Cc grammar d by RALLY! Education

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

ISBN 978-1-4204-6810-6 R 6810-6 Copyright ©2012 RALLY! EDUCATION. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Printed in the U.S.A. 0911 RALLY! EDUCATION 22 Railroad Avenue Glen Head, NY 11545 (888) 99-RALLY www.RALLYEDUCATION.com © RALLY! EDUCATION. NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE REPRODUCED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

P art A: R eview Punctuation Lessons 1–4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Grammar and Word Usage Lessons 1–7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

P art B: M ultiple -C hoice P ractice Session 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Session 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Session 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

P art C: P ractice for T est S uccess Strand by Strand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 The Elements of a Complete Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Subject-Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Capitalization and Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Combining of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Separation of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL D

Introduction Test Success Series: Grammar, Punctuation & Word Usage prepares students to answer the multiple-choice questions assessing grammar, punctuation, and word usage on tests.

P art A In Part A, you will complete lessons in grammar, punctuation, and word usage. At the end of each set of lessons you will complete a review.

P art B In Part B, you will read passages with embedded errors. Students then answer multiple-choice questions to indicate appropriate corrections.

P art C In Part C, Strand by Strand covers each of the five strands individually. For each strand, students answer five multiple-choice questions testing each skill. The Elements of a Complete Sentence Subject-Verb Agreement Capitalization and Punctuation Combining of Sentences Separation of Sentences All Together covers all of the strands together. Section 2 contains ten questions for each of the strands, but the questions are mixed together. Students answer 50 multiple-choice questions testing all of the five skills. Part C only includes multiple-choice questions. Each question offers four possible answer choices. Students should review the questions and four choices carefully and select the answer they think is best.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

P art A Punctuation Lessons Grammar and Word Usage Lessons

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Periods End most sentences with a period. For example:

The school day will start late because it is still snowing. Many fifth graders earn an allowance for helping around the house.

Use a period to abbreviate titles, months, days of the week, times of day, and units of measure. For example:

Ms.

Mr.

Feb.

Tues. a.m. p.m. tsp.

oz.

Question Marks End a sentence that asks a question with a question mark. For example:

Have you written tonight’s homework in your notebook? Can you tell me what time it is?

Exclamation Points Some sentences show strong feelings or surprise. End these sentences with an exclamation point. For example:

That horror movie was too scary for my little sister! Wow, I didn’t know Miguel was having a party!

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is punctuated correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Where do you go to school? OK 2. The movie begins at 9 pm tonight 3. I can’t believe they went without me. 4. Mrs Thomas made fudge brownies for the bake sale. 5. He was born on Sept 10, 1996. 6. Doctors say you should drink 64 oz. of water every day. 7. “Lilo and Stitch” is my all-time favorite movie? 8. I will be out of town until Mon, November 7, 2005. 9. The cat belongs to our neighbors down the street! 10. My teacher’s name is Mr. Phillips.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Commas – Part I Follow words that are exclamations with a comma. You can add a word to the beginning of a sentence to show a feeling, like surprise. These words are often called an exclamation. For example:

Wow, I was really tired! Yes, I would like to go shopping.

Separate phrases with a comma. Writers sometimes add a group of words before the sentence to make their writing more interesting. These words are known as phrases. For example:

During the storm, we stayed in the car. Before the test, we cleaned our desks and sharpened our pencils.

Use a comma before and after a word or phrase that renames or gives more information about a noun. A noun is a person, place, or thing. For example:

The mayor, Mr. Herman, visited our school. In our city, Chicago, we have one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Use a comma to separate a direct quotation from the person who is speaking. For example:

“I asked you to mop the floor,” Dad said. Elizabeth asked, “Where is the pencil sharpener?”

