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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

P art A: R eview Punctuation Lessons 1–5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Grammar and Word Usage Lessons 1–9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

P art B: M ultiple -C hoice P ractice Session 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Session 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Session 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

P art C: P ractice for T est S uccess Strand by Strand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 The Elements of a Complete Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Subject-Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Capitalization and Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Combining of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Separation of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL G

Introduction Test Success Series: Grammar, Punctuation & Word Usage prepares students to answer the multiple-choice questions assessing grammar, punctuation, and word usage on tests.

P art A In Part A, you will complete lessons in grammar, punctuation, and word usage. At the end of each set of lessons you will complete a review.

P art B In Part B, you will read passages with embedded errors. Students then answer multiple-choice questions to indicate appropriate corrections.

P art C In Part C, Strand by Strand covers each of the five strands individually. For each strand, students answer five multiple-choice questions testing each skill. The Elements of a Complete Sentence Subject-Verb Agreement Capitalization and Punctuation Combining of Sentences Separation of Sentences All Together covers all of the strands together. Section 2 contains ten questions for each of the strands, but the questions are mixed together. Students answer 50 multiple-choice questions testing all of the five skills. Part C only includes multiple-choice questions. Each question offers four possible answer choices. Students should review the questions and four choices carefully and select the answer they think is best.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

P art A Punctuation Lessons Grammar and Word Usage Lessons

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Periods End sentences that give information or a command with a period. For example:

Basketball practice will begin immediately after school. Clean your room.

Use a period to abbreviate titles, months, days of the week, times of day, and units of measure. For example:

Ms.

Mr.

Feb.

Tues. a.m.

p.m.

tsp.

oz.

Question Marks End a sentence that asks a question with a question mark. For example:

Have you completed the assignment? Did you calculate the cost for the school trip?

Exclamation Points End a sentence that expresses strong feeling or surprise with an exclamation point. For example:

That’s one of the best CD collections I’ve seen! Yes, today is the deadline for handing in the term paper!

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is punctuated correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. What search engine do you prefer!

2. Should I take out the trash. 3. He didn’t anticipate competition, but he had to break the record to win the race.

4. Oh no, I added salt instead of sugar to the recipe? 5. When did New York become a state. 6. Wow, I got a great birthday present. 7. If you are going to be late for the 10 am appointment, please let me know.

8. That’s phenomenal news, Mr. Harrison! 9. How many Native American tribes still exist in New York State. 10. The voters went to the polls in record numbers to elect the governor.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Commas – Part I Follow exclamatory words at the beginning of a sentence with a comma. (Exclamatory words are used to show a feeling, like surprise.) For example:

Wow, it’s great to see you again after all this time! Yes, I agree.

Use a comma after introductory phrases. For example:

After the hurricane, the football game was cancelled. Before boarding, Sheila made sure she had her ticket.

Use a comma before and after a word or phrase that renames or gives more information about a noun. For example:

The candidate, Mr. Jackson, petitioned the state for a recount. That house, the white one with the red trim, is too expensive.

Use a comma to separate a direct quotation from the person who is speaking. For example:

“This computer program is too complicated for me,” Jack said. Maria answered, “Don’t give up on it just yet.”

Use a comma before and after a word or words that interrupt the main idea of a sentence. For example:

The easiest way to learn the game, however, is to play it. Katie and Jay, meanwhile, will take the baby for a ride in his stroller.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

2. “Read the manual before you start,” Ivory said. 3. Before you come to the bridge stop and get gas. 4. Please you must stick to your diet. 5. The orchestra however did not adhere to the program. 6. After the show Mike drove Abby to her grandmother’s house. 7. Jalem borrowed my shirt the one with buttons on the pockets for the dance.

8. Audrey loved the band, as she told us repeatedly, and knew all the members’ names.

9. You can ask the coach Mr. Lombardi for a chance to play. 10. “I tape my favorite program” Lee said.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Commas – Part II Use a comma to separate the date from the year. For example:

July 4, 1776

August 29, 1974

Use a comma to separate cities from states and cities from countries. For example:

Ithaca, New York

Paris, France

Separate each word in a series of three or more words with a comma. For example:

The U.S. Postal Service delivers the mail in snow, sleet, and rain. I bought raspberries, peaches, and avocadoes.

Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives. For example:

Present your arguments in a confident, firm manner. Oscar is a mean, troublesome cat.

Use a comma and a connecting word to combine two simple sentences and form a compound sentence. For example:

The cheerleading squad voted to eliminate the dance, but the coaches said it was the school’s favorite routine. I thought we should try another route, and Mom agreed.

Use a comma after the greeting and closing of a letter. For example:

Dear Dr. Kaplan, Enclosed are my chest x-rays from City Radiology. Sincerely, Armena Shandra

Use commas to set off the name of the person you are addressing. For example:

You must treat my condition, Dr. Kaplan, before it prevents me from returning to work. Don’t watch TV, Tanya, before you finish your homework.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL G

White Plains, New York

1. The envelope was addressed in error to White Plains New York. 2. Before you agree to those conditions Monica consider the consequences.

3. The naturalist demonstrated how birds breed communicate and nest. 4. I tried to program the cell phone but it was too difficult to program without the manual.

5. The state legislators voted on October 1, 2005 to create a new holiday.

6. The flyer advertised a sale on September 15 2005. 7. Mother Teresa lived in Calcutta India. 8. Your excuse Irene is not acceptable. 9. Nearly 4.7 million people live in the modern city of Riyadh Saudi Arabia.

10. She had planned her trip carefully but she had forgotten to update her passport.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Apostrophes Use an apostrophe to take the place of the missing letters in a contraction. For example:

is not = isn’t

cannot = can’t

Add an apostrophe plus an “s” to show possession. For example:

Juan’s cell phone needed to be charged. Michaela’s backpack is purple.

Put the apostrophe after the letter “s” to indicate plural possession. For example:

Her friends’ names were Alfred, Sonia, and Jimmy. Both cars’ batteries were dead.

Quotation Marks Use quotation marks before and after a direct quote. When ending a sentence with a quotation mark, put the period inside the quotation mark. For example:

Joy said, "It's too rainy to go to the park."

Question marks should be placed outside the quotation mark except when the question mark is part of the quoted matter. For example:

Have you read the poem “Where the Sidewalk Ends”? Janie asked the principal "What time does the pep rally begin?"

Exclamation points should be placed outside the quotation mark except when the exclamation point is part of the quoted matter. For example:

I was so surprised when she said, “I have to leave early”! “But I want to play outside!” said Tony.

Use quotation marks around the titles of songs, works of art, articles, and poems. For example:

“Wind Behind My Wings” was a popular wedding song. My favorite painting is “Starry Night.”

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G Use quotation marks around a word or words being discussed. For example:

The word “parallel” is difficult to spell. The teacher asked Tim what he meant when he called the book “unusual.”

Use quotation marks around slang words, nicknames, or words used in an unusual way. For example:

My little sister calls mice “squeakers” because of the noise they make. Famous baseball player Babe Ruth was often called the “Sultan of Swat.”

Can’t

2. My towns water quality failed inspection three times last year. 3. Four judges were appointed, and the judges decisions were all controversial.

4. Marietta asked, Will you volunteer to lead the committee? 5. I Get Around was recorded by the Beach Boys. 6. If she says “really” one more time, I’ll scream! 7. We’re too late to eat dinner now. 8. The word friendly was used to describe the dog. 9. The sculptor Rodin made several copies of The Thinker. 10. The taxi driver turned around and said to his passenger, “Dont do that in my car.”

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Hyphens Use a hyphen to spell out fractions or numbers between 20 and 100. 1 For example: ᎏᎏ = one-half 2 33 = thirty-three 156 = one hundred fifty-six Use a hyphen to join two words that work together to make an adjective before a noun. For example:

Use blue-black ink to sign this form. The applicant requested on-the-job training.

Colons Use a colon to introduce a list in a sentence. For example:

Please register for these teams: swimming, basketball, tennis, and hockey. I have visited the following states: Nevada, Utah, and Arizona.

Semicolons Use a semicolon to join two simple sentences without a connecting word. For example:

She volunteered to work at the community center; she was asked to order books for the center’s new library. I asked John for a pencil; he handed me a marker instead.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Seventy-six

were air-conditioned.

