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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

P art A: R eview Punctuation Lessons 1–5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Grammar and Word Usage Lessons 1–9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

P art B: M ultiple -C hoice P ractice Session 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Session 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Session 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

P art C: P ractice for T est S uccess Strand by Strand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 The Elements of a Complete Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Subject-Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Capitalization and Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Combining of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Separation of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Introduction Test Success Series: Grammar, Punctuation & Word Usage prepares students to answer the multiple-choice questions assessing grammar, punctuation, and word usage on tests.

P art A In Part A, you will complete lessons in grammar, punctuation, and word usage. At the end of each set of lessons you will complete a review.

P art B In Part B, you will read passages with embedded errors. Students then answer multiple-choice questions to indicate appropriate corrections.

P art C In Part C, Strand by Strand covers each of the five strands individually. For each strand, students answer five multiple-choice questions testing each skill. The Elements of a Complete Sentence Subject-Verb Agreement Capitalization and Punctuation Combining of Sentences Separation of Sentences All Together covers all of the strands together. Section 2 contains ten questions for each of the strands, but the questions are mixed together. Students answer 50 multiple-choice questions testing all of the five skills. Part C only includes multiple-choice questions. Each question offers four possible answer choices. Students should review the questions and four choices carefully and select the answer they think is best.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

P art A Punctuation Lessons Grammar and Word Usage Lessons

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Periods End sentences that give information or a command with a period. For example:

Basketball practice will begin immediately after school. Clean your room.

Use a period to abbreviate titles, months, days of the week, times of day, and units of measure. For example:

Ms.

Mr.

Feb.

Tues. a.m.

p.m.

tsp.

oz.

Question Marks End a sentence that asks a question with a question mark. For example:

Have you completed the assignment? Did you calculate the cost for the school trip?

Exclamation Points End a sentence that expresses strong feeling or surprise with an exclamation point. For example:

That’s one of the best CD collections I’ve seen! Yes, today is the deadline for handing in the term paper!

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is punctuated correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Which hat should I wear!

2. Do we have enough time to play one more game. 3. Lester walked to the store to buy some groceries. 4. Look out, there is broken glass on the floor. 5. How cold do you think it will get outside during the winter. 6. Hurray, our team just won the football championship. 7. Mrs. Gonzalez, was late for her 3 pm dentist appointment. 8. Wow, that wave is really big! 9. What do you think we should do if it begins to rain during the picnic.

10. The students raised money to buy more books for the school library.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Commas – Part I Follow exclamatory words at the beginning of a sentence with a comma. (Exclamatory words are used to show a feeling, like surprise.) For example:

Wow, it’s great to see you again after all this time! Yes, I agree.

Use a comma after introductory phrases. For example:

After the hurricane, the football game was cancelled. Before boarding, Sheila made sure she had her ticket.

Use a comma before and after a word or phrase that renames or gives more information about a noun. For example:

The candidate, Mr. Jackson, petitioned the state for a recount. That house, the white one with the red trim, is too expensive.

Use a comma to separate a direct quotation from the person who is speaking. For example:

“This computer program is too complicated for me,” Jack said. Maria answered, “Don’t give up on it just yet.”

Use a comma before and after a word or words that interrupt the main idea of a sentence. For example:

The easiest way to learn the game, however, is to play it. Katie and Jay, meanwhile, will take the baby for a ride in his stroller.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

2. “It’s time for dinner,” Mrs. Reynolds declared. 3. After you sweep the kitchen floor you must vacuum the carpet in the living room.

4. Hurry up the movie is about to begin. 5. The team however lost the basketball game. 6. Please slow down and be more careful. 7. Maria’s brother Dimitri loves to read about Greek mythology. 8. He walked over to his desk, as instructed, and sat down. 9. The cute puppy the one with the shaggy fur was very playful. 10. “I am too tired to play another game” Samuel stated.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Commas – Part II Use a comma to separate the date from the year. For example:

July 4, 1776

August 29, 1974

Use a comma to separate cities from states and cities from countries. For example:

Ithaca, New York

Paris, France

Separate each word in a series of three or more words with a comma. For example:

The U.S. Postal Service delivers the mail in snow, sleet, and rain. I bought raspberries, peaches, and avocadoes.

Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives. For example:

Present your arguments in a confident, firm manner. Oscar is a mean, troublesome cat.

Use a comma and a connecting word to combine two simple sentences and form a compound sentence. For example:

The cheerleading squad voted to eliminate the dance, but the coaches said it was the school’s favorite routine. I thought we should try another route, and Mom agreed.

Use a comma after the greeting and closing of a letter. For example:

Dear Dr. Kaplan, Enclosed are my chest x-rays from City Radiology. Sincerely, Armena Shandra

Use commas to set off the name of the person you are addressing. For example:

You must treat my condition, Dr. Kaplan, before it prevents me from returning to work. Don’t watch TV, Tanya, before you finish your homework.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Miami, Florida

1. The Reyes family traveled to Miami Florida for their vacation. 2. Before you go outside Marcus please put on your jacket. 3. Tara’s younger sister loves to hop skip and jump. 4. I wanted to buy a ticket to the concert but I did not have enough money.

5. Neil Armstrong and “Buzz” Aldrin landed on the moon on July 20, 1969.

6. Mr. and Mrs. O’Brien were married on September 21 1996. 7. Mario’s grandmother lives in Rome Italy. 8. The main character in the novel was an angry young boy. 9. The car manufacturer built a new factory in Tokyo Japan. 10. Petra thought that the movie was too long and her friends agreed.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Apostrophes Use an apostrophe to take the place of the missing letters in a contraction. For example:

is not = isn’t

cannot = can’t

Add an apostrophe plus an “s” to show possession. For example:

Juan’s cell phone needed to be charged. Michaela’s backpack is purple.

Put the apostrophe after the letter “s” to indicate plural possession. For example:

Her friends’ names were Alfred, Sonia, and Jimmy. Both cars’ batteries were dead.

Quotation Marks Use quotation marks before and after a direct quote. When ending a sentence with a quotation mark, put the period inside the quotation mark. For example:

Joy said, "It's too rainy to go to the park."

Question marks should be placed outside the quotation mark except when the question mark is part of the quoted matter. For example:

Have you read the poem “Where the Sidewalk Ends”? Janie asked the principal "What time does the pep rally begin?"

Exclamation points should be placed outside the quotation mark except when the exclamation point is part of the quoted matter. For example:

I was so surprised when she said, “I have to leave early”! “But I want to play outside!” said Tony.

Use quotation marks around the titles of songs, works of art, articles, and poems. For example:

“Wind Behind My Wings” was a popular wedding song. My favorite painting is “Starry Night.”

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H Use quotation marks around a word or words being discussed. For example:

The word “parallel” is difficult to spell. The teacher asked Tim what he meant when he called the book “unusual.”

Use quotation marks around slang words, nicknames, or words used in an unusual way. For example:

My little sister calls mice “squeakers” because of the noise they make. Famous baseball player Babe Ruth was often called the “Sultan of Swat.”

can’t

1. The animals at the zoo cant survive in the wild. 2. The teams owner wants to build a new stadium next year. 3. Two neighbors owned pet dogs, but the neighbors dogs did not get along well.

