Raksha Anirveda Defence magazine, April-June 2022 Issue by Raksha Anirveda

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Vol 4, Issue 17, Apr-Jun 2022

vol. No. 4 l issue 17 April - June 2022

India Maps New Order Pursuing Great Power Aspirations From a Position of Strength

India’s Nuclear Gambit Against China

IAF’s Force Structure Strategy

EU and India Facing the Sovereignty Riddle

Delhi has to Abandon its No First-Use Policy and Build a First-strike Capability

India’s Strong Geostrategic Role-Play Must be Rooted in the Indian Industry

India’s Relationship with the EU in General and France in Particular is Full of Promises

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Editor & Business Director Ajit Kumar Thakur Consulting Editor Vinay Shukla Sri Krishna Ramesh Sharma Devendra Singh Advisory Board Amb Smita Purushottam, IFS Air Marshal M Matheswaran Lt Gen PC Katoch Lt Gen PR Shankar Lt Gen AB Shivane Maj Gen JS Kataria Cmde Ranjit B Rai Cmde Anil Jai Singh Cdr KP Sanjeev Kumar Dr Mathew Simon Amit Cowshish Sameer Joshi Natalia Freyton Dr Punit Saurabh International Roving Correspondent Arie Egozi Legal Advisor Ramesh Sharma Creative Director Md Moeen Aijaz Design & Layout Design Cubicle For Advertisement contact us: ajit@raksha-anirveda.com rakshaanirveda@gmail.com For any complaint and query contact us: info@raksha-anirveda.com ajit@raksha-anirveda.com Raksha Anirveda is printed and published by PBG Media Ventures Published, Edited & Printed by Ajit Kumar Thakur on behalf of ‘PBG Media Ventures’ 649/4, Konark Residency, Nambardar Colony, Burari, Delhi -110084 Printed at: Star Print-O-Bind, Star House, F-31, Okhla Industrial Area Phase-I, New Delhi-110020 Editor: Ajit Kumar Thakur All disputes are subjected to the jurisdiction of Delhi Mobile: +91-9910252485

Disclaimer: Views expressed are those of individual authors and do not represent any policy of this publication. -Editor

Response ‘Raksha Anirveda’ editorial team looks forward to receiving comments and views from the readers on the content of the magazine.

Editorial India’s Watershed Moment

he conflict in Ukraine after the Russian military action has hugely impacted the dynamics of world geopolitics, compelling profound changes in the strategic positions of the important nations of the world even as the outlines of a new world order is seemingly taking shape. But what has riveted the attention of the global comity of nations is the pathbreaking position taken by India. Not taking categorical sides, advocating peace through negotiations and yet communicating its position with a fair degree of success has enhanced India’s prestige in the world order. Never before has India’s main plank of ‘strategic autonomy’ found so many takers even as many nations—not keen to take sides in a war they do not want to be drawn into— are already looking at the ‘Indian model’ and at India’s leadership role. India has effectively made the world acknowledge its aspirations. No wonder important leaders of important nations are making a beeline to New Delhi. Indeed, India has made capital of the Ukraine crisis with rich diplomacy. After all, India is also the land of the Kautilya’s third century BC Arthashastra—one of humanity’s earliest treatises on diplomacy and statecraft. With the immediate neighbourhood— Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Myanmar—in considerable internal turmoil, there are questioning stares at the role India should and could play. With the ongoing military standoff with China across the northern borders, there is no question of slowing down on our focus on the military— be it for modernisation or for consolidation. Moreover, with the reverberations from the not-yet-over Covid pandemic still being felt all across the world, the time to repair and reverse the impending gloom through collective action is already here. India should therefore seek out its own space while maintaining the delicate balance between strategic and economic stability. Obviously, being pursuant with our Atmanirbharta of self-reliance goals amid such

dynamic challenges is a challenge of Himalayan proportions. Acquiring economic heft with a blend of self-reliance in defence technology should be the top priority dispelling the stigma of being an underachiever nation despite having all-round potential. On the bright side, India’s confident stride towards Atmanirbharta in defence has started showing green-shoots. A vibrant defence ecosystem is finally taking shape, technological prowess, innovation in defence is gaining traction with emergence of home grown defence unicorns. The experience and confidence gained through Light Combat Aircraft Tejas is propelling the future Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) project, collaborative involvement of research and development institution, armed forces, defence industry and academia backed with government’s funding and backing shows encouraging signs for the future even as the defence acquisition and procurement policy changes / reforms in response to changing dynamics is adding momentum and giving more thrust to Make in India. Yet, achieving the self-reliance goal is a long journey ahead laced with multiple challenges to overcome. With the completion of the P75 submarine project and P75I project under the Strategic Partnership model plagued with uncertainty, India’s submarine acquisition plan needs a rethink. In absence of order continuity, the loss of know how, expertise and skills acquired during the P75 would adversely impact the indigenous building of future submarines. Similarly, the naval utility helicopters and the medium multi-role combat aircraft projects too requires a fast track implementation—either through a more refined Strategic Partnership model or Buy Global, Make in India process. Team Raksha Anirveda expects that the April-June edition will resonate well with the readers. Your feedback is vital to gauge the impact and make the magazine more enriched, insightful and engaging.

Jai Hind!!

Ajit Kumar Thakur Editor & Business Director

Contents Raksha Anirveda

Volume 4 | Issue 17 | April - June 2022 p26 The Russo-Ukrainian War: Challenges and Opportunities Ahead p32 CAMCOPTER® S-100 Unmanned Air System: An All Weather Eye in the Sky p35 Kalvari-class Submarine ‘Vagsheer’ with Scorpene® Design Launched p44 Positive Indigenisation Lists: Does Formal Ban on Imports Help? p46 QNu Labs Sets up India’s First Quantum Lab p48 Atmanirbharta: A Key Requirement of Future Electronic-Centric Warfare p56 Combating the Dragon’s Intransigence p62 JMB and Neo-JMB: Clear and Present Danger p65 SSS Defence Delivers Indigenous Upgrade Kit for AK-47s to Indian Army p76 Chart Your Own Course, India! p80 Can Israel Export Main Battle Tanks and Advanced Armoured Personnel Carriers to Gulf States? p82 India-US Defence Relationship is “Trusted One”, Boeing’s Investments in India Will Continue to Grow, Says Heidi Grant, Senior Boeing Executive p84 Anti-Iranian Drone Coalition to Checkmate Increasing Threats from Iranian Armed UAVs p86 Book Review

lead Story

Russia-Ukraine Conflict

Redefining Global Equations

p89-105 Civil Aviation Section

The impact of the war will be a challenge of incalculable proportions. It will redefine global equations

p106 Appointments p108 News Round Up p122 In News

Amid fears of nuclear terror unleashed by Putin in Ukraine, Indian diplomacy is facing a severe test. India’s compulsions not to take an open stand against Russia have damaged its credentials

Any future conflict will start and have key stakes in the space domain and this is one area where India must not falter. The priority should be to establish an architecture of space warfare units covering the entire gamut from hard kill to soft kill and denial options

After Imran Khan’s outburst against the US, the Shehbaz Sharief government has indeed a tough job on its hands to smoothen out ties with Washington while not annoying Moscow and Beijing

Gunning for the Indian market, US defence major Lockheed Martin has entered the niche and developing Exoskeleton technology vertical with its ONYX offering

The four-day biennial event Wings India 2022 showcased the best in the aviation industry having on display innovative technology and aircraft machinery on commercial, general and business aviation

India’s Dependence on Future Military Russia Must End Space for India

New Regime in Pakistan: India in Mind, LM India Showcases its Treading A Tight Rope Forays into Exoskeleton Growth Potential

Raksha Anirveda april - june 2022

Raksha Anirveda

ABSOLUTE POWER

No First-Use: India must change its nuclear gambit against China In order to effectively counter China’s bullying tactics, India needs to acquire the nuclear heft to pose a credible threat to the communist country. For this, Delhi has to abandon its No First-Use policy and build a first-strike capability. NFU has never been popular with India’s strategic community, which felt it reinforced the country’s image as an adherent of strategic passivity By Rakesh Krishnan Simha

hina is a bully, and like all bullies, the communist dictatorship only understands the language of force. In 2017, when the Indian and Chinese militaries were engaged in a Mexican standoff in Doklam, China’s state councillor Yang Jiechi and India’s National Security Advisor Ajit Doval met to discuss the presence of Indian troops at Doklam. Yang asked: “Is it your territory?” Doval replied that the territory belonged to Bhutan, and said: “Does every disputed territory become China’s by default?” The Chinese got the message and backed off. About the Chinese, it is said that they hate the West (its former oppressor), fear Japan (its ancient conqueror) and despise India. The reason for having contempt for Indians is due to the Chinese belief that India was never truly an independent country but merely an extension of the Anglo-American empire. The communist regime in Beijing could never understand why India after independence remained within the Commonwealth, retained British colonial street names, and continued to retain English as its primary language. The Chinese thought the British exit from the subcontinent was merely an act and that in reality, London continued to rule New Delhi through its proxies. The slavishly pro-British behaviour of Indian leaders such as Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru only

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reinforced those beliefs. India’s perceived slavishness towards the West is the reason why China is loath to accept the country as an equal. Chinese geopolitical thinking is shaped not only by the legendary strategist Sun Tsu but also by communist dictator Mao Zedong’s famous statement: “Power flows from the barrel of a gun.” In contrast, Indian leaders and diplomats were fond of making grandiose – and laughable – statements that New Delhi’s defence and foreign policies would be dictated by Gandhian principles of non-violence. The defining example of this mindset was Prime Minister Morarji Desai’s 1978 interview with American journalist Barbara Walters where he said he would never go in for nuclear weapons “even if the entire country is destroyed in their absence”. Because of such

startlingly ludicrous statements, the Chinese viewed India as a weak and rudderless country full of people lacking self-esteem. The repeated attempts to salami-slice Indian territory and the ongoing support to Pakistan and its terrorist organisations engaged in jehad against India are a manifestation of this contempt for India. Not even India’s acquisition of nuclear weapons – nor the recently acquired ability to deliver these weapons to downtown Beijing – has altered Beijing’s mindset. This is due to the vast asymmetry in military power, especially the nuclear forces, of the two countries.

Saying No to NFU

India adopted the No First-Use (NFU) policy in 1999, a year after the Pokhran blasts. This doctrine emphasizes credible minimal deterrence, use of nuclear weapons only in retaliation, and non-use against non-nuclearweapon states. In the words of Shyam Saran, former convener of the National Security Advisory Board, “India will not be the first to use nuclear weapons, but if it is attacked with such weapons, it would engage in nuclear retaliation

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Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Chinese President Xi Jinping

which will be massive and designed to inflict unacceptable damage on its adversary. The label on a nuclear weapon used for attacking India, strategic or tactical, is irrelevant from the Indian perspective.” NFU was never popular with India’s strategic community, which believed it reinforced the country’s image as an adherent of strategic passivity and political idealism. However, the policy was dictated primarily by India’s desire to be a responsible international actor, and it served the country well in the years after the 1998 Pokhran tests. Both the US-India civilian nuclear agreement in 2005 and the 2008 waiver from the Nuclear Suppliers Group cemented India’s status as a nuclear weapons state. The problem with NFU is that it provides India’s adversaries with a sense of assuredness. Since NFU is based on credible minimum deterrence, it implies there won’t be an indefinite expansion of India’s nuclear arsenal. While some may argue it establishes confidence among rivals, NFU also means both China and Pakistan are off the hook. Knowing that India’s nuclear forces

are purely defensive, China is able to fully concentrate on the bigger threat of the US forces in the Pacific. This is a luxury that India should no longer provide China. The bad news for Beijing is that with the arrival of a nationalist party, India has signalled its intentions to address the imbalance in asymmetry between the two Asian giants. In 2019, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said at Pokhran: “Till today, our nuclear policy is No First-Use. What happens in future depends on the circumstances.” Prime Minister Narendra Modi later said at an election rally: “Every other day, they used to say ‘we have a nuclear button, we have a nuclear button.’ What do we have then? Have we kept it for Diwali?” In fact, back in 2003, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee had said: “If they (Pakistan) think we would wait for them to drop a bomb and face destruction, they are mistaken.”

Chinese ICBM expansion spree

China’s minimum deterrence posture had historically kept the

number of nuclear launchers at a low level. But that’s history now. In August 2021, US analysts using commercial satellite imagery discovered that China was significantly expanding its nuclear forces and building hundreds of new missile silos. Currently, the dragon has around 100 ICBMs, with 20 in silos and 80 being road-mobile missiles. Its total nuclear stockpile is estimated at 350 nuclear warheads deployed across different platforms. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists says: “The number of apparent missile silos under construction is similar to the total number of nuclear warheads in the current Chinese stockpile; it exceeds the number of missile silos operated by Russia; it is approaching the number of silos operated by the United States, and it constitutes the largest silo construction since the United States and Russia established their ICBM forces during the Cold War.” Since the American nuclear arsenal dwarves China, the US isn’t immediately threatened by the sudden expansion of the Chinese

China has around 100 ICBMs, with 20 in silos and 80 being road-mobile missiles. Its total nuclear stockpile is estimated at 350 nuclear warheads deployed across different platforms

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

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absolute power

Chinese ICBM

India’s nuclear stockpile is estimated at 150 warheads, which are deployed on air, sea and land-based platforms. With the new missile silos and the expected corresponding increase in Chinese nuclear warheads, the strategic asymmetry in the Sino-Indian nuclear relationship will become even starker

strategic missile force. However, it impacts India’s national security. New Delhi’s nuclear stockpile is estimated at 150 warheads, which are deployed on air, sea and landbased platforms. With the new missile silos and the expected corresponding increase in Chinese nuclear warheads, the strategic asymmetry in the Sino-Indian nuclear relationship will become even starker. This is a window of vulnerability that India cannot afford to ignore. As the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists comments, “The scale of the Chinese missile silo construction is unprecedented in Chinese nuclear history….It underscores that China’s nuclear posture has entered a new dynamic phase that requires new attention from the international community.”

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Playing catch up with China The defining nature of the Chinese nuclear deterrent has been defensive. Currently, Beijing keeps most of its ICBMs in silos while the nuclear warheads are ‘de-mated’ — meaning that the warheads are kept separate from their fissile cores and their delivery systems. This is done in order to avoid setting off alarm bells in the Pentagon and entering a missile race with the US. The Chinese reasoning was that an arms race is meaningless and wasteful, and a credible minimum deterrence is enough to ward off the first strike by either the US or Russia. Since going overtly nuclear in 1998, India has adopted the same policy towards China that the Chinese had towards the US and Russia. Having lived under the shadow of the Chinese bomb for decades, India did not treat the Chinese nukes as a major threat. At any rate, India’s economy wasn’t big enough to pump vast resources into building a massive nuclear arsenal required to devastate the entire Han

heartland. Therefore, a minimum deterrence capability (currently estimated at 50 Agni ballistic missiles) was considered enough. The situation is different now with India’s turbocharged economy experiencing nearly double-digit growth even during the pandemic years. With a number of inefficient public sector companies slated to go private, and the private sector giants expanding into global companies, India is on the cusp of moving from a developing to an industrialized, technology-based economy. As per a World Bank report, India has almost eliminated extreme poverty. This economic bonanza provides the government ample flexibility to funnel resources into defence.

Requirements for ending NFU

India faces the unique threat of not one but two nuclear-armed adversaries. Both these countries have not hidden their hatred of India and at least one of them (Pakistan) has openly talked about its desire to nuke India. Against this backdrop, India must plan for a two-front war in which New Delhi must conclusively deal with the smaller foe before taking on the larger enemy. Going by NFU, if Pakistan uses tactical battlefield nukes against the Indian Army on Pakistani territory, India will unleash a massive counter-strike on Pakistani nuclear sites, ballistic missile sites and warhead storage depots. If Pakistan responds with its second strike elements (presumably naval assets) on Indian military sites, India then goes for the apocalyptic option of erasing Pakistan from the map by nuking all its major cities. The result is a world without Pakistan

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but also an India with possibly tens of millions dead and key cities wiped out. The alternate option is to unleash everything on Pakistan in a massive strike that leaves Islamabad without the capacity or time to retaliate. In both scenarios, India will end up using a significant portion of its nuclear stockpile. That leaves India in a precariously disarmed situation against China. Beijing would be seething at the loss of its only vassal state that it uses as important leverage against India. Knowing that India has used up a large portion of its strategic missiles against Pakistan, the Chinese are likely to be emboldened to launch a counterstrike against India. This is the defining reason India needs to vastly expand its nuclear stockpile and its missile force.

How many do you need?

The question of how many nuclear warheads and missiles a country needs is a difficult one to answer. While the generals may argue there is no such thing as too many nukes, the exchequer will look at how few are enough. A Slate article titled ‘How Many Nukes Does It Take To Defend America?” lists out the various stages of analysis the US goes through to estimate how many warheads and missiles are required for waging nuclear war. In the first stage, the Department of Defence (the Pentagon) and other agencies prepare a report that informs the US president of the status and needs of the nuclear programme. “The president then issues vague guidelines to the secretary of defence about the purpose of the nuclear weapon programme, such as whether a pre-emptive strike might ever be employed. Finally, the Pentagon issues a

confidential set of strike options detailing how we might be willing to use our nukes.” Next, the strike options go over to the US Strategic Command, where military planners apply them to hypothetical conflicts with different adversaries. “Within each simulation, the planners count up potential targets in four categories: 1) military forces; 2) weapons of mass destruction infrastructure, like launch bases and storage facilities; 3) military and national leadership; and 4) warsupporting infrastructures, such as factories, rail lines, and power plants.” “The number of warheads necessary to destroy or cripple these targets is calculated, taking into account the possibility of mechanical failure. (Planners assume that 15 per cent of nuclear weapons will turn out to be duds.) The calculations also take stock of the need for redundancy, so there will be enough nukes for an attack even in the aftermath of a disabling first strike by an opponent.” While the plans do not

envision simultaneous nuclear conflict with all adversaries, the military does plan for the possibility that one nuclear power might take advantage of the conflict between two others, either through blackmail or an actual strike. Currently, India has enough fissile material stockpiles to produce nearly 2,500 warheads. India’s Strategic Forces Command Its ballistic force possesses around 50 launchers including the Agni-I, Agni-II, Agni-III, Shaurya and the Army’s variant of the Prithvi missile family – the Prithvi-I. Additional variants of the Agni missile series include the 5000 km range Agni-V, which is being deployed. Also under development is the Agni-VI, with an estimated range of 8000 km and features such as multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs) or manoeuvrable reentry vehicles (MARVs). It is also important to note that the failure rates for ballistic missiles can be unacceptably high for a country with a limited arsenal. As the Slate article adds,

India faces the unique threat of not one but two nucleararmed adversaries. Both these countries have not hidden their hatred of India and at least one of them (Pakistan) has openly talked about its desire to nuke India

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

ABSOLUTE POWER

AGNI-V Missile

India has enough fissile material stockpiles to produce nearly 2500 warheads. India possesses around 50 launchers including the Agni-I, AgniII, Agni-III, Shaurya and the Army’s variant of the Prithvi missile family – the Prithvi

“A missile can’t be recalled once launched, no matter how successful last-minute diplomatic talks may be. It’s marginally safer to have the bombers circling.” Since an Indian Bomber Command seems unlikely in the near future, a cheaper and more effective option would be to build air-launched nuclear-tipped cruise missiles with the range to hit China’s eastern seaboard. Whether India requires 150, 300 or 1,000 warheads and 100 or 500 launchers depends on the threat perception and the money available. But it can no longer sit idly with 50 launchers when the Chinese are going for 300 or perhaps more. The Hans only know the language of brute force and India must convey by its

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actions that we have the means and the will to match the dragon warhead for a warhead.

Upping the nuclear ante

There is no guarantee that raising the stakes in the game of nuclear poker will help India defeat China. But if New Delhi doesn’t build a counterstrike capability and allows China to get away without paying a price for its decades-long efforts to destabilize India, it is guaranteed that Beijing will become emboldened to do something worse – such as a collusive China-Pakistan attack on India. According to Sanjana Gogna of the Observer Research Foundation: “India’s concerns with regard to China are neither imaginary nor baseless. India faces grave security challenges from Pakistan, and China has actively assisted the latter. China’s assistance to Pakistan’s nuclear weapons programme is the most consequential source of instability in the region.” The point is that both Pakistan and China are implacable enemies. While the Indian political leadership

has acknowledged China as India’s prime adversary, New Delhi’s actions still have a Pakistan focus, which is understandable since Islamabad is wedded to the idea of Islamic jehad and India’s destruction. However, the road to dismantling Pakistan passes through China. As long as China doesn’t feel the heat from India, it will use Islamabad to box India within the subcontinent. Only when India’s Strategic Forces Command has acquired the capacity to rain down nukes throughout the dragon’s eastern seaboard; when every Chinese city is in the crosshairs of multiple Indian ICBMs; when every Chinese command centre is targeted by earth penetration ballistic missiles that can turn Chinese mountains into valleys, then the Hans will come to the negotiating table. And you can take that to the bank. –The writer is a globally cited defence analyst. His work has been published by leading think tanks, and quoted extensively in books on diplomacy, counter terrorism, warfare and economic development. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

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Raksha Anirveda

Opinion

India’s dependence on Russia must end Amid fears of nuclear terror unleashed by Putin in Ukraine, Indian diplomacy is facing a severe test. India’s compulsions not to take an open stand against Russia have damaged its credentials. India’s natural place is with the democratic nations, not the authoritarian states without any accountability to their people By G. Mohan Kumar

T 10

he Ukraine-Russia war may well be a watershed in international relations signalling the emergence of new paradigms and alignments in the world. Putin’s cold-blooded pursuit of aggression as a means of achieving political ends has perhaps few parallels in recent history. The Clausewitzian precept of war ‘as a continuation of policy with other means’ and ‘as an act of force to compel our enemy to do our will’ seems to have an ardent practitioner in Putin whose gamble with power has all the makings of Russian roulette, which could seriously undermine his political future. Emerging from the shadows of the cold war Russia had the option of integrating itself with Western Europe and transforming itself into an economic powerhouse using its abundant natural resources. But it chose to be a kleptocracy of oligarchs trying to play the power game using the huge nuclear arsenal inherited from the Soviet Union, the veto power in the UN and the cloak and dagger ways of its powerful state instruments like the KGB. More than any other industry, it was Russia’s defence industry, which was prominently churning out lethal products like the hypersonic missile. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in order to compel the nation to toe its line in the teeth of severe resistance from the NATO powers has given the world its first glimpse of nuclear terror unleashed by an authoritarian head of state with absolutely no regard for a rule-based order, with zero accountability to any political institution.

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Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Russian President Vladimir Putin

Nuclear option Putin seems to be harking back to the Soviet era in terms of its territorial spread and heft. Ukraine from the Soviet days was both an industrial and agricultural powerhouse driving the Soviet military-industrial engine and perhaps in his

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scheme of things Russia needs Ukraine badly. But the death and destruction that Russia has rained on Ukraine have only made Ukrainians more nationalistic than ever before hell-bent on resisting the Russian army to the last soldier. Indications are that this is going to be a prolonged struggle and should the Russian army experience more reverses Putin might find himself with his back to the wall having to contend with serious domestic opposition given the crippling effects of the sanctions. This again is a very dangerous situation that might lead to desperate options like the use of tactical nuclear weapons, which can escalate tensions with disastrous consequences. Ukraine has become a hot theatre of a proxy war between Russia and the NATO powers. With economic sanctions calculated to cripple the Russian economy there have been many winners and losers. Many east European countries like Poland are facing a huge refugee crisis. The sanctions have by and large failed to divide NATO as calculated by Putin. As always this war has been grist to the US mill. When war clouds loom on the horizon it is the defence industry of the US that is the biggest beneficiary. With even countries like Sweden and Finland likely to seek NATO membership and with many others likely to follow suit the arms industry in the US will skim off cream as never before. With the decision to phase out Russian oil and gas from Europe, the crisis has led to an unprecedented increase in oil prices, which has badly affected countries like India which need to review its projected GDP growth rate for the current year.

The Ukrainian civilians during military training

But here again, the winner is the US whose shale oil industry needs high international prices to thrive in the market. Even President Biden seems to have improved his ratings significantly. For China, this is a test case. Putin’s relentless bombardment of Ukraine with the NATO countries watching from the sidelines should necessarily embolden China to be more aggressive on Taiwan. Taiwan is under the US umbrella but with no assurance of US intervention in the event of a Chinese invasion. Regional partnerships like the QUAD may also not get involved militarily. The Indo-Pacific region may very well witness many more instances of Chinese audacity. The emergence of a multipolar world and the use of nuclear blackmail as an instrument of state policy to achieve political objectives have become more explicit than ever. Countries in conflict with nuclear powers will be pushed into alliances for fear of existential threats or seek to

get nuclear weapons/cover for themselves. NATO is likely to expand and the US defence industry will see unprecedented growth. The emergence of authoritarian states without accountability to their people will be a grave challenge to democracy, international order and peace.

National interests

The conflict has put Indian diplomacy to a severe test. As the largest democracy in the world and as an ardent upholder of peace, sovereignty and territorial integrity, India’s compulsions not to take an open stance against Russia have damaged its credentials notwithstanding its condemnation of killings in Ukraine and despatch of humanitarian assistance to that country. We may rightfully feel happy about our boldness in taking an independent stand keeping in view China’s aggression and our dire dependence on Russia for military hardware but in reality, there was hardly any choice.

For China, this is a test case. Fact that Putin has had his way in marching into Ukraine, with the NATO powers watching from the sidelines, China’s designs on Taiwan may become more ambitious and aggressive

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Opinion

Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky

After the cold war, Russia had the option of integrating itself with Western Europe and transforming itself into an economic powerhouse using its abundant natural resources

The paramount objective of diplomacy is protecting national interests even if it means getting bruised in the process. Our strategic independence from Russia is as important as that with the USA and the West. As Putin’s actions become more and more indefensible India will find it difficult to play the abstention game because this conflict has elicited overwhelming moral support for the underdog from all over the world. For the moment India and US seem to have put their differences aside and moved ahead but international opinion will be unforgiving. Decoupling from Russia on the defence front should be India’s priority. The current efforts at self-reliance are laudable but it will need hard work and imagination to shun dependence and develop our own technological base. Walking into the Russian embrace after the

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euphoric moments of 1971 was the biggest mistake we committed. The MoD never had a long term strategy for selfreliance despite some of the technological breakthroughs we have had in areas like strategic arms, space or nuclear energy. The Russian connection never seemed to be ideal for India’s defence industry as the Russians never co-operated wholeheartedly when it came to building capabilities within India even for servicing its own equipment. Efforts at forging alliances with the Russian defence firms for manufacturing even components of major equipment did not bear fruit. Engaging with India constructively in defence manufacturing was not among the Russian priorities. The latest instance of such indifference was in the case of the Kamov 226T utility helicopter, which was to be

manufactured in India through an India-Russia joint venture. From the beginning, Russia was keen on selling the equipment rather than manufacturing it in India. The negotiations were reported to have failed on account of the Russian unwillingness to be more liberal in technology transfer — an attitude totally inconsistent with the intimacy of a fourdecade strategic partnership. India faces a real threat from China. With Russia compelled to come to a closer partnership with China because of the sanctions, there is every reason why we should re-examine our choices with a view to countering China effectively. Many feel that India’s natural place is with the democracies of the world at a time when authoritarianism threatens to plunge the whole world into perilous conflict. –The writer is a former Defence Secretary

Self-Reliance in Strategic Electronics

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Electronics Corporation of India Limited A Government of India (Department of Atomic Energy) Enterprise

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Raksha Anirveda

Business Initiative

Hensoldt Solutions:

Increasing flight safety and the certainty of mission success of Helicopter fleet

bstacles in the flight path or close to it often pose a threat to helicopters. Such obstacles may be power lines, aerial cableways, pylons and towers. The probability of occurrence of such threats increases during low-level flight manoeuvres. Typically, a Standard Helicopter Mission requires alternate routing to counter Enemy Threat to achieve surprises. Further, landing sites may change due to Friendly or Foe activities and poses uncertainty on mission effectiveness. Most of the flights phases may have to be in compromised or Degraded Visual Environment limiting mission performance additionally due to atmospheric conditions and AUM of aircraft. HENSOLDT offers solutions to improve the mission effectiveness of Helicopters by improving situational awareness through two distinct Products. 1. LIDAR based Obstacle Avoidance Systems (OAS) 2. Synthetic vision & 3D conformal symbology based DVE Technology The Equipment’s encompassing above technology may work independently or together based on user specs These products may work independently or together based on user specs;

LIDAR based Obstacle Avoidance Systems (OAS)

The LIDAR based OAS equipment is based on the HENSOLDT patented fibre scanner, leading to a homogeneous scan pattern in the field of view and achieving a detection probability of ≥ 99.5 % within the firstsecond 14

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and a detection range of more than 1000 m. The Obstacle Warning System is the result of more than 30 years’ experience in 2D and 3D laser radar system and line scanner technology, as well as 15 years background in range data processing and obstacle detection/warning algorithms. For a reliable CFIT and obstacle strike avoidance for helicopters, it is essential to detect any obstacles at any location within the flight path of the helicopter. Taking into account above constraints

this can only be done by an on-board real time sensor. The wavelength is the main indicator for the detected size of the obstacles. Therefore, the obstacles detectable by a certain wavelength have to be at least as big as the wavelength. For a laser based OAS using a 1.5 μm laser obstacles down to 1.5 μm can be detected while a radar based OAS, in case of 94 GHz radar, cannot detect objects smaller than 3 mm. Beyond this, the angular tracking accuracy is directly related to the beam

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diameter and divergence. The smaller the divergence the better the accuracy and thus it becomes obvious that laser based OAS are capable of resolving much smaller obstacles than radar based OAS. Wavelengths in the optical region also show significant advantages in the angular dependency of backscatter. It is common knowledge that radars, including millimetre wave radars, cannot reliably detect wires that are oriented more than 10° to 15° off the perpendicular. On the other hand Lidar based OAS system have proven that wires, independent of their structure or material, can be detected even when flying parallel to the wire. LIDAR based Obstacle Avoidance system technology offers following unique benefits to its users: • Low detectability, high jamming resistance (due to LIDAR) as well as good and flexible human machine interface (HMI) • Maximized safety of the crew, helicopter, passengers and payload during all flight phases due to significantly reduced probability of accidents caused by collision. • Considerably reduced workload of the crew during most challenging helicopter operations • Mature and proven technology: HENSOLDT experience in providing certified and fully operational system to German Federal, Police, Emergency

Medical Service and Royal Thai Air force.

Synthetic vision & 3D conformal symbology based DVE equipment

HENSOLDT DVE Equipment is the pilot assistance system which ensures safe flights in Degraded Visual Environment conditions during all flight phases including take-off, (low-level) flight, approach and landing: • During take-off the pilot is supported by 3D outside conformal visual cues displayed on the Helmet Mounted Displays (HMDs) in order to ensure full spatial orientation of the crew. • During (Low-Level) Flight the pilots are supported by 3D outside conformal visual cues displayed on the HMDs providing crucial information of the surrounding, i.e. terrain, obstacles and optionally navigation cues (if coupled with a Flight Management System). Furthermore the Advanced Synthetic Vision function displayed on the optional Head Down Displays (HDD) provides a complete situational picture of the surrounding of the helicopter. • Approach and landing is supported by providing capabilities for selection and evaluation of the potential landing zone. The precise landing zone information and a 3D conformal symbology are displayed on the HMD. The DVE system increases crew

situational awareness and thereby • Reduce risk for performed missions, e.g. n landing in arid regions (brownout), n flight under VFR in DVE n low level flight at night (CFIT avoidance), n Landing in confined areas at night etc. • Increase operational availability by allowing missions that were turned down caused by overall risk assessment, e.g. n night brownout landing n night flight in unknown mountainous terrain under DVE n Low level flight in unknown terrain to avoid hostile threats The design of the HENSOLDT DVE Equipment is • State-of-the-art technology • Modular, Scalable and Light weight. Suitable for accommodating existing and future technologies • Standardized I/O and sensor agnostic design. Ease of integration for new and retrofit platforms. • Modular Data fusion concept capable to work with or without various data / sensor inputs • High Performance certifiable DVE Computer meeting cyber security requirements with the appropriate DAL level • Low latency interface to Head-up display • Taking into consideration modular and open system design benefits including Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE) and Joint Common Architecture (JCA). Raksha Anirveda april - june 2022

Raksha Anirveda

IN DEPTH

Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Redefining Global Equations The Ukraine war has damaged the fabric of mutual trust among nations. Each nation will now have to look for alternatives. No nation, not even Switzerland, can remain neutral. The war has dented the US global leadership. The role of NATO remains questionable. The world may witness a resurgence of the Cold War. China seems to have gained far more than it invested in Ukraine. The impact of the war will be a challenge of incalculable proportions. It will redefine global equations By Maj Gen G Shankarnarayanan

trategic Overreach of NATO: 2022 is witness to one of the bloodiest wars in human history. The scale of death and destruction is unprecedented. In the aftermath of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine unleashed by Russia, the status of European security vis-a-vis Article 5 of the NATO charter of collective security remains questionable. The fact that most NATO countries refrained from any direct participation in the conflict but chose to indirectly support Ukraine while attempting to financially cripple Russia is a meek and subdued response that will merely prolong the agony against threats of Russian nuclear and chemical attacks. Given this intransigence in the Russian military operation, with no end state in sight, NATO’s efficacy is not only questionable but will soon see it losing its relevance and may trigger its disintegration. On the contrary, the immediate reaction of Finland to join the alliance following the Russian threat only suggests that the complexity of the current security environment in Europe is such that NATO’s relevance is yet again put to test. The fact that there has been no direct involvement of NATO, underscores the aspect of its collective military capability against Russia. Most splinter east

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European countries that have recently joined NATO are wary of the importance of NATO’s core task: collective defence. Ukraine itself has publically expressed its concern about NATO’s lack of collective political will to provide direct military assistance or declare a no-fly zone. Instead, it chose to garner world condemnation of the brutality of Russian intent while remaining a bystander. Meanwhile, tensions rise across Europe in countries that are struggling with the weight of ethnic and religious strife, demographic pressures and economic underperformance as innocent Ukrainians seek refuge.

In addition, through social media and other means, the opponents of liberal open societies are spreading disinformation and propaganda that seek to undermine the values that NATO has always sought to protect and promote. In fact, NATO’s response to the Ukrainian conflict has shaken the very foundation of transatlantic peace and freedom while meekly accepting the rise of Russia as a global superpower.

US reaction to the Russia-Ukraine conflict

The first US response of inducting token troop reinforcements to other European countries rather than to beleaguer Ukraine was tantamount to forecasting its intent to not support Ukraine militarily. NATO’s

www.raksha-anirveda.com President Zelensky with President Putin

The Ukraine war seems to have dented the US global leadership in more than one sense. It has delivered the most telling message that the US can’t protect its own protégé pronouncements of according primacy to economic sanctions also laid bare their reluctance to support Ukraine militarily. The West had thus foreclosed its direct intervention options. This indirect response of the US and NATO glaringly highlights their inability to tackle Russia in its backyard. Its global ramifications were apparent, wherein China taking advantage of the US and NATO involvement in the Caucasus furthered its geopolitical interests in the East China Sea and Taiwan as part of its strategic calculus. This does play a role in a weakened US and NATO response. Thus the West has been caught in a classic strategic overreach while Russia has delivered the coup de grace in Ukraine, leaving the West in a quandary between the South China Sea and Caucasian regions. A dilemma of

US own making, and one which showcases the decline of global US influence and its manipulation of economic priorities. It may not be out of context to infer that the division of opinion on the UN resolution against Russia is a predictable recipe for the emerging global power blocks vis a vis the existing unipolar status leaving Russia militarily unchallenged. Further, the imposition of economic sanctions against Russia purported to squeeze the Russian economy has instead reciprocally resulted in a global crisis of self-imposed sanctions in terms of energy and food security. In addition, the fact that India abstained from voting in favour, and its measured yet opinionated stance on refraining from condemning the Russian aggression, is a clear

display of the growing stature of India. Its hardline stance against the US coercion in the face of its existential economic and military alliance as part of QUAD only goes to prove its diplomatic maturity, and economic and military independence, besides its neutrality in global affairs that have little or no consequence to its national aspirations.

Aftermath of the War

Having pushed Ukraine into war, it is apparent that the US seems to lack a strategy to end the war. Russia on the other hand, having started it, lacks a clear conflict termination strategy given the fact that it grossly miscalculated the military capability of Ukraine and the concomitant global ramifications. In so far as Ukraine is

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

IN DEPTH

Financial transaction systems like SWIFT, financial institutions, and private companies like Google, may become a potential threat to various nations. Take India for an instance. The share of Google in Indian email accounts is 62 per cent. Were India to fall foul of the West, the entire country can be brought to a halt by Google

concerned having been pushed into war, its hardline stance on critical issues only seems to precipitate the differences eluding an end to the conflict. In fact, Ukraine accuses its adversary Russia of being an invader and describes the entire community of friends EU and NATO as betrayers. The world at large seems to echo the same sentiments of demonising Russia while valourising Ukraine. Under this complex triumvirate, what desperate Ukraine needs is an immediate ceasefire and cessation of hostilities, which unfortunately remains elusive. However, one thing is certain, the punitive effect of the Russian onslaught has forced Ukraine to reconsider its hardline stance of forming part of NATO and remain neutral signalling a desire to end the conflict albeit at a prohibitive cost. Russia on the other hand has staked its reputation, its economy, and at the cost of internal dissent due to economic pressures have emerged as an unchallenged dominant global force. In fact, in the aftermath, Russia would have achieved all that it set out to achieve while Ukraine would have accepted all that it has denied. The West would have realised that the war has sparked an economic crisis of gargantuan proportion

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that the world would be embroiled in for decades to overcome besides leaving a fractured world of distrust. That notwithstanding the worst outcome of the Ukraine war appears to be the new dimension of politicisation and weaponisation of financial transaction systems like SWIFT, financial institutions, private companies like Google, to civilian airspace. By denying these critical networks, the Ukraine war has destroyed the most basic fabric of mutual trust among nations. Take India for an instance. The share of Google in Indian email accounts is 62 per cent. Were India to fall foul of the West, the entire country can be brought to a halt by Google. Each nation or group of nations will now have to look for alternatives. Another fallout is the neutrality of the nation-state. Even Switzerland, which remained neutral in the two world wars, can’t remain neutral in a West vs others scenario. The result of this is a telling message of the Ukraine war of global trust deficit that leaves behind a beleaguered world.