2. The instructions neglected to mention four items raincoat, umbrella, first-aid kit, and flip-flops.

3. I did not want to go to the mall I wanted to read a book instead. 4. Janie invited twenty two of her classmates to her birthday party. 5. His grandmother’s brownie recipe is a tried-and-true one. 6. The detective conducted several searches; he left the scene of the crime after an hour.

7. In that county, nearly two thirds of the population skis. 8. Sam has an extensive collection of memorabilia encompassing sports, television shows, traffic signs, and license plates.

9. Many companies now offer dress down Fridays. 10. Roberto bought a pair of black-and-white sneakers.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Plurals Add an “s” to the end of most nouns to make them plural. For example:

Mindy’s cat just had three kittens. Please carry in all the folding chairs.

If a noun ends in “s,” “sh,” “ch,” or “x,” add “es” to make it plural. For example:

Our neighborhood has several churches. I asked the clerk to save me leftover boxes.

If a noun ends in a consonant plus “y,” change the “y” to an “i” and add “es” to form the plural. For example:

Is that a fly buzzing around? Actually, there are two flies. Our house has two pantries, not just one pantry.

Subject-Verb Agreement Use the singular form of a verb with a singular subject. Most singular verbs are formed by adding “s.” For example:

The photographer loves her digital camera. Bryce likes to eat barbecue.

Use the plural form of a verb with a plural subject. Most plural verbs do not require adding an “s.” For example:

The teachers plan carefully for the new curriculum. Those two horses trot side by side.

Note: The word “you” is an exception to this rule. Although the pronoun “you” can refer to a singular subject, always use a plural verb with it. For example:

You concentrate on your homework while he cooks dinner. Tessa plays the piano while you sing along.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G STEP ONE: INSTRUCTION

Some irregular verbs, such as “to be” and “to have,” change form when they are plural. For example:

I am grateful that the concert exceeded my expectations. We were nervous about the flight. He has every right to be angry, but they have no choice.

Use a plural verb with two or more subjects joined by “and.” For example:

Flowers, trees, and vines grow quickly in that climate. Maria and Javier play baseball in the yard.

Note: When the subjects are joined by “or,” however, the verb must agree with the subject closest to it. For example:

A minister or the counselors are eligible to preside at the meeting. The Smiths or Mr. Strassheim plays the guitar at the coffee shop every night.

When you use neither … nor and either … or to join your subjects: • use a singular verb if the subject is created with singular words. For example:

Neither Abdul nor Carol is interested in the roller coaster. Either Pat or Danny travels to Maine each summer.

• use a plural verb if the subject is created with plural words. For example:

Neither motorcycles nor bicycles drive on that bridge. Either toys or games belong in this storage carton.

Note: When the subject is created with both singular and plural words, the verb must agree with the subject closest to it. For example:

Neither the dog nor the cats smell the offensive odor Either the cats or the dog smells the offensive odor.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is correct, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Joanna and Stephanie checks their equipment before every trip.

check

2. Neither Lottie nor her cousins expects to attend the state university.

3. Katie gave me a skirt and two dress for my birthday. 4. The strategic approach calls for troop withdrawal by December 31. 5. Either the sunscreens or the sunblocks is good choices. 6. Sam and Sonya appear in the parade in costume as the President and First Lady.

7. We has sixty-two hours to tour the city. 8. A policeman or the firemen call for an ambulance on every threealarm fire.

9. You was correct to say “sit” when the dog lunged at the baby. 10. The talk show featured many interesting personalitys.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Verb Tense, Part I When you write about the present, use the present tense of a verb. With “I,” “you,” “we,” and “they,” do not add an “s” to the end of most verbs. With “he,” “she,” or “it,” add an “s” to the end of most verbs. For example:

I place the coffee mug on the table. Sara places the coffee mug on the table.

When you write about the past, use the past tense of a verb. To transform most verbs into the past tense, add “ed” to the end of them. For example:

The government’s role expanded last year. Mike unlocked the door to his house.

To transform some verbs from present tense to past tense, double the last letter before adding “ed” if the last letter follows a vowel. For example:

Did it stop? Yes, it stopped. Adam wanted to pop some popcorn. After five minutes, all of it had popped.