4. My mother asked, What time do you need to be at school? 5. The Road Not Taken is a famous poem by Robert Frost. 6. Carlos always remembers to say “please” and “thank you.” 7. We’re ready to go to Lisa’s house for a birthday party. 8. It isnt too late to change your mind. 9. My favorite song is Let It Be by the Beatles. 10. Ben Franklin once said, Where liberty dwells, there is my country.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Hyphens Use a hyphen to spell out fractions or numbers between 20 and 100. 1 For example: ᎏᎏ = one-half 2 33 = thirty-three 156 = one hundred fifty-six Use a hyphen to join two words that work together to make an adjective before a noun. For example:

Use blue-black ink to sign this form. The applicant requested on-the-job training.

Colons Use a colon to introduce a list in a sentence. For example:

Please register for these teams: swimming, basketball, tennis, and hockey. I have visited the following states: Nevada, Utah, and Arizona.

Semicolons Use a semicolon to join two simple sentences without a connecting word. For example:

She volunteered to work at the community center; she was asked to order books for the center’s new library. I asked John for a pencil; he handed me a marker instead.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Seventy-five

playing sports.

2. Students were asked to bring the following items to class; pencils, crayons, scissors, and glue.

3. I like to play hockey: I think it takes a lot of talent and skill. 4. Sheng Li invited twenty three people to his graduation party. 5. Tasha has a one-of-a-kind stamp in her collection that is very valuable.

6. I asked my father for something to drink; he poured me a glass of water.

7. Exactly one half of the students in the school are girls. 8. During their vacation, the Perez family went to Texas, Arizona, and Colorado.

9. The principal declared next Friday to be team spirit day. 10. My mother enjoys watching black-and-white movies that were made a long time ago.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Plurals Add an “s” to the end of most nouns to make them plural. For example:

Mindy’s cat just had three kittens. Please carry in all the folding chairs.

If a noun ends in “s,” “sh,” “ch,” or “x,” add “es” to make it plural. For example:

Our neighborhood has several churches. I asked the clerk to save me leftover boxes.

If a noun ends in a consonant plus “y,” change the “y” to an “i” and add “es” to form the plural. For example:

Is that a fly buzzing around? Actually, there are two flies. Our house has two pantries, not just one pantry.

Subject-Verb Agreement Use the singular form of a verb with a singular subject. Most singular verbs are formed by adding “s.” For example:

The photographer loves her digital camera. Bryce likes to eat barbecue.

Use the plural form of a verb with a plural subject. Most plural verbs do not require adding an “s.” For example:

The teachers plan carefully for the new curriculum. Those two horses trot side by side.

Note: The word “you” is an exception to this rule. Although the pronoun “you” can refer to a singular subject, always use a plural verb with it. For example:

You concentrate on your homework while he cooks dinner. Tessa plays the piano while you sing along.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H STEP ONE: INSTRUCTION

Some irregular verbs, such as “to be” and “to have,” change form when they are plural. For example:

I am grateful that the concert exceeded my expectations. We were nervous about the flight. He has every right to be angry, but they have no choice.

Use a plural verb with two or more subjects joined by “and.” For example:

Flowers, trees, and vines grow quickly in that climate. Maria and Javier play baseball in the yard.

Note: When the subjects are joined by “or,” however, the verb must agree with the subject closest to it. For example:

A minister or the counselors are eligible to preside at the meeting. The Smiths or Mr. Strassheim plays the guitar at the coffee shop every night.

When you use neither … nor and either … or to join your subjects: • use a singular verb if the subject is created with singular words. For example:

Neither Abdul nor Carol is interested in the roller coaster. Either Pat or Danny travels to Maine each summer.

• use a plural verb if the subject is created with plural words. For example:

Neither motorcycles nor bicycles drive on that bridge. Either toys or games belong in this storage carton.

Note: When the subject is created with both singular and plural words, the verb must agree with the subject closest to it. For example:

Neither the dog nor the cats smell the offensive odor Either the cats or the dog smells the offensive odor.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is correct, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Theo and Malory checks each other’s answers when they do

check

their homework.

2. The pilots needs several hours of special training before they can fly the new planes.

3. My mother sewed two patchs on my jacket. 4. The teachers require all students to come prepared to class every day.

5. Both apples and oranges is very healthy to eat. 6. Mia saw two foxes run in the forest last night. 7. They has already finished eating dinner and dessert. 8. Miss Jennings asks for help moving the boxes into the closet. 9. You was mistaken when you said that Babe Ruth holds the singleseason homerun record.

10. The school band performed concerts in three different citys.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Verb Tense, Part I When you write about the present, use the present tense of a verb. With “I,” “you,” “we,” and “they,” do not add an “s” to the end of most verbs. With “he,” “she,” or “it,” add an “s” to the end of most verbs. For example:

I place the coffee mug on the table. Sara places the coffee mug on the table.

When you write about the past, use the past tense of a verb. To transform most verbs into the past tense, add “ed” to the end of them. For example:

The government’s role expanded last year. Mike unlocked the door to his house.

To transform some verbs from present tense to past tense, double the last letter before adding “ed” if the last letter follows a vowel. For example:

Did it stop? Yes, it stopped. Adam wanted to pop some popcorn. After five minutes, all of it had popped.

Note: Many verbs are irregular in the past tense. Some examples are: Present

Past

Present

Past

are

were

tell

told

was

leave

left

get

got

catch

caught

bleed

bled

tear

tore

take

took

shoot

shot

think

thought

light

lit

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H STEP ONE: INSTRUCTION

Confusing Words: To, Too, Two To create the infinitive form of a verb, use “to” with the verb. For example:

I love to ski. Uncle Bill likes to cook.

To show direction or movement, use “to” as a preposition. For example:

She anticipated going to the lecture with her mentor. Nadine will drive to the store.

Use the adverb “too” to mean “also” or “excessive.” For example:

After he repaired the exhaust, he complained about the engine noise, too. Although he studied for the test, he said it was too difficult.

To write out the numeral 2, use the word “two.” For example:

Why were two lawyers representing the same client? There are too many people competing for two positions on the team.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is correct, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Yesterday, Geraldo buys new sneakers for playing tennis.

bought

2. The two small children pretended to be brave superheroes. 3. The weatherman said it was going to be cloudy; he stated that it might rain, to.

4. This morning, Pam takes a long time getting ready for school. 5. After the janitor moped the floor, it was sparkling clean. 6. Kevin was too tired to run around the track two more times. 7. The hallway too the classroom was long and very dark. 8. Damon and Shaniqua did what they were telled to do by their father.

9. I caught the football and ran for thirty-five yards before being tackled.

10. The cut bleeded badly until Oscar wrapped it tightly with a bandage.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Comparative Forms of Adjectives To compare two people, places, or things, add the letters “er” to the end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable. For example:

Shandra can hold her breath longer than Michael. Laurie is stronger than Barbara.

When you compare two people, places, or things, use the word “more” with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables. For example:

Mei is more fascinated by environmental issues than Germaine. I think waterfalls are more beautiful than rivers.

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, add the letters “est” to the end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable. For example:

Select the pipe with the largest diameter. Out of the entire class, Cassandra’s grade point average was the highest.

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, use the word “most” with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables. For example:

She enjoys discussing the most controversial subjects. That’s the most outstanding mural I’ve ever seen.

Adjective or Adverb? Use an adjective to describe a noun or pronoun. For example:

During the school play, the students’ behavior was poor. After his accident, he was careful about how he walked.