US leadership dented

The Ukraine war seems to have dented the US global leadership in more than one sense. First, it has

delivered the most telling message that the US can’t protect its own protégé. Next, US efforts to solicit Chinese intervention to end the war exposed its weakness. On the contrary, China used this platform to advance China’s claim to be equal to the US, implying that the two nations should jointly shoulder international responsibilities for world peace and tranquillity. In addition, China seems to have flagged the issue of NATO’s unconditional eastern expansion as the root cause of Russia’s security concerns while supporting the principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states. Similar alienation from Saudi Arabia and the UAE has further dented the US image and credentials. Arab allies of the US have refused to toe its line while Israel did criticise the Russian attack but its stand was so nuanced as not to take the side of the West. Turkey’s position is identical to Israel’s. These are not ordinary developments but pointers to global realignment and the creation of new power blocks. The Ukraine war has undoubtedly eroded US influence over even its allies

China’s Taiwan angle

China seems to have gained far more than it has invested in Ukraine. By subtly encouraging the US vs Russia scenario in Ukraine, China had ensured that the focus of the Biden regime was more on Russia and Ukraine and less on containing China. Being surreptitiously privy to and supporting Russia on Ukraine action, Beijing has gained an IOU from Russia if in the future it has to move on Taiwan. China’s firm and equal dealing with the US has dented the US capacity to confront China on Taiwan. In fact, China’s tacit Ukraine strategy seems intended to advance its efforts to grab Taiwan, which is its greatest ambition and topmost

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priority. The Ukraine war has also exposed the limitations of the US and the West to step in to save its non-formal ally. Thus the Taiwan Relations Act only ensures defence supplies by the US to Taiwan and nothing further. In comparison to Ukraine, which the US recognises as an independent nation, Taiwan’s status is much inferior. If China makes a decisive move against Taiwan, the US could do very little given its show in Ukraine and its dismal Afghanistan debacle.

India’s growing stature

Despite being part of Quad and with a deep strategic partnership with the US, India’s neutrality, with an implicit pro-Russian tilt, was a calculated geopolitical risk India took at the very start of the Ukraine war. Subsequent developments not only won understanding but also admiration and acclaim for it. A displeased America had to concede India was an exception among its allies. Surprisingly, amid the raging Ukraine war, New Delhi became the centre of hyper diplomatic activity. The Prime Minister of Australia, a Quad constituent, had a virtual meeting with the Indian Prime Minister, promising investments and said that the Quad nations understood India on Ukraine. Prime Minister of Japan, another Quad member, paid his first official visit to India. Despite differences between the two on the Ukraine issue, he signed six strategic agreements and committed to investing $42 billion in the next five years. The Greek foreign minister was the next visitor followed by Oman’s foreign affairs minister. Closer home, China and India have had border clashes for the last two years. Surprisingly, its foreign minister’s visit was a significant development. India’s independent position on Ukraine is itself a message to China that India would withstand US pressure.

If this can lead to some trust and understanding between China and India on the borders, it can pave the way for an informal Russia-ChinaIndia axis in the future. Its bilateral relations with Russia continue unrestrained despite US pressures. India is boldly going ahead with the purchase of Russian oil amid US sanctions on Russia. Though India has not voted for Russia, it has taken a firm position and strongly condemned Bucha civilian killings as well as the discovery of a bio-weapon facility in Ukraine funded by America. While America, despite loosely calling India shaky on the Ukraine war, has not applied the CAATSA law to stop the sale of Russia’s missile system to India. Undoubtedly, the Ukraine war diplomacy has shown India’s rising stature. The greatest tribute to India’s policies came from the most unlikely quarters Pakistan. Stating that despite India being allied with America and is part of the Quad alliance, it has taken a neutral stand on Ukraine and continues to do business as usual with Russian oil imports despite US sanctions.

Shift away from the dollar?

The war’s collateral impact may be on the US dollar and the global financial order itself. With the dollar-based globalisation already under stress, the role of the greenback in the global financial system may decline. The dollar power enabled the dominance of the financial economy over the real economy, particularly the commodity economy. The US sanctions, which are bound to affect the Russian oil sale, may also affect the US dollar. In fact, the strength of the US dollar depended, not on the laws of economics but on a dark matter of oil. The oil that sustains the dollar value is the insurance

that the US system and geopolitical power provide to the dollar. That insurance is what is under stress. On the other hand, with the rise of Asia and China, the US dollar cannot be said to continue to have the same insurance value. The share of USD in the global forex reserves has touched a 25-year low of about 59 per cent. If important nations shift to their own fiat currencybased trade like the Rupee-Rouble arrangement between India and Russia and if an alternative to SWIFT can be found, the move away from the dollar may accelerate. For instance, if India and China begin paying for their trade in their fiat currencies rated to the US dollar and at the year-end pay the net in terms of the dollar, the overall demand for the dollar will contract rapidly. It is the demand for the dollar that sustains its value. Coupled with this trend is Putin’s diktat of equating the rouble with gold, signalling a tacit de-dollarisation in the near future, These developments post the Ukraine war can have a far reaching global financial impact.

India’s independent position on Ukraine is a message to China that India would withstand US pressure. If this can lead to some trust and understanding between China and India on the borders, it can pave the way for an informal Russia-ChinaIndia axis in the future

Predictable End State

Ukraine’s continued stance to mount staunch and undeniably brave resistance against Russian onslaught has exposed Russian miscalculations of the outcome and timelines. However despite Ukraine’s heart and courage in facing multiple yet, sustained attacks from Russia, it is only a matter of time before Ukraine is overwhelmed by Moscow’s military might. What comes next for Ukraine could be bleak, with many expecting a long-drawn-out conflict, noting that even in the most positive scenario where Russia withdraws its troops and Ukraine remains a sovereign nation, Europe is unlikely to return to the pre-war status quo. A dispassionate analysis reveals a few possible outcomes.

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

IN DEPTH China used the war to advance its claim to be equal to the US, implying that the two nations should jointly shoulder international responsibilities for world peace

Partial control of Eastern Ukraine Close watchers of the RussiaUkraine war say the fluid and rapidly changing nature of the conflict makes it hard to gauge what will happen next in Ukraine given the fact that, Russian and western counter moves remain unpredictable. However, it is widely expected that Russia will want to install a pro-Russian regime in Kyiv. For the moment Russia may gain partial control of eastern Ukraine, up to the Dnipro River, and install a Russian-backed puppet government. Under these circumstances, the existing Ukrainian state is likely to function from Lviv, a city in Ukraine’s west and near the border with Poland, with the semi-exiled government fuelling insurgency against the Russian occupation. In this process, it is likely to receive heavy western support besides a huge deluge of predicted refugee flows of 5 million to 10 million people from Ukraine to Western Europe. In such a scenario, it is predicted that NATO, which has so far refused to intervene militarily in the conflict, would provide significant military assistance to the western Ukrainians to support the insurgency in eastern Ukraine, which may lead to the risk of conventional escalation. On the contrary, Russia’s military strategy has at times been beset with logistical problems, confusing the picture of what Russia’s main or immediate goals are. Given the current progress of operations, only one city has definitively fallen to the Russians since the invasion began in the early morning of February 24, Kherson. Although others like Mariupol, in the south, appear to be perilously close amid food, water and power shortages. This slow progress is bound to increase

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resistance to the Russian forces and is likely to get tougher as the war progresses. However Russia has the capacity to scale up the violence, which could really drag on for a long time.

Purge and partition?

Some analysts agree that any partial control over Ukraine by Russia could lead to some kind of partitioning of the country if Russia becomes firmly entrenched in eastern Ukraine. In particular, the Donbas region where it recognised the independence of two proRussian republics ahead of its invasion of the wider country. It is believed that Moscow has indicated that it is aiming at complete military conquest of Ukraine followed by a partition and a massive purge of the civilian population. Russia’s apparent objective is to eradicate all vestiges of Ukrainian identity while condemning the country to a grim future under a military dictatorship, locked firmly inside a new Russian Empire. This nightmarish vision tallies closely with Putin’s own stated objectives for the current military campaign along with his long record of public contempt and animosity towards Ukrainian statehood.

Insurgency

Most warn that Ukrainians would continue to fight against any puppet regime, with the conflict descending into an insurgency with those Ukrainians left in the country attempting to topple any such regime by any means available leading to Russia facing a long, drawn-out, pricey and painful occupation of Ukraine. It will be humanly impossible for Russia to forcefully suppress Ukrainian freedom, which they have relished for the past 30 years, thereby fuelling further global alienation.

In this scenario, a Ukrainian insurgency could force a significant, sustained human and financial toll on Russia as it would be required to devote far more of its resources over a much longer period of time than it had anticipated. In the meantime, NATO countries would in all probability provide covert but very robust defensive assistance to the Ukrainian resistance. Thus the conflict will drains Moscow’s coffers and resolve, ultimately forcing a withdrawal after much violence and death, an outcome that echoes Russia’s ill-fated, unpopular and costly invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, a proverbial quagmire that has trapped many powerful states through history, while Ukraine would be devastated in the process.

NATO vs Russia

NATO has remained guarded in its principled stance of reframing from any direct military intervention in the ongoing conflict, as doing so would in all probabilities bring it into a direct conflict with Russia. Whereas Moscow for its part, has warned that any country that interferes in its special military operation in Ukraine will face untold consequences. In addition, countries on the EU’s (and NATO’s) eastern flank namely Poland, Romania and the Baltic states are extremely nervous about the potential of the conflict to spill over into their own territories. Therefore, if Russia prevails in Ukraine, analysts have warned of a new “Iron Curtain” descending on Eastern Europe, creating two opposing geopolitical blocs reminiscent of those in the Cold War — the EU (and NATO nations) on one side of a potentially militarised border and Ukraine and other countries in Russia’s political orbit (such as Belarus and Moldova) on the other. That notwithstanding in such a situation any military

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Reservists take part in tactical training and individual combat skills in Kyiv, Ukraine

intervention by NATO runs the risk of igniting a third world war. However, in the realms of indirect support to Ukraine by way of real-time intelligence, material support or the enormous economic sanctions aimed at destroying the Russian economy, Russia can considers these as acts of war meriting retaliation in the form of more indirect attacks including cyber-attacks against critical infrastructure, disinformation campaigns, and even the possible sanctioning of terrorism in and against NATO countries as opposed to launching any direct military attacks against NATO forces. Strategists based in Eastern Europe are under no illusion as to whether NATO could get dragged into the conflict in some time.

An unlikely option

Analysts of course agree that an unequivocal withdrawal of Russian armed forces from Ukraine would

be best possible outcome for the country in this dire situation. In their best possible analysis of how the Ukraine conflict could end, Ukraine could see its own defensive capabilities bolstered by NATO, allowing its military and civilian resistance to overcome the odds and grind Moscow’s advance to a halt. In this hypothetical scenario, Russia would be prevented from toppling Kyiv’s government and establishing a puppet regime, while the determination and skill of the Ukrainian resistance, forces a stalemate on the battlefield that favours the defenders. Indeed, in this “miracle” scenario, the analysts believe that Russia will pay an exorbitant price for its invasion of Ukraine while facing the prospect of a long and costly slog in Ukraine, coupled with economic collapse and diplomatic isolation. Putin would thus be forced to order a withdrawal of his troops. However, even this outcome where Ukraine remains a sovereign democracy and

NATO is faced with an improved security situation, it will be fraught with the danger of a beleaguered neighbour. The fact that this short war has claimed thousands of lives on both sides will leave widespread bitterness in its wake leaving the Russian political landscape at a tipping point. In sum, the needless Ukraine eruption has disrupted the world forever. Thanks to it, the world will witness a resurgence of the cold war era disrupting old relations, making new ones, undermining existing power centres and creating new power blocks with multiple influence centres. Its impact will necessarily be a challenge of incalculable proportion while taking a huge toll on humankind besides redefining global equations. –The writer is a former GOC-Indian Army and presently a Strategic Consultant & Principal Advisor. Views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Straight Drive

IAF’s Force Structure:

Strategy for Overcoming the Crisis

Aligned with its national security interests, India’s strong geostrategic role-play, amidst the changing world order as a rising military power, aerospace power in particular must be rooted in the Indian industry

HAL AMCA Next Generation Fighter Model Tejas aircraft

A model of HAL TEDBF displayed at Aero India 2021

By Air Marshal M Matheswaran

T 22

he ongoing conflict in Ukraine has many cautions for India. War at anytime and anywhere is human catastrophe and therefore, all efforts to prevent or stop war should not be spared. While the American-led side wants India to take a stand in favour of their position, the Russian side is appreciative of India’s neutral stand. Recent visits by leaders from the USA, UK, EU, and Japan have emphasised the need for India to condemn Russia’s actions in Ukraine. What is of concern, however, is the fact that the USA and others stressing their view that India’s excessive dependence on Russia for its military

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equipment is the reason for its refusal to support their sanctions on Russia. Various officials from the US State Department and the DOD have

openly advocated their objective of weaning India’s defence imports from Russia. There lies the real issue. India’s defence market is too huge and attractive for Western defence industries, and hence, it is the focus of strategic dialogues of many of these countries with India. India has diversified its military procurements in the last three decades to ensure it does not become vulnerable to a single source supply. As a result, India’s defence supplies from Russia, which was as high as 70-75% in

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the early 2000s came down to a current level of 50-55%. The US has been the biggest gainer in this diversification, garnering nearly $ 22 billion sales to India in the last 15 years to emerge as its number 1 supplier. The Ukraine conflict and the resultant sanctions are being used by the USA to pressurise India to reduce its imports from Russia. The real objective is to ensure the US and its European allies replace Russia as India’s major if not exclusive supplier of defence equipment. The threat of CAATSA on India’s S-400 air defence missile deal with Russia is a prime example. The crux of India-USA strategic partnership is really about capturing India’s defence market for the Military Industrial Complex of the USA. The current global environment highlights the increasing importance of indigenisation and self-reliance in defence industry for India, and hence, the critical importance of ‘Make in India’ or Atmanirbar policy. Modernisation of the Indian Air Force assumes critical importance in this scenario. IAF’s force structure and its operational capability rests on its ability to marshal cutting edge technologies. The IAF is the sword arm of India’s military power. A variety of reasons, chief among them being inadequate and timely budget allocations and inefficient project management of indigenous programs, have contributed to continuous decline in the force structure of the IAF in the last two decades. However, it is now of critical importance that the national leadership accelerates indigenous development with major focus on the modernisation of the IAF. There have been significant capability enhancements in areas of tactical and strategic airlift aircraft (C-130J) and C-17 transport aircraft, Sikorsky heavy lift helicopters and Apache attack

helicopters, Radars and Integrated Air Command and Control System, AFNET communications, air defence missiles (MRSAM), precision weapons, surveillance systems, and drones. However, in its core strength of fighter/ attack aircraft, the decline is yet to be reversed. While two squadrons of Rafale 4.5 generation fighters have entered service, the decline in squadron strength is still worrisome. The IAF will retire the last of the vintage MiG21Bis aircraft by 2025. The next older fleets of Jaguar, Mirage 2000, MiG-29, totalling nearly 200 aircraft should be retiring by 2030-2035. By 2030, the IAF would be down to 28 squadrons as against the authorised strength of 42 squadrons. The induction of 83 Tejas Mk 1A is unlikely be completed before 2030 even under most optimistic estimates. The Su-30 MKI aircraft (nearly 300 aircraft) that form the mainstay are long overdue for upgrades. Effectively, the IAF needs to induct nearly 400 aircraft in the next decade and a half if it desires to restore its strength to the authorised levels. The current

Rafale

global environment, and the indirect pressure being mounted on India to buy more aircraft from the West are all strategic warnings that the IAF should recognise. IAF should take the lead in strategising the accelerated development of India’s indigenous fighter aircraft in parallel with the build up of its operational strength. What are the options? It is said that adversity can turn out to be a blessing in disguise. IAF’s current situation should be turned into opportunity for maturing Indian design, development, and manufacturing capabilities. India’s first experiment with fighter aircraft development, HF-24 Marut, was a success despite the many challenges and flaws associated with it. It was a rapid development, from the drawing board to series production in less than ten years, and one of the finest airframe designs of its time, thanks to Dr Kurt Tank. It became a victim of the Cold War geopolitics. The next aircraft development was the LCA, now called Tejas. There was no continuity from HF-24 to the Tejas, and this was a strategic blunder. The LCA project became a vehicle

India’s defence market is too huge and attractive for Western defence industries, and hence, it is the focus of strategic dialogues of many of these countries with India

HF-24 Marut

Su-30 MKI

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Straight Drive Boeing C-17 Globemaster III

Apache Helicopter Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules

IAF should take the lead in strategising the accelerated development of India’s indigenous fighter aircraft in parallel with the build up of its operational strength

for developing new technologies. The aircraft took more than three decades to fructify and enter series production. Now that we have the basic Tejas in series production, we must avoid the mistakes of the past and build on the Tejas expertise and experience. The LCA Mk 1 is a lightweight aircraft built to requirements that were set in 1985. Hence, while the concluded orders will result in the manufacture of 123 aircraft, the next derivative should become the mainstay of the IAF. IAF is looking at Tejas Mk 2, which will be a heavier aircraft at 17-18 tonnes while the Navy is looking at a twinengine deck-based fighter (TEDBF). If resources are to be optimised the IAF and the Navy should be combining the two ideas into one twin-engine platform derived from

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the basic LCA. This should use engines with more power (GE-414), indigenous avionics and weapons, and a significantly a large radius of action in the MMRCA-Rafale class. It is possible to develop this aircraft rapidly and enter series production before 2030. A production run of a minimum of 300 aircraft is possible. The IAF will need to plan and execute many interlinked strategies in this program. First is to enable substitute technologies in avionics, sensors, and weapons. This is possible. Second is to put in place effective supply chain mechanism to ensure uninterrupted manufacturing. The third is to develop substitute materials within India, a major challenge. The government and the IAF have also indicated the plan to float a tender for the acquisition

of 114 MRCA fighter aircraft. This acquisition should result in the selection of the vendor who should be tied to long-term stakeholder partnership in terms of license production, technology transfer, global exports from India, and commitment and responsibility in developing the 5th generation fighter AMCA. The government and the IAF should ensure that this acquisition should be leveraged to the maximum in terms of technology acquisition and the development of mastery over the design and development of critical components, sensors, materials, and the aircraft. We must remember that all countries, the US in particular, do not part with technology unless we demand and leverage them through the long-term business that we offer. Russia-Ukraine conflict is sure to lead to a new Cold War and split the world into two major camps. The need for the IAF to be equipped with weapons, sensors, and aircraft, produced largely by Indian industry is an imperative in the interests of national security and national power. If India is to play a strong role in this changing world, its military power, aerospace power in particular, must be rooted in the Indian industry. –The writer is a former Deputy Chief of Integrated Staff at IDS. He is now the President of The Peninsula Foundation at Chennai. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Raksha Anirveda

ANALYSIS

The Russo-Ukrainian War: Challenges and Opportunities Ahead With the fall of Mariupol, President Putin is likely to declare victory and shelve greater plans of subjugation. Various nations are now studying lessons from the unusual war and the challenges ahead for being heavily dependent on both Ukraine and Russia. For India, military supplies will be hit and upgradation plans may see delays, but Indian firms may replace the companies that have left Russia and export grains and food to replace the void created by Ukraine 26

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By Cmde Ranjit B Rai

t the time of writing, the Russo-Ukrainian war was in the form of an onslaught by the Russian forces to tame Ukraine to succumb to Russia’s demands and not join NATO. It was the 58th day of the war since it began on February 24. Russia called it a Special Operation, attacking Ukraine from many directions, possibly expecting a capitulation of the military and political regime headed by President Zelenskky, a former comedian, but the fighting spirit of Ukrainians has surprised the world. Russia employed five main axes of attack into Ukraine, to the capital Kyiv from Belarus in the North with Chernobyl, Chernihiv and Sumy on the way; Kharkiv in the north-east where many Indian medical students were studying and Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke to President Putin to execute their rescue; Donetsk and Luhansk in the east; and Kherson in the south, yet the action in the South and Kyiv has petered, but it has been a humanitarian catastrophe.

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To most analysts, an end to the devastation of Ukraine and deaths on both sides with the fall of Mariupol on April 21 seems to become a possibility, as President Putin looks to change Russia’s tactical plans to connect Crimea and Mariupol with Luhansk and Donetsk to Kharkiv (see map) and celebrate victory and shelve greater plans of subjugation. Carnegie reports

the target date seems to be May 9, which is Victory Day (VE) for Europe and Russia, at least to announce a victory. Remnants of fighting will continue. All nations are deciphering the repercussions of this war as economies the world over have suffered and the oil price has risen to over $100 per barrel. Ukraine is the ‘bread basket’ of Europe, and the supplier

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh discussed the effects of the war with Army Commanders on April 21 soon after he had visited Washington with EAM Jaishankar for 2 plus 2 talks with Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Gen Austin Lloyd

Raksha Anirveda april - june 2022

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ANALYSIS

This needs study for the China-IndiaPakistan possible war scenario by all Directorates of Operations to make contingency plans and play joint war games with politicians as war is jointly fought and needs preparation

of some Soviet military technologies, that it sold to China and Pakistan to bolster its economy. Ukraine has factories for Zorya-Mashproekt ship prime movers and the Motor Sich Joint Stock Company, one of the largest worldwide engine manufacturers for airplanes and helicopters and industrial gas turbine installations, the Malyshev plant that makes T-80UD tanks like India’s T-90s from Russia, and Ukraine sold 500 to Pakistan and the large Avozstal steelworks and the Nikolaev Shipyard Okean not far from Mariupol, that built aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya and

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China PLA(N)’s Liaoning(001). The Antonov serial production plant located at the Sviatoshyn Airfield in Kyiv produces AN124, the largest aircraft in the world. The Indian military has a connection with all these facilities. All plants except Avozstal have been damaged. Russia is a seller of military hardware and a major supplier of energy that flows through Ukraine to Europe. And Russia felt threatened that Ukraine was being admitted into NATO, and Russia went to war to protect encroachments on its borders, which actually began in 2014 with Russia’s military takeover of Crimea. War was avoided by the Minsk agreements in 2015. Nations that go to war have to pay a price for gains and that is the message Putin is conveying to his people, after the loss of the Russian Black Sea Flagship Moskva (discussed separately) and some reverses in Ukraine.

Rajnath in the US The challenges to nations caused by this unusual war, including some for India, are being studied by all militaries as also to glean lessons from this war. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh discussed the effects of the war with Army Commanders on April 21 soon after he had visited Washington with EAM Jaishankar for 2 plus 2 talks with Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Gen Austin Lloyd. He was reassured of support for military supplies with an emphasis that the USA wishes to have deeper strategic relations with India. In other talks, US officials said the US leadership understands India’s compulsions in the war to abstain in resolutions in the United Nations against Russia’s actions but hopes

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Sinking of Russia’s Black Sea Flagship Moskva: an Raksha Anirveda analysis

t the height of the Russo-Ukrainian war, news broke on April 13 that Russia’s powerful cruiser Moskva has been hit by one or two Neptune ‘fire and forget’ Soviet-era missiles fired from a shore battery. The flagship of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet, the 11,000-ton Slava class Moskva was built in 1976 at a Nikolayev shipyard and commissioned in 1983. Incidentally, INS Vikramaditya was also built at Nikolayev’s Chernomorskiy yard. Russia admitted that one sailor died in the strike and 36 were missing, and 396 were rescued to Sevastopol, its homeport in Crimea. The ship was within the range of the low flying Neptune missile and Ukraine must have been fed 24x7 with Maritime Domain Awareness

(MDA) plots from NATO’s operation rooms to target it, as Internet has not been disrupted during the war. NATO Maritime Recce planes and satellites may have also provided intelligence as Turkey is a NATO member. The R-360 Neptune with its increased range is a potent anti-ship cruise missile based on the Soviet Zvezda Kh-35 Uran with a 140-km range with improved electronics that Ukraine Navy refitted in 2020. Incidentally, Uran is a copy of the US Harpoon. The Indian Navy is familiar with this missile and has operated KH-35 Missiles on the Kora and Delhi Class ships, and is operational on the Mig-29Ks. The Indonesian Navy also inducted R-360s/Yakont type in the 1980s and is the precursor of the BrahMos NPO Mach missile now fitted in all large Indian Navy combatants. This was a defining loss for Russia as Moskva was operational and had taken part in the attack to take Snake Island and its Osa AA system and radars

provided air cover to the Black Sea Fleet. Russia claimed there was a fire on board but did not state the cause or details of the fire. The last Russian flagship ever sunk was by the Japanese Imperial Navy in the Battle of Tsushima 1905 off Port Arthur in Siberia, now named Dalian, a large PLA (N) submarine building base today. In analysis, Moskva was 40 years old but it was upgraded in 2000 with newer electronics and 16 angled P-500 anti-ship missiles on deck and weapon systems like the AK-630 fast-firing guns, Fregat radar and torpedoes, and should have had good stability, anti-missile protection like chaff and EW and watertight integrity.

Superstructure hit Normally a missile cannot sink a warship but it must be noted Ukrainians claimed they had fired two 870 kg Neptune missiles with 150 kg warhead from ashore and considering the terminal low

altitude of the Neptune missile, it can be assumed that the missile hit the superstructure which has 16 missile launchers and was damaged extensively as depicted in the photographs. The Russian Navy is a conscript navy, with less emphasis on the Black Sea Fleet and it is questionable how well the crew was trained for damage control, and until an inquiry releases details, navies will be speculating on this sinking. The Indian Navy will study the possible causes of sinking and whether the sympathetic explosion of ammunition on deck could be a cause, leading to sinking, and wisely Indian Navy’s latest ships have missiles fitted below deck. Any explosion of ready use ammunition on deck can only cause local damage, which can be contained by the crew. The Navy will also study the performance of other systems that the Navy has in common. – Cmde Ranjit B Rai

Raksha Anirveda april - june 2022

Raksha Anirveda

ANALYSIS A LOOK BACK FOR CHALLENGES AND LESSONS AND OPPORTUNITIES

On military supplies, Russia holds all design patents of products of Ukraine and with Atamnirbharta India can stitch up companies like BrahMos Aerospace Ltd to Make in India

India would condemn the atrocities Russia has inflicted in Ukraine and not buy oil from Russia. Jaishankar has stated India buys a minuscule of oil compared to Europe. In the war, the Ukrainian forces have shown that Goliath (Russia) could overcome David (Ukraine) that easily and is a lesson for militaries to hoist in this century. Modern weapons and attack drones

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in the hands of motivated personnel like in Ukraine, men and women, are lethal to down tanks, planes and helicopters, and a nuclear threat as a potent determinant of war, has yet to prove. President Putin has repeatedly threatened to deploy nuclear weapons while employing accurate long-range missiles like Kalibir and planes which are nuclear-capable, and on April 21, President Putin unveiled and launched a new powerful nuclear missile named Sarmat from Piestsk in North-West Russia to Kamchatka 6000 km, which carries multiple warheads, as a show of force and its military power to the USA.

A look back at the war and how it developed is therefore essential, to glean lessons and predict the challenges that the Indian Navy and Indian military will have to face, as India is heavily dependent on Russia and Ukraine for supplies for its military to remain operational. In recent times, even the powerful US military has had to retreat from military operations it began in the Middle East and Afghanistan, where it succumbed to the Taliban. This needs study for the China-IndiaPakistan possible war scenario by all Directorates of Operations to make contingency plans and play joint war games with politicians as war is jointly fought and needs preparation. China believes in Sun Tzu’s edict, to win without war, and employs the 36 Stratagems of stealth that Zhuge Liang built from political lessons, for Chinese military culture and are taught in Chinese Staff Colleges. PLA employed stealth in Ladakh in 2020, to achieve buffer zones for a de-facto border without war. Parleys are alive to resolve the LAC and even EAM Jaishankar has quoted Zhuge Liang in his book, The India Way. Russia’s heliborne special operations forces’ top priority was to secure Chernobyl and other nuclear waste recycling/ fissile materials storage facilities in Ukraine, so that dirty IEDs cannot be made. In addition, Russia moved in at lightning speed but got bogged in fighting in built-up areas (FIBUA) and Russia’s strategy now is to surround and isolate all major Ukrainian cities, especially the

industrialised ones, so that Ukraine cannot sustain the war effort. The USA and EU have supplied weapons and sanctioned Russia and threatened to stop Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) facilities but Europe is still paying Russia in dollars for imports and it seems Europe is deeply divided over sanctioning Russia as European countries themselves are heavily dependent on Russian gas supplies. That’s why the (SWIFT) mechanism has not yet been denied to Russia, which has already put in place its own counterpart of SWIFT, i.e. System for Transfer of Financial Messages (SPFS), and looks to Rupee-Rouble trade with India.

Russian assurance

India has been assured that all military ANIVEDA206X149.pdf 1 2/3/22 11:05

supplies from Russia will continue unhindered, but several Russian longrange missile strikes have caused significant damage to Ukrainian military assets, urban residential areas, and communication and transportation infrastructure. Hence, India will have to deal with the break in the supply of gas turbines from Zorya-Mashproekt for the two Krivacks being built at Goa Shipyard Ltd (GSL) and both the Indian Navy and Air Force as operators of Kamov and MI-17 helicopters may see a break in the supplies from the Motor Sich Joint Stock Company as it supplies the TD3-117 engines for these helicopters. The Indian Air Force and Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) are involved in the upgradation programme of 41 Anatov AN-32 planes, which is scheduled to be completed by 2024-25. The upgrade

in advanced avionics, navigation and communication equipment and the process may see delays. However, the saying when there is a crisis there is an opportunity, India can take steps to buy cheaper oil and supplies from Russia and replace luxury goods firms that have left Russia with Indian suppliers in Rupee-Rouble trade as in the cold war days and export grains and food to replace void by Ukraine. On military supplies, Russia holds all design patents of products of Ukraine and with Atamnirbharta India can stitch up companies like BrahMos Aerospace Ltd to Make in India. –The writer is an Indian Navy veteran, former DNO and DNI. He writes and broadcasts on military affairs and is Curator of New Delhi’s only Maritime Museum at C 443 Defence Colony with free entry to bring about Sea Mindedness. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

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business initiative

CAMCOPTER S-100 Unmanned Air System: ®

The Schiebel Group’s patented and globally tested unmanned air system (UAS) is a cost-effective CAMCOPTER® that can be deployed on land and at sea with its no-frills vertical takeoff and landing under adverse weather conditions and a strategic range of 200 km. Its advanced systems and payload /endurance combination make it a game-changer in any military or civilian operation By Editorial Desk

ounded in 1951 in Vienna, Austria, the globally operating Schiebel Group focuses on the development, testing and production of the revolutionary CAMCOPTER® S-100 Unmanned Air System (UAS). Schiebel has built an international reputation for producing high-tech military, commercial and humanitarian products, which are backed by exceptional after-sales service and support. Schiebel’s CAMCOPTER® S-100 UAS is a proven capability for military and civilian applications. The Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) UAS needs no prepared area or supporting launch or recovery equipment. It operates day and night, under adverse weather conditions, with a range of up to 200 km, both on land and at sea. The S-100 navigates automatically via pre-programmed GPS waypoints or can be operated

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directly with a pilot control unit. Missions are planned and controlled via a simple point-and-click graphical user interface. High-definition payload imagery is transmitted to the control station in real time. Using “fly-by-wire” technology controlled by redundant flight computers, the UAV can complete its mission automatically in the most complex of electromagnetic environments. Its carbon fibre and titanium fuselage

provides capacity for a wide range of payload /endurance combinations.

Military Maritime Applications

The S-100 is a significant force multiplier for maritime commanders, extending the reach of the ship beyond the horizon. It greatly improves the decision makers’ situational understanding and operational responsiveness. Multi-Sensor Surveillance: The S-100 is the only UAS in its class that is able to carry multiple sensors simultaneously. The CAMCOPTER® with such multisensor capability can extend the surveillance horizon of naval commanders and decision makers and in so doing enhance their situational awareness dramatically. The data provided by the ESM and radar sensors give a broad-area maritime capability that, when combined with electro-optical sensors, is crucial to understanding the dynamic challenges of the maritime environment. All-Oceans Solution: The S-100 unmanned helicopter has successfully completed extensive ship-borne trials and is deployed with various navies worldwide. The S-100 has successfully proven its maritime surveillance capability on over 40 classes of ships in all the world’s oceans. Thousands of flight hours and thousands of takeoffs and landings prove that the S-100 meets the long-term goals of many navies. Since 2006, there has been a successful development of a fully automated shipboard landing system. The S-100 can take off and land at wind speeds of up to 25 knots over deck. However, successful

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An All Weather Eye in the Sky flight-testing has been conducted at wind speeds of 40 knots and sea states greater than 3. Long-Range Reconnaissance: The unique CAMCOPTER® S-100 UAS delivers long-range real-time reconnaissance up to 200 km, satisfying a wide range of user requirements. Schiebel’s groundcontrol user interface offers fieldproven mission planning and execution capabilities. It provides easy access and allows swift integration with higher levels of command and control systems, including payload data distribution and processing. More Military Maritime Applications: With increasing levels of threat and larger numbers of vessels occupying our seas, the demand to understand and predict ship movements and actions is becoming an even more complex task. Capable of carrying out operations from a single ship or as part of a task force, the CAMCOPTER® is a true force multiplier. Working as part of collaborative future maritime patrols, the combination of manned, unmanned and satellite-based reconnaissance systems will help to ensure safer movement of traffic across the world’s oceans, deter aggression, better detect piracy, secure coastlines and protect infrastructure such as pipelines and energy platforms.

Military Land-Based Applications

The multi-capable S-100 enhances your military capability and delivers an intelligent and flexible solution for a wide range of missions.

Flexible Land-Based ISR Missions: Focused, timely ISR is an essential component of today’s military operations. With the advent of modern UAS, a whole new range of ISR products are available and can be made available at all operational levels. For maximum efficiency, data must be collected, analysed and exploited effectively giving decision makers sufficient time to initiate effective actions and responses. The CAMCOPTER ® S-100, coupled with highly flexible secure networking capabilities, provides a step-change across all levels of command. This capability, paired with its small footprint and ability to operate from austere sites, makes the S-100 the ultimate ISR asset for a wide range of military and security operations. Land-Based Multi-Sensor Surveillance: Military forces today are faced with complex, often asymmetric challenges: They must be able to use cues and intelligence collected from increasingly wider parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, over broad, complex

operational terrains against a background of shrinking budgets and scarce resources. With the CAMCOPTER® S-100, customers can benefit from a high-persistence, c os t - e f fe c t i v e m u l t i - se n so r platform that enhances situational awareness at operationally significant ranges. Mission Support Equipped with an EO/IR camera, loudspeakers and a leaflet-dropping container, the CAMCOPTER® S-100 extends the decision makers’ capability into a wide range of peace-support and stabilisation operations. More Military Land-Based Applications: Where the CAMCOPTER® S-100 truly excels is the support it offers commanders and decision makers operating in the highly complex littoral environment, with the drone’s ability to deploy and operate from both land and maritime sites interchangeably, as well as to be rapidly reconfigured in support of different operational needs and levels of command. Its flexible logistics requirements, limited demand for resources and ability to operate from the most

Schiebel’s CAMCOPTER® S-100 UAS is a proven capability for military and civilian applications. The Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) UAS needs no prepared area or supporting launch or recovery equipment

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

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business initiative

The S-100 provides an ideal platform from which to collect and measure atmospheric samples, whether they are Chemical, Biological or Radiological (CBR). The S-100’s ability to hover and move slowly with high navigational accuracy enables the accurate 3-dimensional mapping of CBR clouds

austere sites allows the S-100 to remain close to the centre of effort, irrespective of whether it is on land or at sea.

Civil Land-Based Applications

Whether enhancing the creativity of a movie maker or monitoring power lines, the S-100’s intuitive and accessible technology makes it the perfect choice for a diverse range of users. More Civil Land-Based Applications: The S-100 provides an ideal platform from which to collect and measure atmospheric samples, whether they are Chemical, Biological or Radiological (CBR). The S-100’s ability to hover and move slowly with high navigational accuracy enables the accurate 3-dimensional mapping of CBR clouds. When equipped with LIDAR and colour video sensors, the drone can accurately perform 3-dimensional mapping to provide valuable information for geographers, resource extraction companies, infrastructure planners and inspectors as well as disaster response organisations.

Civil Maritime Applications

The CAMCOPTER ® S-100 is able to provide unique degrees

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of flexibility, versatility and persistence, all of which are keys to successful operation in maritime environments. Anti-Smuggling Operations: The demand for ever more robust border control continues to grow, especially in more difficult, austere, geographically complex environments where conventional approaches are not always effective. The CAMCOPTER ® S-100 UAS has been proven to deliver real-time information for decision makers and border patrol personnel, making this an indispensable tool in the global battle against contraband, drug, human or arms trafficking and in the fight against organized crime. Search and Rescue: The provision of timely surveillance over broad areas are two critical components of successful search and rescue operations. Supported by a CAMCOPTER® S-100, NGOs,

disaster-relief personnel and first responders get a compelling aerial perspective that enables them to more effectively and efficiently deploy and coordinate resources immediately. The unmanned helicopter with its small logistics footprint allows its deployment from austere operation sites, closer to where the need is and where operation of manned assets would be considerably more difficult to deploy. Day and night operation using real-time, full-motion video from both high-definition colour-video and infrared cameras makes the S-100 an effective tool for search and rescue operations. Coastal Patrol: Diminishing budgets and resources are moving ship design away from the large capital ships of the past to smaller more cost-effective solutions where operation of conventional manned helicopters becomes considerably more difficult. Deploying a tactical rotary UAS such as the CAMCOPTER® S-100 can cost-effectively replace the lost ISR capability. Given its minimal footprint, the S-100 is able to operate even from smallsized ship decks. More Civil Maritime Applications: The maritime environment, more than any other, requires timely situational awareness and communications. Schiebel is meeting today’s challenge with its CAMCOPTER® S-100, proven in all operational areas, including littoral, riverine and inland as well as the open sea. Small vessels, especially, require UAS that place the smallest demands possible on resources and logistics support. Working with its world-class partners, Schiebel has reviewed existing manned-helicopter maritime practices and used this information to develop a unique maritime capability.

news maker “Atmanirbhar” naval defence industry. The success of this program is collective and solely aimed at strengthening the Indian Navy. We value our long-term relation and collaboration with India and its navy and our teams are committed to keep on meeting their expectations.”

The Scorpene®, a modern, high-performant, and stealthy submarine

Sixth Indian Kalvari-class Submarine ‘Vagsheer’ with Scorpene® Design Launched, Entirely Made in India

umbai: Vagsheer, the 6th Kalvari-class submarine was launched by the Defence Secretary of India, Dr Ajay Kumar on April 20, 2022. Vagsheer is the last of the six P75 Scorpene® submarine entirely built by the Indian shipyard Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) based on years of successful technology transfer and partnership with Naval Group.

The Vagsheer is the last of the series of six Kalvari-class submarines ordered by India in 2005 to be launched. MDL teams will now have to complete the integration and setting to work of the equipment and machinery onboard before beginning the sea trials, including weapon and sensor trials. The launching of Vagsheer highlights the success of the indigenous submarine construction program of the Government of India. These submarines have been completely built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) through a transfer of technology from Naval Group, in line with Indian Government’s “Make in India” policy. The series of six submarines is fitted with a number of equipment built in India by

qualified and highly trained industrial Micro, Small and Medium enterprises (MSMEs). MDL and Naval Group have developed a rich industrial ecosystem of more than 50 Indian companies and their future projects are not limited to submarines, thus contributing to industrial and technological sovereignty. These dedicated efforts resonate the success of “Aatmanirbhar Bharat” vision of Prime Minister Modi. Alain Guillou, EVP International Development at Naval Group said: “We are proud of this successful cooperation with MDL and we stand by their side and are ready to assist for future projects. We celebrate the success of “Make in India” while moving towards a true sense of

The Scorpene® is a 2000-tons conventional submarine designed by Naval Group for all types of missions, such as antisurface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, long-range strikes, special operations or intelligence gathering. Extremely stealthy and fast, it has a level of operating automation that allows a limited number of crew, which reduces its operating costs significantly. Its combat edge is highlighted by the fact that it has 6 weapon launching tubes, 18 weapons (torpedoes, missiles). With 14 submarines sold around the world, the Scorpene® is a key reference of conventional attack submarines (SSK) for navies around the world. It can be easily adapted to specific requirements of customers and the continuous improvement of the Scorpene ensures the seamless integration of the latest technology onboard.

