completing earliest but not later than 60 months. The vendors should confirm if they can deliver the requisite quantity of CQB carbine within the stipulated timeframe.” The RFI on the operational characteristics of the carbine stated that the CQB carbines should fire the in-Service Indian 5.56 x 45mm ammunition and have an effective range of not less than 200 metres. Weight of the carbine without magazine and accessories should not exceed 3 Kgs + 10% and it should have a minimum service life of 15 years or 15,000 rounds whichever is earlier. The RFI for bulletproof jackets (BPJs) said, “After signing of the contract, the quantity required should be delivered commencing earliest but not later than six months and completing earliest but not later than 24 months.” The tentative timeline of issue of Request for Proposal (RFP) is November 2022, according to both the RFIs. The efforts by the government to open up ammunition to the private sector in last few years have attracted several Indian companies. These companies have invested in the small arms segment and have started production as well eyeing the large requirement. Raksha Anirveda | october - December 2022

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in news Sparton, an Elbit Systems of America Company Receives US Navy’s MADOC Vendor Status Tel Aviv: Sparton, an Elbit Systems of America company, announced August 17 that it had received a vendor status under the United States Navy’s Sonobuoy Multiple Award Delivery Order Contract (MADOC). With MADOC vendor status, Sparton qualifies to compete for annual delivery orders for each Sonobuoy variant that may be needed by the service. Sparton has been a trusted Sonobuoy supplier since 1951. Sonobuoys are expendable sensors deployed by Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) aircraft and used to detect underwater sound. Sparton is a world leader in the design, development, testing and production of complex maritime electronic systems including Sonobuoys in support of ASW. Sparton was purchased by Elbit Systems of America in 2021, adding their extensive maritime capabilities to the company’s diverse enterprise that spans airborne and land-based solutions, homeland security, medical instrumentation, and more.

Rafael Acquires Newcastle Based Pearson Engineering as Part of Its Strategic Expansion in the UK

Lockheed Martin Delivers Integrated Multi-Mission Laser Weapon System To The Navy SAN DIEGO. Lockheed Martin delivered to the US Navy a 60+ kW-class high energy laser with integrated optical-dazzler and surveillance (HELIOS), the first tactical laser weapon system to be integrated into existing ships and provide directed energy capability to the fleet. Integrated and scalable by design, the multi-mission HELIOS system will provide tactically relevant laser weapon system warfighting capability as a key element of a layered defence architecture.“Lockheed Martin and the US Navy share a common vision and enthusiasm for developing and providing disruptive laser weapon systems,” said Rick Cordaro, vice president, Lockheed Martin Advanced Product Solutions. “HELIOS enhances the overall combat system effectiveness of the ship to deter future threats and provide additional protection for Sailors, and we understand we must provide scalable solutions customized to the Navy’s priorities.” HELIOS is a transformational new weapon system providing an additional layer of protection for the fleet with its deep magazine, low-cost per kill, speed of light delivery and precision response. 152

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Tel Aviv: Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. has completed the acquisition of Pearson Engineering Ltd. (PER). The acquisition was executed under a stock purchase agreement (SPA), transferring 100% of the ownership. The acquisition includes PER’s subsidiary company Responsive Engineering Ltd. For more than three decades, Pearson Engineering has provided Armed Forces with the mobility and counter-mobility equipment they need to succeed in their missions around the world. Pearson Engineering is recognised around the world for its contribution to armoured vehicle programmes. Its design products help combat forces to defend, move and fight and to adapt quickly to maintain their battlefield advantage. Pearson’s innovative approach in providing ‘scalable battlefield mobility’ is based on delivering attachments for armoured vehicles which enhance their agility, adaptability and flexibility and which provide essential mission capabilities to Commanders. Located at Armstrong Works in Newcastle, which is a purpose-built armoured vehicle manufacturing facility. Together with daughter company, Responsive Engineering, it combines its armoured vehicle experience with our class-leading manufacturing expertise, to also provide manufacturing, assembly, integration and test services for armoured vehicle programmes.