Note: Many verbs are irregular in the past tense. Some examples are: Present

Past

Present

Past

are

were

tell

told

was

leave

left

get

got

catch

caught

bleed

bled

tear

tore

take

took

shoot

shot

think

thought

light

lit

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G STEP ONE: INSTRUCTION

Confusing Words: To, Too, Two To create the infinitive form of a verb, use “to” with the verb. For example:

I love to ski. Uncle Bill likes to cook.

To show direction or movement, use “to” as a preposition. For example:

She anticipated going to the lecture with her mentor. Nadine will drive to the store.

Use the adverb “too” to mean “also” or “excessive.” For example:

After he repaired the exhaust, he complained about the engine noise, too. Although he studied for the test, he said it was too difficult.

To write out the numeral 2, use the word “two.” For example:

Why were two lawyers representing the same client? There are too many people competing for two positions on the team.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is correct, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. This morning, she rush out of the house without her coffee.

rushed

2. As my role model, she inspires me every day. 3. The visiting nurse checked my temperature; when she returns tomorrow, she’ll draw blood, two.

4. If the mayor leaved the decision up to me, I would build the community center.

5. He purchased golf clubs online, and the store shiped them. 6. Although they were neighbors, the two families acted as if they were related.

7. The directions too the theater were complicated. 8. During the fall, she teared her silk blouse. 9. I deposited your donation. 10. The carpenter lighted candles when the electricity failed.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Comparative Forms of Adjectives To compare two people, places, or things, add the letters “er” to the end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable. For example:

Shandra can hold her breath longer than Michael. Laurie is stronger than Barbara.

When you compare two people, places, or things, use the word “more” with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables. For example:

Mei is more fascinated by environmental issues than Germaine. I think waterfalls are more beautiful than rivers.

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, add the letters “est” to the end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable. For example:

Select the pipe with the largest diameter. Out of the entire class, Cassandra’s grade point average was the highest.

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, use the word “most” with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables. For example:

She enjoys discussing the most controversial subjects. That’s the most outstanding mural I’ve ever seen.

Adjective or Adverb? Use an adjective to describe a noun or pronoun. For example:

During the school play, the students’ behavior was poor. After his accident, he was careful about how he walked.

Use an adverb to describe a verb. To form many adverbs, add “ly” to the end of an adjective. For example:

The students behaved poorly during the school play. After his accident, my uncle walked carefully to avoid falling.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is correct, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. When he heard shots being fired, the cowboy ducked immediate.

immediately

2. The dance instructor’s words were clearly, “You must practice!” 3. The music from his CD player was loud than the music playing

throughout the gym.

4. That birthday gift is the most expensive one I’ve received! 5. She whispered, but he spoke loud. 6. What is the most short way to get to your house? 7. Did you repeatedly skip class that semester? 8. How can you tell that she was determinedest to finish? 9. She walked across the busy street quick. 10. The resort was isolated than the hotel.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Pronoun and Antecedent Agreement Use a pronoun to take the place of a noun (also called the pronoun’s antecedent). Pronouns must agree in gender, person, and number with antecedents. Use a singular pronoun with a singular antecedent. Note: if an antecedent is singular, but its gender is not specified, use the phrase “he or she” as the pronoun. For example:

The clown is dressed in stripes, and he makes me laugh. Before anyone expresses an opinion, he or she must research the subject.

Use a plural pronoun with a plural antecedent. For example:

The clowns marched in the parade, and they opened the show. Lisa and Tracy wanted some ice cream, so they went to the kitchen.

Use a possessive pronoun with a possessive antecedent. For example:

Susan’s Honda crashed; her car will never be the same. The employees’ complaints were varied; their concerns were noted by the boss.

Troubling Pronouns: It, They Use “it” as a singular pronoun. For example:

The company released the stockholders’ report, and it contained good news. I don’t want to spoil the TV show by telling you too much about it.

Use “its” as a singular possessive pronoun. For example:

The company released the report, and its results were disputed. I can’t turn on the TV, because its screen is broken.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G Use “it’s” as a contraction taking the place of the phrase “it is.” For example:

It’s the only chance she had to voice her opinion. Are we going to the beach? It’s not likely.