Naval Group, a long-term partner of India

Naval Group is present in India through its 100% subsidiary Naval Group India. Established in September 2008, Naval Group India’s mission has been to support the indigenisation of equipment for Scorpene® submarine, to develop the Indian defence eco-system, as well as to develop design services in India with talented Indian engineers. Naval Group India endeavours to be a visionary and to further its involvement in empowering more industries by creating a robust eco-system that can cater to the varied defence needs of the country. Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

ANALYSIS With a global churn over changing geo-political dynamics and an ongoing war in Ukraine, India’s relationship with the EU in general and France in particular is full of promises

European Union and India facing the Sovereignty Riddle

Prime Minister Modi with French President Emmanuel Macron

By NATALIA FREYTON

rance is assuming the presidency of the European Union, for the first time in 14 years, between January 1 and June 30, 2022. While no major divergence is to be expected in terms of European governance, the mandate is marked by Emmanuel Macron’s distinct notion of sovereignty and the Indian-French defence relationship.

A thriving EU-India relationship

The EU was India’s largest economic partner, before Brexit slashed the trade numbers by excluding BritishIndian trade from the total. It is, however, expected to grow further as a bilateral economic partnership

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is to be inked in coming years, with France and Germany fuelling much of that growth on the European side. The EU is neck-and-neck, in terms of trade, with the US and China. Strategy expert Christophe Jaffrelot writes: “In recent years, the EU has become India’s first or second trade partner. But the country represented less than 2.5% of EU trade in 2020

and ranked well behind China (16.1% of EU trade), the US (15.2%) and the UK (12.2%). Similarly, while European FDI in India more than doubled between 2011-2020, it remains much lower than in China.” A large share of the economic interactions centre around nuclear power technology, digital services and sustainable development. The 2021 EU-India summit had already paved the way for increased cooperation between the two economic powerhouses. The February 2022 Indo-Pacific cooperation summit refocused these relations, as designed by the EU, and

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took much notice of India’s other economic partners, namely China and the US. The two global leaders represent as many pitfalls as opportunities for the EU, which still strives to this day, to establish a stable foothold on the global political and economic scene. Regional economic partners of India are also taken into account, as they carry the Commonwealth’s influence.

The French touch on the near horizon

France is expected to seize the opportunity of its presidency to strengthen and develop cooperation between the EU and India, with a renewed focus on two additional and largely complementary areas: sovereignty and defence, adding, to a certain extent, a French touch to their pre-existing relationship. Paris already has an extensive background as a major defence and security partner for India. Behind this reality, lies the fact that India and France have similar conceptions of sovereignty. India is dedicated to multilateralism and cooperation, as its involvement with the UN and the WHO testifies, and its bilateral agreements with France and the United Kingdom. Both India and France are global powers, which have to compromise with security partners, and therefore need to balance global interests with their specific national security setting. They also both focus on conflict prevention, weapon non-proliferation, antiterrorism and organized crime prevention. As a token of France’s strategic proximity with India, defence minister Florence Parly met with her Indian counterparts in December of 2021, just a year after her last visit in September of 2020.

India, which had limited industrial military capacity in the early days of its independence, has several times turned to France to diversify its military supplies, in an initial strategy to guarantee its strategic freedom by not relying on too small a number of suppliers. Defence specialist Ashok Sharma writes: “India has bought 36 Rafale fighter aircraft from France under a government contract signed in September 2016. India may buy some more Rafale aircraft, apart from medium-range helicopters for its navy and upgraded French Mirage fighter aircraft and submarines”. India is upgrading its naval capacities and is receiving much attention from French defence industries. These projects go far beyond the delivery of equipment, however high-tech they may be: they represent technological transfers. Defence journalist Deepanjan Chaudhury adds: “Over the past decades, France has been part of defence production projects in India. When asked about the expansion of French presence in the defence sector under ‘Make in India’ programme, the envoy claimed that France has always been a pioneer in defence production in India and is particularly committed to

technology transfer under the Make in India programme.” As such, these contracts provide bricks for India’s sovereignty, not just temporary defence means, and will boost India’s self-sustenance in defencerelated matters. Moreover, the recent Australian betrayal of its French partners, in which Canberra broke its pledge to purchase 12 French submarines in favour of the Americans, further focused the industrial and strategic French interest on India. In this respect, the naval world is notable playground for FrenchIndian defence cooperation, with joint patrolling agreements, maritime logistics assistance and naval exercises, as reported by NDTV: “As per an official release, the Indian Navy ships and aircraft will participate in a three-day exercise at sea with ships and aircraft of the French Navy (FN), Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Japan Maritime Self Defence Force (JMSDF) and the United States Navy (USN). The exercise La Perouse, led by French Navy, has participation by FN Ships Tonnerre, an amphibious assault ship and frigate Surcouf.” The scuttling of the FrenchAustralian submarine contract, and the trilateral security agreement, between the US, the UK and Australia (AUKUS) naturally

France is expected to seize the opportunity of its presidency to strengthen and develop cooperation between the EU and India

Prime Minister Narendra Modi with European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker and European Council President Donald Tusk at the G20 Summit in Buenos Aires, Argentina Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

ANALYSIS

French President Emmanuel Macron and then Australian PM Malcolm Turnbull on the deck of HMAS Waller, a Collins-class submarine operated by the Royal Australian Navy

The Ukrainian crisis is very likely to limit the chances of a renewed approach, under French colours, of sovereignty

contributed to the reinforcement of ties between France and India. Macron’s conception of EU independence and sovereignty is deeply compatible with India’s interests. Research analyst Selen Temizer writes: “the idea of “autonomous military power” -which has been on the agenda for a long while -- is discussed more frequently at times of crisis [...] In June 2020, the EU began to work on an operational defence guide named “Strategic Compass,” and initially worked on threat analyses”. France is pushing for Europe to become a self-standing powerhouse, with its own military capabilities, ranging from industrial production to full-fledged operational command. This strategic bearing fits India’s defence interests perfectly, to maintain and protect its standing in the Indo-Pacific region. As standalone powers, India and the EU aim to maintain and develop their ability to operate freely into global matters, without depending on the American umbrella for its protection.

Ambitions meet constraints

Many security benefits can devolve from the strengthening

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of ties between the EU and India, provided they overcome two main obstacles. EIAS researcher Baptiste Dupont wrote in the aftermath of the 2022 Indo-Pacific summit: “The emphasis directed towards the new strategic centre of world affairs defines the EU’s ambition to become its own master in a world order which is being increasingly dominated by both the US and China.” The first obstacle is that conceptions of defence aren’t shared widely amongst EU members. Germany, for instance, is considered by many to have formed, alongside France, the backbone of EU construction, yet cannot conceive its own defence outside of the US-led or NATO realm. Spain, Italy and, more recently, Baltic States, are in similar positions. Additionally, all of Europe’s diplomatic and military capacities are currently focused on the emergency of war in Europe, placing long-term strategies a little bit towards the back-burner until stability returns. Economic perspectives, political ramifications and even the backlash which the economic sanctions on Russia and the sharp influx of

refugees will subject Europe to, are bound to occupy the front of the stage for some time still. Finally, the resurgence of active security threats on the European board is a windfall for NATO, which sees its legitimacy reinforced, after some internal tensions, following President Trump’s mandate. NATO is bound to place itself as the only credible defence against foreign aggressions and the main guarantee for stability which European nations can rely on. With its credible, yet humbler capacities, France aims to offer alternative contributions to peace and stability, but its leeway to push the EU towards independence seems hampered by the apparently indispensable anti-Russian stance required to handle the Ukrainian crisis. NATO’s future and predictable reinforced dominance in global affairs will be a challenge that regional powers, such as France and India, will have to contend with. The future of the EU-Indian security partnership is bound to be complex but also shows promise. It already goes way beyond the simple supply of military equipment, and its multifaceted aspect is already quite established. The Ukrainian crisis is very likely to limit the chances of a renewed approach, under French colours, of sovereignty - be it under France’s term or in years to come. It will be interesting to observe France’s capacity, in coming years, to offer alternatives to the EU, and to cultivate relations with the Indian partner, both in industrial implementation and in shared defence policy. – The writer is a defence and security industry consultant having varied experience working with medium and large companies majorly in European market. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Tens of thousands of embarked maritime flight hours Operated from more than 40 classes of ships Several thousand deck landings Powerful heavy fuel engine

EXTENSIVE

SHIPBOARD EXPERIENCE UNMANNED MARITIME ISR

Raksha Anirveda

COVER STORY

India Maps New Order Amid the Russia-Ukraine War, India has displayed the diplomatic acumen to pursue its own path of strategic autonomy – which is akin to non-alignment to an extent, but is without moralism, helping India to pursue the path towards its great-power aspirations, from a position of strength By Air Marshal DHIraj Kukreja

rior to the end of the Cold War, societies were divided by ideological differences, such as the struggle between democracy and communism. In the last two decades or so, past paradigms became ineffective in explaining or predicting the reality of any emerging global political order. Now, with the world in a turmoil, recovering from the pandemic and being plunged into the Russia-Ukraine war, the setting is all the more convoluted, with new alliances having formed between nations or groups of nations, with mutual interests, not just in the economic or security domains, but also in overturning an international order that has long advantaged the West at their expense. It is, therefore, a new world order that is incubating under the rapidly changing geopolitical scenario.

A Brief History

Before 1500 AD, civilisations were separated geographically and the spread of ideas and technology took centuries. By 1500 AD, or thereabouts, evolution in ocean navigation by Western cultures led to rapid expansion and eventual domination of ideas, values, and religion, leading to colonialism and subjugation of the weaker civilisations/nations. As the twentieth century progressed, relations moved beyond the unidirectional influence of the West on the rest of the world. Instead, nations began bilateral

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or multilateral interaction directly or through international organisations, gradually becoming interdependent, with some of the Western nations even getting influenced by smaller, lesspowerful nations around the world. However, the multi-directional interactions were not helpful in exemplifying a global political order or the notion of a single, universal culture. As the world became more modern, it simultaneously became less Western. Religion is the societal factor that has filled the vacuum created by a loss of political ideology. An increased role and

importance of religion in world politics also influenced the global political order. Major religions around the world experienced new surges in commitment, relevance, and practice by erstwhile casual believers. Religion getting involved in politics was also the result of increased communication among societies and cultures, creating bonds or friction. With the people asking for new sources of identity, new forms of stable community, and new sets of moral precepts, to provide them with a sense of meaning and purpose, turned to religion to satiate their needs. Moving well into the twentieth

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Illustrations: Budha Chandra Singh

with Ingenuity

century, the world experienced a decline in Western power and influence. There, however, are contrasting views on the West’s hold on power. One side argues that the West still has a monopoly on technological research and development, military strength, and economic consumption. The other side argues that the relative power and influence of Western countries is declining. Various traits of the Western decline can be summed up as follows: 1. The current decline is a very slow process and hence, is not really an immediate threat to cause a major disruption.

2. The decline of power does not occur as in a downward graph; it may reverse, speed up, or pause, as it has been seen, due to the varying geopolitical situations. 3. The power of a State is controlled and influenced by the behaviour and decisions of those holding power (USA under Donald Trump!). As the Western power has waned, there has been a relative rise in power and influence of non-Western countries. Analysts focussed on Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, and China as those countries, which asserted their relevance through

economic successes, displaying a decreasingly responsive stance to demands and interests from the West. The ability of Asian countries to successfully modernise and develop economically without adopting Western values supports Huntington’s assertion that the world is becoming more modernised, but less Westernised (Huntington: The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order). Muslim societies, unlike Asian societies, have asserted societal identity through the reaffirmation and resurgence of religion. The resurgence of Islam “embodies

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

COVER STORY

As an acceptance of India’s strategic value, India’s Quad partners have accepted that individual approaches may vary. Russia, has graciously appreciated India’s support in international forums, and even China although not openly, has wooed India by sending its foreign minister on an uninvited visit!

the acceptance of modernity, rejection of Western culture, and the recommitment to Islam as the guide to life in the modern world” (Huntington). Religion is the primary factor that distinguishes Muslim politics and society from other countries. Other features that have contributed to the resurgence of Islam in society are: failure of State economies, the large young population, and the authoritarian style of governance.

The Emerging Order

During the Cold War, the bipolar world order enabled countries to identify themselves as either aligned or non-aligned. In the post-Cold War world order, countries were no longer able to easily categorise themselves and seemed to be suffering from an identity crisis. Although US veteran diplomat, Henry Kissinger, stated in a World Affairs Council Press Conference in 1994 that a new world order could not form without US participation, countries have got together with similar ancestry, religion, language, values, and institutions and have distanced themselves from those with different ones. Regional organisations have formed that

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reflect political and economic alliances, such as Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), the European Union (EU); like-minded nations with common economic/security interests have also formed groups such as Brazil-Russia-India-ChinaSouth Africa (BRICS), and the latest being Australia-UK-US (AUKUS). It is not simple to comprehend the ‘new’ world order. Yes, America is in a decline, but America continues to remain a powerful country – economically, militarily, and technologically – but, once again, it is a fact that American global power has been eroding for some time. Donald Trump championing ‘America First’, led to isolationism and protectionism, where foreign commitments were limited to areas of vital US interest and economic nationalism, making the geopolitical allies and challengers alike, to pay close attention to its moves. A power shift amongst nations that began at the end of the Cold War has been accelerating this century with an increasing number of nations, asserting an independent and increasingly influential role in regional/global economic and

security developments. China threw down the gauntlet as the main challenger to America, but there are others too. The much-talked about US withdrawal from Afghanistan in August 2021, created intense competition from the three major rivals of America. Russia, notwithstanding the severe sanctions against it for the annexation of Crimea, has been involved in a ‘Special military operation’ in Ukraine for more than a month, inviting new and more severe sanctions on itself. The current situation is slowly and steadily getting Russia and China into an embrace. Iran is the other major challenger to American influence in the Middle East. After USA, under President Trump, unilaterally withdrew from the JCPOA, the nuclear agreement of 2015, Iran has steadfastly refused to have face-to-face talks with America. Since it was America that had violated the terms of the Treaty, Iran insists that it should be the one to take the first steps for the restoration too; 12 rounds of indirect negotiations in Vienna have shown some progress, but Iran has doggedly demanded the lifting of sanctions as the first step. Meanwhile Iran, has continuously been increasing its stockpile of enriched uranium, and is willing to accept the punishing effects of the sanctions, rather than succumb to American pressure. Meanwhile, the Houthi rebels of Yemen, with the tacit support from Iran, have continued with their attacks on Saudi Arabia and UAE, with little or no action from USA.

India in the new World Order

India has found itself to be involved in the current geopolitical crisis, one not of its making, and hence, in a diplomatic quagmire,

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through which, it has successfully manoeuvred, so far! Close ties with both USA and Russia, which now, are at odds with each other, placed India in far from ideal circumstances. Over the last three decades or so, India has pursued a diverse range of partnerships, while preserving its strategic autonomy – different from the Nehruvian era nonalignment; during the bipolar Cold War, diplomatic activities served national interest, but with material weaknesses. It is not the same any longer, and the current autonomy, while akin to non-alignment to an extent, is without moralism, helping India to pursue the path towards its great-power aspirations, and from a position of strength. There are several factors to suggest this hypothesis. First, consider Russia, once a great power, and today reduced to dependency on China. It would be naïve to think that Russia would not be concerned about this asymmetry. If Russia reacted as it has done in Ukraine due to the NATO knocking on its doors, would it sit twiddling its thumbs, while China makes inroads into Central Asia? India, as the largest purchaser of Russian arms, will, in probability, be used as a counter-weight in Russia’s future policies towards China. At the same time, India has shown to Russia that its support cannot be taken for granted; it has conveyed that the Russian aggression in Ukraine has imperilled Indian security interests, and has called for an end to hostilities as per the UN Charter. The second factor is China. It is closely monitoring Russia’s global isolation and would definitely not want to antagonise USA and its EU allies, lest it suffer a similar fate. China will be careful to not instigate USA by offering military/ economic assistance to Russia – a country which accounts for only two percent of its total trade – and invite retribution on itself from USA

and the EU, much more important for it! China has its own problems – internal and external - with the West not showing any relaxation on its focus on Indo-Pacific, its main business city, Shanghai, under a severe lockdown, and Xi Jinping in preparation for an unprecedented third-term starting November this year. Wooing India, looking for shared global and bilateral common ground, could have been, in all likelihood, the reason for the recent uninvited visit to India, by its foreign minister. The third factor is USA and the EU allies. In all its statements at the UN and in private engagements, India has made no bones about its position; it has specified that while it does not support the Russian forays into Ukraine, it has to look after its own interests, a language which USA well understands. The carefully worded statements from the US high echelons, with offers to minimise India’s dependence on Russia, and the US’ continued focus on Indo-Pacific to contain China, are a clear indication that the Indian stand is well-understood. The fourth and last factor is India itself. A new Cold War may well be on the way. Russia in Ukraine, China’s implicit support to Russia’s misadventures, and the Western world displaying a united front, never seen earlier. Yet India, has displayed diplomatic acumen to pursue its own path of strategic autonomy. India, as aforementioned, has a wide canvas of economic/ diplomatic investments: China, notwithstanding the security issues, is India’s largest source of imports, USA is its largest buyer of exports, Russia is the prime defence supplier and Iraq and Saudi are the main oil suppliers (Qatar is largest supplier of gas). India, hence, cannot risk alienating any one nation/block. Nevertheless, India has walked a tightrope, and

managed to placate all fears while maintaining its own standing. USA has officially accepted India’s “distinct relationship” with Russia. As an acceptance of India’s strategic value, India’s Quad partners have accepted that individual approaches may vary. Russia, has graciously appreciated India’s support in international forums, and even China although not openly, has wooed India by sending its foreign minister on an uninvited visit!

Concluding Thoughts

When the clouds of war were hovering over Ukraine, in the month of February, India ran the risk of antagonising its key partners – an irate USA, ready to take India to task, a belligerent China, and an upset Russia. A month later, well into the second month of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the world now sees India appreciatively – a grateful Russia, a mellowed China (maybe temporary), and a not-so-disappointed USA, willing to increase its military support to India. A new Cold War between the Western world on one side and China and Russia on the other may well be on the way. India has managed its interests well through deft diplomacy, not mincing words where required. It has emerged as a potential peacemaker, considering its relations with the two main actors – USA and Russia – and also Ukraine. The coming world order will require India to bring forth and use all its diplomatic skills and foresight; India has the ability to do so. India has, so far, very successfully manoeuvred itself over this difficult geopolitical terrain; it must continue, without any complacency, and with renewed zest and vigour to sustain its external outreach.

A new Cold War between the Western world on one side and China and Russia on the other may well be on the way. India has managed its interests well through deft diplomacy, not mincing words where required. It has emerged as a potential peacemaker, considering its relations with the two main actors – USA and Russia – and also Ukraine

–The writer is an IAF veteran

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

guest column

Positive Indigenisation Lists: Does formal ban on imports help? amit cowshish

Certain fundamental questions of efficacy arise over three lists in the past three years banning the import of 310 defence items in order to promote India’s self reliance

ith the notification of the third ‘positive indigenisation list’ of 101 items on April 07, 2022, the Department of Military Affairs (DMA) has so far banned import of 310 defence items in the last two years. According to an official release, the new list includes ‘complex equipment and systems which are being developed and likely to translate into firm orders over the next five years’. The ban will come into effect in phases stretching up to December 2027. Much like the first two lists of 101 and 108 items—numbers considered auspicious in Hindu and some other mythologies— which were notified in August 2020 and May 2021, the third list too contains an assortment of items, ranging from devices like Deep Seaside Towing Winch, Flares and Chaffsto to complex systems like Light Weight Tank, Cadet Training Ship, Naval Utility Helicopter, and Next Generation Fast Attack Craft. The aforesaid official release claims that since the notification of the first two lists, contracts for 31 projects worth Rs 53,839 crore have been signed and Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for 83 projects worth Rs 1,77,258 crore has been accorded.

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More promisingly, procurement proposals worth Rs 2,93,741 crore are slated to be processed in the next five to seven years. The domestic defence industry is elated. While these lists showcase the industry’s capabilities and the armed forces’ cautious optimism that their requirements can be met indigenously, it is arguable if listing out of the items that cannot be imported serves any specific purpose or plays a crucial role in furthering the cause of Atmanirbharta, or self-reliance, in defence production. It is not as if the MoD may have merrily kept importing the embargoed items, as and when required, in the absence of these lists. The Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) 2016 specifically required the MoD to accord priority to procurement of items that were, or could be, indigenously designed and developed. The Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020 has made this rule more stringent. Consequently, it is only after ruling out this possibility, as well as the possibility of manufacturing the desired items in India through transfer of technology from the foreign equipment manufacturer, that permission can be granted for importing an item.

Since the notification of the first two lists, contracts for 31 projects worth Rs 53,839 crore have been signed

Considering that by MoD’s own admission, the items included in the three ‘positive indigenisation lists’ are either already being made, or can be made, in India, the aforesaid rule that has existed for at least six years now would have anyway blocked any attempt to import the listed items. Some analysts hold the view that these lists serve the purpose of advance intimation as regards the items that the armed forces will buy only from the Indian industry after the cut-off date from which the ban on import comes into effect, so that the interested companies could prepare themselves to meet the armed forces’ requirement. This is unconvincing as the objective of sensitising the industry about the needs of the armed forces over the next 15 years was to be served by

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the Technology Perspective and Capability Roadmap (TPCR). The TPCR was first notified in 2013 and subsequently revised in 2018 to include information about the estimated quantity and broad specifications of the equipment required by the armed forces to enable the industry to acquire necessary research, design, development, and manufacturing capabilities either on its own or by entering into collaborative agreements with the foreign manufacturers. There is no clarity on whether the ‘positive indigenisation lists’ supplant or supplement the last TPCR of 2018. In fact, the ‘positive indigenisation lists’, suffer from the same drawbacks which undermined the usefulness of TPCR 2013 in the sense that crucial information concerning the quantity and specifications of the embargoed items is missing from these lists. For example, it is difficult to imagine how an Indian company can figure out what is meant by ‘Integrated Stand for Instrument System’— one of the items on the list—and position itself as a potential supplier even in the absence of specifications of the system and the quantity required. Other examples include ‘COMINT (Ship Based)’, ‘Stabiliser for Ships’, ‘Spotting Scope System’, ‘See Through Armour’, ‘Integrated Stand for Instrument System’, and ‘LUNA (Optical Landing System – Aircraft Carrier)’. These are among the 101 items included in the latest list, whose import is to be banned from December 2022 to 2027 respectively. The nomenclature of these items does not give adequate indication of what is expected of the industry by the armed forces. True, the latest notification also

The message is clear: the armed forces will not wait forever for the Indian industry to manufacture the items whose import has been banned

says that ‘To maintain timelines for production, hand holding of industry by the defence services will be encouraged’, but it means little in the absence of a defined system of engagement. It is unrealistic to expect the Indian private sector industry to undertake risky projects unless there is some assurance of orders. The fact that AoNs worth Rs 1,77,258 crore have been accorded and procurement proposals worth Rs 2,93,741 crore are likely to fructify in the next five to seven years, which implies a maximum average annual expenditure of Rs 60,000 crore, may not be reassuring enough for two reasons. One, it is well established that not all AoNs result in the award of contract. And two, after allowing for the share of the Defence Public Sector Undertakings which inevitably garner a large chunk of the business, and the committed liabilities on account of the ongoing contracts, not much money may be left for procurement from the private sector in the coming years. To add to this uncertainty, the latest notification also says that ‘In

the event the Domestic Industry is not able to supply equipment in the stipulated time frame/ quantity, or where there are inadequacies in the equipment affecting safety of troops, specific cases for import could be taken up to meet immediate requirement, based on the recommendations of Defence Indigenisation Committee’. The message is clear: the armed forces will not wait forever for the Indian industry to manufacture the items whose import has been banned. This somewhat disconcerting analysis is not intended to disparage MoD’s efforts to achieve self-reliance by promoting indigenous design, development and manufacturing of the equipment, weapon systems, assorted platforms, and capabilities required by the armed forces, but to point out that it would require a better coordinated multifaceted effort to achieve selfreliance in defence. To believe that notification of the ‘positive indigenisation lists’ at regular intervals is an important step in reaching that goal is ingenuous. – The author is Ex-Financial Advisor (Acquisition), Ministry of Defence

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

DEEP TECH

QNu Labs Sets up India’s first Quantum Lab The deployment of Quantum technology-based systems for protecting the nation’s data, communications and infrastructure support systems is gaining critical traction globally. In India, the technology is still in a very nascent stage of development and requires unconventional approach of knowledge dissemination for absorption and create the skilled pool of resources for development. QNu Labs takes the mantle to proliferate Quantum technology to the next level By CAPT SUNIL SUD, IN

he ongoing Russia – Ukraine war has lessons for every nation. A nation’s security is not just dependent on its Armed Forces but to a fairly large measure, also dependent on the security systems deployed for protecting the nation’s data, communications and infrastructure support systems. Quantum technology-based systems address the latter critical need.

US and a number of European countries, over the past two decades, have invested heavily into developing Quantum computers and Quantum based data and communication security systems for safeguarding their data, communications and all their critical infrastructure support

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systems. Today, due to the massive progress made by these countries, companies like IBM and Google offer Quantum computers to academic institutions and other companies/ prospective users across the globe, for experimenting and gaining hands-on expertise in using the Quantum computers.

In the Indian context, Quantum computers and Quantum based data and communication security systems are still in a very nascent stage of development. With very little investment over the years in this critical field and near lack of appreciation of the need of such systems for safeguarding data, communication and infrastructure support systems, has virtually resulted in virtually no recognizable development in this area. The lack of critical competence in this key technology domain, has also prevented any proliferation of this technology across the industry, academic institutions and other agencies as well as the infrastructure support systems. The only way out of the current situation, is to disseminate knowledge across academic institutions, industry and user agencies for quick absorption. This in turn should lead to a pool of skilled persons becoming available to the development agencies with requisite development skills in this domain. Getting developed over a period of time, availability of such resources in turn, should provide an impetus for developing new systems/use cases. It must however be realized, that using conventional methods of competence building in the field of Quantum technology domain, will take very long. The only way to accelerate the pace of creating a pool of trained resources with Quantum expertise/awareness therefore requires an unconventional approach. One such way is to set up a Quantum lab, which can then be made accessible to a large number of people interested in this deep technology.

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QNu Labs today, is India’s leading agency, engaged in the development of Quantum based data and communication security systems. The Bengaluru based startup over the past 5 years, has developed and delivered Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNG) and other Quantum based solutions, to multiple customers both in India and abroad. These systems, have been tested in field by customers and have also undergone performance evaluation by independent agencies in Europe. Recognizing the existing knowledge gap in the domain of Quantum technology and the need to build awareness and competence in this field, QNu Labs, in discussions with the Indian Army, offered to develop and set up, the country’s first Quantum Lab at the Military College of Telecom Engineering (MCTE) at Mhow, in October 2021. This entailed modifying the already developed Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and the Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNG) systems to enable the trainees to conduct various types of tests, as part of their training. To enhance knowledge building and gain insight into the QKD system, a major effort undertaken by QNu Labs was to develop a software training package called ‘Critical Analysis Research Platform’ (CARP). This setup enables the trainee to develop understanding of quantum key distribution system by going deep inside the system. This solution allows the user to explore following aspects, amongst others:

• The details about the raw bits, percentage of error (QBER) over a large number of key generation process. • The various levels of privacy amplification. • The performance of QKD platform in terms of different parameters for e.g., key rate vs distance. • To study effectiveness of error correction. • To understand DPS protocol through the various experiments. • Experiment on weak coherent source such as HBT test. • Impact of source characteristics on the QKD performance. • Applying non ideal parameters and studying their impact on QBER. • Effect on the self-interference outcomes due to the variable encoding • Change in the key rate by varying the attenuation and pulse width of the optical pulse. Consequent to the setting up of the Quantum Lab, QNu Labs is actively working with the MCTE team in deploying some of the solutions that have since been evolved. It is anticipated that using these solutions, the trainee students can be asked to create new use cases. This will demonstrate the trainee’s understanding of the underlying Quantum technology. QNu Labs is now further venturing into helping proliferate Quantum technology to its next level. It is currently working towards setting up a Quantum Lab within

Recognizing the existing knowledge gap in the domain of Quantum technology and the need to build awareness and competence in this field, QNu Labs, in discussions with the Indian Army, offered to develop and set up, the country’s first Quantum Lab at the Military College of Telecom Engineering (MCTE) at Mhow, in October 2021

its own premises that would be made available to users across academic institutions and key organizations for use, during non-working hours in the pay per use model. This, the company believes, will attract those who have a penchant for Quantum technology but lack access to live systems for gaining hands-on experience. This initiative, it is anticipated, will get a large number of students excited enough to actively sign up for using the systems and thereby learning this deep technology. This will further pave the path to create a sizable pool of resources, with reasonable exposure to Quantum technology, in a relatively short period of time. This, perhaps best describes QNu Labs belief and efforts in addressing the lack of most critical resource within the country that prevents large scale advancement in the domain of Quantum technology-skilled manpower. –The writer is a veteran Electrical Officer, having served the Indian Navy for over 23 years. He has worked in the IT industry for 15 years, including heading operations for the company in Europe and as a Consultant guided the senior leadership of diverse companies. He currently heads the Defense Business Unit at QNu Labs

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

INSIGHT

Atmanirbharta: A Key Requirement of Future Electronic-Centric Warfare In future warfare, enhanced situational awareness will be the key differentiator. With the negative side of using unsecured commercial technology in a live war (Russia-Ukraine War) exposed, it’s imperative from national security perspective to have indigenously developed technology to ensure decisive edge on the adversaries…. By Sai Pattabiram

limpses of Future Electronic Centric Warfare : The very mention of Future Warfare starts with previously unheard of words like UAV’s, UGV’s, USV’s, Anti Drone Systems Situational awareness, Loitering Munitions, Directed Energy Weapons (DEW’s), RF Bandwidth Optimization and a host of other technologies. Glimpses of the devastative power of Loitering Munitions and the devastation caused by them coupled with the lack of an effective Anti-drone solution in the Azerbaijani Armenian War of 2020 for Nagrno Karabakh was the first use case of these Asymmetric technology products

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and to say the results were beyond imagination itself would be an understatement. It really shook the very fundamentals of warfare that the world was used to because the range and the effectiveness of Azeri loitering munitions amounted to a estimated loss

in excess of $ 4000 Billion on the Armenian side hugely disproportional to the value to resources deployed by Azerbaijan. Azerbaijani army deployed cutting-edge weapon systems from its arsenal into the battlefield, including advanced Loitering munitions like the Turkish Bayraktar, Israeli Harop, Orbiter, Skystriker apart from Israeli MALE, HALE UAV’s, gave the Azerbaijanis a situational awareness and strike capability including use of Anti-Tank Missiles & Air defence systems that no army ever got in any active war zone. It is the situational awareness

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that was clearly the difference between victory and defeat. While the Azeri – Armenian War bought out the devastating side of better situational awareness between traditional and future warfare technologies, the ongoing Russian Ukrainian Conflict highlighted some of the pitfalls of using the same unsecured COTS (Commercial Off the Shelf) products on both sides. The use of Chinese DJI (COTS) Drones in armed forces across the world including an estimated 1.5 - 2 lac pieces among Indian Defence forces is a well-documented and accepted situation despite the huge National Security risks associated with it. Both the Ukrainian and Russian Armies being no exceptions are using them for better situational awareness. It is in this case that the requirement for better situational awareness on the Ukrainian side coupled with China’s alignment with Russia, the negative side of using unsecured commercial technology in a live war was exposed. Here again enhanced situational awareness for the Russians enabled precise targeting. With an estimated 1.5 – 2 lac pieces of Chinese DJI drones operated by the Indian Defence forces, the outcome as far as India is concerned would be similar to that of the Ukrainians. Both these instances illustrate t hat enha nced sit ua t iona l awareness thanks to advanced electronic centric technologies is emerging to be a key requirement in Future Warfare. “Enhanced Situational Awareness coupled with instant strike capabilities using loitering munitions and missiles

are critical to translate the situational awareness advantage into favourable outcomes “

Key Technologies Enhancing Situational Awareness & Instant Strike Capabilities

All technologies associated with these key requirement of future warfare are essentially an electronic layer on top of existing Equipment like Tanks, Drones etc. These electronic layers essentially involve the following core technologies: 1. L o w l a t e n c y W i r e l e s s Communication 2. Realtime Remote Unmanned or Autonomous Control 3. Low Latency high band width Image /Video Acquisition , Transmission and processing 4. High Accuracy Geo Location

While the Azeri – Armenian War bought out the devastating side of better situational awareness between traditional and future warfare technologies, the ongoing Russian Ukrainian Conflict highlighted some of the pitfalls of using the same unsecured COTS (Commercial Off the Shelf) products on both sides

Conclusion Hence from a National Security Perspective developing ATMANIRBHAR domestic capabilities in these technologies is absolutely essential for India especially given our neighbouring Geo Political environment. –The author is Director of Sree Sai Aerotech Innovations Pvt Ltd.

Raksha Anirveda April - june 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Analysis: Space

Future Military Space for India

hile the militarisation of space is being led by the Big Three – US, China and Russia, most nations are developing military space-based capabilities for support to operations on ground. In the context of India, space domain activities need to be pursued on the following fronts. Development of strategy/ roadmap for the future space—will need to address issues of economy, military and collaborations l Military space-based capabilities for the Armed Forces l Preparation for space warfare— defensive and offensive l Buildup of a military civil integrated space capability l Technology development in the space field

Roadmap for the Future Space

and military needs, development of a military civil integrated industrial space complex and an R&D effort to support the proposed growth in the space sector. Purely from the economic point of view/ heavy investment needs, collaborations with other countries in certain spheres like technology development, SSA (Space Situational Awareness) will have to form a part of this initiative and will need to be factored in while drawing out a roadmap.

Peculiarities of space domain such as dual use of technology and space assets—necessitate a complex roadmap including both military and the civil/commercial side. A long-term plan will need to include both civilian/commercial

Military space capabilities can broadly be divided into two operational contexts i.e., space support to military operations

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Military Space-Based Capabilities for the Armed Forces

and space warfare. Space Support to Military Operations: Space domain offers capabilities of the high ground to military operations encompassing the field of communication, navigation, surveillance, reconnaissance, intelligence gathering (ELINT & SIGINT included). Today, militaries cannot fight without space support, the nonavailability of which raises the risk of military defeat. Space Warfare: Militarization of space which involves the placement and development of

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weaponry and military technology in outer space has led to the issue of space domain warfare. The US and China have already established independent forces to address space domain warfare. While China established the Strategic Support Force in 2015, which handles the fields of space, cyber, and the electromagnetic spectrum, the US established the Space Force in December 2019. Given the existing geopolitical situation, in the Indian context, of immediate concern is the development of capabilities pertaining to space support to military operations with the peripheral focus on developing space warfare capabilities—more focused on defensive capabilities (in the near future) so as to retain the space support function in face of adversarial action. Offensive space domain capabilities need to be developed as a deterrent. These will be heavily technology-dependent and should be our long term aim. Space Support to Military Operations: Space support to

military operations capabilities include intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), launch detection, environmental monitoring, satellite communications, and positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT). Enumerated below are broad contours of the desired capability under each function:

Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR)

Space-based sensors perform ISR that contribute to battlespace awareness in all domains. Options for sensors range from electrooptical, IR, SAR, Hyperspectral to ELINT/COMINT, providing an opportunity to address a wide EM spectrum and provide inputs unhindered by weather, sunlight conditions or operations on ground. Satellite Constellations for ISR need to be based on a layered architecture akin to the US Space Force. These layers could be persistent surveillance, broad area

coverage and a high resolution layer. Design characteristics need to ensure capability for both tactical and strategic ISR functions. Certain key points for planning the space segment could be: l Sub metric resolution for the High Resolution layer and viable military resolutions for the broad area coverage and persistent surveillance layers l Varied local times of satellite passes l Inclined orbits for better coverage at certain latitudes l Number of constellations to ensure revisit capability to meet operational imperatives l Multi sensor satellites to economise on numbers l Use of small satellite constellations to build in redundancy against adversary’s counter-space ops l Develop a quick launch capability with an aim to fill in voids or meet surge requirements guided by operational requirements l A demand to delivery cycle of not more than 04 hours; commercially, Capella Space, a US firm, is promising 90 mins l A data relay system based on Geostationary satellites for quick transmission of acquired data from satellites to the ground earth stations. If this capability is achieved in the reverse loop, it will facilitate the commanding function of satellites too l Cyber security hardening against cyber measures The ground segment which consists of ground earth stations, data processing, transmission of data to analysis centres, satellite control, analysis centres, would need detailed attention to ensure detailed ISR function and military payoffs from the capability proposed to be developed. To facilitate efficient exploitation of the space segment, key ground segment infrastructure needed is enumerated below:

Collaborations with other countries in certain spheres like technology develop-ment, SSA will have to form a part of this initiative

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Analysis: Space Multiple geographically spread out ground earth stations in adequate numbers to ensure redundancy and simultaneous data download capability. l 2-3 data processing centres based on high-end computing so as to deliver products to the troops on ground with least amount of delay l A sou nd, fa st a n d secu re communication system to transfer data to the relevant Command and Control Centres l Cyber security hardening of all channels involved in transmission of data l Given the quantum of data generated; Artificial Intelligence support to detect and analyse the needed information will be operationally critical l

While China established the Strategic Support Force in 2015, the US established the Space Force in December 2019

Launch Detection

Launch detection is accomplished by space-based sensors to provide real-time intelligence and postlaunch analysis to determine orbital characteristics and evaluate threat to own assets enabling timely countermeasures. This capability will need to be based on a geostationary asset, data fusion along with a robust Command and Control system based on secure communications will be critical in operationalising this capability.

Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring includes both for space (SSA-Space Situational Awareness) and from space i.e meteorological and oceanographic data. From space provides data on meteorological, oceanographic, and environmental factors that may affect military operations. SSA: Monitoring the space domain provides data and warnings on space environmental factors including adversary actions that may affect space assets and space operations. Inputs From

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space environmental monitoring are critical for military operations especially Naval operations; in this field, we have achieved adequate capability which needs to be constantly upgraded to support military ops. SSA, on the other hand, is not limited to a particular geographical area on ground and would be highly resource intensive. The US and China and other major countries have adopted a collaborative approach to achieve this capability; a similar approach is recommended in our context as well.

Satellite Communications

SATCOM capability is a critical component of providing command and control to military forces. Secure SATCOM would mitigate the disruption, denial or exploitation attempts of communication services by adversaries.