Use an adverb to describe a verb. To form many adverbs, add “ly” to the end of an adjective. For example:

The students behaved poorly during the school play. After his accident, my uncle walked carefully to avoid falling.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is correct, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. The people ran quick to get out of the house that was on fire.

quickly

2. Paolo was very quietly during the movie. 3. Brianna ran fast than the other girls on the track team. 4. That was one of the most interesting books I have ever read. 5. Mr. Ming waited patient to see the doctor. 6. Jupiter is the more bigger planet in our solar system. 7. Deshawn wisely put on sunblock when he was at the beach. 8. Celia is the telentedest singer that I know. 9. When the team scored, the crowd cheered loud. 10. Timo was most educated than his younger brother.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Pronoun and Antecedent Agreement Use a pronoun to take the place of a noun (also called the pronoun’s antecedent). Pronouns must agree in gender, person, and number with antecedents. Use a singular pronoun with a singular antecedent. Note: if an antecedent is singular, but its gender is not specified, use the phrase “he or she” as the pronoun. For example:

The clown is dressed in stripes, and he makes me laugh. Before anyone expresses an opinion, he or she must research the subject.

Use a plural pronoun with a plural antecedent. For example:

The clowns marched in the parade, and they opened the show. Lisa and Tracy wanted some ice cream, so they went to the kitchen.

Use a possessive pronoun with a possessive antecedent. For example:

Susan’s Honda crashed; her car will never be the same. The employees’ complaints were varied; their concerns were noted by the boss.

Troubling Pronouns: It, They Use “it” as a singular pronoun. For example:

The company released the stockholders’ report, and it contained good news. I don’t want to spoil the TV show by telling you too much about it.

Use “its” as a singular possessive pronoun. For example:

The company released the report, and its results were disputed. I can’t turn on the TV, because its screen is broken.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H Use “it’s” as a contraction taking the place of the phrase “it is.” For example:

It’s the only chance she had to voice her opinion. Are we going to the beach? It’s not likely.

Use “they” as a plural pronoun. For example:

The athletes trained every day because they were determined to win. Mom and Dad like to go to Chicago so they can eat deep-dish pizza.

Use “their” as a plural possessive pronoun. For example:

The athletes won first place, but their victory was contested. Marcia and Dan decided to sell their car.

Use “they’re” as a contraction to take the place of “they are.” For example:

They’re still upset about the change in plans. Our neighbors aren’t going to the movie; they’re going to the theater instead.

Use “there” to indicate location or to introduce a clause or sentence. For example:

Didn’t you see him point over there? There are rules governing behavior in the courtroom.

Verb Tense, Part II Use the present tense of a verb to show action in the present. Use the present progressive tense of the verb to show ongoing action. To form the progressive tense, add “ing” to the verb and precede it with the correct form of the verb “to be” (“am,” “are,” or “is”). For example:

I write what I believe to be true. I am writing what I believe to be true. He is writing what he believes to be true.

Use the subjective tense to show the subject’s ability to complete the action, attitude towards completing the action, obligation to complete the action, or intention to complete the action. For example:

I I I I

can finish the assignment by Thursday. could finish the assignment by Thursday. would finish the assignment by Thursday. should finish the assignment by Thursday.

[ability] [attitude] [intention] [obligation]

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

It’s

2. Moesha would like to go camping with her friends. 3. The teachers at the school should take there students on a field trip to the museum.

4. He am writing an essay about the benefits of solar energy. 5. Their is not much time left for Duane to finish his assignment. 6. I would like to know where their going. 7. Mary went to the store, and he bought a gift for her mother. 8. Tyler was very tired, so they went to bed early. 9. The oak tree behind the house looked beautiful when it’s leaves changed colors.

10. After school, they is going to the soccer game to support their team.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Complete Sentences When writing a complete sentence make sure that it includes at least one subject and one verb, expresses a complete thought, and is able to stand on its own. For example:

Lucy told a story. Lucy and Ed hiked and biked on Saturday.

A sentence fragment is missing either a subject or a verb; it does not express a complete idea and cannot stand on its own. For example:

Because Pete told a story. Such as books and newspapers.

Correct run-on sentences. A run-on sentence is usually produced by a comma splice. A comma splice occurs when a comma is used to join two independent clauses, but the coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor) is left out. To avoid comma splices, use a coordinating conjunction with the comma to join two independent clauses. You can also correct a comma splice by breaking the independent clauses into two sentences or by substituting a semicolon for the comma. For example:

Susan Susan Susan Susan

told told told told

a a a a

story, she made everyone laugh. story, and she made everyone laugh. story. She made everyone laugh. story; she made everyone laugh.

[incorrect] [correct] [correct] [correct]

Double Negatives Use only one negative word (no, none, not, never, won’t, hardly, barely, un-, neither…nor) in a sentence to express a negative idea. For example:

We can’t hardly wait to see the movie again. We can hardly wait to see the movie again.

[incorrect] [correct]

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

any

2. We are not never going to travel by train again. 3. Walk to the store with me, I need to buy some vegetables to make a salad.

4. Please do not put any of your toys in my closet. 5. It is getting dark outside, I need to go home. 6. Marc did not invite no one from his class to the party. 7. My mother took us to the ballgame, and she bought everyone a hot dog.

8. They won’t never make the same mistake again. 9. Katie couldn’t do nothing to fix the broken vase. 10. Even if it rains. There will still be a parade.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Begin a sentence with a capital letter. For example:

How much money did you raise for the walk-a-thon? The students voted to participate in the fair.

Capitalize the greeting of a letter (also known as the salutation). Capitalize the closing of a letter. For example:

Dear Mayor Smith, Our school club, Students for the Environment, is conducting an event on Saturday, March 12. We would be honored if you could attend. The event will help raise money to clean up an empty lot in the neighborhood and create a playground with a fountain. If you could arrive at 10 a.m. and speak for a few minutes, you will be helping us call attention to this project. Please let us know if you are available. Sincerely, Michael Dublin

Capitalize days of the week, months, and holidays. For example:

Monday January Labor Day

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is capitalized correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. when will you be finished doing your homework?

When

2. Next Monday, I will go to my cousin’s house with my sister. 3. My family went to see a parade on memorial day. 4. Many people like to take vacations in the month of july. 5. one-third of the apples in the basket are green. 6. Miss Diaz gives her class a spelling test every Friday. 7. why do you think owls have such big eyes? 8. There were hundreds of people in the store shopping for christmas presents.

9. you are going to miss the bus if you do not hurry. 10. We saw amazing fireworks at the Fourth of July celebration.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the first and last names of people and their initials. For example:

Lance Amstrong Theresa Morelas Ms. L. R. Alverez

When you talk about yourself, capitalize the letter I. For example:

Lisa and I are saving our money to buy Broadway tickets. I wrote a 500-word essay for extra credit.

Capitalize the first letter of a person’s title. For example:

Ms. Mr. Sr.

a woman a man senior

Mrs. Jr. Dr.

a married woman junior a doctor

Capitalize words that are used as names. For example:

I played golf with Aunt Jill. “Did I get any e-mail today?” Dad asks every night.

Capitalize the first word in a quotation. For example:

“When does Christmas vacation start?” Darrell asked his teacher on the first day of school. His teacher replied, “Isn’t it a little early to ask about that?”

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Uncle

2. My favorite author is j.k. Rowling. 3. The police officer said, “everyone please remain calm.” 4. Martin Luther King, jr., is remembered as one of America’s greatest heroes.