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BEL Signs MoU with Smiths Detection India to Manufacture High-Energy Scanning Systems in India Bangalore. Navratna Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) on August 30, 2022, signed a MoU with Smiths Detection, a global leader in threat detection and security inspection technologies, for offering advanced, high-energy scanning systems to the Indian market. The MoU will leverage the high-end, technological capabilities of both the firms to meet India’s domestic security needs. It has been signed in line with the Indian Government’s ‘Make in India’ initiative, which seeks to increase manufacturing activities in India. With a marked increase in movement of people and goods at critical infrastructure, land borders and urban sensitive points, there is a growing requirement for screening technologies in India. To facilitate ease of doing business and enhance safety, the Indian Government is investing in port and land border security. Moreover, the requirement for industryleading high-energy scanning technology is being driven by Defence installations, which need to screen large volumes of vehicles and

Mr Bhanu Prakash Srivastava, Director (Other Units), BEL, and Mr Vikrant Trilokekar, Managing Director of Smiths Detection in India, display the MoU signed between BEL and Smiths Detection, in the presence of Mr Suryanarayana Murthy G, GM (Pune), BEL, and other senior officers, at BEL Corporate Office, Bangalore

impose restricted entry at sensitive areas. BEL will handle front-end requirements in the market, supporting localization of the projects. Smiths Detection will provide its state-of-the-

art screening technology and technological expertise for the project. The MoU is for a period of five years and can be extended further by mutual consent.

Thales Alenia Space Partner with Eutelsat to Deliver High-speed Broadband Across Europe Using EUTELSAT KONNECT VHTS Communications Satellite New Delhi. Thales Alenia Space (Thales 67%, Leonardo 33%) will support the delivery of high- speed broadband across Europe as well as connectivity services by providing the SpaceGate ground connectivity solution to EUTELSAT KONNECT VHTS satellite. Thales Alenia Space already developed for Eutelsat the digital EUTELSAT KONNECT VHTS satellite based on the full electric Spacebus NEO platform and expected to be launched September 6th, 2022. The SpaceGate satellite access network solution, designed for High Throughput and Very High Throughput satellites, will provide a wideband connectivity with the best spectral efficiency, significantly increasing the EUTELSAT KONNECT VHTS ground segment performances. It is composed of baseband equipment to be deployed in the Eutelsat ground stations as well as terminals, allowing internet connectivity over fiber-less areas thanks to the satellite. The SpaceGate’s flexible and modular solution has been developed with the support of French and European Space Agency’s CNES and ESA research & development programs, Cyber secured by Thales design, SpaceGate is also adapted to Software Defined Satellites including constellations. Bridging the Digital Divide: Eutelsat KONNECT VHTS will provide high-speed Internet access everywhere in Europe, especially in isolated regions with poor coverage, delivering service on a par with fiber-optic networks in terms of performance and cost. With instantaneous throughput of 500 Gbps across Europe, EUTELSAT KONNECT VHTS will make a significant contribution to bridging the digital divide. It will embark the most powerful onboard digital processor ever put in orbit, offering capacity allocation flexibility, optimal spectrum use, and progressive ground network deployment. Raksha Anirveda | october - December 2022

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in news Saab Receives Orders from FMV Regarding Submarine Upgrades

BEL reaches out to potential investors in Middle East BANGALORE. Navratna defence PSU Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) is participating in the Investors Outreach Program in the Middle East (Dubai & Abu Dhabi) under the aegis of the Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM) and the Ministry of Defence (MoD), from September 12 -15, 2022. Dinesh Kumar Batra, CMD, Director (Finance) & CFO, has been making presentations to potential investors in Dubai and Abu Dhabi on why they should invest in BEL. Mr Batra shared with investors that BEL has a strong Order Book and has been showing consistent growth in Profit over the last 3 years; has been active in various Government of India indigenisation initiatives like Atmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India, which have good business potential; is a R&D and technology driven company manufacturing key defence systems, products / solutions; and has worldclass manufacturing infrastructure. He pointed out that BEL has an ICRA Credit Rating of AAA (Stable – Long Term) and A1+ (Short Term); has consistent performance in terms of Revenue and Profitability, a robust Balance Sheet, Zero Debt, Positive Cash Flow and rewards shareholders with high dividends every year. Bonus Shares in 2:1 ratio were announced by BEL in August 2022. BEL’s market cap has increased from USD 6,050 million to USD 10,100 million in the last year, Mr Batra highlighted to investors. BEL has diversified into Arms & Ammunitions, Seekers & Missiles, Network & Cyber Security and Unmanned Systems, Medical Electronics, Railway / Metro / Airport Solutions, Space Electronics and systems, Electric Vehicle charging infrastructure, Alternate Energy solutions, Secure Communication solutions and Software. 154

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Sweden. Saab has received new orders from FMV regarding submarine upgrades. The orders include a life-time extension of HMS Södermanland, as well as new batteries and battery development. The total order value is SEK 470 million. The life-time extension means that the submarine HMS Södermanland will receive around 50 modifications, prolonging and enhancing her operability for a further six years. The orders also include an exchange of batteries for the Swedish Navy’s current submarine fleet, as well as a project focusing on battery development, to ensure capabilities both at present and long-term.