Positioning, Navigation, and Timing

Space-based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) is a utility with multi-use services from navigation by troops to weapon guidance. The underlying factor to achieving these capabilities would be the man behind the machine and there is a strong need to create specialists in the Armed Forces to lead this growth in capability. Space Warfare The ASAT test— Mission Shakti in March 2019 did announce to the world of India’s counterspace capability, being the fourth such country in the world to possess such tech. While we focus on Offensive measures it will be difficult to catch up with the Chinese as the growing Chinese counterspace threat, although aimed primarily at the US, nonetheless threatens India. Defensive measures in the near term are essential while the resource and technology

intensive offensive measures could continue to be pursued.

Preparation for Space Warfare – Defensive and Offensive

Threat: India primarily faces counterspace threat from China as the Chinese counterspace capabilities are wide-ranging, spanning the entire gamut from lethal to silent means. l China has operationalised Units equipped with ASAT missiles the SC-19 and its successor the DN-3, in order to be able to threaten highvalue space platforms l China is developing co-orbital satellites that are designed to either manipulate trajectory or physically damage satellites through interference by mechanical means such as robotic arms, thereby rendering the spacecraft ineffective (without causing any debris) l Directed Energy Weapons. Ground based lasers andspace-based high power microwave systems are being developed as more usable alternatives to KE weapons which risk space debris. l Softer options developed by China include the capacity to mount cyber-attacks directed at ground stations which carry out Command and Control of various spacecraft on orbit, ground/air/ space-based radio frequency jammers that target the uplinks, downlinks involved in either the control of space systems or the transmission of data. Chinese counterspace threats, although at varying levels of maturity, are not notional or long term; rather, present a clear danger already. Defensive Measures. The best deterrent against the Chinese is to develop a resilient and responsive space eco system that enhances India’s capacity to use space despite

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viable for sustained activities in the space. There will be a marked shift in human activities to space which will be accompanied by clash of interest and conflicts between nations forcing armed forces to prepare for space as an operational domain. Conduct of military space operations are based on infrastructure which can broadly be divided into ground segment and space segment and the emerging technologies as the effect these two segments are enunciated below:

hostile Chinese operations. Defensive measures would include: l Effective SSA (space situational awareness). l Operationally responsive quick space launch capabilities. l Small satellite constellations to bring in redundancy. l Cyber hardening of all systems of the space and ground segment. l Integration of military space activities with the civilian space infrastructure for real time operations. l Cooperation with friendly countries to meet technology requirements and SSA. Offensive Measures: While India’s KE capability (ASAT test) has been showcased to the world, there is a need to develop and operationalise the soft kill options of jamming, spoofing, Directed Energy Weapons and cyber measures, primarily as a deterrence to Chinese threat to India’s space assets.

Buildup of a Military Civil Integrated Space Capability

Given the scope of utilization of spacebased capability—space capability today cannot be exclusively built for either military or civilian purposes. This aspect has been incorporated

by both the US and the Chinese. The Chinese concept of MCF (Military Civil Fusion) is a part of their national strategy driven at the highest levels and includes space as a major component to ensure growth of its military in the space domain. Common areas for such an endeavor in the Indian context would include the following: l R&D base l Industrial & manufacturing facilities l Launch facilities l Cyber and software l Commercial utilization of civilian capacities in remote sensing l Packaging of civilian and military capabilities as a part of foreign diplomacy

Ground Segment Emerging Technologies n

Technological Development in the Space Field

The KPMG report on space 2030 has made 30 predictions that basically deal with five main issues: l Humans living in space l Deep space exploration l Space business models l Space based data and l Sustainability in space This eco system enunciated in the report will be enabled by emerging technologies which would make it

Ground earth stations are established to communicate with the space-based assets in the present format where fixed antennas are used. Emerging technologies will facilitate direct downloading of the data by frontline troops. Recent launch of the experimental satellite by China with 6G technologies indicates the capability of high-speed data download which would shift from the present GBPS to terabits per second. This again will contribute to availability of high resolution imagery in almost real-time at the field level. Use of network of ground stations worldwide along with Geo stationary satellites will facilitate almost real-time download of data for the ISR functions. Availability of mobile data reception stations based on ships vehicles and even Manpack stations will provide the flexibility to overcome restrictions posed on fixed ground of stations due to orbital dynamics. In the field of data processing, due to better electronics hardware and software we are likely to see reduction in the processing time of data from a few hours to just a few minutes.

The underlying factor to achieving these capabilities would be the man behind the machine and there is a strong need to create specialists

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Analysis: Space

While India’s KE capability (ASAT test) has been showcased to the world, there is a need to develop and operationalise the soft kill options

Given the jump in the number of space-based assets there is going to be a voluminous increase data available which would be impossible to process manually. AI (Artificial Intelligence) will facilitate change detection and object identification leaving the image analyst for specialist tasks. For the telemetry tracking and commanding function, use of a worldwide network of ground stations and geo satellites will facilitate cutting down the demand to delivery cycle which is presently ranging from a few hours to just about 90 odd minutes. Using the same technology, it would be feasible to execute real time maneuvering of satellites as a defensive measure as also reposition satellite orbits to meet operational requirements. On the launch front, ship and aircraft-based launch of satellites will help in overcoming technical restrictions and delays of launching from geographically fixed locations.

Emerging Space Segment Technologies n

In the field of satellites, the major game changer has been small satellites

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which provide operational redundancy and system resilience while reducing costs besides facilitating capability to simultaneously launch a constellation of satellites. Better onboard propulsion systems based on ion and electric propulsion will lead to increase in satellite life. Miniaturization of electronic components and consequently the satellite payloads will lead to the options of satellites with multiple payloads. The demonstration shown by the US about a year back of carrying out in orbit satellite refueling will lead to life extension especially in the case of critical geostationary satellites. On board processing in satellites will provide processed data ready for use by troops on ground. Improvements in agility systems will provide satellites up to 60-degree agility increasing revisit capability. In the field of data relay, the emerging laser based inter satellite communication technology will facilitate high speed data transfer and quicker downloading/uploading. In the field of SSA (Space situational Awareness), availability of high precision

telescopes based both on ground and space would facilitate better space awareness picture. n Technologies for defensive capabilities presently be pursued are in the field of maneuvering of satellites, quantum communication and cyber proofing. With ISRO in the lead and participation of the private sector, the challenge for developing newer technologies will have to be vigorously pursued to take on the challenges that the space domain will offer. Initiatives will have to include the following: n An institutional mechanism of joint efforts with ISRO and private players for technology development supported by policy changes. n Provision of adequate funding for research efforts. n Mechanism for operationalizing developed technologies in a quicker time frame. n Cooperation with friendly countries for co-developing technologies/ acquiring critical technologies.

Conclusion

Military growth in the space domain is inevitable and we cannot afford to miss this bus. Militarily, space will transform from combat support role to war fighting domain. To sustain national interests in the space domain, there will be a need of offensive and defensive measures to retain ability to use the space domain while denying the same to our adversaries and to support this activity there would be a need of dedicated specialized men for space operations. – The writer has a varied military experiences serving in organisations related to space and defence procurement. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

news maker

Adani-Elbit JV, Idea Forge, Zuppa, Paras Aerospace, ADTL among 14 Drone Companies Selected as PLI Scheme Beneficiaries

ew Delhi: The Civil Aviation Ministry on April 20 released the names of 14 drone companies selected as beneficiaries of the PLI scheme. Idea Forge as well as Adani-Elbit Advanced System, a joint venture between Adani Group and Elbit Systems, Israel are among the 14 beneficiaries that have been selected under the Centre’s production linked incentive (PLI) scheme for manufacture of drones and drone components.

The fourteen selected beneficiaries includes five drone manufacturers and nine drone component manufacturers. The Union Civil Aviation Ministry had invited applications for manufacture of drone and drone components last month (March 10), based on which the provisional list of beneficiaries was released on April 20, 2022. Adani– Elbit will get PLI benefits as a drone component manufacturer. The five drone manufacturing companies are Dhaksha Unmanned Systems, Idea Forge Technology, IoTech Avigation; Omnipresent Robot Technologies and Raphe Mphibr. The drone component manufacturing companies Adani-Elbit, Paras Aerospace, Absolute Composites, Alpha Design

Technologies, SASMOS HET Technologies and ZMotion Autonomous Systems, Androitec Information Systems, Zuppa Geo Navigation Technologies and Inventgrid India. Under the PLI scheme that was announced last year, the incentive for a manufacturer of drones and drone components will be 20% of the “value addition” made by the company during the next three years. The value addition is calculated as the annual sales revenue from drones and drone components minus the purchase cost of drone and drone components.

The PLI Scheme for drone and drone component manufacturing was notified in September last year with a total incentive of Rs 120 crore spread over three financial years; nearly double the total turnover of all domestic drone makers in FY21. Eligibility criteria includes that applicants under the scheme should have an annual turnover (sales) of Rs 2 crore for drone companies; Rs 50 lakh annual turnover for drone component manufacturers; and value addition of 40 per cent of sales turnover. According to the government statement, the list of beneficiaries is likely to be expanded further since some more manufacturers are likely to exceed the eligibility criteria for the full financial year 2021-22. The final list of PLI beneficiaries is expected to be released by June 30 after detailed scrutiny of their financial results and other specified documents. A unique feature of drone PLI, as per government officials, is if a manufacturer fails to meet the value

addition threshold in 2021-22, then he will be allowed to claim the lost incentive on the subsequent year if they make up for the shortfall. Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

analysis

Combating the Dragon’s Intransigence To counter the Chinese perfidy and deception, India needs to eschew its No First Use policy of nuclear weapons, boost its conventional military strength, and shed its reticence towards military alliances By Pranay K Shome

ndia and China are two of the oldest civilisations in the world with rich culture, heritage and history. Ties between the two countries date back to ancient times. It was believed that since China is very similar to India in terms of its historical experiences and geopolitical interests, they would be natural allies. However, the post independence period of India saw the Chinese going back on their promise of brotherhood by attacking India in 1962. Over the years, Chinese border transgressions have increased manifold necessitating India to bolster its defences. However, time and again India and Indians have fallen prey to Chinese perfidy and deception. But matters changed rapidly in the aftermath of the Galwan clash of 2020 when Indian troops outwitted the PLA in acquiring dominant positions on Rezang La, Pangong Tso, Rechang La, etc. However, to provide a more solid answer to the Chinese belligerence, we require a more forceful and assertive response.

China has been engaging in wanton violation of border laws and agreements vis-a-vis India that both sides have signed over the years. The border transgressions in 2020 clearly demonstrate that China has disregarded the sanctity of the 1993 Land Border agreement and has made irrelevant irredentist claims regarding Indian territory 56

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This should begin with a change in India’s nuclear policy. The nuclear policy of India was the brainchild of the late K. Subramanyam, one of India’s foremost strategic experts on geopolitics and the father of the current astute foreign minister and career diplomat Dr Subramanian Jaishankar. India’s nuclear policy was made after intensive consultations with the defence and foreign policy elites of Indian strategic circles. India’s nuclear policy articulates a no-first use policy, unlike our neighbour Pakistan. However, if India is ever attacked with nuclear weapons then invoking domestic constitutional provisions and international legal provisions

particularly Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, the nation possess the sovereign right to retaliate with full force and with the full strength of its nuclear arsenal to debilitate the second strike capability of its adversary. Despite being a responsible nuclear power committed to the establishment and maintainence of a rules based international order, China has been engaging in wanton violation of border laws and agreements vis-avis India that both sides have signed over the years. The border transgressions in 2020 clearly demonstrate that China has disregarded the sanctity of the 1993 Land Border agreement and has made irrelevant irredentist claims regarding Indian territory. Therefore, the time has come for New Delhi to eschew its no-first use policy of nuclear weapons. While this raises the threshold of a possible nuclear confrontation between the two Asian behemoths, there is no other way. The threat of use of nuclear weapons constitute one

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ILLUSTRATION BY: BUDHA CHANDRA SINGH

India needs to boost its conventional military strength something which nonnuclear countries like Japan and Taiwan are doing keeping in mind the larger picture of the dragon’s threat

of the safest options in military tactics because the scale of annihilation the Hiroshima and Nagasaki incidents have been a lesson for the rest of the world that it is of utmost necessity to avoid nuclear war. Notwithstanding the dangers involved in eschewing its nofirst use policy, the world needs to understand the problem that India is facing, it is bound by hostile neighbours in the form of China, Pakistan and Afghanistan on its three sides and two of them have nuclear weapons in their possessions. Therefore, for the purpose of self-defence, India needs to take this hard step to deter its foes. Nuclear weapons, despite their inherently deterrent nature, are and should always be used as weapons of the last resort. So, keeping that factor in mind India needs to boost its conventional military strength something which non-nuclear countries

like Japan and Taiwan are doing keeping in mind the larger picture of the dragon’s threat. India is progressing rapidly on the path of defence modernisation and has recently highlighted its intention to develop Agni-VI, its most advanced intercontinental ballistic missile with a range of over 5,500 kilometres which when launched from India can easily target Chinese cities like Shanghai, Beijing etc. However, the size of the Chinese economy is ten times the size of India, its armed forces are almost twice the size of India and the Chinese nuclear arsenal is much more stronger than India. Therefore, it is imperative for India that besides changing its nuclear doctrine it needs to shed its reticence towards military alliances. The obvious reference here is the need for the outright militarisation of the Quad grouping which must develop a new type of military doctrine and

foreign policy agenda by placing nuclear arsenals of the Quad countries under a joint Quad command. The Quad grouping should have its own constitution just like NATO with a similar provision to Article 5.

Summing up

India, therefore, needs to keep in mind that China is not Pakistan and dealing with a country which is twice your size and the world’s second largest economy can be tough. But then as the saying goes, “when the going gets tough, the tough gets going”. Thus India needs to take hard steps to deal with the dragon’s consistently pesky territorial violations vis-avis our country. – The writer is currently working as a Research Associate at Defence Research and Studies (dras.in) and is a columnist. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

neighbourhood watch

N e w R e g i m e i n Pa k i After Imran Khan’s outburst against the US, the Shehbaz Sharif government has indeed a tough job on its hand to smoothen out ties with Washington while not annoying Moscow and Beijing

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TREADING A TIGHT By Sri Krishna

or the first time in Pakistan’s political history, Imran Khan was defeated with 174 votes in the 225-member Pakistan National Assembly on March 8, ending his term 16 months ahead of time. He is the first serving prime minister to have been removed through a noconfidence motion, without overt military or judicial intervention.

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Army Chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, former Prime Minister Imran Khan

s ta n:

ROPE

Though the Army which has been playing a major role in that country’s politics appears to have maintained a semblance of aloofness but Imran Khan’s standoff with the military over the appointment of a new ISI chief and differences over foreign policy issues had

created a rift with the military establishment. The new Prime Minister, 70-year-old Shehbaz Sharif, younger brother of former three-time prime minister Nawaz Sharif, in his address to the Assembly said, “we want good ties with India but durable peace is not possible until the Kashmir issue is resolved,” and came out with all guns blazing attacking Imran Khan saying he did not make “serious and diplomatic efforts” when India abrogated Article 370 in August 2019. Bajwa’s term as Army Chief ends in November this year and it remains to be seen what turn the relationship between the Army and the new government in Islamabad takes post his departure. In Pakistan, no prime minister has been able to complete the full five-year term in office. Three military dictators have in the past overthrown democratically elected governments in Pakistan. On many other occasions, presidents with military backgrounds or military support sent many prime ministers home. The military has always had the upper hand over the civilian government in matters of how the country should be run, nuclear doctrine framed, and foreign policy nuanced. Whenever a prime minister became too powerful and popular, the military overthrew him in the name of saving the country. Even Khan’s rise to power in 2018 had the backing of the military which sought to convey the impression that the prime minister would appear to be more in charge. However, the military appeared to gradually becoming unhappy with Khan with the main cause being that Khan could not do much, despite no credible and robust Opposition breathing down his neck in Pakistan.

Besides, Khan and the military did not see eye to eye on several issues on external relations ranging from Khan’s support for Russia’s President Vladimir Putin by being with him in Moscow on February 24 when Russian forces invaded Ukraine The country is riddled with numerous problems ranging from unemployment, inflation, and depleting forex reserves. It is crippled by poor infrastructure for education, health care, road connectivity, besides water and power supplies. While Khan’s refusal to clear the appointment of the ISI chief might have been a trigger, he and the military have also differed on who should be the next army chief. Besides, Khan and the military did not see eye to eye on several issues on external relations ranging from Khan’s support for Russia’s President Vladimir Putin by being with him in Moscow on February 24 when Russian forces invaded Ukraine. General Bajwa made his differences with Khan public by saying the invasion by Russia was very unfortunate and a huge tragedy that could not be condoned and must be stopped immediately. Since coming to power in 2018, Khan’s stand had become antiAmerican, and he had sought to move closer to China and Russia. But Gen Bajwa said that Pakistan shares a long history of excellent and strategic relationship with the US, which remains “our largest export market”. “Pakistan has excellent defence and economic ties with Ukraine while relations with Russia have been cold for a long time,” Bajwa also said.

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

neighbourhood watch

Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari

The Ukraine crisis is a sensitive issue and considering that Imran Khan was in Moscow when Ukraine invasion took place, it is indeed an uphill task for the new government to respond to it on the diplomatic front

There were several other major differences with the Pakistan Army feeling that Khan had not taken a strong stand regarding human rights violation by the Taliban. Bitter with the Taliban as it is losing soldiers in attacks near their mutual border, Pakistan’s military wants the Taliban to control extremist groups that are now spreading violence in Pakistan. The Pakistan Taliban, a terror outfit different from the Afghan Taliban, targets the military posts and installations with the declared aim to establish sharia, the Islamic law, in Pakistan.

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Imran Khan struck a deal with the Pakistan Taliban last year that led to a month-long ceasefire. This happened in October-November 2021 in the shadow of Khan-Army differences over the appointment of the ISI chief. The Pakistan Taliban resumed attacks on the Pakistan Army sites in December. In the prevailing scenario, Pakistan is an important player in the regional power play between Russia, China and the US as it is on the cross roads. Since its formation in 1947, Pakistan has always been a focal point for the big powers specially China and the US who have always sought to get that country to cosy up to them. In the present day scenario, Pakistan has numerous problems to contend with which include reviving its flagging economy, stabilising borders with Afghanistan on the Durand Line and rebalancing its ties with the major actors in the Middle

East, including Iran, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. Each of these is a major challenge for the new regime in Islamabad. After Imran Khan’s outburst against the US, the Shehbaz government has indeed a tough job on its hands to smoothen out ties with Washington. With Beijing and Washington too having none too good relations, it will be a tight rope walk for Shehbaz. The Ukraine crisis is a sensitive issue and considering that Imran Khan was in Moscow when Ukraine invasion took place, it is indeed an uphill task for the new government to respond to it on the diplomatic front. So, all in all, it is a tough path ahead for the new government in Pakistan with a spate of problems left behind by Imran Khan who had dreamt of a “Naya Pakistan.” - The writer is a senior journalist and media consultant. The views expressed are of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

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Raksha Anirveda

SECURITY WATCH

JMB and Neo-JMB: Clear and Present Danger While the Bangladesh-based JMB and Neo-JMB have spread their terror tentacles to several Indian states, what makes them exponentially dangerous is growing proximity and links to global terror groups including the Islamic State By Suraj Ganesan and Deepika Uppala

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ince its formation in 1998, the Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB)— also known as Neo-JMB more recently— has been associated with some of the most brutal attacks in the country. Working alongside the Al-Qaeda-affiliated Harkat ul Jihad Islami—Bangladesh (HUJI-B), the group sought to establish an Islamic state through political process coupled with violence.

JMB was responsible for the synchronised bombings across 50 towns and cities in Bangladesh in August 2005 and the subsequent suicide attacks against government officials, judges, lawyers, and professors. The attacks led to the arrest and execution of several senior JMB leaders, including its chief-incommand Sheikh Abdur Rahman. This coincided with multiple arrests of both HuJI-B and JMB rank-andfile members in the country forcing

the terrorist group into a period of inactivity. However, since the Shahbagh protests of 2013 in Bangladesh and the incursion of the Islamic State (IS) into the South Asian nation, JMB has continued to evolve and carry out attacks. The group has also demonstrated its ability to conduct cross-border attacks in India—notably the Burdwan blasts in 2014. This article briefly explores the threat posed by JMB (or Neo-JMB) in

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India. Through spacio-temporal analysis, the article asserts that while the group has failed to carry out significant attacks since 2014, it still retains the ability to remain resilient and conduct operations, posing significant threat to the Indian security establishment.

JMB’s India Venture

A few days before the Burdwan blast in 2014, officials found smuggled pamphlets from Bangladesh being distributed secretly in West Bengal. These pamphlets talked of establishing a caliphate in Bangladesh that would eventually expand into India—especially in West Bengal and Assam. Although JMB came into the limelight in India following the 2014 blast, its erstwhile leader— Sheikh Abdur Rehman—had confessed about the group’s presence in Murshidabad (West Bengal), near the India-Bangladesh border since 2001. Furthermore, the group has also conducted recruitment operations in West Bengal since 2007. It has also relied on the porous Indo-

Bangladesh border to smuggle drugs, weapons, materials for explosives, and people. Following the Burdwan blast, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) of India uncovered a sprawling network of the group in the border regions tied with madrassas and mosques for recruitment and training in explosives and weapons. According to the data on the SATP portal, as many as 200 members have since been arrested in India with 59 arrests made in Assam. With the advent of the Islamic State in South Asia, JMB largely shifted its modus operandi to synchronise with the IS objectives in the region. Furthermore, members of JMB have also worked closely with the IS affiliated Jund al-Tawheed wal Khilafah (JTK) in Bangladesh to carry out attacks on Shia Muslims, foreigners, and places of worship. With increasing pressure from law enforcement, JMB splintered into multiple smaller groups like the Neo-JMB and the Islamic State in Bangladesh (ISB), whose members further worked together to plan and carry out operations.

Enter Neo-JMB Following the attack on the Holey Artisan Bakery in Dhaka in 2016, members of Neo-JMB used the Indo-Bangladesh border to escape the ensuing crackdown by law enforcement. Subsequently, the group was involved in the low-intensity blast in Bodh Gaya (Bihar) during the Dalai Lama’s visit in early 2018, which it claimed to carry out to avenge the violence against the Rohingyas in Myanmar. Currently, neo-JMB is active mostly in the northern part of West Bengal and Assam in India. Since 2014, Neo-JMB’s predecessor, JMB, was actively recruiting, setting up bases in Northeast India. Arrests of JMB members the following year revealed that the group trained with militants associated with United Liberation Front of Asom—Independent (ULFA-I), National Socialist Council of Nagaland—Khaplang (NSCN-K), and Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam (MULTA). Subsequently, arrest of several

The group has also demonstrated its ability to conduct cross-border attacks in India— notably the Burdwan blasts in 2014

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

SECURITY WATCH

There has been an ‘unprecedented increase’ in the recruitment and activity of neo-JMB since the COVID-19 lockdown in the country

Neo-JMB members in April 2021 led to the discovery that the group had leveraged its predecessor’s fraternity with members of the aforementioned militant groups while seeking refuge in the already established JMB bases in Northeast India. Moreover, according to intelligence agencies, there has been an ‘unprecedented increase’ in the recruitment and activity of neoJMB since the COVID-19 lockdown in the country. Reports suggest that Neo-JMB personnel masqueraded as members of Tablighi Jamaat to recruit in areas housing Bangladeshi refugees. The group is observed to be following its predecessor’s recruitment practices, using

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extensive madrassa and mosque networks in the region. Members of Neo-JMB have also been arrested on several dacoity cases (presumably to raise funds) in Bangalore between 2014-2018. According to the NIA chief, the group was known to have around two dozen hideouts in the city. Furthermore, its members have also been arrested for test-firing rockets in the Krishnagiri hills along the Karnataka-Tamil Nadu border.

Implications and Conclusion

While the nature of alliance between JMB and Neo-JMB is unclear, experts such as Animesh Roul point to the evidence of

cooperation between the two groups in India. This is further corroborated by several inquisitions. Investigation into the Bodh Gaya blast revealed the involvement of members of both JMB and NeoJMB. Similar cooperation was also observed from the investigation into the Bangalore dacoities. Despite the uncertain nature of alliance, it is evident that the two groups constantly exchange weapons, training, manpower, and share strategic objectives. Sweeping arrests and a sustained probe of a JMB sleeper cell by the Madhya Pradesh anti-terror squad (ATS) on March 13 of this year has revealed the possibility of JMB having its presence in 8-10 states in India. Such presence of the group across the nation point to the existence of sympathizers and supporting elements in the country. Moreover, with established routes of smuggling through the Indo-Bangladesh border, JMB and Neo-JMB have been able to move across the borders with ease. The routes have also helped with recruitment, raising funds, weapons transfer, and carrying out subversive activities in West Bengal, Assam, and Jharkhand. The groups’ ideological affiliations with transnational terrorist groups such as IS could further prove to be a threat to the security of India and Bangladesh. The latter is known to rely on regional affiliates to further its goals. JMB and neo-JMB will continue to pose a threat in the coming years, especially in terms of recruitment and planning of operations. Constant monitoring of the groups’ movements and activities are crucial to stay ahead of the curve. – Suraj Ganesan is a Counter-Terrorism Analyst at COVINTS, Bangalore. Deepika Uppala is a research intern with COVINTS. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

spotlight

SSS Defence Delivers Indigenous Upgrade Kit for AK-47s to Indian Army

ew Delhi: SSS Defence recently completed the delivery of its proprietary upgrade kits to the Army. In October 2021, the Bengaluru based company had won the contract for upgradation of AK 47 rifles from an elite unit (Para Special Forces) of the Army beating Israel’s Fab Defense, which enjoyed a monopoly in the Indian market over the upgrade of AK-47s.

With the closure of supply to a small order - a key turning point for SSS Defence, the company expects to get a larger contract to upgrade another Kalashnikov rifle; the Drangunov Sniper Rifle (DSR). The Northern Command has come out with a Request for Proposal (tender) for the upgrade of 90 pieces of the nearly three-decade-old rifle. Overall, the Army is estimated to have anywhere between 6,000 and 7,000 pieces of the DSR. The indigenous upgrade solution provides more stability to the everdependable AK-47 assault rifle and makes it more deadlier. As India continues to rank among the largest importers of infantry systems, the success of indigenous tech will further spur more startup’s and established OEM’s (Original Equipment Manufacturers) to venture into the area. According to the company, the upgrade kit package included rugged dust cover, a new gas tube, quad rail fore-end and a flash suppressor. The flash suppressor allows an optic to be mounted along the full length

rail along with an under-barrel grenade launcher (UBGL) on the bottom rail. The upgrade significantly reduces recoil with a new tactical buttstock with a built-in monopod and adjustable cheek rest. The new tactical, foldable butt stock, allows the soldier to operate it better. There is no need for external locking mechanism. The new dust cover allows mounting of sights to help the soldier aim, a feature that the AK-47 lacked until now. There have been changes to the front part, which will allow mounting of a bipod or a knife when needed. The package recoils significantly, and it also helps in reducing ‘pull up to the right’

The AK-47s are a preferred choice because of their dependability and ease of use. The upgrades allow the soldier better grip, firing position, and accuracy. These upgrades are being done at the unit level

traditional to the AK system. Several programs are underway as the Indian army and paramilitary have been trying to modernise their arsenal. Para military and state police forces too are aiming to upgrade to modern day sub machine guns, pistols, sniper rifles and carbines. Having indigenous products to serve these requirements is a major advantage as it ensures continuation of training and missions amidst technological shifts and geopolitical developments. According to a source in the defence and security establishment, “The AK-47s are a preferred choice because of their dependability and ease of use. The upgrades allow the soldier better grip, firing position, and accuracy. These upgrades are being done at the unit level.” SSS Defence has forged a different path and has been working on creating its own Intellectual Property in this domain. The company has its own portfolio of India designed and manufactured sniper rifles, assault weapons, carbines and legacy upgrades. With the inclusion of upgrade programme in the negative import list put out by the defence ministry in August 2020, future roadmap for the company looks bright. Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

DEFENCE COOPERATION

For India, Africa is a potential market for defence equipment As Africa has become the fastest urbanising region of the world, India looks for opportunities for wider cooperation on defence issues. India’s focus is on Africa as a potential market for defence equipment. India and Africa hold defence minister-level talks every two years. A significant number of military officers from African countries are undergoing training courses in India. The Africa-India Field Training Exercises began in March 2019. And, the Indian Ocean Rim Association has eight African member countries By Devendra Singh

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ith Africa becoming the fastest urbanising region of the world, it has provided opportunities to countries willing to risk billions in an infrastructure building revolution, unlike anything the world has seen before. By 2050, Africa’s 1.1 billion population is slated to double, with 80 per cent of this growth happening in cities The population of Lagos alone is growing by 77 people per hour. By 2025 more than 100 cities in Africa will contain over a million people.

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The IMF recently declared Africa the world’s second-fastest-growing region, and many are predicting that it is well on its way to becoming a $5 trillion economy, as household consumption is expected to increase at a 3.8 per cent yearly clip to $2.1 trillion by 2025. China has become a central player in Africa’s urbanisation push, as a huge percentage of the continent’s infrastructure initiatives are being driven by Chinese companies and/ or backed by Chinese funding.

Destination for Indian defence products

India’s focus is on Africa as a potential defence market for Indian defence equipment and platforms. It needs special nurturing and focus. In near future, it can develop into a vibrant export destination for Indian defence products. India says it is focusing on the region as a potential

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Defence Minister Rajnath Singh along with the leaders of various African nations at the India-Africa Defence Ministers Conclave on the sidelines of DefExpo 2020 in Lucknow

sustainable and mutually beneficial terms. India’s partnership with Africa is an open partnership with all the possibilities and avenues for collaboration open from India’s side, Singh said.

Dialogue for opportunities

market for domestic defence equipment, including UAVs, arms and ammunition, as the country aims for military exports worth $5 billion in the next five years. “India is geared up to provide Offshore Patrol Vessels, fast interceptor boats, body and vehicle armour, Night Vision Goggles, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Dornier aircraft and arms and ammunition to our African counterparts,” Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said while addressing the Indo-Africa Defence Ministers’ Conference, which was attended by 12 African defence ministers and representatives from a total of 38 countries. After the conference, the delegates called for deeper cooperation in the domain of defence industry, including through investment, joint ventures in defence equipment software, digital defence, research and development, provisioning of defence equipment, spares and their maintenance on

With the second-largest army in the world, India has portrayed itself as a responsible stakeholder in the international system and has employed its military in defence cooperation activities at the global level. India holds defence ministerlevel talks with Africa in order to strengthen cooperation. The talks named Defence Dialogue is organised on the sidelines of the DefExpo every two years. The broad theme of the talks is India–Africa: Adopting Strategy for Synergizing and Strengthening Defence and Security Cooperation. This dialogue gives both sides opportunities to explore new areas of convergence in various areas such as maritime security, cyber security, counterterrorism, capacity building and training of defence personnel. India and Africa being connected by the vast Indian ocean have had a close relationship for a long. The foundation of the defence relations between the two is based on two principles: SAGAR - Security and Growth for All in the Region. And,

India and Africa being connected by the vast Indian ocean have had a close relationship for a long. The foundation of the defence relations between the two is based on two principles: SAGAR Security and Growth for All in the Region. And, Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam the entire Training and peacekeeping –world is one A significant number of military family Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam – the entire world is one family. The first Defence Dialogue was held on the sidelines of the DefExpo in Lucknow in 2020. The conclave was jointly organised by the ministry of external affairs and the ministry of defence. A joint declaration was made at the meeting, which was named the Lucknow Declaration, which was adopted in the presence of Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and his counterparts from 12 African nations and heads of delegations from 38 other African countries. A total of 50 African nations signed the declaration along with India at the conclave. The Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses will be the knowledge partner of the Defence Dialogue. It will assist in providing necessary support for enhanced defence cooperation between India and Africa.

officers from African countries have been undergoing training courses in India at various levels. Our high standards of training and infrastructural facilities are the major contributing factors behind this. The availability of Englishspeaking officers, among the African armies, to a great extent, facilitates

Indian Navy offshore patrol vessel INS Saryu

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

DEFENCE COOPERATION

Afindex Exercise

Indian women peacekeepers arrive in Monrovia to serve in the UN Mission

India has set up various defence academies in Tanzania, Nigeria and Ethiopia and deployed training teams in Uganda, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Zambia, Seychelles, Mauritius and Tanzania

imparting of training to officers. Almost one-third of the 54 African nations are engaged with India in the training fields. India has set up various defence academies in Tanzania, Nigeria and Ethiopia and deployed training teams in Uganda, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Zambia, Seychelles, Mauritius and Tanzania. The Indian defence forces provided humanitarian assistance and conducted disaster relief operations during major disasters, including the 2019 cyclone IDAI in Mozambique and the mass evacuation of stranded people from 41 countries in 2018.

Field Training Exercises

The Africa-India Field Training Exercises began in March 2019. The exercises focused on the exchange of best practices between participating nations, team building and tactical-level operations in the conduct of the United Nationsmandated tasks. The opening

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ceremony of the inaugural Afindex-19 was held at the Aundh Military Station, Pune. Contingents from 17 African nations along with a contingent of the Maratha Light Infantry participated in it. India has been one of the largest contributors to peacekeeping in Africa. It has participated in all the UN peacekeeping missions in Africa and has had sizeable contingents in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Southern Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea. India and Africa have come together for anti-piracy operations as well. The African Union leaders want to strengthen their cooperation with India in enhancing peacebuilding efforts, including support to the African Standby Force through courses and peacekeeping training centres in Africa. The African leaders also underlined the need for greater involvement of Troop Contributing Countries, who are the members of the UN, not only in peacekeeping training but also in the decisionmaking process. The leaders further called for cooperation in defence industry including investment and joint ventures in defence equipment software, research & development, provision of defence equipment and their maintenance. They recognised various common security challenges such as terrorism and extremism, organised crime including human trafficking, piracy,

transnational crime, drug trafficking and weapon smuggling and agreed to fight against them together and ensure no territory under their control is used to launch terror attacks on other nations. They called for the strengthening of the UN Counter-Terrorism mechanisms and ensuring strict compliance with the UN Security Council sanctions on terrorism. They also urged the international community to look into adopting the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism in the UNGA.

Maritime cooperation

India has always been urging the African nations to participate in various multilateral frameworks within the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). An India-led initiative - Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) based in Mauritius has eight African member countries, including the strategic island states such as Madagascar and Comoros. Then there is the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium, which is a multinational naval mechanism that was established in 2008 by the Indian Navy. This has been set up to help in fostering greater interoperability and shared awareness in the maritime domain. There are six African countries as its member — Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Mauritius, South Africa and Seychelles. India and Africa have sought to increase cooperation in preventing maritime crimes, piracy, unregulated fishing and securing sea lanes of communication through regular information exchange and surveillance. India needs to establish a system of regional cooperation with the Indian Ocean littoral countries to combat threats emanating from non-state actors, particularly those related to terrorism, armed robbery and piracy. -The writer is a Delhi-based freelance journalist who has been connected with the various national and international newspapers for three decades

spotlight

MKU Becomes the First Private Sector Company to Receive the ToT of Driver Night Sight for T-90 Tanks from DRDO ew Delhi: MKU Ltd., a global defence and homeland security company, is the first private sector company to receive the TOT (Transfer of Technologies) of Driver Night Sight for T-90 Tanks from IRDE (Instruments Research & Development Establishment), DRDO (Defence Research & Development Organisation), Ministry of Defence, Government of India, for their Netro TD-5100 Driver Night Sight. With an aim to provide platform optronics solutions like Driver Night Sight (DNS) for tanks and other armoured vehicles for Indian armed forces, the DRDO observed the need to partner and get on board private defence and homeland security companies. DRDO found MKU a suitable applicant to partner with for transferring the technology for driver night sights for T-90 tanks due to the befitting infrastructure, R&D and production capabilities of MKU. They observed MKU's global footprint and presence in over 100 countries along with its experience of successfully armouring over 3000 platforms, its infrastructure spread out over 4 manufacturing facilities, spanning over 4,00,000 square feet, across India and Germany, and its in-house R&D Centre recognised by the Ministry of Science and Technology, India. MKU has built a steady and growing reputation for ‘Making in India, for the World’. The Netro TD-5100 Driver Night Sight enhances the situational awareness of tank operators by accurately analysing the contours of the terrain, especially during full night operations, which are a significant challenge faced by tank commanders and operators who operate without

such sensors. This driver night sight offers enhanced viewing capabilities and operability to tank operators with their thermal and optic sensors while moving or manoeuvring in formations, or when carrying out operations with ground forces and dismounted soldiers. The Netro TD-5100 Driver Night Sight also enhances the detection range of tanks manoeuvring at faster speeds thereby enabling them to detect and recognise the presence of friend or foe entities, i.e. artillery guns,

infantry troops, weapons, engineering equipment, AAD (Army Air Defence) guns or other equipment, to allow the tank commanders and crew to take better decisions at safer distances. The Technology of the Netro TD-5100 Driver Night Sight In addition, the device is smartly designed to remain a minimal maintenance solution that form-fits on to existing T-90 platforms without the need for cutting through the armour. It is also compatible for use with all T series tanks, BMPs and other armoured vehicles. Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

TECH buzz

NASA Develops 3D Printing Alloy GRX-810, Boasts Remarkable Performance Improvements Over Existing Aerospace Alloys The new development in 3D printing alloy is considered to be a major breakthrough. The use of alloy for high-performance aerospace systems would ensure more strength and durability of the components and parts used in aviation and space exploration

n a major breakthrough in alloy which could be used for high-performance aerospace systems, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), has developed an all-new metal 3D printing alloy GRX-810 which is an example of an oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy: a metal containing nanoscale oxide particles. The material can reportedly withstand temperatures of over 1090°C (2000°F), while being more malleable than existing aerospace alloys. The metal alloy developed by NASA innovators dramatically improves the strength and durability of the components and parts used in aviation and space exploration, resulting in better and longer-lasting performance. The alloy GRX-810, can survive more than 1,000 times longer than existing state-of-the-art alloys and used to build aerospace parts for high temperature applications, like those inside aircraft and rocket engines, because ODS alloys can withstand harsher conditions before reaching their breaking point. According to Dale Hopkins, deputy project manager of NASA’s Transformational Tools and Technologies project, “this breakthrough is revolutionary for materials development. New types of

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stronger and more lighter materials play a key role as NASA aims to change the future of flight.” The production of ODS alloys for extreme environments being a challenging and expensive method, agency researchers used computational models to determine the alloy’s composition. The team then leveraged 3D printing to uniformly disperse nanoscale oxides throughout the alloy, which provides improved high-temperature properties and durable performance. This manufacturing process is more efficient, cost effective, and cleaner than conventional manufacturing methods. These alloys have major implications for the future of sustainable flight. For example, when used in a jet engine, the alloy’s higher temperature and increased durability capability translates into reduced fuel burn and lower operating and maintenance costs. It affords engine part designers

new flexibilities like lighter materials paired with vast performance improvements. Designers can now contemplate tradeoffs they couldn’t consider before, without sacrificing performance. “Previously, an increase in tensile strength usually lowered a material’s ability to stretch and bend before breaking, which is why our new alloy is remarkable. NASA intends to use its latest innovation to 3D print hightemperature components for systems such as rocket engines, claiming it can ultimately enable improved fuel efficiency and lower maintenance costs. The agency has already used the alloy to 3D print a turbine engine combustor, a monolithic part designed to mix fuel and air,“ said Hopkins. “Applying these two processes has drastically accelerated the rate of our materials development. We

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NASA Alloy grx-810

can now produce new materials faster and with better performance than before,” said Tim Smith, a material research scientist at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland and one of the inventors of this new alloy. Using thermodynamic modeling, one of many computational tools discussed within the NASA 2040 Vision Study, the team discovered the optimal alloy composition after only 30 simulations. “The performance of this alloy clearly demonstrates the modeling tool’s maturity and ability to produce significant results,” said Steve Arnold, materials and structures technical discipline lead at NASA Glenn. This new alloy is just one example of how the Transformational Tools and Technologies project delivers innovative solutions through

foundational research and crosscutting tools. Owing to the harsh nature of outer space, NASA’s materials R&D efforts aim to enable enhanced mechanical properties in extreme environmental conditions. GRX810 is the epitome of this, as it boasts ‘remarkable performance improvements’ over many of today’s leading alloys such as Inconel. GRX-810’s impressive blend of characteristics is due, in large part, to NASA’s new alloy development process. In this case, 3D printing technology was combined with thermodynamic modeling to achieve the material’s breakthrough performance. ODS alloys tend to be difficult and costly to develop, so NASA’s researchers initially had to use computational models to fine-tune GRX-810’s composition. The team leveraged thermodynamic modeling

to determine exactly which metals to combine and in what amounts. Then, the researchers utilized laserbased 3D printing to uniformly disperse the nanoscale oxides throughout the alloy’s matrix, which is what provides the temperature resistance and strength properties. According to Hopkins, the process of ODS development usually takes years and is largely based on trial-and-error. Using this new combination of computational modeling and 3D printing, the researchers managed to slash the development time down to just a matter of weeks. In the case of GRX810, the thermodynamic modeling approach allowed the NASA team to discover the optimal alloy composition in just 30 simulations. “Applying these two processes has drastically accelerated the rate of our materials development. We can now produce new materials faster and with better performance than before,” said Tim Smith, a material research scientist at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland. The wider aerospace sector is no stranger to metal 3D printing technology. Recently, propulsion system manufacturer Aerojet Rocketdyne used 3D printing to optimize a key component of its Reaction Control System (RCS) quad thruster with the help of nTopology’s design software. Elsewhere, aerospace giant Boeing recently unveiled a new high-throughput 3D printing facility for the production and testing of small satellites. Spanning one million square feet, the facility is housed within the world’s largest satellite factory in El Segundo and will be powered by Boeing’s subsidiary Millennium Space Systems. In order to increase the rapid delivery timelines for small satellites, the facility will 3D print entire space-qualified satellite buses and is expected to be fully operational in late 2022.