5. I saw mr. Jones at the county fair last Thursday. 6. Mom and dad asked us to come outside quickly. 7. We could hardly wait for grandma Betty to arrive. 8. “What time is it?” i asked. 9. Madison and I went to the lake to go fishing. 10. After reading the book by Edgar Allan Poe, i was too frightened to fall asleep.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the titles of books, movies, magazines, poems, stories, television shows, songs, and newspapers. For example:

Books: Little Women Movies: Men In Black Magazines: Newsweek Poems: “The Midnight Ride Of Paul Revere” Stories: “The Three Little Pigs” Television shows: The Apprentice Songs: “Yankee Doodle Dandy” Newspapers: The New York Times

Capitalize the titles of organizations or groups. For example:

Boy Scouts American Cancer Society City Girls’ Choir

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Star Wars

2. Madeline just finished reading to kill a mockingbird in her literature class.

3. I donated some of the money that I saved to the wounded warrior project.

4. The first book that I ever read was The Very Hungry Caterpillar. 5. My cousin and I just joined the boy scouts of America. 6. Carlos asked me if I had the latest issue of guitar player magazine. 7. We stayed up late to watch the last episode of modern marvels. 8. My father reads the wall street journal on his way to work. 9. “The rime of the ancient mariner” is a very long poem. 10. Toy story is a great movie for children and adults.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the names of proper nouns: specific people, places, and things. Some examples of proper nouns are names of streets, buildings, bridges, cities, countries, groups of people, historic events, geographic features, languages, monuments and public spaces, states, streets, spacecraft, and time periods. For example:

Specific street names: Lexington Avenue Bridges: George Washington Bridge Buildings: Empire State Building Cities: Chicago Countries: United States Groups of people: Americans Historic events and time periods: World War I , Great Depression Geographic features: Great Plains Continents: North America Oceans: Indian Ocean Lakes: Lake Michigan Mountains: Appalachian Mountains Languages: Chinese Monuments: Lincoln Memorial Public spaces: Rockefeller Center Spacecraft: Challenger States: Texas

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Atlantic Ocean

to America.

2. When I went to Philadelphia last year, I saw the liberty bell. 3. One of the earliest american colonies was established in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.

4. Soon after the civil war ended, slavery was abolished in the United States.

5. One of the coldest places on Earth is the continent of antarctica. 6. The Italian restaurant that we always go to makes the greatest pizza.

7. The titanic sunk in the ocean when it collided with a giant iceberg.

8. During our vacation, we went to Grand Canyon National Park. 9. We had to drive across the triborough bridge to get to Manhattan. 10.

The nile river, which is in Africa, is over 4,000 miles long.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

P art B

Practice Answering Multiple-Choice Questions

Session 1 Session 2 Session 3

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Session 1 DIRECTIONS Brooke has to write a short story for her English class. She decided to write about a boy and his camera. She has already written a draft. Now, she needs help editing and revising it. Use Brooke’s story to answer numbers 1 through 13.

A Picture is Worth a Thousand….Dollars?! (1) Alex dreamed of becoming a professional photographer someday. (2) On the morning of his thirteenth birthday, his parents gave Alex a camera. (3) He couldn’t wait to start taking pictures. (4) Buttoning his coat he headed outside with his new camera. (5) As he walked out the door, he saw his older sister, Samantha. (6) She teased him. (7) “Maybe you’ll take an award-winning photograph,” she joked. (8) Their mother overheard her comment and replied “You should be nice to your brother; he might become a famous photographer one day!” (9) Alex took pictures of many different subjects his neighbor’s cat, the store on the corner, and a few of his friends he ran into on Main Street. (10) He loved the way life looked through the viewfinder of the camera. (11) When he was down to his last picture, he was not sure what or whom he wanted to photograph. (12) Alex raised his camera just as a man hurried out of the bank across the street, and clicked it one last time.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H (13) Later that day, Alex picked up his film at Al’s One hour photo palace. (14) He was thrilled to see that hed taken some good pictures. (15) After dinner, Alex proudly showed his family his photo collection as them sat on the couch watching television. (16) On the local news, a reporter stood in front of a bank downtown. (17) She was reporting a report about a bank robbery that had reportedly taken place earlier that day. (18) A man wearing a ski mask had gotten away with $1000. (19) Unfortunately, all police could tell from the surcurity camera was that the robber was a tall man wearing a red shirt and blue jeans. (20) Alex gasped. (21) He grabbed his photos out of Samantha’s hand as she cracked a joke about Alex’s photography skills. (22) Samantha wanted to move to the city and study art. (23) Alex flipped through the pile and looked more closely at the man in the last photograph he had shot. (24) He wore a red shirt and was holding something in his hand that looked like a ski mask! (25) His face could clearly be seen. (26) The next morning, Alex’s photograph was on the front page of every newspaper. (27) Even Samantha smiled as the local news reporter pulled up to the house to interview Alex, the newly famous crime-solving photographer!

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H 1

Choose the correct way to write the underlined part of sentence 4. Buttoning his coat he headed outside with his new camera.

Their mother overheard her comment and replied “You should be nice to your brother; he might become a famous photographer one day!”

? A Buttoning his coat. ? B Buttoning his coat:

? A replied!

? C Buttoning his coat,

? B replied,

? D No change is needed.

Choose the correct way to write the underlined part of sentence 8.

? C replied; ? D No change is needed.

Choose the best way to combine the ideas in sentences 5 and 6 into one sentence.

As he walked out the door, he saw his older sister, Samantha. She teased him.

Choose the correct way to write the underlined part of sentence 9. Alex took pictures of many different subjects his neighbor’s cat, the store on the corner, and a few of his friends he ran into on Main Street.

? F Samantha, his older sister, teased him as he walked out the door. ? G As he walked out the door, teased by his older sister Samantha.

? F subjects. His ? G subjects: his

? H Teasing him, Samantha did, as his older sister, he walked out the door.

? H subjects; his

? J Samantha she teased him, his older sister, as he walked out the door.

? J No change is needed.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H 5

Choose the correct way to write the underlined part of sentence 11. When he was down to his last picture, he was not sure what or whom he wanted to photograph.

Choose the correct way to write the underlined part of sentence 13. Later that day, Alex picked up his film at Al’s One hour photo palace.

? A Al’s one hour photo palace.

? A what or who

? B Al’s one hour Photo Palace.

? B whom or who

? C Al’s One Hour Photo Palace.

? C whom or which

? D No change is needed.

8 6

Read sentence 12, which is poorly written. Alex raised his camera just as a man hurried out of the bank across the street, and clicked it one last time.

Choose the correct way to write the underlined part of sentence 14. He was thrilled to see that hed taken some good pictures.

? F hed’

Choose the best way to rewrite this sentence.

? G he’d ? H h’ed

? F Alex raised his camera just as a man hurried out of the bank, and clicked it one last time, as he ran across the street.

? J No change is needed.

? G Alex raised his camera and clicked it one last time, just as a man hurried out of the bank across the street. ? H Just as a man left the bank, Alex raised his camera and the man hurried across the street and he clicked it one last time. ? J He hurried across the street, Alex raised his camera and clicked it one last time, the man had left the bank.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H 9

11 Choose the correct way to write the

Choose the correct way to write the underlined part of sentence 15.

underlined part of sentence 19.

After dinner, Alex proudly showed his family his photo collection as them sat on the couch watching television.

Unfortunately, all police could tell from the surcurity camera was that the robber was a tall man wearing a red shirt and blue jeans.

? A those

? A sercureity

? B they

? B security

? C we

? C securrity

? D No change is needed.

