Tx grammar c by RALLY! Education

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

ISBN 978-1-4204-6807-6 R 6807-6 Copyright ©2012 RALLY! EDUCATION. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Printed in the U.S.A. 0911 RALLY! EDUCATION 22 Railroad Avenue Glen Head, NY 11545 (888) 99-RALLY www.RALLYEDUCATION.com © RALLY! EDUCATION. NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE REPRODUCED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

P art A: R eview Punctuation Lessons 1–4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Grammar and Word Usage Lessons 1–7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

P art B: M ultiple -C hoice P ractice Session 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Session 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Session 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

P art C: P ractice for T est S uccess Strand by Strand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 The Elements of a Complete Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Subject-Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Capitalization and Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Combining of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Separation of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE â&#x20AC;˘ LEVEL C

Introduction Test Success Series: Grammar, Punctuation & Word Usage prepares students to answer the multiple-choice questions assessing grammar, punctuation, and word usage on tests.

P art A In Part A, you will complete lessons in grammar, punctuation, and word usage. At the end of each set of lessons you will complete a review.

P art B In Part B, you will read passages with embedded errors. Students then answer multiple-choice questions to indicate appropriate corrections.

P art C In Part C, Strand by Strand covers each of the five strands individually. For each strand, students answer five multiple-choice questions testing each skill. The Elements of a Complete Sentence Subject-Verb Agreement Capitalization and Punctuation Combining of Sentences Separation of Sentences All Together covers all of the strands together. Section 2 contains ten questions for each of the strands, but the questions are mixed together. Students answer 50 multiple-choice questions testing all of the five skills. Part C only includes multiple-choice questions. Each question offers four possible answer choices. Students should review the questions and four choices carefully and select the answer they think is best.

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

P art A Punctuation Lessons Grammar and Word Usage Lessons

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Periods End most sentences with a period. For example:

Ken went to the park. Please clean up your room.

Follow an abbreviation with a period. For example:

Mrs.

Feb.

Wed.

Mr.

Question Marks End a sentence that asks a question with a question mark. For example:

Did you know it is raining? What time are you leaving?

Exclamation Points Some sentences show strong feelings or surprise. End these sentences with an exclamation point. For example:

That was a scary story! This cookie tastes good!

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the words are punctuated correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you.

outside? 1. Is it cold outside. 2. Where is my jacket. 3. Take out your homework! 4. Can you come outside and play? 5. Mrs. Lopez gave us a snack after school. 6. Will you help me. 7. That was a really hard test! 8. Is today Saturday? 9. Always try your best? 10. We went on a long trip.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Commas – Part I Follow words that are exclamations with a comma. You can add a word to the beginning of a sentence to show a feeling, like surprise. These words are often called an exclamation. For example:

Wow, I was really tired! Yes, I would like to go shopping.

Separate phrases with a comma. Writers sometimes add a group of words before the sentence to make their writing more interesting. These words are known as phrases. For example:

During the rainstorm, we ran all the way home. Before the party, we set up the chairs.

Use a comma before and after a word or phrase that renames or gives more information about a noun. A noun is a person, place, or thing. For example:

His teacher, Ms. Jones, came in the room. In our class, 3-305, we were working on science projects.

If there are three or more words in a series, separate each word with a comma. For example:

We learned about Spain, China, and Canada in Social Studies.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is punctuated correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, put in the comma. The first one has been done for you.

Wonderful,

1. Wonderful let’s start running! 2. Our town Smithville is a great place to live. 3. Trying my best I read the book. 4. We took cookies, fudge, and a cake to the picnic. 5. We listened to our group leader Mr. Johnson. 6. We gave our neighbors flowers vegetables and herbs from our garden. 7. My that is a large bear! 8. The trainer, Ms. Brown, told us to come closer. 9. Wait I need to get my book bag! 10. Before the test, I studied my spelling words.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Commas – Part II End the greeting and closing of a letter with a comma. For example:

Dear Mr. Smith, Thank you so much for your gift. I am really enjoying it. Sincerely, Mark

Use a comma to separate the date from the year. For example:

February 12, 1999

Use a comma to separate cities from states. For example:

Albany, New York

Use a comma to separate cities from countries. For example:

Paris, France

Use a comma and a connecting word to put two sentences together. These sentences are known as compound sentences. You must follow the first sentence with the comma and the connecting word. For example:

I wanted to rake the yard, but I could not find the rake.

Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives used in a row. Adjectives are words that are used to describe nouns. For example:

The store was a colorful, crowded place.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Phoenix, 1. My friend went to Phoenix Arizona. 2. My Aunt Sara traveled to London England. 3. It was a wonderful exciting party. 4. She was born on November 5, 2000. 5. There was a funny, silly movie at the theater. 6. I didn’t wear a coat and I was cold. 7. My sister was born on May 10 1999. 8. I live in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. 9. Do you like loud happy music? 10. Her hair was long, but she did not want a haircut.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Punctuation

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Apostrophes Use an apostrophe to form a contraction. A contraction is formed when you put two words together. For example:

have not = haven’t The apostrophe takes the place of the missing o. We will = We’ll The apostrophe takes the place of the missing w and i.

Add an apostrophe plus an “s” to show possession. Possessive nouns show ownership of a person, place, or thing. For example:

The cat belongs to Dan. Dan’s cat is brown and white. The computer belongs to Heather. We used Heather’s computer.

Quotations Use quotation marks before and after a direct quote. Use a comma to separate a quote from the person who is speaking. For example:

Brenda said, “What a beautiful day!” “I want to paint a picture,” said Lou.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is punctuated correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you.

“Always

best,”

1. Always try your best, Mom told me. 2. I can’t come to the party. 3. Larry shouted, Time to go to the pool! 4. Ill be going away on vacation. 5. It was Als birthday. 6. “Come with me to the park,” said Roberto. 7. I dont want to eat a hot dog. 8. “Please clean your room” said Mom. 9. Sara said Tuesday will be a hot day. 10. This is Sam’s bike.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Subject-Verb Agreement When you use a singular subject, use the singular form of the verb that goes with it. To make the verb singular, you will usually add an “s” to the end of it. For example:

Elizabeth plays the game well.

When you use two or more subjects, use the plural form of the verb that goes with them. To do that, you will usually omit an “s” from the end of the verb. For example:

The girls play the game well. Elizabeth and Amy play the game well.

Note that the word “you” is an exception to this rule. “You” can be singular or plural, but always use a plural verb with it. For example:

You play the game well, too.

Some verbs, such as “am,” “has,” and “was,” change form when they are plural. For example:

I am a good student. They are good students. He has good grades. They have good grades. She was the top student. They were the top students.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

have

1. The boys has

many books they would like to read.

2. If Lori score a goal, her team will win the game. 3. It was very cold outside during the winter. 4. He eat all of his food before he goes outside to play. 5. Tia and Jamal wants to go to the library. 6. I are going to put on my new shoes. 7. They was tired from running during football practice. 8. The students wants to go on a trip to the zoo. 9. During the movie, everyone laughed and cheered. 10. Sigrid save stamps and puts them in a book.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Verb Tense If you are writing about an event that is happening now, use the present tense of the verb. For example:

My little sister plays with her dolls.

If you are writing about an event that has already happened, use the past tense of the verb. To make most verbs past tense, add “ed” to the end of the verb. For example:

My little sister played with her dolls yesterday.

When using some verbs in the past tense, double the last letter before adding “ed.” For example:

Now they stop by only once a week, but last month they stopped by every day.

Note that some verbs are irregular and change form completely to make the past tense. For example:

Today I can take just a hat, but yesterday I took an umbrella. I think I need only a hat today, but yesterday I thought I needed an umbrella.

To, Too, and Two Use the correct tense of the word “to.” “To” shows movement toward someone or something. “Too” means also. “Two” is the number 2. For example:

Let’s go to the ballgame today. Are you coming too? My bike has two wheels.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

studied 1. Timothy study before taking a spelling quiz. 2. She went to the park to fly a kite. 3. Yesterday, he give his sister a present for her birthday. 4. Mr. Chen eat a pancake for breakfast this morning. 5. Rose goes to the beach two days ago. 6. Last Saturday, we help to paint the fence at our neighbor’s house. 7. My teacher made a poster to hang on the wall. 8. The cat scratches my arm when we were playing last week. 9. Roberto and Emily had soccer practice tomorrow. 10. The cook put to much salt on the food.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Comparative Forms of Adjectives To compare two people, places, or things, add the letters “er” to the end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable. For example:

Jack can jump higher than Jill.

When you compare two people, places, or things, use the word “more” with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables. For example:

Jill is more interested in sports than Jack.

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, add the letters “est” to the end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable. For example:

That’s the smallest size they have!

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, use the word “most” with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables. For example:

That coat is the most expensive coat in the store.

Pronouns A pronoun takes the place of a noun (a person, place, or thing). If the original noun is singular, the pronoun must be singular. If the original noun is plural, the pronoun must be plural. For example:

Anjani is my friend, and she was born in India. Gaspar and Tom are my best friends, and they live on my block.