The alloy GRX-810, can survive more than 1,000 times longer than existing state-of-theart alloys and used to build aerospace parts for high temperature applications, like those inside aircraft and rocket engines, because ODS alloys can withstand harsher conditions before reaching their breaking point

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

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spotlight

India in mind, Lockheed Martin forays into Exoskeleton

Gunning for the Indian market, US defence major Lockheed Martin has entered the niche and developing Exoskeleton technology vertical with its ONYX offering By Ajit Kumar Thakur

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ith the exponential advancement of cutting-edge Exoskeleton technology globally, that is finding much wider acceptance and unprecedented traction in military applications, leading American aerospace and defence major Lockheed Martin has now ventured into this very niche sector. The US company has used Artificial Intelligence (AI) to develop a body armour called ONYX which can bring new capabilities to fighting forces and improve endurance and safety in industrial settings. There is history behind the name too. Chosen by the team that works on the project, many of whom are University of Central Florida (UCF) alumni, ONYX is named after a Roman amulet. “It

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was inspired by an amulet that Roman soldiers wore into battle for courage, and this is one you wear for endurance,” says Anthony Mickle, communications lead at Lockheed Martin.

With high potential to fast emerge as part of the modern trooper’s body gear, the new powered lower-body exoskeleton has demonstrated ability to increase mobility and reduce fatigue of its users. Recently, Lockheed Martin held a demonstration of its Exoskeleton technology before Indian Army officials and select media representatives where it showed the further refinement of its next-generation industrial products with primary focus on

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powered exoskeletons. Basically a robotic, motorized knee brace, ONYX doesn’t help soldiers leap tall buildings, shrug off gunfire, or carry huge videogame-style guns but what it does do is take enough weight off the wearer’s knee—notoriously prone to injuries among troops laden with bullets, armour, and supplies—and quadriceps— which wear out quickly climbing mountainsides or urban staircases so they can keep going longer without risk of injury. Elaborates Barnes, lead engineer for Lockheed Martin’s exoskeleton technologies program: “Think of a fire-fighter running up the stairs of a burning building, a soldier marching up the side of a mountain, industrial workers who have to squat down and pick up heavy objects. ONYX takes the burden off (the user’s) the knees and the associated muscle groups, so they have more energy to do their job and do it safer because they’re not getting tired.” Keeping the Indian context in mind and recent militarization of the Line of Actual Control border with China because of escalating tensions, the ONYX can be a vital supplement for Indian soldiers in the difficult Himalayan geography who have to walk and move around a lot in oxygen-depleted environs because of the high altitude requiring much more than normal effort in walking and climbing. Designed to provide strength and endurance to soldiers, workers and first responders who must perform strenuous tasks in difficult environments, the Exoskeleton will enhance strength and endurance to carry taxing loads over long distances besides aiding better handling and support for heavy weapons. It will also reduce the cost of transport while increasing ability to traverse stairs, inclines and

rough terrain, especially with load. Says Barnes: “It is for knee intensive activities and is AI based. It is an AI-controlled module with sensors distributed across the structure to determine how the person is moving and it can predict what they are going to do next by using motors at the knees and especially when picking up something heavy or marching up a mountainous terrain.” The lead engineer explained that the ONYX exoskeleton is a wearable robot that supports and boosts the energy of its user during physically demanding tasks that require repetitive kneeling, squatting, climbing and carrying heavy loads. Sensors at the feet, knees and hips collect data based on the user’s movement and send it to the control module at the waist. The AI component within the

computer enables the device to predict the user’s next movements and react accordingly. “Once (AI) can predict what you’re about to do, it knows the right amount of torque and the timing for it to be applied to the motors at your knees to give you that boost of assistance and energy,” says Barnes. Weighing nearly 20 pounds, including its battery, ONYX is made of carbon fibre, aluminium, plastic, fabric and a bit of titanium. “It’s not ready for water, sand, dust, shock or vibration,” says Barnes. “But our users will ultimately put it through all those paces, so (we’re working on ensuring) it can withstand any environment.” It takes about 150 milliseconds for ONYX to respond to a user’s movement, which is similar to the amount of time it takes muscles to

The new powered lower-body exoskeleton has demonstrated ability to increase mobility and reduce fatigue of its users

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

spotlight Key Features ONYX has been designed to provide strength and endurance to the soldiers, workers, and first responders who must perform strenuous tasks in difficult environments: • Enhances strength and endurance to carry taxing loads over distance • Enables better handling and support for heavy weapons • Reduces metabolic cost of transport to improve endurance and reduce fatigue • Increases ability to traverse stairs, inclines, and rough terrain, especially with load • Reduces stress on leg muscles • Guides orthopedic alignment to help evenly distribute weight and maintain skeletal system alignment to avoid overstress and pressure injuries.

The Indian Army has reportedly expressed interest already in having similar equipment for the upper portion of the soldier’s body

respond to signals from the brain. The team plans to use a technique called ‘electromyography’ to cut that time in half, enabling the exoskeleton to not just predict what movements will be based on AI, but to implement the next motor command while the user is in motion. Said Naib Subedar (Retd) Trilok Singh, currently employed by Lockheed Martin after performing the live demo of ONYX’s functional aspects: “It is very helpful for soldiers who are deployed in altitude above 10,000 feet. It has really worked for the power portions of the soldier who is going on long patrols. A soldier’s endurance is limited but when this is worn, the soldier’s capacity is doubled and he can go on for long periods.” With most of the focus having been on the lower portion of the body especially at the knee level, a company official said “most of the things that we have done is

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for the lower body but we also are recognizing the need for what the upper portions need.” The Indian Army has reportedly expressed interest already in having similar equipment for the upper portion of the soldier’s body so that it would make it more useful especially for those Army personnel posted in the higher terrain.

ONYX conforms to the human body. Sensors distributed on the exoskeleton report speed, direction, and angle of movement to an on-board computer that drives electro-mechanical actuators at the knees. The exoskeleton delivers the right torque at the right time to assist knee flexion and extension. ONYX ultimately reduces the energy needed to cross terrain, squat, or kneel. The use of Exoskeleton reduces stress on leg muscles and guides orthopaedic alignment to help evenly distribute weight and maintain skeletal system alignment to avoid overstress and pressure injuries. Lockheed Martin is now in talks with some Indian private companies as also defence PSUs and the Indian Army for collaboration on this and work with them as partners to come out with a solution that will cater to the needs of the Army.

Raksha Anirveda

Musings from Russia

Ukrainian President Zelensky, French President Macron and Russian President Putin

Chart Your Own Course, India! As Russia braces for a long-drawn war in Ukraine, New Delhi need not be perturbed by the West’s criticism of not being overtly critical of Putin’s aggression. The failure of Russia will be a big blow to India’s strategic autonomy and leave the vast Eurasian space for China to dominate By Vinay Shukla

n the fog of war and powerful Western information warfare, hardly any substantial gains seem visible of more than sixty days of the Kremlin’s ‘special military operation.’ But there is a deeper understanding in Moscow that it would be a drawn out war with the United States-led collective West in battlefield Ukraine. The sinking of Moskva, Russia’s Black Sea Fleet’s flagship guided missile cruiser, on April 14 resulted in the sharp escalation of Russian missile attacks on Ukrainian military installations, arms depots and ammunition dumps. The aggression

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extended to western borders in close vicinity of NATO members Poland and Slovakia from where uninterrupted arms supplies are being made to the Kiev regime of President Volodymyr Zelinsky, who is clearly working not for protecting

his fellow citizens but urging his Western promoters to pour more aid with the singular aim to discredit and weaken Putin’s Russia. With the rapid advance of Russian armoured columns from the territory of Belarus towards capital Kiev and from Belgorod towards major industrial city of Kharkiv, it looked a cake walk for the Kremlin, especially when they were met with Ukrainian tanks with barrels lifted up and local residents in rural areas welcoming invading troops with red

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flags of Soviet Union – although these scenes have been censored by West controlled mainstream media. However, in the outskirts of Kiev (Irpen, Bucha and Brovary), NATO trained ultranationalists from Azov battalions and foreign mercenaries aided by US, UK provided real time intelligence and posed a stiff resistance to Russia using civilians as shields. Of course, many Russians, some of which initially participated in anti-war protests across the country, now believe that their country has been trapped and will be forced to fight a proxy war with the West for years to come. Slowly, the people are beginning to rally behind President Putin as there is a growing understanding that the whole Ukraine crisis is being stoked by the Anglo-Americans to destroy Russia, which poses greater threat to Pax Americana than China where the West has parked its money and would not mind even if Beijing takes over Taiwan because they have officially subscribed to one China policy. Even the Chinese companies, which were seen as a conduit to access, are refusing or hesitant in dealing with Russia to insulate them from secondary sanctions.

CHALLENGE FOR INDIA

In spite of massive western pressure on New Delhi to change its policy over Russia, the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi looks unmoved. India has been picked as Western target for criticism of encouraging Putin’s war against innocent Ukraine, but nobody is openly pointing a finger at NATO member Turkey and America’s buddy Israel for not joining anti-Russia sanctions. Their airlines are flying to Moscow to ferry thousands of Russian tourists to warm seaside resorts, while recently privatised Air India has suspended Moscow flights

The Russian Emissary Who Loved India India lost a genuine friend with the sad demise of the former director of Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki (SVR) or Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, General Vyacheslav Ivanovich Trubnikov. After his retirement, Trubnikov was Deputy Foreign Minister and subsequently Moscow’s Ambassador in New Delhi. "The Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation regrets to announce that on April 18, 2022, the Hero of Russia, retired army general, veteran of the Foreign Intelligence Service Vyacheslav Ivanovich Trubnikov passed away. The leadership and staff of the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service express their sincere condolences to the family and friends of Vyacheslav Ivanovich. Blessed memory of him forever will remain in our hearts," the SVR press bureau release said. Vyacheslav Trubnikov after graduation from Moscow State Institute of International Relations for training Soviet diplomats, joined KGB’s foreign intelligence arm PGU and was posted to India as correspondent for the Novosti news agency. Fluent in English and Hindi, he wrote a huge number of articles and dispatches widely published in the former Soviet Union and became a handbook for researchers of the multi-party Indian democratic system. In a conversion with the author on the sidelines of a conference in New Delhi in 2018, Trubnikov shared some of his memories about the Bangladesh liberation war. When correspondents from the global media had converged for months in Kolkata, due to his access to confidential info, he was aware that the operation will start only after snow blocks the Himalayan passes, so that China could not intervene to help its all weather ally Pakistan and the Soviet Navy was ready to deter US 7th Fleet task force led by aircraft carrier USS Enterprise from intimidating Indian Navy. As Deputy Director and subsequently taking over command of SVR from his successor Yevgeny Primakov when later was appointed foreign minister in a radical policy shift by President Boris Yeltsin, Trubnikov had played a key role in clearing major defence projects including development and production of unique supersonic BrahMos cruise missiles, Arihant class nuclear ballistic missile submarines and aircraft carrier Vikrant. The Kremlin was hesitating due to the possibility of American pressure as Washington was averse to granting India access to technologies allegedly in violation of non-proliferation norms. “I came to President Boris Yeltsin with missile (BrahMos) and nuclear submarine projects with India for final approval with the report that the SVR has no objection and has cleared the deals,” Trubnikov recalled, “Yeltsin looked surprised and asked what the American would say. He, however, immediately approved the anti-ship cruise missile (BrahMos) project and asked to wait a little before approving nuclear submarine project cooperation. Which he ultimately cleared.” After his retirement from active service in 2000, President Vladimir Putin appointed Trubnikov to the post of First Deputy Foreign Minister incharge of anti-terror cooperation. In 2004-2009, he was posted in New Delhi as Russian ambassador. It was in 2009 when all wraps of secrecy were taken off from Moscow’s involvement in the nuclear submarine project that Trubnikov was present with the Russian technical team at the commissioning of INS Arihant. Because of the Spy who genuinely loved India, New Delhi not only went unpunished by Russia after 1998 nuclear tests but a few months later the two countries signed a civil nuclear deal to build an atomic power plant in Kudankulam (Tamil Nadu) amid sanctions by the US and some Western companies. Rest in Peace Hero of Russia, General Vyacheslav Ivanovich Trubnikov, a true friend of India. –Vinay Shukla

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Musings from Russia

Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Russian President Putin

In the outskirts of Kiev (Irpen, Bucha and Brovary), NATO trained ultranationalists from Azov battalions and foreign mercenaries aided by US, UK provided real time intelligence and posed a stiff resistance to Russia using civilians as shields

sine die to protect Tata Son’s global business from sanctions. Some argue that under the Western pressure in Ukraine, the Kremlin will undergo regime change and Putin could be replaced by a pro-West liberal dispensation. There are already signs of such designs. Russia’s entire showbiz and oligarchs have converged in Israel and despite US, UK and EU sanctions, they are freely travelling internationally on the power of Israeli passports. This is fanning anti-Semitic sentiments in Russia’s traditionally Orthodox Christian mindset and there is no guaranty that

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ultranationalism would not take a revenge for humiliation of defeat in Ukraine. However, the whole history of India-Russia relations has proved that change of regime and even political system in Moscow, more or less has no impact on India policy vector. Relations grew ever stronger when the Kremlin was in isolation, but whenever it had improved relations with the West, there were hiccups in bilateral hitech cooperation (cryogenic engine technology transfer deal was scuttled under pressure from the Clinton administration). On receiving a cool response during his Moscow visit immediately after the Soviet collapse in January 1992, former Foreign Secretary JN Dixit had declared that “geopolitical compulsions” will keep the two countries together. The current developments have again proved his prophecy true. Besides remaining a dependable partner for sharing cutting-edge defence technologies, Russia

remains a major source of space and nuclear energy technology, hydrocarbons for economy and rare-earth minerals required for military-industrial complex. It is a mutually beneficial interaction and unlike in the past New Delhi should continue its “India First” policy in relations with Russia, as not only militaryindustrial complex, but also Russian regions have nurtured pro-India sentiments among the population which need to be utilised to balance Russia’s tilt towards China. Exodus of Western multinationals from Russia should be used to populate the void left by them with Indian companies and startups in hi-tech defence sectors. The rupee-rouble track in its new avatar paves the path for mutual development as the failure of Russia will be a big blow to India’s strategic autonomy and leave the vast Eurasian space for China to dominate. - The writer is a Moscow-based independent analyst. Views are personal.

At the Forefront of Defence SPIKE™ Family 5TH Generation ATGM

RAFAEL – Making in India, Committed to Atmanirbhar Bharat

Raksha Anirveda

Israel Diary

Can Israel Export Main Battle Tanks and Advanced Armoured Personnel Carriers to Gulf States? Alarmed with the changing dynamics in global order and ever increasing Iranian threat that may soon control the nuclear trigger, Gulf States are engaged in an effort to buy very advanced systems to defend themselves along with establishing new defence relationship with Israel. For Israel and its defence industry, the opening of new markets is an opportunity not to be missed By ARIE EGOZI

ajor international events that occur almost simultaneously can send shockwaves around the globe. This is exactly what is happening at present - the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the critical phases of negotiations about a new nuclear agreement with Iran, The US withdrawal from the Gulf region, bring the shockwaves to new heights.

Merkava Israeli Tank

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“There has been a dramatic change in the Gulf region, and that is an understatement. What looked like science fiction a few months ago is now a reality,” a very senior Israeli defence analyst told Raksha Anirveda on condition of anonymity. He added that these countries with Sunni governments and majorities understand that cooperating with Israel is their insurance policy against the evil Ayatollahs in Tehran that will soon control the nuclear trigger. Former head of the Israeli National Security Council, Major General (ret.) Giora Eiland told Raksha Anirveda that what until some months ago looked not connected to reality is now very real. “I think that the UAE and Bahrain should ask Israel to sell them advanced weapon systems, not necessarily tanks – they should go for Israeli ground- ground missiles and the best in the world anti-tank missiles.” Eiland added that there are signs that Saudi Arabia, yet to established relations with Israel is “in the loop” after being attacked many times by the Houthis, Iran’s proxies operation in Yemen. The fast developments have not surprised Prof. Uzi Rabi, a senior Israeli expert on developments in the Middle East and the Gulf. Rabi said that a good example is Qatar that has no formal relations with Israel and “in spite of this, its leadership understands the critical need to be a de facto partner in the new security arrangement in the region with an eye on Iran that according to all signs will soon have nuclear weapons.” “They are not part of any formal security agreement but understand the need to be fully coordinated with these new agreements,” the Israeli analyst said. The fast developing defence relations between Israel, the UAE and Bahrain and other Gulf countries and the disappointment from the US policy in the region, open new

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markets for the Israeli defence industry, some of them surprising because of the systems that are in the focus of interest. According to sources, advanced negotiations are already underway with the Israeli ministry of defence which is “easing” its approach to such potential deals. Israeli sources say that these relations have been tightened as the leaders of the Gulf States express their disappointment from what they call “the US withdrawal from the region”. Israeli defence sources say that the new defence relations have for the first time created the “atmosphere” for the sale of some Israel defence systems that have not yet been exported. The interest according to sources focuses among other, on the new upgraded version of the Merkava combat proven tank. The UAE and Bahrain have expressed interest in some Israeli developed defence systems. The possible purchase of these systems is being discussed in each meeting between high ranking figures from Israel and these two Gulf States. The Israeli ministry of defence plans to begin the production of the upgraded version of the Merkava MBT before the end of the year. The first upgraded tanks will be delivered to the Israeli defence forces (IDF) in mid-2023. Israeli defence sources say that the new tank will be capable of performing multiple missions in the fast evolving “war zone” that turns the MBT into a first priority target for the enemy. Most of the new features that are being developed for the upgraded version, are highly classified. According to defence sources, the Merkava 4 “Barak” (Lightening) will be equipped with an improved Trophy APS system made by Rafael and a commander helmet that will prioritize the relevant data gathered by the tank’s own sensors and other in the battle area. The new version

Israel Defense Forces Eitan 8x8 Armored Fighting Vehicle (AFV)

The fast developing defence relations between Israel, the UAE and Bahrain and other Gulf countries and the disappointment from the US policy in the region, open new markets for the Israeli defence industry, some of them surprising because of the systems that are in the focus of interest

David’s Sling missile system

will also have a system that will automatically fire on targets that pose danger to the tank, like units that launch anti-tank missiles. An advanced main computer will give the tank’s crew the ability to focus on the most relevant targets while sharing the data with other tanks and other units on the ground and in the air. Some of the new systems to be integrated into the “Barak” are based on the combat suit developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), for an advanced armoured fighting vehicle. Others will be modified for the new version of the Merkava 4. The Merkava MBT has not been exported until now. The interest of the Gulf States in Israeli defence

systems including the Merkava is accepted by defence sources in Israel as part of the general effort of these countries to buy very advanced systems to defend against the Iranian threat. One of the sources said that the Gulf countries that have expressed their frustration from the diminishing presence of the US in the region are more alarmed now. “They watch the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the reaction of the world that decided not to really intervene the deadly Russian operation. They understand now more than ever that they will have to defend themselves and want to have the best tools to do so.” The Gulf countries are also interested in the Eitan APC and in different air defence systems like the Iron Dome and David’s Sling. –The writer is an Israel-based freelance journalist. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

NEWS MAKER

India-US Defence Relationship is ‘Trusted One’, Boeing’s Investments in India Will Continue to Grow, Says Heidi Grant, Senior Boeing Executive The alignment and support for a strong and growing relationship between the United States and India across the spectrum will further strengthen the strategic partnership between the two

Heidi Grant, President, Business Development, Defence, Space and Security, Global Services, Boeing

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ashington / New Delhi: Even as India continues to walk a rather sensitive path in Indo-US relations in the wake of the ongoing Ukraine crisis, but, the comments by a former top Pentagon official that Indo-US defence relations is a “trusted one,” should indeed be taken as a positive signal. The defence relationship between the world’s largest and oldest democracies, over the years has become a “trusted one”, a former top Pentagon official and now a senior Boeing executive has said. The remarks by Heidi Grant, president, business development, defence, space and security, global services, Boeing to an Indian news agency is indeed a massive boost to the relationship between the

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two countries. She said Boeing’s investments in India’s aerospace infrastructure, defence capabilities, manufacturing, engineering and services, skill development and innovation will only continue to

grow in the coming years. “In 2010, when I was Secretary of the Air Force for International Affairs at the Pentagon, the India-US defence relationship was just taking off and look at where we are now. When I am asked about what I am most proud of during my years at the Pentagon, I say I’m proud of my relationship with India,” she said. “I believe the defence relationship between the US and India has become a trusted one, starting with the C-17 which became a symbol of that relationship. Look at how India is using their C-17s for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief missions – that has lifted up the Indian Air Force and India’s Ministry of Defence’s reputation globally and with the Indian public on how they’re using their defence assets – Chinooks, Apaches, P-8Is,” she said. Grant joined Boeing in November 2021 from the US Department of Defence where she spent 32 years. She served as director, Defence Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA), responsible for all DoD security cooperation programmes involving defence articles, military training and other defence-related services. There, she oversaw more than 15,000 military sales cases with more than 150 countries valued at more than US$ 600 billion. “In my previous role at the Defence Security Cooperation Agency, I recall spending more than 60 per cent of my time on India,” she said. “We looked at co-production, how to use the significant engineering capability that India has, tapping into the defence capability and capacity that India and the United States have and getting industry involved. We spent time on the industrial supply chain and ‘Make in India’ and now it has all come back full circle with Boeing. Boeing is at the front of centre of all of that.” “We welcome the political and industry alignment and bipartisan

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support for a strong and growing relationship between the United States and India, world’s largest democracies. It’s exciting for us at Boeing to be part of this fundamental, transformational shift and we are committed to helping build India’s defence aerospace and defence sector and industrial base,” she said. Responding to a question on India’s defence needs, Grant observed that operating different types of equipment from different

countries is difficult. “It’s expensive and logistically challenging managing the infrastructure, part and sustainment. There needs to be a balance and the US would be a better way to go to fill in those areas or to replace some of those capabilities,” she said. “I strongly believe in the tremendous potential of the F/A18 Super Hornet for the Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighter requirement and the P-8I in furthering maritime cooperation between India and the United States and the strengthening the naval aviation ecosystem between the two navies,” Grant said. The investments that Boeing has made in India’s aerospace infrastructure, defence capabilities, manufacturing, engineering and

services, skill development and innovation will only continue to grow in the coming years. We’re excited about the transformative potential of our partnership with India, she asserted. Boeing now has 3,500 employees in India and more than 7,000 people working with its supply chain partners. “We are proud to support the many missions of the Indian armed forces that operate multiple Boeing aircraft, including C-17 strategic airlifters, P-8I long range maritime reconnaissance and antisubmarine warfare aircraft, AH-64 Apache attack helicopters and CH47 Chinook heavy lift helicopters,” Grant said. Elaborating further, Grant said that in support of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India’, Boeing

sources over US$1 billion from India and Boeing’s Indian supply chain partners are exporting products made in India for the global aerospace market. Over 275 Indian suppliers deliver components, parts and complex assemblies for Boeing’s commercial and defence aircraft, including the F/A-18, F-15, P-8, Apache, Chinook, C-17 and T-7. The JV is also manufacturing 737 Vertical Fin structures, a complex structural part, on a new production line that will utilize cutting-edge robotics and automation. “At Boeing’s India Engineering and Technology Centre (BIETC), engineers work on cutting-edge R&D and undertake high-quality, advanced aerospace work and offer engineering expertise to Boeing’s defence, space, and commercial businesses spanning engineering design of structures and systems, manufacturing support, developing systems to test our aircraft, and providing digital solutions to our airline customers,” she concluded.

It’s exciting for us at Boeing to be part of this fundamental, transformational shift and we are committed to helping build India’s defence aerospace and defence sector and industrial base” Heidi Grant President, Business Development, Defence, Space and Security, Global Services, Boeing

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Israel Diary

Anti-Iranian Drone Coalition to Checkmate Increasing Threats from Iranian Armed UAVs Alarmed with the rise in Iranian investment for developing armed UAVs and drones, Israel and many Gulf States have formed a coalition to effectively counter the emerging threats By ARIE EGOZI

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ran is investing huge sums in developing different types of armed UAV’s and drones. These are already being used against Gulf States and against Israel. The accelerated Israeli effort in developing a laser air defence system, stems from this imminent threat. These armed unmanned systems do not pose a threat only to Israel, but to a long list of countries in the Gulf region. That understanding resulted in the formation of an “Anti-Iranian Drone Coalition”. In early 2022, the Israeli air force (IAF) revealed that in 2021, two Iranian UAV’s were shot down by two of its F-35, while on their way to Israel. The interception was

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achieved by the use of different aerial and ground sensors, and according to defence sources by the use of real time intelligence “achieved by a joint effort”.

The coalition members are characterised as “Targets of Iranian Aggression”. Israeli official sources refused to comment on the structure of the coalition. Sources in Israel said that “US sensors in the relevant region are assisting the effort”. The Coalition to Support Legitimacy in Yemen, announced that in recent weeks it attacked some sites in Yemen that are connected to the operation of the Iranian UAV’s. An Israeli defence source said that in recent months, Iran’s Revolution Guard Corps (IRGC) has been increasing the delivery of drones to its proxies in the region and beyond. He noted that now Iranian-backed forces in Iraq, Syria, Yemen, as well as Hezbollah in Lebanon, have received these drones, adding that they were also sold to Venezuela. According to the Lebanese TV station Al – Miyadin, earlier this year Israeli armed UAV’s that took off from Irbil in Iraq, performed an attack on an Iranian base were Iranian UAV’s were stored. According to the report, six Israeli UAV’s performed the attack inflicting heavy damage to the base and destroyed” hundreds” of Iranian UAV’s of different types. Israel has never admitted that it is operating armed UAV’s, but foreign media claims that the Israeli air force (IAF) is operating three different types. According to the RUSI Org. website, Israel is operating some types of armed UAV’s including the Israel Aerospace Industries (Heron –TP) with a range of 1000 km. Israeli sources said last month that all signs are there that the US is actively involved in the operations of the “Anti UAV coalition”. And the Iranian armed UAV’s are not posing a threat only to countries in the Middle East and the Gulf. The Iranians are turning Venezuela to their front base in South America that will facilitate their intention to hit American interests if the Vienna talks about a new nuclear deal, are not successful and the sanctions

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continue. The shipments of weapon systems, mainly armed UAV’s from Iran to Venezuela have grew in number and this brought Israeli and American intelligence organizations to follow this activity very closely. Prof. Uzi Rabi, a senior Israeli experts on Iran told Raksha Anirveda that at this stage, the export of armed UAV’s and drones from Iran to Venezuela is a way of getting the needed financing for the actions of the Lebanese Hezbollah terror organisation, the main proxy of Iran. “Iran takes advantage of the very poor situation of Venezuela to get a foothold in Latin America and by that to facilitate the transfer of funds to the Hezbollah. This has become the lifeline of the organization,” the expert said. Israeli sources say that the Hezbollah is Iran’s “contractor” for terror actions outside the Middle East. According to a research paper written by Tal Beeri, from the Israeli Alma Research and Education Centre, Venezuela, located in the United States’ “backyard” is considered a close ally of Iran, and symbolically, the Iranian leadership considers Venezuela to be part of the radical Shiite axis. Just as the area of southern Syria is a geographical platform used by Iran to create a nearby physical front against Israel, so can the territory of Venezuela be a geographical platform for Iran to operate against the United States from the air. The aerial distance between Venezuela and Florida is about 2,000 kilometres. “We know that Iran transfers weapons to Venezuela regularly and that these deliveries may also include missiles. We also understand that Venezuela, in particular and South America, in general, has become a base for the IRGC Quds Force activities. While mentioning Iran’s air capabilities regarding Venezuela,

it is worth noting that Puerto Rico, whose inhabitants are American citizens, is only about 500 miles away from Venezuela.” The researcher writes that the “UAV Army” is operated with outstanding professionalism. It is activated against airports and oil fields in Saudi Arabia (by the Houthi insurgents in Yemen and by the Iranians themselves), against American forces in Iraq and Syria (by the Shiite axis militias), and Israeli owned merchant ships in the Persian Gulf (by the Iranians themselves), and opposition forces and ISIS in Syria (by Hezbollah and by the Shiite axis militias), and against Israeli targets in Israeli territory (by the Iranians themselves from Syria or Iraq, by Hezbollah from Lebanon and by Hamas and the Islamic Jihad from the Gaza Strip). “Some of the UAVs manufacturing plants are directly owned by the Revolutionary Guards and do not just have business relationships with them. Among the manufacturers are: Ghazanfar Roknabadi Industries, Quds Air Industries, Fajr Industries Group, Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Shahid Basir Industry, Bespar Sazeh Composite Co., Paravar Pars Co., and an unidentified special drone

production operation in the Iranian city of Semnan”. According to the Alma Centre publication, the Iranian UAV manufacturing industry is unaffected by international sanctions, and the proof of this is the actual growth of the “UAV Army”. The main reason for the sanctions’ inefficiencies is that many components used in this industry are standard off the shelf components that are easily purchased on the internet. For example, on one Chinese site, the price of a DLE111 engine installed in several UAVs is $500. The acquisition is carried out, among other ways, through procurement agents living in Western countries. The agents purchase the various components where they live and send them to the representatives of the radical Shiite axis. The transportation of the parts worldwide is carried out via the Iranian diplomatic postal platform. Israeli and American intelligence are closely following the export efforts of Iran to try and get an early warning of a developing threat based on the use of armed drones.

the Iranian UAV manufacturing industry is unaffected by international sanctions, and the proof of this is the actual growth of the “UAV Army”. The main reason for the sanctions’ inefficiencies is that many components used in this industry are standard off the shelf components that are easily purchased on the internet

–The writer is an Israel-based freelance journalist. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Book review

Intensified Plan needed to The World is becoming hazardous day by day. Toxic materials are proliferating. In the post cold war era, a large stockpile of WMD materials may have exchanged hands with rogue and out-of-job scientists and nonstate actors. Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) threats are increasing. India is not yet fully prepared to respond to a terrorist attack that uses CBRN material. An intensified national programme should be put in place to address the CBRN threat. In his book ‘Toxic Portents’, Col (Dr) Athavale analyses India’s preparedness and urges all stakeholders to act on the gaps with urgency

By Sri Krishna Toxic Portents: CBRN Incident Management in India Author: Col (Dr) Ram V Athavale (Retd) Publisher: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd Language: English Pages: 238 Price: `995.00

is not yet fully prepared to respond to a terrorist attack that uses CBRN material. “Of all the threats that could inflict major damage to the country, terrorists using CBRN materials is the threat for which the nation is least prepared. Although the existing capabilities work well for natural disasters such as the Gujarat earthquake and Tsunami, no integrated system is in place to deal with a threat of the magnitude, complexity and severity of WMD terrorism or CBRN incidents,” he says.

Higher priority

he earth is turning into a huge heap of toxic waste. A lot has been done to control this rot, but there are huge gaps in awareness and preparedness to deal with the threat from the hazardous material. The amount of toxicity surrounding us in daily life is compounded by increasing population, growing industrialization, depleting natural resources and burgeoning waste. India is among many countries that face threats from the Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) material. This threat has been highlighted in a book titled ‘Toxic Portents’, 86

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written by Col (Dr) Ram Athavale. An Indian Army veteran from the 1981 batch and a specialist in the CBRN Security, Risk Mitigation and Incident Management, Col Athavale holds a PhD degree in the CBRN counter-terrorism. He says that in the post cold war era, large stockpiles of CBRN material may have been procured by rogue out-of-job scientists and non state actors. This clandestine proliferation of CBRN material can lead to disastrous CBRN terror incidents. Col (Dr) Athavale’s book focuses on CBRN Incident Management in India. He writes in the book that India

The main source of a nuclearterrorist threat to India stems from the jihadi groups such as Harkat-ulMujahideen, the Jaish-eMohammed, Lashkar-eTaiba, Indian Mujahideen and their affiliates

Col (Dr) Athavale goes on to say that the government should give a higher priority to the threat of WMD terrorism in the national security policy. What he says is indeed very significant in the contemporary scenario when there is an increasing number of non-state actors who are one of the major players in terrorist activities as was seen in the November 2008 Mumbai attack. He suggests that an accelerated and intensified national programme should be put in place to address comprehensively the CBRN threat, including CBRN terrorism. It should be integrated across the entire nation and managed as a structured programme, Painting a grim picture, the author says that WMD poses

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Counter CBRN Threat a horrifying threat to society. In the Post-Cold War period, a large stockpile of WMD and agents and materials suitable for the production of WMD were rendered ‘available’ for those who sought these. Rogue and jobless scientists and abandoned facilities were going to the best bidder. This has led to a greater proliferation of CBRN and associated material and expertise in the hands of non-state actors. During the last few decades, the perceived threats from WMD have become a significant issue in the foreign policy and national security agendas of many NationStates. The main source of a CBRN terrorist-terrorist threat to India, therefore, stems from the jihadi groups that have taken up arms in Kashmir, such as the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM), the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), Indian Mujahideen (IM) and their affiliates. All of them have a commitment to jihad as well as links to Al Qaeda, and all are ideologically and operationally intertwined with Al Qaeda. They have all made it very clear that India is a target.

Despite a high level of security and inherent safety features, there are several security risks for Indian nuclear power Larger threat plants from In India, the threat of Biological terrorists and Chemical terrorism is larger than the Nuclear or radiological threat. CBRN threats can arise from : 1. Large quantities of toxic chemicals in storage, transit, industries and wastes. 2. Pilferage from or sabotage of research facilities handling toxic chemicals or lethal pathogen.

3. Clandestine trade in CBRN Materials. 4. Sewage and toxic waste disposal 5. Over the counter availability of dangerous chemicals, drugs and other hazardous material The author notes that it is necessary that India takes note of the changing nature of terrorism – from a means to attain political goals to terror for the sake of terror. Chemical agents taken control by ISIS and Al Qaeda can easily find their way to India’s borders. He goes on to say that the threat of terrorists trying to attack our Nuclear establishments or Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) is high. While the NPP are very well guarded and technologically secure in all respects, a rouge attack to target the nuclear material cannot be ruled out.

Huge amounts of toxic chemicals abound the industrial areas, ports and dry storage warehouses. Security is minimal and pilferages are a common feature. Ease of production, procurement and clandestine processing have raised the threat levels. Similar is the case with biological agents. Pathological labs have mushroomed along with health infrastructure, both public and private. Most of these have rudimentary security systems in place. Samples and cultures can be easily obtained. Many terrorist organisations are aware of these matters. However, they lack the training to weaponise and use these agents. There is a need to prepare and develop coordinated preparedness plans and response protocols and encourage and support applied

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Book review research to develop innovative tools and strategies to prevent or mitigate illness and injury caused by WMD terrorism.

Nature of terrorism

India urgently needs to take note of the changing nature of terrorism – CBRN Terrorism and there is a need for a coordinated approach by the Central Government and State Administration with support from the Armed Forces and NGOs. Col (Dr) Athavale says that India needs an integrated CBRN Crisis and Consequence Management structure with adequate wherewithal and expertise to tackle CBRN Terrorism Disasters and hone responses. He feels that India is not fully ready to address systematically the consequences of a WMD event. Detection capabilities are limited, integrated analytical and planning efforts are proclaimed but not fully understood, and the domestic use of military forces needs to be purposefully re-examined. He says that in an analysis of various aspects of CBRN Disasters and the steps taken by various nations and India in particular, one question looms large and that is how well prepared are State and Municipal administrations in India to deal with CBRN Disasters or acts of terrorism. The answer is - Yes and No. Yes, because these laws will, and do help in preventing the proliferation of CBRN materials and their falling into the wrong hands. And No, as the implementation of the procedures, coordination between agencies and grassroots level understanding of the gravity of such incidents is yet grossly lacking. The Mumbai attacks of 2008 brought to 88

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Huge amounts of toxic chemicals abound the industrial areas, ports and dry storage warehouses. Security is minimal and pilferages are a common feature

fore some glaring lessons and major shortcomings to understand and act upon. He feels that media needs to play a mature and responsible role – Fake news and hyping uncorroborated inputs can build crowd passion, paranoia and send wrong messages to the public. Stated that India has some of the best laws and legislations to manage CBRN issues but there is poor understanding of these among lawyers, lawmakers, governing councils and oversight agencies. Due to such a lack of understanding, oversight and enforcement is suffering. There is a need to have regular orientation workshops and courses for all concerned stakeholders to acquaint them with all laws and legislative provisions for CBRN incident prevention and risk mitigation. Various agencies, ministries and departments and even private stakeholders need to be made aware. A clear understanding of these laws and their implementation advantages will help strengthen CBRN material management and reduce the probability of accidents and other CBRN incidents. As a beginning toward optimal CBRN resilience, there is a need to have a clear and comprehensive CBRN strategy at the National level. This should be aligned and drawn from the National Security Strategy. To correctly work on what we are aiming for, there is a need to understand the wide range of CBRN threats facing India. This Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment (TARA) is the first important step towards developing the National CBRN Strategy, says Athavale.