10 Read sentence 17, which is poorly written. 12 Choose the word or phrase that best fits at

She was reporting a report about a bank robbery that had reportedly taken place earlier that day.

the beginning of sentence 20.

? F Suddenly,

Choose the best way to rewrite this sentence.

? G Also, ? H In the past,

? F She was reportedly reporting on a bank robbery that took place earlier that day.

? J As soon as,

? G She was reporting a reported story about a bank robbery that had taken place earlier that day.

13 Choose the sentence that does not belong in the paragraph that begins with sentence 20.

? H She was reporting a story about a bank robbery that had taken place earlier that day.

? A sentence 21 ? B sentence 22

? J She was reporting about a bank robbery story that had taken place, as the reporter’s story continued, earlier that day.

? C sentence 24 ? D sentence 25

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Session 2 DIRECTIONS For her Women in History assignment, Sharon decided to write about Barbara Jordan. She has written a draft of her paper. Now she needs help editing and revising it. Read Sharon’s draft and use it to answer numbers 14 through 28.

Barbara Jordan (1) Barbara Jordan, born in 1936, was the first African American woman to break down certain barriers. (2) She grew up in a poor neighborhood in Houston, Texas as the daughter of a Baptist minister poverty didn’t hold her back and she graduated with honors from high school in 1952. (3) Then she went to college at Texas Southern University. (4) She was a diligent and determined student. (5) She had an extraordinary booming voice. (6) Jordan was a member of her schools debate team. (7) At an annual debate at Baylor University, Jordan earned the top prize in junior oratory. (8) In 1956, Jordan graduated from college and attended law school in Boston. (9) She later went back to Houston to practice law. (10) In 1962, Jordan ran for the Texas House of Representatives and Jordan lost that election and two years later, Jordan ran and lost again. (11) A less determined person might have given up: but not Barbara Jordan! (12) In 1966, she was elected to the Texas Senate. (13) Six years later, she became the first black woman from the south to be elected to the U.S. Congress.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H (14) In 1974, Jordan served on a special committee. (15) That was looking into the Watergate affair. (16) Watergate involved the cover-up of crimes against the Democratic Party. (17) These crimes were committed to influence the presidential election when Richard Nixon was running for reelection. (18) Jordan addressed the committee. (19) She spoke to the committee in support of Nixon’s impeachment. (20) She spoke about how the Constitution protected the personal freedoms and rights of all citizens and that its laws needed to be obeyed and respected by everyone. (21) During the Watergate hearings, Barbara Jordan impressed the world. (22) She was asked to deliver the keynote speech at the Democratic National Convention in 1976. (23) She was the first African American to receive that honor. (24) Thurgood Marshall was the first black Supreme Court Justice. (25) Jordan retired unfortunately due to multiple sclerosis from government life. (26) She continued to influence people through her teachings at the LBJ School of Public Affairs at the university of Texas at Austin. (27) In 1992, Jordan were invited to speak at another Democratic National Convention. (28) In 1994, president Clinton awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom. (29) This medal is the highest civillian honor given by the United States. (30) Jordan passed away in 1996.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H 14 Choose the correct way to write the

16 Choose the correct way to write the

underlined part of sentence 2.

underlined part of sentence 6.

She grew up in a poor neighborhood in Houston, Texas as the daughter of a Baptist minister poverty didn’t hold her back and she graduated with honors from high school in 1952.

Jordan was a member of her schools debate team.

? F schools’s ? G schools’

? F minister,

? H school’s

? G minister:

? J No change is needed.

? H minister;

17 Read sentence 10, which is poorly written.

? J No change is needed.

In 1962, Jordan ran for the Texas House of Representatives and Jordan lost that election and two years later, Jordan ran and lost again.

15 Choose the best topic sentence to add to the beginning of the paragraph that starts with sentence 5.

Choose the best way to rewrite this sentence.

? A Barbara Jordan had a natural gift for public speaking.

? A In 1962, Jordan ran and lost and then ran and lost again for the Texas House of Representatives.

? B Many schools have debate teams. ? C Barbara Jordan had many friends.

? B In 1962, Jordan ran for the Texas House of Representatives. She lost. Two years later, Jordan lost. She had run again.

? D Children should be seen and not heard.

? C In 1962, Jordan ran for the Texas House of Representatives. She lost that election and two years later, she ran and lost again. ? D Two years later, she ran and lost again after Jordan ran and lost in 1962 for the Texas House of Representatives.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H 18 Choose the correct way to write the

20 Choose the correct way to write the

underlined part of sentence 11.

underlined part of sentence 20.

A less determined person might have given up: but not Barbara Jordan!

She spoke about how the Constitution protected the personal freedoms and rights of all citizens and that its laws needed to be obeyed and respected by everyone.

? F given, up but ? G given up; but ? H given up, but,

? F it’s

? J No change is needed.

? G its’ ? H it

19 Choose the best way to combine the ideas

? J No change is needed.

of sentences 18 and 19 into one sentence. Jordan addressed the committee. She spoke to the committee in support of Nixon’s impeachment.

21 Read sentence 25, which is poorly written. Jordan retired unfortunately due to multiple sclerosis from government life.

? A Speaking to the committee in support, she addressed them about Nixon’s impeachment.

Choose the best way to rewrite this sentence.

? B Jordan addressed the committee in support of Nixon’s impeachment.

? A Due unfortunately to multiple sclerosis, Jordan retired from government life.

? C Jordan addressed and spoke to the committee impeaching Nixon’s support.

? B Due to multiple sclerosis unfortunately Jordan, retired from government life.

? D The committee addressed by Jordan was in support of Nixon’s impeachment.

? C Unfortunately, due to multiple sclerosis, Jordan retired from government life. ? D Due to multiple sclerosis, Jordan retired unfortunately from government life.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H 22 Choose the correct way to write the

24 Choose the correct way to write the

underlined part of sentence 26.

underlined part of sentence 27.

She continued to influence people through her teachings at the LBJ School of Public Affairs at the university of Texas at Austin.

In 1992, Jordan were invited to speak at another Democratic National Convention.

? F In 1992, Jordan is invited

? F University of Texas at austin.

? G In 1992, Jordan are invited

? G University of Texas at Austin.

? H In 1992, Jordan was invited

? H university of Texas at austin.

? J No change is needed.

25 Choose the correct way to write the 23 Choose the sentence that does not

underlined part of sentence 28.

belong in the paragraph that begins with sentence 21.

In 1994, president Clinton awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

? A sentence 21

? A President Clinton

? B sentence 23

? B president clinton

? C sentence 24

? C President clinton

? D sentence 25

? D No change is needed.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H 26 Choose the correct way to write the

28 Which of these is not a complete sentence?

underlined part of sentence 29.

? F Then she went to college at Texas Southern University.

This medal is the highest civillian honor given by the United States.

? G She had an extraordinary booming voice.

? F civvilian

? H In 1974, Jordan served on a special committee.

? G sevilian ? H civilian

? J That was looking into the Watergate affair.

? J No change is needed.