RattanIndia Announces Launch of Its Cutting Edge Advanced Drone ‘Defender’ New Delhi. RattanIndia Enterprises Ltd. (REL), a leading Company that is into new-age businesses including electric motorcycles, drone solutions, e-commerce and fintech, announced the launch of ‘Defender’ by its company TAS (Throttle Aerospace Systems). The unveiling took place at the hands of Minister, Gen. V.K. Singh, MOS, Civil Aviation, Govt. of India at Air Force Auditorium, Subroto Park, Delhi during the ‘Unmanned Aerial Systems India, 2022’ event. Defender is an indigenously developed tracking and capturing system for rogue drones. Defender is loaded with 13 pre-programmed AI features to neutralize the rogue drones. With rising instances of drone-based aerial threats to restricted installations under defence and private airspace, this solution will provide a first-of-a-kind capability to the Indian defence establishment to get rid of rogue drones flying over unauthorized airspace. TAS product is developed with AI (artificial intelligence) capabilities to take real-time decisions to facilitate the capture and subsequent retrieval of drones. Defender employs a soft kill approach wherein a net capture mechanism is utilized. Defender is thus able to instantaneously neutralize emergent threat before it can render any harm. Moving at top speeds of 26 m/s (or km/hr) with range up to 20 kms in a single flight, the fast response time of Defender will considerably limit the potential of the rogue drone to inflict damage. Most importantly, this will be manufactured completely in India using indigenous technologies and will contribute to the ‘Make in India’ program. Defence forces and private industry largely rely on imported drones, acquired at a significantly higher cost to defend assets. ‘Done Defender’ envisions a local solution, at a highly competitive operating cost. TAS is aligned to undertake manufacture and sales of initial batches of the product in the coming weeks and is in dialogue with select institutions for pre-sales demonstrations. ‘Drone Defender’ is the 4th novel product to join the repertoire of TAS’s defence drones. TAS has been the first company to successfully complete BVLOS (beyond visual line of sight) pilot, flying with a delivery load of 5kg. It has gained experience and commercial competence in defence segment through surveillance and logistics drone systems.

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Indian Startup Paninian Begins Development of Prototype Aeroengine New Delhi: In a massive boost to indigenous defence technology, a private start-up is inching closer to developing an indigenous engine to power cruise missiles and larger unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that could stop the country’s dependence on foreign firms. The Hyderabad-headquartered Paninian India Private Limited, has completed the “conceptual validation” of its 4.5 KN Turbojet Engine and the prototype development has started. The engine is further being developed into a new family in the range of 3-12 kilo newtons (kN) thrust, along with Artificial Intelligence (AI) augmented digital twin companions. AI augmented Digital Twins are meant for legacy engine performance modelling and prognostics for supporting mission performance and life extension efforts for aircraft like Jaguar, Sukhoi and Mirage 2000 of the Indian Air Force. Such Digital Twins — required for cutting-edge prognostics, engine health and performance monitoring — have been conceived entirely from scratch in the country by Indian engineers, he said, adding that India can carry out life extension of engines locally and accurately without resorting to foreign assistance. While Paninian has started setting up an actual test bed for its engine, the plan ahead is for the individual parts of the engine to undergo 2,000 hours of testing at the National Aerospace Laboratory. Adla decided to work on the project following the 2019 Balakot strike and the subsequent skirmish between the Indian and Pakistani air forces. For the start-up, he hired Gantayata Gouda, a former senior scientist and programme director in DRDO, along with others who have worked in propulsion and structural engineering with leading global engine manufacturers like General Electrics and Rolls Royce. This innovation could go a long way in the “Make in India” programme to make the country “Atmanirbhar” in the strategic field of aero engines, he said.