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

sister, Linda, 1. My older sister Linda goes to college in New York. 2. After the game we all went out for pizza. 3. No, I did not take your science textbook. 4. “Time is up! Put your pencils down” said Mrs. Ross. 5. Wait you forgot your lunch! 6. Lindsay asked “How did the movie end?” 7. Our dance instructor, Ms. Klein, studied in France. 8. Before the show we hung out at Matt’s house. 9. Please let’s get this finished. 10. Our city New York is home to Central Park.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Commas – Part II End the greeting and closing of a letter with a comma. For example:

Dear Uncle Carlos, Please visit us soon. We miss you! Love, Rebecca

Use a comma to separate the date from the year. For example:

February 12, 1999

Use a comma to separate cities from states. For example:

Dallas, Texas

Use a comma to separate cities from countries. For example:

London, England

If there are three or more words in a series, separate each word with a comma. For example:

My brother can drive, walk, or bike to work.

Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives used in a row. Adjectives are words that are used to describe nouns. For example:

The street fair was a colorful, crowded place.

Use a comma and a connecting word to put two sentences together. These sentences are known as compound sentences. You must follow the first sentence with the comma and the connecting word. For example:

I wanted to feed the cat, but I could not find her.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is punctuated correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. To get downtown you can ride a bike, drive a car, or walk. OK 2. The fluffy pink scarf was wrapped around her neck 3. Can you come to my party on April 15 2006? 4. My grandfather lives in Toledo Ohio. 5. Julie wanted to go to the movies but she had to clean her room first. 6. I went for a vacation to Paris France. 7. There are carrots tomatoes and onions in the salad. 8. Outside it was a bright sunny day. 9. Tom plays basketball and he is a good student. 10. The letter was signed, “Love Grandma.”

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Apostrophes Use an apostrophe to form a contraction. A contraction is formed when you put two words together. The contraction takes the place of the missing letters. For example:

has not = hasn’t The apostrophe takes the place of the missing “o.” he will = he’ll The apostrophe takes the place of the missing “w” and “i.”

Add an apostrophe plus an “s” to show possession. Possessive nouns show ownership of a person, place, or thing. For example:

The piano belongs to Marcie. Marcie’s piano is large and brown. The book belongs to Randy. The teacher told me to borrow Randy’s book.

To show that more than one person owns something, put the apostrophe after the letter “s.” For example:

Her sisters’ names were Sherri, Terri, and Mary. The stores’ hours are 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Quotation Marks Use quotation marks before and after a direct quote. When ending a sentence with a quotation mark, put the period inside the quotation mark. For example:

Joy said, "It's too rainy to go to the park."

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D STEP ONE: INSTRUCTION Question marks should be placed outside the quotation mark except when the question mark is part of the quoted matter. For example:

Have you read the poem “Where the Sidewalk Ends”? Janie asked the principal "What time does the pep rally begin?"

Exclamation points should be placed outside the quotation mark except when the exclamation point is part of the quoted matter. For example:

I was so surprised when she said, “I have to leave early”! “But I want to play outside!” said Tony.

Use quotation marks around the titles of songs, works of art, articles, and poems. For example:

We sing “The Star-Spangled Banner” each morning at school. “Starry, Starry Night” is just one of the many paintings in the museum. I read “Seven Ways to Get a Good Night’s Sleep” in the newspaper. “The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere” is his favorite poem.

Hyphens Use a hyphen to spell out fractions or numbers greater than 20. For example:

1 ᎏᎏ = one-half 2 33 = thirty-three 174 = one hundred seventy-four

Colons When writing the time, use a colon to separate the hour from the minutes. For example:

School usually starts at 7:30 a.m., but it will start at 11:50 a.m. today.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is punctuated correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. My sister is twenty-two years old. OK 2. We sang Jingle Bells at the Christmas concert. 3. Lisas hair is long and blonde. 4. Jack is onehalf the size of his older brother. 5. My dad left for work at 930. 6. The students desks were out of order. 7. He said, “Let’s go to the baseball game”. 8. His mom hasnt gone to the store. 9. Shell have to go to the dentist soon. 10. The house was built sixty seven years ago.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Subject-Verb Agreement When you use a singular subject, use the singular form of the verb that goes with it. To make the verb singular, you will usually add an “s” to the end of it. For example:

Elizabeth plays the game well.

When you use two or more subjects, use the plural form of the verb that goes with them. To do that, you will usually omit an “s” from the end of the verb. For example:

The girls play the game well. Elizabeth and Amy play the game well.