27 Choose the sentence that best fits right after sentence 11.

? A She persevered until she achieved her goal. ? B She always considered Texas her home. ? C She was disappointed by the losses. ? D She often thought about her early life.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Session 3 DIRECTIONS Jacob Burns is writing an important letter to his parents. He has finished his first draft but wants to revise and edit his letter before he gives it to them. Read Jacob’s letter and use it to answer numbers 29 through 40. (1) Dear Mom and Dad, (2) Remember last year you said you would think about the possibility of me getting a dog? (3) Well, guess what? (4) A cute little thing followed me home from school today. (5) I honestly have know idea how she found me. (6) Michael and I were walking home from school and out of the bushes jumped this big-eyed, wet-nosed puppy. (7) I know you have some doubts about my ability to take care of a pet. (8) But I think I should be allowed to have a dog. (9) I am a responsible member of this family. (10) Last week Grandma said, You’re very mature for your age, Jacob. (11) Every Saturday, I clean my room before anyone tells me to. (12) During the week, I water the plants and help take out the garbage. (13) I sometimes even help Michael mow the lawn and rake the leaves. (14) I love when the leaves change color every autumn. (15) I am an excellent student. (16) I always do my homework and I get good grades in school. (17) I think that proves that when I am faced with a challenge, I can handle it. (18) I promise this puppy will not take time away from my homework.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H (19) Finally, and most importantly, this past summer, I will have taken care of Toby, the Parker family’s poodle. (20) I fed him twice a day, both at an early time and a later one, once in the morning when it was light out and once at night when it was dark. (21) To make sure he got plenty of exercise, for a walk each day, I took him. (22) Even though I was paid to take care of Toby, it didn’t feel like a job. (23) You know how much I love animals and that I love dogs the mostest. (24) If you allow me to keep Cookie (that’s what I named her) I promise to take care of her and love her and provide her with an excellent home. (25) She can even sleep in my room! (26) You won’t even know she is here! (27) Please say we can keep her! (28) Your loving son, (29) Jacob

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H 29 Jacob wants to change sentence 4 so that it

31 Choose the correct way to write the

is more specific.

underlined part of sentence 10.

A cute little thing followed me home from school today.

Last week Grandma said, You’re very mature for your age, Jacob.

Choose the best way to rewrite the underlined part of the sentence.

? A “You’re very mature for your age, Jacob”.

? A mammal

? B “You’re very mature for your age, Jacob.”

? B four-legged animal

? C “You’re very mature for your age,” Jacob.

? C creature ? D puppy

? D No change is needed.

30 Choose the correct way to write the

32 Choose the sentence that does not

underlined part of sentence 5.

belong in the paragraph that begins with sentence 9.

I honestly have know idea how she found me.

? F sentence 11

? F none

? G sentence 12

? G no

? H sentence 13

? H known

? J sentence 14

? J No change is needed.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H 33 Choose the correct way to write the

35 Read sentence 21, which is poorly written.

underlined part of sentence 19.

To make sure he got plenty of exercise, for a walk each day, I took him.

Finally, and most importantly, this past summer, I will have taken care of Toby, the Parker family’s poodle.

Choose the best way to rewrite this sentence.

? A I taked care of

? A I took him for a walk each day to make sure he got plenty of exercise.

? B I take care of ? C I took care of

? B I took him to make sure he got plenty of exercise for a walk each day.

? D No change is needed.

? C Each day for a walk I took him, to make sure he got plenty of exercise.

34 Read sentence 20, which is poorly written. I fed him twice a day, both at an early time and a later one, once in the morning when it was light out and once at night when it was dark.

? D For a walk each day I took him, to make sure he got plenty of exercise.

36 Choose the correct way to write the

Choose the best way to rewrite this sentence so that it does not repeat ideas.

underlined part of sentence 23. You know how much I love animals and that I love dogs the mostest.

? F I fed him two times, once early, once late, once morning, once nighttime.

? F more

? G I fed him twice every morning and night when it was dark and late.

? G most

? H I fed him twice a day, once in the morning and once at night.

? H morer ? J No change is needed.

? J I fed him early in the morning and late at night, twice a day each day, in the light and in the dark.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H 37 Choose the correct way to write the

39 Choose the best way to rewrite sentence 27

underlined part of sentence 24.

so that the tone of the sentence is not changed.

If you allow me to keep Cookie (that’s what I named her) I promise to take care of her and love her and provide her with an excellent home.

Please say we can keep her!

? A I look forward to your approval of this matter!

? A Cookie (that’s what I named her,) I promise

? B I’ll be so excited if you let me keep her!

? B Cookie (that’s what I named her), I promise

? C I hereby request your permission to keep her.

? C Cookie, (that’s what I named her) I promise

? D I think my heart will break if you say no.

? D No change is needed.

40 Jacob wants to add this sentence to the 38 Choose the best way to combine the ideas

paragraph that begins with sentence 23.

of sentences 25 and 26 into one sentence.

Dogs love me, too!

She can even sleep in my room! You won’t even know she is here!

Where would this sentence best fit?

? F right after sentence 23

? F Even sleeping in my room and I won’t know she’s here!

? G right after sentence 24

? G If she sleeps in my room, you won’t even know she is here!

? H right after sentence 26 ? J right after sentence 27

? H Sleeping in my room, will you know she is here? ? J When you won’t know she is here it will be because she is sleeping in my room.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

P art C Strand by Strand All Together

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Section 1: Strand by Strand Strand 1: The Elements of a Complete Sentence 1

Find the word that best completes the sentence. I decided to check my messages

I left.

A against B before C between D throughout

Which of these is not a complete sentence? A My car is not in a roadworthy condition. B My brother an unusual sense of humor. C My sister Katherine is a gifted seamstress. D My father has a very organized garage.

Find the word that best completes the sentence. Miss Donovan can be strict, but

is a great dance teacher.

A it B her C she D they

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Choose the sentence that is complete and written correctly. A Diving through the clouds, Ken watched the bird with interest. B Keith was asked to move the painting by the window in the front room. C The whistle of the kettle heard from across the room made Molly get up. D Carlos reached out and caught the ball in his left hand.

Find the words that best complete the sentence. The woman in the bookstore

A in the cooking section B comes here often C buying several books D with her children

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H Strand 2: Subject-Verb Agreement 6

Choose the word that best completes the sentence. A large backyard

good for entertaining friends.

A is B are C will D were

Choose the words that best complete the sentence. My dad and I

furniture together.

A like to construct B likes to construct C like to constructs D likes to constructs

Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. My aunt, who lives nearby, often

us.

A visit B visits C is visit D has visits

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Which of these sentences is written correctly? A The dodo were a funny bird that once lived mainly on the island of Mauritius. B The dodo has been extinct for hundreds of years. C One of the bird’s major problems were that it laid its eggs on the ground. D Many animals could easily locates the eggs and ate them.

10 Find the words that best complete the sentence. asking a lot of questions. A The reporters seems to be B Miss Robinson were used to C The people at the book signing was D The teacher likes

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H Strand 3: Capitalization and Punctuation 11 Choose the answer that shows the correct capitalization. A The Sphinx is a famous egyptian landmark. B Wall street is home to some of the largest financial firms in the world. C As well as being the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates has written

several books. D China has a population of over a Billion People.

12 Choose the answer that shows the correct capitalization and punctuation. A I call Grandma, who lives in Florida, every sunday night. B “Everybody out” Miss Jenkins ordered. C Walking my dog Buddy regularly, keeps him, fit and happy. D The glasses, which I bought on sale, broke in less than a week.

13 Choose the answer that shows the correct punctuation. A I love sunny days on the weekends B Who should I ask about trying out for the school play? C Jake often says that he would like to be a pilot one day? D we hardly had time to pack our bags!

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

14 Choose the sentence that has correct capitalization and punctuation. A I didn’t see it coming, Mr. Walker said about his business success. B The play titled The phantom of the opera won many awards. C We studied the short story “There Is Always A Way” in class. D Miss Irvine always reminds her students to “try a little bit harder each day.”