Raksha Anirveda | october - December 2022

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in news Keel Laid for First Warship of ASW SWC Project Being Constructed at CSL, Kochi Kochi: Keel laying of the first warship (BY 523, Mahe) of Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Craft (ASW SWC) project under construction by CSL, Kochi, was undertaken on August 30, 2022 by VAdm Kiran Deshmukh, CWP&A in presence of Madhu S Nair, CMD, CSL, Commodore V Ganapathy, WPS (Koc), CSL, Directors and other senior officials of CSL and Indian Navy. Speaking on the occasion, VAdm Kiran Deshmukh, CWP&A, appreciated CSL efforts in achieving the milestone despite Covid constraints and resultant lockdowns. He called it a noteworthy achievement by the shipyard and commended professionalism displayed by all. Further, he highlighted that construction of these vessels is a major boost for the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ and India’s ‘Make in India’ commitment. The Chief Guest indicated that keel laying is a major milestone activity in the shipbuilding process and paves way for amalgamation of various blocks towards

fully constructed ship. VAdm Deshmukh, CWP&A further added that these platforms will undertake sub-surface surveillance in coastal areas with the purpose of detecting and neutralizing underwater threats. During the address, CMD-CSL Madhu S. Nair, highlighted that despite several challenges

IAI Awarded DroneGuard ComJam Systems Supply Contract in Asia Tel Aviv: Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) has been awarded a contract to supply DroneGuard ComJam systems for the longrange detection and disruption of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to an Asian country. The contract comprises several dozens of mobile systems. In recent years, the use of UAS has increased dramatically, and they have become a potential threat to borders, sensitive facilities, manoeuvring forces and major events. UAS may be used for hostile purposes such as gathering intelligence, smuggling or even carrying armaments. Furthermore, their detection is often difficult because of their small physical size, slow air speed, and low altitude flight. To deal with this threat, IAI’s ELTA Division has developed DroneGuard ComJam: an advanced system for locating and disrupting UAS communications and navigation capabilities, whether they are operating independently or in groups (swarms), without impacting civilian communications and GPS in the same area. The system detects hostile UAS, identifies their mode of operation, and disrupts their communications and navigation so that they are essentially shut down. 156

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posed by the Covid-19 pandemic during execution of this complex shipbuilding project, the shipyard has ensured continuous production of ships through innovative solutions. He thanked the Indian Navy for their unstinted support and reiterated the shipyard’s commitment to deliver quality ships on time.

US Army Awards the Javelin Joint Venture $311M Production Contract Orlando, Florida. The US Army awarded the Javelin Joint Venture a production contract for Javelin missiles and associated equipment and services with total value of $311 million. This contract provides procurement of Javelin systems and production support for the US Army and international customers Lithuania and Jordan. The contract also includes more than 1,800 Javelins that will replenish rounds sent to Ukraine. Javelin is developed and produced by the Javelin Joint Venture (JJV) between Raytheon Missiles & Defense in Tucson, Arizona and Lockheed Martin in Orlando, Florida. Javelin is a versatile, one-man-portable and multi-purpose weapon system that provides the capability to defeat a broad spectrum of threats under all conditions. It employs fireand-forget missile guidance technology over its entire engagement envelope, affording the highest level of survivability to the user.

LM Delivers Its Highest Powered Laser to Date to US Department of Defense BOTHELL, Washington. Lockheed Martin (LM) delivered to the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research & Engineering OUSD (R&E) a new benchmark: a tactically-relevant electric 300 kW-class laser, the most powerful laser that Lockheed Martin has produced to date. This 300 kW-class laser is ready to integrate with the DOD demonstration efforts including the US Army’s Indirect Fires Protection Capability-High Energy Laser (IFPC-HEL) Demonstrator laser weapon system. The OUSD (R&E) selected Lockheed Martin in 2019 to scale its spectral beam combined high energy laser architecture to the 300 kW-class level as part of the High Energy Laser Scaling Initiative (HELSI), and the team recently achieved that milestone ahead of schedule. The HELSI laser will support demonstration efforts with the Army’s IFPC-HEL, which is scheduled for laboratory and field testing this year. This recent HELSI delivery milestone also exemplifies Lockheed Martin’s commitment to 21st Century Security, developing advanced technologies that provide speed, agility, and mission solutions that help ensure the US and its allies are always prepared for what’s ahead.

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