Use “they” as a plural pronoun. For example:

The athletes trained every day because they were determined to win. Mom and Dad like to go to Chicago so they can eat deep-dish pizza.

Use “their” as a plural possessive pronoun. For example:

The athletes won first place, but their victory was contested. Marcia and Dan decided to sell their car.

Use “they’re” as a contraction to take the place of “they are.” For example:

They’re still upset about the change in plans. Our neighbors aren’t going to the movie; they’re going to the theater instead.

Use “there” to indicate location or to introduce a clause or sentence. For example:

Didn’t you see him point over there? There are rules governing behavior in the courtroom.

Verb Tense, Part II Use the present tense of a verb to show action in the present. Use the present progressive tense of the verb to show ongoing action. To form the progressive tense, add “ing” to the verb and precede it with the correct form of the verb “to be” (“am,” “are,” or “is”). For example:

I write what I believe to be true. I am writing what I believe to be true. He is writing what he believes to be true.

Use the subjective tense to show the subject’s ability to complete the action, attitude towards completing the action, obligation to complete the action, or intention to complete the action. For example:

I I I I

can finish the assignment by Thursday. could finish the assignment by Thursday. would finish the assignment by Thursday. should finish the assignment by Thursday.

[ability] [attitude] [intention] [obligation]

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

It’s

2. Garret would like to say he enjoyed the movie, but he did not. 3. The actors and the directors couldn’t agree on the script, so there only recourse was to consult with the scriptwriter.

4. For the next few years, Lola is plan to work after school to earn money for college.

5. Once they arrive their, they will unpack all the cartons. 6. Claire and Leila scheduled there vacations for the next ten years. 7. When the Internet works, its a helpful tool. 8. I noticed that Joe was late, but I didn’t know if they was still coming to the movie.

9. The firm did not agree to the terms because it’s most important demand was ignored.

10. Angela’s favorite hobby is crochet sweaters.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Complete Sentences When writing a complete sentence make sure that it includes at least one subject and one verb, expresses a complete thought, and is able to stand on its own. For example:

Lucy told a story. Lucy and Ed hiked and biked on Saturday.

A sentence fragment is missing either a subject or a verb; it does not express a complete idea and cannot stand on its own. For example:

Because Pete told a story. Such as books and newspapers.

Correct run-on sentences. A run-on sentence is usually produced by a comma splice. A comma splice occurs when a comma is used to join two independent clauses, but the coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor) is left out. To avoid comma splices, use a coordinating conjunction with the comma to join two independent clauses. You can also correct a comma splice by breaking the independent clauses into two sentences or by substituting a semicolon for the comma. For example:

Susan Susan Susan Susan

told told told told

a a a a

story, she made everyone laugh. story, and she made everyone laugh. story. She made everyone laugh. story; she made everyone laugh.

[incorrect] [correct] [correct] [correct]

Double Negatives Use only one negative word (no, none, not, never, won’t, hardly, barely, un-, neither…nor) in a sentence to express a negative idea. For example:

We can’t hardly wait to see the movie again. We can hardly wait to see the movie again.

[incorrect] [correct]

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is correct, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. From our house you cannot see none of the mountains.

any

2. Melinda is not never going to ski. 3. Please give me your opinion, I need to call my mother before she leaves work.

4. Please don’t leave any dirty dishes on the table. 5. Ivan stopped playing tennis, we are glad he stopped. 6. She decided she did not want no one to help her. 7. Contact Simone next week, and tell her we can meet her at the dance.

8. I didn’t ask for no apple. 9. John didn’t find nothing wrong with his computer the next day. 10. Whether you like it or not. We are going to the park.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL G

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Begin a sentence with a capital letter. For example:

How much money did you raise for the walk-a-thon? The students voted to participate in the fair.

Capitalize the greeting of a letter (also known as the salutation). Capitalize the closing of a letter. For example:

Dear Mayor Smith, Our school club, Students for the Environment, is conducting an event on Saturday, March 12. We would be honored if you could attend. The event will help raise money to clean up an empty lot in the neighborhood and create a playground with a fountain. If you could arrive at 10 a.m. and speak for a few minutes, you will be helping us call attention to this project. Please let us know if you are available. Sincerely, Michael Dublin

Capitalize days of the week, months, and holidays. For example:

Monday January Labor Day

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is capitalized correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. where will the review test be held?