15 Choose the sentence that has the correct capital letters. A The island called Maui is the second largest island that makes up Hawaii. B Mount Etna is an Active Volcano in Europe. C Lake superior is in the United States and Canada. D The sahara desert covers a massive area.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H Strand 4: Combining of Sentences 16 Which sentence best combines the two sentences? Rain is usually good for gardens. Rain can be bad for gardens if there is too much rain. A Rain is usually good for gardens, so can be bad if there is too much rain. B Rain is usually good for gardens, nor can be bad if there is too much rain. C Rain is usually good for gardens, but can be bad if there is too much rain. D Rain is usually good for gardens, and can be bad if there is too much rain.

17 Which sentence best combines the two sentences? My dog has a healthy diet of dry biscuits. My dog has a healthy diet of canned food. A My dog has a healthy diet of dry and canned biscuits and food. B My dog has a diet of dry biscuits and canned food, healthy. C My dog has a healthy diet of dry biscuits and canned food. D My dog has dry canned biscuits and food, a healthy diet.

18 Which sentence best combines the two sentences? Firemen undergo extensive training. Then they begin working in the field. A Firemen undergo extensive training then working in the field. B Firemen undergo extensive training due to working in the field. C Firemen undergo extensive training before working in the field. D Firemen undergo extensive training unless working in the field.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

19 Choose the best way to combine the two sentences. Yolanda woke up early on Sunday morning. She usually sleeps in on Sundays. A Usually sleeps in, on Sundays, Yolanda woke up early. B While Yolanda woke up early, on Sunday morning, she usually sleeps in. C She usually sleeps in on Sundays, so Yolanda woke up early on Sunday morning. D Yolanda, who usually sleeps in on Sundays, woke up early on Sunday morning.

20 Choose the best way to combine the two sentences. Kumar drove to the airport. Kumar is catching a plane to Greece. A Kumar drove to the airport and Kumar is catching a plane to Greece. B Kumar drove to the airport to catch a plane to Greece. C Kumar drove to catch a plane to Greece from the airport. D Kumar drove and is catching a plane to Greece at the airport.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H Strand 5: Separation of Sentences 21 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A Tomorrow morning, I have to attend a meeting before school. B Emma was feeling tired, she decided to lie down for a while. C To ensure he got the best price, Dad washed the car before selling it. D If ever you need help with anything, you only have to ask.

22 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A When we reached the waterfall, we stopped for a rest. B Last night, I finally finished the last chapter of my book. C People often send emails, people still use regular mail as well. D Before you leave, could you wash and dry the dishes?

23 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A While the cake was cooling, we started making the icing. B The neighbor’s dog is friendly, he greets everyone like a best friend. C People loved Emily’s paintings, so she started selling them at local markets. D Tomorrow morning, Jackson has to meet with the bank manager.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

24 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A While equally beautiful, rubies are not as rare as diamonds. B It’s bad luck to walk under a ladder, it’s good luck to find a four-leaf clover. C The horse had been refusing to eat, so Chelsea was getting worried. D To avoid a scene, I told my little brother he could have an ice cream.

25 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A From all the way across the field, I heard Greta yelling. B Georgia is never late for school, nor is her homework ever late. C The golfer was leading before the last hole, he felt good about winning the contest. D In contrast to many beliefs, drinking too much water can be unhealthy.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

Section 2: All Together 1

Choose the answer that shows the correct capitalization and punctuation. A Mavis can speak English, Spanish, and, a little, French. B In 1929, the first Academy Awards were presented. C The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens Greece. D The Golden Gate Bridge is in San francisco, California.

Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A Researching my family tree has taken a lot of time, but it has been worth it. B While my mother was still sleeping, we made her a delicious breakfast. C Sometime last year, I noticed that the town was changing. D Laptops are light and portable, they allow people to work anywhere.

Which sentence best combines the two sentences? Contact sports can cause injuries. That is why players wear protective gear. A So contact sports can cause injuries, players wear protective gear. B For contact sports can cause injuries, players wear protective gear. C Since contact sports can cause injuries, players wear protective gear. D Although contact sports can cause injuries, players wear protective gear.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Choose the word that best completes the sentence. Adam and Kylie waited for the bus to

A arrive B arrives C arrived D arriving

Find the word that best completes the sentence. Doug’s room is much

than mine.

A tidy B tidier C tidiest D tidiness

Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A There are many different types of mountains, they form in different ways. B A forest fire can destroy many trees, but they will grow back. C Where a river meets the ocean, a delta is sometimes found. D After a lot of rain, rivers often increase in height.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

Which sentence best combines the two sentences? A diet with plenty of fruit keeps people healthy. A diet with plenty of vegetables keeps people healthy. A A diet with plenty of fruit vegetables keeps people healthy. B A diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables keeps people healthy. C A diet with plenty of fruit plenty of vegetables keeps people healthy. D A diet with plenty of fruit and a diet with plenty of vegetables keeps

people healthy.

Find the word or words that best complete the sentence. My cat started to shed its

in the summer.

A coat B messy C stay cooler D beautiful shiny

Choose the answer that shows the correct capitalization and punctuation. A “The Lord of the Flies” is a novel about a group of schoolboys on an island. B The poem “The Road Not Taken” is one of Robert Frost’s best known works. C My father often reads the magazine “The New Yorker.” D Emilia had her short story Subway Dreaming published in a magazine.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

10 Which sentence best combines the two sentences? Gwen ate too much food at the party. Gwen began to feel sick. A Gwen ate too much food at the party, began to feel sick. B Gwen ate too much food at the party, yet began to feel sick. C Gwen ate too much food at the party, and began to feel sick. D Gwen ate too much food at the party, because began to feel sick.

11 Choose the word that best completes the sentence. Errol

spent years studying acting.

A is B has C was D have

12 Choose the answer that shows the correct punctuation. A “Did someone eat my lunch”? I quizzed. B “Please file out in an orderly manner,” directed the teacher. C “Can someone please turn the light on” cried Mannie. D “Ready, set, go!”, hollered the starter.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

13 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A The house needed a coat of paint, but it was mainly in good condition. B Until Margaret is old enough to walk by herself, Ellen will walk

her to school. C First of all, you should decide on a theme for the party. D The cat was quick and nimble, it easily escaped from the dog.

14 Which sentence best combines the two sentences? The library charges a fee if books are returned late. The library charges a fee if movies are returned late. A The library charges if books or movies are returned late. B The library charges a fee if books or movies are returned late. C The library charges a fee if books or a fee if movies are returned late. D The library charges a fee if books or charges a fee if movies are

returned late.

15 Find the word that best completes the sentence. We decided to

our plans further at the next meeting.

A conversation B discuss C lively D uncertain

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

16 Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Many people

that snakes are aggressive.

A think B thinks C thinking D does think

17 Which sentence best combines the two sentences? The cyclist grabbed the water bottle. The cyclist took a sip of water and then threw the water bottle away. A The cyclist grabbed, sipped, and then threw away the water bottle. B The cyclist grabbed and sipped the water bottle, and then threw it away. C The cyclist grabbed the water bottle, took a sip of water, and then

threw it away. D The cyclist grabbed the water bottle, sipped the water bottle, and threw the water

bottle away.