Major problem

Dumping and unprocessed disposal of industrial waste have been a major problem in India. Most industries have been accustomed to disposing of their toxic wastes in local unoccupied pl ot s of l and as uncharted landfills and release of effluents in streams, rivers, and municipal sewage drains. Such practices have led to gross environmental pollution causing short and long-term medical illnesses in the local population. Even though the government has enacted many regulations and laws to prevent such waste disposal and to streamline proper controlled waste management, there is a need for the industries to institute strict measures with adequate oversight to ensure proper disposal of waste. A National CBRN Response Plan must be developed to cater to all contingencies. This Plan should flow from the National CBRN Strategy. The Response Plan must be exercised for all contingencies. Col (Dr) Athavale emphasises that there is a need to be extra vigilant and fully prepared to prevent and deter, and if faced with, respond effectively to CBRN terrorism incidents.

The book “Toxic Portents” comes at a time when we have already witnessed the effects of Covid-19, a biological disaster. The book is a must read by all administrators, Industry HSE managers, first response agencies, students of industrial hazard management and NGOs working in related fields. The book can be bought from the publishers, Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi or from amazon.in.

Unravelling

civil AVIATION

Raksha Anirveda

Wings India 2022

India Showcases its Growth Potential at the Asia’s Largest Civil Aviation Event

The four-day biennial event showcased the best in the aviation industry having on display innovative technology and aircraft machinery on commercial, general and business aviation. The theme “India@75: New Horizon for Aviation Industry” focused on new business acquisition, investments, policy formation and regional connectivity Wings India brought together buyers, sellers, investors and other stakeholders on a common platform to discuss various aspects of the aviation industry. The show came at a time when the aviation sector was recovering from the slump due to the Covid which had led to almost two years of most airlines becoming non-operational or functioning

By Sri Krishna

t 90

he aviation extravaganza Wings India 2022 held over four days from March 23 to 27 at Begumpet Airport, Hyderabad as part of the ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’, with the theme “India@75: New Horizon for Aviation Industry” focused on new business acquisition, investments, policy formation and regional connectivity and was Asia’s largest event on civil aviation. The four-day biennial event organised jointly by the Ministry of Civil Aviation and Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Indian Industry (FICCI) showcased the best in the aviation industry having on display innovative technology and aircraft machinery on commercial, general and business aviation.

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Our new Helicopter Policy, Drone Policy, MRO Policy and Flying Training Organisation Policy stand as testimony towards our commitment to streamline and promote the entry of Indian industry into opportunities that the civil aviation sector has to offer” Jyotiraditya Scindia Minister for Civil Aviation

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more as cargo carriers with passenger traffic almost coming to a standstill. While the aircraft on display attracted visitors, the exhibit

area where both private and government aviation stalls were set up too was popular. The air show performed by Team Sarang from the Indian Air Force was the highlight, and what gave a personal touch to the show was the added attraction of the crew of the Sarang team willing to pose for selfies with the visitors. The memorabilia stall was the most popular with people queuing up to buy t-shirts, badges,

The A350 offers the greatest range capability combined with the lowest fuel burn, and is the strategic enabler for Indian airlines to regain market share in the lucrative long-haul segment and to profitably grow their operations. We believe the A350 will shape the future of long-range travel. So we are delighted to be showcasing the A350 aircraft at Wings India 2022.”

Rémi Maillard, President and MD of Airbus India & South Asia

miniature helicopters and masks. Model aeroplanes and toy planes too were in high demand. While the first two days were for business discussions, the remaining two days was for the general public. As the Minister for Civil Aviation, Jyotiraditya Scindia said it was a historic time for Civil Aviation in India. “I am confident that the forum that Wings India provides, will serve to synchronise policy formation, with concerns of the stakeholders in the civil aviation sector. Hence, it will consequentially bring unprecedented investment and business acquisition opportunities, thereby creating millions of jobs for those looking to enter this industry,” he said. “Our new Helicopter Policy, Drone Policy, MRO Policy and Flying Training Organisation

Wings India brought together buyers, sellers, investors and other stakeholders on a common platform to discuss various aspects of the aviation industry

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Wings India 2022

Policy stand as testimony towards our commitment to streamline and promote the entry of Indian industry into opportunities that the civil aviation sector has to offer,” the Minister said. Minister of State for Civil Aviation V.K. Singh noted that the aviation sector acts as a growth multiplier including economic output, jobs and trade enabled through better connectivity and has proved to be one of the largest contributors to the ‘Make in India’ initiative. Aircraft maker Airbus showcased Airbus A350 at the event along with its portfolio of India’s Civil world-class products and services Aviation is that are fostering the growth of among the commercial aviation in India. fastestAirbus also put on display a scale growing model of its single aisle A220 aviation aircraft, purpose-built for the 100160 seat market that can prove to markets be a game changer for regional globally and will be a major connectivity in India. “Air travel in India is at an growth engine inflection point with a growing to make India middle class, an increasing a US$5 trillion propensity to travel and a economy by geographical advantage all 2024 conducive to opening up the longhaul potential. It is the time for the 92

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We project robust demand for air travel in South Asia with carriers increasing services, and passengers feeling confident about travel to see family and friends and do business, as well as from air cargo” Dave Schulte Managing Director, Regional Marketing, Boeing Commercial Airplanes

renaissance of international travel solutions in and out of India,” said Rémi Maillard, President and MD of Airbus India & South Asia. Rémi Maillard pointed out that with low fuel burn, A350 can enable Indian airlines to regain market share in the lucrative

long-haul segment and grow their operations. “The A350 offers the greatest range capability combined with the lowest fuel burn, and is the strategic enabler for Indian airlines to regain market share in the lucrative long-haul segment and to profitably grow their operations. We believe the A350 will shape the future of long-range travel. So we are delighted to be showcasing the A350 aircraft at Wings India 2022.” Boeing at Wings India-2022, shared its annual South Asia and India Commercial Market Outlook (CMO). According to Boeing, South Asia’s air travel sector is dominated by the Indian market, which accounts for about 90 per cent of the region’s passenger traffic. India’s continued economic growth and its expanding middleclass will fuel demand across South Asia for 2,400 new commercial jets valued at nearly $375 billion during the 20-year forecast period. “We project robust demand for air travel in South Asia with carriers increasing services, and passengers feeling confident about travel to see family and friends and do business, as well

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as from air cargo,” said Dave Schulte, managing director, regional marketing, Boeing Commercial Airplanes. According to Boeing’s outlook, single-aisle aeroplanes such as the 737 family will continue to serve growth in domestic and regional markets, including flights from India to the Middle East and the Asia Pacific regions and Indian operators will need just over 2,000 new single-aisle aeroplanes to meet demand during the forecast period. Indian carriers will need 240 new wide body aeroplanes such as the 787 Dreamliner to meet long-haul demand. Boeing forecasts demand for more than 75 freighters, including 10 wide bodies and 737 Boeing Converted Freighters. India’s civil aviation industry will require close to 1, 00,000 new pilots, technicians

The E195-E2 offers a low cost per seat, making it very competitive with large narrow-body aircraft that are prevalent in India. It is the perfect aircraft for airlines to tap for the next frontier of growth - connectivity to Tier-II and Tier-III cities” Raul Villaron Asia Pacific Vice-President for Embraer Commercial Aviation

and cabin crew personnel, with an increasing number of women pursuing aviation careers, according to Boeing insights. Brazilian aircraft manufacturer, Embraer, put on display its largest commercial aircraft, the Embraer E195-E2, its largest commercial aircraft as part of its demonstration tour around India. Showcasing a stunning ‘Tech Lion’ livery that covers the entire aircraft’s fuselage, this aircraft is the largest member of the new generation E-Jets family, the E-Jets E2, and is designed to seat up to 146 passengers in its signature two by two seating. “India’s aviation scene is at a turning point and now is the moment for airlines to reposition themselves for sustainable growth,” said Raul Villaron, Asia Pacific Vice-President for Embraer Commercial Aviation.

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

Wings India 2022 “The E195-E2 offers a low cost per seat, making it very competitive with large narrowbody aircraft that are prevalent in India. It is the perfect aircraft for airlines to tap for the next frontier of growth - connectivity to Tier-II and Tier-III cities,” he said. The show was in synergy with India’s commitment to transform the country into World’s top aviation hub. It sought to provide a congenial forum catering to the rapidly changing dynamics of the sector, focusing on new business acquisition, investments, policy formation and regional connectivity. During the Wings India 2022event, Pawan Hans Limited signed agreements for the leasing of six Sikorsky S-76D™ helicopters from The Milestone Aviation Group Limited, the global leader in helicopter leasing. The aircraft will support Pawan Hans’ onshore and offshore

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With agreements in place with several OEMs, and the introduction of the technologically advanced S-76D helicopter, Pawan Hans is playing a pivotal role in bringing nextgeneration helicopter operations to the Indian market” Sanjeev Razdan Chairman and Managing Director, Pawan Hans

helicopter operations in India with Pawan Hans contracted to operate two S-76D helicopters for the Government of India’s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC). In addition to the six helicopters, of which five have already delivered, Milestone and Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin company are also providing Pawan Hans with comprehensive value and sustainment packages to support the phasing-in of this new helicopter type into its fleet. Speaking at Wings India, Sanjeev Razdan, Chairman and Managing Director of Pawan Hans said, “Pawan Hans is the market leader and is very selective in bringing the ideal technology relevant for the Indian market. In the medium twin category, the S-76D is the ideal aircraft to support our offshore operations in South Asia. The helicopter has been launched with a completely

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new maintenance and support philosophy by Pawan Hans. With agreements in place with several OEMs, and the introduction of the technologically advanced S-76D helicopter, Pawan Hans is playing a pivotal role in bringing next-generation helicopter operations to the Indian market.” Another highlight of the event was Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Airports Authority of India (AAI), entering into an agreement for the joint, indigenous development of systems for air traffic management and surface movement of aircraft at airports in the country which were hitherto being imported. Under this Agreement, BEL and AAI will jointly develop Civil Air Traffic Management System (ATMS) with AdvancedSurface Movement Guidance and Control System (ASMGCS), a complex ground surveillance system that manages air traffic at airports and in Indian Civil Airspace for safe operation of flights from take-off to landing. Showcasing its work at the event, Airports Authority of India (AAI) highlighted the development

of airport infrastructure with world-class facilities, the UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik) scheme, and other works done to make the Indian Civil Aviation Industry better and affordable for the people. The show assumed immense significance considering that India’s Civil Aviation is among the fastest-growing aviation markets globally and will be a major growth engine to make India a US$5 trillion economy by 2024. According to figures, passenger traffic in India is the third largest for domestic air passenger which stood at 274.05 million in FY20. It grew at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12.91% during FY16-FY20. The country saw 75 airports opened in 75 years of Civil Aviation in India while under the aegis of Ude Desh Ka Aam Naagrik (UDAN), within 3 years, work has been initiated to provide scheduled connectivity to 76 unserved / 20 underserved airports, 31 heliports and 10 water aerodromes. Among the major changes made in the Indian aviation market was 100% Foreign

Direct Investment (FDI) allowed under Automatic route for Ground Handling Services and Maintenance Repair and Overhaul Services (MRO) and both green and brownfield projects. The Indian civil Aviation MRO market, at present, stands at around US$ 900 million and is anticipated to grow to US$ 4.33 billion by 2025 increasing at a CAGR of about 1415%. The nation’s airplane fleet is projected to quadruple in size to approximately 2500 airplanes by 2038. The government aims to develop 100 airports by 2024 (under the UDAN Scheme) and create world-class civil aviation infrastructure to be at par with global standards. The show saw the CEOs forum providing an ideal platform for leading companies of Aviation Sector to engage, explore and grasp the opportunities for expansion and garner the sector in the presence of the Minister for Civil Aviation.

The Indian civil Aviation MRO market, at present, stands at around US$ 900 million and is anticipated to grow to US$ 4.33 billion by 2025 increasing at a CAGR of about 14-15%. The nation’s airplane fleet is projected to quadruple in size to approximately 2500 airplanes by 2038

- The writer is a senior journalist and media consultant. The views expressed are of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

CIVIL AVIATION NEWS

Pratt & Whitney Wins ‘Best Aviation Sustainable Technology Provider 2021’ Award from ASSOCHAM and the Ministry of Civil Aviation

ew Delhi: With the government giving a boost to the civil aviation and infrastructure development like airports, Indian civil aviation sector has tremendous potential to become backbone of transportation in the country, said Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia giving away the ASSOCHAM Awards on Civil Aviation and Cargo.

Leading aviation company Pratt and Whitney received the award as the “Best Aviation Sustainable Technology Provider 2021,” from the Minister who said, this sector not only presents huge potential for domestic requirements, but for the global aviation industry. Addressing the 13th International Conference cum Awards on Civil Aviation Cargo with theme ‘Driving Post-COVID Growth’ in the capital, the Minister said, several positive measures have been taken by the government to address the challenges faced by the Indian aviation industry,

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including GST on Aviation Turbine Fuel ATF, new Airports and capacity at existing airports, streamlining of freight management and others. Talking about the tremendous growth industry has achieved in terms of numbers of airports from 74 to 140 in last eight years, he expressed confidence that aviation industry in the country may be having 1000 to 2000 fleet of aircraft in next 10 to 15 years which could well boost the aviation sector considering that it had gone through a lean patch at the time of the pandemic which had affected the nation’s economy which now was picking up. The government is working on a policy for regional airlines and helicopter operators so as to boost last mile connectivity, Scindia said. He emphasized that there was need for smaller town airports as well as regional connectivity in India. The growth opportunity is coming from smaller cities like Jharsuguda in Odisha and Rupsi in Assam, he said. “We have to provide the last mile connectivity,” the minister said. Receiving the award on behalf of Pratt & Whitney, at 13th Annual International Conference-cumAwards on Civil Aviation and Cargo, Ms Ashmita Sethi who is President and Country Head of the

company said “Pratt & Whitney is committed to supporting our Indian airline customers in making flying more sustainable and efficient through innovations like our GTF engine, our Hybrid Electric demonstrator and our focus on SAFs as a ‘drop-in’ solution.” We have a big opportunity in form of MRO. MRO will contribute greatly to our #GDP & which we haven’t been able to monetize for India, she tweeted. The company has a long and proud history in India. From the Wasp-powered Douglas DC-3 in the 1940s to the JT3D-powered Boeing 707 in the 1960s, Pratt and Whitney has long been the engines behind the nation’s airlines, defence, medical services and a growing number of locations. These include business and technical offices, a world-class customer training centre, engine maintenance facilities and a large team of field service representatives. The Pratt & Whitney India Training Centre in Hyderabad provides state-of-the-art engine maintenance and performance training. On the occasion, Scindia also gave away excellence awards in various categories to the airports, freight management agencies, ground handling agencies, training institutes and others. The aim of the conference was to outline the prominent pain points that the industry is facing – pre or post pandemic – and find specific solutions to relieve stress from Civil Aviation Sector, make it self-sustainable and economically viable.

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Etihad Airways Adopts Boeing Digital Solution to Further Optimize 787 Fleet Efficiency

UBAI. Boeing has been selected to provide Etihad Airways with the Jeppesen FliteDeck Advisor digital solution for the carrier’s 787 Dreamliner fleet to optimize operational efficiency and reduce fuel consumption. Etihad has already found benefits from the use of FliteDeck Advisor. During a trial on several of its 787 Dreamliners, the airline found that the digital solution delivered cruise fuel savings of 1.4%, saving an average of 350 kilograms of fuel and 1,100 kilograms of CO2 per flight. Since 2019, Boeing and Etihad have collaborated on sustainability efforts centred on the airline’s 787 Dreamliner fleet, including on Etihad’s participation in Boeing’s ecoDemonstrator program, where the FliteDeck Advisor solution was initially trialled. In 2021, the two companies renewed and expanded their sustainability alliance to focus on enhancing the efficiency of navigation and flight operations, airframe technologies and sustainable practices to reduce emissions.

Jeppesen FliteDeck Advisor analyses airplane-specific performance metrics for all Boeing aircraft, including changes over time with aircraft age and maintenance action. The tool enables flight crews to make small, real-time adjustments to their course, altitude, and speed to optimize fuel use and minimize the carbon footprint of each flight. Boeing provides several other digital solutions and services to Etihad’s 787 fleet including Jeppesen FliteDeck Pro, Jeppesen Crew Rostering and Boeing Wind Updates, which provide crew scheduling, charting, navigation, and flight efficiency capabilities.

With 39 Boeing Dreamliner airplanes currently in operation, Etihad is the largest operator in the Middle East of the 787, a family of airplanes designed with superior efficiency which allows airlines to profitably open new routes to fly people directly where they’d like to go in exceptional comfort. Boeing’s strategy to decarbonise aerospace is focused on four key areas, spanning fleet renewal, operational efficiency, renewable energy and advanced technology. Within the operational efficiency strategy, Boeing Global Services provides a portfolio of services including data analytics tools to help customers uncover cost or efficiency savings that reduce fuel consumption.

Boeing and Ethiopian Airlines Sign Memorandum of Understanding for New 777-8 Freighter

SEATTLE. Boeing and Ethiopian Airlines announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding with the intent to purchase five 777-8 Freighters, the industry’s newest, most capable and most fuel-efficient twin-engine freighter. The MoU to order the 777-8 Freighter will enable Ethiopian Airlines to meet expanding global cargo demand from its hub in Addis Ababa and position the carrier for long-term sustainable growth. Boeing launched the new 777-8 Freighter in January and has already booked 34 firm orders for the model, which features the advanced technology from the new 777X family and proven performance of the market-leading 777 Freighter. With payload capacity nearly identical to the 747-400 Freighter and a 30% improvement in fuel efficiency, emissions and operating costs, the 777-8 Freighter will enable a more sustainable and profitable business for operators. Ethiopian Airlines currently operates nine 777 Freighters, connecting Africa with more than 40 cargo centres throughout Asia, Europe, the Middle East and Americas. The carrier’s fleet also includes three 737-800 Boeing Converted Freighters and a combined commercial fleet of more than 80 Boeing jets including 737s, 767s, 787s and 777s.

Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

CIVIL AVIATION NEWS

Air Canada orders six Airbus A321XLR to sustainably support network expansion from Canada

oulouse. Air Canada has confirmed an order with Airbus for six A321XLR aircraft, previously listed as undisclosed in the Airbus order book. With this commitment Air Canada’s A321XLR fleet will comprise 26 aircraft including 20 additional A321XLRs the carrier is acquiring through lessors.

The A321XLR is a perfect fit for Air Canada’s fleet, given its history of operating the entire A320-Family as well as Airbus’ long-range A330-300 wide body and more recently, Airbus’ latest-

generation single-aisle aircraft, the A220.The new Airbus A321XLR aircraft is an ideal replacement for older and less fuel-efficient aircraft. The latest generation Single Aisle jet will allow Air Canada to add

new destinations in the most sustainable way. The A321XLR is the next evolutionary step in the A320neo Family of aircraft, meeting market requirements for increased range and payload in a single-aisle aircraft, and creating more value for airlines by enabling economically viable service on longer routes than any comparable aircraft model. It will allow services from Eastern Canada to a much larger selection of European destinations. The A321XLR will deliver an unprecedented single-aisle aircraft range of up to 4,700nm, with 30% lower fuel consumption per seat compared to previousgeneration aircraft as well as reduced NOx emissions and noise. The aircraft will feature the Airbus Airspace cabin, offering a next level of long-haul comfort to passengers.

STAT MedEvac Orders 10 New Airbus H135 Helicopters

Dallas. STAT MedEvac, an Airbus customer for nearly 40 years, has committed to ordering 10 new H135 helicopters as part of a fleet renewal initiative for its air medical operations. STAT’s total Airbus fleet, a mix of H135 and H145 family aircraft, operates out of 18 bases.STAT MedEvac has flown Airbus helicopters since commencing operations in 1985 and has a longstanding history with the H135 family – it was the first air ambulance program in North America to operate the EC135 in 1997, the first single-pilot IFR program with an EC135 in U.S. Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS), the launch customer of the latest H135 variant in North America and the launch customer of the Helionix-equipped version in 2019. The Pennsylvania-based critical care transport provider is the clinical arm for the Centre for Emergency Medicine of Western Pennsylvania, and is also the largest single branded, non-profit medical transport system in the Eastern United States.The H135 is the market leader in emergency medical services (EMS) worldwide and can be fitted with a wide range of EMS configurations, providing direct access and ample room for patient care. With the lowest operating and maintenance costs of any twin-engine, the proven H135 family of aircraft include Airbus’ Helionix avionics suite and has recently received an alternate gross weight increase for an additional 265lbs of useful load.

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ATR: Making Regional Air Mobility More Affordable in India Hyderabad: Leading regional aircraft manufacturer ATR showcased its latest products and services at Wings India 2022. The manufacturer has recently launched a new engine variant – the PW127XT, which will bring down fuel burn and engine maintenance costs even further – respectively by 3% and 20%, reinforcing ATR’s position as the most economical and sustainable aircraft on the market. With 61 aircraft flying in India, operated by four airlines, which served 90 destinations and opened 39 new routes in 2021, ATR turboprops have been supporting socioeconomic growth in the country since 1999, serving both large metro airports and small regional airfields, and providing essential connectivity to thousands of communities. ATR is the world number one regional aircraft manufacturer with its ATR 42 and 72 aircraft the best- selling aircraft in the less than 90-seat market segment. ATR aircraft open more than 100 new routes on average every year, burn up to 40% less fuel and emit up to 40% less CO2 than regional jets. ATR aircraft have been chosen by some 200 companies in 100 countries around the world. ATR is a joint-venture between Airbus and Leonardo.

Pawan Hans to lease six Sikorsky S-76D™ Helicopters from Milestone Aviation Hyderabad. Pawan Hans Limited (“Pawan Hans”), a Government of India company under Ministry of Civil Aviation signed agreements for the leasing of six Sikorsky S-76D™ helicopters from The Milestone Aviation Group Limited (“Milestone”), the global leader in helicopter leasing. The announcement was made during the Wings India event in Hyderabad, India. The aircraft will support Pawan Hans’ onshore and offshore helicopter operations in India with Pawan Hans contracted to operate two S-76D helicopters for the Government of India’s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (“ONGC”). In addition to the six helicopters, of which five have already delivered, Milestone and Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin company are also providing Pawan Hans with comprehensive value and sustainment packages to support the phasing-in of this new helicopter type into its fleet. The legendary S-76® helicopter operates successfully in more than 40 countries on six continents, fulfilling its many missions in varied environmental conditions. Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company has delivered more than 875 S-76 helicopters to customers globally since 1977, contributing daily to a growing total of more than 7.5 million flight hours. The S-76D helicopter, through its application of modern technologies, is designed to provide a substantial increase in performance, power and value.

HAL Brings 19-seater Civil Aircraft – Hindustan 228

Hyderabad. Defence Public Sector Undertaking (DPSU) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) has in a major step forward developed a small civil transport aircraft, Hindustan 228, a 19-seater that can be operated even in semi-prepared and unpaved airstrips. Apurba Roy, General Manager, HAL told a news agency that, “in Hindustan 228, the design has been transferred to us from Dornier GmbH. This particular aircraft is under type certification and will have it in the name of Hindustan 228. All the testing parameters have been completed. “There is a huge potential for these kinds of aircraft in the market. There are few aircraft in India and across the world that are designed for short-haul travel and can operate on a semi-prepared runway. This aircraft can have many utilities. They can be used as an ambulance, cargo, parajam or paradrop, etc. It is a multi-utility aircraft,” he said. Roy said HAL is making six more such aircraft. The 19-seater aircraft has no toilet. And if the toilet is added then seating capacity will be 17. The engine of the aircraft is not made in India. “There is a lot of interest shown from the state governments as well as private parties to make it deployable in the Udaan scheme,” he added. Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

Raksha Anirveda

CIVIL AVIATION NEWS

Whitney, the India centre will play a crucial role in creating an advanced and integrated global supply chain for us.” The centre began recruiting for its first tranche of 160 aerospace analysts and data scientists and is expected to begin initial operations by April 2022. The centre will be co-located at Collins Aerospace’s campus in Yelahanka, Bengaluru. “India provides the perfect ecosystem of aerospace talent, innovation and capabilities for us,” said Ashmita Sethi, president and country head, Pratt & Whitney. “Over the years we have made significant investments, including our state-of-the-art India

Customer Training Centre in Hyderabad and our advanced R&D centre in Bengaluru. Our new centre is a great example of our continued commitment to India, and we aim to grow our in-country capabilities further.” The India Capability Centre will collaborate with teams across Pratt & Whitney’s global supply chain, and will focus on supply chain operations, procurement, and digital analytics. “India’s ICC will deliver seamless international collaboration. We look forward to building a team that is curious, innovative and aligned to Pratt & Whitney’s mission – and Bengaluru serves as the perfect talent hub,” said Sandeep Sharma, director, India operations, supply chain, Pratt & Whitney Canada. Pratt & Whitney already has a strong, decade-old Research & Development (R&D) presence in Bengaluru. The company’s world-class R&D centre at Indian Institute of Sciences (IISc), Bengaluru focuses on cutting-edge materials and propulsion technologies research. With over 1700 engines and APUs (Auxiliary Power Units) powering more than 900 aircraft, Pratt & Whitney has the largest footprint of any engine maker in the country, and nearly one in every two people flying in India, fly on planes powered by Pratt & Whitney engines.

most immediate and greatest potential to decarbonize aviation over the next 20 to 30 years. Made from several feedstocks, SAF is certified for commercial use and can be blended with traditional jet fuel without

modifications to airplanes, engines, or fuelling infrastructure. In 2021, Boeing committed to deliver its commercial airplanes capable and certified to fly on 100% SAF by 2030. This announcement builds on Boeing’s long-term industry leadership and investment to develop SAF around the world, partnering with airlines, fuel companies, governments and research institutions to expand SAF supply and reduce its cost. This announcement builds on Boeing’s long-term industry leadership and investment to develop SAF around the world, partnering with airlines, fuel companies, governments and research institutions to expand SAF supply and reduce its cost.

Pratt & Whitney Announces New Capabilities Centre in Bengaluru

NEW DELHI. Pratt & Whitney has announced its plans to open a worldclass global supply chain support centre in Bengaluru, India. The India Capability Centre (ICC) will employ hundreds of analysts and data scientists to augment Pratt & Whitney’s global supply chain, focused on digital capabilities. “We are proud to announce our Supply Chain Support Centre in Bengaluru – a first-of-its-kind investment for Pratt & Whitney in India,” said Jim Hamakiotis, vice president, supply management, Pratt & Whitney Canada. “As we build upon our digital transformation efforts at Pratt &

Boeing, SpiceJet, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Join Hands to Lead the Way in Sustainable Aviation Fuel for the Indian Aviation Industry Hyderabad. Boeing, SpiceJet, and CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP) recently announced that they are working together to explore opportunities for the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) in the Indian aviation industry, as part of the organisations’ commitment to help reduce carbon emissions, contributing to the Indian Government’s environmental goals. The companies will work together to leverage SAF supply from CSIRIIP and its production partners and licensees to help SpiceJet decarbonize its fleet. SAF can reduce CO2 emissions by as much as 65% over the fuel’s life cycle with the potential to reach 100% in the future. It is recognized as offering the

100

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BEL and AAI join hands to develop indigenous Air Traffic Management Systems

Hyderabad. In a major boost to its own diversification drive into nondefence and the Government’s ‘Make in India’ programme, Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Airports Authority of India (AAI), under its R&D initiative, at Wings India2022, entered into an agreement for the joint, indigenous development of systems for air traffic management and surface movement of aircraft at airports in the country which were hitherto being imported. Under this Agreement, BEL and AAI will jointly develop Civil Air Traffic Management System (ATMS) with Advanced-Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (ASMGCS), a complex ground surveillance system that manages air traffic at airports and in Indian Civil Airspace for safe operation of flights from take-off to landing. The agreement was signed by Mr M V Raja Sekhar, Director (R&D), BEL, and Mr M Suresh, Member (ANS), on behalf of BEL and AAI, respectively, in the presence of Mr Sanjeev Kumar, Chairman AAI, at Wings India- 2022 in Hyderabad. The dual purpose of air traffic control is to ensure safety, maintaining separation between multiple aircraft, and efficient management of operations at the airport and Indian airspace. ASMGCS provides routing, guidance and

surveillance services to aircraft and vehicles, on the ground, in order to maintain safe surface movement in all weather conditions at the airport. The aim of ATMS with ASMGCS is to provide the air traffic controller with the complete air traffic picture of the coverage area while interacting with Primary/Secondary Radar, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), Multi-lateration System (MLATs), and navigational equipment such as GPS, Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Doppler Very High Frequency Omni Range (DVOR). It also interfaces with multiple subsystems including Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network (AFTN), Airport Operational Database ( A O D B ) , A i r p o r t Co l l a b o r a t i v e Decision Making (ACDM) and Centralised Air Traffic Flow Management system (CATFM). The system is used in congested airports and airspaces to serve large volume of air traffic, including military flights. The system comprises multiple, in-house developed technologies, such as Situation Display for Air traffic controller, Surveillance Data Processing (SDP), Flight Data Processing (FDP), Safety Net and Decision Support (SNET), Control & Monitoring Display (CMD), Advanced ASMGCS, etc. It helps in increasing capacity with improved safety by reducing controller workload, improving air traffic flow and minimising flight delays. Enhanced system reliability and availability are provided through redundant and distributed architecture, safeguarding ATM operations.

India Leads South Asia Air Traffic Growth for the Next Two Decades

HYDERABAD. Boeing shared its annual South Asia and India Commercial Market Outlook (CMO) at Wings India 2022, anticipating resilient long-term demand for commercial airplanes and services following the COVID-19 pandemic. South Asia’s air travel sector is dominated by the Indian market, which accounts for about 90% of the region’s passenger traffic. India’s continued economic growth and its expanding middle class will fuel demand across South Asia for 2,400 new commercial jets valued at nearly $375 billion during the 20-year forecast period, according to Boeing. Single-aisle airplanes will increase their share of total airplane demand to serve India’s vast domestic market and competitive regional market, which includes established carriers as well as start-up airlines. To improve and expand long-haul connectivity – especially routes from India to North America and Europe – carriers will continue to invest in versatile, fuel-efficient widebody airplanes. Other insights from Boeing’s CMO forecast through 2040 include: Indian operators will need just over 2,000 new single-aisle airplanes to meet demand during the forecast period. Single-aisle airplanes such as the 737 family will continue to serve growth in domestic and regional markets, including flights from India to the Middle East and Asia Pacific regions. Indian carriers will need 240 new widebody airplanes such as the 787 Dreamliner to meet long-haul demand. India’s air cargo growth is expected to average 6.3% annually, driven by the country’s manufacturing and e-commerce sectors, including its Make in India initiative.

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Boeing and IGRUA Explore Collaboration Opportunities to Enhance Early Career Flight Training in India

ew Delhi. Boeing recently announced plans to explore strategic collaboration opportunities to enhance safety and quality in early career flight training with Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi (IGRUA), a premier flight training organization under the Indian Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA). Boeing’s strategic collaboration with IGRUA is an important step in advancing aviation training in the country through collaboration with flight training and development organizations to enhance capabilities and safety. “IGRUA has always set the bar for training in Indian aviation. The collaboration with Boeing will help IGRUA set the bar even higher to achieve global standards. The collaboration will not just benefit the next generation of Indian pilots, but the entire aviation ecosystem of the country will benefit from Boeing’s experience in safety and quality. IGRUA is proud

to be associated with Boeing,” said Krishnendu Gupta, Director, IGRUA. IGRUA’s experience in India and the surrounding region will provide key insights into identifying opportunities for the organizations to work together in the early career flight training field. “Boeing is committed to supporting and investing in the Indian Government’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision of continuing to develop India as an aviation hub,” said Salil Gupte, president, Boeing India. “Our strategic collaboration with IGRUA will look at ways to further emphasize safety and quality to aspiring airline cadets in training and throughout their careers,” added Gupte. Boeing intends to further focus on developing both early career and professional flight training in India through collaborations, scholarships, experiential learning, innovation and technology.

Boeing Develops Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance/Air Traffic Management Modernization Roadmap for Airports Authority of India

New Delhi. Boeing has announced the completion of its milestone project for Airports Authority of India (AAI), to develop a comprehensive 10-year Communication, Navigation and Surveillance/Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) modernization roadmap, undertaken with a grant from the US Trade and Development Agency (USTDA). Boeing, with AAI, conducted a comprehensive analysis across operational, environmental, regulatory, technological, safety, and financial factors to develop and present a roadmap that AAI can use as guidance to modernize the Indian National Airspace System across communication, navigation, surveillance, and capacity and traffic management – aligned with global best standards. In 2019, Boeing and AAI signed an agreement to jointly develop a comprehensive 10-year roadmap for modernizing Air Traffic Management in India, backed by the USTDA. As part of the project, Boeing worked closely with the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), airlines operating in India, airport operators, and other airspace stakeholders under the US-India Aviation Cooperation Program (ACP). Partnerships of this scale increase further opportunities and deepen collaboration between the US and India, and in the aviation ecosystem locally, enabling exchange and leverage of expertise and technology for local as well as global customers.

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Air France-KLM confirms order for four A350F Toulouse. Air France-KLM has finalised its order with Airbus for four new generation A350F freighters, following the earlier commitment announced in December 2021. The freighters are destined to increase Air France’s cargo capacity with the most efficient and sustainable cargo aircraft available in the market. The A350F is based on the world’s most modern long range leader, the A350. The aircraft will feature a large main deck cargo door and a fuselage length optimised for cargo operations. Over 70% of the airframe is made of advanced materials resulting in a 30 tonnes lighter take-off weight, which together with efficient Rolls-Royce engines generate an advantage of at least 20% lower fuel burn and CO2 over its current closest competitor. With a 109 tonnes payload capability (+3t payload / 11% more volume than its competition), the A350F serves all cargo markets (Express, general cargo, special cargo…) and is in the large freighter category the only new generation freighter aircraft ready for the enhanced ICAO CO₂ emissions standards. Launched in 2021, the A350F recorded 29 orders and commitments from five customers.

Lilium Begins Flight Testing in Spain, Plans to Introduce an Additional Demonstrator Aircraft VILLACARRILLO / MUNICH: Lilium N.V. (“Lilium”), developer of the first allelectric vertical take-off and landing (“eVTOL”) jet, announced that it has begun the next phase of flight testing in Spain with its 5th generation technology demonstrator, Phoenix 2. Over the coming months at the ATLAS Flight Test Centre, Lilium plans to extend the flight envelope through full transition and high-speed flight. These developments come after successful flight testing with the same aircraft in southern Germany last year. Lilium also plans to introduce an additional demonstrator aircraft, Phoenix 3, which is scheduled to arrive in Spain for first flight this summer. This aircraft is expected to significantly accelerate the flight test campaign, allowing Lilium to increase learnings and reduce program risks. Together with excellent weather conditions, the ATLAS Flight Test Centre provides optimal infrastructure and enables aircraft to fly over a large, unpopulated area while transitioning fully to high-speed wing-borne flight. The modern facilities and support from the Andalusian Foundation for Aerospace Development (“FADA”) and Centre for Advanced Aerospace Technologies (“CATEC”) have been instrumental in setting Lilium up for a successful flight test campaign. Lilium, founded in 2015 – is creating a sustainable and accessible mode of high-speed, regional transportation for people and goods. Accelerating the decarbonisation of air travel using the Lilium Jet, an all-electric vertical take-off and landing jet, offering leading capacity, low noise and high performance with zero operating emissions, Lilium is working with aerospace, technology and infrastructure leaders, and with planned launch networks announced in Germany, the United States and Brazil.

Eurowings receives its first A320neo

Toulouse. Eurowings has taken delivery of its first Airbus A320neo aircraft featuring the new Airspace cabin design. Eurowings is a long standing all Airbus operator with 75 Airbus A320 Family Aircraft on its European network. The Airbus Airspace cabin brings the award-winning widebody passenger experience to the single-aisle market, elevating comfort, ambience and services to the next level. Unique and customizable lighting sets the right ambience throughout all phases of flight, optimizing passenger relaxation in the quietest cabin in its class. Airspace XL bins for 60% more bags, redesigned sidewall panels maximize personal space. Airspace also offers hygienic space and antimicrobial surfaces in all lavatories. The A320neo Family is the most successful aircraft family ever with an operational reliability at 99.7 %. The A320neo provides operators with a 20% reduction in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, thanks to latest technologies as new generation engines and Sharklet wing tip devices. The Airbus’ A320neo Family offers unmatched comfort in all classes and Airbus’ 18-inch wide seats in economy as standard. At the end of February 2022, the A320neo Family had received nearly 7,900 orders from over 125 customers worldwide. Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

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TIDCO & GE to Establish Centre of Excellence for Aviation Research in Tamil Nadu ew Delhi. GE Aviation, a world leader in aircraft engines and technology development, has partnered with Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (TIDCO) to set up a Centre of Excellence (CoE) in emerging technologies. Governed by the special purpose entity (SPV) of TIDCO, the CoE aims to create an ecosystem of advanced research and development using additive technologies. The CoE comes after both organizations signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) in 2021. An investment of about ₹141.26 crores over five years was proposed to be funded by TIDCO and GE in two phases. The CoE will work towards technology development of aviation engine parts such as compressor heat exchangers, combustor components, casing, frames, gears, and splines. It will also take up projects in development

of predictive analytical solutions for additive manufacturing (AM) for industry 4.0. The CoE will aim to develop Indian intellectual property for the AM technologies including materials, machines, and design software to provide specific technology solutions. Recently the India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology rolled out a national strategy for Additive Manufacturing (AM) to encourage collaboration between government, industry, and academia with the goal of making India a global hub for design, development

and deployment of 3D printing. Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a manufacturing technology whose adoption is increasing at rapid pace in industries like aerospace, automotive and healthcare. Unlike conventional manufacturing, AM can enable complex designs without additional cost burden. It offers unprecedented geometrical freedom and can, therefore, not only enable significant design innovation but also produce an assembly of several different parts as a single unit.

International, Sandeep Patnaik, Director, AASSC and Chetan S, Head Operations, AASSC. Under the partnership, Airbus, Tata STRIVE and and AASSC with support of NSDC & Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE) will work together to build a pipeline of talent in the aerospace sector,

focusing on providing opportunities to the youth. The three entities will form a joint working group to explore skilling in areas such as airport operations, flight training, engineering and maintenance as well as for workforce requirements for safety of aircraft and airports. The organisations will leverage their existing flagship centres to deliver available courses and also look at updating required curriculum. In addition, the three partners will also look for synergies with other aviation companies to explore their support on skilling in drones operation and MROs.