Note that the word “you” is an exception to this rule. “You” can be singular or plural, but always use a plural verb with it. For example:

You play the game well, too.

Some verbs, such as “am,” “has,” and “was,” change form when they are plural. For example:

I am a good student. They are good students. He has good grades. They have good grades. She was the top student. They were the top students.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

have

1. The girls has

a lot of homework to do.

2. Yesterday, Jim study his lines for the play. 3. The Boy Scouts go camping in the summer. 4. She speak well in front of large groups of people. 5. Jackie and Brian hopes to get a new pet this year. 6. I are a quarterback on the football team. 7. They was excited about going to the movies. 8. Mom and Dad tells us to go to bed. 9. After the tag, she throws the ball back to the pitcher. 10. Joan paint pictures of the people she knows.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Verb Tense If you are writing about an event that is happening now, use the present tense of the verb. For example:

My little sister plays with her dolls.

If you are writing about an event that has already happened, use the past tense of the verb. To make most verbs past tense, add “ed” to the end of the verb. For example:

My little sister played with her dolls yesterday.

When using some verbs in the past tense, double the last letter before adding “ed.” For example:

Now they stop by only once a week, but last month they stopped by every day.

Note that some verbs are irregular and change form completely to make the past tense. For example:

Today I can take just a hat, but yesterday I took an umbrella. I think I need only a hat today, but yesterday I thought I needed an umbrella.

To, Too, and Two Use the correct tense of the word “to.” “To” shows movement toward someone or something. “Too” means also. “Two” is the number 2. For example:

Let’s go to the ballgame today. Are you coming too? My bike has two wheels.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

played

1. Paul play on the soccer team in high school. 2. He sent a birthday card to his grandmother last week. 3. On Tuesday, she ride her bike to the picnic. 4. Our mom take a trip to Peru last year. 5. Dylan run in a big race two weeks ago. 6. Yesterday, we fold the laundry for our parents. 7. Our brother baked an apple pie for Thanksgiving. 8. The dog bark at the cars that drove by the house. 9. Bill and Bobby will go two the show this afternoon. 10. The doctor calls to check on his patient.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Comparative Forms of Adjectives To compare two people, places, or things, add the letters “er” to the end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable. For example:

Jack can jump higher than Jill.

When you compare two people, places, or things, use the word “more” with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables. For example:

Jill is more interested in sports than Jack.

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, add the letters “est” to the end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable. For example:

That’s the smallest size they have!

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, use the word “most” with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables. For example:

That coat is the most expensive coat in the store.

Pronouns A pronoun takes the place of a noun (a person, place, or thing). If the original noun is singular, the pronoun must be singular. If the original noun is plural, the pronoun must be plural. For example:

Anjani is my friend, and she was born in India. Gaspar and Tom are my best friends, and they live on my block.

Use the correct form of the pronoun “it.” “Its” is the possessive form of “it.” “It’s” is the contraction of “it is.” For example:

It’s going to be a long day. Its hair is short and brown.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D Their, There, and They’re Use the correct form of the word “their.” “Their” is the possessive form of “them.” “There” is a place. “They’re” is the contraction of “they are.” For example:

Their coats and jackets are hanging on the wall. Let’s move over there. They’re going to meet us at the movies.

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence uses correct grammar, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Tyler is the fastest person on the track team. OK 2. The lion shook it’s mane of hair. 3. They’re mom is going to be the new volleyball coach. 4. This year’s parade is large than the one we had last year. 5. Hannah is the most talented artist in the class. 6. Lilly and Ron are my cousins, and she live in Delaware. 7. This is the mostest fun I have had in a long time! 8. Paula is more big than her little sister, Andy. 9. Trina plays the violin, and she has a recital tomorrow. 10. Its time to put away your book and go to sleep. © RALLY! EDUCATION. NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE REPRODUCED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the first word of a sentence. For example:

Did you complete your homework assignment? Come over tonight and play basketball!