Use the correct form of the pronoun “it.” “Its” is the possessive form of “it.” “It’s” is the contraction of “it is.” For example:

It’s going to be a long day. Its hair is short and brown.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C Their, There, and They’re Use the correct form of the word “their.” “Their” is the possessive form of “them.” “There” is a place. “They’re” is the contraction of “they are.” For example:

Their coats and jackets are hanging on the wall. Let’s move over there. They’re going to meet us at the movies.

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence uses correct grammar, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you. 1. Cody is the tallest student in the class. OK 2. Its going to be very cold outside today. 3. The family had a lot of fun during they’re vacation. 4. A pond is usually small than a lake. 5. Tara thinks that baseball is the most exciting sport. 6. The farmers own a lot of land, and he have a lot of animals. 7. This is the funnier movie I have ever seen! 8. Stanley can run more fast than his younger brother. 9. The large oak tree is taller than the house. 10. The dog chased it’s tail. © RALLY! EDUCATION. NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE REPRODUCED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the first word of a sentence. For example:

My friends are coming over to play. Did you do your homework last night?

Capitalize the greeting of a letter. Capitalize the closing of a letter. For example:

Dear Jean, I haven’t seen you in a long time. I hope you are enjoying your new school. Have you made a lot of friends? I will call you next week before vacation so we can play together. Your friend, Sam

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the sentence is capitalized correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you.

Have

1. have you seen him? 2. my mother told me to clean up. 3. We went to the store yesterday. 4. Today is the first day of the week. 5. always do your best. 6. our dog ran outside. 7. my favorite flavor is chocolate. 8. tamara will play tennis a lot this summer. 9. Do you know what time it is? 10. let’s go to the movies.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the first and last names of people. For example:

Frank Nicholson Jocelyn Ford Carlos Rivas

When you talk about yourself, capitalize the letter I. For example:

Ken and I went to the park. My mother said I could watch television.

Capitalize the first letter of a person’s title. For example:

Ms. a woman Mr. a man Sr. senior

Mrs. a married woman Jr. junior Dr. a doctor

Capitalize a person’s initials. For example:

Mr. A. J. Jones Ms. L. Green Dr. B. Fernandez

Capitalize words that are used as names. For example:

She saw Grandma outside. Did Mom go to work? I played with Uncle Jim.

Capitalize the first word in a quotation. For example:

“I want to go to the zoo,” Jim said. Maria asked, “Where is the book I bought?”

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

S tep Two: Practice Directions Look at the following sentences. If the words are capitalized correctly, write OK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you.

1. I played with f. Jones last night. 2. Did you see dr. Lewis? 3. My best friend is Monica Lawson. 4. i will go on vacation in July. 5. “basketball is my favorite sport,“ Wendy said. 6. I hope to visit Uncle Juan this summer. 7. My favorite movie star is b.j. Brown. 8. Aunt Mary is taking me to an amusement park. 9. When will mom be home? 10. It was a very cold winter.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the titles of books, movies, magazines, poems, stories, television shows, and songs. For example:

Books: Alice in Wonderland Movies: Space Wars Magazines: Time for Kids Poems: “Hickory Dickory Dock” Stories: “Rapunzel” Television shows: Sesame Street Songs: “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star”

Capitalize days of the week and months. For example:

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

January February March April May June July August September October November December

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Friday 1. On friday I went with Granddad to the store. 2. Did the class sing “three blind mice?” 3. School is over in June. 4. My favorite story is “Three Little Pigs.” 5. Dad plays tennis with Uncle José every saturday. 6. Last night, I read sports illustrated for kids. 7. When I visit Grandma in August, she will bake a cake. 8. We will sing “it’s a small world after all.” 9. On Tuesday, Dad will take us camping. 10. I saw the wizard of oz with my class.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Grammar & Word Usage

Lesson

S tep One: Instruction Capitalize the names of proper nouns: specific people, places, and things. Groups of people, languages, historic events, holidays, buildings, and bridges are proper nouns. For example:

Streets: Pine Street Cities: Chicago States: Texas Countries: United States Continents: North America Oceans: Indian Ocean Lakes: Lake Michigan Mountains: Appalachian Mountains Groups of people: American Languages: Chinese Historic events: World War I Holidays: Labor Day Buildings: Empire State Building Bridges: George Washington Bridge

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

Alaska

1. I want to go to alaska on vacation. 2. Where did you go on memorial day? 3. We went hiking in the catskill mountains. 4. I read a book about the oklahoma land rush. 5. My friend lives on Southwick Boulevard. 6. Our cousin lives in italy. 7. Do you know anyone who speaks spanish? 8. My neighbor is Korean. 9. We drove over the golden gate bridge. 10. Last summer, we went sailing on the Great South Bay.

GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL C

ISBN 978-1-4204-6807-6