Airbus, Tata STRIVE collaborate with AASSC to skill India’s youth for aviation jobs

Mumbai. Airbus signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Tata STRIVE, a skill development initiative of Tata Trusts, and the Aerospace and Aviation Sector Skill Council (AASSC) to train young Indians for aviation and aerospace jobs. AASSC is the apex body in skill development in aerospace and aviation sector under the aegis of National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). The MoU was signed by Rémi Maillard, President and Managing Director, Airbus India & South Asia, Anita Rajan, CEO – Tata STRIVE and Wg Cdr Rachit Bhatnagar CEO, AASSC in the presence of Christian Scherer, Chief Commercial Officer and Head of Airbus 104

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First A380 powered by 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel takes to the skies Toulouse. Airbus has performed a first A380 flight powered by 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). Airbus’ A380 test aircraft MSN 1 took off from Blagnac Airport, Toulouse, France on March 25. The flight lasted about three hours, operating one Rolls-Royce Trent 900 engine on 100% SAF. 27 tonnes of unblended SAF were provided by Total Energies for this flight. The SAF produced in Normandy, close to Le Havre, France, was made from Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), free of aromatics and sulphur, and primarily consisting of used cooking oil, as well as other waste fats. This is the third Airbus aircraft type to fly on 100% SAF over the course of 12 months; the first was an Airbus A350 in March 2021 followed by an A319neo single-aisle aircraft in October 2021. Increasing the use of SAF remains a key pathway to achieving the

industry’s ambition of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Key statistics outlined in the Waypoint 2050 report indicate that SAF could contribute between 53% and 71% of required carbon reductions. All Airbus aircraft are currently certified to fly with up to a 50% blend of SAF mixed with kerosene. The aim is to

achieve certification of 100% SAF by the end of this decade. The A380 aircraft used during the test is the same aircraft recently revealed as Airbus’ ZEROe Demonstrator – a flying testbed for future technologies instrumental to bringing the world’s first zero-emission aircraft to market by 2035.

state run Alliance Air had signed an agreement with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited to lease two 17-seater Dornier 228 aircraft. The Dornier 228 is based on Do-228 being operated by the Indian Air Force and manufactured by HAL in India. Alliance Air is the regional division of Air India operating flights under the government’s

RCS-UDAN scheme. Alliance Air’s first flight between Dibrugarh in Assam and Pasighat in Arunachal Pradesh will boost connectivity in the north-eastern states. Regular flight operations are slated to start from April 18 on the DibrugarhPasighat-Lilabari-Dibrugarh route. The services will be further expanded to Tezu, Mechuka, Ziro and Tuting in Arunachal Pradesh with the Dibrugarh airport as the hub station. Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia, Arunachal Pradesh Chief Minister Pema Khandu and Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma were present on the occasion of Dornier 228’s first flight and the flying training organisation’s opening. Till date, Dornier 228 planes are used by the armed forces only. According to HAL, the versatile aircraft has the capabilities of short take-off and landing, ability to land and take-off from semi-prepared runways. The aircrafts will be deployed under the government’s ambitious Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) in the region called UDAN.

‘Made-in-India’ Dornier 228 Takes First Commercial Flight

New Delhi: With Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia on board, Alliance Air’s made-in-India Dornier 228 aircraft took its first commercial flight on Dibrugarh-Pasighat route on April 12. With this Alliance Air became India’s first commercial airline to fly Indianmade aircraft for civil operations. In February,

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appointments

Gen Manoj Pande Takes Charge as 29th Army Chief

ew Delhi. General Manoj Pande on April 30 took charge as the 29th Chief of the Army Staff. He succeeds Gen MM Naravane, who retired from service the same day. Gen Pande became the first officer from the Corps of Engineers to helm the force and was currently serving as the vice chief of Indian army. Gen Pande has taken charge of the Army at a time India is facing myriad security challenges, including along the borders with China and Pakistan. As the Army chief, he will also have to coordinate with the Navy and the Indian Air Force on the government’s plan to roll out theatre commands. He took over as the Vice Chief of Army Staff on February 1, 2022. Earlier, he was the Commander-in-Chief Andaman & Nicobar Command (CINCAN) from June 2020 to May 2021 and the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command from June 2021 to January 2022. Gen Manoj Pande, PVSM, AVSM, VSM, an alumnus of the National Defence Academy, was commissioned in December 1982 in the Corps of Engineers (The Bombay Sappers). He has commanded 117 Engineer

Regiment during Operation PARAKRAM in the sensitive Pallanwala Sector of Jammu and Kashmir, along the Line of Control. Gen Pande is a graduate of Staff College, Camberley (United Kingdom) and attended the Higher Command (HC) and National Defence College (NDC) Courses. In his 39-year distinguished military career, he has tenanted important and challenging command and staff appointments in different operational environments. It includes command of an Engineer Brigade in the Western Theatre as part of Strike Corps; an Infantry Brigade along Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir,

a Mountain Division in the High Altitude Area of Western Ladakh and command of a Corps deployed along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and in Counter Insurgency Operations area of Eastern Command. His staff exposures include Brigade Major of a Mountain Brigade in the North East, Assistant Military Secretary (AMS) in Military Secretary’s Branch, Colonel Q of a Mountain Division in High Altitude Area and Brigadier General Staff (Operations) at Headquarters Eastern Command. He has served as a Chief Engineer in the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea. He has also tenanted the appointments of Additional Director General in the Military Operations Directorate at Army Headquarters, Chief of Staff Headquarters Southern Command and Director General Discipline Ceremonial & Welfare at the Army Headquarters. He has been conferred with the Param Vishisht Seva Medal, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, Vishisht Seva Medal, the Chief of Army Staff Commendation and twice with GOC-in-C Commendation for his illustrious service. He is also the Colonel Commandant, The Bombay Sappers.

New Delhi. Air Marshal Sreekumar Prabhakaran assumed command of Delhi based Western Air Command (WAC) on March 1. The Air Marshal is a graduate of National Defence Academy, Pune and

was commissioned into the IAF as a fighter pilot on December 22, 1983. He is an alumnus of Defence Services Staff College (DSSC) Wellington and National Defence College, New Delhi. An experienced MiG-21 pilot and a category ‘A’ qualified flying instructor, Air Marshal Prabhakaran has nearly 5000 hours of flying experience. In a service career spanning over 38 years, the Air Marshal has tenanted important command and staff appointments. These include command of two flying stations and IAF’s Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team (SKAT). He has served as Directing Staff at DSSC,

Commandant of the College of Air Warfare (CAW), Defence Attaché at the Indian Mission at Cairo, Egypt, Assistant Chief of Air Staff Intelligence [ACAS (Int)], Director General (Inspection & Safety) and Senior Air Staff Officer of the Gandhinagar based South Western Air Command. He was Commandant of the Air Force Academy, Hyderabad prior to taking over the present appointment. The Air Officer is a recipient of Vayu Sena Medal and Ati Vishisht Seva Medal. Air Marshal S Prabhakaran succeeds Air Marshal Amit Dev who superannuated on February 28 after more than 39 years of distinguished service in IAF.

Air Marshal S Prabhakaran Takes Charge as Commander, Western Air Command

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Vice Admiral Sanjay Mahindru Takes Charge as Deputy Chief of Naval Staff

New Delhi: Vice Admiral Sanjay Mahindru, AVSM, NM assumed charge as Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff on March 31. Vice Admiral Sanjay Mahindru is an alumni of the National Defence Academy, Khadakvasla. He was commissioned into the Indian Navy on January 1985 and is a Submarine and Navigation Specialist. In his career spanning over 37 years, he has held a variety of Command and Staff appointments both ashore and afloat. The Flag Officer has commanded INS Shalki, a Type 1500 Shishumar Class submarine, Cadets Training Ship INS Krishna, and Destroyer INS Rajput. He has also commanded INS Satavahana the Navy’s Submarine Training Establishment where he set up the School for Advanced Underwater Warfare. In his staff tenures he has served in the Directorate of Submarine Operations and Directorate of Nuclear Submarine Acquisition at IHQ MoD (N). He has also carried out duties as Naval Assistant to FOC-in-C (West) and FOC-in-C (South). On promotion to the rank of Rear Admiral in 2015, he tenanted the appointments of Flag Officer Submarines & Flag Officer Maharashtra Area and Chief Staff Officer at HQSFC. On elevation to the rank of Vice Admiral in 2019, he held the challenging and coveted appointment of Deputy C-in-C of the Strategic Forces Command prior taking over the present appointment as Deputy Chief of Naval Staff at IHQ MoD (N). He has attended the Joint Services Staff College, UK and the College of Naval Warfare Mumbai. He has a MA (Defence Studies) from Kings College, London and M Phil (Defence Studies) from Mumbai University.The Flag Officer was awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal in 2018 and Nau Sena Medal (Gallantry) in 2002, by the Hon’ble President of India.

Saif Al Dahbashi Appointed Chief Executive Officer Of Al Taif, An Edge Group Entity Abu Dhabi: EDGE, the region’s leading advanced technology group, and one of the top 25 in the world, announced the appointment of Saif Ali Al Dahbashi to the position of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) at its entity AL TAIF, the leading UAE in-country provider of lifecycle support for military land platforms and systems through maintenance, repair and overhaul, supply chain management, technical training and engineering services. AL TAIF is part of the Land division within EDGE Group’s Platforms & Systems cluster. Mansour AlMulla, Managing Director and CEO of EDGE Group, said: “The appointment of Saif as CEO of AL TAIF will see him use his considerable industry

experience and leadership skills to successfully steer the business operations of AL TAIF, and to deliver growth in line with its overall vision and objectives. A major pillar of this strategy is the continued support and development of the UAE’s sovereign capabilities as it looks to become a global hub of advanced technologies and defence related services. We wish him every success.” Previously AL TAIF’s Chief Operating Officer, Al Dahbashi brings to his new role 17 years of experience in shaping and implementing large-scale transformational programmes across major commercial organisations, including major UAE based companies such as Strata Manufacturing and Mubadala Investment Company.

San Diego: General Atomics (GA) has named Dr. Wayne Solomon as Vice President for its Magnetic Fusion Energy (MFE) Division, effective immediately. Dr. Solomon joined GA in 2016 as Deputy Director for the DIII-D National Fusion Facility. Most recently, he held the role of Director of Science & Technology and Deputy Director for MFE, where he helped develop a longrange strategy for the Division and oversaw innovative science, research, and technology development programs

within the Energy Group. Dr. Solomon also has had a strong involvement in the fusion science community. In 2018, he became a Co-chair of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics Community Planning Process and helped lead the effort to develop a consensus long range strategic plan for the U.S. fusion community. After completion of that work, he was selected as a leader of the Department of Energy Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) Long Range Planning Subcommittee, and the report was unanimously endorsed by the full FESAC committee. Prior to joining GA, Dr. Solomon worked at DIII-D as a collaborating scientist from Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) and led the Dynamics and Control research group. He holds a Ph.D. in Plasma Physics from the Australian National University.

General Atomics Names Dr Wayne Solomon as Vice President for Magnetic Fusion Energy Division

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news ROUND UP DSIT Unveils the Advanced Underwater Acoustic Communication System - WhitePointer

Boeing Secures Order for Additional MH-47G Block II Chinook Helicopters from US Army PHILADELPHIA. Boeing extends its partnership with the US Army Special Operations Aviation Command (USASOAC) with an order for six additional MH-47G Block II Chinook helicopters. The award, valued at $195 million, brings the total number of MH-47G Block II aircraft under contract with the USASOAC to 36. The upgraded MH-47G Block II Chinook features improved structure and weight reduction initiatives that increase the aircraft’s performance and efficiency, allowing for extended lift and range. Boeing has delivered five MH-47G Block II aircraft to date. Deliveries of the new order are scheduled to begin in 2024, with production to primarily take place at Boeing’s Philadelphia site. The H-47 Chinook program supports more than 20,000 jobs and 360 suppliers in 40 states, and is relied on by the US Army and 19 countries around the globe. Supporting a global fleet of more than 950 aircraft, Boeing continues to deliver unrivalled production, maintenance and sustainment cost efficiencies. 108

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Tel Aviv. Israeli company DSIT has unveiled its WhitePointer - the most advanced underwater acoustic communication system that enables simultaneous communication between multiple surface and underwater platforms. The system is based on the company’s advanced underwater technology that allows networked communication between various users. According to the company, the WhitePointer system complies with NATO Standards and enables reliable voice and data communication between surface ships, submarines, and other underwater users including divers and drones such as Swimmer’s Delivery Vehicles (SDVs), Diver Propulsion Vehicles (DPVs), Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs). The system supports underwater acoustic networked communication with multiple users and can be fully integrated with any onboard communication system. The solution – which implements multiple types of modulations for data transmission – includes a synthesized, high-power transceiver with pre-set frequencies. This allows the Operator to rapidly switch channels without risking errors. A subsidiary of RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems Ltd., DSIT Solutions Ltd. has, for the last three decades, developed and implemented comprehensive defence and protection solutions against various underwater threats, focusing on six main types of solutions: Underwater Coastal Terrain Dominance systems, Underwater Security systems, Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) systems, Sonar systems for Submersible Platforms, Acoustic Analysis & Trainer systems, and underwater communication. Based on DSIT Solutions’ wide range of capabilities, experience and innovative technology, the company’s underwater systems and technologies have been successfully deployed by many sophisticated customers worldwide for naval defence, HLS, and energy security applications.

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ideaForge Awarded Largest mini-VTOL UAV Defence Contract

HENSOLDT Equips German C-130 'Hercules' with State-of-the-art Missile Defence System Taufkirchen/Germany. In the course of the acquisition of three Lockheed C-130J-30 and KC-130J "Hercules" aircraft each, the German Bundeswehr decided to equip all aircraft with HENSOLDT’s latest generation of defence sensor technology. With MILDS Block 2, HENSOLDT is supplying a total of 35 sensors (five per aircraft and five units for lab use) to Danish company Terma A/S, which is managing the integration of the systems at Lockheed Martin through Terma Inc. The contracts, with a scope of 2.9 million euros, were signed in 2020. So far, 20 sensors and the ordered desiccant-kits have already been delivered. By January 2023, the remaining 15 sensors will be delivered. The first "Hercules" for the German Air Force was handed over in Évreux/Fauville (France) on February 19, 2022 to the Franco-German air-transport squadron. With MILDS Block 2, HENSOLDT is also helping to close the capability gap created by the retirement of the C-160 "Transall". MILDS Block 2 is a passive, true imaging sensor system optimised for detecting emission signatures in the UV solar blind spectral band emitted from an approaching missile exhaust plume. The sensor is designed as the successor to the well-known MILDS AN/AAR-60, offering increased sensitivity and additional applications. MILDS Block 2 detects incoming missile threats and indicates the direction of arrival with maximum warning time. MILDS Block 2's high spatial resolution combined with advanced temporal processing provides a very high declaration rate while virtually eliminating false alarms. MILDS Block 2 consists typically of four to six identical interconnected detectors integrated into the higher-level EW system. In addition, neither cooling nor a central processing unit are required. A high percentage of aircraft losses in current and recent conflicts have been caused by ground-based defence systems using IR SAM (infrared surface-to-air missile). To keep pace with this evolution on the threat side, HENSOLDT Sensors has developed the MILDS AN/AAR-60 Block 2 missile warning system, a self-protection solution specifically for helicopters and wide-body aircraft that allows for higher performance and enables additional features such as in-sensor data recording and Hostile Fire Indication (HFI). Rapid detection and declaration, combined with automatic countermeasure release and crew alerting, supports mission success and safe crew and aircraft return.

Mumbai: Within a month of the Union Budget 2022-23 announcing that 68% of its Defence Capital Procurement budget would be reserved for domestic organizations, the largest single VTOL Mini UAV defence contract globally has been awarded to ideaForge for its SWITCH UAV. As a part of this contract, ideaForge shall deliver 200 systems to augment the Indian Army’s Surveillance capabilities. ideaForge won this contract against stiff competition from Israel, Russia, Ukraine, France, India and others. The SWITCH UAV was the only system that emerged successful from the rigorous testing and field trials that the Indian Army is well known for. Built on a strong foundation of interdisciplinary engineering, ideaForge has become a global leader in UAV technology. Its drones offer class-leading performance, reliability, and autonomy, and have been widely adopted for defence, homeland security and enterprise applications. In India, ideaForge has by far the largest market share in the security, surveillance, and industrial market for drones. Its customers include the Indian Defence and Homeland Security Forces, who have conducted over 220,000 missions using its drones. ideaForge has a diverse list of industrial customers such as geospatial surveying, mining sectors.

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news ROUND UP Lockheed Martin Stalker VXE UAS Completes a World Record 39-Hour Flight PALMDALE, California. Lockheed Martin Skunk Works® demonstrated the expanded endurance capabilities of a specially configured Lockheed Martin Stalker VXE unmanned aerial system (UAS) through a world record endurance flight on February 18, 2022, at the Santa Margarita Ranch in California. The flight establishes a new record in the Group 2 (5 to <25-kilogram) category with a flight time of 39 hours, 17 minutes and 7 seconds. The flight has been submitted to the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), the world sanctioning body for aviation records, through its U.S. affiliate, the National Aeronautic Association, for certification. A production Stalker VXE was modified for this record-setting flight with an external, wingmounted fuel tank. The flight provided valuable insight for improvements to Stalker VXE aimed at scaling its mission capabilities for the future. Stalker VXE’s class-leading endurance, broad operating envelope, modular payload compliance, vertical take-off and landing capability, and open system architecture allow it to execute diverse and demanding missions while maintaining a small operational footprint and crew. To achieve this world record flight time, Lockheed Martin partnered with Edge Autonomy as a developer and original equipment manufacturer of high-performance unmanned systems, including the Stalker VXE aircraft. Adaptive Energy to develop cutting-edge fuel cell technology, investing in advanced power sources and testing innovative implementation techniques for field operations. Composite Technology Development Inc. to build a light-weight external wing tank. Precision Integrated Programs to provide flight operations support. Clovis Area Modelers to provide FAI official contest directors to continuously monitor and adjudicate the world record flight for ratification.

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Indigenous Firepower: Dhanush Clears Firing Trials, ATAGS Set for Final Trial

ew Delhi: The long delayed project for indigenous artillery seems to be finally reaching its conclusion, with the towed howitzer, Dhanush, clearing firing trials and the Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System (ATAGS) set to begin its last round of testing this month. The Army had, in 2018, placed an initial order for 114 of the 155mm x 45mm Dhanush, manufactured by the Ordnance Factory Board’s Gun Carriage Factory (GCF) in Madhya Pradesh’s Jabalpur — now known as Advanced Weapons and Equipment India (AWE) Limited. However, the delivery was hit by production quality issues flagged by the force and hence needed fresh firing trials before being deployed fully. According to sources two Dhanush guns, which have a strike range of 38 km, fired 90 rounds each “flawlessly” as part of the second line of firing in Zone 6 at the Pokhran firing range. This meant that all decks have been cleared for its induction. Second line of firing means the firing of guns through ammunition replenishment of 45 rounds each continuously, while zone 6 refers to the highest charge, which makes the gun fire at its maximum range. During this process, the barrel gets very hot and may burst and hence the successful firing showed that the gun is now ready for active deployment, sources said.

Meanwhile, the ATAGS, being developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) along with private firms Bharat Forge and TATA Power SED, will possibly undergo its last round of test firing. If successful, it will pave the way for orders to be placed by the Army, which is in dire need of artillery guns. According to sources, there was “inconsistency” in the overall performance of the gun when firing was conducted in June last year. The gun, which has cleared the mobility trials, faced issues with the auto ammunition loading bridge opening operation, sources said. They added that if the new trials, which will begin this month, are cleared, then it would pave the way for the Army placing orders. While the Army is satisfied with the gun in terms of firepower and mobility, it had flagged multiple concerns regarding the production quality. The ATAGS has unmatched range, with Extended Range Sub-Bore Boat Tail (ERFB BT) ammunition capable of hitting targets at 35 km and with ERFB BB (Base Bleed) ammunition with a 45 km range. The ATAGS actually fired at a range of 47 km in 2017. It is said that when the ATAGS will finally be ordered, both the private firms, Bharat Forge and TATA Power SED, will get orders, but the lowest bidder would get the largest share — 60 per cent or more.

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Indigenously Developed Specialist Vehicles by TASL, Bharat Forge Inducted by Army Chief

une: The first set of indigenously developed vehicles were inducted by Chief of Army Staff General MM Naravane at a ceremony held at the Bombay Engineer Group (BEG) and Centre here on April 12. The inducted vehicles were Quick Reaction Fighting Vehicle Medium (QRFV), Infantry Protected Mobility Vehicle (IPMV) developed by Tata Advanced System Limited (TASL) and Monocoque Hull Multi Role Mine Protected Armoured Vehicle developed by Bharat Forge. The IPMV is a co-development project with DRDO. The vehicles jointly designed and developed by TASL along with the Vehicles Research & Development

Establishment (VRDE), have been manufactured at a facility in Pune and built on the strategic 8×8 Wheeled Armoured Platform (WhAP). The vehicles have undergone stringent field trials in different terrains including high altitude areas and desert areas by the Indian Army. These vehicles include TASL’s inhouse designed and developed Remote

Controlled Weapon Station and have onboard thermal sights and external add-on armour protection panels which have been developed by Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory of DRDO. This is the first commercial sale of a strategic platform that has been co-developed by DRDO and a private player. Apart from the vehicles, Ultra Long Range Observation System developed and manufactured by TASL was also inducted. It will be mainly used for surveillance, observation, border security, artillery, and strategic security applications. The induction of these indigenously developed armoured protected vehicles by TASL and Bharat Forge would greatly enhance the operational capabilities of Indian Army in future conflicts.

them (hard kill). The detection of drone is done with the help of Radars and RF based detection system. The identification is done with the help of Electro Optic sensor and COMINT. The soft kill is carried out with RF jamming & Anti GNSS technologies, and Hard kill with the help of Laser Directed Energy Weapon (DEW). The system can detect, identify and neutralise different types of drones including Small Hybrid UAVs, Micro UAV/ Multi rotor, and Nano UAVs. The third list consists of over 100 items, including complex equipment and systems which are being developed and likely to translate into firm orders over the next five years. Orders worth more than Rs 2, 10,000 crore are likely to be placed on the Industry in the next five years as part of the items

covered in the third list, the Defence Ministry had said. Contracts for 31 projects worth Rs 53,839 crore have been signed by the Armed Forces since the notification of the first and second lists. Acceptance of Necessity (AoNs) for 83 projects worth Rs 1, 77,258 crore have been accorded. In addition, cases worth Rs 2, 93,741 crore will be progressed in the next five-seven years.

DRDO's Counter Drone System ToT Documents Handed Over to Indian Industry including L&T, Astra Microwave, Adani Defence, ECIL

ew Delhi: DRDO-developed Counter Drone System transfer of technology documents were handed over by the Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on April 7 to the Indian industry, including companies like Larsen & Toubro, Astra Microwave and Adani Defence Systems in New Delhi. At an event organised at DRDO Bhawan, the handover to the Indian industries took place in the presence of Union and state defence ministers, other dignitaries. The transfer took place while Singh released the third positive indigenisation list of defence equipment. The other companies include ICOMM Tele Ltd and Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL). Counter Drone System can detect, track and identify airborne drones using multiple sensors, transfer the information to associated systems and enable counter techniques to deny them the intended operation (soft kill) and/ or destroy

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DAC Clears Procurement of Equipment from Indigenous Industry

ew Delhi: In keeping with the government focus on self-reliance in the defence sector, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC),

chaired by Defence minister Rajnath Singh, cleared the procurement of 14 items worth Rs 380.43 crore from the Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) startups

and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) on March 22, 2022. These items will be procured by the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force. The DAC also approved the new simplified procedure for procurement from iDEX startups and MSMEs. This would fast-track the procurement from the startups and the MSMEs. The DAC also approved the simplified procedure for MakeII category projects on similar lines of iDEX procedure and would considerably bring down the time taken from prototype development to contract signing in Make-II projects. Projects under 'Make-II' category involves prototype development of equipment, systems, platforms

the French Navy . Trials were conducted using an optionally piloted vehicle (OPV) based on a modified Guimbal Cabri G2 equipped with the autonomous take-off and landing (ATOL) system developed for the VSR700. This flight test campaign paves the way for the upcoming demonstration of the VSR700, at sea, onboard a French Navy frigate. The test campaign was conducted off the

coast of Brest, France, onboard a civilian vessel equipped with a helicopter landing deck in the presence of experts from the DGA. Beyond demonstrating the ATOL system developed for the VSR700, the trials were also used to assess the approach procedures before landing on the vessel. The VSR700 flight envelope at sea, in proximity to a vessel, was tested in line with development objectives and was confirmed to be fully compatible with naval operations. Both the semi-autonomous and the fully autonomous modes of the ATOL system were demonstrated with success in different sea states. The VSR700 uses Airbus DeckFinder to enable autonomous ship deck take off and landings in all weather conditions, during the day or night. In total, 150 autonomous launches and recoveries took place. The handling and manoeuvring of the OPV, representative of the VSR700, on the ship deck were also tested. The OPV can carry one test pilot in order to enable safer and more agile initial testing

VSR700 Autonomous Take-off and Landing Capabilities

arignane. Airbus Helicopters has begun trialling autonomous takeoff and landing capabilities at sea for the VSR700, an unmanned aerial system (UAS) being developed in the frame of the SDAM (Système de drone aérien de la Marine) programme, conducted by the DGA (Direction Générale de l’Armement - the French Armament General Directorate) for 112

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worth `380 cr

or their upgrades for import substitution or innovative solutions, for which no government funding is provided for prototype development purposes. The iDEX was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2018 with the objective of fostering innovation and incorporating cutting-edge and disruptive technologies in the Armed Forces in a quick time-frame. The iDEX scheme has been instituted under the overarching mission of the defence ministry to achieve self-reliance and indigenisation. The aim is to provide at least 50 world class solutions to the Armed Forces and the defence industry in the near future.

Tested at Sea

before those systems are integrated into the fully autonomous VSR700. The OPV initially conducted piloted take-offs and landings before switching progressively to fully autonomous manoeuvres. Designed to operate alongside other shipborne naval assets, the VSR700 is a UAS in the 500-1,000 kg maximum take-off weight range. It offers the best balance of payload capability, endurance and operational cost. It is capable of carrying multiple full-size naval sensors for extended periods and can operate from existing ships, alongside a helicopter, with a low logistical footprint. The first prototype of the VSR700 performed its maiden flight in 2020 and expanded its flight envelope in 2021. In April 2021, the DGA ordered a second prototype of the VSR700 to focus on trials covering SDAM requirements and to permit broader, more rapid development towards that goal.

GRSE Inks Strategic MoU with Border Roads Organisation, to Supply 27 GRSE Make, First of Its Kind Modular Double-lane Steel Bridges

OLKATA. Facilitating roadway infrastructure development in difficult terrains of India, Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd., (GRSE), a Mini Ratna Category 1 Defence PSU and a leading warship building company of India, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Border Roads Organisation (BRO) for the fabrication, supply, erection and launching of first-of-its-kind, 27 nos. double-lane Class 70 modular steel bridges in border areas. The two year contract worth Rs. 65 Crore (approx.) was inked by Director General Border Roads Organisation, Lt Gen Rajeev Chaudhary and Cmde PR Hari, IN (Retd.), Officiating Chairman & Managing Director, GRSE, in New Delhi on 15 Mar 22. These bridges have been designed in-house by GRSE & all components have been manufactured with 100% indigenous raw materials, in line with India’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan. Live load testing had been completed successfully on the prototype and connectivity through these bridges shall be an ideal solution for strategic roadway infrastructure development in North & North-East India. The first bridge of this kind, was constructed at Flaghill, Dokalam, Sikkim at an altitude of 11,000 feet under Project Swastik of the BRO, inaugurated by Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh on 28 December 2021. The bridges have a carriageway width of 7.5 meters, permitting plying of two-way traffic in compliance with specifications laid down by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). High tensile steel of Grade E-410 ensures high strength, long life and low temperature applications. The galvanized surface finish ensures easier maintenance and longer service life. Load Class IRC 70R permits movement of both Wheeled/ Tracked Vehicles of up to 100 / 70 MT. The modular concept ensures easier transportation of bridge components to remote areas and faster erection of bridges in a short span of 30 to 45 days. GRSE has delivered more than 5300 Portable Steel Bridges to Indian Army, Border Road Organisation and State Governments & exported to friendly neighbourhood countries including Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka & Myanmar.

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Global Arms Trade Falls Slightly, But Imports to Europe,

tockholm: International transfers of major arms saw a slight drop between 201216 and 2017-21 (-4.6 per cent). Nevertheless, exports by the United States and France increased substantially, as did imports to states in Europe (+19 per cent), East Asia (+20 per cent) and Oceania (+59 per cent). Transfers to the Middle East remained high, while those to Africa and the Americas decreased, according to new data on global arms transfers published March 14 by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).

The biggest growth in arms imports among world regions occurred in Europe. In 2017-21 imports of major arms by European states were 19

Elbit Systems UK to Provide TORCH-X Based Solution to Canadian Defence’s ASCCM Project 114

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per cent higher than in 2012-16 and accounted for 13 per cent of global arms transfers. The largest arms importers in Europe were the

United Kingdom, Norway and the Netherlands. Other European states are also expected to increase their arms imports significantly over the coming decade, having recently placed large orders for major arms, in particular combat aircraft from the USA. Despite armed conflict in eastern Ukraine throughout 2017-21, the country's imports of major arms in the period were very limited. Asia and Oceania remained the largest importing region for major arms, receiving 43 per cent of global transfers in 2017-21, and six states in the region were among the 10 largest importers globally: India, Australia, China, South Korea, Pakistan and Japan. Transfers to the region overall fell slightly (-4.7 per cent), but there was wide variation among different sub regions. Arms imports to South Asia fell by 21 per cent and those to South East Asia fell by 24 per cent between 2012-16 and 2017-21. In the same period, arms imports to Oceania grew by 59 per cent, due

Tel Aviv: The Canadian Department of National Defence has selected Elbit Systems UK to provide a TORCH-X based solution as part of the Airspace Coordination Centre Modernization (ASCCM) Project. The project requires the delivery of a digitized informationbased system for air situational awareness and enhanced airspace coordination and management into headquarters. The solution to be supplied will be provided to the Canadian Military Headquarters for both Land and Joint Command in order to support air missions and joint-task force operations. Under the project, Elbit

Systems UK will supply a jointair version of its TORCH-X based Battle Management Application (BMA) that will provide situational awareness by constantly displaying a local or recognized air picture, thus enabling effective co-ordination of air assets into complex land and joint battlespace. The system will be operated utilizing Elbit Systems’ E-CIXT open architecture framework that will enable connectivity to the Canadian Armed Forces’ legacy applications and tactical datalinks while also allowing future integration of new applications in support of the Canadian Armed Forces digital

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East Asia and Oceania Rise, says SIPRI Report to a 62 per cent increase in Australia's imports, and imports to East Asia rose by 20 per cent. Indian arms imports decreased by 21 per cent between 2012-16 and 2017-21. However, it remained the largest importer globally and India is planning large-scale arms imports in the next few years from several suppliers. Middle Eastern states imported 2.8 per cent more arms in 201721 than they did in 2012-16. This followed an 86 per cent increase in arms imports to the region between 2007-11 and 2012-16. Arms imports by Saudi Arabia—the world's second largest arms importer—increased by 27 per cent between 2012-16 and 2017-21. Qatar's arms imports grew by 227 per cent, propelling it from the 22nd largest arms importer to the 6th largest. In contrast, arms imports by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) shrank by 41 per cent between 2012-16 and 2017-21, taking it from the third largest to the ninth largest arms importer globally. All three of these

states and Kuwait have placed large orders for major arms planned for delivery in the coming years. Arms exports by the USA grew by 14 per cent between 2012-16 and 2017-21, increasing its global share from 32 per cent to 39 per cent. Arms exports by the USA in 2017-21 were more than double (108 per cent more) those of the second largest exporter, Russia. Russia, which accounted for 19 per cent of all exports of major arms in 2017-21, saw its exports shrink by 26 per cent between 201216 and 2017-21. The overall decrease in Russia's arms exports was almost entirely due to a fall in arms deliveries to two recipients: India and Vietnam. However, several large arms deliveries from Russia to India are expected in the coming years. France accounted for 11 per cent of global arms exports in 2017-21, making it the third largest arms exporter. France increased its arms exports by 59 per cent between 201216 and 2017-21. In 2017-21 China was the fourth largest arms exporter and Germany

the fifth largest. Arms exports by China decreased by 31 per cent between 2012-16 and 2017-21, while Germany's arms exports fell by 19 per cent. Italian arms exports represented 3.1 per cent of the global total in 2017-21 and were 16 per cent higher than in 2012-16. Arms exports by the United Kingdom dropped by 41 per cent between 2012-16 and 2017-21. The UK accounted for 2.9 per cent of total arms exports in 2017-21. Between 2012-16 and 2017-21 there were overall decreases in arms imports by states in three world regions: the Americas (-36 per cent), Africa (-34 per cent), and Asia and Oceania (-4.7 per cent). Israeli arms imports increased by 19 per cent between 2012-16 and 2017-21. Egypt's arms imports grew by 73 per cent between 201216 and 2017-21, making it the third largest arms importer globally. In 2017-21 the five largest arms importers in sub-Saharan Africa were Angola, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Mali and Botswana.

transformation plan. According to Elbit systems, Torch-X Air enables commanders to plan, evaluate and conduct strategic and operational plans and missions and creates an integrated Aerial Common Operational Picture (ACOP). The system creates a unified situation picture for all aircraft participants based on the different sensors integrated into the system (e.g. EO/IR imagery sensors, RADAR, SIGINT, COMINT, and other applicable sensors) and from other sources and external systems, supporting decision making as well as real-time operation while optimizing resource usage and

improving force agility, effectiveness and overall mission accomplishment. The situational awareness system is designed to support the operational process through all stages including: • Local Air Picture (LAP) • Recognized Air Picture compilation and sharing • Tactical airspace monitoring and coordination • Mission planning • Mission execution • Post mission analysis The system’s overall architecture is a flexible and modular composition of the sensor interfaces and the communication, hardware and software elements. Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

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Ministry of Defence Signs Contract with Larsen & Toubro Ltd for Acquisition of Two Multi-Purpose Vessels for Indian Navy

ew Delhi: Ministry of Defence signed a contract on March 25, with Larsen & Toubro Ltd. for acquisition of Two MultiPurpose Vessels (MPVs) for Indian Navy at an overall cost of Rs. 887 Crore under “Buy-Indian” Category. The contract was signed in the presence of VAdm SN Ghormade, Vice Chief of the Naval Staff and Shri Pankaj Agarwal, Additional Secretary & Director General Acquisition. Delivery of vessels is scheduled to commence from May 2025. MPVs will be the first of its kind platform, constructed to provide a costeffective solution to meet a variety of requirements of Indian Navy. These vessels, to be built by L&T Shipyard at Kattupally (Chennai), will perform multi-

role support functions such as maritime surveillance & patrol, launching/ recovery of torpedoes and operation of various types of aerial, surface and underwater targets for Gunnery/ ASW firing exercises. These vessels would also be capable of towing ships and rendering Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR) support with limited hospital ship capability. They will also act as trial platform for naval weapons and sensors under development, support platform for ISV & salvage operations, and to provide logistics support for our island territories. This contract will further boost and encourage active participation of Indian Shipbuilding Industry in consonance with the “AatmanirbharBharat” initiatives of the Government of India. With majority of

the equipment and system sourced from indigenous manufacturers, these vessels will be a proud flag bearer of “Make in India, Make for the World” initiatives of Ministry of Defence.

Adani, L&T Show Interest in Building Satellite Launchers

ew Delhi: The government said Adani Enterprises Limited and L&T are part of two consortia led by State-run enterprises that have evinced interest in building the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), the ISRO's warhorse rocket to put satellites in orbit, Parliament was told. Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Office, Jitendra Singh said in a bid to encourage private sector participation in the space sector, New Space India Limited (NSIL), a company under the Department of Space, had invited proposals from the Indian industry to build five PSLVs. He said two consortia, one comprising Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Larsen & Toubro, and another involving Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Adani Enterprises Limited (AEL) and Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML), have submitted techno-commercial proposals for building PSLV. State-run Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited too has submitted a techno-commercial 116

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proposal for end-to-end realisation of PSLV, he told the Rajya Sabha. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) had been working closely with the industry in building launch vehicles, satellites and other components, but it was for the first time in 2020 that the government opened up the sector for private participation for the entire spectrum of space operations, including planetary exploration missions. The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) acts as the agency to promote, handhold and authorise private sector activities in the sector, besides enabling sharing of technical facilities and expertise from ISRO. NSIL has the mandate to scale up private participation in the space programme and also own and operate capital-intensive

assets such as satellites and launch vehicles. Singh said since 2020, IN-SPACe has received 48 applications from private players for undertaking space activities and these are being processed for further action. Out of these, the applications with respect to authorizing the space activities to non-government private entities are 16, sharing of technology and facilities of Department of Space to NGPEs are 23 and Consultancy and Promotion are 9, he said in a written response.

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BAE Systems Receives $34.9 Million Contract from US Marine Corps for an Amphibious Combat Vehicle Recovery Variant

TAFFORD, Va. BAE Systems has received a $34.9 million contract from the US Marine Corps for the design and development of an Amphibious Combat Vehicle Recovery (ACV-R) variant. The ACV-R will replace the legacy Assault Amphibious Vehicle recovery variant (AAVR7A1), and will provide direct field support, maintenance, and recovery to the ACV family of vehicles. This contract is for the first phase of the program, which focuses on the design and development of the ACV-R during a 20-month period. The second phase of the program will include delivery of production test vehicles for user evaluation. The ACV program is in full rate production with BAE Systems, and the company is under contract to deliver two other variants in the ACV family of vehicles: the ACV personnel variant (ACV-P) and the ACV command variant (ACV-C). The company has also received a design and development contract for a 30mm cannon variant (ACV-30). Additionally, BAE Systems has received task instructions from the Marine Corps to complete a study of incorporating advanced reconnaissance, command, control, communication and computers/unmanned aerial systems mission payload into an ACV variant. ACV production and support is taking place at BAE Systems locations in: Stafford, Va.; San Jose, Calif.; Sterling Heights, Mich.; Aiken, S.C.; and, York, Pa.

RAFAEL Conducts First Ever Live Demonstration of its ABS System & Presents the Air Defence Optimiser at IT²EC

el Aviv: Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. participating at the IT²EC Exhibition (April 26-28, 2022) in London unveiled in a first and conducted a first-ever live demonstration of its sophisticated ABS System – a Live Virtual Constructive (LVC) solution. In addition, RAFAEL presented its advanced air defence training and simulation tools, most notably the Air Defence Optimizer (ADO). Both the ABS System and the ADO have a long-standing operational legacy. As a multi-domain LVC solution RAFAEL's ABS creates a comprehensive scenario at all levels of operation. The ABS integrates and links together all elements of the given scenario from a command and control headquarters straight to the live soldier. It also allows for jointlevel and multi-national exercises which connect all military branches: army, air force, navy, intelligence and Special Forces. RAFAEL's LVC solution provides the ability to truly exercise a real-life scenario from every possible dimension and includes a highly capable constructive system. RAFAEL's ABS is supported by an advanced doctrine engine which allows automation of real-time doctrines and Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) on every level of the military echelon. The doctrine engine integration allows for a range of operational behaviours to be simulated from that of the individual soldier to the brigade level. The ABS capabilities are all operational and working 24/7 during exercises. The Air Defence Optimizer (ADO) provides mission planning and rehearsal capabilities, assisting decision makers during real-time operations and enabling them to train using "what-if?" scenarios. The ADO is combat-proven and enhances multi-layered air defence capabilities by providing AI-based optimization of air defence array deployments and indepth analysis tools based on high-fidelity simulations. The ADO utilizes AI algorithms and high-fidelity simulations to provide the modern air defender' with tools to make accurate and effective decisions. Other solutions that were demonstrated included extended reality and game-based simulations as well as integrated weapon-system trainers that assist in creating well-trained air defenders that can operate, maintain, plan and make real-time decisions while ensuring that systems remain operationally available.