18 Which of these is not a complete sentence? A Recycling helps the environment. B Newspapers, cans, and bottles can all be recycled. C We put food scraps in compost bin. D Our family tries to reuse as many items as possible.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

19 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A The school play was days away, but Mark was feeling nervous already. B Kyle heard that it might rain in the afternoon, so he grabbed an umbrella. C Once we have decided on a meeting place, we have to decide on a time. D Training a dog is important, it teaches a dog how to behave well.

20 Choose the answer that shows the correct punctuation. A My bird eats’ seeds, grass, and even bugs. B Dustin’s artworks are very impressive. C I did’nt think to check the weather report before I left. D Becky and Byron we’re on their way to the beach.

21 Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Public transportation

an inexpensive way of traveling.

A are B is C were D have been

22 Which of these is not a complete sentence? A Our teacher lectures using a projector. B The dining table is constructed from solid oak. C All vehicles require regular maintenance. D The Internet is efficient way of paying bills.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

23 Choose the answer that shows the correct capitalization. A Winning a Nobel Peace Prize is a great honor. B The Emmy Awards are given out for excellence in Television. C The New York mets are a professional baseball team. D Brighton beach is a popular place to visit in the Summer.

24 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A When the students hear the bell, they know that class is over for the day. B Aaron said that next time, he will study harder for the test. C My aunt tried to teach me how to knit, I wasn’t very good at it. D It was a warm day, so Jackie decided to have a pool party.

25 Choose the word that best completes the sentence. Gas heaters

an efficient form of heating.

A is B am C are D was

26 Choose the sentence that has the correct capital letters. A Charlie did his assignment on the history of the company fedex. B Janette finds the course French literature quite difficult. C Adam was offered a job at Marcel and Lewis, Incorporated. D Salina is studying to become a Lawyer at Columbia University.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

27 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A Right around noon, the wedding ceremony started. B Besides being old, the dressing table is also expensive. C The white sand glistened in the sunlight, it was a beautiful sight. D It’s important to exercise often, but you shouldn’t push it too much.

28 Find the words that best complete the sentence. Monday and Tuesday next week

A and Wednesday as well B several days to wait C will be fun days D after the weekend

29 Which of these sentences is written correctly? A Joe often wondered if there were an easier way to clean his room. B He wished a robot could come in and puts everything away for him. C Unfortunately, Joe just had to does everything himself. D At least when he put on music, the time went quickly.

30 Choose the best way to combine the two sentences. Rashan lives in the green house at the end of the street. Rashan lives on Parker Street. A Rashan, on Parker Street, lives in the green house at the end. B Rashan lives on Parker Street, the green house at the end. C Rashan lives in the green house at the end of the street, which is Parker Street. D Rashan lives in the green house at the end of Parker Street. © RALLY! EDUCATION

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

31 Choose the sentence that is complete and written correctly. A The ball went right through the window and shattered the glass with a loud noise. B Lying in the grass, Liam watched the rabbit not making a sound. C As Lucy struck the match, a bright flame appeared and made her feel safer. D Mike told me to walk along the path past the statue and turn left.

32 Find the words that best complete the sentence. sitting in traffic. A I were annoyed while B For hours, Jack were C The bus driver was singing while D Olga and her mother was patiently

33 Choose the best way to combine the two sentences. Wesley got on the train at midday. Wesley got off the train at five o’clock. A Wesley got on and off the train at midday and five o’clock. B Wesley got on the train at midday, and off it at five o’clock. C Wesley got on the train at midday, and Wesley got off the train at five o’clock. D Wesley got on at midday and off at five o’clock the train.

34 Choose the sentence that has correct punctuation. A Sonja had very little money, so she decided to make a present. B Inga’s hands were getting sore so she put away her knitting. C Arlene tried to help her younger brother but, she found it difficult. D Pierre would like to run his own business one day, but, he’s not ready yet.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

35 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A The art teacher was surprised by Hoy’s talent, Hoy was a great painter. B The scientist had an interesting theory, but it hadn’t been proven. C Elsewhere in the company, different plans were being made. D While staring into the night sky, I saw a shooting star.

36 Find the words that best complete the sentence. The camera I got for my birthday

A two years ago B and the photography book C still works after all this time D from my aunt and uncle

37 Which of these sentences is written correctly? A Museums has a lot of interesting items on display. B However, museums is not just for looking at items stored behind glass. C Many museums have activities that people can take part in. D The activities is often designed to suit younger people.

38 Choose the best way to combine the sentences. Hannah felt bad about what she had said. Hannah had not meant to be mean. A Hannah had not meant to be mean and felt bad about what she had said. B Hannah felt bad and not mean about what she had said. C Hannah felt bad about the mean things she said. D Hannah had not meant to feel bad about what she had said. © RALLY! EDUCATION

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL H

39 Choose the sentence that has the correct capital letters. A The character Snoopy has appeared in comics, books, and movies. B I had been promising Martin that I would take him to a Zoo for ages. C We were surprised when our Teacher said we were going on a field trip. D Nathan was relieved when the Train finally arrived.

40 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A I get woken up in the morning by loud birds, I don’t mind. B Staring into the fridge, Finn couldn’t decide what to eat. C The river can be a lot higher, but it hasn’t rained for a long time. D In addition to being a great tennis player, Samuel is also good at baseball.

41 Choose the sentence that is complete and written correctly. A The dog chewed on the bone until there was nothing left for the whole day. B Leaping through the air, I watched the dog catch the bone in its mouth. C As she rode along the sidewalk, Kim waved to a friend from her science class. D When I turned the key, the door unlocked easily I walked through.

42 Choose the best way to combine the two sentences. The seal caught the beach ball. The seal balanced the beach ball on its nose. A The seal caught the beach ball and balanced it on its nose. B The seal caught the beach ball and balanced them on its nose. C The seal caught the beach ball and balanced us on its nose. D The seal caught the beach ball and balanced her on its nose.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

43 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A Jayden is interested in Abraham Lincoln, so he is writing an assignment

about him. B To take the photo, Rachel had to wait until the light was just right. C Unfortunately for Davis, the bus left without him. D The painter gave the house a new coat of paint, it looked much better.

44 Which of these sentences is written correctly? A Many people mistakes oxygen as being the main gas in the atmosphere. B In fact, nitrogen is much more common than oxygen. C The gas nitrogen make up almost 80 percent of the air. D The oxygen that people breathes in is about 20 percent of the air.

45 Choose the answer that has the correct capital letters. A dear Sir or Madam: B Dear sir or madam: C Dear Sir Or Madam: D Dear Sir or Madam:

46 Find the words that best complete the sentence. The watch that Nigel wears

A has an alarm B black and gold C on his left wrist D and the necklace

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL H

47 Choose the best way to combine the two sentences. The train is usually here by now. The train is running late today. A The train is usually here by now, it is running late today. B The train is usually here by now, nor it is running late today. C The train is usually here by now, or it is running late today. D The train is usually here by now, but it is running late today.

48 Which of these sentences is written correctly? A Actors use many different methods to performing their craft. B Method acting are one technique that can be used. C Actors using this technique almost become the character. D They often feels the emotions that the character felt.

49 Choose the sentence that has correct punctuation. A While Jade was waiting she, read a magazine. B Before the movie, started I turned off my phone. C Even though, it was late Katy called her friend. D After we finished eating, we asked for the check.

50 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences? A In contrast to most birds, emus are unable to fly. B The cyclist rounded the corner, crossed the finish line in first place. C Heather looked upset about something, but she said she was fine. D To practice his skills, Franz performed for his family.

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ISBN 978-1-4204-6822-9