Where

2. Last Thursday, we visited my favorite museum. 3. The mall will be closed on thanksgiving. 4. In september, the school calendar is filled with parent-teacher conferences.

5. two-thirds of the class is scheduled to perform. 6. The choir practiced last night. 7. do you know how to email photographs to your friends? 8. You are invited to a halloween party. 9. you are going to be late! 10. I did not stay up late on New Year’s Eve.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the first and last names of people and their initials. For example:

Lance Amstrong Theresa Morelas Ms. L. R. Alverez

When you talk about yourself, capitalize the letter I. For example:

Lisa and I are saving our money to buy Broadway tickets. I wrote a 500-word essay for extra credit.

Capitalize the first letter of a person’s title. For example:

Ms. Mr. Sr.

a woman a man senior

Mrs. Jr. Dr.

a married woman junior a doctor

Capitalize words that are used as names. For example:

I played golf with Aunt Jill. “Did I get any e-mail today?” Dad asks every night.

Capitalize the first word in a quotation. For example:

“When does Christmas vacation start?” Darrell asked his teacher on the first day of school. His teacher replied, “Isn’t it a little early to ask about that?”

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Aunt

2. The police officer is named r.j. Jackson. 3. Dr. Isaac said, “everything will be fine.” 4. Rob’s father, Rob sr., took him to the U.S. Open Tennis Tournament in New York.

5. mr. Gonzalez asked me if I would volunteer to collect tickets at the game.

6. Our new neighbor is named Ms. kendrick. 7. The author autographed the book for grandpa Harry. 8. “Are you coming to the party?” i asked. 9. Next weekend I will mail invitations. 10. After a full meal, i politely declined the dessert.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the titles of books, movies, magazines, poems, stories, television shows, songs, and newspapers. For example:

Books: Little Women Movies: Men In Black Magazines: Newsweek Poems: “The Midnight Ride Of Paul Revere” Stories: “The Three Little Pigs” Television shows: The Apprentice Songs: “Yankee Doodle Dandy” Newspapers: The New York Times

Capitalize the titles of organizations or groups. For example:

Boy Scouts American Cancer Society City Girls’ Choir

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

American Idol

2. We stood in line to buy the new harry potter novel. 3. My dad makes an annual donation to habitat for humanity. 4. I enjoy reading Goodnight Moon to my baby sister. 5. I wore my new uniform to my girl scouts meeting. 6. Please buy me the latest issue of reader’s digest. 7. What time does nature start on Tuesday night? 8. The daily news has the best sports coverage in New York City. 9. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote “evangeline,” an epic poem. 10. The film March of the Penguins was a surprise hit.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL G

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the names of proper nouns: specific people, places, and things. Some examples of proper nouns are names of streets, buildings, bridges, cities, countries, groups of people, historic events, geographic features, languages, monuments and public spaces, states, streets, spacecraft, and time periods. For example:

Specific street names: Lexington Avenue Bridges: George Washington Bridge Buildings: Empire State Building Cities: Chicago Countries: United States Groups of people: Americans Historic events and time periods: World War I , Great Depression Geographic features: Great Plains Continents: North America Oceans: Indian Ocean Lakes: Lake Michigan Mountains: Appalachian Mountains Languages: Chinese Monuments: Lincoln Memorial Public spaces: Rockefeller Center Spacecraft: Challenger States: Texas

ÂŠ RALLY! EDUCATION

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL G

Panama Canal

2. Many students have visited the statue of liberty on a school trip. 3. Several different native american tribes live in Arizona. 4. After the korean war, the United States stationed troops in South Korea.

5. The nations surrounding the indian ocean are some of the most populated countries on earth.

6. You don’t have to be Irish to enjoy corned beef and cabbage. 7. The space shuttle discovery landed safely on Earth. 8. Have you ever visited the zoo in Central Park? 9. The brooklyn bridge is a historic landmark. 10. The hudson river is cleaner today than ever.

ISBN 978-1-4204-6819-9