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news ROUND UP Infosys and Rolls-Royce extend strategic collaboration with launch of joint ‘Aerospace Engineering and Digital Innovation Centre’ in India Bengaluru. Infosys a global leader in next-generation digital services and consulting, and Rolls-Royce, one of the world’s leading industrial technology companies, today inaugurated their joint ‘Aerospace Engineering and Digital Innovation Centre’ in Bengaluru, India. This centre has been established to provide high-end research and development (R&D) services integrated with advanced digital capabilities to Rolls-Royce’s engineering and group business services from India. Infosys and Rolls-Royce’s collaboration has been reinforced through strategic deals, aimed at yielding mutual benefits to both organisations over the next seven years. As part of this collaboration, Infosys and Rolls-Royce will combine their aerospace, engineering and digital services capabilities to explore opportunities for driving digital and engineering innovation and associated cost optimisation strategies. By expanding the local talent pool in the country, the two companies will also deliver manufacturing engineering services for the global civil aerospace ecosystem. Over the last decade, Rolls-Royce established a multidisciplinary engineering centre in Bengaluru as part of its efforts to boost engineering and R&D services in India. In December 2020, Infosys and Rolls-Royce announced a collaboration for sourcing engineering and R&D services for Rolls-Royce’s Civil Aerospace business, whereby Rolls-Royce transitioned a significant part of its engineering centre capabilities to Infosys. Infosys will continue to harness its experience, expertise, and investments in the domain to strengthen its existing capabilities and deliver enhanced end-to-end solutions while optimising operational costs for its customers.

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Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez Presides the Cutting of the First Steel Plate of F-110 Class Frigate for Spanish Navy

Ferrol (A Coruña): Navantia has started the construction process of the new F-110 class frigate for Spanish Navy, with the cutting of the first steel plate in an event presided by Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez. The programme, whose implementation order was signed in 2019, foresees the construction of five frigates, valued at 4,320 million euros. The F-110 will be commissioned in 2027 and deliveries will take place yearly. The cutting of the first steel plate has taken place the April 6 in Navantia’s shipyard in Ferrol (A Coruña, Spain), where all five F-110 class frigates will be built. The event was also attended by Spanish Vice Prime Minister for Labor and Social Economy, Yolanda Díaz; Finance Minister María Jesús Montero, along with Navantia’s Chairman, Ricardo Domínguez; VP for Shipbuilding, Agustín Álvarez; VP for Systems and Services, Donato Martínez, and Ferrol shipyard's director, Eduardo Dobarro, among other authorities. The F-110 frigates for the Spanish Navy are multi-purpose escort ships, with antiaircraft, anti-surface, and anti-submarine capabilities to perform their force protection and naval power projection duties. They will operate in combination with other units, and they are versatile platforms that can also perform functions related to maritime security and support to civilian authorities. The design of this new frigate includes advanced technological features, such as an integrated mast with different sensor and antenna solutions, a multi-mission space that expands the ship's capabilities in all defence segments and a new, more efficient and silent hybrid propulsion plant, providing the ship with great versatility. The frigates will be equipped with the Spanish combat system, SCOMBA, developed by Navantia Sistemas. The F-110 frigate will be a smart ship, the first Spanish naval programme designed to have a Digital Twin: a virtual replica of the ship that constantly receives information from the vessel, data permanently supplied by a network of sensors distributed throughout the ship, constituting a cyber-physical system that through the use of behavioural models and technologies such as Cloud Computing, Machine Learning and the Internet of Things (IoT) allows to support its maintenance and operation even thousands of miles away through the Digital Twin deployed ashore. The Digital Twin is complemented by an Integrated Services System (ISS), an R&D developed with the Universities of Vigo and Coruña, which will provide the ship with integrated sensors in its light points, substantially reducing its wiring. The F110 will also have 3D printers on board for the manufacture of spare parts.

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GA-ASI Selected for Japan Coast Guard RPAS Project

DIEHL Defence and HENSOLDT are enhancing the Performance of their Existing Ground-based Air Defence Systems Taufkirchen/Germany. The system houses Diehl Defence and HENSOLDT have agreed to intensify their cooperation in the field of ground-based air defence. Based on proven joint systems that are currently in production and can be delivered at short notice, the two companies intend to offer top-class products for defence against missile threats. These air defence systems employ the latest technologies, thus offering defensive potential even against new and emerging threats. The companies can thereby make a contribution to addressing the changed threat situation for Germany and in Europe. Diehl Defence and HENSOLDT already work together in the field of ground-based air defence systems. In its medium-range system (IRIS-T SLM), Diehl Defence has integrated the battle management standard software IBMS-FC from Airbus, as well as active and passive radars from HENSOLDT, transferred them to series production and already delivered them to an export customer. The IRIS-T SLM missiles are part of Diehl Defence's IRIS-T product family. IRIS-T SLM can be supplemented by elements of the short-range version IRIS-T SLS, which is already under contract in several European countries and is in operational use in Sweden, in order to also meet the requirements for so-called short-range and very short-range protection (NNbS). For this purpose, Diehl Defence has already presented a further developed variant which is now under contract outside NATO and is in the process of implementation. This provides a product portfolio that is capable of meeting the demands of German air defence. The cooperation between Diehl Defence and HENSOLDT within the framework of IRIS-T SLM involves the multifunctional radar TRML-4D and the optional passive radar Twinvis, in addition to the launcher with missiles and the command center. IRIS-T SLM already provides highly effective protection against enemy aircraft, helicopters, missiles and drones and, unlike alternatively discussed solutions, meets all range and performance requirements. Based on their cooperation in a joint export program, Diehl Defence and HENSOLDT are now deepening their cooperation, taking into account the threat situation in Germany. Joint projects for other customers of Diehl Defence with further partners in other countries remain unaffected. In view of threats from missiles and rockets, new air defence systems will be needed in the future to protect the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany within the framework of NATO's integrated air defence. This requires the equipment with ground-based air defence systems, whose interceptor missiles have a range of 40 km and can engage targets up to an altitude of 20 km. In addition, 360° all-round protection shall be achieved, which will also take into account attacks with cruise missiles. Full interoperability with the existing NATO-integrated air defence architecture is also equally essential. A performance upgrade of the existing IRIS-T SLM system in the form of IRIS-T SLX is under development at Diehl Defence and HENSOLDT to supplement the existing air defence system by providing greater range (up to 80 km) and altitude coverage (up to 30 km) against airborne targets to improve response and warning times.

SAN DIEGO. General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc, the global leader in Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), is pleased to be selected to support the Japan Coast Guard’s (JCG) RPAS Project. Operations will feature GA-ASI’s MQ-9B SeaGuardian® and begin in October 2022. SeaGuardian will be used to conduct wide-area maritime surveillance to support JCG’s missions, which include search and rescue, disaster response, and maritime law enforcement. This project follows a series of successful JCG flight trials in 2020 that used SeaGuardian to validate the same JCG missions in accordance with Japan’s “Policy on Strengthening the Maritime Security Systems,” using unmanned aerial vehicles to perform maritime wide-area surveillance. SeaGuardian features a multi-mode maritime surface-search radar with an Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imaging mode, an Automatic Identification System (AIS) receiver, and High-Definition – Full-Motion Video sensor equipped with optical and infrared cameras. This sensor suite enables real-time detection and identification of surface vessels over thousands of square nautical miles and provides automatic tracking of maritime targets and correlation of AIS transmitters with radar tracks. SkyGuardian® and SeaGuardian® are revolutionizing the long-endurance RPAS market by providing all-weather capability and full compliance with STANAG-4671 (NATO UAS airworthiness standard). This feature, along with our operationally proven, collision-avoidance radar, enables flexible operations in civil airspace. Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

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news ROUND UP

Successful High Altitude Test of Loitering Munition Developed by Solar Industries

ew Delhi: In keeping with its commitment to contribute in Atmanirbharta in Defence, Economics Explosives Ltd (EEL), a 100 % subsidiary of Solar Industries India Ltd, has achieved another milestone in developing “Loitering Munitions” and successfully testing it in high altitude conditions in Ladakh in association with Z Motion Autonomous System Pvt Ltd, Bangalore. All 3 newly developed Loitering Munitions (LM0, LM1 and Hexacopter) have successfully been tested in Nubra Valley area of Ladakh last month during March 21-23, 2022. While LM0 and LM1 achieved full endurance of 60 minutes, the hexa-copter did 30 mins flight, making it for the first time in the world that the Man Portable Loiter Munitions with 4 Kg warhead have successfully tested at flight ceiling of 4500 m, thanks to the facilitation by Army Design Bureau. For development of these high technology end systems Solar has been working closely with Z Motion Autonomous System Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore having expertise in the design and development of drones, UAVs, control and communication systems etc. In a strategic decision Solar has announced an acquisition of 45% equity stake for an undisclosed consideration in Z Motion Autonomous System Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore. This investment will strengthen the Solar’s initiative of developing weaponized Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for offensive and Counter Drone systems for defensive role. All these products are having more than 80% indigenous contents and will meet global quality and safety standards. Moreover, these indigenous products will be economical by 40% compared to import which is the only option available as on date. Battlefield is changing very rapidly with more technologically advanced and innovative systems being inducted by armed forces worldwide. Drones and UAVs based surveillance and loiter munitions have given new dimensions to warfare. To meet the aspiration of our armed forces Solar has diversified into the design and development of weaponised drones and UAVs as the strategic ammunition delivery systems. The systems under development includes Drone based Gravity Drop Bombs, Loiter Munitions, Missiles on Drones etc., which can carry a variety of explosive warheads to neutralize soft skinned targets in open, tanks & combat vehicles, civil fortifications, etc. In addition to this, Solar Industries is also developing Counter Drone Systems for engaging swarm of hostile drones through kinetic kill using killer drones and micro-missiles.

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HAL, BEL to Jointly Develop Indigenous Search and Track System-IRST for Su-30 MKI, Sign Contract Bengaluru: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) signed a contract with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) for co-development and co-production of long range dual band Infra-Red Search and Track System (IRST) for Sukhoi Su-30 MKI fighter jets on April 26. The contract was signed by Suneel Kumar Srivastava, GM, HAL and Loyola Pedro Vianney G, GM, BEL. The two defence PSUs will co-develop the Long Range Dual Band Infra-Red Search and Track System (IRST) for the Su-30 MKI under the MAKE-II procedure. Projects under the ‘Make-II’ category will involve prototype development of equipment/ system/platform or their upgrades or their subsystems/ sub-assembly/ assemblies/components. No government funding is provided for prototype development purposes. The system will enhance the Indian Air Force’s air superiority. The joining of hands of the two defence PSUs for development of technologicallycritical IRST gives impetus to self-reliance in the defence sector. This initiative also opens a future path in the field of indigenous defence manufacturing for development of high-end strategic technology products of IRST for various platforms in a global competitive environment, HAL added.

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BIRD Aerosystems Gets Another Order for King-Air 350 Special Mission Maritime Patrol Aircraft

el Aviv: Israeli company BIRD Aerosystems has received another order for a King-Air 350 Special Mission Maritime Patrol Aircraft from an undisclosed customer. Under the contract, BIRD will purchase the aircraft and transfer it to a Maritime Patrol Aircraft using its renowned ASIO solution.

According to the company, BIRD's ASIO Special Mission Aircraft is an end-to-end airborne Information, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) solution ideal for maritime and ground surveillance, search and rescue, patrol and monitoring. ASIO offers decision-makers and field commanders accurate, real-time terrestrial and maritime information that dramatically enhances situational awareness. A true force multiplier, ASIO enables even small crews to deliver detailed and comprehensive surveillance information covering large geographic areas. The Israeli company says that the ASIO maritime solution provides customers with an integrated Aerial-NavalLand solution. It facilitates maritime

and coastal surveillance, patrol and survey of borders and strategic assets, and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) monitoring capabilities. Leveraging BIRD's advanced mission management system (MSIS), information gathered from the various sensors is autonomously

prioritized and automatic suspicious activities are in real-time to the ASIO Patrol Aircraft enabling an airborne mission.

alarms of provided Maritime optimized

The ASIO aircraft provides all the participants in the mission operation with an effective, integrated, real-time situational awareness overview over land and water, enabling efficient detection, tracking and interception of any suspicious activity.

Steadicopter and Smart Shooter Unveil the First-ever Unmanned Helicopter with Precise Hit Capabilities - Golden Eagle

Tel Aviv: Two Israeli companies have joined forces to offer the defence market a rotary unmanned UAV equipped with an automatic weapon. Steadicopter and Smart Shooter, have unveiled the Golden Eagle - the first-ever unmanned helicopter with precise hit capabilities. Based on the combat-proven Black Eagle 50E platform, the Golden Eagle incorporates AI-based technology and Smart Shooter’s SMASH Dragon system. The AI-based technology enables superior situational awareness and autonomous multi-target classification and tracking. The SMASH Dragon, a remotely-operated robotic weaponry payload, locks on the target, tracks it and ensures precise target hit. The companies say that SMASH Dragon integrates a unique stabilization concept with proprietary target acquisition, tracking algorithms and sophisticated computer vision capabilities that allow accurate hitting of static and moving targets while mounted onto the Golden Eagle. The system can employ various types of assault rifles, sniper rifles, 40mm and other munitions with great precision. Through advanced data processing, the AI system autonomously identifies and distinguishes between different types of targets, such as person or vehicle, whether they are in motion or stationery, and whether they have previously been present in the field. Lightweight and thereby enabling long mission endurance, extremely cost-effective, simple to operate, and easy to maintain, the Golden Eagle has vertical take-off and landing capability for successful mission completion.

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in news Two EDGE Entities Sign Deal to Design Custom Power Distribution Units for Armoured Vehicles

Airbus Selects Avio Aero Engine Solution for Eurodrone Getafe. Following a competitive tender process as well as an extensive technical analysis phase, Airbus has selected Avio Aero from Italy to power the Eurodrone unmanned aerial system with its engine and propeller solution, dubbed Catalyst. The Catalyst is an engine proven in flight, entirely developed and manufactured in Europe. As well as the Eurodrone programme, this engine has been conceived as 100% ITAR-free (International Traffic in Arms Regulation), thus enabling independence on export chances and avoiding additional requirements prior export clearance. As part of its responsibilities as main subcontractor for this major collaborative European programme, Airbus Defence and Space is responsible for the selection of the engine supplier. Key aspects in the selection of Eurodrone suppliers are competitiveness, performance, the ability to meet the demanding delivery schedule and the capacity to meet the in-service demand.

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Abu Dhabi-UAE. EDGE Group entity, AL TAIF, the UAE’s leading provider of maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) services for military equipment, today announced that it has signed a contract to develop 413 enhanced power distribution units (PDU) for NIMR and install them into their vehicles. Designed to distribute power from a military vehicle’s auxiliary battery to various electrical systems, the PDUs are manufactured in-house by the company’s skilled Emirati engineers and are tailored to meet customer specifications. To ensure short lead times, AL TAIF established a dedicated assembly line for their rapid production, delivery and installation. Al TAIF provides essential lifecycle services and technical capability development to guarantee the ultimate asset performance and mission readiness for its customers. Its nine state-of-the-art workshops are geographically distributed to offer seamless convenience and flexibility, while a mobile unit can quickly and efficiently address all types of MRO needs. AL TAIF is part of the Platforms & Systems cluster within EDGE, an advanced technology group which ranks among the top 25 military suppliers in the world.

Strike Capability of BRAHMOS Missile’s Advanced Version Successfully Validated: Indian Navy New Delhi: The long range precision strike capability of advanced version of BRAHMOS missile was successfully validated on March 5. The missile hit the target with pin-point accuracy and demonstrated combat and mission readiness of Navy’s frontline platforms. “Long range precision strike capability of advanced version of BRAHMOS missile successfully validated. Pin point destruction of target demonstrated combat and mission readiness of frontline platforms. Yet another shot in the arm for Aatmanirbhar Bharat,” the Navy tweeted. The Navy conducts regular tests of the BRAHMOS, a supersonic cruise missile manufactured by an Indo-Russian joint venture and one of the world’s most lethal cruise missiles. In November 2020, a land-attack version of the BRAHMOS supersonic cruise missile was successfully tested from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

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Bharat Forge Subsidiary KSSL Incorporates JV Company SMTL with Kyrgyzstan OJS Dastan New Delhi: Kalyani Strategic Systems Limited (“KSSL”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Bharat Forge Limited (“the Company”) has incorporated a Company “Sagar-Manas Technologies Limited” (SMTL) in pursuant to a Joint Venture Agreement executed between KSSL and Kyrgyzstan Open Joint Stock Company Dastan Transnational Corporation Ltd (Dastan) with an aim to participate in joint upgradation and manufacturing and providing solutions for marine and defence products which will be undertaken through SMTL as a special purpose vehicle. Dastan is a leading multipurpose

enterprise engaged in the development, manufacturing, and sale of defence equipment, electronic devices, and medical

centrifuges. Upon completion of conditions as envisaged in the Agreement, Dastan will acquire 49% of stake in SMTL. Consequently, KSSL will hold 51 %. These details are required under SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) regulations. KSSL has promoted and incorporated SMTL to undertake design, development, manufacturing, assembly, testing, integration, trading, marketing, sales, providing services, spares support, after sales support, R&D for various marine and defence products and solutions.

HENSOLDT Supplies Complete Reconnaissance Mission EDGE Group’s NIMR Inks Manufacturing License Agreement with SAMI System for Aerial Training and ISR Services Immenstaad/Germany. Sensor solutions provider HENSOLDT has received an order from aerial services specialist QinetiQ GmbH, Mönchengladbach, to supply two complete systems for electro-optical reconnaissance. The reconnaissance system consists of the ARGOS-II HD electro-optical infrared system (EO/IR) and the EuroNAV control and evaluation software. These core elements will be pre-integrated by HENSOLDT and scaffolded by QinetiQ for ISR Services and training of national and international JTAC customers and operators with the DA62MPP aircraft manufactured by Diamond Aircrafts Industries, Austria. The mission system with the product name MissionGrid can be used on fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles. In addition to air and naval forces, it is used for border protection, search and rescue, maritime patrol, law enforcement and asset protection. The German Federal Police use it to combat smuggling, illicit trafficking and border security operations. The reconnaissance system covers a range of up to 40 km and can detect ships as well as small inflatable boats or individual swimmers’ day and night as well as in bad weather. A thermal imaging camera records the images and transmits video and data in real time to base stations on the ground. The MissionGrid mission system can also be easily and modularly supplemented with the PrecISR reconnaissance radar, as well as the HENSOLDT self-protection equipment AMPS. A virtual training facility also allows users on the installation to be trained “remotely” on the mission system via a secure internet connection.

Abu Dhabi-UAE. NIMR, the leading manufacturer of combatproven wheeled military vehicles, today signed a manufacturing license agreement with Saudi Arabian Military Industries (SAMI), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Public Investment Fund, to transfer technology and boost SAMI’s domestic industrial capabilities, enabling the production of the combat proven JAIS 4x4 vehicle in Saudi Arabia. Following the signing of the teaming agreement during IDEX 2021, His Excellency Staff Major General Pilot Faris Khalaf Al Mazrouei, Chairman of the NIMR Board and Eng.Walid Abukhaled, CEO of SAMI, signed into the next phase of their partnership at the World Defense Show 2022 held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Designed to enable local manufacture of the JAIS vehicle, the defence procurement programme between the two countries testifies the sides’ utmost commitment to diversifying their economies, developing local talent, and establishing high-technology industries. JAIS 4x4 is the next generation of mine resistant, ambush protected (MRAP) vehicles, providing critical balance between firepower, survivability, and mobility for modern, conventional, and asymmetric operations. Crew survivability depends on a ‘crew citadel’ protection system that has demonstrated proven capabilities against mines, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and ballistic threats. EDGE is an advanced technology group for defence and beyond that ranks among the top 25 military suppliers in the world. Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

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in news Motherson Wins Its First Order from Boeing Noida / Delhi NCR. Motherson announced that it has won an order from Boeing to manufacture and supply aftermarket molded polymer parts for commercial airplane interiors. This is the first order for Motherson from Boeing. The order will commence from Q3 FY23 and will be produced in a Motherson plant situated in Noida, located in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. Motherson is scaling its capabilities to provide integrated solutions to the aerospace industry. With capabilities in aerospace ecosystem such as materials, aerostructures, wiring harnesses and global manufacturing footprint, Motherson has the necessary knowhow to support the upcoming ramp-up of production for major global aircraft manufacturers. This is in line with our growth strategy to strengthen nonautomotive business as announced during our five-year plan, Vision 2025.

HAL to Venture into Multi Mission Tanker Transport Conversion Business, Signs MoU with Israel Aerospace Industries

BEL, Army Design Bureau sign MoU for co-operation in development of AI solutions for Indian Army Bengaluru/New Delhi. Navratna Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) today signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Army Design Bureau of Indian Army for collaboration in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Defence applications. The MoU was signed by Major General K V Jauhar, VSM, Additional Director General (ADG), Army Design Bureau (ADB), Indian Army, and Mr M V Raja Sekhar, Director (R&D), BEL, in the presence of senior officers of Indian Army and BEL. The MoU seeks to bring together the Indian Army, ADB and BEL under one roof to jointly carry out research activities for the development of innovative AI solutions for the Indian Army. BEL and ADB will co-develop AI based projects for the Indian Army. The MoU will be executed in a collaborative manner through a nodal organisation named Artificial Intelligence Incubation Hub (AIIH). The AIIH will be co-chaired by the ADG, ADB, and Director (R&D), BEL, with members from the Indian Army and BEL. The MoU also has the provision to co-opt representatives of academia and industry/ start-ups. 124

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New Delhi: In a move to provide India’s defence ecosystem with new capabilities and cost effective solutions in the market, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited has entered into a MoU with Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) to convert Civil (Passenger) aircraft to Multi Mission Tanker Transport (MMTT) aircraft in India. HAL in a statement on April 6 said that under the pact, the company will convert preowned Civil (Passenger) aircraft into air refuelling aircraft with cargo and transport capabilities. According to the statement, the MoU will facilitate HAL and IAI’s decades’ long expertise in developing, manufacturing and producing leading defence platforms. The scope of MoU also covers “passenger to freighter aircraft” conversion along with MMTT conversions.

First Batch of Indian Navy’s MH 60R Aircrew Completes Training

New Delhi: Indian Navy’s first batch of MH 60R ‘Romeo’ aircrew successfully completed their training at Naval Air Station, North Island, San Diego, USA on April 1, 2022. The 10-month long course included conversion training and other advanced qualifications on MH 60R helicopter. The crew flew extensively from Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron – 41 (HSM 41) and achieved day and night deck landing qualification onboard a US Navy Destroyer. The crew would be responsible for inducting the versatile ‘Romeo’ into Indian Navy. The MH 60R helicopters will provide the Indian Navy enhanced offensive role including Anti-submarine Warfare, Anti-ship Strike, specialised maritime operations as well as Search and Rescue operations. 24 MH 60R helicopters were procured under a Government-to-Government FMS deal.

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Schiebel Wins Prestigious Follow-on Contract with Royal Thai Navy

RNLAF to Begin MQ-9 Operations in Curacao SAN DIEGO. The Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) has taken delivery of three MQ-9A Block 5 Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) and two Mobile Ground Control Stations from General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. The RNLAF will begin operating the MQ-9s later this month out of Curacao to provide long-range, persistent surveillance to support missions protecting the Netherland’s national interests. The delivery of the first three of four MQ-9As, their Ground Control Stations (GCS), and support equipment is part of a USAF Foreign Military Sale to the RNLAF. MQ-9A Block 5 has endurance of over 27 hours, speeds of 240 KTAS and can operate up to 50,000 feet. It has a 3,850-pound (1,746-kilogram) payload capacity that includes 3,000 pounds (1,361 kilograms) of external stores. It provides a long-endurance, persistent surveillance capability with Full-Motion Video and Synthetic Aperture Radar/Moving Target Indicator/Maritime Radar. An extremely reliable aircraft, MQ-9A Block 5 is equipped with a fault-tolerant flight control system and triple redundant avionics system architecture. It is engineered to meet and exceed manned aircraft reliability standards.

Vienna. Schiebel wins another contract in Thailand to supply additional CAMCOPTER® S-100 systems to the Royal Thai Navy (RTN). UAS market leader Schiebel has been awarded its second contract in just three years by the Royal Thai Navy, signed with Lt. General Apichai Sompolkrang, Director of the Naval Acquisition Management Office in Bangkok. RTN Programme Director, Captain Anurat Siriwong, witnessed the contract signature. The contract will be completed before the end of 2022 and the RTN will deploy the CAMCOPTER® S-100 systems for land and sea based Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) operations. Schiebel won its first contract with the RTN in 2019 and those helicopters are fully operational in Thailand.

Saab Receives Order for Gripen C/D Upgrade

Saab has received an order from the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) to ensure the continued operation of JAS 39 Gripen C/D and to provide capability enhancements to preserve the operational relevance of the fighter aircraft. The order value is SEK 500 million. Gripen C/D is the system that will be used for many years to come in Sweden and in other countries that have purchased Gripen. The development is also done to further ensure a cost-effective solution regarding construction, design and procurement. The purpose of the order is to start implementation of the upgrade to fulfil the Swedish Armed Forces’ need to maintain the continued high capability and availability of Gripen C/D up to 2035.

DPSUs in the Fray for Setting up Semiconductor Fab Plant New Delhi. In keeping with the government’s policy of becoming self-dependent, two defence public sector units have entered the fray to jointly set up a semiconductor fab plant in India for strategic projects in military and space sectors. The two PSUs, which are the main producers as well as consumers of electronics for the armed forces, seek to take advantage of the production-linked-incentive (PLI) scheme of the central government. They have tied up with Next Orbit Ventures and propose to set up a plant in Gujarat’s Dholera if the application is accepted by the government. Sources said the decision to go in for a joint bid was taken as the PSUs would be able to reduce dependency on foreign suppliers for the building blocks of all electronics and would be able to innovate cutting edge products domestically. It would also enable the PSUs to design custom chips domestically for strategic systems like missiles and combat aircraft. Next Orbit Ventures did not comment on the matter citing the application process was still underway. Sources said the technology partner is Israeli Tower Semiconductor that has recently been acquired by Intel. According to an official, the foreign partner has committed to procuring a large chunk of the fab units output itself.

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in news Leonardo to Sell Satellite Communications Business GES to SES for $450 Million

South Korea Plans to Purchase Sikorsky’s 12 MH-60R AntiSubmarine Warfare Helicopters Seoul. South Korea plans to buy 12 Sikorsky MH-60R Seahawk anti-submarine warfare helicopters, the country’s defence procurement agency announced on December 15. The contract, valued at about US$878 million, is expected to be signed by the end of this year, according to the Defence Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA), an executive branch of South Korean government under the Ministry of National Defense to administer improvement projects of defense capability, the procurement of munitions, and the fostering of defense industries. The 19.76-meter-long and 5.1-meter-high chopper with a maximum cruising speed of 267 kph can handle multiple missions, including operations of warfare, search and rescue, and medical evacuation. The US Navy is the main operator of the “Romeo” maritime helicopter, with 289 units in its fleet. South Korea has been added to the list of Romeo operating countries that includes India, Saudi Arabia, Denmark, Australia and Greece.

Goa Shipyard-built ICGS Sujeet, Second in the Series of Five OPV, Commissioned Vasco da Gama. Indian Coast Guard (ICG) ship ‘Sujeet’, the second in the series of five Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) built by Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL), was commissioned in Goa on December 15. ICG said that this vessel has been made in line with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of ‘Make in India’. 126

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Milan: In a move to optimize its portfolio and focus on core business, Italian defence group Leonardo said its US unit DRS had agreed to sell its satellite communications business GES to SES for $450 million, gross of taxes, media reports said. The reports said the deal is likely to be closed by the second half of 2022, Leonardo said in a statement, confirming its net debt guidance for this year at around 3.1 billion euros ($3.40 billion). GES is the largest provider of commercial satellite communications to the US government and also supplies satellite communications and security solutions to customers across the world, Leonardo said.

Boeing and Airbus Helicopters sign strategic H-47 Chinook partnership to support Germany’s STH requirements Philadelphia, Boeing and Airbus Helicopters today signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to partner on the H-47 Chinook in support of Germany’s Schwerer Transporthubschrauber (STH) heavy-lift helicopter requirements. The new partnership between Boeing and Airbus aims at bolstering German defense readiness while supporting German industry and economic growth. The partnership will draw on the strengths and combined expertise of the world’s leading aerospace companies to deliver advanced capability, readiness and innovative solutions as part of the German Chinook industry offering. The partnership agreement builds on the existing Chinook partnership team consisting of AERO-Bildung GmbH, CAE Elektronik GmbH, ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH, Lufthansa Technik, Honeywell Aerospace and Rolls-Royce Deutschland. Boeing is committed to working with German industry on aircraft sustainment, including post-delivery modifications and installations, aircraft maintenance, supply chain services, training and logistical support, as well as the potential for subsystems Maintenance Repair and Overhaul work. As chosen by eight NATO nations – Netherlands, Italy, Greece, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, Canada and the United States of America – the Chinook has proven its unique capabilities and mission readiness in several theatres and has delivered on many other mission requirements, including Air-toAir refueling, Medevac, troop transport, search and rescue and humanitarian and disaster relief, and special operations. Chinook Air-to-Air refueling operations have spanned the globe and the number of tanker hook ups, behind a variety of tanker aircraft is estimated to be in the 10.000’s.

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Trans-Atlantic team to develop technical concept for NATO’s Future Surveillance and Control capabilities Munich / Falls Church, Va. Airbus Defence and Space together with Northrop Grumman Corporation and seven industrial players forming the ASPAARO (Atlantic Strategic Partnership for Advanced All-domain Resilient Operations) team have been selected by the NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA) to conduct one of three Risk Reduction and Feasibility Studies (RRFS). The studies aim to suggest technical solutions for the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC). In November 2021, Airbus with subcontractors Northrop Grumman, BAE Systems (UK), Exence (Poland), GMV (Spain), IBM (US), KONGSBERG (Norway), Lockheed Martin (US) and MDA (Canada) submitted a proposal to NSPA outlining how this transatlantic team would address the complexities of NATO’s future capability requirements. The selection of the ASPAARO team as a study partner represents an important step toward providing NATO with unmatched tactical surveillance, command and control capabilities to overcome the challenges of the future and replace the current Airborne Warning and Control System fleet which will reach the end of its service life around 2035. Over the next months the ASPAARO team will perform a thorough assessment of a fully distributed surveillance model; refine details; assess related feasibility, risks and costs; and provide a recommended technical solution with proven technologies, open standards and interfaces for the multi-domain capabilities AFSC shall provide. The outcome of the three studies will help NATO and individual allies make informed decisions on the final AFSC technical concept and acquisition of surveillance systems.

BEL signs contracts worth Rs. 3,102 Cr with MoD Major Boost for IAF’s EW capabilities, Atmanirbhar Bharat Bengaluru/New Delhi. The Ministry of Defence (MoD), Government of India, on Tuesday, March 29, 2022, signed two contracts worth totally Rs. 3,102 Crores with the Bengaluru and Hyderabad Units of Navratna Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), at New Delhi. The MoD and BEL-Bengaluru concluded a contract for supply of Advanced Electronic Warfare (EW) suite for fighter aircraft of the Indian Air Force. The overall cost of the contract is estimated to be Rs. 1,993 Crores. The supply of advanced EW systems will significantly enhance the battle-survivability of IAF fighter aircraft while undertaking operational missions against adversaries’ ground-based as well as airborne fire control and surveillance radars. The EW suite has been indigenously designed and developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). The MoD also signed a contract with BELHyderabad for Instrumented Electronic Warfare Range (IEWR) for the Indian Air Force. The contract is a significant step towards enhancing the capabilities of IAF to prepare for future warfare. The overall cost of the contract is estimated to be Rs. 1,109 Crores. The IEWR will be used to test and evaluate airborne Electronic Warfare (EW) equipment and validate their deployment in an operational scenario.

HAL Set to Deliver First Batch of Indigenous LCH

Bengaluru. Defence Public Sector Undertaking Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) will deliver the first batch of three indigenous Light Combat Helicopters (LCHs). The three LCH will be delivered to Indian Army and Indian Air Force before March 31; media reports said quoting defence officials. These helicopters are a part of 15 Limited Series Production (LSP) LCH helicopters approved by the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC). Earlier this month, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) said that contracts for the following are likely to be signed in the first quarter of 2021: LCH from HAL, additional Harop (P-IV) loitering drones from Israel and upgrade of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAV) in service. Apart from this, the Army variant of the Light Utility Helicopter (LUH) is scheduled to receive its Initial Operational Clearance (IOC) at the Aero India. Last September, it completed all tests and also demonstrated its high-altitude capability in hot and high weather conditions. LUH is a three-tonne helicopter positioned as replacement for the Cheetah and Chetak helicopters. It is capable of flying at 220 kmph, service ceiling of 6.5 km and a range of 350 km with 500 kg payload, according to HAL. Raksha Anirveda April - June 2022

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in news Longest Sortie Record Set by IAF’s Chinook, Flies 1910 Km Non-Stop

New Delhi: A new record was created by Indian Air Force by flying Boeing-made Chinook - CH-47F (I), the heavy-lift transport helicopter on April 11. The non-stop, 1,910 km flight from Chandigarh to Assam’s Jorhat was the longest in India. It took seven-and-half hours to complete the distance, reported the

IAF officials. PRO Defence Palam tweeted, ”Chinook is a multi-role, vertical-lift platform, used for transporting men and material. It also plays an important role in Humanitarian and Disaster Relief Operations. Rapid mobility will allow@IAF_MCC to employ this asset optimally as required.”

The helicopter used additional fuel tanks for the mission. The IAF variant of the helicopter does not have mid-air refuelling capability. Chinook helicopters, best suited for operations in the Himalayas region or any hilly areas, help India during disaster relief operations, medical evacuation, search and rescue missions, aircraft recovery, and parachute drops. They are capable of carrying cargo and goods weighing up to 9.6 tonnes. The cargo includes men, artillery guns, and light armoured vehicles. It can also fly with heavy equipment used for the construction of roads over difficult terrain. India placed a $3.1-billion order for 15 Chinooks and 22 Apache attack helicopters to scale up the air force’s capabilities in September 2015,. All the platforms have been inducted. The Chinook helicopters can carry the army’s new M777 ultra-light howitzers as under-slung load for swift deployment in high-altitude areas.

Navy, IAF to Acquire Chaff Tech from DRDO

Key milestone reached for Rolls-Royce Ultrafan

New Delhi: The Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy have tied up with the Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) to get the CHAFF technology, which protects the warship from an anti-ship missile during hostilities. India is now the second country after the United States to develop this ability, a major Aatmanirbhar push in the field of defence. This assumes significance as the Indian navy is currently studying the sinking of Russian missile cruiser Moskva and focusing on how to protect Indian warships from anti-ship ballistic missiles like the Chinese DF-21. CHAFF is a critical defence technology used to protect fighter aircraft or naval ships from enemy radar-guided missile during war. The significance of this technology lies in the fact that very less quantity of CHAFF material deployed in the air acts as a decoy to deflect enemy’s missiles to ensure safety of the fighter aircraft or naval ships. CHAFF creates a metal particle cloud near the warship and deflects the missiles from it. The DRDO has developed this advanced CHAFF technology to defend naval ships and fighter aircrafts against modern day broadband (including high frequency) radar threat. The technology includes all three variants of CHAFF rockets namely Short Range Chaff Rocket (SRCR), Medium Range Chaff Rocket (MRCR) and Long Range Chaff Rocket (LRCR), and have been inducted in the Indian Navy after successful user trials.

Rolls-Royce has reached another key milestone in its UltraFanTM technology demonstrator programme as the world-leading power gearbox (PGB) is dispatched from the company’s site in Dahlewitz, Germany. The power gearbox, which has set a world aerospace power record on test, has been shipped to the UK where the first UltraFan engine demonstrator (UF001) is being assembled. UltraFan offers a step change in gas turbine sustainability, saving 25% fuel compared with the first generation of Rolls-Royce Trent engines. Critical to that performance is the PGB, which has a planetary design and can transmit more power than an entire grid of Formula 1 cars when running at maximum power. On test it has delivered 87,000 horsepower or 64 megawatts – enough to power a medium-sized city. The engine demonstrator – the largest engine in the world with a fan diameter of 140 inches – will go on test in Derby, UK, this year and its first run will be on 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel. UltraFan, which is scalable for narrowbody or widebody aircraft, is a key element of RollsRoyce’s commitment to making aviation more sustainable. Gas turbines will continue to be the bedrock of long-haul aviation for many years, and UltraFan’s efficiency will help improve the economics of an industry transition to more sustainable aviation fuels, which are likely to be more expensive than traditional jet fuel in the short-term.

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DELENG19655/F-2(R-6)Press2018

Vol 4, Issue 17, Apr-Jun 2022

vol. No. 4 l issue 17 April - June 2022

India Maps New Order Pursuing Great Power Aspirations Path from a Position of Strength

India’s Nuclear Gambit Against China

IAF’s Force Structure Strategy

EU and India Facing the Sovereignty Riddle

Delhi has to Abandon its No First-Use Policy and Build a First-strike Capability

India’s Strong Geostrategic Role-Play Must be Rooted in the Indian Industry

India’s Relationship with the EU in General and France in Particular is Full of Promises

Raksha Anirveda Defence magazine, April-June 2022 Issue

Articles inside

in news

news Round Up

Book Review

appointments

anti-iranian drone Coalition to Checkmate increasing Threats from iranian armed Uavs

india-Us defence Relationship is “Trusted One”, Boeing’s investments in india Will Continue to Grow, says heidi Grant, senior Boeing executive

Can israel export Main Battle Tanks and advanced armoured Personnel Carriers to Gulf states?

Chart Your Own Course, india

sss defence delivers indigenous Upgrade kit for ak-47s to indian army

Positive indigenisation Lists: does Formal Ban on imports help?

atmanirbharta: a key Requirement of Future electronic-Centric Warfare

Combating the dragon’s intransigence

Qnu Labs sets up india’s First Quantum Lab

kalvari-class submarine ‘vagsheer’ with scorpene® design Launched

CaMCOPTeR® s-100 Unmanned air system: an all Weather eye in the sky

The Russo-Ukrainian War: Challenges and Opportunities ahead

JMB and neo-JMB: Clear and Present danger