Capitalize the greeting of a letter (also known as the salutation). Capitalize the closing of a letter. For example:

Dear Kathy, I’m very anxious to plan our next vacation to Pittsburgh. As we discussed, we’ll travel by bus and stay for at least four days. We can arrange a sightseeing tour and other activities. Let’s get together soon. Sincerely, Yolanda

Capitalize days of the week and months. For example:

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

January February March April May June July August September October November December

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

1. my friend Tim lives on a farm. 2. he went running up the steps. 3. luis got a good grade on his math test. 4. Carla’s birthday is in October. 5. it rains whenever I want to go outside. 6. My birthday is next Monday. 7. candy is given out on Halloween. 8. I think sunday is the best day of the week. 9. Many people like playing the piano. 10. My brother raked leaves on thursday.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the first and last names of people. For example:

Howard Blankmen Tina Santos Sidhar Jamal

When you talk about yourself, capitalize the letter I. For example:

Linda and I surfed the Internet I searched the Web for the article.

Capitalize the first letter of a person’s title. For example:

Ms. Mr. Sr.

a woman a man senior

Mrs. a married woman Jr. junior Dr. a doctor

Capitalize a person’s initials. For example:

Mr. N. Brunn Mrs. J. Kissall Ms. L.R. Titus

Capitalize words that are used as names. For example:

I played chess with Dad. We went to the store with Grandpa and Grandma. “Did I get any letters?” asked Uncle Paul.

Capitalize the first word in a quotation. For example:

“Who wants some strawberries?” Daisy asked. “Don’t forget your glasses,” Tim said.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Ms.

1. My teacher’s name is ms. Smith. 2. When the man asked, i said, “My name is Rob.” 3. Will grandpa let me visit today? 4. Mrs. Kate Simmons will be the speaker. 5. “what do you think about that?” asked Missy. 6. Jake’s pet is a turtle named Slowpoke. 7. “Our favorite author is B.f. Jones,” said Joe. 8. Kelly had to visit dr. Williams this morning. 9. Because dad’s name is Tom, my name is Tom, Jr. 10. “ask Mom if we can play in the snow,” my sister said.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the titles of books, movies, magazines, poems, stories, television shows, and songs. For example:

Books: “Harry Potter” Movies: “Star Wars” Magazines: “Time for Kids” Poems: “The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere” Stories: “The Three Little Pigs” Television shows: “American Idol” Songs: “The Star-Spangled Banner”

Capitalize the titles of organizations or groups. For example:

Boy Scouts of America American Cancer Society City Girls’ Choir

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is capitalized correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Matt likes to sing “America the Beautiful.” OK 2. Nathan watches “american idol” but I don’t like it. 3. Every year, Lee’s parents sing the “happy birthday” song to her. 4. My neighbor gave some money to the united way group. 5. Have you read any of the “Harry Potter” books? 6. I think the first “star wars” movie was the best. 7. The group known as Farm Aid tries to help American farmers. 8. I enjoyed watching the movie “the lion king.” 9. We laughed at that Broadway play called “the producers.” 10. The best book I read in school this year was Gary Paulsen’s “Dogsong.”

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the names of proper nouns: specific people, places, and things. Some examples of proper nouns are specific street names, cities, states, countries, continents, oceans, lakes, rivers, mountains, groups of people, languages, historic events and time periods, holidays, buildings, bridges, and spacecraft. For example:

Specific street names: Balmoral Avenue Cities: Glen Cove States: Texas Countries: United States Continents: South America Rivers: Mississippi River Oceans: Indian Ocean Lakes: Lake Michigan Mountains: Appalachian Mountains Groups of people: Americans Languages: Chinese Holidays: Thanksgiving Buildings: Empire State Building Bridges: George Washington Bridge Spacecraft: Challenger Historic events and time periods: World War I , The Great Depression

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

Asia

1. My cousin just returned from asia. 2. Ben used to live in ohio, but he now lives in Florida. 3. I would love to surf in the pacific ocean. 4. We celebrate Christmas at my grandmother’s house. 5. Sometimes Kim and Tom eat chinese food for dinner. 6. The eiffel tower is nine hundred and eighty-six feet tall. 7. Most of Janice’s family is Irish. 8. My grandfather fought in the korean war. 9. lake erie is a great place for water skiing. 10. John Denver wrote a song about the rocky mountains.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

ISBN 978-1-4204-6810-6